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Supreme Court - Buffalo Law Library
Sponsored by the New York State Supreme Court Library at Buffalo, this site was created by Joanne Walsh, Department of Library and Information Studies, State University of New York at Buffalo, in April 2000. The list is a new and expanded compilation of previous library guides to legal research on the Internet and would not have been possible without the groundwork and input of the following:
- Alice Askew (Law Library Assistant [retired], Supreme Court Library at Buffalo)
- David G. Badertscher (Principal Law Librarian [retired], Supreme Court, Criminal Term, 1st Judicial District, New York City)
- The Cornell University Law Library
- Jay Deveau (Law Librarian, Charles B. Swartwood Supreme Court Library)
- Melissa Holland Lamb (former student, School of Information and Library Studies, University at Buffalo)
- Jeannine A. Lee (Principal Law Librarian, Supreme Court Library at Buffalo)
- Angela M. Patti (Senior Law Librarian, Supreme Court Library at Buffalo)
Last updated: August 2011
Canadian Legal Sites | Comprehensive
Criminal Justice | Expert Witnesses | Federal/State Courts
Federal Case Law | Federal Materials
Insurance | Law Reviews & Journals | Law Schools
Legal Directories | Legal Forms |Legal Interest
Legal Organizations | Legal Publishers | Legal Research Tutorials
Municipal Governments & Agencies
New York State Codes & Statutes
New York State Courts, Rules & Case Law
New York State Offices & Agencies| News
Search Engines | Specialized Areas of Law
State Codes & Statutes | United States Government
Aboriginal Law and Legislation
Alberta Courts Decisions of the Court of Appeal, Court of Queen's Bench and Provincial Court since 2003.
Best Guide to Canadian Legal Research Site posted in flow chart format by law librarian Catherine Best of the University of British Columbia.
Bora Laskin Law Library (University of Toronto) In addition to Canadian sites galore, this links to the British Parliament and courts as well as other Commonwealth high courts.
British Columbia Courts Provincial statutes also available.
Canada Border Services Agency The CBSA is responsible for providing integrated border services that support national security priorities and facilitate the free flow of persons and goods, including animals and plants, which meet all requirements under the program legislation.
Canada (Foreign and International Law) Comprehensive collection of links to Canadian legal sites arranged by topic. Sponsored by WashLaw (Washburn University School of Law).
Canada Gazette Official newspaper of the Candian government.
Canada Revenue Agency The CRA administers tax laws for the Government of Canada and for most provinces and territories; and various social and economic benefit and incentive programs delivered through the tax system.
Canadian Criminal Justice Resource Page Compilation of sites dealing with criminal justice, corrections, law enforcement and juvenile delinquency created by a University of Ottawa professor.
Canadian Criminal Law CentrePlain language articles about Canadian criminal law with links to federal and provincial laws and resources.
Canadian Federal, Provincial and Local Resources Sponsored by the Simon Fraser University Library.
Canadian Firearms Program Information for visitors to Canada, forms, full text of the Firearms Act and Firearms Act regulations as well as e-filing of forms.
Canadian Human Rights Reporter (CHRR)Digest of cases and decisions relating to such topics as discrimination, sexual harassment and disability rights.
Canadian Legal Information Institute (CanLII) Very like Cornell's Legal Information Institute site, this posting by the Federation of Law Societies of Canada, gives access to statutes and regulations, the Supreme and Federal Courts, Tax Court and the higher courts of most provinces.
Canadian Legal Research Excellent introduction to Canada and its legal system with many links to government and the courts. Section on Quebec's legal system, which is unique among the 10 provinces and 3 territories.
CanLaw Canadian lawyer referral service.
CBA.org (Canadian Bar Association)
Citizenship and Immigration Canada
CNW Group Canadian news and information.
Federal Court of Canada Includes downloadable forms, decisions and court rules. Original decisions (from 1990 to present) are accessible by date, case name and docket number.
LawCentral Canada Linking Canadians to legal information, education and help.
Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Justice
Ontario Courts Includes Court of Appeal judgments and endorsements, 1998 to present; judges directories and rules of court for the Superior Court of Justice and Ontario Court of Justice; Family Law rules and forms as well as fine schedules for the lower courts.
Parliament of Canada Virtual Library The objective is to provide Parliament with comprehensive and reliable information, documentation, research and analysis while maintaining extensive and pertinent collections to support the functions of legislation and representation; and to provide information about Canada's Parliament to the public.
Quicklaw Powered by LexisNexis, Quicklaw is a Canadian research subscription service which provides current legislation, primary and secondary content, legal analysis, commentary and forms.
ServiceOntario PublicationsProvides books, maps and other government publications.
Supreme Court of Canada Direct links to justices' bios, court administration and history and judgments..
Supreme Court of Canada JudgmentsDating back to 1907, judgments may be searched by date, case name or subject.
Victim Assistance Online Non-profit advocacy
organization located in and operating under the laws of Ontario which
seeks to aid victims and survivors of crime with emotional support
and practical aid.
Abbreviations Comprehensive directory and search engine for acronyms, abbreviations and initialisms. The Bluebook Abbreviations of Law Review Titles is almost as good as having Bieber's online.
AllRefer.com A hub of up-to-date and authoritative educational information including articles and reference materials. Major topics include earth & environment, history, literature & arts, health & medicine, people, philosophy & religion, science & technology, social science, law, sports, etc.
American Law Sources On-Line Comprehensive, uniform and useful compilation of links to freely accessible on-line sources of law for the United States, Canada and Mexico.
Ben's Guide to U.S. Government for Kids
CataLaw Self-described "catalog of catalogs of worldwide law on the Internet" is searchable by topic or region.
Digital Librarian A librarian's choice of the best of the Web updated every few weeks. Past lists available for browsing.
Federal Judicial CenterMany FJC publications are available for free download at this site.
FedWorld Comprehensive central access point for searching, locating, ordering and acquiring government and business information. Includes link to 7,000+ U.S. Supreme Court full text decisions from 1937 through 1975 (U.S. Reports volumes 300 through 422). You can also obtain IRS forms, search government web pages and link to top government web sites.
Gavel2gavel.com Internet legal research tool links to federal sources, courts and decisions, statutes, bar associations, forms, etc.
Government Documents Round Table (GODORT)Sponsored by the American Library Association, this is an excellent one-stop site for federal government information. The Government Information Portal provides access by level of government as well as subject.
Guide to Law Online Annotated collection of links prepared by the Law Library of Congress with emphasis on sites offering full text.
HG.org "The objective of HG.org is to make law, government and related professional information easily accessible to the legal profession, businesses and consumers." Provides links to law firm and legal service providers directories, information on various areas of the law and giovernment for the general public as well as those for future and current law students.
Hot Topics The latest incarnation of the "best of the web" weekly list compiled by St. Ambrose University (Davenport, IA) librarians. Everything from a journalist's guide to economic terms to Hispanic/Latino news services plus archives of past lists.
INFOMINE Librarian built and featured on the University of California Libraries Government Information page in its Scholarly Resource Internet Collections.
Internet Scout Project Weekly online publication offering a selection of ew and newly discovered Internet resources.
ipl2: Information You Can Trust. Launched in 2010, this site merges the collections of resources from the Internet Public Library (IPL) and the Librarians' Internet Index (LII) websites." ipl2 is a global information community
that provides in-service learning and volunteer
opportunities for library and information science students and professionals, offers a collaborative research forum, and supports and enhances library services through the provision of authoritative
collections, information assistance, and information instruction for the public."
Jurist Sponsored by the University of Pittsburgh School of Law. Network for law professors links to course outlines, exams, web resources as well s law and book reviews. Legal news links include synopses of U.S. Supreme Court and New York Court of Appeals decisions.
Law Engine! Comprehensive site with links for courts, statutes, law chools and libraries, CLE and ethics information, etc.
'Lectric Law LibraryAmong other items of interest, this site has a law exicon and, one of the largest collections of legal forms on the Web.
Legal Information Institute (LII) Cornell Law School's LII publishes electronic, full text U.S. Supreme Court and N.Y. Court of Appeals decisions, the U.S. Code, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure and the Constitution. Site contains links to legal materials, organized topically and by source that are published elsewhere on the Web.
MoreLaw Collects jury verdicts, settlement reports and selected appellate court opinions from the state and federal courts nationwide. Jury verdicts and settlements can be searched by state, month and year, court, judge, attorney or expert witness name. Hypertext links to the e-mail addresses of attorneys and expert witnesses are at this site as well.
New England Law Library Consortium (NELLCO) Network of academic (ABA accredited law schools), private non-profit, or government law libraries in the Northeast sharing cooperative collection development and resource sharing.
PublicLegal Product of the Internet Legal Research Group (ILRG). Index of 4000+ select, international web sites for academic and professional information.
refdesk.com Serendipitous site with links to news, statistics, directories, fun facts and all kinds of stuff you didn't know you were looking for until you logged on. Includes searchable dictionary, thesaurus, encyclopedia, almanac and Bartlett's quotations.
