text:
Sheet music downloads have become the preferred method of acquiring classical music repertoire. Created by professional musicians, EveryNote.com presents classical sheet music download of over 20.000 popular and hard-to-find music scores over 1000 composers. A major Internet provider of classical sheet music files download online, EveryNote.com offers the largest and most complete digital sheet music download library on the Web in the world. Instantly download, view and print your favorite classical music score. Everynote.com currently offers thousands of classical music compositions for Piano, Violin, Cello, Flute, Clarinet, Classical Guitar, Voice, Chamber and Choral music.Many more instruments, composers, genres added every day! EveryNote.com has been featured in The New York Times, Globe and Mail, Musical America and many other publications.
Ignaz Friedman short biography
One of the most outstanding pianist of the first half of the 20th Century, Ignaz Friedman studied with the famous pedagogue Theodor Leschetizky. In 1904, Friedman had his first appearance in Vienna with a program of 3 piano concertos and several solo compositions. The critics called him 'Titan of Piano'. Always sitting still and motionless, almost aristocratic at the piano, Friedman's style was based on a prodigious virtuosity and a sense of rhythm and color. Friedman was especially famous for his peerless performances of Chopin's music. Friedman was also a productive composer who wrote a hundred piano miniatures. Friedman arrangements of Bach and Scarlatti have been considered masterpieces of the genre. Friedman's editions of the complete works of Chopin, Schumann and Liszt have been used by many modern pianists.
More Piano sheet music download on EveryNote.com
Piano sheet music download on EveryNote.com
Web design by Web design SEO & Hosting Company - iGenii inc


text:
Sunroom Addition Contractors: Maryland Sunroom Addition Experts
Maryland has a lot of sunroom contractors to choose from when it comes to sunroom addition construction. However, not all sunroom companies have your best interests at heart. Many Sunroom Addition experts will overcharge you or simply work in slow motion if paid by the hour. If you want to hire a Sunroom Addition expert who will be dependable, reliable, and charge you a reasonable price you should consider using our services.
We consider our Sunroom Addition experts to be some of the best in all of Maryland. They will go out of their way to provide you with sunroom addition construction service you can depend on. We are eager to offer you high quality sunroom addition construction and the best customer service at the cheapest prices around. All you need to do is fill out our simple contact form and we will get back to you ASAP with a quote.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
BREVARD, N.C. --- Lees-McRae sophomore Jenah Tracy and senior Katelin Rooney combined for nine goals while the women's lacrosse team drubbed Brevard in its season opener, 18-0, in nonconference action Friday afternoon at Brevard Lacrosse Field in Brevard, N.C.
The Bobcats (1-0) have won consecutive season openers by a combined score of 38-4 while Mia Emmerson (Orlando, Fla.) earned a clean slate and two saves. The Tornados (0-1) struggled on both sides while playing a man down the entire game.
Tracy (Naples, Fla.) gave LMC a quick 2-0 lead following a pair of goals in the first 65 seconds of play.
Nicole Dupont (Fort Myers, Fla.) and Callie Gregg (Roanoke, Va.) netted a goal each to put the Bobcats up 4-0 within five minutes of action.
Freshman Kirsten English (Myrtle Beach, S.C.) and Rooney (Naples, Fla.) notched two goals apiece over the next 13 minutes.
Sophomore Taylor Drake (Jupiter, Fla.) earned a goal and an assist in the first 30 minutes of play while LMC held a healthy 11-0 lead.
Tracy reciprocated her first half success by notching LMC's first goal of the second following a pass from Gregg, to find the back of the net at the 27:47 mark.
The offensive onslaught continued while Rooney collected two more goals and Julia Colburn (Mooresville, N.C.) recorded her first collegiate goal with 6:22 remaining, 17-0.
Tracy paced the high-scoring Bobcat offense with five goals while Rooney recorded four and won eight draws. English was equally as impressive with a hat trick and victorious on four draws.
BC's Julia Gasston recorded the only two shots for the home squad.
LMC forced 21 turnovers while peppering the BC goalie with 36 shots. The Tornados' Brianna Bangle amassed 15 saves.
The Bobcats return to action with a trip to Catawba Tuesday at 4 p.m. in Salisbury, N.C.


