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The 'Wary of Hillary' Democrats
Everyone knows about the "Ready for Hillary" Democrats — the rapidly proliferating parade of elected officials and activists getting behind Hillary Clinton's increasingly likely 2016 presidential campaign.
But there's also a smaller but increasingly vocal group making its presence felt lately — call it the "Wary of Hillary" Democrats. They're not outwardly opposing a Clinton candidacy. But they are anxious about the spectacle of a Clinton juggernaut, after seeing what happened when she ran a campaign of inevitability last time.
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Some feel a competitive primary, regardless of the outcome, is good for the party. Others say Clinton, who's been out of electoral politics for five years, needs to be tested. And some Democrats are merely concerned that the party won't have an open airing of views on economic policy.
( Also on POLITICO: Clinton's Keystone headache)
The reservations, expressed mostly in private company, have been given voice in recent days by some of the party's most prominent governors.
"She is an enormously capable candidate and leader, but I do worry about the inevitability, because I think it's off-putting to the average voter," Massachusetts Gov. Deval Patrick, a longtime Obama ally, told CNN earlier this month. "And I think that was an element of her campaign the last time. As an enthusiastic Democrat, I just hope that the people around her pay attention to that this time around."
The public commentary about the risks of Clinton as fait accompli seems less a harbinger of a messy primary fight than an effort to nudge Clinton to the left. There's no apparent candidate with President Barack Obama's political skill to catch Clinton by surprise this time. But the Democratic base doesn't want Clinton to get a free pass, lest she give short shrift to the progressive agenda and tack to the center before the primary campaign is even fully underway.
( PHOTOS: Stars line up for Hillary Clinton 2016)
California Gov. Jerry Brown, who was endorsed by Bill Clinton in his 2010 gubernatorial race but who challenged him for the presidency in 1992, also praised Clinton but suggested she needs to act with care in the coming months.
"She's got the capacity," he told ABC News. "But like any front-runner, she has to be cautious and wise in how she proceeds forward."
Patrick recently told POLITICO "maybe" when asked if he would consider a national run, although not necessarily in 2016. Obama said in March that Patrick, one of his close supporters, shouldn't rule out 2016. Brown, who sought the presidency three times in the past, had been seen as leaving his options open for 2016, but he told reporters in January that running this cycle is "not in the cards. Unfortunately."
( PHOTOS: Hillary Clinton's 50 influentials)
Whatever concerns Patrick and Brown have about Clinton, said former Ohio Gov. Ted Strickland, they're not something she is bringing on herself.
"Secretary Clinton's inevitability, or what appears to be inevitability, is something that is happening [on its own]," Strickland, a Clinton supporter, said in an interview. "So what to do about it? You accept it for what it is — a grass-roots movement.
"I don't know that there's a lesson to be learned from what happened several years ago. The circumstances were very different then," he added.
( Also on POLITICO: W.H. delays again on Clinton docs)
The comments by Patrick and Brown came on the heels of Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid remarking to NBC News' Chuck Todd earlier this month that the bloody primary fight between Clinton and Obama six years ago was "an extremely healthy process.
"I think it was wonderful. People learned about these two people" things that they didn't know before, he added.
Reid prefaced that by noting that "everybody knows I love the Clintons … including Chelsea."
( Also on POLITICO: Full 2014 election results)
Reid, known for his blunt style and rarely shielded opinions, may have been simply speaking his honest opinion, not reflecting a theory about the strength of Clinton as a candidate.


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8 on Pine Ridge Indicted on Federal Drug Charges
PINE RIDGE - Eight people on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in southern South Dakota have been indicted on federal drug charges.
U.S. Attorney Brendan Johnson says the suspects allegedly conspired for 20 years to distribute cocaine and marijuana, beginning in 1993.
The suspects range in age from 26 to 48. They have pleaded not guilty. Two suspects have been released on bond while the others remain in custody pending trial.
A trial date hasn't been set. Each suspect faces up to 40 years in prison if convicted.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Reviewed by Briana T. (age 9)
A Lion To Guard Us illustration will appear here.
My opinion is the book was very interesting because it was sad that their mother died. It was really interesting how they first crashed into a deserted island, because it felt like they were going to stay there when their ship broke. It felt like they were going to stay there forever and never going to see their father again. My favorite part was when they went to Virginia, and they found their father. I like it when they used the lion's knocker to make sunshine because it made me feel surprised.
I would like my 14 year old cousin, Natalie, to read it because she likes books that have different emotions that surprise and all of a sudden scare you.


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If you need answers to your community questions, you're in the right place! Meet your friendly team of professionals at Tamarron Apartments, print out a detailed map of your community, and learn all about the area surrounding Olney. We encourage you to keep your contact information updated, letting us know of any changes so we can share important information with you. Also, reach out to us whenever you need anything by visiting our "Contact Us" page. Remember, the most important feature of our community is YOU!
