text:
Media 2006
|Statement: July 20, 2006
|View Printable PDF Version
|Docket No: OR06-8-000
Chairman Kelliher statement on Colonial Pipeline Company
"The declaratory order issued by the Commission today grants the essential elements of Colonial Pipeline Company's petition for declaratory order and should make possible a badly needed $1 billion expansion of the Colonial's pipeline system. Our action today will assure adequate supplies of gasoline and other petroleum products in the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic states and minimize future price increases that owe to transportation constraints. Our action is especially timely, given consumer concerns about gasoline prices.
Every day, Colonial Pipeline transports 2.4 million gallons of gasoline and other refined petroleum products over a 5,519 mile system that runs from Houston, Texas to Linden, New Jersey. This system supplies gasoline to the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic states, serving major cities such as New York, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Baltimore, as well as Washington, D.C. Colonial is a primary source of supply to this region.
The Colonial system was built over 40 years ago. Since that time, demand has grown substantially, the system has since become constrained, and Colonial has had to prorate or curtail shipments. In 2004, some movements on Colonial's system were prorated 25 percent of the time. Colonial indicates that by 2008, curtailments will occur for most of the year. If the Colonial system is not expanded, prorationing will become a routine occurrence. These bottlenecks have the effect of raising gasoline prices and the prices of other petroleum products, and as the constraints become more severe the price effects will become that much greater.
We had a glimpse of what this could mean last year. Last year, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita temporarily disrupted operation of Colonial Pipeline, not from physical damage to Colonial, but from loss of electrical power needed to operate the pipeline. We saw sudden and large gasoline price increases in the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic states.
Our order clears the way for the commencement of construction of an expansion in the Colonial system later this year, with operation to follow in 2010.
We have taken care to protect the consumer, not only by acting to assure adequate supplies of gasoline and other petroleum products, but also in our review of the proposed mechanism Colonial would use to recover the expansion costs. The Commission agreed that the recovery mechanism is appropriate in this instance if Colonial demonstrates that the revenues earned by application of its grandfathered transportation rate to the expansion volumes do not allow for recovery of expansion costs.
We are not setting any specific rate in this order. When Colonial actually files to recover the expansion costs, it must demonstrate that the recovery mechanism is consistent with this order as well as the Commission's other ratemaking principles."
|View Printable PDF Version


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|Louisiana Division
New Orleans Public Library
Statues in Duncan Plaza (as of May 6, 1996)
Duncan Plaza is the open space that lies in the New Orleans Civic Center on Loyola Avenue between Gravier and Perdido Streets. It is adjacent to the Louisiana State Office Building and the Louisiana Supreme Court and just across Gravier from the Main Library. Ann Kennedy of the Library's Periodicals, Arts, and Recreation Division compiled this list in May, 1996.
Back to Fact Finders

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Making ends meet a complex pursuit for some local families
New London - Cynthia Kucsera arrived at St. James Episcopal Church's food pantry prepared.
She brought crayons for her 3-year-old daughter, Storm, and a stroller for her 1-year-old son, Kody.
Kucsera knew that the wait to get food at the pantry could be long, depending on what number she picked in a lottery.
On a recent Tuesday, Kucsera was lucky. She selected the number 10, so she would be called soon after the pantry opened its doors at 10 a.m.
For Kucsera, a married mother of six, the food pantry offers an opportunity to feed her family fresh fruit and vegetables that she normally can't afford. For a brief period, the pantry also spares her from the unwelcome choices she faces all the time: Replace the broken stove or fill the car with gas? Buy food or pay for heat?
Her life consists of finding ingenious ways to make her money stretch, to entertain the children without spending money and to maintain a home when there is little money to do so.
Kucsera's struggle is not uncommon. According to a recently released study, one in eight households in New London County cannot always afford the food they need.
In 2010, the food insecurity rate in New London County - the percentage of the population whose access to food was limited or uncertain - was 11.7 percent, the study found.
Nancy Rossi, managing executive of the Gemma E. Moran United Way/Labor Food Center, said the perception is that the people who are unemployed or live on entitlements are the only ones struggling to put enough food on the table.
"What we are finding ... is that people are underemployed," Rossi said. "Folks that come to our feeding sites or food pantries are a paycheck away, a car payment away from a financial crisis. Some things we hear is that they had an unexpected bill, an unexpected illness, or cutback in hours. ... Those are the things that can upset already fragile finances. They are making decisions to either feed their families or themselves or pay a bill."
Kucsera smiles and keeps a brave face as she talks about the challenges of raising a family on a limited income. She was born deaf in her left ear and has partial hearing loss in her right. She got a cochlear implant in 2010 to help with the hearing loss.
Kucsera, 43, and her husband, Jason, 40, have five children together: 8-year-old twins Coral and Savanna, 5-year-old Skye, 3-year-old Storm, and Kody, who turned 1 on Wednesday. Kucsera also has a 16-year-old son, CJ Dominique, from a previous relationship, who also lives with them in their modest home on Jefferson Avenue.
Making difficult choices
Kucsera said her family lives on a strict budget, accepting the realization that they can't buy everything they want.
It's also about making choices, she said, even if they are unpleasant. Since August 2010, the Kucseras have been living in a house owned by Jason's father. They pay the mortgage, taxes and upkeep. They are grateful to have a roof over their heads. Previously they lived with relatives, in hotels and, in the spring of 2008, in tents at the Odetah campground in Bozrah.
"We will do everything in our power to keep a roof over our heads," Kucsera said. "We've got it made compared to what it was like before. I have to remind myself of that every day. So if that means not buying something, then so be it."
She has worked as a receptionist, cashier and waitress, but the hearing loss makes it difficult to understand accents, and even with the implant, she mostly relies on reading lips.
Her husband works on a horse farm in Salem. It's seasonal work but, she noted, it's stable income that they hadn't had in a while. He also plows snow in the winter.
The couple survive on Jason's income, her Social Security disability benefits, for which she qualified in September 2011, $300 in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits - formerly known as food stamps - and Women, Infants, and Children food vouchers that she receives for her two youngest children. Kody is allergic to milk and soy and requires a special formula that WIC helps her buy.
Kucsera said the family rarely goes clothes shopping, instead relying on hand-me-downs. Her husband is handy and can fix almost anything, she said, so if he sees a discarded toy or something the family can use, he will pick it up and fix it.
They got cable TV a year ago. Before that, it was just movies on DVDs purchased for $1 at pawn shops. The family stove is broken and, while a replacement is waiting on layaway, they cook family meals in a slow cooker, microwave and toaster oven.
During the winter, they heat the house only at night. If they run out of oil, they use a diesel mixture.
"We manage," Kucsera said. "We always do."
She said school officials know that her children must eat the free breakfasts and lunches provided there since they cannot afford to feed the children at home.
She said the food she gets from the pantry frees up money to buy other types of food. The family can go through a gallon of milk and a carton of eggs a day. They can go through four boxes of macaroni and cheese and three cans of vegetables in one sitting.
"Otherwise, it's robbing Peter to pay Paul," Kucsera said. "We also live off credit cards."
Kucsera said she fills her car with gas and expects it to last for a few weeks, but even that can be challenging, since she has to take her twin daughters to various medical appointments. One twin suffers from seizures and the other lost vision in her right eye, she said.
Fresh fruits and vegetables
It is finally Kucsera's turn to enter The Lord's Pantry. She pushes her stroller while her daughter follows behind. Volunteers offer her fresh onions, lettuce, grapes, peaches, corn, bananas, meat and bread. She says, "Yes, thank you" each time.
"When we go to the store and the choice is between vegetables or buy some meat, I'm going to choose meat because it's more filling," Kucsera said. "It's expensive to buy fresh foods so we mostly rely on canned goods. When my children and I go to the store, they know not to ask for anything that has a two or three in front of the price. We are on a strict budget."
This particular Tuesday is Kucsera's third visit to the food pantry. She learned about it when she went to the Thames Valley Council for Community Action Inc., the region's social service agency that helps low-income individuals in New London apply for heating assistance. There, on a bulletin board, she saw some information about The Lord's Pantry at St. James. TVCCA gave her a voucher that allows her to get food there.
"This was different from other pantries because they gave us fresh fruit and vegetables and loaves of bread," Kucsera said. "When my kids saw what I was able to get, they literally just ate that for like three straight days."
More in need than ever
Jason Martin, social services manager at TVCCA, said the downturn in the economy is bringing in a new population seeking assistance. The United Way food bank distributes more than 2 million pounds of food every year to nearly 100 member feeding sites, including shelters, soup kitchens, food pantries, programs for the elderly, child care centers and community meals sites, all in New London County.
He said pantries in the winter months get busier as people face additional expenses such as heating their homes.
"It used to be that people would go to a food pantry in an emergency, but now they are using it as a subsidy," Martin said.
St. James receives its food for its weekly food distributions from the food bank. Last month, the pantry provided 3,250 meals and served 396 clients.
Kucsera's children, she said, always have smiles on their faces and know not to ask for anything. But being children, sometimes they can't resist. When that happens, they each get $1 so they can buy something at the Dollar Store.
Her eldest, CJ, is the children's guardian, she said, and never asks for anything for himself. He lets them eat first before he serves himself. The unofficial rule in the household is that the children eat first, then the adults.
"My children teach me something every day," Kucsera said. "They are happy and that's all that matters. You know, I'm lucky. There is someone out there that just lost their child."
Stories that may interest you
Education on the water
Students from the Ledyard, Fitch, and New London high schools' "More Than Words" diversity leadership group embark on the schooner Amistad for the final lesson in the Discovering Amistad curriculum Monday.
Tribal youth killed in all-terrain vehicle accident
Ten-year-old boy was riding alone at time of mishap, tribal police chief says
Millennial Adventures: Out of my comfort zone, into the mosh pit
Anyone who has met me knows that I'm not especially daring. That changed earlier this month, at least for one night, when I decided that I was going to go to Boston for a concert on a school night.
My Pet Pal: Sarah, Sadie and Sammy
It's difficult to get Sarah in a photo with the cats.