text:
This monument and memorial candle to Stanisławów this was the purpose of the committee of its natives, who merited to live in our State and to actualize their aim. This book that is now being published is edited by Dov Sadan and Menachem Gelerter.
The committee gives over this book to the public domain with a word of thanks to those who toiled for it the compilers who each wrote a section about the chronicles of the city; the late Rabbi Dr. Mordechai Zeev Broida, a rabbi, preacher, activist and educator who gave over of his light to this community; and, may they live long, the elders of the community Reb Yeshayahu Halevi Ish Horowitz and Aharon Leib Shusheim; the activist and writer Meir Henish; the historian Dr. N. M. Gelber; and the Holocaust survivors Vita Kaswiner and Lusia Weisberg, the final witnesses to the death throws of the community; the researcher Dov Sadan; and finally Menachem Gelerter, who gave over great effort to this enterprise, with his exemplary dedication, generosity and diligence.
May Mossad Harav Kook, the publishing house of this book, be blessed.
|The Committee for
the Publication of this Anthology
Due to its good geographical situation, since it was located on the main road
that connected the city of Lwów with the southeastern region[1], Stanisławów
became within a short period a main commercial center in southeastern Poland.
Since it was located near the border of the Polish republic, it also had the
important task of protecting the homeland. Not too many years passed before the
city was considered to be a main fortress in the eastern part of the Polish
republic. Due to its strategic importance, it superseded the other well-known
fortresses in this area, such as Halicz, Terebovlya (Trembowla), Brzerżany
(Brezan)[2*], Złoczów, Śniatyn, and Tyśmienica (Tishminitz), all of which excelled in the protection of the
Therefore it should be no surprise
that the interests of the residents of this city received special attention[3], such as being exempted from taxes and monetary payments, for they had to
bear the difficult yoke of protecting the border fortress and the
republic wall (antemurus Reipublicae)[4].
In order to develop the city into a center of commerce, the owner of the city
Jedrzej Potocki invited Armenians from Moldavia and Hungary. They arrived in
the city in the years 1663-1664, and settled in it on the basis of a charter
that promised them special rights as an independent community. Both the
Armenians and the Jews were promised, in the founding charter of the city of
May 7, 1654[5], the right to
settle in the city. They were also granted the right to establish a house of
prayer on the land that was given to them.
[Page 10]
In a special charter from November 9, 1654, which established the rights from the Catholic Church, its priests were promised the right to not permit any person to worship in accordance with his religious faith (neminem ad exercitum liberum religionis admittendi); however it explicitly stated that the Unitarians, Greeks, and Jews would be excepted from this. In a special charter from September 17, 1662[6], Jedrzej Potocki granted the Jews (Żydzi talmudowi) the right to settle permanently in the city and the right to engage in commerce and crafts in the same measure as the members of the Polish, Ruthenia and Armenian nations, as well as the right to leave in accordance with their own will. He also freed them from tolls and taxes. According to this charter, the Jews were given in the city itself on the Street of the Jews near the ramparts, three houses for the clergy, as well as yards and houses to build a synagogue, Beis Midrash, pharmacies, stores, which everyone could build in accordance with their desire, and it was permitted to own business and conduct business in gold, silver, textiles, furs, clothing, hats, and all varieties of merchandise. It was also permitted for them to purchase and sell saffians[3*], black hides, shoes, and all sorts of merchandise in retail trade. They can sell anything in their homes and buildings. However, they were forbidden to conduct any business in the market square. They were permitted to conduct business on any day, with the exception of the Christian holidays of Christmas and Easter. They were allowed to open their stores on the days of Christian festivals only after the conclusion of church services. The Jews were given a plot of land for a cemetery near the city, behind the fortifications on the road that led to Tyśmienica, as well as a plot for a bathhouse.
This charter also gave the Jews rights to build workshops as well as distilleries for liquor, mead and brandy, on the condition that 2 guilder be paid for each half barrel, and 3 guilder a year for brandy. Aside from this, it was set that Jews who owned mills were required to pay special payments to the owner of the city from every batch of wheat. All rights of serving liquor belonged to Potocki, who was obligated in his name and the name of his heirs to guard the rights that were leased to Jewish lessees. The charter also established the matters of jurisdiction with respect to the general charter that was given to the Jews of Poland. One paragraph was dedicated to the organization of matters regarding craftsmen. Their rights were similar to those of the Christian craftsmen. They were obligated to belong to the general guilds and to pay all general taxes; but as Jews they were exempt from the duties imposed on Christian craftsmen, such as attending church, conducting oneself in accordance with religion, and giving candles to the churches. It is self evident that the Jews were obligated to pay all of the dues for candles, etc.
In accordance with the charter, the following were found among the Jews
artisans: shoemakers, tailors, smiths, butchers, engravers, plasterers,
tanners, musicians and makers of tar. The Jewish butchers and bakers were given
special places in the market square. They had to pay dues for this to the owner
of the city, such as providing fats for the palace and church. The butchers
received a special privilege from Jedrzej Potocki on April 24, 1664, setting up
a guild to which Jews were also allowed to belong. However, the head of the
guild could only be a Polish Catholic.
[Page 11]
The Jewish butchers received half (12) of the stalls in the market square. On May 28, 1722, they received another 12 stalls.
The Jews were permitted to purchases homes from Christians and to sell homes to Christians. In the event of a fire, the Jewish residents were required to serve alongside the Christian residents in firefighting and rescue work.
Potocki explicitly promised the Jews protection, and exempted them from various taxes and tolls, such as conscription for labor, tithes, payments for road improvement, and tolls that were paid for horned cattle. However the Jews were required, as were the rest of the population, to participate in the expenses for guarding the streets. Householders would pay to the owner of the city 3 guilders annually for each house, and tenants would pay 1.5 guilder for each dwelling.
Aside from restrictions in the economic activity that was permitted to them, the privilege explicitly stated that the Jewish community would have the same rights and freedoms as the Christians had.
At the end of the privilege that was signed by he and his wife (Anna z Rysin staroscina Halicka, Leżajska, Kołomyjska), Potocki promised that he would fulfill all of his promises, and he obligated his heirs in the same manner[7].
Potocki, who was interested in the economic development of the city of Stanisławów, made every effort to improve the physical and economic conditions for the Armenian and Jewish communities, for he saw this as the only factor which might help him actualize his economic goals[8]. This privilege, from the year 1662, established the basis for the Jewish community in Stanisławów.
At the end of the 17th century, the Jewish quarter was located near Trynitarski
Square (Plac Trynitarski) and was marked by the defensive ramparts (wały). Next
to the ramparts, the Jews built the first synagogue in Stanisławów, a Beis
Midrash, bathhouse, and residences for the rabbi, shamash and doctor. The
settlement of Jews in the city was impeded, of course, by the great opposition
of the Christian citizens, who, as in other cities of Poland and Lithuania, saw
in them the most difficult of competitors. Jedrzej Potocki, who understood the
situation very well, granted the Christian citizens many rights in order to
satisfy them and assuage their anger that arose when they saw Jews streaming
into the city. However, he also knew how to esteem the Jews, in that he
recognized that only they would be able to make a significant contribution
toward the development of the city as a center of commerce along the main road
of southeastern Poland. Many legends arose in the Jewish community about
Jedrzej Potocki, who was beloved by them. One of them tells that he loved
Jewish Kabballah, and studied it from the Kabbalist Reb Eliyahu who came from
Turkey, and lived in a cave around Stanisławów, in which he decided to await the
coming of the Messiah. The Jews knew how to accommodate themselves to the
situation, and to establish friendly relations with the citizens, who were for
the most part Armenians.
[Page 12]
The latter left their mark on the city to such an extent that the French traveler d'Aleyrac, who passed through Stanisławów in the year
1886, wrote that he saw there many wealthy Armenian wholesale merchants who were in control of all of the markets.
First, the Jews built a synagogue. As was customary in those days, it was made of wood. It was built in Plac Trynitarski, and the Jewish quarter was built up around it. The French traveler Verdum, who visited Poland at that time, related that he saw a synagogue in Stanisławów in 1672.
The Jews were occupied for the most part in small scale trade, tavern keeping, and trades. Their sphere of economic activity was limited due to the ascendancy of the Armenians, in whose hand at the time was the entire wholesale trade in Potocki's regions, including trade in grain, cattle, horses, and fish, which were sent to Silesia and Danzig. They also owned the factories of Berus[4*], saffians, and valuable belts. It is self evident that it was hard to define boundaries between the economic activity of the Jews and Armenians, so that each one would not encroach on the other. It is clear that the competition led to a difficult economic battle.
The crafts were for the most part in the hands of the Ruthenians and Poles; however the Poles dominated in the guilds. The entire government was in the hands of the Poles, and they were like patricians amongst the craftsmen. These two streams, the Ruthenians and the Poles, always united in their struggle against the Jewish craftsmen and made efforts so as not to give them any possibility of economic rootedness.
In the meantime, the city suffered from the wars and defeat that were part of the lot of the country at the end of the 16th century. The invasion of the Hajdamaks[5*] and the war between Poland and Turkey in the years 1683-1699 caused a decline in the city and also its destruction. The situation became so desperate that the Sejmik (small Sejm / parliament) in Halicz instructed the Sejm representatives of the Halicz region to advise the Sejm to free the residents of Stanisławów from all tax payments for three years, due to its great suffering as a fortress city. During these years, the Jews were enlisted to join along with the rest of the population in the defense of the city. In accordance with a decision of the town council, it was obligatory on all the residents that everyone, be they Jew or Christian, must have a proper gun and two liters of gunpowder. Shooting exercises took place from time to time, in which the Jews also participated. The residents of the city also suffered during the war of August II against Stanisław Lecinski, with whom Józef Potocki was also allied. After the victory of August II, his armies invaded the city and fell upon and pillaged the residents, without discrimination based on religion. The military command imposed a large fine upon the city. Many Jews fled the city due to the gravity of the situation.
The economic decline of the city pushed the citizens to reign in the Jewish
population, for they saw them as the cause of their economic misery. After
attacks on the Jews in 1719, the relations between the Jews and non-Jews became
so shaky that the Chevra Kadisha (Burial Society) forbade its members to rent
stores in Christian homes. The epidemic in 1712 was also a significant
contributing factor to the economic decline. This epidemic killed a large
segment of the population of the city.
[Page 13]
With this background, a serious economic battle broke out between the citizens and the Jews, particularly after the conclusion of the wars at the beginning of the 18th century, when Potocki began reconstructing the city. In 1716, the Polish citizens came to Józef Potocki with a complaint against the Jews, claiming that they were guilty for the physical decline that came upon them after the conclusion of the wars. They demanded a new division of taxes that would reflect the true economic situation. For the Jews have pushed themselves into all types of business, and they rule over us. The Christians have no possibility to improve their situation and to improve their economic conditions. On the contrary, they have no sources of livelihood, and they are forced to lease their houses to Jews. The Armenians did not become involved in this struggle between the Polish citizens and the Jews, for they became especially rich during the time of the war by providing horses to the army.
The claims of the Poles were not correct. The Jews had suffered more than they did during these wars. Furthermore, the tax burden that was imposed on them was significantly greater than that of the rest of the citizens. Nevertheless, Józef Potocki had no choice but to come down on the side of the citizens, and he forbade the Jews from buying lots from the non-Jews, and from running taverns and inns in the homes that had rented from Christians. Despite all this, the Jews were not subdued. On the contrary, despite the difficult conditions and the economic pressure, they spared no effort to expand the sphere of their economic activities. Their efforts were also impeded by the Armenians, who had until this time stood at the side of the Jewish-Polish struggle, and now regarded the participation of the Jews in commerce as a threat to their economic status.
In the meantime, the community grew. A second bathhouse was built in 1718 next
to the Chevra Kadisha which was founded in 1692[9] the first bathhouse
having being build in the year 1662. In those years, a charitable fund was
established that gave out interest free loans, in return for surety of valuable
objects. When enemy armies invaded Stanisławów during the years 1714-1716, and
the community could not pay the contribution that had been imposed upon it by
the Russian army, they borrowed the money from the charitable fund after
pledging all of the valuable objects of the synagogue as surety[10]. In 1732,
the Jewish population was 1,470 souls from among a total population of 3,321
(1,518 Poles and Ruthenians, 333 Armenians, 1,470 Jews). It is self evident
that the Armenians were afraid that due to their numbers, the Jews would pose a
threat to them. Therefore they presented a written complaint to Józef Potocki
on May 9, 1736, claiming that the Jews, in their diligence, grabbed hold of all
branches of business and tavern keeping, and posed so much competition against
the Christian merchants that many of them were forced to rent their houses to
Jews or to abandon them, for they were not able to earn a livelihood or to
perform all of the required repairs to the houses. Potocki was forced to
appoint a committee to conduct a detailed investigation regarding the fields of
business that should be allowed to the Jews. The investigation of this
committee resulted in restrictions upon Jewish business. From that point, it
was forbidden for Jews to acquire immovable property in the city without a
special permit from the owner of the city.
[Page 14]
It was also forbidden for them to run taverns and inns in the houses that they rented from Armenians. Based on the decisions of this committee, the city council issued a decision against the Jews on June 25, 1736, which claimed that, due to the Jews who jumped into the hides trade and made shoes, boots, etc., the Armenian merchants were pushed out of all fields of business, and were completely devastated economically. Against this, the Jews claimed that, in accordance with the charter that was given to them, they were permitted to conduct business in hides. Although they were forbidden to make shoes and sell them in their stores, they were permitted to give the hides to shoemakers. The city council forbade the Jews from that time to make any hides purchases and to produce shoes. They were permitted to purchase cattle wholesale in return for hides, but they were forbidden to sell them wholesale or retail locally, and they were forbidden to purchase animal hides from the farmers in the marketplace. This decision, which took effect immediately, cancelled in essence the privilege that was given to the Jews on September 17, 1662, which granted them the same freedoms as the rest of the population had. It goes without saying that this decision caused a decline in the situation of the Jews, who were forced to transgress the bans and restrictions without paying attention to the consequences, for the concern for livelihood was above all else. If we add to this that during those days, starting from 1727, there were also fierce struggles between the Jewish and Christian tanners, we can understand how aggravated were the relations between the various segments of the population.
The decision of the town council was in essence a hindrance against the livelihoods of the Jews and an obstacle before their economic existence. This can be seen from the fact that, despite their lowly economic situation, all sorts of taxes and tolls were demanded of them. Since they were required to pay them, they fell into great debt. Furthermore, they were forced to pay various bribes in order to circumvent the legal restrictions. The situation here, as in all communities of Poland of that era, was that the Jews were burdened under the weight of debts, and interest upon interest.
Józef Potocki, who provided support to the Armenians[6*] in particular, gave them permission to build a church. In order to cover the building expenses, he imposed upon the Jews, in an ordinance from April 24, 1743, a special tax of 1,000 guilders a year, that they were required to pay in two payments per year: one payment on March 1, and the second on September 1, to the hands of the Armenian priest, until the building of the church is completely finished.[11]. Since the building of the church went on for twenty years, the Jews were required to pay 1,000 guilders per year as their contribution toward its building, until 1762. This was aside from the general taxes that were owed by all Jews. However, even when the church was already standing, the Jews were not freed from this tax. On the contrary, the owners of the city decided that the tax should continue into the future at the same sum, for the benefit of the church, so that they will pray for the peace and wealth of the Potocki family.