- Meet Your Team
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- Community Map
To make life just a bit easier for you, we've provided a convenient, easy-to-navigate map of your community, including every amenity and feature that makes your home so special.
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Shaped Cards
Want to add a special technique to your card making repertoire? Try shaped cards!
A shaped card is one where the blank card is cut into a shape—this could be anything from an ice-cream cone to the word "Joy". Shaped cards are guaranteed to delight the recipient, and they're easy to do!
Creating a shaped card from pre-created art
Paper Flair Shaped Card kits make it easy to create a shaped card. Simply glue the art onto the front of a blank card and trim around the outside edge. (This is much easier than cutting out the art, then gluing and cutting the card.)
Cutting tips
Cut along the edges of the shape, through the paper and both card layers. Remember not to cut completely around the fold of the card—just cut up to the straight edge of your shape at the top and bottom, leaving the fold intact to hold the card together.
Use scissors to cut around the card, and use a pen knife for tight areas that are difficult with scissors.
Adding embellishments
If you know you'll be adding brads, you can insert them into the paper art before gluing and cutting. Or partially glue the paper to the card so it can be cut out, then lift the paper to add the brads. Be sure to flatten the brad legs completely to avoid lumps.
Covering the inside of your shaped card
To cover the inside, glue your paper to the inside with a straight edge next to the fold. Turn the card over and trim the excess around the card edges.
Sometimes it might be a little difficult to see the edges when trimming the white side of the paper from a white card. If so, use a pencil along the edge of the paper so you can easily see your cutting edge. Simply erase any remaining pencil marks when finished.
Creating a shaped card from a template
You can make your own shaped cards with the Easy Templates. Simply line up the part of the template you want to trace on your card front, trace and then cut away.


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NBC's weight-loss competition "The Biggest Loser" closed out its 15th season down in the ratings from last year among young adults as it crowned the now 105-pound Rachel Frederickson as its winner on Tuesday. Meanwhile, CBS won the night and Fox's "Brooklyn Nine-Nine" debuted in its new time slot after its big Super Bowl showing.
According to preliminary numbers from Nielsen, the two-hour "Biggest Loser" closer drew an average of 7.4 million viewers overall and a rating of 2.2 in the advertiser-coveted 18-to-49 age group. In the key demographic, that's down around 20% from last year's finale, which aired in March. However, total viewership for the two finales were virtually even. This season ender was up 29% from last week's episode and achieved a season high in total viewers.
NBC began the night with a Winter Olympics preview that brought in 5.3 million viewers.
CBS' Tuesday drama lineup returned to win the night, averaging 15.9 million viewers and a demo rating of 2.7. The most-watched series, "NCIS," came back with more than 19 million viewers and a 3.0 in the 18-to-49 demographic, about even with its last original episode. "NCIS: Los Angeles" returned up 21% to a 2.9, while "Person of Interest" increased a tick to a 2.1.
"Brooklyn Nine-Nine" got plenty of exposure from its post-Super Bowl airing, but it's hard to tell if that helped win the double-Golden-Globe-winning comedy. The Andy Samberg cop show debuted in its new 9:30 p.m. time slot with 3.2 million viewers and a rating of 1.4 in the 18-to-49 demographic, down from its last regularly scheduled episode. "New Girl," which also had a big post-Super Bowl run, fell 16% from its most recent Tuesday original to a 1.6 and "Dads" was flat week-to-week at a 1.5.
On ABC, "Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." fell slightly in the demographic from its last new episode, but rose a bit in total viewership (6.5 million watching). "Goldbergs" and "Trophy Wife" both posted gains, while the low-rated "Killer Women" remained at a 0.7.
The CW's "Originals" registered a 0.8 in the 18-to-49 demographic, the lowest of its first season, while "Supernatural" fell slightly week-to-week for a 1.1.
Twitter: @rfaughnder


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The Canucks came out blazing in the first two periods of last night's game. Although they did stumble for most of the third, allowing the Chicago Blackhawks to tie the game at three on thirteen shots on Roberto Luongo. It was definitely something the Canucks need to be mindful of next game and prepare for better than Game 1.
Kyle Wellwood's play last night was outstanding. To me, he was the unsung hero of the game. He drew three penalties last night including two double minors. His face paid the price, but he didn't care. He got stitched up and he was back on the ice like it did not even happen. He did his job and he did it well.
All throughout the regular season stretch and the Round 1 series against St. Louis, we have seen a different side of Kyle Wellwood. We see a guy that has re-invented himself into a very good two way hockey player. We have seen a guy who has been in Alain Vigneault's doghouse and was called out publicly, to someone who has become a very effective third line shut down centre.
Perhaps seeing that he cleared waivers twice, and seeing his NHL career on the brink woke something up in Kyle Wellwood and he made a choice to be the player he knows he could be. We are seeing that on the ice presently. During these playoffs, Wellwood has scored once, had three assists and playing good defensive hockey.
