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This article is a biography essay on the life and works of Vidinli Tawfiq Pasha, a 19th-century Ottoman scholar, statesman and general of 19th-century Istanbul, and a noteworthy mathematician who published in 1882 an important book in Linear algebra, a new branch of mathematics at that time. After a short biographical sketch, we present a complete compilation of his writings in Linear Algebra and in other fields.
Salim Ayduz*
Figure 1: Vidinli Tawfik Pasha. Source: IMAGE The Bulletin of the International Linear Algebra Society, 15 (Summer 1995), p. 24.
Vidinli Huseyin Tawfik Pasha (Born in Bulgaria, Vidin 1832- died in Istanbul 16 June 1901) is an Ottoman General, Mathematician and Statesman. At the 19th century, scientific studies during the westernization process in the Ottoman world did not go beyond translation of European scholar's books into Turkish. In this atmosphere, Tawfiq Pasha of Vidin (mostly knows as Vidinli Huseyn, Tawfik Pasha in Turkish literature) made research on the very new area in mathematics, the quaternions, and he published a research book on this subject entitled Linear Algebra in English. The book was first published in 1882 (169 pages) and a second revised and enlarged edition was published by A. H. Boyajian in 1892 (188 pages) in Istanbul. He was the first mathematician to make innovative research on Linear Algebra. Moreover, his book was one of the first original publications ever published by an Ottoman scientist in modern times after that the originality of the tradition of Islamic science in the Ottoman period knew a lasting decline. In the following article, we introduce Tawfik Pasha's life and works.
1. His Life
Our mathematician was named Tawfik, but to indicate his birthplace and also to distinguish him from his classmate, another Tawfik Pasha, who was a mathematician too, he was known with the nickname Vidinli Tawfik Pasha. His father Hasan Tahsin Efendi pertained to Imamzadeler family. His first education started at Rüştiye Mektebi (Primary School) in his birthplace at Vidin, in Bulgaria. After completing his education there, he moved to Istanbul at the age of 14-15 years old and stayed at one of his relative's houses. Due to his desire to paint, he preferred to enrol into the newly established illustration branch of Mûhendishâne-i Berrî-i Humâyûn (Imperial School of Military Engineering) in Hasköy. When he faced problems in understanding the perspective, he was sent to Mekteb-i İdadi-i Askeriye (Preparatory School for Military) in Macka Barracks in 1834, particularly to study Euclidian geometry. When he graduated from this school, he enrolled into Mekteb-i Harbiye (War Academy). He took private lessons from Tahir Pahsa who was his teacher and who had graduated from Cambridge University. In 1859 Vidinli Tawfik graduated from the War Academy and attended Erkân-i Harbiye (High Officials Academy) with the rank of staff officer of captain (Mulazim). When he finished this school in 1860, he was first appointed to Harbiye as a teacher and then to Erkân-i Harbiye as deputy teacher. Upon the death of Tahir Pasha, he was enroled to teach algebra, advanced algebra, analytic geometry, analysis and differential calculus, mechanics, astronomy and integral calculation. He added new chapters, regarding derivative and series, to his teacher's book which he wrote at the same level as contemporary European mathematicians did. In chorological order he became first staff captain (kurmay yüzbaşi) (1860), senior captain (kidemli yüzbaşi) (1863), major (binbaşi) (1867), lieutenant colonel (yarbay) (1869), colonel (albay) (1872), brigadier (mirliva) (1874), pullet (ferik) (1878) and marshal (1893).
During his enrolment as first deputy teacher and later teacher at the War Academy, he had, in addition to this task, the duty of teaching accounting in Kasimpasa Mekteb-i Rüşdiyesi (Junior High School), and mathematics and astronomy in Dar Al-Funun (University). When he was promoted as district governor rank, on condition to keep his lessons in Harbiye, he was appointed to the newly established Experience and Examination Station in Tophane-i Amire (The Royal Cannon Foundry).
Afterwards, Vidinli Tawfik was sent to Paris by Chief Commander Hüseyin Avni Pasha to inspect ballistics and rifle production and he stayed there two years as Military Attaché. He also became the deputy principle of the Mekteb-i Osmanî (School of Ottomans) in Paris. Meanwhile, alongside studying at the factory, he attended Paris University and Collège de France to improve his mathematical knowledge. He got in touch with the famous Turkish author Namik Kemal and other Turkish intellectuals and was welcomed by them.
In 1872 Tawfik Pasha came back to Istanbul and returned to his position in Tophane-i Amire. Later, he became mathematics teacher at Mekteb-i İdadi-i Askeri (Preparatory School for the Military) and the assistant class and physics teacher at Mekteb-i Fünun-i Harbiye (War Science Academy).
In 1872, Tawfik Pasha dismissed from all his duties and ranks, was appointed as a member of the committee which was established to inspect Henry and Martini rifles production which was ordered from United States by the Ottoman State. He went to the United States to learn English and also to inspect rifles production. After two years he came back to Istanbul (1874). After a couple of months he went to the United States again. After four years he came back to Istanbul and was appointed as a Minister of Imperial School of Military Engineering (Mühendishane-i Berri-i Hümayun Nazirliǧi) (1878). Besides this, he was also appointed as the head of the Tophane-i Amire Parliament (Tophane-i Amire Meclisi Başkanliǧi) (1880), after that he became the member of the Commission of the Public Works (Umur-i Nafia Komisyonu) and later became the Minister of Finance (Maliye Naziri) in 23 December 1880. In 27 July 1881 he was dismissed from this task and in 15 August 1882 he became the inspector of the Royal Cannon Foundries (Tophane-i Amire Fabrikalari müfettişliǧi).
In 1883 Hüseyin Tawfiq was appointed to Washington as Minister Plenipotentiary. After finishing this task he came back to Istanbul to occuy the office of member of the commission for military inspection and then he went to Germany as head of the commission which established to inspect the Mauser rifles which he would buy for the military service. Upon someone's denounciation, he was called back and appointed to Roma as an envoy; but he did not go.
In 1889 Hüseyin Tawfiq became the Minister of Commerce and Public Works (Ticaret ve Nafia Naziri) for five years and then he became the Member of the High Commission for the Military inspections. Later he became the Head of the Council for Accounting (Divân-i Muhasebât Reisi) and then a second time appointed as Minister of Finance (2 October 1897). After one year, again, he became the member of the High Commission for the Military inspections (1898). Meanwhile he carried out the aide-de-camp (Yaver) for the Sultan. Vidinli Tawfiq Pasha passed away in 16th June 1901.
Our mathematician knew English and French. He was honoured by receiving the first rank of Egel Ruj medallion from Germany, second rank Légion d'honneur medallion from France and second rank Leopold Medallion from the Belgium.
His speeches entitled Memalik-i Osmaniye and İslamiyet (Ottoman Lands and Islam) became famous when he made them upon the appointment to membership for the New Island History Society.
Hüseyin Tawfik Pasha, was a great scholar and as an eminent Ottoman intellectual in modern mathematics, he wrote important books in mathematics, astronomy and physics. While he was in the United States he dealt with ballistics and mathematics and published his famous book named Linear Algebra which comments on linear algebra. The book was known in the Ottoman literature as hisab-i muthanna (two ways calculation). It was the first book ever written in modern mathematics in Ottoman lands.
In 30 March 1864, with his friends Yusuf Ziya Pasha, Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha, Sakizli Ahmed Esad Pasha and Ali Naki Efendi, Hüseyin Tawfik established a charity named Jamiyat Tadrisiyah al-Islamiye to help poor Muslim children to complete their education and instruction. He also wrote articles in the monthly journal of the society titled Mebahis al-Ilmiyya which was first published in 1867.
Figure 2: Vidinli Tawfiq Pasha's tomb stone (photo by Simo Pimtanen). Source: IMAGE The Bulletin of the International Linear Algebra Society, 19 (Summer/Fall 1997), p. 15.
His contribution and career are described as follows by a present-day commentator:
"In the unpublished Memoirs of the noted Ottoman mathematician Salih Zeki, Hüseyin Tawfiq Pasa appears as a man of exceptional ability and honest character who everywhere encouraged scientific research. He reached as high a point in his scientific endeavours as permitted by his sterile environment. This remarkable man in the history of science in Turkey was later almost entirely forgotten and all his works written in Turkish were regrettably lost! Of his venerable memory, only a street hearing his name in Vezneciler (a quarter of Istanbul south of the Golden Horn and west of the Sultan Ahmet Square or Hippodrome) and a mute tombstone in the Eyüp cemetery- remain" [1].
2. His Publicatons
2.1. Linear Algebra (in English). Dealing with Linear Algebra, the book is a very original work in which de dealt with quaternions, a new mathematical subject at that time. Quaternions were first invented by the Irish mathematician-astronomer W. R. Hamilton (d. 1843) and became very important when they were applied to physics. At the end of the book, Hüseyin Tawfik established three-dimension algebra which contains complex numbers' algebras and also that formed with the three dimensions space vectors league. He also showed the application of this method to various problems which belong to elementary geometry. His book was first published in 1882 and secondly in 1892 in revised version. A paperback reprint of both the original versions, bound together in one volume, was published by the Istanbul Technical University [Bilim ve Teknoloji Tarihi Arastirma Merkezi Yayin, no. 5] in 1988. This reprint was edited by Kazim Çeçen and includes a preface by Ilhan Kayan, an introduction by Kazim Çeçen and a "contemporary assessment" by Cahit Arf (in Turkish and in English). In addition, A. M. C Şengör wrote a biography (in Turkish) of Hüseyin Tawfik. According to Salih Zeki, this book offers a new calculation method in the system of three dimensions method of Argand's Algebra. This commentator adds that Tawfiq Pasha studied to solve Argand's problems a long time and while he was travelling towards to United States he solved the problem in his cabinet using a tobacco paper. He assures that he saw this piece of paper when Tawfiq Pasha was alive but he could not find it after his death.
Figure 3: Irish stamp on the Quaternions, issued by Ireland on May 4, 1983. (Source).
Benjamin Pierce's (1809-1880) book Linear Associative Algebra was first published in 1870 in Washington and reprinted in 1882. Hüseyin Tawfiq's book was one of the earliest printed books on this subject in the world and it preserved originality on this area until the 1920's.
A copy of the original book is in Harvard University Library and bound within the frontal matter is an original letter dated February 5th 1885 from, and signed by, Huseyin Tawfiq to Justin Winsor, Esq., Librarian of Harvard College Library, bequeathing the book at "the request of the distinguished professor J. M. Peirce of the Department of Mathematics in Harvard College".
2.2. Hasâb al-Muthannâ (two ways calculations): Published in the journal Mebâhis-i İlmiye Mecmuasi in 1866, it was another article about algebra written by Hüseyin Tawfiq.
2.3. Zayl Usûl al-Jabr (Appendix on the method of Algebra) (in Turkish): An appendix about derivatives upon Tahir Pasha's book Usûl al-Jabr and also about Mc. Lauren Taylors's series (İstanbul 1278/1861).
2. 4. Yeni Ölçülerin Menâfi ve İstimâline Dâir Risâle-i Muhtasara (An Abridged treatise on the advantages and usage of the new measurements) (in Turkish): Explains how to solve problems in the newly applied system of weights and measurements (Istanbul 1882).
2.5. Heyet Kitabi (Book on Astronomy) (in Turkish): Hüseyin Tawfiq wrote this book while he was instructor at the Muhendishane (Imperial School of Military Engineering); we have not got any copy of it.
2.6. "Mahsûsât ve Gayr-i Mahsûsât" (in Turkish): An article published in the journal Mebâhis-i İlmiye in response to Resul Mestî Efendi's previous article where it is claimed that the Earth does not move (1867).
2.7. Rubu Tahtasina Dâir Bir Risâle (A Treatise on the Quadrant) (in Turkish): He wrote this book while he was staff captain and received a fifth degree Majidî Medallion.
2.8. Fann Makina (Science of Machine) (in Turkish): This book comments on machines, parts of the machines, gears, spinning wheels, winding wheels etc. The appendix which mentions steam and machines was written by Mehmed Sadettin (d. 1892).
According to the sources that mention the life of Huseyin Tawfik we know he wrote some more books which we cannot place so far. Those books are Mamâlik-i Osmâniya wa Islâmiyat (Ottoman Lands and Islam), Jabr-i Hattî (Plane Algebra), Usûl-i İlm-i hisâb (Principles of the science of calculation) and Jabr-i a'lâ (T) (High Algebra).
- "Salih Zeki'nin Hatiralari", Muallimler Mecmuasi, p. 22 (1924).
- "Huseyin Tevfik Paşa: 1832-1901", IMAGE The Bulletin of the International Linear Algebra Society, 16 (Winter 1996), p. 29.
- "Who is this gentleman?", IMAGE The Bulletin of the International Linear Algebra Society, 15 (Summer 1995), p. 24.
- Fikri Akdeniz, "Büyük Türk Matematikçisi: Hüseyin Tevfik Paşa (1832-1901)", Matematik Dünyasi, 4 (1998), pp. 10-11.
- H. Ayhan, H. Maviş, "Dârüşşafaka", Diyanet İslam Ansiklopedisi, Istanbul, IX, 7.
- History of Astronomical Literature during the Ottoman Period, By. Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu and others. Istanbul: Research Center for Islamic History, Art and culture, 1997, II, 686–687.
- History of Mathematical Literature during the Ottoman Period, Edited by Ekmeleddin İhsanoǧlu and others, Istanbul: IRCICA, 1999, II, 401–404.
- History of the literature of natural and applied sciences during the Ottoman Period, Edited by E. İhsanoǧlu and others, Istanbul: IRCICA, 2006, I, 330-331.
- İhsan Fazlioǧlu, "Cebir", Diyanet İslam Ansiklopedisi, Istanbul, VII, 195-201.
- İhsan Fazlioǧlu, "Hendese", Diyanet İslam Ansiklopedisi, Istanbul, XVII, 199-208.
- İhsan Fazlioǧlu, "Hesap", Diyanet İslam Ansiklopedisi, Istanbul, XVII, 244-265.
- Kazim Çeçen, "Hüseyin Tevfik Paşa", Diyanet İslam Ansiklopedisi, Istanbul, XIX, 14-15.
- Kazim Çeçen, Hüseyin Tevfik Paşa ve Linear Algebra, İstanbul 1988, pp. 18-41.
- M. Z. Pakalin, Mâliye Teşkilâti Tarihi (1442-1930), Ankara : Maliye Bakanliǧi Tetkik Kurulu, 1978, IV, pp. 470-498.
- Mehmed Esad, Mirat-i Mekteb-i Harbiyye, İstanbul 1315, pp. 284- 285.
- Mehmed Esad, Mir'at-i Mühendishâne, İstanbul 1986, p. 103.
- Mehmed Süreyya, Osmanli Müellifleri, İstanbul 1316, III, pp. 258-259.
- Prime Minister Ottoman Archieve, Sicill-i Ahvâl Defteri, no. 1, pp. 574-575.
- Salih Zeki, Kâmûs-i Riyâziyyât, İstanbul University Library, TY, 914, V, pp. 450-452.
- Salim Aydüz, "Hüseyin Tevfik Paşa (Vidinli)", Yaşamlari ve Yapitlariyla Osmanlilar Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul: Yapi Kredi Bankasi Yayinlari, 1999, pp. 592-593.
- Sâlnâme-i Nezâret-i Hariciyye, İstanbul 1302, pp. 324-325.
- IMAGE The Bulletin of the International Linear Algebra Society, 19 (Summer/Fall 1997), p. 15.
End Notes
[1] Kazim Çeçen, Hüseyin Tevfik Paşa ve "Linear Algebra", Istanbul Teknik Universitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Tarihi Araştirma Merkezi Yayin no. 5. 1988, p. 15.
*Senior Researcher at the Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilisation, UK and Research Visitor at the School of, Languages, Linguistics and Cultures, The University of Manchester, UK.