Józef Potocki, who did not pass up any opportunity to extract taxes and various
tolls from the Jews, attempted also to support them and fulfill all of their
communal requests. One of their requests was for a new synagogue building,
which became a great necessity after the community grew in a significant
[Page 15]
The old synagogue, built in 1665, was not able to meet the needs of the community. Furthermore, in 1680, when Jedrzej Potocki built his new palace behind the walls of the city and wished to transfer the center of the city to that place so as to unite his residence with the city fortifications, it became clear that the Jewish quarter separated the palace from the center of the city. The question arose as to whether to transfer the Jewish quarter to another area. However, this plan only came to fruition during the days of his son, the Hetman of the crown, the above mentioned Józef Potocki. He gave the Jews a large area in another edge of the city, at the fortifications to the left of the gate to Tyśmienica in the place where today Meizels Street meets Potocki Square. At the time of the reorganization of the administrative apparatus during the years 1717-1721, Potocki granted a new privilege to the Jews[12]. This privilege allowed them to build a large synagogue after they receive the new quarter, and also authorized all rights that were granted to them in the charter of 1662. He did not satisfy himself with merely providing the permission, but also gave of his own money for the building of the synagogue, and even gave them wood and other building materials.
However, this synagogue, which was made of wood, was not able to satisfy the
community. After several years, it was two small for its congregation, for the
Jewish population had grown in a significant manner. During that time, Potocki
made great efforts to improve the appearance of the city. He encouraged the
population to destroy the wooden buildings and to build brick structures in
their stead. The heads of the Jewish community of Stanisławów wished to
capitalize upon this opportunity, and expended great effort in order to obtain
from the owners of the city the required permit to build a new synagogue out of
brick. However, in accordance with the legal situation in those days, there was
also a need to obtain a permit from the ecclesiastical diocese of Lwów, to
which Stanisławów belonged. It was headed by Archbishop Mikołai Ignacy Wyżicki.
To this end, Leib the son of Nissan (Nisonowicz) the lessee of Halicz
(arrendator Tabernalis Haliciensis) traveled to Lwów and requested from the
Archbishop that he permit the Jews of Stanisławów to build a brick synagogue for
their community. The Archbishop granted the requested permit on June 12, 1745,
but he agreed in essence only to an external renovation of the old synagogue,
and that the building be done in accordance with the regulations of the synod
[13], which had become the law of the land with the passage of time. In
accordance with these regulations, Jewish synagogues were not permitted to
differ from other Jewish buildings in external appearance and building height.
In addition, they could not be built close to churches, so that their
chattering should not disturb the Catholic prayers. The Jews of Stanisławów
were forced to content themselves with these renovations of the old synagogue,
for due to their difficult conditions and economic struggle with the citizens,
they had no power to undertake a fundamental renovation.
[Page 16]
During the 1750s, the Armenians began to give over to the Jews the taverns and stores that they occupied, for they did not feel themselves competent enough to occupy themselves with them. The citizens wished to view this occurrence as a result of the craftiness of the Jews. They employed means against the Jews to destroy their economic situation. This economic battle, which was not only an issue in Stanisławów alone, but was rather one in a long chain of battles between the Jews and the citizens in all of Poland, continued until the time that Lesser Poland (Małopolska) was transferred to Austria. It did not end until a long time after the Austrian conquest.
The Jews of the city also suffered from attacks from the noblemen. On May 19, 1751, Józef Potocki, the owner of the city who treated the Jews well, died. On the day of his funeral, the Starosta (County Administrator) Mikołaj Potocki killed one Jew in Stanisławów. When the son of the late owner of the city chastised him for his deed, he answered in the Ruthenian language: Quiet, don't shout, in return for the one Jew, I will return to you a wagon full of Jews. He then traveled to his native city of Buczacz, gathered a large number of Jewish youths, loaded them upon a wagon, sent them to Stanisławów, and unloaded them in front of Potocki's palace. This event which was characteristic of the relationship between the Polish noblemen and the Jews frightened the Jews of the city, for they understood the spirit of the noblemen very well, and feared other attacks and pillaging of property from them.
During the days of the rule of Stanislaw the son of Józef Potocki
the economic situation of the Jews improved. They succeeded in becoming
involved in many fields of business, and in accustomizing the citizens to their
expanded fields of economic endeavor. They were able to renew their efforts to
obtain a permit for the building of a new synagogue. On June 28, 1761, the
Archbishop of Lwów Wacław Sierakowski received the delegation of the
community, consisting of Rabbi Dov Berish the son of Yaakov Avraham and the
heads of the community Chaim the son of Yaakov and Yisrael the son of Aharon.
They presented him with the permit that had been granted to them by Wyżicki and
requested that he authorize it, for they had not been able actualize it and to
build a brick synagogue. General Eustachy Potocki also interceded on behalf of
the community, and in his merit, the archbishop decided to authorize the
permit. However, he added a few restrictions, including that in the event of
the destruction of the synagogue or a fire, they were forbidden to rebuild the
synagogue without the approval of the archbishop. In addition, they were
forbidden to employ a Christian to clean the chandeliers, and the Jewish
innkeepers and bakers were forbidden to sell their wares on Sundays and
Christian holidays. The Jewish storekeepers were forbidden to open their stores
on those days. During the time of the parade on the holiday of Boże Ciało, and
during the time that the Christian church goes out to such a parade, Jews are
forbidden to be seen on the streets, and must remain at home with their windows
shut. They were also forbidden to make weddings with musical instruments, but
must do so quietly and modestly. Christians were forbidden to attend Jewish
celebrations and to eat and drink at the table of a Jew. Transgressors would be
excommunicated from the church. Aside from these restrictions, the permit
contained other restrictions, such as the ban upon insulting Christians, of
hiring them as watchmen for the cemetery[14],
of conducting funerals after sunset, etc.
[Page 17]
Right after they received the permit, the Jews immediately began the work of dismantling the synagogue, and they began collecting the needed money for building. The building of the synagogue continued for sixteen years. The new synagogue was dedicated in 1777, that is already in the time when the city was already within the realm of the Austrian Kaiser.
The political events that took place in Poland between 1764 and the eve of the first partition (1772), the invasion of the armies of the Confederation of Noblemen of Halicz and of the Russian army, severe oppression, and pillage of Jewish property by both the invading enemy armies and the local residents all were signs of the setting of the era of Polish independence in Stanisławów. Indeed, already on the eve of the partition of Poland, when the Polish and Armenian citizens complained about their business decline, Józef Potocki claimed in 1769 that the Jews had succeeded in overtaking all branches of business and trade, not due to subversion, but rather due to the lack of ability of the Armenian merchants. For they were burdened by all sort of protocols that bore the stamp of the Middle Ages, and therefore it is no wonder that the number of Jewish merchants and stores grew to such an extent that in the stores of the tower of the town hall there were only 5 Armenian merchants and 19 Jewish merchants at the time of the partition[15].
Similarly, the number of Jewish craftsmen increased. At the end of the 18th
century, the number of Armenian and Polish guilds, which still held significant
positions in the fields of tailoring, shoemaking, fur making, and textiles,
declined. In these fields as well, the Jews had succeeded with the passage of
time in capturing significant positions. At the end of the 18th century, there
were 220 craftsmen in the city. Of these, 151 (68.6%) were Christians who lived
in the suburbs of the city, and 69 (31.4%) were Jews[16] who lived in the
city. They engaged in the following crafts: tailoring, gold making, glass
blowing, baking, smithiery, basket making, butchering, barbering, engraving, and
bookbinding. One of the two watchmakers was Jewish.
[Page 18]
The lot of the community of Stanisławów[17] was the same as the lot of all Jewish communities of Galicia. Despite various difficulties, the Jewish population began to develop both economically and numerically. In 1776, there were 17,500 Jews in 1,577 houses in the region of Stanisławów. That is to say, eleven souls lived in each house. If we take into account that the homes of the Jews were small and poorly built, we can imagine the degree of crowding in the Jewish homes. With regard to the occupation of the Jews, there was the adage: every fourth Jew in the city was a tailor[18]. This was a slight exaggeration, but was more or less justified in Stanisławów.
The Potocki family of the owners of the city spread its wings over the Jews. In the ledgers of the government it stated explicitly that in the merit of this protection, German merchants who came from all other lands of the monarchy were not able to settle in Stanisławów. However, this protection did not last long for the Jews. The Austrian government wished to unite their states with respect to the Jewish population. After arranging the organizational unity, they wished first and foremost to organize the economic conditions. The central government regarded one of the important problems to be the liquidation of the Jewish tavern keepers of Galicia. Only eight of the eighteen regional heads agreed to this, one of them being the head of the Stanisławów region, Baron Levenvalde. His reasoning was that such a liquidation would bring great benefit in Bukovina[19], and that the liquidation of the tavern keepers would force the Jews to be employed in productive professions.
All of the experiments that took place during the reign of Empress Maria Teresa
did not succeed in bringing recognizable changes and improvements to the
economic life of the Jews of Galicia. Therefore it is no wonder that the
economic situation during the era of her successor Kaiser Franz Josef II
declined to such an extent that the authorities deliberated about the difficult
question of what to do to improve the difficult situation of the Jews.
[Page 19]
Josef II, who was a physiocrat in terms of his economic and political outlook, wished to ease the Jewish problem by settling the Jews as farmers on the land. In 1781, the Galician representatives asked if it would be possible to give the Jews lands on government property in order that they might work the land. In 1782, a directive was issued from Vienna that Jewish farmers would only pay half of the marriage tax. After a short time, they were completely exempted from this tax. The founding of Jewish settlements only began in 1785, after a directive was issued by the Kaiser on July 16. In the spring of 1786, the first Jewish agricultural settlement was established in the village of Dąbrówka near Nowy Sącz (Neisandz, Tzanz). Afterwards, the agricultural settlement Neu Babylon was established near the city of Bolechow. Other such settlements were established, which did not last long. In accordance with a directive of the government, it was established that from among the agricultural settlers in all of Galicia 1,410 families Stanisławów and its region must provide 147 Jewish families. However, in actuality, only 143 families were settled, which included 377 adults and 260 children younger than 18. The property of these settlers included 143 houses, 156 silos and barns, 1,964 plots of land, 241 horses, 238 oxen and 217 cows. The communities in the regions of settlement were expected to provide the budget in such a manner that the expenditures for the settlement of one family would total 250 Florin[20]. In 1822, the number of Jewish settlers from Stanisławów and its area included 56 families that settled the land 20 of which were funded by the community and 36 were funded by themselves. It is obvious that the tax burden served to lower the economic situation of the Jews of Stanisławów, just as happened in other regions and cities in Galicia. We should remember that, aside from the Tolerance Tax (Toleranzsteuer)[21], the Jews paid all sorts of other tolls and taxes. Most of the Jews earned their living from tavern keeping, and the number of Jewish families was similar to the number of taverns. The government did not oppose this, for the distancing of Jews from taverns led to a decline in government income.
During those days, the importance of a city was determined by the level of taxes collected, or according to the number of personnel employed in their collection. From this perspective, during the early period of Austrian rule, Stanisławów was numbered, along with Złoczów, Zaleszczyki, Brody, Tarnopol and Lwów, among the largest communities, that were allowed to employ, due to their large Jewish population, a special official (Excisist) to arrange all maters regarding the collection of the meat tax. His annual salary was 200 Florin. They also were allowed to employ a Jewish clerk whose annual salary was 350 Florin[22].
In the year 1788, there were 11 communities with 3,530 Jewish families,
numbering 17,342 souls in Stanisławów and its region. Of these, there were 8,584
men and 8,758 women. In accordance with status, there were 2,962 families of
type I, 212 of type II, 137 of type III, and 255 poor families[7*].
[Page 20]
In 1790, there were 3,351 families in Stanisławów and its region, and they paid 13,404 Florin in tolerance tax[23]. In 1792 there were 3,252 families, numbering 15,420 souls, including 7,618 men, and 7,802 women. In accordance with types, there were 2,664 of type I, 269 of type II, 126 of type II, and 193 poor families[24].
As has been stated, the Jews were employed for the most part in running taverns and retail trade. In 1788, a very significant branch of business was taken away from them tobacco growing. During the days of Polish independence, the farmers around Stanisławów grew tobacco. For many years, its sale was centered in the hands of Jews. Aside from tobacco, these Jews were also involved in the salt trade. After the government of Austria made trade in tobacco and salt into their own monopoly, the farmers stopped growing tobacco, since the government paid them such low prices that it no longer brought them any profit. With this monopoly, the source of livelihood of many Jews was sealed off.
There were also a significant number of craftsmen among the Jews. Originally, they were primarily involved in the tailoring and baking trades. During these years, the textile field opened up, and a small number of Jews also became involved in wholesale trade. The wealthy wholesalers included Shlomo Sachs (Zaks), Abel Arnold, Aharon Ergler[25], and Naftali Hertz the son of the rabbi and head of the region of Lwów, Aryeh Leib of Buczacz.
In 1791, the government forbade the Jews to live in villages and to run inns and liquor stills. This ban was very difficult economically. The communities of Galicia, Stanisławów among them, approached the authorities through their leaders Yaakov Landau and Meir Schener, with a request to annul the ban. The government rejected this with the claim that the Jews were not allowed to choose their own leaders without a special permit from the government[26].
On account of the difficulty of the economic situation and the lack of
livelihood, a large scale emigration of the Jews of Stanisławów began at the end
of the 18th century to Moldavia and Wallachia. This became so strong that the
government in Vienna gave instructions to its consulate in Iasi to refuse to
grant consular protection to these émigrés[27]. The main factor that pushed
the Jews to emigration was, according to the view of the government, the
charter of Josef II from March 20, 1785. Indeed, aside from the political
conditions, it imposed a decree to the Jews of Galicia that they must establish
public schools for the Jewish youth. A Jewish public school was established in
1788 in Stanisławów, as happened in other communities. This school was in
accordance with the curriculum of Hertz Homburg, and was acceptable to the
authorities (Jüdische Normalschule).
Text Footnotes:
Translator's Footnotes:
|The first nation to attack the Jewish people after the exodus from Egypt, considered to be the archetype of enemies of the Jews. Return
|[Brzerżany] Return
|The Hebrew word here is suchtianim, with (saffians) included in English characters at the side. On the online Collins Dictionary, this is translated as hides tanned with sumach and usually dyed a bright color. [via Russian and Turkish from Persian sakhtiyan goatskin, from sakht hard] Return
|I am not sure of the meaning of this word. Return
|A Ukrainian Cossack movement from the 17th and 18th centuries. The word originates from the Turkish word for to rob. Return
|The word here is actually 'umanim' craftsmen, which differs in one letter from 'Armanim' Armenians. However, due to the context, I expect that there was a typographical error in the text here, and the intention was Armenians. Return
|Evidently, this is some type of ranking based on income or means. Return
JewishGen, Inc. makes no representations regarding the accuracy of
the translation. The reader may wish to refer to the original material
for verification.
JewishGen is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions in the original work and cannot rewrite or edit the text to correct inaccuracies and/or omissions.
Our mission is to produce a translation of the original work and we cannot verify the accuracy of statements or alter facts cited.
Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine Yizkor Book Project JewishGen Home Page
Copyright © 1999-2019 by JewishGen, Inc.
Updated 7 Feb 2007 by LA