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1. nail - noun
· horny plate covering and protecting part of the dorsal surface of the digits
Hypernym(s): horny_structure, unguis
2. nail - noun
· a thin pointed piece of metal that is hammered into materials as a fastener
Hypernym(s): fastener, fastening, holdfast, fixing
3. nail - noun
· a former unit of length for cloth equal to 1/16 of a yard
Hypernym(s): linear_unit, linear_measure
4. nail - verb
· attach something somewhere by means of nails; "nail the board onto the wall"
Hypernym(s): attach
5. nail - verb
· take into custody; "the police nabbed the suspected criminals"
Synonym(s): collar, apprehend, arrest, pick_up, nab, cop
Hypernym(s): seize, prehend, clutch
6. nail - verb
· hit hard; "He smashed a 3-run homer"
Synonym(s): smash, boom, blast
Hypernym(s): hit
7. nail - verb
· succeed in obtaining a position; "He nailed down a spot at Harvard"
Hypernym(s): succeed, win, come_through, bring_home_the_bacon, deliver_the_goods
8. nail - verb
· succeed at easily; "She sailed through her exams"; "You will pass with flying colors"; "She nailed her astrophysics course"
Synonym(s): breeze_through, ace, pass_with_flying_colors, sweep_through, sail_through
9. nail - verb
· locate exactly; "can you pinpoint the position of the enemy?"; "The chemists could not nail the identity of the chromosome"
Synonym(s): pinpoint
10. nail - verb
· complete a pass
Synonym(s): complete
Hypernym(s): play
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• The Schedule
Friday, September 30, 2011 at 7:00 p.m.
UCSB Gauchos vs. Long Beach State 49ers
at UCSB's Meredith Field at Harder Stadium
Online: KCSB.org
Live Stats available at UCSBgauchos.com
Live Stream available at Big West.org
Sunday, October 2, 2011 at 1:00 p.m.
UCSB Gauchos vs. Cal State Fullerton Titans
at UCSB's Meredith Field at Harder Stadium
Online: KCSB.org
Live Stats available at UCSBgauchos.com
Live Stream available at Big West.org
• Tickets Available
Tickets for all UCSB women's soccer games are available one hour prior to kick-off at Meredith Field at Harder Stadium. They can also be purchased by calling 805-893-UCSB, by visiting the Ticket Office in the Intercollegiate Athletics Building on campus or by clicking here.
• The Gaucho Record
UCSB enters its Friday night Big West opener against Long Beach State with a record of 5-5-2 The Gauchos posted a 1-1 time in their last outing, a Sept. 25 game at Cal State Bakersfield and they are unbeaten in three straight. The last time UCSB played a home game on Sept. 18, it recorded a 1-0 win over Nevada.
• This Week
When Santa Barbara opens Big West play against Long Beach State, it will be a match-up of the last three Big West Tournament winners. In 2010, the 49ers defeated UC Irvine for the conference title and advanced to the NCAA Tournament. UCSB won the league tournament crown in 2008 and 2009. The Gauchos will also host Cal State Fullerton on Sunday in an afternoon game.
• UCSB Unbeaten In Three Straight...It Had Been A While
UCSB needed a second half goal to record a 1-1 tie at Cal State Bakersfield on Sunday and in doing so, extended its unbeaten streak to three in a row. Prior to the tie against the Roadrunners, the Gauchos posted 1-0 wins over Nevada and at San Diego State. The current three-game unbeaten string is the longest since UCSB's longest since it opened the 2010 season with a 3-0 record.
• Gimme Shelton
The Rolling Stones have a great tune callled "Gimme Shelter" and these days, Gaucho head coach Paul Stumpf has a tune of his own and it could easily be called "Gimme Shelton." In each of the last two games, sophomore Erica Shelton, who splits time between forward and midfield, has scored UCSB's only goals. Her late penalty kick score on Sept. 21 at San Diego State gave the Gauchos a 1-0 road win over the Aztecs and her second half tally at Cal State Bakersfield helped them salvage a 1-1 tie to extend their unbeaten streak to three. The goals were the first two of the season for Shelton, a Bakersfield native. She now has three in her one-plus season in Santa Barbara. For her efforts. Shelton was named Big West Offensive Player of the Week, becoming the first UCSB player to win a weekly award in 2011.
• Number One, Number One, Number One...
The Beatles had a song called "Revolution Number Nine." The tune pretty much repeated the two words "number nine" over and over. In sticking with the rock 'n roll theme, Paul Stumpf could easily be forgiven if he penned a piece called "Revolution Number One." UCSB has scored exactly one goal in three straight games, four of the last five and seven times in 12 contests this year. As a testament to the team's defense, the Gauchos have actually won three of the one-goal games and tied two others.
• After The Aberration
UCSB's normally stellar defense went on the fritz for a pair of matches, granted they were against nationally-ranked Pepperdine and Michigan State, but still, a Gaucho team rarely gives up seven goals over a two-game stretch. Well, in the last three, the defense has caught its second wind, allowing just one goal over a 290 minute span. In the last three, UCSB has outshot the opposition, 49-15.
• On The Stumpf
Paul Stumpf is in his 13th season as the head coach at UC Santa Barbara. He has a record of 121-100-31. His 121 wins are the most in school history. On Sept. 9, 2009 he became the school's all-time leader in coaching with as the Gauchos defeated William and Mary, 2-0. Stumpf has guided UCSB to two of the last three NCAA Tournaments. Prior to 2008, the Gauchos had not been to the tourney since 1991. 2008 also marked the fifth time that Stumpf has guided the Gauchos to at least 10 wins. He has led the program to records of .500 or better in eight of the last 12 seasons, including, at one point, four straight seasons of 10 or more victories, the first time the program had accomplished that feat since 1988-91. In 1999, Stumpf's first season as the head coach at UCSB, he took a team that was picked to finish last in the conference, and instead posted an 8-9-1 overall record and a 5-4 mark in the Big West. Following the season, he was chosen as the Big West's Coach of the Year. On two occasions, Stumpf's UCSB teams have won the Big West regular season title.


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Pet of the Week - Dec. 5, 2011
- Written by Homeward Pet Adoption
Otto is such a cool cat and all of us at Homeward Pet think he knows it. Is he conceited? Well not really, but overly self confident, most definitely! Just a gaze in the mirror would let Otto know that he is one handsome dude.
This 3 year old has a little bit of that Siamese attitude which just adds to his suaveness. Otto loves to play with toys and can wear himself out playing with feather toys or chasing a ball. When this blue eyed beauty is in the mood, he will curl up in your lap and "allow" you to pet him. His previous owners, who moved out of the country, had no children or other pets so we're thinking being the only pet, the "King of the Castle," might suit this fun-lovin' guy just fine.
Come to Homeward Pet to meet Otto! We're located at 13132 NE 177th Place in Woodinville. Our shelter is open for visitors between noon and 6 p.m., Wednesday through Sunday.
See all our adoptable dogs, cats, kittens and puppies at www.homewardpet.org.


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2.5 stars (out of 4)
In the '80s and through much of the '90s, no one sounded quite like Lisa Gerrard and Brendan Perry, an Australian duo who injected their atmospheric tone poems with centuries-old folk and neo-classical music. Gerrard's beautiful, wordless vocals made the music even more difficult to pin down, freeing Dead Can Dance to touch on Goth darkness, New Age mysticism, ambient drone, dream-pop melody and world-music exoticism without fully embracing any one genre.
Their last studio album appeared in 1997, suggesting that Dead Can Dance had run its course. After 16 years in which they focused on their solo work, Gerrard and Perry renew their collaboration with the unexpected and understated "Anastasis" (Pias).
In many ways, the new work is a good deal less daring and adventurous than their finest albums. It doesn't feel like a complete melding of sensibilities, in the way masterworks such as "Aion" (1990) or "The Serpent's Egg" (1988) once did. At times, Perry's lyrics come off as solemn and ponderous ("We are the children of the sun/ Our kingdom will come/ Sunflowers in our hair," he intones as if reciting from stone tablets). The music is even more glacial than usual, the stately tempos providing little variation. At first listen, these slow-moving tracks (seven of the eight clock in at well over six minutes) blend too easily with too few distinguishing traits.
But with this less melodramatic, late-period Dance Can Dance, the finer things are encoded in the details: the West Indian steel drum and low background hum of voices on "Opium," the haunting piano notes that drift in and out of "Anabasis," the Middle Eastern strings of "Agape." And almost every time Gerrard enters, the skies open. She's still the Siren from Mars, reason alone for Dead Can Dance fans to celebrate.