What really sticks out in my mind is his face-off percentage in the playoffs. All the Canucks regular centres are doing very well, but his 56.4% winning percentage is behind that of Mats Sundin (57.5%) and Ryan Johnson (62.5%). This is an area that the whole team has improved on this season but Kyle winning key face-offs on the third line has been a big factor in his success.
His contributions on the second unit power play have been noticed. His pass on Demitra's goal last night was brilliant and to mention the beauty to Kesler for the Canucks' third goal of the evening.
There was something in Kyle Wellwood that Mike Gillis saw to take a $1million dollar chance on at the beginning of the season, and it's paying off. Whatever it is, let's hope it continues in this series.
High sticks and tape may break his face, but the fatty names never broke his spirit. Good job Kyle. Glad to have you aboard, in my mind, a magical team.
Go Canucks Go.
Musings from the mud.
Lotus Blossom,Canucks Corner


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Tennessee, constituent state of the United States of America. It is located in the upper South of the eastern United States and became the 16th state of the union in 1796. The geography of Tennessee is unique. Its extreme breadth of 432 miles (695 km) stretches from the Appalachian Mountain boundary with North Carolina in the east to the Mississippi River borders with Missouri and Arkansas in the west; its narrow width, only 112 miles (180 km), separates its northern neighbours, Kentucky and Virginia, from Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, to the south. Nashville is the capital and Memphis the largest city.
The geographic diversity of Tennessee has generated a variety of economic, social, and cultural patterns that have led residents to perceive the state in terms of three "grand divisions": East, Middle, and West Tennessee. East Tennessee, dominated geographically by the Great Smoky Mountains and the Cumberland Plateau (also called Cumberland Mountains), is the home of the state's well-known mountain traditions. Chattanooga, Knoxville, and Kingsport are East Tennessee's major population centres. Middle Tennessee has level, fertile land interrupted regularly by gently rolling hills; it traditionally has been a balanced agricultural and commercial region, with Nashville as its main urban centre. West Tennessee is mainly flat land with rich soil and long has had an economy based on plantation agriculture, notably cotton. Memphis is by far the region's dominant urban centre.
Tennessee enjoys a rich Native American heritage, mainly from the Cherokee and Chickasaw, who populated the area at the time of white settlement in the 1770s. The Cherokee, who lived in the Smoky Mountains area, left a palpable legacy in East Tennessee, despite white encroachment. In response to the challenges on the frontier, white settlers in Tennessee developed a strongly independent attitude that has revealed itself often in state and national politics. Tennessean Andrew Jackson, hero of the War of 1812 and seventh president of the United States, led the Democratic Party of the 1830s to become the party of the common people, a path similarly pursued by his fellow Tennessean and U.S. president in the 1840s, James K. Polk. Strongly divided by the American Civil War and its own version of Reconstruction, Tennessee became a part of the solid Democratic South, and, like much of that region, it lagged behind the rest of the country in wealth and prestige. The dreams of the industrialists of the late 19th century were not realized until later in the 20th, when World War II and spending by the national government fueled new kinds of industrial activity. By the early 21st century, a strong service sector had developed. Also by this time, the Republican Party had won the favour of many Tennesseans, and Tennessee became once again a two-party state. Although still diverse within its own borders, Tennessee had clearly begun to merge economically and politically with the rest of the country. Area 42,144 square miles (109,153 square km). Population (2010) 6,346,105; (2018 est.) 6,770,010.
From a strictly geological perspective, Tennessee is divided into six natural regions. In the extreme eastern part of the state lie the Unaka Mountains—a section of which is popularly known as the Great Smoky Mountains—with more than a dozen peaks that rise above 6,000 feet (1,830 metres); the tallest of them, Clingmans Dome, rises to 6,643 feet (2,025 metres). West of the Unakas, the Great Appalachian Valley (or, simply, Great Valley) of East Tennessee, varying from 30 to 60 miles (50 to 100 km) in width, includes a series of low ridges that rise above the intervening valleys. West of the Appalachians, the Cumberland Plateau has a generally flat, slightly undulating surface cut by deep and sometimes wide river valleys. The Interior Low Plateau in Middle Tennessee is dominated by the Nashville, or Central, Basin and the Highland Rim. About 60 miles (100 km) wide and running roughly north to south across the state, the basin floor is a slightly rolling terrain punctuated by small hills known as knobs. To the west the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain undulates only slightly and is laced with meandering low-banked streams; the region stretches westward, terminating in the Mississippi alluvial plain, a narrow strip of swamp and floodplain alongside the Mississippi River.
Drainage and soils
Tennessee is drained directly by three major rivers. The Tennessee River, which flows southward in the east and northward in the west, drains the east, the southern part of the middle region, and a major part of the west. The Cumberland River, dipping into the state from the north, drains the upper middle region, while the Mississippi River directly drains a small portion of the west. The damming of the Tennessee and, to a lesser extent, of the Cumberland not only has controlled flooding and improved navigation but also has created an impressive chain of slack-water lakes, sometimes known as the Great Lakes of the South, many of which lie in Tennessee.