Re-QUEST dot Net Links to federal and state government sites with resources for legal research, legal forms, law schools and legal employment available at the Government page and resources regarding politics, the arties involved and elections at the Politics page.
ResourceShelf Site includes resources and information websites of interest to librarians and researchers.
Rominger Legal All-encompassing legal research site with federal and state materials as well as legal organizations and directories.
StartSpot Network Gateway to a variety of useful information through its Spot sites. Search LibrarySpot for a wealth of reference material or GovSpot for state or federal government news.
SurfWax General interest source.
USA.gov Contains federal directories and agency listings, as well as a link to the White House home page. Includes information on U.S. Savings Bonds, passports and visas, Social Security, Medicare/Medicaid and veterans benefits.
USASearch Search federal, state, local, tribal, or territorial government website at no cost.
Virtual ChaseOwned and powered by justia.com, this site offers articles, guides and teaching materials to law librarians, instructors of the Internet and the general public.
WashLaw WEB Excellent, comprehensive site from Washburn University School of Law containing numerous links to just about every legal resource imaginable.
WWW Virtual Library - Law "Oldest catalogue of the web, VL was started by Tim Berners-Lee, the creator of HTML and of the Web itself, in 1991 at CERN in Geneva. It is run by ... volunteers, who compile pages of key links for particular areas in which they are expert...the VL pages are widely recognised as being amongst the highest-quality guides to particular sections of the Web."Zimmerman's Research Guide Online encyclopedia for legal researchers created by Andrew Zimmerman. Searchable by keyword or phrase.
Buffalo (New York) Police Department Buffalo's Most Wanted, arrest statistics, department phone numbers and links to other criminal justice sites.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
CopNet Directory of police and criminal justice web sites for all 50 states as well as agencies world-wide.
Criminal Justice Degree Programs
Criminal Justice Online Resources
Erie County Sheriff's Office Department phone and email directories, Most Wanted List and information about the Erie County Holding Center.
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Justice Technology Information Network (JUSTNET) Child of the National Law Enforcement and Correction Technology Center, it shows the latest in cop gear - e.g., reports on the efficacy of new body armor, explosives, contraband detection equipment and "red light" photo enforcement systems.
National Consumers League's Fraud Center (Internet Fraud Watch)Targets telemarketing and Internet fraud, particularly against the elderly and businesses.
New York City Department of Correction
New York City Police Department
Officer.Com A variety of topics of interest to law enforcement officers.
Sex Offender Registries Provides
Sex Offender Registries as well as laws on community notification.
Doctor Finder Sponsored by the American Medical Association, "This online physician locator helps you find a perfect match for your medical needs...[and] provides ... basic professional information on virtually every licensed physician in the United States." Provides links to home pages of state medical boards.
expert4law Directory of experts and consultants, lawyers available for consultation and ADR specialists. Sponsored by the Los Angeles County Bar Association.
ExpertPages.com Listings by specialty, state or country.
LawInfo.com Over 600 categories of expert witnesses and consultants.
National Directory of Expert WitnessesExperts listed in 400 categories.
Zeno's Forensic Site Links to all manner of forensic expertise - forensic sciences, forensic medicine, forensic psychiatry, etc. Encompasses laboratories and individual expert witnesses.
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Full text, current decisions and legal material as well as access to court rules and the Federal Rules of Evidence.
Findlaw Federal Cases US Supreme Court, US Circuit Courts of Appeals, US Trial Courts, federal courts and other entities outside the Judicial Branch.
Supreme Court of the United States Contains docket and court rules, information for visitors and those who wish to plead a case before the nation's highest court, as well as links to bench opinions and term decisions.
United States Supreme Court Collection (LII)Pending cases as well as decisions from May 1990 to present.
United States Tax Court Tax Court opinions and memoranda searchable by petitioner's name, date or judge from September 1995 and summary opinions from January 2001, court forms, rules and fee schedules, plus everything you need to know about the court in plain English.
For other decisions see also:
District of Columbia Circuit (December 1997 -)
Federal Circuit (July 1995 - February 2008, October 2004 - )
First Circuit(January 2000 - )
Second Circuit(January 1995 - )
Third Circuit(May 1994 - )
Fourth Circuit(January 1996 - )
Fifth Circuit(January 1992 - )
Sixth Circuit(July 1999 - )
Seventh Circuit(January 1995 - )
Eighth Circuit(January 1995 - )
Ninth Circuit(January 1995 - )
Tenth Circuit(January 1995 - )
Eleventh Circuit(January 1995
- )
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Code of Federal RegulationsSearchable full text of the CFR provided by the House of Representatives.
Congressional RecordThis searchable, full text database of the official record of the proceedings and debates (1994-present) of the United States Congress includes senatorial speeches and debates.
Constitution of the United States Searchable, full text includes the preamble, articles and sections.
Federal Agencies and Commissions
Federal Agency Directory Complete alphabetical and hierarchical directories posted by the Louisiana State University libraries.
Federal Court Locator Sponsored by Villanova University School of Law, provides information related to the federal judiciary, including court opinions.
Federal Government Resources on the Web University of Michigan Library's Documents Center site has links to bibliographic sources, historic documents, executive orders, directory of agencies and more.
FedLaw Useful site for federal government lawyers and employees or anyone doing federal legal research, plus there's a page of law related "how-to" sites.
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
GPO's Federal Digital System (FDsys formerly GPO Access) Provides public access to government information submitted by Congress and federal agencies. Searchable databases of full text executive and legislative material, such as U.S. Code (1994-), Code of Federal Regulations (1996-), Federal Register (1994-), Congressional Record (1994-) and Public and Private Laws (1995-). Other databases are available such as the Government Information Locator Service and the Catalog of U.S. Government Publications, the finding tool for both historical and current federal publications plus site links where available. Full text of Congressional bills (1993-) and Congressional reports (1995-) and documents (1985-) are accessible as well.
Library of Congress"The nation's library" is the world's largest repository of knowledge. This site has the THOMAS database (current and historical information on the U.S. Congress) and the American Memory Historical Collection (key documents, films, photographs and sound recordings of our nation's history) among other valuable resources.
Meta-Index for U.S. Legal Research Georgia State University College of Law's searchable site for federal law sources, Supreme Court and all Federal Circuit courts, plus U.S. Code and Congressional Record, in full text.
National Security Archive Posted by George Washington University, this is the world's largest non-governmental library of declassified U.S. security documents. Includes full text of the Citizen's Guide on Using the Freedom of Information Act
Republican (G.O.P.) National Committee
Smithsonian Institution "The Nation's attic" holds some 140 million artifacts and specimens, comprised of sixteen museums and galleries and the National Zoo.
Terrorism Law & Policy Devoted to news, laws and legislation about terrorism at home and abroad.
THOMAS This site from Congress offers searchable, full text of the Congressional Record (1989 forward), full text of all bills, public laws and legislation and tracking information about them. Also find committee information and a library of historical documents.
United States Code Maintained on Cornell Legal Information Institute's website as well as the that of the U.S. House of Representatives. The Houses's version is current through 12-20-12. You may also search prior versions, access state statutes, federal regulations and court decisions.
United States Federal Government Agencies Directory Hundreds of government agencies organized by government branches.
USA.gov U.S. government's official web portal.
CourtWEB Online federal court opinions information system.
Federal Court LocatorLinks to all U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals and District Courts web sites, including New York's Eastern, Northern and Southern District Courts. Also provides links to U.S. Bankruptcy Courts. Visit the Hermes Archive of the U.S. Supreme Court at Cornell. Other federal courts include the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, U.S. Court of International Trade. See also such federal judicial agencies as the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, the Federal Judicial Center, the Department of Justice and the U.S. Sentencing Commission.
Federal Judiciary A clearinghouse for information from and about the Judicial Branch of the U.S. Government, this site has links to District and Bankruptcy Courts and offers court fees information and official bankruptcy forms.
Federal Public Defender's Office - Western District of New York Directory of mailing and email addresses and staff telephone numbers as well as form plea agreement and a database of Downward Departures from the Federal Sentencing Guidelines.
Federal, State and Local Courts Directory of federal, state and local courts that maintain sites on the internet.
National Center for State CourtsSite is maintained by the Center, an independent, nonprofit organization committed to the advancement of justice.
NationsCourts.com Offers links to federal and state court websites
Oyez Project U.S. Supreme Court multi-media database. Contains abstracts of key constitutional cases as well as cases sorted by subject, more than 2000 hours of Supreme Court audio, with complete coverage dating back to 1995. Play Oyez Baseball, a continuation of the Law-Baseball Quiz that used to appear in the New York Times.
Supreme Court of the United States
Supreme Court of the United StatesAccess free Supreme Court case law courtesy of the Lexis service dating back to 1790 as well as selected federal and state cases from January 1996. Briefs are available from Findlaw's Supreme Court Center and the Solicitor General (all briefs from July 1998 - present; selected briefs from 1982-96).