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Leave it to Michael Bay to go out with a bang.
The "Transformers: Age of Extinction" director and his crew are scheduled to wrap in Chicago this week, but not before filming what one source with the production called the "mother of all bombs." The source said the explosion will take place Wednesday afternoon around the silos on S. Damen Avenue and W. 29th Street in the Pilsen area. This is the same site where "Transformers" recently blew up a bridge, while at the same time setting off an impressive fireball.
Bay has been spoiling onlookers with explosions ever since the robots-in-disguise sequel began filming in Chicago, including this past weekend in the Loop.
One stunt Saturday on S. Wacker Drive saw a car flip twice in the air and then crash into the upper level of a double decker bus. Another stunt Sunday on W. Monroe Street featured two cars slamming into each other as pyrotechnics went off around them.
The scenes were set in Hong Kong, just like the filming that took place in the plaza in McCormick Place in late August, and included Hong Kong flags, Chinese street signs and advertisements, and red and white taxis with Chinese writing on them.
And as is common during a "Transformers" shoot, there were plenty of extras running and screaming for their lives.
When he wasn't destroying our city, I mean Hong Kong, Bay was busy enjoying Chicago's nightlife. He had dinner Sept. 20 with Mark Wahlberg at Sunda and was spotted Sept. 22 at Public House, Wednesday at The Grid, Friday at Parliament, where he has hung out at least three times in two weeks, and Saturday at Chicago Cut Steakhouse, where he has dined three times in two weeks.
Clearly, Bay has his favorite spots.
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This isn't the Son of Sparda at his wise-cracking, sword-swinging best. Instead, Steve Darling's teaser clip for his fan movie about the hero of Capcom's Devil May Cry franchise looks in what the original Dante is doing in his downtime.
The old version of the DMC protagonist mainly just walks around and hangs out in this clip but it gives you a sense how much a dude like OG Dante would have stood out in the real world if he actually existed. Neo Dante looks more like somebody you might pass on the street. Maybe that's part of what has some fans so annoyed at the new look.