The valleys and upland basins of Tennessee have moderately fertile soil of limestone origins, and the streams have created rich alluvial lands along their beds. The soils of the ridges and the plateau, however, are thin, stony, and moderately acid, while the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain has a sandy, thin soil that does not support agriculture. Although a substantial portion of the state's soils are unfit for any kind of cultivation, over two-fifths of the total land area is used for crops, livestock, or other agricultural products.
Tennessee has a moderate climate featuring cool, but not cold, winters and warm summers. The drop in elevation causes temperatures to rise significantly from east to west. In Nashville high temperatures in July average in the upper 80s F (about 32 °C); high temperatures in January average in the mid-40s F (about 8 °C), while the average low is around 30 °F (−1 °C). The growing season ranges from 130 days in the mountainous east to nearly 240 days at Memphis. Most of Tennessee is within the range of 160 to 220 days. The state receives ample precipitation, about 51 inches (1,300 mm) a year, rather evenly distributed over the seasons and regions.
Plant and animal life
Because of the state's diverse elevations and its central position in the eastern half of the country, many plants, animals, and fish identified more with the extreme northern and southern parts of the United States are found in Tennessee. Roughly one-half of Tennessee is forested, and there are more than 200 species of trees, a variety of which are commercially valuable. Such trees as locust, poplar, maple, oak, elm, beech, pine, spruce, walnut, hickory, and sycamore are found throughout the state.
Tennessee's forests are home to a broad spectrum of animal life. Dozens of species of mammals are native to the state. Among them are deer; various carnivorous species such as bobcats, coyotes, foxes, skunks, and weasels; shrews; opossums; assorted bats; and various rodents, including beavers, voles, and squirrels. The state also hosts nearly 100 species of amphibians and reptiles, some one-third of which are snakes. Birds are especially abundant; many migratory waterfowl winter in the Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge in the northwestern part of the state. Loons, grebes, herons, ducks, geese, and numerous shorebirds inhabit Tennessee's wetlands, while a wide array of woodpeckers, warblers, vireos, and other small birds animate the woodlands. Common fish include various suckers, catfish, sunfish, perch, and many types of minnows.
Population composition
The population of Tennessee is composed primarily of people of white European descent. African Americans constitute a significant minority. Peoples of Asian, Hispanic, and Native American ancestry make up the small remainder of the population; the Hispanic community has grown notably since the late 20th century.
When significant numbers of Europeans began to arrive in present-day Tennessee in the 18th century, the region was already inhabited by various indigenous peoples, most notably the Chickasaw in the west and the Cherokee in the east. In the 1830s, however, most native peoples were forced to leave the state to live on reservations in so-called Indian country (later the state of Oklahoma). Native Americans today constitute just a tiny fraction of the population.
The first European settlers were predominantly of Scotch-Irish and English ancestry, although Germans also were well represented. The Europeans brought with them slaves of black African descent, and, with the expansion of cotton cultivation in Middle and West Tennessee in the 19th century, the black population grew significantly. In the 20th century, however, many African Americans left Tennessee, while substantial numbers of white Americans moved into the state. In the early 21st century, about four-fifths of Tennessee's population was white, and about one-sixth was African American.
Settlement patterns
Between the early 20th and the early 21st century, the population of Tennessee lost its overwhelmingly rural character to become predominantly urban and suburban. Since the late 20th century, the state's population has grown faster than those of its southern, northern, and western neighbours but slower than those of Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia. The suburbs of the state's major urban centres—Memphis, Nashville, Chattanooga, and Knoxville—have grown especially rapidly. In East Tennessee the counties surrounding Knoxville have developed quickly, and, at the far eastern tip of the state, the proximate cities of Johnson City, Kingsport, and Bristol have merged to form a metropolitan area about the size of Chattanooga. Suburban growth around Nashville has endowed the city with a substantial metropolitan population. By the turn of the 21st century, the overwhelming majority of the old cotton-producing areas of West Tennessee had lost population, while Memphis had gained some. Minority populations are concentrated in the state's major cities, notably Nashville and Memphis.
Until about 1940 Tennessee's economy was predominantly agricultural, with cotton, tobacco, and livestock as the principal cash products. Textile and iron-manufacturing plants were built, mainly in East Tennessee, in the 1800s, but industry did not grow significantly until the 1930s and '40s. This growth was propelled to a considerable degree by the construction of hydroelectric dams and power plants by the federally owned Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and by World War II, which catalyzed industrial activity in virtually all areas. Since the mid-20th century, Tennessee's economy has grown mainly in the service sector. However, development of information and high-technology services has not been as rapid in Tennessee as it has been elsewhere in the region, despite the ongoing activities of the federal government in association with the TVA and the U.S. Department of Energy.