text:
MrBoxOnline is a division of A&M Tape & Packaging
Showroom hours: Monday-Friday 8:30-11:45 AM - 12:30-4:00 PM
Same-Day Shipping
Orders placed before 3pm EST will be shipped same-day via UPS or Fedex.
Get Loyalty Points
Earn 1 point for every dollar spent. Earn even more with referrals and product reviews!
Blog Posts
Free Shipping* for Florida Customers with an order of $750.00 or more.
Certain Conditions apply:
*Free shipping to Commercially Zoned businesses with a $750.00 order.
*No inside delivery
*Ground floor only.
Laptop Shippers: For shipping Laptops, Notebooks, Netbooks
Thousands of customers throughout North America have successfully shipped with our foam shipper. From Fortune 500 to computer manufacturers and repair centers; all of them have found our unique design engineered to accommodate virtually ans size notebook computer.
With our re-design, even the smallest and thinnest notebook can ship with confidence. With our adjustable foam system, custom fitting your computer is quick and easy. Just pull away the foam pieces that and you're ready to ship. We even have an expanded compartment for your power cords and a mouse.
Displaying 1 to 1 (of 1 products)
Result Pages: 1
Adjustable Laptop Notebook Shipper Box
A Division of Florida A&M Tape & Packaging, Inc.
Established 1977
Our Showroom
5201 Nob Hill Road
Sunrise, Florida USA 33351
Monday - Friday
Midwest Branch
Chicago, IL
Phone: 954-572-2500
Toll Free: 800-231-8806
Fax: 954-572-8902
Copyright © 2019 MRBOXonline.com.
All Rights Reserved.
Website development by