United States Attorneys' Manual Word-for-word version of the U.S. Attorneys' Manual. You will, however, need to use a pkunzip function to download.
United States Supreme Court Monitor Resembles
U.S. Law Week in its division into news, decisions, certiorari granted,
etc. News is free. Other links are available by subscription.
A.M. Best - the Insurance Information Source Online ratings for nearly 6,000 insurance companies in the U.S. and abroad. Company profiles and subscriptions available for a fee.
insure.com Consumer insurance
FindLaw Search by topic, law school or journal name.
Hieros GamosRead journals online at this site.
University Law Review ProjectLinks
to general and subject specific online law reviews containing full text
or abstracts.
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
City University of New York (CUNY) School of Law
Complete Guide to Law Schools Rankings by US News, based on two types of data: expert opinion about program quality and statistical indicators that measure the quality of a school's faculty, research, and students.
Cornell University Law School (Legal Information Institute)
Fordham University School of Law
Georgetown University Law CenterProvides major legal gateways and inks to state, federal, and international law.
Harvard Law School A complementary website is HL Central, sponsored by an independent, non-profit corporation comprised entirely of Harvard Law School students.
Hofstra University School of Law
Indiana University School of Law
My Bar Prep Fee-based on-line course developed to make bar examination preparation efficient and economical.
New York Law School New York University School of Law
Peterson's Graduate Programs Search more than 180 law schools, find resources on financing your education as well as LSAT test preparation materials.
St. John's University School of Law
Syracuse University College of Law
University at Buffalo Law School
University of Southern California Law School
Villanova University School of Law
Washburn University School of Law
New York State Attorney DirectoryThe New York State Unified Court System has made this directory available so you can search by attorney name for address and telephone number.
Get Free Legal Forms Free legal documents, legal forms and form letters.
ILRG (Internet Legal Resource Guide) Legal Forms Archive Most basic forms dealing with buying and selling, credit, leases and real estate, family law, transfers and assignments, employment and taxes.
Legal Forms Searchable database of free legal forms, articles
and contract clauses.
Legal Forms (Consultwebs.com) Links to sources of forms rather than the forms themselves.
Legaldocs Prepare customized legal documents directly online.
lexisONE Provides both free and pay forms searchable by topic as well as jurisdiction.
National Labor Relations Board Downloadable NLRB forms 501, 502, 508, 509, 601, 4480 4551, 4701. 4702, 4767 and 5081.
Online Forms Center Click the"Forms" tab for legal, business and government forms.
Uncle Sam, Forms from the FedsA wealth of downloadable forms and publications from federal agencies - all manner of paperwork from the BATF, VA, FCC, HUD, SBA, ERISA, HCFA, HHS, among many others. Of possible interest: passport applications, U.S. Bankruptcy Court forms.
US Legal Forms, Inc. You can order assorted state or federal forms online such as those used in New York for name changes, general litigation, business, adoption and child protection.
Washburn University
Law School (WashLaw Web)Both free and fee based forms.
Includes links to state and federal tax forms and some state
court forms, although none for New York.
Access America Less a gateway to government sources than a bulletin board about changes and updates to such sites.
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)The mission of the ACLU is to preserve and protect first amendment rights (freedom of speech,
religion, etc), right to due process, right to privacy and right to equal protection under the law. Find a discussion of the death penalty, prisoners' rights, women's rights and rights of the poor.
American Memory Gateway to primary sources of U.S. historical and cultural materials.
Americans United for Separation of Church and State Advocates for separation of church and state in the U.S. Congress and state legislatures.
Assessment Ratios for New York StateGeographical listings of equalization rates and residential assessment ratios for county and town. Equalization Rates and Municipal Profiles are available.
Avalon Project at the Yale Law SchoolIf you have ever felt the need to browse historic treaties, charters and trial testimony, browse here for documents from pre-18th century to the present, beginning with Aristotle's Athenian Constitution. Other papers of interest: U.S. treaties with various Indian tribes, documents of the Nuremberg war crimes trials, the Yalta Conference, and the Anglo-American Commission of Inquiry on establishing a Jewish state in Palestine.
BBBOnLine A subsidiary of the Council of Better Business Bureaus, [its] mission is to promote trust and confidence on the Internet. The site covers consumer tips, how to file complaints, how online businesses can apply for BBB privacy and reliability seals. The Code of Online Business Practices is also available.
Bibliomania Classics of fiction, nonfiction and poetry in full, downloadable text.
Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation U.S. Congressional documents and debates, 1774-1873.
Consumer Law PageEmphasis is on law for the pro se plaintiff with links to more than 1,000 government, non-government and law library resources covering defective products, toxic chemicals, medicine, disability, safety, injury prevention, etc.
Copyright Office (U.S.)Obtain application forms, information circulars and factsheets.
Crime Statistics Reports are available from the FBI and the U.S. Department of Justice.
CyberCemetery Provide permanent public access to the web sites and publications of defunct U.S. government agencies and commissions.
Death Penalty Summaries of clinical cases and scholarly articles sponsored by Cornell Law School. The Death Penalty Information Center provides a list of state, national and international organizations dedicated to this topic.
Earthjustice Non-profit law firm advocating for environment, wildlife and public health.
EDGAR Database of corporate information sponsored by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
eHow More than 15,000 how-to's in simple English on almost any topic, from how to research a patent and enforce a trademark to back out of a contract on a home for sale.
Famous TrialsHighly entertaining and informative site maintained by a University of Missouri/Kansas City law professor. When you tire of reading up on such landmark cases as the Scopes and Salem Witch Trials, play a round of Bill of Rights golf or test your knowledge with the Constitutional Trivia quiz based on Jeopardy. If you want to find out where the bodies are buried, check out burial places of famous and not-so-famous literary folk.
Fedstats Statistics from over 100 U.S. Federal agencies.
Firearms Laws The Violence Policy Center, a.k.a. the anti-NRA, keeps an eye on federal gun legislation and the latest products from firearms and ammunition manufacturers. There's a state-by-state listing of gun laws based on the BATF's State Laws and Publications - Firearms, 1998 edition.
Firearms Laws, New York State Quick reference on gun ownership and licensure from the NRA.
Freedom Forum First amendment issues in journalism and education.
Friedman & Ranzenhofer Attorney website featuring articles on various topics including personal injury, estate planning, divorce, landlord/tenant and real estate issues.
Genealogy Has link to Social Security Death Index.
Global Legal Information Network Sponsored by the Law Library of Congress, GLIN is a database of laws, regulations, judicial decisions, and other complementary legal sources contributed by governmental agencies and international organizations.
Immigration Portal (Immigration Lawyers on the Web)
InterNet Bankruptcy Library Searchable full text covering many aspects of bankruptcy. Includes online directories of bankruptcy clerks.
Internet Prospector Reference DeskAimed at non-profit fundraisers, The Prospector reports on prospect research sources related to Corporations, Foundations/Grants, International, News Online, People, Tools, etc.
Introduction to Basic Legal CitationHypertext reference to 2003 edition of Cornell Professor Peter W. Martin's primer. Based on the 18th edition of the Bluebook, it's an introduction for beginners and a refresher for more experienced legal scholars.
Jerry Capeci's Gang Land "Real Stuff about Organized Crime" by former New York Daily News columnist Jerry Capeci. Now the Director of Communications at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Capeci publishes this weekly online column.
Jurist Authoritative legal news and real-time legal research website produced for the legal education of its readers and law student staffers. Concentrates on substantive legal issues with significant social and jurisprudential implications with emphasis on quickly locating and presenting primary source materials such as judicial decisions, legislation, testimony, reports and releases.
LawForKids.org Even though this web site is a product of the Arizona Bar Association targeted to the youth of that state, you may care to inspect this snappy looking, kid friendly approach to such topics as drivers' licenses, underage drinking, tobacco possession, truancy, curfews, and other aspects of juvenile justice.
LawLibraries.com Code and case law reference library. Goal is to provide clients with the best possible tools to transform information to knowledge. LawLibraries is a browser-based subscription service for the legal community stocked with thousands of laws, opinions, rules, forms and other legal resources that can be searched, viewed, printed and downloaded from any web browser.
Legal Dictionary Legal words, phrases and terms.
Legal Encyclopedia Links for a variety of legal areas; annotations for topics.
Legal Ethics Comprehensive library of codes and rules for attorney conduct. The New York State listing includes links to the Lawyer's Code of Professional Responsibility, rules of conduct for the Appellate Division First and Second, disciplinary procedures, New York State Bar Association ethics opinions and rules for judicial conduct.
Legal Terminology Online monolingual, bilingual and multilingual glossaries of legal terms, including Bernstein's Dictionary of Bankruptcy Terminology, Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary, Law.com Dictionary, Glossary of Legal Terms and Personal Injury Terms.
LegalSurvival.com This sites features a quarterly online newsletter, online bookstore, law FAQs, legal checklists, prepaid legal plans, an attorney locator, attorney marketing services, and useful forms. Legal Links and Resources provides information on a variety of topics including divorce, DWI/traffic, estate planning, etc.