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DMZ Defector Had to Run After Jeep Lost Wheel
Photo Credit: Getty Images
A North Korean soldier fired on by his former comrades during a desperate attempt to defect across the DMZ Monday was shot at least five times but is expected to survive, South Korean authorities say. Officials say the soldier drove a jeep toward the Joint Security Area—the only portion of the DMZ where South and North Korean troops stand face-to-face—but was forced to make a run for it when a wheel came loose, the BBC reports; the APdescribes one of the car's wheels as falling in a ditch.
He "continued fleeing south across the line as he was fired upon by other soldiers from North Korea," according to the US-led United Nations command. South Korean troops crawled to rescue the man after he took cover behind a building on their side.
Read the full story on Newser.com
- Daredevil Who Did the Unthinkable at Everest Is Dead
- Afraid of North Korea's Nukes? It May Have Something Worse
- As He Ran Across the DMZ, His Fellow Soldiers Shot Him


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Visual Tracking of the ISS
This article describes my very first attempts to visually track the International Space Station (ISS) using my MEADE ET-90 telescope. The objectives are:
- To succeed with autonomous tracking of the ISS
- To capture it on video
There are many technological challenges involved in this endeavor:
- Tracking
- Visible passes occur shortly after sunset and it may be difficult to align the ETX-90 with adequate accuracy and precision (Good alignment requires stars). Alternatively, a morning pass just before sunrise could be tried. There is also a dilemma wrt. magnification. To see structure you want to use high magnification but the higher the magnification the more difficult tracking becomes since the field of view is reduced.
- Capturing
- I only have cheap video and photo equipment and it may turn out to be impossible to do a proper recording. For example autofocus and thing like that may ruin the capture when the object is a fuzzy spacecraft moving in and out of the field. A potential solution could be to use the video function of my photo camera because once it doesn't adjust anything while recording.
12 May 2009: First successful sighting with ETX-90
There was a good visual pass between 22:41 and 22:45 local time. It was the first time I decided to attempt tracking with ETX-90. I used the 26mm eyepiece giving 34x magnification.
Since there was no time to align the telescope, tracking was done manually. The sky was quite dark (sunset occurred at 21:05) and the ISS very bright. I managed to catch the ISS in the eyepiece and follow it for several minutes – even until it wasn't visible to the naked eye anymore. While tracking, I lost it several times but it was relatively easy to catch it again. I also attempted to track using the motor drive and it is possible to use it by selecting the proper speed.
26mm / 34x wasn't enough to clearly see structure. I suppose I'll need at least 100x That would be a 9mm eyeppiece FOV: ??? TODO
Required tracking speed is always less than 1° / sec (details to be specified)


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4/8/14 Article from Wicked Local in Ipswich, Mass.
Have you ever felt frustrated because the big fossil fuel companies keep burning coal, oil, and gas rather than investing in renewable energy like solar and wind?
Or does it make you angry that these companies have already discovered adequate quantities of fossil fuels to raise the temperature of the planet to a level not compatible with life as we know it, yet they continue to invest in further exploration?
Or are you concerned that they have the resources to spend so heavily on lobbying to maintain the status quo?
Other Ipswich residents are.
As a result, ICARE, the Ipswich Citizens Advocating Renewable Energy, supported a panel discussion presented by 350ma.org on Saturday, March 29, at the Ipswich Public Library, that explored the feasibility of addressing climate change through divestment of personal and institutional assets from fossil fuel companies.
The panel included members of the sponsor organizations, a financial advisor, and a representative of the Unitarian Universalist Church in Cambridge that is in the process of divesting their assets from fossil fuel companies.
Also on the panel was Sean Keith, a student at Pingree School, representing a group of students working to have Pingree divest its assets from fossil fuel companies.
The panel presentation kicked off with a short segment of the "Do the Math" documentary featuring Bill McKibben of 350.org. This has played several times on ICAM local access TV, Comcast channel 9, and Verizon channel 33.
McKibben noted three critical numbers: 2 degrees celsius is the highest temperature increase the earth can stand before life as we know it is dramatically altered, 20 percent is the amount of already discovered fossil fuel resources that can ever be burned before we reach the 2 degrees Celsius threshold, and 350 parts per million is the highest level of carbon dioxide that can be in the atmosphere without major climate change. The current level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is about 401 parts per million and rising.
Yes, we are in trouble.
All the panelists agreed divestment was one important approach to climate change — to reduce the availability of capital to the fossil fuel companies, and to emphasize how concerned we all are about their actions. They also felt a divestment campaign, through schools, non-profits, retirement funds, and personal accounts, is important in educating people about the issues and efforts that people can participate in to address it. Panelists also pointed out that as more people understand the breadth of the problem and the excess of fuel reserves already known and under development, the carbon bubble will burst and the value of investments in them will drop. It makes good fiduciary sense to divest.
One of the panelists went through a series of arguments that have been made against divestment and addressed how each of them is refuted. Another panelist read quotes from a variety of officials in the know, including the president of the World Bank, who recommended divesting from fossil fuels and investing in renewables.
If you missed the panel in Ipswich, there will be another in Salem on Saturday, April 26, 10 a.m. at the First Church Unitarian Universalist and in Gloucester on Saturday, May 10, 10 a.m. at the Sawyer Library. A similar panel held earlier this year in Massachusetts will be shown this coming Sunday, April 6 at 8 p.m. on ICAM, Comcast channel 9 and Verizon channel 33.
Carolyn Britt is a member of 350ma.org


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Private prison company has acknowledged it understaffed mandatory minimum posts
By Rebecca Boone
Associated Press
BOISE, Idaho (AP) — A federal judge says he will decide soon if Corrections Corporation of America should be held in contempt of court for violating a settlement agreement it had with inmates at an Idaho prison requiring the company to increase staffing.
U.S. District Judge David Carter told attorneys for both the American Civil Liberties Union and the Nashville, Tenn.-based private prison company that he planned to review the evidence immediately while it was still fresh in his mind from the hearing.
The hearing was requested by the ACLU of Idaho, which is representing inmates at the CCA-run Idaho Correctional Center. The inmates sued CCA in 2010, saying the facility was so violent prisoners called it "Gladiator School." CCA denied the allegations but reached a settlement the following year that required widespread changes at the prison, including increased staffing.
The company earlier this year acknowledged it understaffed mandatory minimum posts by 4,800 hours over seven months in 2012. On Wednesday, company officials said that understaffing was during night shifts, and the company didn't investigate day shift patterns.
The settlement agreement was originally set to expire on Sept. 16. But the ACLU wants the judge to extend the agreement — and thus, oversight of the court. The ACLU says the company is still not meeting minimum staffing required under both the settlement and its $29 million contract with the Idaho Department of Correction.
CCA's attorney, Dan Struck, told the judge in closing arguments Thursday evening that CCA has taken meaningful and effective steps to resolve the matter and had already agreed to extend the settlement agreement, but the ACLU's attorney, Stephen Pevar, refused.
"Before we spent thousands of dollars in the last two weeks litigating this issue, CCA offered to extend the settlement. CCA offered to hire Bill Collins to investigate the staffing issue. CCA offered to pay costs associated with filing this action," Struck said. "Mr. Pevar said no. He wanted a public display and to put CCA in stocks and embarrass CCA."
Several CCA officials testified about the steps the company had taken to investigate the staffing problems, and said the staffing reports were falsified without the Idaho warden or his supervisors ever suspecting the problem.
Regional director Kevin Myers said the monthly salary budgets seemed to be about normal and didn't raise any red flags to investigate during the understaffed period. When the problem was discovered — during a separate company investigation into another employee matter — CCA officials immediately launched an investigation and turned their findings over to the Idaho Department of Correction, CCA's ethics officer Scott Craddock said.
Former ICC warden Tim Wengler noted that assaults went down dramatically over his four-year tenure at the prison, with no inmates needing to be taken for medical treatment offsite because of assaults during his last three years. Wengler stepped down from the post in May.
"When they heard about the problem they immediately instituted an investigation," Struck told the judge in his closing arguments. "They let Idaho know what was going on, they let them know they were doing an investigation, and they hired an excellent firm out of Tennessee ... to investigate something that's very difficult to try and unravel."
The point of the settlement agreement was to reduce violence at the prison — a goal CCA achieved, Struck said.
"CCA took the time, took reasonable steps. They hired more staff. They conducted more training," he said. "... And they reduced the violence at the facility and they reduced the severity of violence at the facility."
Pevar, the ACLU's attorney, told the judge he thinks CCA is avoiding taking the steps to fix understaffing for good.
"CCA did the easy part. It investigated the number of hours and then it stopped. It never asked the question, and it still hasn't asked the question, "Who is responsible?" Pevar said. "I submit the reason they're not asking that question is because they know what the answer is. It would look horrible if CCA were to terminate one of their own wardens."
He noted that the company was still having trouble filling the mandatory positions, with posts left unfilled as recently as two weeks ago.
"When people do bad things, they're punished. My clients have been punished," Pevar said of the inmates who brought the lawsuit. "CCA has done a bad thing and they're not even acknowledging it to this day."
CCA spokesman Steve Owen said the company is working to ensure the staffing problems never happen again, and that CCA "is fully committed to making taxpayers whole for any unverified hours." He said safety of inmates and staffers is a top priority for the company.