text: 'To be able to grow a human is to shrink the ego,' says Erin O'Connor. To celebrate the beauty of the naked pregnant form, and to mark a special life moment, O'Connor asked Nick Knight to photograph her at 8 and 1/2 months. The images, which echo fifties Richard Avedon portraits, are displayed alongside an interview where O'Connor discusses how pregnancy affects her body-image and self-perception.


text:
Education Chapter Courses
Chapter Courses
Instructor Packs for Chapter Courses: Many of you have asked for "Instructor Guides" for the materials that you use to hold education at the chapter level. You asked, and the ASM Education Team has delivered! Here is a list of new instructor packs that include instructor notes, Powerpoints, and, in some courses, videos.
1. Metallurgy for the Non Metallurgist
2. Corrosion
3. Principles of Failure Analysis
4. Basic of Heat Treating
5. Heat Treating Furnaces and Equipment
6. Metallurgy of Steel for the Non Metallurgist
Upgrades to our current Chapter courses: We are currently upgrading and modernizing the look, feel, and accuracy of our current products with new graphics, media, and interactivity. Stay tuned for developments in 2018 where we take the courses you use to the next level!
Please always check in with ASM Education to make sure you have the latest version before teaching.
Please contact our Education Team at 440.338.5414 to get started!


text:
Not yet a member?Register to create your account
Register and Get connected to Mentors and Experts. You will also be able to access all our training material!Register Now
Autism is the kind of issue no one talks about in Lebanon, it is the kind of issue people try to...tags: Autism , Awareness
Nadim Kassar: « This award is a token of our commitment to women's economic...tags: GBA , BLC Bank , Woman Empowerment
Ms. Abir Chebaro is the Advisor to the President of the Council of Ministers on Women's...tags: A Step Towards Equality
Ms. Randa Bahsoun is a Partner in the People & Organization practice, PWC Randa is a...tags: A Step Towards Equality , #GenderGapLebanon
What topics are you more interested in?
What topics are you more interested in?
A Step Towards Equality, Conference by BLC Bank Journey of Success and Leadership: What are the...tags: #GenderGapLebanon
Business leader and academic, Zeina Zeidan, Ph.D. chairs the board of directors at Royal Financials,...tags: A Step Towards Equality , #GenderGapLebanon


text:
Friday, September 20, 2013
Astros considering making changes to Tal's Hill
Jeff Luhnow:
There's marketing and customer experience considerations, but from a baseball operations perspective, do we want to risk having George Springer or Brandon Barnes run up the hill and potentially risk an injury? That's something that's definitely a consideration.
First: We have long been advocates of replacing Tal's Hill with Crane's Canyon, a 40-foot drop at the Warning Track that is also in-play.
Second: This is the first indication that there is a possibility of someone named George Springer playing for the Astros next season.
Our suggestion:
6 comments:
- Stanalv said...
Kudos! Well done!!
- September 20, 2013 at 10:21 AM
- Mike Fast said...
Does that work like a pinball machine where a ball that falls into the canyon gets shot back out onto the field from either the first base or third base dugout?
- September 20, 2013 at 11:32 AM
The injury risk is way overblown. When compared with the alternative, a wall, the hill is probably safer. As stated before, if it was called "Crane's Hill," this would not be an issue. Pure pettiness.
- September 21, 2013 at 12:08 AM
- Teddy said...
How about we replace it with a ball pit filled with little league baseballs, the center fielder would have to rummage through all the balls to find the correct one. If the wrong one is thrown back into play, the hit is automatically ruled an inside the park home run. Problem solved!
- September 21, 2013 at 2:37 PM
- Ryan Dunsmore said...
that picture is filled with so much win.
- September 23, 2013 at 1:55 PM
Shouldn't this be "Purpura's Canyon?"
- September 23, 2013 at 2:17 PM


text:
I never thought I would have occasion to feel sorry for Neil Diamond, but "American Idol" always seems to introduce me to new and uninvited emotions. Tuesday's show, devoted to the songbook of the estimable Tin Pan Alley rocker, did him a great injustice -- and it didn't do much for the tremulous Top Five Idols, either.
Maybe they're still processing the slaying of Carly last week, or perhaps they'd gotten into whatever made Paula render judgment on Jason Castro's second song before he sang it -- but with one exception, the contenders seemed a little, well, glazed.
That exception was Syesha Mercado, who used her lovely sense of calm on the Lionel Richie-esque ballad "Hello Again" (Diamond's song predates Richie's "Hello" by three years, by the way) and delivered the jangly 1967 song "Thank the Lord for the Night Time" as if her mama were Motown royal Martha Reeves.
Syesha's turning out to be as intelligent a performer as David Cook, though it hurts her that her strong spot is where standards meet jazz, since "Idol" generally promotes the idea that pop history begins in the 1980s. To me, Simon's pronouncement that she might be in trouble seemed as loopy as Paula's missteps (the wiggiest judge also called Syesha "Brooke"); but I've also come to accept that, this season especially, America doesn't always vote with its ears.
As least Syesha seemed happy be on stage. David Cook, vocally right on inhabiting Diamond's midcareer persona as the blow-dried PhD of Love, didn't deliver on the emotional front. Eyes mostly closed, body language stolid, he seemed about as excited as a lead singer whose band got the 3 p.m. slot at the KROQ Weenie Roast. I was hoping he'd kick out that crooked grin on "Cherry, Cherry" -- imagine what the ladies in the audience would have done with him singing the line, "You got the way to move me." Show us a little Adam's apple, man!
The other David (Archuleta) let his melisma go crazy on "Sweet Caroline" and then sang "America" -- a great choice not because it's patriotic, but because it's an immigrant anthem, and Archie is, after all, the ethnically mixed face of the New America. But his uplift was predictable. Brooke White bounced around like a cartoon figure during "I'm a Believer," and contrary to what the judges said, was far too mellow on "I Am I Said," one of pop's apexes of inscrutable philosophizing.
As for Jason Castro, after some typical pre-taped giggling about his general ignorance of pop, he set a new bar for timidity, especially during the meditative "September Morn." (In his defense, he had just fallen victim to the madness of Queen Abdul.)
"September Morn" provides as good a means as any to understanding why "Idol" failed with Diamond's material. The song -- co-written by a Frenchman, Gilbert Becaud, whose nickname was "Monsieur 100,000 Volts" -- implicitly ponders the bittersweet mood of a morning after connubial bliss. It shares a title with Beaux Arts academician Paul Chabas' 1912 painting of a nude female bather, a work that became hugely popular in America after being condemned by anti-vice crusader Anthony Comstock.
This complex back story is typical of Diamond's work, which shows a sense of kinship with the past and willingness to ponder life's long haul that's unusual in "Idol"-friendly pop. Some deride the 67-year-old showman's oeuvre as overwrought and obvious, but even his haters must admit that his pronouncements are determinedly adult.
Even Diamond's early hits, like "I'm a Believer," bear the mark of someone who's learned from some long days and hard nights. (That's why Mickey Dolenz, a slightly older and sexier vocalist than Davy Jones, sang lead on the Monkees' version of the song in 1966.) His anthems aren't pugnacious, like early Dylan; they're dignified. His love songs are always sung in the voice of someone who's good in bed.
"Idol" doesn't do adult, not in this sense. Only a few of its top contestants have ever been old enough to appear even remotely seasoned, and since this is a family show, they can't express any kind of sexuality beyond the occasional campy flash of leg.
So it wasn't just the confusing decision to truncate Diamond's songs to fit in two for each singer that made his material seem strangely incomplete. The younger Idols had to fake Diamond's aura of maturity, and the older ones, aiming to please younger voters, have already learned how to rein in such threatening personality traits. Diamond wasn't a great mentor, either, despite seeming like a mensch. Unlike Andrew Lloyd Webber, he's not artistically interested in ingenues.
This inability to fully explore the side of pop that isn't about fun, youth or artistic dress-up is a limitation "Idol" has never overcome. Two seasons ago, it came close with Daughtry, who sounded like a man and had a back story that was both adult and acceptable -- he was married with children, and the strain of the show on these relationships became a subtext of his performances.
This year, the one remaining married contestant, Brooke, (oh, how I miss Carly and Michael!) presents herself as a golden-haired girlie girl, and the most sophisticated singers -- David Cook and Syesha -- haven't been encouraged to show how their talent reflects their life experience. Early on, with Archie's rise, it seemed that a teen Idol would be this year's gift to America.
But then Cook began to rise. I'd like to see him feed his future performances with more of a sense of whatever he's been through. I'd like him to act his age, which isn't that old -- 25 -- but old enough to have done and felt a thing or two. It wouldn't be a bad career decision, either. Chris Daughtry is living proof that the world beyond "Idol" actually still has some interest in grown-ups.