text: The Stunning Temples and Pagodas of Lotus Pond in Kaohsiung, Southern Taiwan Posted on March 3, 2013 by Carrie Kellenberger If you're a temple lover in Taiwan, one of the best places to visit is Lotus Pond in Kaogshiung, Southern Taiwan. It's also known as Lotus Lake. Continue Reading →


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On a physical basis, the halter is probably the one piece of training equipment that appalls me most - the potential for injuring the dog is simply too high. I'm not talking about snapping the dog's neck or crushing his trachea - I'm talking about soft tissue damage and damage to the spine, particularly the cervicals. At numerous APDT conferences, I've had the opportunity to spend entire days watching trainers and their dogs. Many of these dogs wore head halters, not surprising since APDT attracts many trainers who are interested in humane and positive approaches to training; the head halter is seen as both. What horrified me was the number of people (remember, these are professional trainers and serious dog folks!) who would simply stop at a booth, allowing the dog to drift ahead until he reached the end of the lead and then had his head brought sharply to one side. Watching this repeated over and over again, I began to feel that I was watching people casually moving boats in water - as if the leverage and force made possible by the head halter had little more impact to the object on the end of the lead than a canoe might experience!
NOTHING in the dog's physical construction or his nervous system prepares him for the force of an unexpected, externally directed, sideways and upward movement of the head while his body is still moving forward (sometimes at considerable speed!). For the horse, the leverage is similar but with key differences: the force is directed sideways and downward, and the muscles of the horse's neck are among the most powerful in his body. There is also a considerable difference in force that can be applied to a 1000 lbs. of horse vs. 25-75 lbs. of dog. Interestingly, when working with young horses, ponies and miniature horses, care must be taken in the use of the halter with allowances made for the height difference - knowledgeable handlers do not apply force upwards and sideways, but turn the animal's head in the same plane as would happen with a larger horse.
That's one of the things that bothers me about them. If one of my guys saw a squirrel and bolted, that could be bad.
I tried one on Simon for a couple of walks. He was miserable. And for a dog who was already anxious when out of his element, sensitive, fear aggressive, adding to his stress was no bueno. No, I didn't introduce it as slowly or properly as I should have. I tried it on Robin, just to see how she'd do, and she was ok with it-- not overly upset, but not happy about it. But if I've got a dog that's already scared or sensitive, I'm not sure I want to add anything that might be uncomfortable or in any way aversive in a situation that I'm trying to convince him is the opposite if I have other tools at my disposal. Just my 2cents.


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With his broken arm still not fully healed, former UFC interim champ Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira (33-7-1 MMA, 4-3 UFC) has pulled out of next month's UFC 149 event.
In his place steps Shawn Jordan (13-3 MMA, 1-0 UFC), who now fights fellow heavyweight Cheick Kongo (17-7-2 MMA, 10-5-1 UFC).
Sherdog first reported the scratch and Jordan's acceptance of the fight earlier today. MMAjunkie.com (www.mmajunkie.com) confirmed Nogueira's withdrawal.
UFC 149 takes place July 21 at Scotiabank Saddledome in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The main card airs on pay-per-view, and FX and Facebook are expected to carry the prelims.
Jordan vs. Kongo is slated for the main card.
Nogueira was slated to fight for the first time since breaking his arm in a submission loss to Frank Mir at UFC 140. He underwent surgery soon after the December loss.
Jordan, a recent Strikeforce import, made his UFC debut and scored a TKO victory over Oli Thompson at UFC on FX 2 back in March. It marked the former LSU football player and current Team Jackson-Winkeljohn member's fourth win in his past five fights.
Kongo, meanwhile, looks to rebound from a disappointing loss to Mark Hunt at February's UFC 144 event. The surprising defeat snapped a four-fight unbeaten streak for Kongo (which included wins over Paul Buentello, Pat Barry and Matt Mitrione, as well as a draw with Travis Browne). The Hunt loss was the Frenchman's first defeat since a December 2009 loss to Mir.
The latest UFC 149 card includes:
MAIN CARD (Pay-per-view)
- Urijah Faber vs. Renan Barao (for interim bantamweight title)
- Tim Boetsch vs. Hector Lombard
- Shawn Jordan vs. Cheick Kongo*
- Siyar Bahadurzada vs. Chris Clements
- Roland Delorme vs. TBA
- Mitch Clarke vs. Anton Kuivanen
- Court McGee vs. Nick Ring
- Bryan Caraway vs. Mitch Gagnon
- Antonio Carvalho vs. George Roop
- Ryan Jimmo vs. Anthony Perosh
- James Head vs. Claude Patrick
* – Not officially announced
For more on UFC 149, stay tuned to the UFC Rumors section of the site.
(Pictured: Shawn Jordan)