Mediate.com Articles and an international directory of mediators searchable by name, location and area of practice.
My Bar Prep Fee-based on-line course developed to make bar examination preparation efficient and economical.
National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
Opensecrets.org A guide to the money in U.S. elections - who's giving and who's getting.
Political Money Line Search by name or zip code to find out who the big political contributors are in your neighborhood, which candidates they support and what their line of work is. Covers 1980-2006 election cycles.
probono.net The mission of Pro Bono Net is simple. First, use information technology to increase the amount and quality of legal services provided to low-income individuals and communities by the public interest/pro bono lawyers. Second, create a virtual community of public interest lawyers that bridges private, legal services and academic sectors of the profession and that serves as a model for similar networks in other legal communities.
Project Vote Smart Recommended for reliable, political information.
Public Advocate for the City of New York
Public International LawAnnotated links to Internet sites dealing with human rights, the UN, war and peace, crime and the international courts.
Securities Class Action Clearinghouse (Stanford Law School)
Smoking Gun Lurid accounts of bizarre cases based (they claim) on court documents and government files. Much more than you ever wanted to know about the peccadilloes of pols, celebs and others in the limelight.
Southern Poverty Law CenterSite includes Klanwatch, information about hate groups and hate crimes litigation.
Terrorism and Terrorists Devoted to news, laws and legislation about terrorism at home and abroad.
TnCrimLaw (Tennessee Criminal Law Defense Resources) Provides links to Federal and all 50 states laws as well as a variety of legal topics.
Uniform Crime Reports Crime and justice statistics compiled by the FBI.
Vehicle Crash DataSponsored by the Insurance Institute of Highway Safety For auto safety information with comprehensive listing of international crash-test results and insurance risk data, go to crashtest.com
Violence Policy Center Research, analysis and advocacy for effective general policy.
Western New York Law Center News, views and job openings in the local legal community plus a link to more than 1,000 decisions in the Great Upstate Law Project's Fair Hearing Bank.
Wex Sponsored by the Legal Information Institute at the Cornell Law School, Wex is a freely available legal dictionary and encyclopedia designed to help people understand the law.
American Association of Law Libraries
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
American Judges AssociationAJA publications online include Benchmark, Court Review and full text of "Domestic Violence and the Courtroom".
Asian American Bar Association of New York
Association of Corporate Counsel (ACC) Serves the professional needs of attorneys who practice in the legal departments of corporations and other private sector organizations worldwide.
Association of Legal Administrators
Bar Association of Erie County
NALS (National Association of Legal Secretaries)
National Association of Attorneys General
National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA)
National Association of Professional Process Servers (NAPPS)
National District Attorneys Association (NDAA)
National Federation of Paralegal Associations (NFPA)
New York City Bar (Association of the Bar of the City of New York)
New York County Lawyers' Association
New York State Bar AssociationFull text of the Lawyer's Code of Professional Responsibility, the Code of Judicial Conduct, index and digest of Committee on Professional Ethics Opinions and the Guide to Attorney Disciplinary Procedures in New York State.
New York State Defenders Association
New York State Professional Process Servers Association (NYSPPSA)
New York State Trial Lawyers Association (NYSTLA)
Public Justice This consumer advocate group's site provides information about a variety of class actions, from toxic torts to discrimination and makes briefs available.
United States Process Servers Association
Women's Bar Association of the State of New York
AcqWeb International directory of publishers and vendors.
Alert Publications Publisher of Legal Information Alert and Research Advisor newsletters for attorneys, law librarians and paralegals.
American Law Institute-American Bar Association (ALI-ABA). Committee on Continuing Professional EducationLists committee's periodicals, books, video and audio cassettes with order information; includes articles database.
American National Standards Institute
Anderson Publishing Publisher of such legal treatises as New York Evidence Courtroom Manual and federal practice guides.
Aspen PublishersPurveyors of treatises on pension and employee benefits, antitrust and securities regulation.
BNA Online bookstore for an extensive collection of books, CD-ROMs in tax, health care, environment and human resources law. Access BNA's Labor Relations Reporter Index and Table of Cases online.
BRB PublicationsPublisher of The Sourcebook of Local Court and County Record Retrievers and a link to the Public Record Retriever Network (which includes Paralegal Services of Buffalo), searchable by state cGould Publicationsurrently and soon by county.
CCH Gateway to CCH product line of tax materials (which can be ordered online). Shop online for such legal publications as "New York Search and Seizure".
National Conference of State Legislatures Covers the 50 states - national issues affecting them, partisan composition of the respective governing bodies, session schedules, rules, term limits, members' directories and statistics.
NOLO Do-it-yourself law publisher which offers 50+ downloadable e-products books (guides and forms) for a fee.
Practicing Law Institute (PLI) Treatises on banking, business, estate planning/elder law, immigration, intellectual property, litigation and taxation.
VerdictSearch Formerly the "New York Jury Verdict Reporter", VerdictSearch New York is available in print by paid subscription.
WANT PublishingYour Nation's Courts home page, including fee-based online directories of state and federal courts.
West LegalEdcenter Current collection of CLE programs, live webcasts and video/audio programs.
William S. HeinYou can order Hein publications,
claim missing pages and get information about binding services.
Legal Process Explains how a Congressional bill becomes a law, with related links.
Legal Research Using the Internet Law librarian's guide, with many links.
Research Guides and Videos Boston College Law Library's guide designed to teach users how to find and understand legal materials.
Uncle Sam - Brief Guide to Citing Government Publications
Amherst, Town ofClick on Government for a directory of Town offices, agendas for Town board meetings and a growing archive of Town board meeting minutes. Town Code is also available.
Buffalo, City ofIncludes text of city charter. Other City of Buffalo departments and agencies include the Common Council, City Comptroller, and Police.
Cattaraugus CountyCounty maps, legislative directory with committee assignments and link to Sheriff's Department.
Erie CountyLink to the site for the county charter and county administrative code. Includes recent local laws. Other County of Erie departments and agencies include District Attorney, Sheriff's Office, County Clerk and the County Comptroller.
General Code PublishersAccess full-text (and up-to-date) codes for more than 100 New York counties, cities, towns, and villages, and over 70 cities, boroughs, and townships in New Jersey. These include:
Village of
Albion, City of
Amherst, Town of
Aurora, Town of
Batavia, City of
Batavia, Town of
Buffalo, City of
Cheektowaga, Town of
Clarence, Town of
Concord, Town of
Depew, Village of
Eden, Town of
Evans, Town of
Hamburg, Village of
Lackawanna, City of
Lancaster, Town of
Lockport, Town of
Marilla, Town of
Niagara, Town of
Olean, City of
Springville, Village of
Rochester, City of
Tonawanda, Town of
West Seneca, Town of
Municipal CodesSeattle Public Library site links to city and county codes available on the World Wide Web.
National Association of Counties
New York City The official New York City website. Other New York City departments and agencies include: Comptroller, City Council, Department of Correction, Police and Public Advocate.
New York City Charter and Administrative Code In order to view online versions of the New York City Charter and Administrative Code, begin at the New York State Legislature. Click on the "Laws of New York." Then scroll down to the bottom of the list to the "Miscellaneous Section."
New York State Association of Counties
Rochester, City of Includes text of City Code and Charter.
Consolidated/Unconsolidated Laws Visit the State Assembly's page or the State Senate's page for links to the State Constitution, State Consolidated Laws, Unconsolidated Laws and search the site for New York State chapter law for the current year.
Criminal Jury Instructions, 2d The instructions do not all have footnotes (they're being added) but are the most recent.
Erie County Family Court Useful site with information for filing of petitions. Downloadable Family Court forms, filing how-tos and a court telephone directory.
New York Official Reports Maintained by the Law Reporting Bureau, researchers will find New York slip decisions from the Court of Appeals, all four Appellate Divisions, reported trials, as well as online searching of the Official Reports 2d series. The latter is available by subscription or credit card payment.
New York State Appellate Division Decisions Features a six-month archive of the latest decisions from the four New York State Appellate Divisions.
New York State Appellate Division, First Department
New York State Appellate Division, Second Department
New York State Appellate Division, Third Department
New York State Appellate Division, Fourth Department In addition to the Court's decisions (February 2000-present), the site contains information concerning the Justices and staff and events involving them, the Court's Rules of Practice, Disciplinary Rules, Court Calendars, Bar Admissions, the Appellate Division Law Library, and the Court's Auxiliary Agencies.
New York State Court of Appeals Contains the State's highest court's calendar, rules of court, directions, judges' profiles and the most recent annual report. The Court's most recent decisions (January 2008-present) are here and available the day of their release to the general public. Earlier decisions (October 2003-present) are available on the NYS Law Reporting Bureau site.
New York State Court of Appeals Decisions. Sponsored by Cornell's Legal Information Institute (LII), recent decisions are available as well as an archive of decisions from 1990-2006 listed by date and party name. There is also a topical index to decisions since 1993.