text:
Fieldbus Wars continue: EDDL vs. FDT/DTM
Fieldbus technology expert Dick Caro predicts that as Ethernet-based control networks converge into the domain of fieldbus, there will eventually be a conflict between OPC/DX, FDT/DTM, and EDDL.
FOR MANY YEARS, the User Layer working group of ISA standards committee SP50--the creator of the function block concept now used in Foundation Fieldbus--characterized the function block as a software object resident on any network node. As in any software object, the internal algorithm of the function block is not visible or programmable by the user, although the supplier typically documents it. All the function block's communication with the outside world is through its parameters, called "attributes" in software object language. The attributes are defined by the programming of the function block as specified in Foundation Fieldbus specifications or the supplier's proprietary specifications, but their values are supplied from one of four sources:
- Dynamic output attributes, such as the desired output valve position of a PID, are from the function block calculation,
- Dynamic upstream cascade linkage, such as setpoints in a multi-level cascade,
- Data entry by the configuration engineer during function block configuration, such as for initialization options
- Operator or control engineer data entry during operation, such as for tuning parameters or manual setpoints, from the operator HMI.
Following this design, the name, data type, and any initial default values for function block attributes in Foundation Fieldbus were defined in the Device Descriptions or DDs that were exactly modeled on the equivalent definitions of HART. Profibus-PA also had similar definitions called EDDs, but were less well-defined, since there were no specified computations specified in the Profibus-PA standard for field devices. All of this has now changed since there has been an agreement by the Fieldbus Foundation, HART Communications Foundation, and Profibus International to use the common EDDL being defined in a draft international standard: IEC 61804-2 (2004-05), "Function Blocks (FB) For Process Control - Part 2: Specification of FB Concept and Electronic Device Description Language (EDDL)." All three consortiums are presently in the process of adapting the attributes specified in the draft standard to the same functions previously expressed by their proprietary data definitions. Therefore, all suppliers conforming to any of these three fieldbus specifications will accept the same terminology for any one attribute.
More than 20 different pressure transducers connected via Foundation Fieldbus, saving wiring cost and making operation easier.
The following is a description of EDDL from the announcement of joint cooperation by the Fieldbus Foundation, HART Communications Foundation, PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation e.V., and OPC Foundation:
"With EDDL, device developers do not need to deal with the burden of designing and programming a graphic display system to run under a variety of platforms and environments, from large HMIs to the small handheld. Instead, they can utilize common graphic display capabilities provided by commands in the EDDL. Since many host systems today already implement EDDL-based graphic display systems, devices using the extended EDDL have a common look and feel with existing devices. This permits uniform integration, configuration/setup, operation and diagnostics/maintenance, all very important in an interoperable, multi-vendor environment."
EDDL seems to handle the problems of data exchange for both real-time access and for engineering use as long as the host system is a process control-oriented DCS or similar computer-based system. However, for general data access to user written or utility data historian software, another data access mechanism has been necessary. This application need has been filled by OPC. Again, OPC assumes the presence of software objects in the real-time system, and access to the named attributes of those objects, and is the reason OPC supports the EDDL agreement.
FDT (Field Device Tools) was created, several years before the EDDL agreement, to eliminate the need for the user to maintain the different attribute definitions for each fieldbus in use. FDT allows the field device supplier to offer a single DTM (Device Type Manager) independent of the fieldbus to be used for a project, whereas the host device uses an FDT Framework server that communicates with the DTMs of the field devices. Only the field device manufacturer knows the relationship between the DTM parameters and the equivalent EDDs. Most process control suppliers seem to be supporting FDT, especially those that also support Profibus-PA. FDT does not seem to have this same level of support in the factory automation world since few PLC suppliers have created FDT Framework servers or DTMs for binary field devices.
The following is extracted from paragraph 1.4 of the FDT Interface Specification, Ver 1.2, 2004: "Within FDT only interfaces in ActiveX technology are specified for the engineering components of field devices. If the engineering system implements the corresponding interfaces, the ActiveX technology provides the automatic integration of the components and takes care of the interaction between the engineering system and the software components of the devices. Furthermore the FDT interface specification allows the integration of device components with integrated user interfaces as well as the embedding of ActiveX controls provided by the device component for special engineering tasks."
FDT advocates are quick to point out that FDT was designed to support the field device configuration tools, but not the real-time operational software for which EDDs are designed. The question is: Now that EDDs have been defined as a standard by the IEC, making no distinction between engineering use and real-time use, and have been accepted by all three process control fieldbus consortiums, is there any need for FDT?
To complicate the matter even further, OPC (Online linking and embedding for Process Control) also has applications in this same space: the interface between the control system and the field device. OPC states that it is a high-level protocol for standardizing "host to controller communications."
However, with controllers potentially resident in field devices, OPC impacts this same area of communications. FDT claims to be a high-level protocol for standardizing field device to engineering configuration tools. Both are built on Microsoft COM/DCOM and use XML-encoded data frames (in OPC/DX and OPC/XML). OPC states that it is intended for Ethernet-based automation networks, whereas FDT is designed for fieldbus networks. However, OPC has been used on a wide variety of networks other than Ethernet, as well as with operating systems other than Windows. Furthermore, OPC is now used with Foundation Fieldbus networks to access measurement and control attributes of Foundation Fieldbus function blocks in both controller and field devices. Finally, as stated in the announcement of joint cooperation, the OPC Foundation supports EDDL. Clearly, as Ethernet-based control networks converge into the domain of fieldbus, there will eventually be a conflict between OPC/DX, FDT/DTM, and EDDL.
Practical Analysis
Process control end users do not write programs, and do not see these interfaces directly. They see only software tools provided by the device or system manufacturer that usually express the attributes by an expressive phrase such as "High-High Limit." This permits the software supplier to build data input scripts in different languages according to the native language of the end user. Entire closed loop regulatory control systems are configured without knowing EDDL, FDT, or OPC using only the fill-in-the-blanks on-screen forms provided by the control system supplier's engineering software. Likewise, HMI screens and SCADA systems can be configured using only the tools provided by the HMI or SCADA software supplier without knowing EDDL, FDT, or OPC.
Fieldbus and smart valves permit locating the controller in the control valve, distributing control to the exact point it is needed.
DDL is presently used by most DCS suppliers to design robust operator HMI and engineering tools for system configuration. The EDDL modifications simplify this software by elimination of many proprietary extensions and differences between the fieldbuses. Legacy DDL-based field devices from all suppliers will interoperate with DCSs written to this new standard. DCS suppliers will be free to make any changes without affecting field device performance.
FDT/DTM was developed with goals similar to DDL, but directed toward simplification of engineering software used to configure systems with intelligent field devices operating on several different networks. The goals for the development of FDT/DTM are admirable, but they were developed well before the evolution of EDDL. Now, from the position of looking backwards from the future, it appears that EDDL exceeds the goals of FDT/DTM in the following ways:
- More field instruments will continue to be available with EDDL, and not FDT/DTM.
- HMI displays of field device data will be more clear and uniform since they will be able to use EDDL.
- Use of EDDL for both configuration and operation provides much better integration with HMI and control systems.
- Control system and field device suppliers need only maintain a single interface data set.
It should also be noted that FDT/DTM does not provide for servicing the millions of HART, Profibus DP and Foundation fieldbus devices already installed by users without DTM support, but which support legacy DDL. FDT/DTM is also not currently supported on thousands of existing modern control systems installed over the past decade that support legacy DDL, and can use software updates to support EDDL.
Technical Analysis
FDT is designed to be a "software receptacle" into which a DTM from each field device is "inserted." FDT provides interfaces to the control system and becomes an integral part of it. FDT provides access to underlying services such as display, keyboard, database, digital communication interfaces, and other control system features. The mechanism is much the same as used within Microsoft Office to "insert" an Excel spreadsheet into a Word document.
The FDT specification requires the control system to be implementated using Microsoft Windows Operating System (OS) since it is built on Microsoft's Component Object Model (COM) and Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) technology. Since COM/DCOM was not intended to communicate with process automation field devices, FDT extends these technologies to accommodate this requirement.
FDT provides the interface to the HART, Profibus, and/or Foundation Fieldbus communication drivers if they are present in the control system.
DTM software is supplied by the field device supplier as an Active X component on a disk or via the Internet. FDT is installed on the computer to be used for configuration as a component of its software architecture. The DTMs from each type of field device are then "plugged into" the FDT, using Microsoft Active X. Using available FDT services, the DTM provides all access to the field device during configuration.
All the information the field device manufacturer wishes to make available is programmed into the DTM. This includes real-time data, alarms, events, configuration information, screen displays, multilingual help screens, device specific documentation, parameter validity check, generation of dependent variables, diagnostic functions, and the device calibration sequence. A DTM can support more than one type of field device, but this increases its programming complexity.
In the FDT/DTM architecture, software for implementing HMI visualization of field device data is the responsibility of the field device suppliers. The HMI screen images appearing with data from the field devices have a different look and feel depending on the definitions of each field device supplier, and are not designed by the HMI supplier or the control system supplier. In contrast, EDDL ensures a consistent look and feel on the HMI of the control system, because the control system supplier designs a single interpretation for all device description files. The field device supplier only defines the specific DDs used for that field device and any of its function blocks, after they have been configured. FDT/DTM is not presently capable of providing a DTM that can display the DDs of a configured (instantiated) function block in a field device.
EDDL is designed for interoperability with all operating systems, since it does not depend upon any operating system support. FDT/DTM requires drivers (DTMs) that tightly integrate the field device software with the HMI or DCS operating system. This executable software must be maintained by the field device manufacturer and integrated by the control system supplier each time the operating system is updated.
FDT/DTM technology's operating system dependence, and its requirement for tight integration of software, lead to more challenging upgrades. For example, there are significant differences between Microsoft Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 2000, and XP operating systems. More significant changes are coming in future Microsoft Windows releases that may require significant Graphical User Interface (GUI) changes. Each new operating system will likely require changes in ActiveX components that are part of the DTM. It is not reasonable to expect field device suppliers to maintain different software versions of their DTMs compatible with all of the versions of Windows used by the DCSs owned by their customers.
Finally, it is not reasonable to expect that all future HMI software will operate on a Microsoft Windows operating system, and will support COM/DCOM and ActiveX objects. Such operating system dependencies are at odds with the needs of industrial automation, even though we have been used WinTel-based systems for several years. The history of this industry also involves products constructed with various versions of UNIX. Use of FDT/DTM would preclude the use of Linux in future HMIs simply because it does not support the ActiveX architecture.
EDDL is operating system independent, and can be implemented without any dependencies on a specific host architecture. EDDL will certainly be supported on a Windows environment, but is easily implemented in a Linux or any other operating system environment. Field device suppliers have been supplying DDs for more than a decade and will find it easy to expand their capabilities with EDDL.
Conclusion and Recommendation
At the time it was created, FDT/DTM was a good idea, especially to compensate for the diversity of fieldbuses and the highly divisive market at that time. The situation has changed dramatically over the past few years: first by the agreements at the fieldbus standards level, and now by the adoption of an international standard EDDL by all of the major process control-oriented fieldbus consortiums. FDT/DTM has done its work with the majority of its ideas being included into the scope of EDDL.
End users are tired of vendor squabbling over technical issues that do not affect their ability to do work, and tend to divide the market over inconsequential issues. FDT/DTM has now become one of those inconsequential issues that tend to inhibit the end user from freely selecting field instrumentation based on important issues of accuracy, availability, longevity, serviceability, delivery and price. For the 95 percent of end users interested in using one of the dominant three fieldbuses--HART, Profibus-PA, or Foundation Fieldbus-- support of EDDL is an important issue. Support of FDT/DTM is no longer important and only serves to mask the important issues. Suppliers of both control systems and field instrumentation should concentrate all of the limited resources on development and support of EDDL, and no longer implement or enhance FDT/DTM beyond current levels.
|About the Author