Agriculture and forestry
Agriculture and forestry constitute only a tiny fraction of the state's gross domestic product (GDP) and employ a similarly small segment of the workforce. The main crops are cotton, soybeans, hay, tobacco, corn (maize), and small grains, but livestock nearly equals crops in terms of cash receipts. Broiler chickens, eggs, cattle, and milk are the most important livestock products, although the Tennessee Walking Horse, historically bred in Tennessee's central region, brings the state fame among equestrians. Hardwoods (oak, maple, walnut, and others) and softwoods (pine and cedar) are harvested in Tennessee for lumber, chips, pulp, and other wood products. The government operates regular reforestation programs to ensure sustainability of the state's forest resources.
Resources and power
The principal product of Tennessee's mining industry is crushed stone, followed by construction materials, including sand and gravel, dimension stone (marble and sandstone), clay, lime, barite, and other minerals. The state is a national leader in the production of zinc, but copper, silver, lead, and other metals also are important. Coal is the state's primary fuel mineral, with large deposits in the Cumberland Mountains.
Tennessee draws most of its electricity from coal-fired plants, but nuclear power stations also are a significant source of energy. During World War II a nuclear reactor was developed at Oak Ridge, near Knoxville, for the purpose of producing material that could be used in an atomic bomb. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory remains an important institute for the research of military and nonmilitary uses for nuclear materials. Hydroelectric power is prevalent in the eastern part of the state. The TVA, established in 1933 to develop the resources of the Tennessee River valley, is among the largest electric-power-generating systems in the country.
Although employment in manufacturing has declined since the late 20th century, the sector continues to be a significant contributor to Tennessee's GDP. The major products manufactured in the state are computers and electronic equipment, transportation equipment, foods (including beverages and tobacco), chemicals, and metal products. Automobile manufacturing has been one of the fastest-growing segments of Tennessee's manufacturing sector since the late 20th century.
In the early 21st century, the service sector—including government, trade and transportation, various financial and professional services, education, health services, and leisure and hospitality services—accounted for well over half of Tennessee's GDP and provided the vast majority of new jobs. With the state's bountiful scenery, parks, historical sites, and entertainment facilities, tourism has emerged as an important component of the service sector and now employs a significant and growing portion of the population. Health care services, also a major segment of the sector, have shown steady growth.
Tennessee's river system is a vital component of the state's transportation complex. The Tennessee River has a high level of barge traffic. In 1985 it was connected to the Tombigbee River to the south by the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, a canal that created a direct route from the state to the Gulf of Mexico. Railroads remain important, despite a general decline. A network of interstate highways and urban beltways facilitates travel between and around major cities. The state has dozens of public domestic airports. International air service is available from Nashville and Memphis; these two cities also serve as important regional transportation hubs.
Government and society
Constitutional framework
Tennessee's first constitution was enacted in 1796, and new constitutions were adopted in 1835 and 1870. The 1870 constitution was revised several times in the 20th century. Tennessee's government—like that of the federal government—consists of executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The governor, chosen through statewide elections, is the chief executive and appoints the heads of major departments and important state commissions. The General Assembly, Tennessee's bicameral legislature, consists of the 33-member Senate as its upper house and the 99-member House of Representatives as its lower house. Senators are elected to four-year terms, while representatives are elected for two years in office. The Senate elects its own speaker, who also serves as lieutenant governor. The General Assembly has the authority to override a governor's veto by a simple majority. Amendments to the constitution must be approved by both the legislature and the citizens.
The judicial system is headed by the five-justice Supreme Court, which appoints the attorney general and hears appeals from lower courts. Directly below the Supreme Court are two appellate courts: the Court of Appeals, which has authority in civil matters, and the Court of Criminal Appeals, which handles appeals involving felonies, misdemeanors, or postconviction petitions. The Supreme Court justices and the other appellate judges are apportioned among East, Middle, and West Tennessee, and they are elected by the people. The lowest level of the judiciary consists of chancery, circuit, and criminal courts, the judges for which are elected from within their respective counties of jurisdiction. There also are juvenile and family courts.
Local government follows the national pattern. A county commission, composed of commissioners from the civil districts into which the counties are divided, constitutes the legislative authority of most of the state's 95 counties. School boards, either elected or appointed, administer the schools under the direction of county superintendents. Popularly elected sheriffs enforce the criminal laws, and elected officers collect the property taxes and record real-estate transfers. The chief executive officers of the counties are the county executives. Types of city government include the council-manager, mayor-council, and commissioner systems. The city of Nashville and Davidson county constitute a single governmental unit, called Metropolitan Government, or Metro.
Health and welfare
Outstanding medical centres are available in Tennessee's major cities. The Department of Human Services offers a broad spectrum of nonmedical programs to citizens with disabilities, underprivileged children and families, and seniors. In addition to providing basic welfare services, the state facilitates foster care and adoption, licenses day-care centres, and oversees programs to prevent child abuse.