New York State Court of Claims News of the State of New York's sole forum for civil litigation seeking damages from the State. The MacLaw online database contains decisions from March 2000 through the present.
New York State Supreme Court Civil Branch New York County (First Judicial District) Includes uniform rules of the New York County Justices as well as basic forms such as Request for Judicial Intervention (RJI), preliminary conference orders and protocols.
New York State Supreme Court Criminal Term New York County First Judicial District Directory of departments, courtrooms and judges as well as a calendar of court terms, a glossary of legal terms and such FAQs as posting bail, getting an attorney and obtaining court records and rap sheets.
New York State Supreme Court Library/Buffalo (Eighth Judicial District)
New York State Unified Court SystemThis directory site of the state's courts provides updates of court rules, links to New York bar associations, and downloadable court forms. Also link from this site to Criminal Jury Instructions 2d, New York State Attorney Directory and the new New York State Law Reporting Bureau site for slip decisions from the Court of Appeals and the four Appellate Divisions.
Welcome to CourtHelp! Excellent resource for the self-represented. Includes a guide
to the courts, a glossary of
legal terms, public access law
libraries, court address/phone
directory, plus court forms to
New York StateVisit the state's web site to link to the Governor's home page and to a useful site with links to state departments, agencies and commissions.
New York State & Local Government on the Net Contains links to agency, municipality and library sites.
New York State Attorney General
New York State Banking Department
New York State Board of Elections
New York State Board of Law Examiners
New York State Bureau of Labor Statistics
New York State Committee on Open Government This site provides links to Freedom of Information Law Advisory opinions as well as Open Meetings Law Advisory opinions.
New York State Consumer Protection Division
New York State Department of Civil Service
New York State Department of Correctional Services Provides inmate information through a lookup link. [Please note: DOCS advises not to provide inmate information to another inmate; such data is considered contraband.]
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation For quick reference, an uncertified version of Title 6 NYCRR (Environmental Conservation) is available as well as Commissioner's decisions, orders and opinions.
New York State Department of Family Assistance(formerly Department of Social Services) Site for Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance and Children and Family Services includes information on child support, child protective and adoptive services (with state's pioneering online photolisting of kids in foster care who are eligible for adoption) and disability determinations.
New York State Dept. of Financial Services - Insurance
New York State Department of Health
New York State Department of Labor
New York State Department of Motor VehiclesDownloadable forms for driver/vehicle record requests, statements of ownership, registration/title applications, requests for copies of accident reports, visual acuity reports, applications for handicapped parking permits and title replacement are just some of those available.
New York State Department of State Searchable Corporation and Business Entity database, as well as Licensing Registrants database in which you can look up private investigators, notaries, security guards and real estate brokers/salespeople by ID number, name or business name.
New York State Department of Taxation and FinanceTax information, forms and instructions, with tax rate tables, for the Empire State's various taxes as well as site for electronic filers and link to IRS. Can also review Technical Services Bureau memoranda and advisory opinions from 1993 to the present.
New York State Department of Transportation
New York State Division of Housing and Community Renewal
New York State Division of Human Rights
New York State Division of Parole This site provides information on Jenna's Law, Megan's Law as well as the complete text of the New York State Parole Handbook.
New York State Division of the Budget
New York State Education Department
New York State Government Information Locator ServiceSingle point of access to information services provided by New York State Government agencies, the State Legislature and the Judiciary.
New York State "I LOVE New York"
New York State Law Reporting Bureau
New York State LibraryContains excellent tutorial on how to research New York legislative history and an online catalog of state government documents. Check the New York State Document Depository Program.
New York State Office of Professional Medical Conduct
New York State Office of Real Property Services
New York State Office of the Attorney General Opinions (1995-present) are available.
New York State Office of the Comptroller Current opinions (1994-present) are available as well as those archived (1988-1993).
New York State Office of the Governor
New York State Office of Unclaimed Funds Searchable database of unclaimed funds held by the State Comptroller.
New York State Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
New York State Public Employment Relations Board Decisions are available.
New York State Public Service Commission Reports, opinions, orders, rules and regulations are available.
New York State Statistics Presented by the Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government, this website is designed to provide extensive statistical information about New York State and its people. It contains information covering demographics, economics, elections, government finance, public safety, housing, education, health, energy, and much more. Similar statistics are available from the U.S. Census Bureau.
New York State Thruway Authority
New York State Unified Court System
New York State Women's Advisory Committee
New York State Workers' Compensation Board
FindLaw Legal NewsU.S. and international legal news, updated throughout the day and organized by topic, with story summaries and a list of related resources. Sections on cyberspace law, the Supreme Court, the Justice Department, plus full text of new Supreme Court and federal circuit courts' decisions as well as links to other law and news sources.
International Herald TribuneProvides the broader business perspective on world events every day.
Law.com Combines features from the former Law News Network, including the link to New York Law Journal. Capsules of breaking legal news with links to full text.
Legal Times Legal news online from Washington, D.C.
MSNBC Customize the homepage by adding your zip code to get your local news, weather and sports in
addition to MSNBC headlines.
National Journal Most links available by subscription.
New York Law Journal Some links available by subscription.
NewsDirectory.com 20,000+ links to English language, foreign and national newspapers, magazines and TV broadcasters.
NewsLink Directory of links to newspapers and news magazines worldwide with full or partial coverage, and to US radio/TV sites. Has a search by city/state feature.
Salon.com Includes News, Politics, Technology & Business, Arts & Entertainment, etc.
Televisions News Archive Vanderbilt University maintains this archive of ideos of network news telecasts from 1968, special reports and Nightline since 1989, which you can arrange to borrow for a modest fee.
The NationThe Nation is independent of any party, sect, or body and critically discusses political and social questions.
United Press International (UPI)
Rochester Democrat and Chronicle
AllTheWeb.com "All the web, all the time," and so it is! Plus, you can search in any language.
Ask.com Human-powered search service that aims to direct you to the exact page that answers your question.
Dogpile Mega search engine that combs several other search engines simultaneously.
FindLaw Links to practice area resources, case law, codes, legal associations, law reviews, plus LawCrawler, a search engine for legal research, with search options for state, national and international sources. Supreme Court opinions (from1893), all federal circuit opinions, daily legal news, free web pages and e-mail for lawyers. Go to New York's legal resource page for state-specific information.
GeniusfindThousands of topic-specific search engines and web sites in one point-and-click format.
Google Very accurate and fast, this search engine (created by Stanford graduate students) rates every web site on the number of other sites that link to it.
LawGuru.com Over 500+ legal search engines, tools and databases including the LawGuru.com ---BBS database where you can search for answers to your legal questions, by state or subject. This site also has the Internet Law Library and information on 600 associated electronic mailing lists.
Corporate/Securities | Criminal | DWI | Elder | Employment/Labor | Entertainment/Media | Family | First Amendment (Freedom of Speech/Expression) | Health Care | Immigration | Indian | Internet Penal/Prison | Products Liability | Tax | Trial Practice
Antitrust Resources An online resource for researching policy and cases on such topics as mergers, price fixing and vertical restraints.
Corporate Information National and international corporate profiles searchable by name, industry, country or state. Profiles include company description, analysis of competitors, recent stock performance and dividends. Also features a currency rate calculator.
Securities Lawyer's Deskbook Sponsored by the University of Cincinnati College of Law, this site features links to the Securities Acts of 1933, the Investment Company Act of 1940, SEC forms, general rules and regulations as well as those pertaining to Electronic Filing (S-T).
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ACLU Criminal Justice News of American Civil Liberties Union's campaigns for due process and equal treatment and against search and seizure and the death penalty.
American Bar Association, Criminal Justice Section Access to the text of the ABA's criminal justice standards.
Buffalo Criminal Law Center University at Buffalo Law School provides a compilation of links to New York and federal criminal and penal law including the Center's new Buffalo Criminal Law Review.
Cornell Death Penalty Project Summaries of successful cases and claims as well as studies and compilations of the 50 states' death penalty statutes with decisions.
Crimelynx Well organized site for the criminal defense practitioner divided into Legal Resource Center and Criminal Justice Center.
Criminal Procedure Federal and state sources from Cornell's Legal Information Institute. An overview of criminal law is also available.
Criminal Justice National and international criminal justice sites.
Florida State University College of Criminology and Criminal Justice Provides criminal justice links to sites dealing with juvenile delinquency, drug and alcohol information, corrections, etc.
John Jay College of Criminal JusticeProvides links to criminal justice agencies and related topical materials.
Justice Research and Statistics Association (JSRA) Easy access to the Infobase of State Activities and Research (DSAR).
National Archive of Criminal Justice Data Includes statistics from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Institute of Justice, Federal Judicial Center, FBI, Urban Institute and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) Abstracts database which covers corrections, courts, prevention, statistics, drugs, juvenile crime, victims' rights, etc.