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Blanton, Mary Alison Stone. "Make No Little Plans": Daniel Burnham's Design for Union Station. Master's of Architectural History: University of Virginia, 1991.
Boyer, Paul S. Urban Masses and Moral Order in America, 1820-1920. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978.
Craig, Lois A. The Federal Presence: Architecture, Politics, and Symbols in United States Government Building. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1978.
Gutheim, Frederick A. The Federal City: Plans and Realities. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1976.
Riis, Jacob A. How the Other Half Lives. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1890.
Evenson, Norma. "Monumental Spaces"
Hines, Thomas S. "The Imperial Mall: The City Beautiful Movement and the Washington Plan of 1901-02"
Stern, Robert A.M. "A Temenos for Democracy: The Mall in Washington and Its Influences" in
The Mall in Washington, 1791-1991. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1991.
Weller, Charles F. Neglected Neighbors: Stories of LIfe in the Alleys, Tenements, and Shanties of the National Capital. Philadelphia: J.C. Winston, 1909.
Wilson, William H. The City Beautiful Movement. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.
Further Reading
Forrest, Tuomi. William Penn: Visionary Proprietor. 1996
Johns, Josh. Our National Parks. 1996
Kammen, Michael G. Mystic Chords of Memory: The Transformation of Tradition in American Culture. New York: Knopf, 1991.