A significant portion of every state tax dollar goes to public education. The State Board of Education administers elementary and secondary education. Tennessee arose in the 1980s as a leader in education reform through the implementation of its Better Schools program, which rewarded teachers for upgrading their credentials and for their performance in the classroom. Since the late 20th century, there also has been increased emphasis on art, music, and physical education in the elementary schools and on math and science requirements at the secondary level. However, Tennessee schools have continued to suffer from poor overall funding, largely because of their dependency on revenues from only modest sales and property taxes.
The Tennessee Higher Education Commission coordinates the work of two higher education boards—the University of Tennessee Board of Trustees and the Board of Regents of the State University and Community College System of Tennessee. The University of Tennessee has campuses in Knoxville, Memphis (the medical school and other schools related to health services), Martin, and Chattanooga. There are several regional public universities, among the oldest and most prominent of which are East Tennessee State University (1912) in Johnson City, the University of Memphis (1911), and Tennessee State (1912) in Nashville. There are more than a dozen community colleges and many technical institutes. Tennessee has long been known for its private colleges; of these, Vanderbilt and Fisk universities, both in Nashville, and the University of the South in Sewanee are perhaps the best known. Fisk is among the country's most highly regarded historically black universities.
Cultural life
The geographic, economic, and social divisions of Tennessee are reflected in a regionalized culture from which have emerged many notable figures in the arts. The white European pioneer tradition helped to shape the music, crafts, and legends of East Tennessee, while African Americans have been a formative cultural force in the western part of the state. Middle Tennesseans have nurtured a rich amalgam of religious, educational, and other institutions.
The arts
Tennessee has long been at the vanguard of the country's musical development. The mountainous eastern region is home not only to an array of rural Appalachian musics rooted in Scotch-Irish tradition but also to popularized country music styles. East Tennessean Dolly Parton, among others, has been at the forefront of mountain and country music performance, and she has actively promoted Appalachian traditions in her popular Dollywood theme park at Pigeon Forge, in the Great Smoky Mountains.
West Tennessee has an especially salient musical history. Beale Street in Memphis emerged as a magnet in the early 20th century for distinguished African American musicians and singers, such as W.C. Handy (an Alabaman by birth), who fostered the development of the blues; the street remains a widely recognized hub of musical activity. In the 1950s, at the studios of Sun Records in Memphis, Elvis Presley merged blues and country music to create a new musical genre that revolutionized American popular music—rock and roll. Presley's mansion, Graceland, is now a popular museum devoted to his life and legacy.
The musical heritage of Middle Tennessee is no less illustrious than those of the eastern and western parts of the state. Since 1925, when the "Grand Ole Opry" radio program was first broadcast, Nashville has been the national centre for the performance, recording, and publishing of country music. The Opry, now a full-fledged stage show that draws immense crowds, has been instrumental in propelling musicians such as long-time Tennessee resident Bill Monroe, the creator of bluegrass music, to stardom. Further enlivening the performing arts of Middle Tennessee and of the state as a whole have been the Tennessee Performing Arts Center (opened 1980) and the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum (established 1967, with a new building in 2001), both in Nashville.
Several important literary movements have ties to Tennessee. In the 1920s the so-called Fugitive poets, associated with Vanderbilt University, gained international attention. Four of them, John Crowe Ransom, Donald Davidson, Allen Tate, and Robert Penn Warren, joined with eight other writers in contributing essays to I'll Take My Stand (1930), a defense of traditional agrarian culture against the changes in values associated with industrialization. Among the state's most distinguished writers of the mid-20th century were Peter Taylor, known for his short stories illuminating conflicts of the changing rural South, and James Agee, recognized for his film scripts, writings on film, and novels. In the later 20th century, Alex Haley produced groundbreaking historical fiction and documentary works depicting the struggles of African Americans, while Shelby Foote was acclaimed particularly for his multivolume account of the American Civil War.
Cultural institutions
Of Tennessee's many historical sites, the Hermitage, home of Andrew Jackson, near Nashville, and the Civil War battlefield of Shiloh are the most famous. The Tennessee State Museum (1937) in Nashville exhibits contemporary and earlier art as well as historical artifacts that document the cultural richness and vitality of the state. In East Tennessee the Museum of Appalachia (1967) near Norris displays the life and material culture of the Appalachian people; the American Museum of Science and Energy (1949) at Oak Ridge chronicles the development and applications of atomic energy; and Rock City Gardens and the Tennessee Aquarium, both in Chattanooga, are popular attractions. In West Tennessee the former Lorraine Hotel in Memphis, site of the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., now draws many visitors as the National Civil Rights Museum.
Sports and recreation
Tennessee has consistently fielded several strong collegiate sports teams. Most notably, the University of Tennessee at Knoxville has fronted nationally prominent gridiron football and women's basketball teams. Both the University of Tennessee and Vanderbilt University are members of the Southeastern Conference of collegiate sports. Nashville is home to professional hockey (Predators) and gridiron football (Titans) teams; Memphis has a professional basketball team (Grizzlies).