text:
Savory Palmiers
This is the appetizer I ALWAYS bring when I don't have time to make something fancy. It's easy-peasy, and mucho delicioso. . . and looks like I spent days making it instead of minutes.
1 package frozen puff pastry, defrosted
1/4 cup prepared pesto, store bought or homemade (recipe follows)
1/2 cup crumbled goat cheese, such as Montrachet
1/4 cup finely chopped sundried tomatoes in oil, drained
1/4 cup toasted pine nuts
Kosher salt
Lightly flour a board and carefully unfold one sheet of puff pastry. Roll the pastry lightly with a rolling pin until it's 9 1/2 by 11 1/2-inches. Spread the sheet of puff pastry with half the pesto, then sprinkle with half the goat cheese, half the sundried tomatoes, and half the pine nuts. Sprinkle with 1/4 teaspoon salt.
Working from the short ends, fold each end halfway to the center. Then fold each side again towards the center until the folded edges almost touch. Fold one side over the other and press lightly. Place on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper. Repeat the entire instructions for the second sheet of puff pastry using the remaining ingredients. Cover with plastic wrap and chill for at least 45 minutes.
Meanwhile, preheat the oven to 400 degrees F.
Cut the prepared rolls of puff pastry in 1/4 inch thick slices and place them face up 2 inches apart on baking sheets lined with parchment paper. Bake for 14 minutes, until golden brown. Serve warm.
Homemade Pesto:
1/4 cup walnuts
1/4 cup pignolis
3 tablespoons chopped garlic (9 cloves)
5 cups fresh basil leaves, packed
1 teaspoon kosher salt
1 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
1 1/2 cups good olive oil
1 cup freshly grated Parmesan cheese
Place the walnuts, pignolis, and garlic in the bowl of a food processor fitted with a steel blade. Process for 30 seconds. Add the basil leaves, salt, and pepper. With the processor running, slowly pour the olive oil into the bowl through the feed tube and process until the pesto is finely pureed. Add the Parmesan and puree for a minute. Serve, or store the pesto in the refrigerator or freezer with a thin film of olive oil on top.
Yield: 4 cups
Barefoot Contessa


text:
Airbus is targeting early September 2014 as the entry into service date for the A350-900. A350 program chief Didier Evrard says that the company has set that goal on the assumption that the flight-test program and production ramp-up proceed without serious unforeseen events.
Airbus has not specified exactly when the aircraft is to be delivered to its first operator, Qatar Airways, other than to say it is targeting the second half of 2014. The fact that Airbus is now committing to a more concrete date shows that the company is becoming more comfortable with the internal planning and the results of its flight-test program. "It was important to fly rather early to have some flexibility in the program," Evrard says.
The first flight-test aircraft, MSN001, as of today had accumulated 77 flights and 378 flight hours, while MSN003, the second flight-test aircraft, had completed three flights and 25 flight hours. Following the completion of minimum unstick speed tests (VMU, the slowest speed at which the aircraft will still take off), Airbus is preparing for flutter testing with MSN001 and icing tests with natural ice before the end of the year. The exact timing and location largely depends on the weather.
Airbus also is progressing with final assembly of MSN002, the third flight-test aircraft and the first that will have a passenger cabin installed. The company has begun installing some cabin elements such as galleys and flight-crew rest compartments, but that work is ongoing. MSN002 is planned to be ready for painting before the end of the year and final preparations before first flight in February 2014. It is crucial for Airbus to maintain that schedule because the aircraft needs about six months of testing to get the cabin certified. A February first flight would therefore take certification into the August timeframe. Early long flights—simulating long-haul airline operations—are scheduled for spring of next year.
MSN004, which is planned to fly at roughly the same time as MSN002 in February, will have a much shorter lead time because it does not have a complex cabin to be installed and will contain less flight-test instrumentation than MSN001 and MSN003.
MSN005 is to enter final assembly in October and will likely fly in May. It is the second aircraft with a cabin installed, and is the first certification-standard aircraft.
It will be followed by MSN006 in November (set to fly in August 2014), which will be the first aircraft delivered to Qatar Airways.
As Airbus is preparing for the industrial phase of the stretched A350-1000, the company is expanding capacity at its final assembly line in Toulouse. It is adding a third station 50 where the current station 59 is located, and station 59, which is used for sections preparation, will move to the other side of the final assembly line.
Currently, two of the four station 40s are used for wing assembly and two for testing, but once the second part of the final assembly line is completed, all four stations will be used for wing assembly. Further integration and outfitting work is taking place in the four station 30 bays, which are still under construction and will be used from the end of 2014. Airbus has decided to add a fifth station 30 by the end of 2015 to increase capacity.
Evrard says that the set-up will be sufficient for the planned production rate of 10 aircraft per month, and that it also has capacity reserves to go beyond that threshold if market demand is strong enough.
Airbus will be at the production rate of one per month by the end of this year, and a rate of three per month by the end of 2014. Evrard points out that he expects strong demand for the -1000 variant and that Airbus now has the flexibility to mix production between the -900 and the -1000, up to around a 50/50 split. He says the timing for the A350-800, the smallest version in the family, is still "a moving target," but "as long as the airlines show an interest, the aircraft will be done." The -800 has lost more than half of its backlog as Airbus has tried to convert those orders to the larger -900 and -1000. But a small group of airlines is insisting that the -800 version still be produced. The -800 backlog currently stands at 89 aircraft.
Evrard confirms that the -1000 is now "entering the industrial phase of the program," as Airbus has begun supplying data to the tooling manufacturers. The final assembly line is to start by the end of 2015, followed by first flight in the second half of 2016 and entry into service by around mid-2017.
According to Evrard, one of the challenges will be that the aircraft will have to enter a manufacturing flow which will already be "at a very high speed." But he says the effort is worth it, because "there is a good piece of the cake to grab." He argues that the market for aircraft of the A350-1000's size has grown by 29% since the launch of the A350 program, and now will total around 2,100 units over 20 years.


text:
Despite the significant economic pressure they are under, it's all too rare to see a print magazine let go of tradition and embrace a new model. So I was delighted to find that at least one Time Inc. magazine is doing just that.
Stephanie Clifford's article about People StyleWatch in the New York Times last week shows what happens when offline executives adopt a digital mindset. Clifford points to a number of things that Susan Kaufman, People StyleWatch's editor, is doing well, and notes the results: 8.6% circulation growth in the second half of 2009 and 130% growth in ad pages in the first quarter, easily besting a shrinking industry.
Although I wouldn't call it top-tier journalism (does "Find Your Perfect T-Shirt Bra!" really merit an exclamation point?), People StyleWatch replaces an elitist, artistic view of its subject with a pragmatic appreciation of what their audience likes. It's a habit learned online and applied offline.
Here are five lessons from online media that the publication is successfully bringing to print:
- The text is brief. Photo-heavy pages with short captions work. They make for easy scanning, moreover it's a fashion shopping magazine; ultimately readers care more about the products than a writer's description of them. Ironically, although the content is brief, it is resulting in 93 minutes average engagement, with each easily consumable section leading to the next.
- The content is advertiser-friendly. Any web site that is ad-sponsored knows how important it is to create "context" and targeting for advertisers in order to add value and charge higher rates. Shopping is one of those brilliant subject choices where advertising is content and vice-versa. It is analogous to paid search online: because searchers are often looking for businesses, their click throughs and effective CPMs are far above internet average. Moreover, People StyleWatch is open to creating pseudo-editorial sections with featured retailers (such as the recently announced JCPenney partnership).
- They offer exclusive discounts. Consumers love to get a deal, and coupon / discount web services (including the recently hyped group-coupon genre) are very popular with women online. People StyleWatch goes beyond the celebrity watching and fashion trends to become part of their readers' lives, changing the value proposition from just entertainment to a great way to get more for less. In so doing, they are enhancing the reader's experience.
- There is a clear call to action. Most of the products include not only pricing information, but web sites, 800 numbers, and in some cases, text messaging options for buying information. This is beneficial for both readers and advertisers.
- Content costs are low. Some of the most successful online properties such as Facebook, YouTube, and Yelp rely primarily on user-generated content. Successful online publications like The Huffington Post regularly feature guest bloggers. Traditional high-cost content is increasingly difficult to support profitably with advertising given the fragmentation of media consumption in recent years. People StyleWatch features lower cost content, with research consisting of quick calls to publicists or product marketers, and images from paparazzi or retailers rather than expensive celebrity photo shoots.
This is more than just flexing editorial styles to meet the expectations of web-addicted younger readers. The magazine is embracing a new business model with lower costs and more attractive content for advertisers that allows it to grow in an otherwise contracting space. They are hitting on one of the key success factors for Publishing 2.0, namely an adaptive business model. Time Inc. CEO Ann Moore, who has led the People brand for more than a decade in various roles, no doubt is taking notice.
Regardless of your personal opinions of the content, the results – in both readership and profitability – are hard to dispute.