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The Education Committee will be responsible for determining the topical focus of educational programs, setting an agenda, and recruiting speakers. In addition, the Committee will identify other opportunities for NISO to educate and inform the information communities about its work.
|ERM Data Standards & Best Practices Review
|This working group is charged to undertake a "gap analysis" regarding electronic resource management (ERM) related data and standards. The analysis will begin with a review of the ERMI data dictionary as it presently exists, and a mapping of ERMI data elements to those within relevant standards-related projects (e.g., CORE, SUSHI, ONIX-PL, etc.). Vendors, libraries using ERM systems, and other identified stakeholders will then be consulted via surveys and/or more in-depth interviews to solicit additional feedback. Following the analysis, the working group will make recommendations regarding the future of the ERMI data dictionary within that broader context, to be delivered in a report to the Business Information Topic Committee and made publicly available.
|Framework of Guidance for Good Digital Collections
NISO, with the generous support of the Institute of Museum and Library Services, has now completed the third edition of A Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections. The Framework establishes principles for creating, managing, and preserving digital collections, digital objects, metadata, and projects. It also provides links to relevant standards that support the principles and additional resources.
The Framework was initially developed in 2000 (1st edition) and revised in 2004 (2nd edition). The 3rd edition (December 2007) updates and revises the Framework in order to incorporate it into a website for use by library and museum practitioners. The PDF is now available. In addition, a new web platform is being developed for the Framework that will encourage community participation in the document, soliciting feedback, annotations, resources, and discussion.
|I2 (Institutional Identifiers)
|The I2 (Institutional Identifiers -- pronounced "I 2") working group will build on work from the Journal Supply Chain Efficiency Improvement Pilot (http://www.journalsupplychain.com/), which demonstrated the improved efficiencies of using an institutional identifier in the journal supply chain. The NISO working group will develop a standard for an institutional identifier that can be implemented in all library and publishing environments. The standard will include definition of the metadata required to be collected with the identifier and what uses can be made of that metadata.
|Information Creation & Curation Topic Committee
The NISO Content and Collection Management Committee was formed in early 2007 in response to a strategic restructuring. As part of NISO's organizational structure, topic committees that bring together leaders in specific subjects have been created to provide direction to the organization for standards development in those umbrella topic areas. The Content and Collection Management Topic Committee focuses on issues regarding developing, describing, providing access to, and maintaining content items and collections. Specific topics include: Dublin Core, library binding, SAN, RFID, etc.
|Information Discovery & Interchange Topic Committee
The NISO Discovery to Delivery Topic Committee was formed in early 2007 in response to a strategic restructuring. As part of NISO's organizational structure, topic committees that bring together leaders in specific subjects have been created to provide direction to the organization for standards development in those umbrella topic areas. The Discovery to Delivery Topic Committee focuses on issues regarding the finding and distribution of information by and to users, including OpenURL, Metasearch, interface design, web services, etc.
|Information Policy & Analysis Topic Committee
|The NISO Business Information Committee was formed in early 2007 in response to a strategic restructuring. As part of NISO's organizational structure, topic committees that bring together leaders in specific subjects have been created to provide direction to the organization for standards development in those umbrella topic areas. The Business Information Topic Committee focuses on issues regarding the management structure surrounding the acquisition, licensing, purchasing, and analysis of information. Specific areas include: license expression, online usage data, access management, performance measures and other statistics, etc.
|IOTA (OpenURL Quality Metrics)
|This project will build on the work already underway by Adam Chandler (Database Management and Electronic Resources Research Librarian, Central Library Operations, Cornell University Library) to investigate the feasibility of creating industry-wide, transparent and scalable metrics for evaluating and comparing the quality of OpenURL implementations across content providers.
|JATS (Z39.96) Standing Committee
|KBART (Knowledge Base and Related Tools)
|KBART is a joint working group of NISO and the UK Serials Group (UKSG). The group is comprised of representatives from publishers, libraries, link resolver and ERM vendors, subscription agents and other parties involved in the creation of, provision of data to, and implementation of knowledge bases. The KBART working group is charged with developing a best practice for supply of data pertaining to e-resources in general.
|License Expression Working Group
|The National Information Standards Organization, Digital Library Federation (DLF), EDItEUR, and Publishers Licensing Society (PLS) have agreed to form a License Expression Working Group to develop a single standard for the exchange of license information between publishers and libraries.
The DLF has supported ground-breaking work in this area through its Electronic Resource Management Initiative (ERMI) and EDItEUR has used the ERMI requirements as the foundation of its work in developing its ONIX for Licensing proof of concept model. NISO's May 2005 Digital Rights Expression Workshop identified the need to coordinate and consolidate standards efforts in digital licensing rights expression.
The working group, co-chaired by Nathan Robertson (University of Maryland Law Library) and Alicia Wise (Publishers Licensing Society, UK), has as its initial charge to: 1. Monitor and make recommendations regarding the further development of standards relating to electronic resources and license expression, including but not limited to the ERMI and EDItEUR work. 2. Actively engage in the development of the ONIX license messaging specification. The technical working group will develop the recommendations based on review and comments. A review group will monitor work in progress and provide feedback to the technical group.
|Developing a Generalized and Sustainable Framework for a Public, Open, Scholarly Assessment Service Based on Aggregated Large-scale Usage Data (Project MESUR Mellon Planning Grant Project -- PI: Indiana University, co-PI: NISO)
|MetaSearch Initiative
Metasearch, parallel search, federated search, broadcast search, cross-database search, search portal are a familiar part of the information community's vocabulary. They speak to the need for search and retrieval to span multiple databases, sources, platforms, protocols, and vendors at one time. Metasearch services rely on a variety of approaches to search and retrieval including open standards (such as NISO's Z39.50), proprietary API's, and screen scraping. However, the absence of widely supported standards, best practices, and tools makes the metasearch environment less efficient for the system provider, the content provider, and ultimately the end-user.
To move toward industry solutions NISO sponsored a Metasearch Initiative to enable:
|Metasearch Initiative - TG1 - Access Management
|The Access Management Task Group was charged with gathering requirements for Metasearch authentication and access needs, inventorying existing processes now in place, and developing a series of formal use cases describing the needs. Specific deliverables include:
|Metasearch Initiative - TG2 - Collection Description
|Content providers (publishers, database providers) must be able to communicate information about the collections they offer in a uniform way. Task Group 2 on Collection Description is working with other organizations examining this problem to produce:
|Metasearch Initiative -TG3 - Search/Retrieve
|The interdependent nature of search-retrieval protocols and techniques demands that the investigation of one be done in the context of the other. Task Group 3 will investigate and report on several related aspects of search and retrieval to produce a series of documents including:
|NISO Marketing
|Information related to NISO marketing activities.
|NISO Staff
|NISO Voting Members
|NISO Voting Members workroom. Provides a repository for documents and forum in which to present NISO Voting Members with NISO ballots. This Group is for NISO Voting Members Only.
|NISO Z39.7-201x Voting Pool
|Voting pool to review and approve the revision to Z39.7, Information Services and Use: Metrics & statistics for libraries and information providers - Data Dictionary.
|NISO Z39.85-201x Voting Pool
|Voting pool for the approval of the revised standard: NISO Z39.85-201x, The Dublin Core Element Set.
|NISO Z39.96-2012 Voting Pool (CCM)
|Voting pool to approve Z39.96-201x
|ONIX-PL Working Group
|The ONIX-PL Working Group, created in 2008 upon the disbandment of the original License Expression Working Group (LEWG), is charged to: 1. Actively support and contribute to the continued development of the ONIX PL standard for licence expression to ensure it is fit for use by all types of stakeholders. 2. Communicate with all stakeholders about the current state of ONIX PL development and what it means to them, and champion its use. 3. Report regularly to the sponsoring bodies - DLF, EDItEUR, NISO, and PLS - about progress and plans.
|Open Discovery Initiative (ODI)
|Physical Delivery of Library Resources
|The increased volume and costs of library delivery is creating a demand for more information about how to run efficient and effective delivery operations. The Physical Delivery for Library Resources Working Group (under the oversight of NISO's Discovery to Delivery Topic Committee) is charged with developing a Recommended Practice to help facilitate library resource sharing.
|PIE-J (Presentation and Identification of E-Journals)
|This group is charged with developing a Recommended Practice that will provide much-needed guidance on the presentation of e-journalsparticularly in the areas of title presentation, accurate use of the ISSN, and citation practicesto publishers and platform providers as well as to solve some long-standing concerns of serials librarians.
|RFID for Library Applications
|The committee is charged with the following deliverables: - Develop a set of guidelines that lay out current best practices for the use of RFID in library applications. - Prepare an input document that outlines US practices and concerns to an ISO TC46 working group on an RFID data model for library applications. - Serve as a sounding board for the NISO representative to the ISO TC 46 working group. Continue to work with ALA/BISG working group around the interaction of technology and privacy issues.
|RFID Revision Working Group
|In order to ensure that the NISO Recommended Practice (Recommended Practice, RFID in U.S. Libraries (NISO RP-6-2008; available online at http://www.niso.org/publications/rp/RP-6-2008.pdf) is up to date and provides United States implementers of RFID tags in libraries with sufficient guidance to conform with the ISO work, a revision of the NISO Recommended Practice is necessary. This working group is charged with that revision.
|SC9WG8/Project 25964
|This international ISO working group is merging and revising the two existing ISO thesauri standards (ISO 2788:1986 on monolingual thesauri and ISO 5964:1985 on multilingual thesauri).
|SERU (Shared Electronic Resource Understanding)
|The Shared E-Resource Understanding (SERU) Working Group is charged with developing Recommended Practices to be used to support a new mechanism for publishers to sell e-resources without licenses if they feel their perception of risk has been adequately addressed by current law and developing norms of behavior. The document will be an expression of a set of shared understandings of publisher and library expectations regarding the sale of an electronic resource subscription. Negotiation between publisher perspectives and library perspectives will be needed to develop a useful set of practices. The working group will build on considerable work to identify key elements of a best practices document already begun during a one-day meeting sponsored by ARL, ALPSP, SSP, and SPARC. All of the participants in that scoping meeting expressed a strong desire to continue to work on this project and form the proposed working group to develop best practices.
|SERU Standing Committee
|The SERU Standing Committee provides maintenance support for the NISO Recommended Practice, NISO RP-7-2008, SERU: A Shared Electronic Resource Understanding, available at: http://www.niso.org/publications/rp/RP-7-2008.pdf Visit the SERU website at www.niso.org/workrooms/seru
|SIP (Standard Interchange Protocol)
|SSO Authentication
|SSO Authentication Working Group Goal: achieving seamless, item-level linking through single sign-on authentication technologies in a networked information environment.
|Standardized Markup for Journal Articles
|The goal of this work item, "Standardized Markup for Journal Articles Based on the NLM's Journal Archiving and Interchange Tag Suite," is to take the currently existing National Library of Medicine (NLM) Journal Archiving and Interchange Tag Suite version 3.0, the three journal article schemas, and the documentation and shepherd it through the NISO standardization process. The intent of this proposal is for the Tag Suite to be a NISO standard and each of the schemas to be a "sub-standard" or appendix to the Tag Suite standard. To achieve this objective, this proposal is to convene a NISO Working Group with the intention of proposing that the Tag Suite, as it currently stands, be accepted as a Draft Standard following a brief period of review within the group.
|Standards Community Calendar
|This is a public group containing calendar information about NISO events, industry events, working group activities and presentations, and related deadlines. NISO welcomes standards-related event information from other groups. If you would like to add your event, please e-mail email@example.com with details. All conferences and dates are subject to change.
|Supplemental Journal Article Materials Coordinating Group
|This group will be the coordinating body for the three sub-groups for the Supplementary Materials for Journal Articles. It includes the chairs of the sub-groups and the NISO/NFAIS supporting personnel.
|Supplemental Journal Materials Business Working Group
|The Business Working Group (BWG) for the NISO-NFAIS Supplemental Materials Recommended Practices Group will address the semantic and policy issues related to delivering materials that are supplemental to scholarly journal articles.
|Supplemental Journal Materials Technical Working Group
|The Technical Working Group (TWG) for the NISO/NFAIS Supplemental Materials Recommended Practices Group will address the technical issues related to materials that are supplemental to scholarly journal articles. This includes such items as metadata, persistent identifiers, linking mechanisms, packaging, exchange, delivery, and accessibility practices.
|SUSHI (Z39.93) Standing Committee
|The Standardized Usage Statistics Harvesting Initiative (SUSHI) Protocol standard (ANSI/NISO Z39.93) defines an automated request and response model for the harvesting of electronic resource usage data utilizing a Web services framework. It is intended to replace the time-consuming user-mediated collection of usage data reports. The protocol was designed to be both generalized and extensible, meaning it could be used to retrieve a variety of usage reports. An extension designed specifically to work with COUNTER reports is provided with the standard, as these are expected to be the most frequently retrieved usage reports. The SUSHI Standing Committee provides maintenance support for the standard. To read the SUSHI abstract or download a copy of the standard, visit www.niso.org/standards/z39-93-2007. For information on SUSHI schemas, please visit http://www.niso.org/schemas/sushi/. To view registry information, press coverage, FAQ information, and other reference material, visit http://www.niso.org/workrooms/sushi.
|SUSHI Servers Working Group
|SUSHI Servers Working Group: Improving SUSHI Servers through Enhanced Reporting
|TC46 Interest Group
|What is ISO TC 46/SC 11? * ISO is the International Organization for Standardization. * TC 46 is ISO's Technical Committee (TC) for information and documentation standards. * SC 11 is the TC 46 Subcommittee (SC) that develops and maintains ISO standards on archives and records management.
|TC46 SC 11 Interest Group
|TC46 SC 4 Interest Group
|U.S. members of NISO that have expressed interest in seeing informational documents (other than ballots) for TC46/SC4, Technical interoperability.
|TC46 SC 8 Interest Group
|TC46 SC10 Interest Group
|TC46 SC9 Secretariat
|What is ISO TC 46/SC 9? * ISO is the International Organization for Standardization. * TC 46 is ISO's Technical Committee (TC) for information and documentation standards. * SC 9 is the TC 46 Subcommittee (SC) that develops and maintains ISO standards on the identification and description of information resources.
|Z39.7 Standing Committee
|The Z39.7 Standing Committee is responsible for the continuous maintenance of the Data Dictionary. Comments and change proposals from the public are reviewed and evaluated at the ALA midwinter and annual conferences.
|Z39.83 (NCIP) Standing Committee
|NCIP (NISO Circulation Interchange Protocol) Standing Committee. This committee maintains the current ANSI/NISO standard, provides support to those interested in NCIP, and develops education and outreach on NCIP.
|Z39.85 Maintenance Agency Advisory Group (Dublin Core)
|Z39.86 Maintenance Agency Advisory Group (Digital Talking Book)
|The DAISY Consortium has been selected by the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) as the official maintenance agency for the DAISY/NISO Standard, officially, the ANSI/NISO Z39.86, Specifications for the Digital Talking Book, known as DAISY 3. This Advisory Committee develops the standards and maintains the Specification. Additional information and supporting resources can be found at http://www.daisy.org/z3986/
|Z39.88 (OpenURL) Review Panel
|Review Panel for ANSI/NISO Z39.88-2004 (R2010), The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services The OpenURL standard is maintained by OCLC. For more information, visit http://www.niso.org/standards/z39-88-2004/ or http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/openurl/default.htm