text:
Male Chorus
Male Chorus is a select TTBB chorus that performs easy to medium difficult choral literature for male voices. The repertoire of the ensemble is chosen from the full spectrum of sacred and secular choral music from early historical periods to the present. Male Chorus sings for regular campus chapel services, Christmas at Concordia, and the spring Festival of Anthems and Lessons concert. Male Chorus combines occasionally with the Women's Chorale to sing mixed choir (SATB) music.
The choir consists of students representing the diversity of academic programs at Concordia. Membership is open to all males. A vocal placement audition is held at the beginning of each semester. Many members choose to study voice privately with Concordia's voice faculty.


text:
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text:
r. Accomplished Instructor Appears
On Campus For Budding Teachers
Mrs. Gloria Courtmeyer, 1967 the Junior High level of the Circle
Minnesota Teacher of the Year Pines school district.
will be addressing the Bethel chap- In a brief release handed to the
ter of the Student Education As- CLARION, Nelda Gustafson stated
sociation. She will concern herself that the purpose of SNEA is to
with her work in special educa-fession.
tion. The meeting to be held on
November 28, at 7:00 P.M. is open
to chapter members as well as edu-an
interest in education as a pro-cation
majors and others who have
to attend Association conventions,
parent organization, National Edu-tion
attempts to keep its members
ments. Student members are enti-tled
to receive the MEA Journal,
acquaint budding teachers with the
cators Association. The organiza-abreast
of new teaching develop-
Mrs. Courtmeyer has been co- and to receive certain insurance
ordinating the language arts in privileges.
'MIKE ON' in the WBCS studios as Bob Dinqfield, station
manager, takes to the campus' air waves.
VoKu me XLII—No. 11
Bethel College, St. Paul, Minn. Wednesday, November 22, 1967
Sophomores Visit LeVander Offices
Research Material For Course Project
ebapet Pato
Expert Surveys Mission Troubles
Smith Discusses Ear East 'Light'
Tuesday—Dr. Bob Smith
Wednesday—Mr. Leslie Brierly
Included on the chapel slate for
the week of Nov. 27 - Dec. 1 is
Mr. Leslie Brierly, head of the De-partment
of Research for World-wide
Evangelism Crusade. His sur-veys
concerning the problems
which involve missions today are
considered by Dr. Wilbur Smith
"the finest he has ever seen."
His keen insight may be ex-plained
by the fact that he him-self
spent 25 years as a mission-ary
in West Africa. He has trav-eled
extensively since his appoint-ment
and is here in the Twin
Cities enroute to the Far East.
where he will attend a number
of strategic conferences.
Also in chapel this week, Dr.
Bob Smith will talk about his trip
to the Far East. In his second ap-pearance
in chapel, Dr. Bob will
discuss the 'light' in the Far East
as opposed to the `darknes' that
he spoke about in his last ad-dress.
Tom Mesaros and Nancy Johnson confer with the governor over some issue of interest.
A new service for freshmen,
sophomores and juniors seeking
financial aid to attend college is
being made available through the
Financial-Aid Office.
The service, offered by North
American Educational Computer
Services, Inc. of Princeton, New
Jersey, employs a computer to
match an individual student's qual-ifications
to the requirements of
over 700,000 items of scholarships
and grants contained in the com-puter's
memory bank.
Until the advent of computer
technology, the task of locating
more than a small fraction of the
financial aid for which he was eli-gible
was physically impossible for
an individual student. There was
no central source for informtion
relating to scholarships, and if
there was, it would occupy over
600 feet of bookshelves.
Employing the ECS Computer-ized
Scholarship-Search Service,
the student fills out a very detailed
questionnaire about himself. This
is returned to ECS, and in seconds
the computer matches his qualifi-,
cations against the requirements
for financial aid totalling over
$500 million from colleges, univer-sities,
foundations, corporations,
Two Bethel sophomores, Tom
Mesaros, and Nancy Johnson, have
been circulating among high state
offices these past two months.
Working toward a project in
American Government, under the
professorship of Mr. Dwight Jes-sup,
they chose to observe and re-port
the activities of the governor
during a non-election year.
Tom and Nancy have been found
on many occasions under the ro-tunda
of the capitol building as-similating,
analyzing, and organ-izing
the bustling activity which
accompanies the governor's daily
On Tuesdays and Thursdays,
Tom and Nancy have appeared in
the capitol area to meet with the
governor's secretaries, to read
press releases, to attend press con-ferences,
and to meet with the gov-ernor
Their first contact with Gover-nor
LeVander came in a money
raising kick-off banquet for the
United Fund held in South St.
Paul, October 3. Since that time,
they have had much casual con-tact
with him in his offices. On
one occasion they sat in on the
Pardon Board, composed of the
Attorney General, Doug Head, the
Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court, and Governor LeVander.
Commenting on their experience,
the two agreed that the governor
and civic, professional, charita-ble,
business, social and fraternal
organizations, and trade and labor
organizations and religious and
philanthorpic groups all over the
United States.
The computer then types out an
individualized report to the stu-dent
listing the sources of financial
aid for which he qualifies and to
which he should apply.
The entire one-time cost of this
service is $15.
Further information on the ECS
Computerized Scholarship - Search
Service is available from Mrs. Har-die,
Student Services Office.
is easily accesible to the public.
Anyone can arrange to have an in-terview
with him, said Tom. He
went on to explain that the gover-nor
sets aside nearly four hours
per day for private interviews with
his constituents.
Though the governor is easily
accesible he is surrounded by a
complex establishment of secre-taries
and advisors. Member of a
legion of committees, commissions,
and planning groups, he must con-stantly
be briefed on the progress
of the myriad branches of a mov-ing
The two emphasized that the
governor takes time out frequently
to greet groups of school children
that tour the government build-ings.
His informality in these situ-
The CLARION
wishes its patrons
all the very best
during this
Thanksgiving Season
ations does much to maintain a
vital public image. Nancy cited
one instance when the governor
came out into the square facing
the capitol to cut a huge pumpkin
pie for the Owatonna Pumpkin
One of the firsts which Tom and
Nancy witnessed was the precedent
for the weekly reports from the
governor to be aired over several
local radio stations. This is part
of the governor's effort to main-tain
communication with the fran-chise.
Though it was sometime before
Nancy and Tom knew the gover-nor
on a casual basis, Tom stated
in conicusion that the governor
was really, "just another guy."
Martin Recital
With a selection of songs headed
by several oratorio arias, D yid•
Martin will present his senior r2-
cital in Seminary Chapel Mon-day,
November 27. Martin will 13?,
assisted by Jonathan L. Larson,
and accompanied at the keyboard
by Miss Karen Hale.
The musical menu includes three
German lieder songs, one by
Brahms, Strauss, and Schumann
each. In addition to the arias from
Handel's 'Samson' and Mendels-sohn's
"Hymn of Praise", Martin
will sing a Dvorak song cycle, and
two contemporary settings.
He will be joined by Mr. Lar-son
in two duets one by Carl Gotze,
and the other, 'More Love To Thee,
0 Christ' by C. Saint-Saens.
Mr Larson will sing three num-bers
as solos. Notable among them
are two selections written by the
American contemporary, Aaron
The recital is scheduled for the
8 P.M. hour.
Computer Stores Scholarship Data
Aids Student Searching For Money
World Mission Group Sponsors
R. C. Priest On Mission Philosophy
Father Marvin Deutsch, 6 year Customarily, the meeting is open
veteran of the mission field in to all who have the time and in-
Tanganyika, will make an appear- terest
ante on campus under the scholar-ship
of the World Missions Fellow-ship.
Sheldon DeLuca, president of th2.
group, stated that Father Deutsch.
a Catholic priest will address
himself to "The Philosophy o f
Roman Catholic Missions in Light
Of The Last Vatican Council'.
The meeting will be preceded by
dinner together in the President's
Dining Room, 5:30, December 1,
Friday. Father Deutsch will t^ke
the rostrum at 6:15.
It is learned that Father Deutsch
is interested in a frank exchange
of thought regarding the Protes-tant
Philosophy of Missions as seen
by the students.
Page 2 the CLARION
We Eat Turkey, Mince he Researching Population Problems
While OtherWorld Starves
Professor Works With Ford November 22, 1967
Editor's Note—The following editorial appeared in the Fri-day,
November 17, issue of the Gustavian Weekly, campus journal
of Gustavus Adolphus College.
On Thanksgiving . . .
Let us be thankful that we again are able to return to
our homes to celebrate this holiday.
(The United States Defense Department reported October
5 that 100,269 Americans have been killed or wounded in Viet-nam
since 1961).
Let us be thankful that we, our families, our friends,
have been spared from sickness and injury, pain or hard-ship
during the past year, and let us be thankful for those
men who have helped and healed us when illness has arisen.
(The World Health Organization reported May 1 that heart
disease was the major cause of death in the past year in indus-trialized
countries, while infectious and parasitic ailments were
major causes in agricultural nations. Other leading causes of
death were cancer, motor vehicle accidents, cirrhosis of the
liver, pneumonia, congenital malformations, infant diseases,
suicide, homicide, and malnutrition.)
Let us be thankful for our families our parents who
have raised us from childhood and our brothers and sisters
who share our happiness and thanksgiving this day.
(The North Vietnamese reported October 5 that an Ameri-can
raid September 20 killed 33 children and wounded 28 by
means of anti-personnel bombs, scattering steel particles in all
directions on impact.)
Let us be thankful that we live in a country where each
citizen has the freedom to act, worship, and speak as he
chooses as long as he does not interfere with another's right
to life and the same liberties.
(Dr. Benjamin Spock, prominent baby doctor, was hit in
the head by an egg while trying unsuccessively to meet with
President Johnson May 17 as part of a mobilization march to
end the war on Vietnam. In Chicago last summer, marchers
in peaceful civil rights demonstrations were cautioned not to
stop as onlookers started throwing bricks. They were just to
continue walking.)
Let us be thankful for being raised in a Christian com-munity,
where we and our neighbors have learned to live