National Legal Aid & Defender Association
Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics Online
United States Sentencing Commission Full text of 2010 Federal Sentencing Guidelines Manual and its amendments as well as previous editions and Federal Register notices pertaining to the Commission.
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California DUI Lawyers Resource Center Lawrence Taylor, nationally recognized as a leading authority on DUI/DWI litigation in the United States, links to several useful sites, including a downloadable accident reconstruction calculator, lists of expert witnesses, how to estimate blood-alcohol level and excerpts from Taylor's own Drunk Driving Defense, 5th ed.
Drink Wheel The manufacturer provides a free interactive form to compute blood/breath alcohol concentration.
Drunk Driving Defense.com The site of Atlanta attorney William C. Head links to DWI counsel in 50 states, demonstrates how to calculate blood alcohol level and offers a free online case evaluation.
National College of DUI Defense, Inc. Dedicated to the improvement of the criminal defense bar and to the dissemination of information to the public about DUI Defense Law. Links to subjects such as breath test devices, calculate your BAC and DUI laws in all 50 states.
NY DWI.com Site of the law firm Fiandach and Fiandach, a New York DWI defense firm. Ed Fiandach has authored Handling Drunk Driving Cases, 2d and New York Driving While Intoxicated, 2d. There are seven Q & A sections on such topics as Breathalyzer and blood testing, drivers license revocation and suspension and a range of DWI misdemeanors and felonies.
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AARP Site of the nation's largest and most influential group for seniors.
Benefits Link Site supports those who design and run private and government employee benefit plans. Also provides links to employee benefits plan topics and news as well as links to ERISA, Internal Revenue Code, benefits cases, Congressional Record and Federal Register.
Center for Medicare Advocacy, Inc. Nonprofit group of attorneys represents elders and individuals with disabilities in appeals of Medicare denials. Free for Connecticut residents, fee-based for others.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Commission on Law and Aging (ABA) Legislative updates on issues of aging, links to related sites and downloadable publications.
Elder Law and Aging This home page links to information on gerontology, Alzheimer's and government programs for the elderly.
Geriatrics: Medicine for Midlife and Beyond A variety of topics as well as issues of the publication are available.
Medicaid, State Sites Direct links to the 50 states as well as to other Medicaid-related sites.
Medicare The official U.S. government site for Medicare information.
Medicare Rights CenterContains self-help pamphlets, newsletters and links to other organizations on Medicare and aging.
National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys, Inc.
National Institute on Aging (NIA) Health information for seniors, news of NIA research and a link to NIH.
National Senior Citizens Law Center Nonprofit group advocates for low-income elders with emphasis on women and minorities.
Nursing Home Compare Detailed information about every Medicare- and Medicaid-certified nursing home in the US from the Department of Health and Human Services.
Planning Seminar for the Florida Snowbird Elder-oriented guide to New York/Florida changes of domicile requirements. Site is maintained by a member of the New York and Florida bars.
Senior Citizens' Resources Provides quick links to agencies dealing with health, education and training, consumer protection, etc
SeniorLaw Home Page Information on Medicare/Medicaid, guide to estate planning and elder law resources and elder law specialists on the Web.
Social Security Online Official site of the U.S. Social Security Administration.
Uniform Probate Code Locator Text of state statutes on probate matters.
National Council for Aging Care
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American Arbitration Association
BLR, Business & Legal ReportsAssists human resources professionals with legal compliance and support resources.
Employment and Disability Sponsored by Cornell's School of Industrial and Labor Relations.
Employment Law Sponsored by Cornell's Legal Information Institute.
Employment Law and Policy Selected Internet resources, sponsored by St. Louis University, School of Law. Broad list of links to state and federal sources, including summaries of recent BNA Labor Relations Reporter decisions.
HR Policy Association The Association of Senior Human Resource Executives.
Labor Law Sponsored by Cornell's Legal Information Institute.
LaborNet Founded in 1991 to build a democratic communication network for the labor movement, this site provides links to FAIR (Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting) and Mother Jones Online.
National Employment Lawyers Association (NELA)Includes summaries of employment law cases from the group's newsletter.
New York State Workers' Compensation Board Find forms, relevant laws, rules and regulations, links to cases as well as information for employers and injured workers.
United States Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States Department of Labor
United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
United States Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA)
United States National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
United States Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA)
United States Occupational Safety & Health Review Commission
Workers' Compensation
Agencies (50 states and Washington, DC) North Carolina Industrial
Commission posts this page which links to state, federal and
territorial agencies.
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International Entertainment, Multimedia & Intellectual Property Law and Business Network Site is designed as a central reference point for helpful information to entertainment, multimedia, intellectual property and online professionals along with international links to professional, legal and business services. Features "Contract of the Month" as well as a calendar of international film festivals and their websites.
Media Center Statutes, cases, scholarly
papers in fields of communication, information and media law from
New York Law School.
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Adoption.org Information and chat groups for birth parents, adoptees and adoptive parents with a summary of state adoption laws and lists of attorneys who assist with adoptions.
American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers
American Bar Association Center on Children and the Law
American Bar Association Commission on Domestic Violence
American Bar Association Family Law Section
DivorceNet Family law site encompassing divorce, child support, custody, alimony and visitation issues. Includes a state-by-state guide.
divorceSource.com State guidebooks and prepared forms with instructions, finance calculators and attorney listings for the do-it-yourselfer.
Eastern Regional Interstate Child Support Enforcement Association (ERICSA)
Federal Office of Child Support Enforcement
Klaaskids Foundation Established in 1994, the Foundation's mission is to stop crimes against children. Provides information regarding the Amber Plan, a missing child response program and Megan's Law, America's first law authorizing public notification when dangerous sex offenders are released into the community.
National Child Support This is a for-profit collections site aimed at parents seeking support payments.
National Child Support Enforcement Association
New York Divorce and Family Law Sponsored by Joel R. Brandes, this site discusses such topics as adoption, child support and visitation, child abuse and domestic violence..
Support Guidelines.com Comprehensive resources for the interpretation and application of child support guidelines in the United States.
Uniform Matrimonial and Family Laws Locator Text of state statutes on marital property, adoption, divorce, custody, support, paternity and more.
United States Department
of State. Office of Children's Issues Responsible for coordinating policies and providing information about international
adoption and international parental child abduction.
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First Amendment (Freedom of Speech/Expression)
American Civil Liberties UnionSource dealing with constitutional issues, from Church and State to Death Penalty, to Free Speech and Workplace Rights, plus links to "in Congress" and "in the Courts" pages featuring ACLU's presence there.
American Library Association Office for Intellectual Freedom Provides information on Intellectual Freedom as well as the text of the First Amendment. Findlaw's First Amendment Annotations Expanded, as well as selected U.S. Supreme Court decisions. See also the link to Lawyers for Libraries, an ALA program which trains attorneys to defend librarians and library trustees in matters of censorship. See also the page of the ALA's Freedom to Read Foundation.
American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE)
Center for Democracy & Technology Public-interest coalition of attorneys, computer gurus and other information specialists. "Works to promote democratic values and constitutional liberties in the digital age." The group addresses issues of free speech, terrorism, consumer privacy, Internet standards, access to government information and more, with links to federal legislation affecting the Net and full text of center publications.
Center for Digital Democracy Web site of a nonprofit watchdog organization that works "to ensure that digital media systems serve the public interest."
Center for Public Integrity The Center, affiliated with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, marries political science and investigative reporting in its books, studies and newsletters, operating without the constraints of deadline pressure.
Common Cause Nonpartisan, nonprofit advocacy organization which acts as a vehicle for citizens to make their voices heard in the political process and to hold their elected leaders accountable to the public interest.
FAIR (Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting) National media watch group on the lookout for media bias and censorship with stories-behind-the-stories and contrarian takes on major news events.
First Amendment Handbook Sponsored by the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, this site provides everything working journalists and their readers need to know about libel, invasion of privacy, surreptitious recording, confidential sources and information, prior restraints, gag orders, access to the courts, access to places, Freedom of Information acts and copyright. As one might expect of professional journalists, it's crisply written and complete, with footnotes to cited cases.
Freedom of Speech in the United States 2009 update to the 6th edition by Thomas L. Tedford, professor emeritus of Communication at University of North Carolina/Greensboro and Dale A. Herbeck, chairman of the Boston College Communication Department. Links to free-speech advocacy groups, landmark free-speech/free-expression court decisions and documents.
Heritage FoundationResearch and educational institute whose mission is to formulate and promote conservative public policies based on the principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values and a strong national defense.
Hudson Institute A non-partisan policy research organization dedicated to innovative research and analysis that promotes global security, prosperity and freedom.
Investigative Reporters and Editors The Freedom of Information and First Amendment Center provides useful FOIA links.
National Freedom of Information Coalition Reference and research library on the campus of the University of Missouri/Columbia serves public and working press on questions relating to access to government documents and information. Provides information on First Amendment news, legal research and writing as well as federal and state Freedom of Information case law.