The natural beauty of East Tennessee draws many visitors to Great Smoky Mountains National Park (shared with North Carolina), one of the largest protected areas in the eastern United States and among the most heavily visited national parks in the country. At Gatlinburg and Pigeon Forge, also in the eastern mountains, a wide variety of entertainment facilities, such as campgrounds, riding stables, and amusement parks, have emerged since the late 20th century to serve the millions of tourists who visit the area annually. Tennessee also has dozens of state parks, most of which are located near the lakes and mountains of the middle and eastern regions.
Media and publishing
Tennessee is served by many daily newspapers, of which The Tennessean, published in Nashville, and Commercial Appeal, produced in Memphis, have the widest circulations. The Tennessean has a national reputation for journalistic excellence. The state has more than 100 radio stations and several dozen television stations.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
American Civil War: Operations in Kentucky and TennesseeThe Confederates to the east of Missouri had established a unified command under Albert Sidney Johnston, who manned, with only 40,000 men, a long line in Kentucky running from near Cumberland Gap on the east through Bowling Green to Columbus on the Mississippi River.…
cave: Geographic distribution of karst terrain…and central Kentucky and into Tennessee. Karst also occurs in the limestones of Ordovician age (about 430,000,000 to 500,000,000 years old) that lie exposed on the inner Bluegrass structural dome in Kentucky and on the Nashville Dome in Tennessee. In south central Kentucky is the Mammoth Cave area with the…
Remembering the American Civil War: Overviewand Fort Donelson in western Tennessee; this action was followed by Union Gen. John Pope's capture of New Madrid, Missouri, a bloody but inconclusive battle at Shiloh (Pittsburg Landing), Tennessee, on April 6–7, and the occupation of Corinth, Mississippi, and Memphis, Tennessee, in June. Also in April, the Union naval…
Andrew Jackson: Early life…to become the state of Tennessee.…
Christian fundamentalism: The late 19th to the mid-20th centuryThe state of Tennessee passed such a statute, which was challenged in the courts in 1925 at the instigation of the American Civil Liberties Union. John T. Scopes (1900–70), a science teacher in the small town of Dayton, offered to serve as the defendant against the charge of…
More About Tennessee11 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- flag history
- population
- presidential election of 2008
- work of Jackson
- American Civil War
- Christian fundamentalism
physical geography
- Appalachian Mountains


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Doodling Robot Kit
by 4M
Build a robot that's an artist! Vibrations and spin help this creative robot doodle a picture without your guiding hand. Remove the pens and it's a cool vibro robot that slides across smooth surfaces. Parts, pens, and assembly instructions included. AA battery not included.
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Funding Increased for First Responders Training, Dec. 5, 2001
(202) 224-7082
Domenici: Defense Committee Approves Huge $11.5 million Increase for First Responder Training at New Mexico Tech
WASHINGTON, D. C., Dec. 4, 2001 -- U.S. Senator Pete Domenici today reported success in getting significant new funding to support domestic preparedness training funds for the First Responders training program carried out at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in Socorro.
Domenici is a member of the Senate Appropriations Committee that today approved the FY2002 Defense Appropriations Bill, along with a $20 billion "September 11 emergency response" supplemental appropriations package to boost national defense and homeland security, and another $15 billion supplemental package promoted by Senator Robert Byrd (D-W.V.) for domestic spending needs.
The First Responder funds are included in the $15 billion Byrd supplemental package. The Byrd package, not requested by the Bush Administration, faces serious budgetary challenges when it reaches the Senate floor and a veto threat from Bush.
Domenici worked to support a big increase overall for the First Responder program. New Mexico Tech and its three partners in First Responder training will each receive an $11.5 million increase to greatly expand their ability to train communities in responding to emergency or terrorist situations.
"This is a huge increase and a solid vote of confidence for the First Responder program and those doing the training. New Mexico Tech is providing outstanding training for this program, and our expectation for its continued success has only risen since the terrorist attacks in September," Domenici said. "While the Byrd package faces problems on the Senate floor, I am hopeful that we can sustain increased funding for the First Responders program in the final supplemental bill that is sent to President Bush later this month. The $11.5 million for New Mexico Tech is a good start."
The $11.5 million in supplemental appropriations would be, if ultimately enacted, in addition to the $3.5 million already provided for the New Mexico school through the FY2002 Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary (CJS) Appropriations Bill. President Bush signed the CJS bill in late November.
The school stands to have a total of $15 million in FY2002 for First Responder Training, which is $10.5 million more than the $4.5 million it was provided in FY2001 for this work. The training is provided through New Mexico Tech's Energetic Materials Research and Testing Center.
New Mexico Tech prepares first responders such as firefighters, law enforcement, medical and other emergency personnel to respond to potential acts of terrorism, including chemical, biological and nuclear threats.
"With over 17,000 law enforcement agencies and a comparable number of fire departments operating in the United States, we know the need is great for this type of First Responder training," Domenici said.