text:
UPDATE: Durable goods orders data are out.
Total orders expanded 3.3% in April after plunging a revised-up 5.9% in March. Economists predicted a smaller, 1.5% rise.
Orders excluding transportation equipment rose 1.3% after contracting a revised down 1.7% in March. Economists predicted only a 0.5% gain.
Nondefense capital goods orders excluding aircraft and parts (a.k.a. "core capex") rose 1.3% after expanding 0.9% in March. There, economists were only expecting a 0.5% gain.


text: Hi. We are Rui and Liliana. We live in Europe and are webcam models. We love to spend good moments of pleasure with our admirers, friends or just those who are passing! We invite everyone to come and have some fun and relax. kisses and hugs and be happy !! http://girlsincams.com


text:
Yesterday I Was Only 17 2Favorites [+]
Pay-Per-Minute Viewing
You can now enjoy this movie on your iPhone®, iPad®, or compatible Smart TV & Android devices.
Purchase Options
Pay-Per-MinutePurchase Minutes
Streaming Rentals
Available MP4 sizes:SD 480p (1.31 GB)
HD 720p (2.45 GB)
HD 1080p (3.62 GB)
DRM-free downloads offer content that is not limited by standard Digital Rights Management (DRM) access technologies. These technologies allow hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders and individuals to limit the usage of digital content.
When you purchase DRM-free downloadable content, that content is available for you to download on any computer and save to a disk whenever you like. You can also download to multiple computers. There is no timeframe associated with your purchase and the content will not expire.
Running Time: 83 minutes
Studio Name: TeenX
Series: Yesterday I Was Only 17
Categories: Euro Small Tits Teen All Sex High Definition
Description: Yesterday I was 17, Today I come to Fuck.
4 Scenes from Yesterday I Was Only 17 2
Yesterday I Was Only 17 2: Scene 1 Free Preview
Starring: Kathy Seeger ... More Details
Stars: Kathy Seeger
Sex Acts: Handjob, Masturbation, Breast Play
Yesterday I Was Only 17 2: Scene 2 Free Preview
Sex Acts: Oral Sex, Vaginal Sex
Positions: Cowgirl, Kneeling, Laying, Missionary, Reverse Cowgirl, Side Saddle
Yesterday I Was Only 17 2: Scene 3 Free Preview
Sex Acts: Oral Sex, Creampie, Masturbation, Stripping, Vaginal Sex
Positions: Doggy Style, Laying, Side Saddle, Standing
Settings: Massage Parlor
Yesterday I Was Only 17 2: Scene 4 Free Preview
Positions: Doggy Style, Laying, Missionary, Side Saddle, Sitting, Standing
Recommended Movies


text:
Career Fair brings together students, residents and employers May 17
Career Fair brings together students, residents and employers May 17
UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. -- Pennsylvania's improving job market is reflected in its unemployment rate, now 7.2 percent in central Pennsylvania, as more companies ramp up hiring.
Central Pennsylvania residents who want to learn about job opportunities in this region are invited to attend the sixth annual Central Pennsylvania Regional Career Fair from 2 to 5 p.m. Friday, May 17, at The Penn Stater Conference Center Hotel in Innovation Park. More than 65 employers will be at the event.
"This venue developed out of the desire to help current Penn State students and adult learners who want to live and work in the area, bringing talented professionals together with reputable, solid local employers who offer good job opportunities," said Penn State Career Counselor Liz Lasher.
New this year: A new military resource center will allow attendees to speak with military personnel about different individual and family benefits service members are eligible to receive. Penn State admissions counselors who specialize in working with military students will also be there to answer questions.
Lasher offers these tips for preparing for the fair:
- Visit the Career Fair website at http://careerfairs.psu.edu/CentralPA/ regularly to review the list of participating employers in the "Job Seekers" section, which will be updated daily.
- Know what your skill set is and tailor your résumé to highlight the characteristics for that job.
- Bring multiple copies of your résumé and come dressed as if you are showing up for a professional interview.
Penn State adult learner Alan Carothers plans to follow these tips. After being laid off in 2010, Carothers decided to continue his education part time through Penn State's World Campus while working full time. Set to graduate in August with a master's degree in supply chain management, Carothers has "made a list of employers to talk to. I'm looking forward to getting face-time with representatives from companies I'm interested in and establishing specific contacts."
To learn more about the Career Fair, watch a video at http://tinyurl.com/CareerFair-stand-out-and-shine.
More information about the Career Fair also is available at http://careerfairs.psu.edu/CentralPA/.


text:
In order to continue delivering highly qualitative and innovative game plays we are looking for an
UI Artist (f/m)
This position will be located at Ubisoft Blue Byte, Düsseldorf (Germany).
Your tasks:
- - Design and create modern, high quality interface solutions for game productions
- Work with the art director, designers and accessibility specialists to create screen layouts and 2D assets and artworks for production
- Ensure that all UI elements and 2D assets stay within the limits of gameplay requirements and engine limitations
- Ensure a very high usability and readability on all designs on every platform and resolution
- Close collaboration with the art director to work within the visual style of the game
- Ensure that all UI elements and 2D artworks are suitable for production needs of other departments
- - Minimum of 2 year experience in the video game industry and a deep knowledge of user interface workflows
- Very strong skills in Photoshop, Flash, Illustrator and After Effects
- A keen eye for composition, color, lighting and mood
- Very good traditional and digital illustration skills
- A good sense for modern, state of the art layout and design
- Very good sense for motion design, preferably good 2D animation skills
- Understanding of 2D production work flows and tools with the ability to modify and improve them
- Forward thinker and anticipate the needs of the project
- Able to adapt to the current projects art style and work within those limitations
- Be enthusiastic and expect to take on challenges
- High degree of self-motivation and initiative
- - Experience with Unity 5, NGUI, Flash and/or scaleform
- Scripting knowledge
- Compositing skills
- AAA game experience
- Experience developing for mobile platforms
- Experience in working with 3D software
- Passionate about games
All portfolios must contain a detailed breakdown of the work done. It must be very clear what you, the applicant, were responsible for in your reel, screenshots, scanned pictures, web page portfolio, etc.
We offer a highly interesting challenge as a team player including the possibility to show personal initiative and to work in an innovative and international company.
If you have fun working in the Game industry, please apply via our career portal (http://bluebyte.ubi.com/en/career/jobs/).
Applications should include the earliest starting date and your salary expectation.
For further information please check www.bluebyte.de and www.ubisoft.com
Blue Byte GmbH
Human Resources
Adlerstraße 74
40211 Düsseldorf


text:
FORT WORTH, Texas --- The 20th Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II was delivered today to Eglin Air Force Base, Fla., to support F-35 pilot and maintainer training taking place on the Emerald Coast. BF-15, piloted by U.S. Marine Corps Maj. Mike Rountree, left Naval Air Station Fort Worth Joint Reserve Base at 10:39 a.m. CDT en route for a 90 minute ferry flight to Eglin.
The F-35B short takeoff/vertical landing (STOVL) jet is the fourteenth F-35 to ferry there this year. BF-15 is now assigned to the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing's Marine Fighter/Attack Training Squadron 501 with the host 33d Fighter Wing.
Headquartered in Bethesda, Md., Lockheed Martin is a global security and aerospace company that employs about 120,000 people worldwide and is principally engaged in the research, design, development, manufacture, integration and sustainment of advanced technology systems, products and services. The corporation's net sales for 2011 were $46.5 billion.


text:
Getting a college education is one of the most important investments you'll make in your life. But with the increasingly high costs of tuition, figuring out how to pay for your education can be discouraging -- or just downright scary.
Along with aid from the U.S. federal government, you'll want to check out the variety of grant and loan repayment programs available from the state of Arizona, and awarded through the schools.
Tribal Higher Education Grant
The Bureau of Indian Affairs, whose Western Regional office is located in Phoenix, has a federal grant program available to students who are at least one-quarter American Indian, who are pursuing a degree at an accredited school, and who show financial need. Applications for this grant are available through the education office of the Tribe in which you are affiliated.
Leveraging Education Assistance Partnership (LEAP)
The LEAP program offers a maximum grant of $2,500 (though average is $700) to Arizona students with financial need. Approximately $3.4 million went to Arizonans in 2005-06. LEAP monies are offered through the schools.
Special Leveraging Educational Assistance Partnership (SLEAP)
The SLEAP program assists Arizona sophomores, juniors, or seniors who are majoring in science, technology, engineering, math, or education, and who show financial need. The maximum award is $2,000. You must be attending school at leats half-time, and you should be pursuing either an associate or bachelor's degree.
Arizona Private Postsecondary Education Student Financial Assistance (PFAP)
Arizona's PFAP program offers a maximum of $3,000 over 3 years (or up to $1,500 per fiscal year) to eligible Arizona community college graduates who are enrolled full-time in a baccalaureate degree program at a private school, and who show financial need. Approximately $153,000 went to Arizonans in 2005-06.
Postsecondary Education Grant (PEG) Program
The Postsecondary Education Grant is a non-need based grant offering up to $2,000 per year for up to 4 years for students pursuing a bachelor's degree at a private school in Arizona.. The grant can be used for tuition, books and fees.
All students should apply for the above aid by completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, more commonly known as the FAFSA. Most schools have their own financial aid applications in addition to the FAFSA. It's a good idea to check with a school's financial aid department about specific procedures and deadlines, as they vary.
State aid is of course only part of the package. Learn more about applying for federal aid and scholarships in Arizona.