On the Docket Citizens' portal to cases under consideration by the U.S. Supreme Court. Project of Northwestern's Medill School of Journalism in conjunction with the Oyez Project.
Society of Professional Journalists The society is "dedicated to the perpetuation of a free press as the cornerstone of our nation and our liberty." The full text of the Society's handbook, "Open Doors: Accessing Government Records" is available.
Thomas Jefferson Center for
the Protection of Free Expression The non-profit, autonomous
center with close ties to the University of Virginia is "devoted
solely to free expression in all its forms," whether in
education, the media or the arts.
to Specialized Areas of Law
Achoo Gateway to healthcare sites, including Medline, the Merck Manual, etc.
American Dental Association (ADA)
American Health Lawyers Association (AHLA)
Bioethics.net Introduction to bioethics with lists of journals and resources. Includes full text of the current issue of the American Journal of Bioethics.
Hardin MD: The Medical Information Hub Catalog of health-related sites.
Health Law Studies St. Louis University Law School Center for Health Law Studies offers easy access to health law sites, agencies and journals. See also health law sites by topic for some helpful hints.
Medical Malpractice Law (Summary) Site posted by Chicago firm of McCullough, Campbell & Lane offers an index of medical malpractice laws in the 50 states and District of Columbia with hypertext links to topics for each. New York, for example, covers such issues as statutes of limitations, joint and several liability, expert testimony, damage caps and pre-judgment interest.
Medscape Searchable databases of multi-specialty medical journals with links to Medline, AIDSline, Toxline, DrugSearch and an online medical dictionary.
ModernHealthcare.comWeekly business news for healthier management.
National Health Law ProgramHealth law advocacy for low income families.
National Library of Medicine Most valuable resource is the ability to search MedLine, a free database of citations and abstracts from some 3,900 medical journals. Also provides link to MedlinePlus Which provides information on health care issues.
National Practitioner Data Bank / Healthcare Integrity and Protection Data Bank NPDB is a central repository of information on physicians, surgeons, dentists and other healthcare professionals which lists medical malpractice suits as well as adverse licensure, clinic privilege and professional member actions. HIPDB deals with fraud and abuse issues.
New York State Office of Professional Medical Conduct (OPMC) Searchable by physician's name or license number, this site provides information on any doctor who has been found guilty of medical malpractice or any other professional misconduct dating back to 1990.
RxList: The Internet Drug Index Extensive information on prescription and over-the-counter drugs.
WebMD Provides a range of information, transaction and technology solutions that help consumers, physicians, providers and health plans navigate the complexity of the healthcare system
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American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA)
American Immigration Resources on the Internet Links to information on U.S. laws, regulations and procedures.
asylumlaw.org Sponsored by an international consortium of agencies that help asylum seekers in Australia, Canada, the United States and several countries in Europe.
FAIR (Federation for American Immigration Reform) Activist group which seeks a moratorium on all "mass immigration" save for spouses and children of U.S. citizens and a limited number of refugees.
Immigration Superhighway Quick-click such topics as foreign student and Cuban immigration issues, family reunification, visas for foreign investors, etc. Forms and articles also available.
United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor Country Reports on Human Rights Practices are available from 1999-present, the starting point for most immigration judges and INS asylum officers.
United States Citizenship and Immigration Services Includes a link to Forms, Fees and Fingerprints.
United States Executive Office for Immigration Review Includes Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) Decisions from 1976-present.
Visa Bulletin (United States
Department of State)
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Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties Searchable volumes of treaties from 1778 and laws from 1971.
Indian Law Overview of Indian laws by the Legal Information Institute with links to pertinent federal laws, state appellate cases and tribal courts.
National Indian Law Library Catalog of tribal documents, treaties, U.S. administrative documents and selected decisions.
National Tribal Justice Resource CenterSite dedicated to tribal justice systems and serves as a clearinghouse of information for Native American and Alaska Native tribal courts.
Native American Law: Research Links Sponsored by the New England School of Law, this site provides links to full text articles, e-journals on tribal law, direct links to treaties and seminal Supreme Court cases. Through this website, users may also access Other Aboriginal or Indigenous Peoples' Sites.
Native American Legal Resources Direct link to the Native American Constitution and Law Digitalization Project containing full text of tribal documents.
Native American Nations Alphabetical listing of tribes and nations with links to their home pages.
Native American Resources on the Internet Links to legal and government issues (such as gaming) as well as matters of language, culture, history and Native American Nations.
Native American Rights Fund Updates on legal review issues and cases.
Native American Web Site of the Native American Law project with links to the Native American Legal Materials Microfiche Collection, government agencies, tribes and other library collections.
Native Web (Resources for Indigenous Cultures around the World) News of Native American
matters with a substantial database of law and legal issues.
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Cyberspace Law Sponsored by the University of Pittsburgh School of Law. Comprehensive research site with links to books, law reviews, cases, legislation and course pages.
DennisKennedy.com Owned by Internet law specialist Dennis Kennedy, this site is an excellent source for attorneys looking to bone up on cyberspace law and e-commerce.
Internet Library of Law & Court DecisionsThe firm of Phillips Nizer LLP provides links to over 400 decisions and legislation dealing with encryption, intellectual property, privacy, spamming matters and much more.
LegalEthics.com Emphasis is on the
ethical integration of the Internet into the practice of law. The site's "Internet Legal Services" is a guide to legal resources for lawyers. Users select a category such as courts, ethics or practice areas and then a topic within that category.
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Erie County Assigned Counsel
Program Site of the Erie County Bar Association's Aid
to Indigent Prisoners Society, which provides an overview of
the group's work and a synopsis of local justice court opinions.
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Consumer Law Page Emphasis is on law for the pro se plaintiff with links to more than 1,000 government, non-government and law library resources covering defective products, toxic chemicals, medicine, disability, safety and injury prevention.
Products Liability Law Sponsored by Wex, a product of the Legal Information Institute at the Cornell Law School. Site provides an overview of the topics as well as links to state and federal material.
Tort Law Compiled by HierosGamos, this comprehensive site includes statutes and cases, links to government sites and on-line journals.
United States Consumer Product Safety Commission
United States Federal Trade Commission
United States Food and Drug Administration
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1040.com State and federal tax forms; state tax agency addresses; full text of new tax legislation.
Income Tax Forms and Resources Columbia University site providing federal, state and New York City forms and instructions plus links to popular tax guides.
Tax Law Compiled by Findlaw, this site links to tax cases, codes and forms as well as commentaries and treatises.
Tax Master Gateway to multitude of tax sites plus full coverage of the flat tax.
Tax Regulations (Code of Federal Regulations: Title 26)
Taxes Yahoo finanace provides how-to guides, calculators and tax-related articles.
United States Internal Revenue Service
United States Tax Code On-Line (searchable text)
United States Tax Court Current and historical opinions, forms, court rules and fee schedules. Search Opinions (Tax Court and Memoranda starting 9-25-95; Summary Opinions starting 01/01/01) by case name, judge and release date.
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Court Rules, Forms and Dockets Search more than 1400 sources for state and federal court rules, forms and dockets by keyword, jurisdiction or state.
Litigation Compiled by Findlaw, this site links to government agencies, documents and
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How to Use the Context
Inquiry Question
While the beauty of St. Anthony Falls attracted explorers and tourists as early as the 1700s, it was the fur trade that initially brought European-American settlers to this remote area and it was the power of the falls that made them stay in the area that would become Minneapolis, Minnesota. They knew they could use the weight of the falling water to turn waterwheels that, in turn, used a variety of shafts, belts, and pulleys to operate saws initially for timber milling until flour milling gradually took over. The Falls came under U.S. control with the Pike Treaty of 1805 when the Sioux Nation granted the United States, for the purpose of the establishment of military posts, nine miles square at the mouth of the river St. Croix, also from below the confluence of the Mississippi and St. Peters, up the Mississippi, to include the falls of St. Anthony, extending nine miles on each side of the river. In 1819, the U.S. Army 5th Regiment of Infantry arrived at the junction of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers to build the northwest link in this chain of forts and agencies. Here, where traffic could be controlled on two major rivers, Fort Snelling was completed in 1825 on the west side of the Mississippi River. In 1838 the east side of the river was opened for European-American settlement. Franklin Steele, a storekeeper from Fort Snelling, was first on the scene. Staking out his claim for about one-half mile of east-side shore land, Steele soon controlled half the waterpower at St. Anthony Falls.
In 1849 Robert Smith, a Congressman from Illinois, acquired a mill site on the west side of the Mississippi. In 1851 the west side was opened to settlement by European-American immigrants, but settlers were not granted title to the land until 1855. In 1856-58, Steele, Smith and numerous partners joined forces to build the main channel dam. Independent corporations developed the waterpower of their respective riverbanks making the power of the falls available to factories lining the canals. The first canal was built on the west side by the Minneapolis Mill Company. Flour mills soon became the dominant business. By the 1880s, 27 mills produced more than two million barrels of flour annually, making Minneapolis the nation's largest flour manufacturing center.