The $317.2 billion FY2002 Defense Appropriations Bill, with the supplemental package, next goes to the full Senate for consideration.
"I believe the American people see the funding of our national defenses as a primary priority for Congress. We've set the Senate on a good course for meeting that expectation," Domenici said.
New Mexico Tech was one of the four institutions tapped for the first responder training effort as part of the National Domestic Preparedness Consortium (NDPC). Other NDPC partners include Louisiana State University, Texas A&M University, and the Nevada Test Site.


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The new Nexus Q streaming media player announced by Google at its I/O conference Wednesday is already receiving blowback for its seemingly high price, at $299.00. But according to the New York Times, one reason the device is a bit pricey is that Google decided to manufacture much of it in the United States, rather than building it overseas in places like China, where most gadgets are now manufactured.
Labor costs are significantly lower in China, which largely contributes to the (generally) reasonable prices of most gadgets nowadays. Companies (like Apple) that use Chinese factories in their operation chain have begun to face scrutiny, due to the suspected deaf ear turned to the factories' allegedly poor treatment of workers and failures to meet basic safety guidelines.
According to a report in the New York Times, the parts in the Nexus Q are "almost completely" sourced from manufacturers in the United States. The metal base is created in the Midwest; plastic components are from Southern California. A notable exception are the semiconductor chips, which are made in the US but then packed off to Asia to be combined with other components.
The Nexus Q, which functions as both a streaming hub and 25-watt amp for external speakers, is now available for order at $299.00. The device will ship in July.


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It was a 1967 raid -- on the Los Angeles gay bar the Black Cat Tavern -- that inspired the first issue of The Advocate . So two years later, when the police hit New York City's Stonewall Inn, the magazine's staff had a little experience under its belt and was ready to report on the ensuing riots (even if the news did have to share cover billing with "18 Groovy Guys"). The Advocate covers in the 40 years since Stonewall are a remarkable reminder of just how far the gay and lesbian movement has come in the past four decades-and how many hits we've taken along the way. Here are 40 of our favorite.
(To see all Advocate covers from the magazine's first 40 years, go here .)


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Contrary to Popular Parenting is a site that is dedicated to education and support of alternative parenting practices. We exist for our members to discuss and find support for attachment parenting and natural family living.
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Snooter created this community on September 23rd, 2006. We were first hosted by invisionfree, but now find ourselves on our own server as c2pp.com. Our awesome moderating team from our invision site did a wonderful job of transferring our old board to this one. Our moderators that you see have either been nominated by other moderators, have volunteered, or have been chosen by the admin. The most important features of this board have been decided upon by the community. From the access to private forums, to the name itself. Snooter created this board because she wanted a more open and relaxed atmosphere where it felt more like a community. She wanted a place where members felt that they could openly share their opinions on all topics and even openly question the goings on of the board. They may not always like the answers they get, but they are free to ask.
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In order for this message board to run smoothly and with little Administrative or Moderator interference, we have a few basic rules.
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A headache is pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck. Serious causes of headaches are rare. Most people with headaches can feel much better by making lifestyle changes, learning ways to relax, and sometimes by taking medicines.
Pain - head; Rebound headaches; Medication overuse headaches
The most common type of headache is tension headache. It is likely caused by tight muscles in your shoulders, neck, scalp, and jaw. A tension headache:
A migraine headache involves severe pain. It usually occurs with other symptoms, such as vision changes, sensitivity to sound or light, or nausea. With a migraine:
Rebound headaches are headaches that keep coming back. They often occur from overuse of pain medicines. For this reason, these headaches are also called medicine overuse headaches. People who take pain medicine more than 3 days a week on a regular basis can develop this type of headache.
Other types of headaches:
In rare cases, a headache can be a sign of something more serious, such as:
There are things you can do to manage headaches at home, especially migraines or tension headaches. Try to treat the symptoms right away.
When migraine symptoms begin:
A headache diary can help you identify your headache triggers. When you get a headache, write down the following:
Review your diary with your doctor to identify triggers or a pattern to your headaches. This can help you and your doctor create a treatment plan. Knowing your triggers can help you avoid them.
Your doctor may have already prescribed medicine to treat your type of headache. If so, take the medicine as instructed.
For tension headaches, try acetaminophen, aspirin, or ibuprofen. Talk to your doctor if you are taking pain medicines 3 or more days a week.
Some headaches may be a sign of a more serious illness. Seek medical help right away for any of the following:
Your health care provider will take a medical history and will examine your head, eyes, ears, nose, throat, neck, and nervous system.
Your provider will ask many questions to learn about your headaches. Diagnosis is usually based on your history of symptoms.
Tests may include:
Digre KB. Headaches and other head pain. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman's Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 405.
Garza I, Swanson JW, Cheshire WP Jr, et al. Headache and other craniofacial pain. In: Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, eds. Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 69.
Kwiatkowski T, Friedman BW. Headache disorders. In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al., eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Mosby; 2013:chap 103.