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Kath Pay on How to Get Personal with Marketing Automation
Join us on our exclusive webinar with Kath Pay, one of the world's top 50 email marketing influencers! Kath will discuss the hottest email marketing trend in 2016 – personalization. Everyone wants to do it, but may not be sure how it can be achieved. Join us and discover how easy it can be!
In this webinar you will learn:
- The best ways to personalize email marketing campaigns
- How to leverage touch points through Marketing Automation
- Examples of brands achieving personalization through Marketing Automation


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OIRM Staff
The OIRM staff in 9/91 on the occasion of its receipt of a group Commissioner's Citation for "Providing to the Commissioner insightful, comprehensive and rapid analyses of technical and policy-related issues." Pictured, left to right: Jean Stern; Pat Keiser; MaryAnn Dufresne; George Failla; Commissioner Gwen King; Wendy Tayback; Sue Campbell; Gloria Tong; Lou Ann Rishel; Larry DeWitt. (Not pictured: Derek Wang. Randi Bailey and Kim Baldwin also joined the OIRM staff subsequent to the group's nomination.) Editor's personal collection.


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Just when I think I can't love Bobbi Brown anymore, she offers us all a second chance at the beloved Chocolates palette from the 2006 Fall Collection. Can I get a hallelujah? I missed out on this one and it's because I missed out on this palette that I vowed to never do it again. Yeah, I said it. I'm addicted to Bobbi Brown's face and eye palettes.
Not only is this gorgeous palette available exclusively at QVC right now, Bobbi packaged it as part of a seven piece collection called the Best of Bobbi The Chocolates. And it is stacked! Here's what is included:
- Chocolate eye palette, inlcudes: Bone, Caramel Toffee, Frappe, Champagne Truffle, Cacao, Stone, Chocolate)
- Lip palette, includes: Sandwash Tulle, Brown, Berry, Raisin Berry, Disco, Ball, Velvet Rope
- Full size gel liner in dark chocolate brown
- Pot rouge in brown pink (0.1 oz)
- Cystal clear lip gloss (0.24 fl oz.)
- Black Everything mascara (0.1 oz)
- Mini ultrafine liner brush
It's up on QVC for an introductory price of $92.67 + s/h and can be broken out into three easy pay payments. Thanks Bobbi for bringing Chocolates back!


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Dear visitor, welcome to SPRINKLER TALK FORUM - You Got Questions, We've Got Answers. If this is your first visit here, please read the Help. It explains how this page works. You must be registered before you can use all the page's features. Please use the registration form, to register here or read more information about the registration process. If you are already registered, please login here.
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Our culture is obsessed with perfection. We have endless debates about it: the perfect movie, the perfect job, the perfect car, the perfect guitar riff. We seek out the best restaurants and order the best entrée. And who isn't inspired to be the best by the song played during the All-Valley Karate Championships montage in The Karate Kid?
But should we strive for perfection in our applications? Is it worth continually delaying a release in order to make it perfect? And is there such a thing as absolute perfection?
Alex Martelli, senior staff engineer at Google and member of the Python Software Foundation, argued that we should shelve our predisposition for perfection when it comes to software. Martelli presented that good enough is indeed good enough for a release at his talk at OSCON this past week, advising developers to look at the word "perfect" as a verb meaning to polish, rather than the adjective meaning flawless.
"Perfection is only a process. It is not a state, at least on this sublunar world, because you never reach it," Martelli said. "There's always a little bit more, the goalpost keeps shifting, partly because you're dealing with real world issues."
What Not To Skimp On For 'Good Enough' Software
Martelli gave several items that he suggested developers not skimp on while creating a product. First, he advised that a lightweight, agile process be used. Revision control, code reviews, testing and a proper release practices are imperative to be built into the software from the start.
Developers should also code with style, clarity and elegance from the onset of their project. Being able to decipher and understand the code that was written will make it easier, and more fun, for them to improve upon later. Going hand-in-hand with this concept is the having a thorough documentation. Developers who don't document their code from the start will be forced to rely on future users having mind reading capabilities, which they obviously don't.
Martelli was adamant that all applications include security from the start. It is harder to add in security to an app later in the lifecycle, and developers storing data that has value should consider a hypothetical adversary willing to steal that information. Developers who don't bake security into their app may encounter someone who is willing to capitalize on the sloppiness of their code down the road.
Nice To Have, But Not Required
Some items are nice to have in your application from the start, but can be plugged in later. Features such as modularity, plug-ins, API and the ability to scale are all things that most developers desire to have in their software, but these items are technical debt that might be worth taking on to ship your product.
Martelli advised that similar to financial debt, technical debt is sometimes acceptable to incur—as long as you do it with care. "Having debt is not evil, as long as it procures you stuff that is useful and you don't let it get out of control," Martelli said.
On Possible Bugs In Your Software
By definition, bugs cause damage in your software. Yet, when it comes to whether software is good enough to release, developers should ask a simple question, "Is the damage going to be recoverable or not?" If the damage is deemed non-recoverable, the software might not be good enough to release.
However, there can be a certain tolerance for bugs that may cause recoverable damage. For example, while losing a top score in a game might be frustrating to a user, it is not the end of the world. One simple way developers can mitigate these types of bugs by placing a "Beta" label on their software. As your users uncover these bugs, it is necessary for the developer to fix them quickly. When this is done, Martelli argued that the reputation of the developers is not harmed; rather they can be seen as being service focused.
In The Pursuit Of Perfection
Developers must understand that what is good enough today is not necessarily acceptable tomorrow. While creating perfect software out of the gate might be impractical, it is important for developers to perfect their applications over time. Martelli advised developers to learn from real users' interactions with their software. By releasing early and releasing often, developers don't simply aspire to big dreams, but ultimately create software that can fulfill them.
Please visit Alex Martelli's site for a deck on this OSCON presentation.