At the same time, 3,000-30,000-acre "bonanza" wheat farms were appearing on the flat, fertile prairies of the Red River Valley. Like the mills, these farms, with their large work forces, modern farming equipment, and single crop, were efficient industrial enterprises.
Growing large crops of wheat could only be profitable if there were high-production flour mills willing to buy it and a relatively low-cost method of getting it there. Nor was there any profit to be made in building a large flour mill without both sufficient quantities of wheat and a way to get it to the mill. The railroads provided the link that made both farmers and millers successful. They carried raw materials to the mills, finished products to the farmers, and flour to consumers all across the nation.

subset: commoncrawl


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Riccardo Zandonai': Francesca da Rimini Libretto: Tito RicordiSung in Italian with English, German, Spanish and Italian surtitles
Zandonai's opera of 13th century Italy is inspired by an episode from Dante's Inferno, returns in the Met's production, last seen in 1986. Dramatic soprano Eva-Maria Westbroek and tenor Marcello Giordani are the doomed lovers. Marco Armiliato conducts.
Marco Armiliato, conductorProduction: Piero Faggioni Francesca: Eva-Maria Westbroek Paolo il Bello: Marcello Giordani Malatestino: Robert Brubaker Gianciotto: Mark Delavan
Set Designer: Ezio Frigerio Costume Designer: Franca Squarciapino Lighting Designer: Gil Wechsler Choreographer: Donald Mahler


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accountants & business advisors
Remember time spent with an accountant is an investment. So, how do you want to spend yours?
EU trends show corporate and personal tax rates are on the up
The average standard VAT rates in the European Union's 27 countries have risen dramatically since 2008, a new report into taxation trends by the European Commission has found.
According to the report issued by Eurostat, the statistical office of the EU, the standard VAT rate in the EU now varies from its lowest at 15 per cent in Luxembourg to the highest at 27 per cent in Hungary.
The UK's 20 per cent VAT rate for 2012 sits just under the EU average of 20.5 per cent, along with countries including Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Slovakia and Slovenia.
The report also found that both corporate and top personal income tax rates in the EU inched up in 2012 after a period of long decline.
The highest top rates of tax on personal income were found in Sweden, which taxes its top earners at 56.6 per cent, followed by Denmark (55.4 per cent), Belgium (53.7 per cent), the Netherlands and Spain (both 52 per cent), and Austria and the United Kingdom who both tax at 50 per cent.
The lowest rates were found in Eastern Europe with Bulgaria at 10 per cent and the Czech Republic and Lithuania both at 15 per cent.
The highest corporate tax rates were recorded in France (36.1 per cent) with the UK coming in 15 places down the list at 24 per cent.
The report also found that the tax ratio for the EU remains generally high when compared on a global level, while is largest source of tax revenue remains labour taxes.
With the tax regime of property gaining recent attention from policymakers, the report now includes figures on property taxation. Revenue on property taxes is highest in the UK at 4.2 per cent, following Chancellor George Osborne's move in Budget 2012 to increase stamp duty land tax on the most expensive property to between 7 and 15 per cent. Tax revenue on property is estimated to have brought in around £72 million for the UK Treasury in 2010.
The figures may come as a concern after the recent 2020 Tax Commission report suggested higher taxes could actually reduce taxable income; harming the economy and increasing the incentive for higher earners to move to countries with lower taxes.
The commissioned report said this was 'particularly concerning as Britain's tax revenues were heavily dependent on a small number of high earners who are subject to very high tax rates.' It also claimed that wealth taxes, such as stamp duty land tax, were 'unfair' and called for them to be abolished.
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A s a student I was once invited to a gallery opening, which provided me with a rare opportunity to wear a jacket and tie. As I dressed I took a moment to finesse my tie knot and proudly showed the resulting dimple to my girlfriend. She scoffed, and asked who cared about such things, but I was later vindicated when, at the gallery, an older woman complimented me on the fact that my tie bore a pleasing dimple. My affection for tie dimples, unlike my relationship with the girl, has persisted.
Before practical techniques are considered it's important to understand the philosophy of the tie dimple, which is that it should be a personal expression of artful imperfection. As such, it is, for men hoping to project an image of sprezzatura, a useful weapon in the sartorial armoury. Of course sprezzatura implies an element of artifice, which is why it's something that must be internalised so that it loses the sharp corners of deceit and becomes second nature. As an example a tie dimple should be created with a natural carelessness, even while the decision to create one is deliberate.
The wrong width
The narrower a tie, the harder it is to create a dimple - it's a real challenge to get a dimple into a tie that's only 6cm wide.
The wrong material
Very light cotton ties may be too soft to hold a dimple because they simply crease or fold, and lightweight knitted ties will produce different dimples than thick cashmere or silk ties.
The wrong knot
The chunky and aggressive Windsor knot is almost always the wrong knot, but it's particularly incompatible with the nonchalant mood conjured by an elegant dimple.
Trying too hard
The dimple is a stylised imperfection, and needs to look like a happy accident. Finessing it with all the intensity of an origami master suffering from OCD will not produce the result you're looking for. Eye-catching symmetry is a no-no.
The wrong design
The world's most elegant knot will be wasted on an ugly tie. Invest in a great tie, and then perfect the knot.
The wrong implement
Use your finger to create a dimple. Do not use a ridiculous dimple maker (yes they exist - click here). Imagine having to explain to a woman that you use a contraption to make your tie dimples!
Using the keeper
Lots of ties have a loop of fabric behind the front blade through which you can tuck the rear blade. This is called the keeper, because it keeps the tie neat and straight and ensures the rear blade is invisible. I find the use of the keeper unappealingly stiff, and the look inert. Style isn't something that can be arranged and then pinned down like a dead butterfly; movement is a vital part of it.
For further reading see our article on sprezzatura by American menswear guru Mr G Bruce Boyer.


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Hi P/HD Club and Psi Chi Members! We have a few exciting events in the next couple of weeks and we would love to see you there!
Monthly Meeting and Meet a Professor- November 12th, 4pm in MAC 201
ROOM CHANGE! With our fantastic attendance last month, we have decided to change our room location to MAC 201 so we will have more space. Our monthly meeting will be at 4pm in MAC 201 on November 12th. We will begin by discussing upcoming events and any new ideas that members would like to share. Then Dr. Martin will be giving us a little presentation about his research on anger disorders.
December 1st, Jingle Bell Walk/Run
We will be creating a Psi Chi/PHD team for this year's Jingle Bell Walk/Run. The Jingle Bell Walk/Run aids in arthritis research. Registration is $22 before November 23rd and all participants will receive a long sleeve T-shirt with registration! The run/walk starts at 9 a.m. sharp and at 9:45 a.m. they will be having a post event celebration with hot soup and refreshments. Watch for the link to join our team in Psi Chi's monthly email to members. If you have any questions about the event, please contact Molly Swenty at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Holiday Celebration, December 10th, 4-6pm in MAC 210
With finals coming up, we thought it would be a fun idea to host a holiday celebration as our monthly meeting! The festivities will take place on December 10th at 4 p.m. in MAC 210. We will be providing treats and a classic holiday movie. If you cannot come right at 4pm, please feel free to stop any time before 6pm!
Psi Chi has buttons for sale!
The buttons are pictured below. If you would like to purchase one, please contact Molly Swenty by email (email@example.com). Each button is $.50.
P/HD Club and Psi Chi Officers


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DAGs vs Trees
posted by Robby Findler
As I wondering whether or not there is a better layout algorithm for the module browser window, I looked into tree maps. Of course, the modules in a program form a DAG, not a tree, so I wondered just how big the tree would get if all of the shared structure in the DAG were replicated. Hey, I figured, if a tree map can handle showing me my entire filesystem, maybe that could work.
… yeah, no. Turns out to be hopeless. In the spirit of a geeky take off on a jelly bean counting contest, lets see if you can guess just how big these things get. Consider the module graph from the program
#lang scheme (ie, the graph that just contains an empty program). This program loads 170 modules with 917 connections between modules (counting the main file that just contains the
#lang scheme).
So, the question: how many nodes are there in the unsharified tree? First one to come within 1 billion of the right answer gets all of the fame and glory that this blog brings to bear (har har). I'll post the answer in the comments in a few days (and no fair cheating, those of you that know enough to be able to get your hands on the DAG).


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To: David Lifferth,
Subject: Please Support HJR 7!
Date: Sat Feb 21 02:54:09 MST 2015
Dear Representative, I am emailing you today in order to urge you to support HJR 7 which applies for the U.S. Constitution's 'Convention for proposing Amendments' for the limited purpose of proposing a Balanced Budget Amendment to the Constitution. I believe that the federal government has put America at risk for bankruptcy which is why the States must use their power to amend the Constitution to reign in Washington's dangerous deficit spending. Please see Representative Powell for more information. martha karen buchanan 736 Kane creek blvd Moab utah