in mutual respect for each other and to help each other
despite individual differences.
(The United States House of Representatives July 20 re-fused,
207 to 176, an administration bill to exterminate rats
in urban slums. This followed House approval (the day before)
of an anti-riot bill aimed at travelling agitators responsible for
inciting violence in riot-torn slum areas.)
Let us be thankful for the food before us this day and
for the things with which nature has provided us this year.
(The World Food Supply Panel reported June 17 that it is
not certain that food requirements of the next two decades
will be met. President Johnson called the food problem 'one
of the foremost challenges of mankind today.")
Let us be thankful (but let us not forget.)—T.H.
At the outset, I define student
power as the right of students to
determine policy which affects the
student body. May I be so bold to
suggest that in my own wheeling
and dealing, I have encountered
the power structure here at Beth-el.
The policy as its exists today
is not a power concentrate in
the hands of a few administra-tors.
The real situation is fluid
democracy. The students of
Bethel are presently enjoying a
transisition from no power to
real power.
This transition is exemplified in
student representation on faculty
and administration committees.
Committee policy is a much more
subtle form of power than admin-istration
bending to crass whims
of student demand. The influence
of student representation is the
essential ingredient in a good and
workable power mix.
The plea for power in the
student representative body per
se, i..e, Student Senate, is an
inadequate solution to student
power. The criterion of efficien-cy,
responsibility and morality
verify this conclusion.
The Student Senate is not struc-tured
toward the goal of efficiency.
Senate is conscientious but very
slow to debate and decide over
On the other hand, adminis-trative
decisions are quickly re-leased.
Such efficiency is bad if
administrative decisions a r e
made irrespective of student
body desires and demands. Sen-ate
is true to their classes.
At the same time, Senate person-nel
is transient. Such transience
limits true responsibility to the
constituency as a whole. The per-manency
of administration and the
hierarchical structure forces ad-ministration
into a dual responsi-bility—
to students and to the con-stituency.
The third criterion is the fi-nal
justification of efficiency. I
To The Editor:
There seems to be a misunder-standing
of the relationship be-tween
the Administration and the
Student Senate. The opinion re-cently
expressed and claimed as
representative of many Associa-tion
members is that the Adminis-tration
and the Student Senate are
directly opposed. This should not
be, and I believe is not, the case.
Most colleges and universities
are vying for a greater amount of
student power. They seem to be
caught up in the exciting fervor
of change and independence. There
David Radel, presently an in-structor
in sociology at Bethel,
recently spent two years working
under the Ford Foundation in the
field of population research. The
Ford Foundation is interested in
providing governments around
the world with information that
could be useful to the country as
a whole and to its individual citi-zens.
The organization does this by
making funds available for bio-chemical
research in the field of
contraceptives as well as grants to
medical schools for the training of
such personnel. The Foundation
also provides the salary of work-ers
engaged in research within var-ious
countries, primarily in the
Far East, Latin America and Af-rica.
It was amazing to learn that
some of the countries do not know
what their rate of population
growth is. Nigeria, for example,
had an estimated population of
35 million. A census, however, re-vealed
50 million Nigerians. Ima-gine
planning for schools, hospi-tals
and housing for fifteen mil-lion
fewer people than actually
are in need of it!
Probably one of the best known
examples of population rate prob-lems
can be found in India, where
the population increases by bet-ter
than one million per month.
Only a frantic effort on the part
of the Indian government and a
number of private organizations,
has held the standard of living at
the level it is today. As long as
the population keeps on growing
at such a fantastic rate, there can
be no hope for raising those stan-dards.
In the words of Mr. Radel,
"There is a very important rela-tionship
between greater popula-tion
growth and the ability of a
country to move ahead with its
own economic development." He
pointed out that some African
countries have an annual popula-tion
increase of 3 percent, which,
have known the dean to take a
moral evaluation of student de-mand.
He seriously inquires into
student opinion. Decisions which
flow from this office are effi-cient
in terms of time, responsi-ble
in terms of constituent rep-resentation
and moral in terms
of a genuine interests in the
The best system in which stu-dents
can exercise their power is
the system which incorporates a
joint meeting of administration
and students. Administration knows
this, but do students?
Rich Runbeck
is nothing wrong with wanting to
influence administrative policies,
but respect should be retained for
those in authority.
It is unfortunate that the cry for
student power has become a per-sonal
attack on one who is most
interested in listening to the voice
of the student and most actively
working for Administration-Stu-dent
communication. The Bethel
community should rise above the
antagonistic spirit and work with
the Administration out of mutual
Cathy Floberg
compounded over 100-200 years,
can have disastrous effects.
Mr. Radel said one of the great-est
problems involved in popula-tion
control is informing the pub-lic
of the problem and of the
means available to them for fam-ily
planning. He stated the need
right now is to get information
and the means to those who are
looking for a system of family
planning now.
He pointed out that in the past
people generally had large famil-ies
in order to insure the survival
of one or two of the children.
Nowadays, such groups as the
World Health Organization have
helped bring down the infant mor-tality
rate and it is no longer nec-essary
to continue to have an ex-cessive
number of children. As
long as the birth rate rises and
the death rate decreases, we will
continue to be faced with a prob-lem
of population control.
He also pointed out the necessity
of providing birth control means
within the limits of religious and
cultural teachings. In Latin Amer-ica
priests are taking a new look
at the Roman Church's traditional
stand against birth control. Many
women are turning to abortion as
the only means available to them
to control their family size.
Church leaders are recognizing
birth control as the lesser of the
two evils. The Catholic layman is
beginning to re-evaluate the posi-tion
of the Catholic Church on
this matter and is looking for
change. A recent poll concerning
endorsement of projects and
studies, such as the one carried on
by the Ford Foundation, revealed
58% of the non-Catholics in sup-
Prodded by Malcolm Avey's re-cent
articles this letter is to inject
an overwhelming thought and a
First a domestic application of
JPL's recent editorial use of the
politic of respect of dignity should
be made. Both sides of the racial
issue have interests and dignities
workers feel the brunt of the Ne-thern
cities the white blue collar
workers feel the brunt of th Ne-gro
rights action and a threat
And the bigger the city the big-ger
the area of friction and pain
CLARION Calls
`Power' Meeting
Jim Hammar, Lynn Bergfalk,
and Jonathan P. Larson under the
sponsorship of the CLARION have
together planned a forum on the
Student Power concept in its Beth-el
Students are encouraged to hear
out the leaders who will be speak-ing
their mind on this live issue,
and to discover for themselves
whether or not something can be
done toward realizing a greater
student influence in the molding
of this campus.
The forum will be held in the
fieldhouse directly following chap-el
on Thursday, November 30.
Student Association members are
encouraged to attend this vital
The utmost freedom will be ac-corded
to all who wish to speak
to the issue.
port of it with an astounding 54%
of the Catholics also in favor of
such a program.
The religious problem is being
overshadowed by new political im-plications.
Mr. Radel mentioned a
cartoon recently published, which
showed a gra`r 3 full of Negro ba-bies
with the labels, 'DOCTOR',
`LAWYER,' SCIENTIST,' etc. It
was captioned, "The White Man's
Pill Kept Us From Being Born."
Americans may have to look at the
birth control problem in the light
of present-day racial conditions.
Although we are not starving,
America does have problems that
are directly related to her popula-tion.
Air pollution, water pollu-tion,
city slums, unemployment,
even urban parking are all caused
by the packing of many people
into a small area. Today most Am
erican couples want 3-4 children.
At this rate the population of the
United States would nearly double
every generation. Mr. Radel says
there is a need to impress upon
people the necssity for family plan-ning
for making the "ideal family
size" 2 or 3 children.
What is the conservative Christ-ian
viewpoint on the subject of
birth control? Indeed, many take
a nearly Catholic position that
birth control shows a lack of faith
in God's ability to provide for all
our needs. But, as Mr. Radel sta-ted,
this is no longer just a per-sonal
issue. It must be considered
in the light of its effect on soci-ety
and our fellowmen. We must
take the larger view.
According to Mr. Radel, "the
big question now is, what are we
willing to sacrifice and who is go-ing
to take the initiative?"
as the groups grind. The prospect
of a major Negro action may be
countered with the prospect of a
major white reaction.
From compassion and self-inter-est
for both black and white the
lily power of Bethel should recog-nize
a role as peace maker for our
church in the cities. A desirable
solution will have to incorporate
face saving measures for both
Second though prior to the first
lets hatch our Christian conscience
by at least considering whether we
should become "involved", and if
so lets aim for the whole of life
Greg Taylor
the CLARION
Published weekly during the academic year,
except during vacation and examination
periods, by the students of Bethel college
and seminary, St. Paul, Minn. 55101. Sub-scription
rate $3 per year.
Editor-in-chief Jonathan P. Larson
Assistant Editor Lynn Bergfalk
Feature Editor Linda Olson
Sports Editor Jerry Loomis
Layout Editor Jane Bergeson
Business Manager Bill Goodwin
Advisor Perry Hedberg
Opinions expressed In the CLARION do not
necessarily reflect the position of the college
or seminary.
Joint Administration -Student Effort
Will Effect Student Power- Runbeck
Community Must Work Together
On Basis of Common Respect
Taylor Calls For Perspective
View of U.S. Racial Difficulties
Click tabs to swap between content that is broken into logical sections.