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Oh, have we got something good in store for you. The scoop on BECCA Ultimate Colour Gloss, the brand spanking new launch of lip colors (or colours) making a move for your makeup bag this fall. How to appropriately summarize the Ultimate Colour Gloss? We think spectacular feels about right. They are smooth and shiny. Longwearing and weightless. And one coat gives you deep color. Yeah, it's basically the perfect gloss. As a bunch, the seven available shades make one enviable lip wardrobe. Miami Vice is a peachy nude that is perfect for everyone, Malibu Punch a fresh and bright tangerine, Hotel California a raspberry red and – my personal favorite — the deep berry Hummingbird.
L-R: Miami Vice, Pink Lotus, Palm Breeze, Hummingbird, Malibu Punch, Flamingo Crush, Hotel California
We are beyond excited to be teaming with BECCA to celebrate this launch. We have a very exciting giveaway: all SEVEN Ultimate Colour Glosses for one Product Girl reader. Leave a comment on this post letting us know what Ultimate Colour Gloss you are most excited to try. Do that by Friday, August 31 (U.S. residents only, pls!)
We've also teamed with BECCA to be a contest judge for their Ultimate Colour Inspiration Pinterest Contest. The prize is good stuff — three winners will get $150 to shop on BeccaCosmetics.com. Here's how to get involved :
– Follow BECCACosmetics on Pinterest
– Create a new board called "Ultimate Colour Inspiration" in the Hair & Beauty category
– Pick your favorite Ultimate Colour Gloss shade and pin that shade to your board
– Pin at least five other images that inspire you to add "Ultimate Colour" in your life
– Tag #BECCA #Ultimate Colour in each pin description
– After you've done all that, email the link, your name, address and to firstname.lastname@example.com
Check out our Pinterest Board here, inspired by Hummingbird! Can you tell fall is on the brain? Berry and more berry and all things that go with berry!
Good luck!


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I'm not gonna lie—I wouldn't have any idea where to start on a lot of these crazy do-it-yourself projects we cover. Build your own tablet? Forget about it. This little Simon Says kit, however, I could probably manage.
You know, Simon Says, that game where you try to remember the increasingly complex color patterns dished out by an overly aggressive robotic playmate (lowercase "p" robotic playmate, you perv).
Well now you can test your skills of memorization as well as your skills of instruction-following and dead-simple electronics assembly with this $25 kit from the Makers Shed. Yes! Now check "build something with a soldering iron" and/or "finally get back at Simon" off your bucket list. [Makers Shed via Make]


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Bakmoon wrote:I think the knowing of the factors had to occur as they occurred just from the grammar. It says:
This is grammatically distinctive in this sutta, as in the case of the terms samanupassati and pajanati, the terms were being used as the main verb, but the word we are interested in here is a participle used as an adverb, which implies contemporaneity, because the participle is describing how the action occurred. When it says "Known to him they arose" it means that they arose in a way which was known to him.Known to him they arose, known to him they remained, known to him they subsided.
That's my analysis, although I freely admit that it is possible that Pali participles work differently than in other languages.
Hi Bakmoon
Could you explain why the past participle viditā here appears to you to function adverbially? I think the general rule is for adverbs to be declined to the accusative? (see Geiger p.95) It should be an adjective, qualifying the noun dhammā.
It's not an easy passage, since the "tyāssa dhammā viditā uppajjanti" might be the continuation of preceding the ya-ta correlative clause that goes "Ye ca paṭhame jhāne ...tyāssa dhammā anupadavavatthitā honti". Bearing in mind that the honti appears to be functioning as an auxiliary verb, might it be possible that uppajjanti etc are also auxiliary in nature? Admittedly, this is unlikely, given Warder's short list of auxiliaries at Cap 24.
I am inclined to agree that the viditā is contemporaneous with the state's arising etc, but again, I am of the view that this has nothing to do with vipassanā. I interpret vipassanā to be the outcome of ruminative contemplation, whereas the absence of any mention of viditā in the 2 post-saññāsamāpattis suggests that vavattheti and vindati are allied to perception, rather than analysis.


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Monday, October 10, 2011
Monday Design Floor
8 comments:
- Jen said...
Love your ornaments. They are so fancy :) I followed the link to your daughter's designs. You should be proud! That is a gorgeous set of fabrics and she sounds like she loves desinging! Best of luck to her!
- October 10, 2011 at 12:52 PM
- LesQuilts said...
Sweet P Quilting, Paulette, had a picture of a block butler made by someone else, and they added 2 buttons on each side of the right side of the butler (when folded up) and then elastic sewed to each side of the back, so the elastic would loop to the front of the butler, held by the buttons. I think the elastic could be made from smaller covered hair elastics bands.
Great tree skirt and block butler!
Take care, Leslie
- October 10, 2011 at 1:33 PM
- Lynne said...
I love your daughter's designs and I really hope she wins. I would buy her fabric like a shot.
- October 10, 2011 at 3:38 PM
- Myra said...
Tree skirt is going to be wonderful! Wonderful ornaments! Your block carrier is great, and rightly so to be proud of Jessica!! Wonderful designs...
- October 10, 2011 at 5:08 PM
- Mary on Lake Pulaski said...
What a great tree skirt design Jill! Congratulations on your talented daughters recognition.
- October 10, 2011 at 8:38 PM
- Sandy said...
I received my Santa Swap presents. Thanks, I wish I hadn't agreed to wait until December. I'm a curious person !!!
- October 11, 2011 at 8:10 AM
- Ivory Spring said...
WOW! What beautiful projects, Jill! I love the tree skirt applique.
- October 11, 2011 at 3:37 PM
- Connie said...
This is really going to be a beautiful tree skirt!
- October 16, 2011 at 6:47 PM


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Wolves have sacked manager Stale Solbakken following their embarrassing FA Cup defeat to non-league Luton.
The npower Championship side confirmed in a statement they had terminated the contracts of the Norwegian as well as assistant manager Johan Lange and first-team coach Patrick Weiser.
Solbakken's six-month reign at Molineux has been an unqualified failure, with the newly-relegated club 18th in the table and now the victims of one of the biggest upsets of the third round.


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Consumer Alert: Changes in Flood Insurance Maps; (Dec-2009)
FEMA Flood Maps are Changing
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) are updating flood hazard maps across the country. These new flood maps, also, known as Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFIRMs), show flood risk at a property-by-property level. Changing weather patterns, erosion, and development can affect floodplain boundaries. The NFIP is currently updating and modernizing the nation's Rate Maps. Your home could be affected by these changes.
What are Flood Maps?
To identify a community's flood risk, FEMA conducts a Flood Insurance Study. The study includes statistical data for river flow, storm tides, hydrologic/hydraulic analyses, and rainfall and topographic surveys. FEMA uses this data to create the flood hazard maps that outline your community's different flood risk areas.
Flood Maps and Home Insurance
Everyone could sustain a loss from flooding, but not everyone faces the same level of flood risk. The NFIP helps communities understand their risk with flood maps. Risk levels are broken into three categories:
|High Risk Areas
|Medium Risk Areas
|Undetermined Risk Areas
|• Areas with at least a 1% chance of flooding annually.
|• Areas with less than 1% chance of flooding annually, but the possibility is not completely removed.
|• Areas where flood-hazard analysis has not been conducted but a flood risk still exists.
|• Flood insurance is required for anyone with a mortgage from a federally regulated or insured lender.
|• Flood insurance is not required, but it is recommended for all property owners because the risk of flood is still present.
|• Flood insurance is not required but flood risk still exists.
Federally regulated or insured lenders must require flood insurance on properties that are located in areas at high risk of flooding. Even if your home is in a medium or undetermined risk area, you should consider purchasing flood insurance because your property is still at some risk of flooding. You should remember that any lender can require flood insurance, even if it is not required to under federal law.
Why is FEMA Changing the Flood Maps?
The NAIC conducted the Health Insurance IQ study Oct. 21-26. The participant sample included a nationally representative sample of 1,000 American adults ages 18 and older with a margin of error +/- 3.1 percent in 95 out of 100 cases.
What Will Happen if my Home Changes Flood Zones?
When new maps are issued, your risk may have changed as well - along with your flood insurance requirements. However, there is usually a six- to twelve-month period between the time the new "preliminary" maps are issued and the time that they are implemented. This gives you adequate time to protect your property and, possibly, save on flood insurance.
If your property is mapped out of a high-risk area, your flood insurance costs will likely decrease. If you've been mapped into a high-risk area, you will be required to purchase flood insurance if your mortgage is through a federally regulated or insured lender. However, you can save money through a process known as "grandfathering." You can take advantage of grandfathering by obtaining a policy before the new maps take effect. You'll likely qualify for the NFIP Preferred Risk Policy (PRP), which covers buildings and their contents for as little as $119 for the first year. On renewal, you will qualify for the standard rates associated with moderate-to-low risk zones, rather than high-risk zones. To lock in the lower rate, you must purchase flood insurance before the new maps become effective - otherwise, the property will be rated using the high-risk flood zone on the new map.
If you live near a levee, your flood risk may be higher than you thought. Hundreds of levees across the country no longer meet federal standards for protection, so when new maps are issued, these areas will be shown as high risk.
FEMA uses the most accurate flood hazard information available and applies rigorous standards in developing the FIRMs. Recognizing that there will be some instances when areas are nonetheless inappropriately included in a high- or medium-risk area, FEMA established administrative procedures to change the designation for these properties on the FIRM. You can go to FEMA's website to learn more about this process.
Flood Insurance Basics
Standard homeowners insurance does not cover flooding; therefore, it is important to have protection from the floods associated with hurricanes, tropical storms, heavy rains and other conditions that impact the U.S. In 1968, Congress created the NFIP to help provide a means for property owners to financially protect themselves. The NFIP offers flood insurance to homeowners, renters, and business owners if their community participates in the NFIP. Participating communities agree to adopt and enforce ordinances that meet or exceed FEMA requirements to reduce the risk of flooding.
Buying Flood Insurance
NFIP estimates that more than five million people have flood insurance policies in more than 20,000 communities across the U.S. Flood insurance is sold by licensed insurers. If you are in a high-risk area, or would like to find out more about flood insurance, contact your insurance company or agent to find out if your community participates in the NFIP and to get a quote.
Flood Insurance Coverage - Building Versus Contents
Flood insurance protects two types of insurable property: building and contents. The first covers your building, the second covers your possessions. Flood insurance does not cover the land that your building occupies.
|Building Coverage
|Contents Coverage
|• The insured building and its foundation
|• Clothing, furniture, and electronic equipment
|• The electrical and plumbing system
|• Curtains
|• Central air conditioning equipment, furnaces, and water heaters
|• Portable and window air conditioners
|• Refrigerators, cooking stoves, and built-in appliances such as dishwashers
|• Portable microwaves and dishwashers
|• Permanently installed carpeting over unfinished flooring
|• Carpeting that is not already included in property coverage
|• Clothing washers and dryers
Flood Insurance Coverage - Replacement Cost Value Versus Actual Cash Value
The two most common reimbursement methods for flood claims are Replacement Cost Value (RCV) and Actual Cash Value (ACV). The RCV is the cost to replace damaged property. It is reimbursable to owners of single-family, primary residences insured to within 80% of the building's replacement cost. All other buildings and personal property (i.e. contents) are valued at ACV. The ACV is the RCV at the time of loss minus physical depreciation. Personal property is always valued using the ACV.
More Information
The NFIP is part of FEMA and not subject to state regulation. If you have any questions about the flood insurance, you should consult the NFIP website at www.floodsmart.gov.
If you have questions or are confused about your insurance coverage, contact the Massachusetts Division of Insurance at 617-521-7794 or visit www.mass.gov/doi.


text:
Faculty & StaffPage address: https://www.mnsu.edu/languages/scanstudies/faculty/
Program Director
Rennesa Jessup
Mailing Address/Office Location
Minnesota State University, Mankato
218E Armstrong Hall
Mankato, MN 56001
Phone: 507-389-2917
Email: email@example.com
- Ph.D., University of Washington
About Our Faculty
Faculty members who teach in the program are regular faculty in other departments, but they share their Scandinavian interests and areas of specialization with students in the program. Faculty members in the program have lived, studied, and traveled in the Nordic countries, and together they provide students with a broad spectrum of information.
The willingness of MSU faculty to work closely with you is an attractive feature of the program. All faculty have advanced degrees from Scandinavian and American universities, and no courses are taught by teaching assistants. You will be able to enjoy small classes taught by professors teaching their specialties!
In addition to teaching and mentoring students, Scandinavian Studies faculty are actively engaged in research projects and publication. Faculty regularly present their research at local, state, regional, national, and international conferences and have been awarded numerous Minnesota State University Faculty Research Grants, Faculty Improvement Grants, and Teaching Research Scholarships. They have also received grants and awards from regional, national, and international organizations including the National Endowment for the Humanities, the American-Scandinavian Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies, the International Research and Exchanges Board, the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Norwegian Information Service, the Royal Nordic Society of Antiquaries (Denmark), the Berit Wallenberg Foundation (Sweden), and the Birka International Foundation (Sweden). Some faculty are also involved in the Society for the Advancement for Scandinavian Study, the national association of scholars of Nordic studies.


text:
[NH] Reiki classes in Houston for all levels
Reiki classes in Houston for all levels
Reiki is a natural healing modality and easy to lean. Healing Today has provided classes to thousands of students since 1999.
We will present Reiki classes on May 10, 2017 in Houston, Texas near medical center (directions sent with confirmation).
The training is in traditional Usui Reiki. In the level 1 class the student is taught the basics of Reiki healing including the hand positions to practice on self and others.
The classes will be taught by Richard C. Fiallo, Reiki Master. Richard has been teaching and sharing Reiki with others since 1999 and has personally attuned over 5000 different students. The classes are always fun, informative and include lots of hands-on experience.
The fees to the Reiki classes include handout, attunement, and certificate. The level 1 class is only $75 total. The level 2 class is $85. Each workshop is all inclusive. There will also be a level 3 workshop ($175) on the following day.
Reiki classes in Houston
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