text:
How To Get Emma Watson's Sophisticated, Stylish Look
Watson's no stranger to the fashion world--she was the face of Burberry and recently debuted an eco-friendly line with Alberta Ferretti--which is why the 23-year-old Brit achieves flawless style time after time and has become the reference for modern English girl dressing. On the red carpet, she relies on fashion-forward confections by designers like Chanel or Christopher Kane, while off-duty, she retains her poise in polished separates. Enchanted by Watson's tasteful, on-trend look? Click through our slideshow to get her essentials.
Weekend by Maxmara Opache Jacket ($355)
On Emma: Etoile Isabel Marant Tweed Short Jacket ($269); Genetic Denim The Shya Cigarette Jeans ($187) in Havoc.
Topshop Aztec Jacquard Bralet ($68) and Tile Stripe Mini Skirt ($80)
On Emma: Christopher Kane top and skirt from the F/W 13 collection.
Theory Cozma Cotton-Blend and Tweed Dress ($325)
On Emma: Chanel dress ($4945, 800.550.0005) from the F/W 13 collection; Giuseppe Zanotti shoes; Graziela Wave Ear Cuffs ($290) in White.
Serge Normant Meta Sheer Dry Oil Finishing Spray ($24)
Zara Backless Dress ($80)
On Emma: Theyskens' Theory dress from the F/W 13 collection (sadly not produced); Chanel shoes.
Rebecca Taylor Cutout Peplum Tank ($225)
On Emma: Roland Mouret Arica Top ($1817) from F/W 13 collection; 3.1 Phillip Lim Cropped Pencil Trousers ($375); Salvatore Ferragamo shoes; Karma El-Khalil Diamond Pyramid Earrings ($4000).
Dries Van Noten Acetate Sunglasses ($398)
On Emma: Louis Vuitton top; Chanel sunglasses.
Sergio Rossi Naos Suede Booties ($975)
On Emma: Maxime Simoens Fitted Corolla Dress ($1943) from the F/W 13 collection; Proenza Schouler Platform Sandals ($874, available in Light Grey).
- Explore More:
- Celebrity Style


text:
I know some dogs like to lick more than others, but our little Cedar is constantly licking us! It is very annoying. She doesnt limit her licking to hands/skin. She'll lick jeans, jackets, shoes, anything related to us. She does not excessively lick herself or anything else--just people.
We've tried the stern "no" and praise for not licking. She will stop for a little while and then she starts up again. We also try to give her something else to play with, like a toy, which works momentarily, but she ultimately prefers licking.
Is this a cavalier trait or a sign of some other problem? Is there some other technique we can try to curtail her licking?


text:
The $537 million, 29,400-member Christian Community Credit Union in San Dimas, Calif., said it has donated $10,000 to Hurricane Sandy relief efforts through American Baptist Churches USA's "One Great Hour of Sharing" offering.
Christian Community CU said the funds will go towards immediate disaster relief and long-term reconstruction in the U.S. and in the Caribbean. Along with the donation, the credit union said, its members now can donate credit and debit rewards points and that every 10,000 points donated will be met with a further $70 donation to the "One Great Hour of Sharing" offering.
"We are saddened by the loss of lives and property resulting from the superstorm. Our prayers go to the families and churches greatly affected by it," said John Walling, president/CEO of Christian Community Credit Union.
"Through our partnership with American Baptist Churches USA, we are able to support the work of local responders who provide help, hope, and comfort to the hurricane victims," Walling said.
The credit union's "Cards that Give to Missions" credit and debit card program donates a portion of its interchange income and to date has resulted in more than $2 million in donations to national and international ministry projects, disaster relief efforts, church planting, college and seminary scholarships, and other faith-based projects.
Christian Community CU's membership includes a large number of churches and ministries as well as individual members.
- SANDY NEWS: Nov. 9, 2012 NCUA Donations Roll into New Jersey
- SANDY NEWS: Nov. 9, 2012 SEC Warns of Investment Scams
- SANDY NEWS: Nov. 9, 2012 OnPoint Donates $10,000 to Red Cross
- SANDY NEWS: Nov. 9, 2012 Resilience in Disaster Recovery: Opinion
- SANDY NEWS: Nov. 9, 2012 Blood Drive in Connecticut


text:
It was a balmy 34 degrees Tuesday afternoon, when about 50 people hit the water at Goddard Park Beach for the second annual Frozen Clam. The Frozen Clam was the brainchild of Ryan McGowan, owner of Laid-Back Fitness. A seasoned "plunger," McGowan had the idea for the Frozen Clam back in 2011, and made the event a reality last New Year's Day. About 30 people took part in the first Frozen Clam, and McGowan was pleased to see that more people braved the even icier waters this year.
The proceeds from the Frozen Clam benefit the Rhode Island Mentoring Partnership, and this year they raised $3,000, doubling last year's $1,500.
Both McGowan and Jo-Ann Schofield, the President and COO of the Mentoring Partnership, took to the icy brine with about 45 others on Monday. After singing the national anthem and counting down to noon, the swimsuit-clad crowd ran into (and quickly out of) the chilly waters; most scattered to their cars for warmth or a quick change out of their soggy suits.
Schofield said she's grateful to the participants and sponsors for helping raise money for the Partnership. Though she's not sure if braving the icy waters was good for her, she's happy to know the money is going to a good cause.
McGowan agreed, and said despite the low temperatures, the plunge felt great: "Everything feels good except my toes."


text:
think I am going to send a few more LOR's and a "Please Let Me In" letter. Any other suggested strategies?
If you really want off the temple waitlist, request to take a part-time spot. This is what I did this cycle, and a week after the first check deadline I was called and offered the spot. You can easily transfer from PT to FT after a year.


text:
Detroit Area Study, 1953: Child Training Patterns Among Urban Families and Attitudes and Perceptions of Consensus of Group Members (ICPSR 7317)
Version Date: Jul 20, 2010 View help for published
Principal Investigator(s): View help for Principal Investigator(s)
Daniel Miller, University of Michigan; Guy Swanson, University of Michigan; Theodore Newcomb, University of Michigan
Version V2
Summary View help for Summary
This study contains data on child-rearing practices of mothers of children aged 18 and younger. The study was a combination of two studies: CHILD REARING PATTERNS AMONG URBAN FAMILIES by Daniel Miller and Guy Swanson, and ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS OF CONSENSUS OF GROUP MEMBERS by Theodore Newcomb. Respondents were asked about their children's habits, toilet training, and bottle- and breast-feeding patterns. Respondents were also asked about their child-rearing practices, attitudes about children, views of child-appropriate and sex-appropriate tasks, handling of difficult situations with their children, and use of leisure time. Other questions explored respondents' political interests, social life, and friends. They were asked if they voted for Adlai Stevenson or Dwight Eisenhower in the last American presidential election and why. The respondents were questioned about their three best friends to determine how frequently they visited with them, how often they discussed the election with them, whom they voted for and what kind of jobs their husbands held. Demographic variables specify age, sex, race, education, place of birth, length of residence in the Detroit area, home ownership, length of time at present residence, marital status, number of children, original nationality of husband's family, income, occupation, religious preferences, and class identification.
Citation View help for Citation
Export Citation:
Subject Terms View help for Subject Terms
Geographic Coverage View help for Geographic Coverage
Distributor(s) View help for Distributor(s)
Time Period(s) View help for Time Period(s)
Date of Collection View help for Date of Collection
Data Collection Notes View help for Data Collection Notes
Value labels for unknown codes were added in variables: V105 V106 V107 V108 V109 V130 V173 V200
Although this study also included a sample of interviews conducted in Macomb and Oakland Counties, this data is not included in this collection.
Sample View help for Sample
A cross-section sample of women living in the Detroit metropolitan area who were mothers of children aged 18 and younger.
Data Source View help for Data Source
personal interviews
Method of Data Collection View help for Method of Data Collection
Original Release Date View help for Original Release Date
Version History View help for Version History
- Miller, Daniel, Guy Swanson, and Theodore Newcomb. Detroit Area Study, 1953: Child Training Patterns Among Urban Families and Attitudes and Perceptions of Consensus of Group Members. ICPSR07317-v2. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2010-07-20. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR07317.v2
2010-07-20 ICPSR has updated the Codebook. All other components of this data collection remain the same.
1984-05-10 ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:
- Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.
Data in this collection are available only to users at ICPSR member institutions.
- The citation of this study may have changed due to the new version control system that has been implemented. Please see version history for more details.
This study is provided by ICPSR. ICPSR provides leadership and training in data access, curation, and methods of analysis for a diverse and expanding social science research community.


text:
Presupuesto $30-250 AUD
We want to put shipping calculator at every single page and make some small design change for current store theme. (increase size of the product page)
13 freelancers están ofertando el promedio de $194 para este trabajo
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text:
Our Playground
The Green Toys playground extends beyond the sandbox. Check out the exciting places we've been, or grab a shovel to be a part of our next adventure.
We love making great products. When they get noticed by toy experts, even better. We are proud of the awards we've won.
2017 Awards
2016 Awards
2015 Awards
2014 Awards
2013 Awards
Goddard School Preschooler-Approved Top 10
Parenting Best in Play: Toy Fair
Parents Magazine - Best Toys
iVillage Best Birthday Present
2012 Awards
Crisbie Finalist - Vroomiest Race Car
Right Start Magazine Baby Essentials - Green Toys brand
2011 Awards
Green Dot Honorable Mention - Green Toys Inc.
2010 Awards
Canadian Toy Testing Council - Best Bet
2009 Awards
ASTRA Best Toys For Kids
2008 Awards
Product News
We don't mean to gloat, but we appreciate when our toys get noticed by the media, celebrities, and fans. Here's where Green Toys have been spotted lately.
8 Toys Made in the USA That Your Kids Will Love
Should parents fight summer brain drain? Or just let it go?
Kids test best toys, top 10 picks revealed
Celebrate Earth Day every day with eco-friendly beauty, fashion and fun
The Savvy Parent's Shopping Guide for Earth Day 2015
Kid Pics with Philip Potempa
5 Fun Must-Haves to Celebrate Spring's Arrival
Easter baskets: Toys and other fun fillers
The Next Frontier of Thoughtful Parenting
Metro Mom Barb Has Mommy Must Haves
Here's Your Peek into 200+ Toys That Will Hit Store Shelves Later This Year
Enterprising Moms Storm the Toy Industry
The Top 10 Pre-Schooler-Approved Toys for 2015
Company News
At Green Toys, we focus on innovations and experimentation to bring engaging, imagination-filled, sustainable products to market. Sometimes we even get highlighted for all that we've accomplished. Check it out.
Earth Day: These Companies Sell Eco-Friendly Products That Your Family Can Use Every Day
Toy Fair 2015: Eco-Friendly Toys
This Company Does Something Cool with Something Most of Us Recycle
This business attract private equity as kids go green and retro
Toymakers are targeting Millennial moms with new preschool toys
Toys of Tomorrow on Display at Javits Center
Blogs & Reviews
We love hearing your thoughts about how Green Toys products inspire creativity, encourage sustainability, and "play" with kids. Here are some blogs and reviews that we are happy to share.


text:
Prairie Fare: Gardening Has Many Health Benefits
By Julie Garden Robinson, Food and Nutrition Specialist
NDSU Extension Service
As I walked around our backyard, I noticed that our rose bushes and various perennial plants are becoming green and lush. The tulip and daffodil bulbs have sprouted, dotting our landscape with flowers in shades of red and yellow. After our mild winter, I am mapping out our container gardens and flower beds.
Yes, I like growing things. After all, "Garden" is my middle name. I couldn't resist saying that.
I can't wait to get my hands dirty and test out the skills I learned in the Master Gardener classes last year. If you never have considered participating in this Extension Service program available in most states, if not all, think about it.
Many people save gardening for their retirement years. Actually, gardening can have positive health benefits throughout life. Some researchers have found that when you live near a garden or participate in gardening as a child, you are more likely to show an interest in gardening as you grow older.
However, if childhood gardening wasn't part of your life, don't be deterred. Be aware of the health benefits and the satisfaction that comes with gardening. Gardening can increase our physical activity, improve our fruit and vegetable consumption, and promote mental health.
Some researchers have linked a decreased risk for diabetes and osteoporosis to the physical activity accumulated during gardening and other yard work. Physical activities, as well as balanced nutrition, are keys to managing diabetes. As we walk and lift, we put weight on our bones, which strengthens them and helps prevent osteoporosis.
People who grow vegetables are more likely to eat them. According to a Michigan State University survey of 766 adults, participating in a community garden resulted in eating more fruits and vegetables. In fact, they were 3.5 times as likely to eat fruits and vegetables five times per day.
Other studies have shown that gardening promotes bonding with your family and fosters life skills, including responsibility. If you have trouble sleeping or are coping with stressful life situations, gardening may help. Some researchers have found that gardening has a calming effect.
If you are inspired to garden but do not have a lot of space for gardening, consider planting in containers. Container gardens can be grown on a patio, step or even in a window box. Try a salsa garden with tomatoes and peppers or try growing herbs in a window box. Tending your minigarden will not take a lot of time but could provide you with quite a bit of food.
Here are some tips for planting in containers:
- Be sure your container has drainage holes so extra water doesn't pool at the bottom and damage the roots. If you want to grow tomatoes, peppers or eggplant, gardening experts usually recommend 5-gallon containers. Smaller pots work well for green onions, lettuce and herbs.
- Add potting mix, not plain soil from your yard. Your soil needs to drain well.
- Choose seeds or plants. You can start your own seedlings in egg cartons or even an old cake pan. Fill the container with potting soil, add seeds and cover with about a half-inch of soil. Cover with a clear plastic bag, place in a warm, sunny area and water regularly. When the seedlings have four or more leaves, they are ready to transfer into the final pot.
- Find a sunny spot for your container. If your plants aren't doing well in the spot you chose, move the container to a better place.
- Water often and fertilize according to the directions on the container. Container gardens need to be watered more than regular gardens, ideally at least once every morning.
- Add enough water on top of the soil so it begins to leak out the bottom.
- Be sure to pull weeds regularly. Weeds compete for space, water, nutrients and sunlight.
For more information about growing plants and using your fresh produce and preserving it, see the NDSU Extension Service "Garden to Table" materials available at http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/ndsuag/food-nutrition/from-garden-to-table.
Here's a colorful one-skillet recipe that features fresh peppers and onions.
Fiesta Chicken and Vegetables
2 tsp. chili powder
1/4 tsp. pepper
4 boneless, skinless chicken breasts (1 pound total)
1 Tbsp. canola oil
1 (15-ounce) can kidney beans
1 cup corn (canned or frozen)
3/4 c. bell pepper, diced (red, green, yellow)
1/2 c. onion, diced
1 c. salsa
Combine the chili powder and pepper; rub over both sides of the chicken. In a large nonstick skillet, cook chicken in oil over medium heat for five to six minutes on each side or until meat thermometer reaches a temperature of 165 degrees. Remove and keep warm. Add the beans, corn, bell peppers, onion and salsa to skillet and bring to a boil. Reduce heat; cover and simmer for two to three minutes or until heated thoroughly. Transfer to serving dish and place chicken on top of the vegetable mixture.
Makes four servings. Each serving has 320 calories, 7 grams (g) of fat, 33 g of protein, 30 g of carbohydrate, 8 g of fiber and 370 milligrams of sodium.
(Julie Garden-Robinson, Ph.D., R.D., L.R.D., is a North Dakota State University Extension Service food and nutrition specialist and associate professor in the Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences.)
NDSU Agriculture Communication – April 26, 2012
|Julie Garden-Robinson, (701) 231-7187, firstname.lastname@example.com
|Rich Mattern, (701) 231-6136, email@example.com


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Mara Gianni
Mara Gianni is quite a ball of energy. As she spoke with us she told us how her nursing education would help patients recover faster. Works for us. By the way what hospital should we check into? Mara loves going out to nice reasturants and clubs with her friends. Oh she also loves to be naked.


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Reviewed by Cody D. (age 11)
The Voyage of Patience Goodspeed is a book filled with action, adventure and surprises that you don't see coming from a page away. I really enjoyed this book. It has a good base storyline, appealing suspense and a voyage that sends you off your feet. It was terrific from beginning to end. My favorite part in The Voyage of Patience Goodspeed was at the end when something you don't expect or even think about comes around the corner and hits you straight on the head. When I was reading this book, a few things made me think. At the very beginning, I wondered if Papa was going to let Patience stay home with Martha, the maid, and take Miss Mitchell's classes or make her come with him on The Morning Star. Since they were at sea for over two years, I wondered if someone was going to get hurt or killed. I also thought that one specific character, Patience, was very unique. She is a great person and has a wonderful attitude. She only fights with her brother or with someone making fun of someone she cares about, like Thaddeus. Papa had lessons with her on navigating while they were at sea, trying to make up for her not going to Miss Mitchell's school. This allows her to be very ship-worthy. That means she is a great sailor and knows the ways of the ocean. As Papa would always say, "The Goodspeeds are a great whaling family." Patience was incredibly smart and does something extraordinary at the end to prove it.
I recommend The Voyage of Patience Goodspeed because it is a great book with adventurous, energetic and suspenseful action. If you like the story of a girl that changes the way she'll live for the rest of her life and saves other people's lives as well, then you should definitely sail through the pages of this book.