text:
Facing is adjustable (3/4" thick). Extra top facing filler also provided.
Marble Color options for this mantel include: White Limestone Honed (see below)Shipping Info: Ships in 2-4 Days. Delivers in 7-10 Days. Don't see the size or size you need? Call us for custom quotes, availability and lead times. 888.493.8898


text:
Canada Goose to grace 2001-2002 Waterfowl Stamp
A single Canada Goose floating on the water will appear on the 2001-2002 Oklahoma Waterfowl Stamp.
The 2001-2002 Oklahoma Waterfowl Stamp competition was held Dec. 7, at the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation's central office in Oklahoma City. Daniel Brevick, of Chatfield, MN, painted the winning goose print.
"The duck stamp program provides valuable funding," said David Warren, chief of information and education for the Department. "We have lost more than three-quarters of our wetland habitat in Oklahoma. This program gives us the ability to reverse this trend by funding wetland restoration and creation."
Funds generated from the sale of Oklahoma waterfowl stamps go toward a number of habitat related projects, including purchasing, restoring and creating wetlands. These projects benefit ducks, geese and other wildlife throughout the state.
Three honorable mentions were named in the 2001-2002 contest as well. They were Jeffrey Klinefelter of Etna Green, IN, Dick Benson of Washington Court House, OH and Mark Anderson of Sioux Falls, SD.
Hunters encouraged to help solve depredation
Wheat farmers experiencing goose depredation are encouraged to enlist the help of responsible hunters, according to personnel with the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation.
"Hunters are usually the best, most economical deterrent for keeping geese from staying on a field," said Mike O'Meilia, migratory bird biologist for the Wildlife Department. "With most wheat just now sprouting and beginning to develop, we're concerned that we could experience an increase in crop depredation this winter."
O'Meilia said that the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Wildlife Services Division (405/521-4040) could provide technical advice on migratory goose depredation. John Steuber, Wildlife Services director, reiterated that landowners experiencing goose problems should enlist the assistance of hunters to help alleviate goose depredation on wheat fields. The Department of Agriculture's website URL is http://www.state.ok.us/~okag/wildlife/wildlife.html.
"Migratory Canada goose populations are at an all-time high," Steuber said. "Hunting is an effective deterrent. We also encourage landowners to try a variety of dispersal techniques since geese can become accustomed to any single technique.
Proven goose dispersal techniques include:
Installing scaring devices in fields experiencing problems. Large helium-filled balloons, scarecrows, t-posts and flagging, Mylar flags and shell crackers are all options for scaring geese. Something as simple as parking a vehicle, or scattering barrels in the field may be initially effective.
To be most effective, visual deterrents (such as t-posts with flagging) and all other scarecrow-type deterrents should be combined with some sort of actual harassment such as shooting, shell crackers, propane cannons, etc.
Chasing geese off the field using a vehicle or dog. This is most effective when the birds are chased as soon as they land.
Hazing, or harassing, geese with a firearm can be a viable option, but landowners should attempt to contact their local warden and let them know they have a problem before undertaking this tactic. Additionally, if the landowner shoots at the geese to kill them, state and federal waterfowl hunting regulations apply, and in all cases, shooting on, from or across a public road is unlawful.
"The number one thing to remember is that no matter what technique is used, it is most effective when it is undertaken as soon as the geese begin using a particular field, not two or three weeks after they have become accustomed to feeding in it," said O'Meilia. "If you can prevent them from establishing a pattern of using a particular field, you can prevent them from becoming a problem."
Hunters interested in current goose hunting information, including bi-weekly population counts, regulation information and more, should log on to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife's website - www.wildlifedepartment.com. They can also pick up a copy of the current Oklahoma Waterfowl Hunting Guide and Regulations, available at sporting goods stores throughout the state.
Christmas Gifts for the Outdoor Enthusiast
If you're struggling to find that perfect gift or stocking stuffer for the outdoor enthusiast in your family, you need to check out the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation's Outdoor Store.
"The Department's Outdoor Store has something for every hunter, angler and wildlife viewer in your family," said Nels Rodefeld, information and education assistant chief for the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. "There are several items that will make great gifts and stocking stuffers for the outdoor enthusiast. My personal favorite is a one-year subscription to the Department's official magazine, Outdoor Oklahoma."
Hunting atlases, caps, bird houses, bat houses and bird identification booklets are just a few of the other items found at the Outdoor Store. The Outdoor Store is found on the Department web site www.wildlifedepartment.com. Pictures and a detailed description of each item are included.
A simple mouse click will download an order form. Simply fill it out and mail it in and your shopping is complete. Outdoor Store items are also available at the Department's Oklahoma City and Tulsa offices.
Resident lifetime hunting and fishing licenses also make a great gift for the hunter and angler. A resident lifetime hunting license costs $400, fishing $150 or a combination can be purchased for $525. Applications for these licenses are available at Department installations and some license dealers. Proof of residency is required and must be verified by a Department employee. Those planning to purchase a lifetime license as a gift should call 405/521-3852 regarding documents accepted for residency verification.
Donations fund trout area improvements
Thanks to several monetary donations, the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation recently began work on two important projects at the lower Illinois and lower Mountain Fork trout areas.
At the lower Illinois River, the Department is constructing a handicapped accessible fishing dock at the dam site that will provide excellent access for anyone wanting to fish the swirling waters below Tenkiller. Traditionally one of the most productive trout fishing locations on the lower Illinois, the dam site has had bank fishing access, but the new dock will greatly improve fishing opportunities for trout enthusiasts.
The Oklahoma Chapter of Trout Unlimited in Tulsa donated $625 for constructing a handicapped access walkway leading to the fishing dock, which anglers are already using to catch trout.
"We need to recognize Corps of Engineers personnel with the Tenkiller Project Office because only through their help, and more importantly, funding assistance, can anglers now enjoy this great access point," said Hutchie Weeks, northeast region fisheries supervisor for the Wildlife Department.
The lower Mountain Fork trout stream also is benefiting from Trout Unlimited (the 89er Chapter in Oklahoma City). Department personnel, through a $500 donation for habitat improvement, have constructed and installed a series of 30 "half-logs" in the river. The structures resemble wooden benches with rocks placed around them providing additional cover, stability and to blend the structures with the surrounding landscape. Although the structures, which trout use for cover, have only been in the river for a few weeks, biologists have already seen fish in and around them.
"Both projects were made possible by anglers," said Kim Erickson, fisheries chief for the Wildlife Department. "In addition to the direct donations we received, the Department also matched those donations on a three to one basis with Sport Fish Restoration funds. These funds also come from fishermen through their purchase of fishing tackle and motorboat fuels."
Under the Sport Fish and Wildlife Restoration programs, hunters and anglers pay a special federal tax, about 10 percent, and the funds raised are distributed to the various state fish and wildlife agencies. This year, Oklahoma received approximately $4.7 million in Sport Fish funds and approximately $3.8 million in Wildlife Restoration funds. The funds are used for a variety of fish and wildlife habitat improvement and hunting and fishing access projects.
Improved process aimed at rule changes
A new public hearing process aimed at improving communication between the Wildlife Department and anglers regarding proposed rule changes will be unveiled Jan. 8 and 9 at seven meetings across the state.
Under the new process, each meeting begins with fisheries biologists explaining each of the proposed rule changes, along with reasons for the proposals. Applicable biological and social survey data relating to the proposed changes also will be explained at this time. As each proposal is being discussed, those attending the meeting will have the opportunity to ask fisheries personnel questions about the changes or the reasoning behind the proposals.
Once the discussion has concluded, the public meeting will be adjourned and a formal "hearing" will be called to order. At this point, anyone wanting to make formal comments - either for or against - any of the proposed changes may do so. Comments made at all of the seven individual meetings will be compiled into a master list, and this will then be presented to the Oklahoma Wildlife Conservation Commission when Department personnel ask the Commission to adopt as proposed, or modify based on public input, the fisheries rule changes for 2002.
"This will be a dramatic improvement in the process because the pre-hearing meeting will allow us to explain what we're proposing and why we're proposing it," said Barry Bolton, assistant Fisheries chief for the Wildlife Department. "In addition, anglers will also be able to better express their desires because they'll be able to state the reasons why they favor or oppose the proposals, rather than just whether or not they favor the changes."
Bolton said the Department had been considering the new format because the agency wanted to be more responsive to its constituents, but changing a system that has been in place for many years sometimes takes time.
"We wanted to make sure we were going to implement something that was in the best interest of the public," he said, "something that gave us a real opportunity to solicit public input."
Meetings to discuss fisheries regulation change proposals will be held in Oklahoma City, Ponca City and Woodward on Jan. 8, and in Broken Bow, Tulsa, Ft. Cobb and Muskogee on Jan 9. Those who are unable to attend one of the meetings and wish to comment on the proposals may do so in writing on or before January 12, 2001, by mailing them to: The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, 1801 N. Lincoln, Room 219, Oklahoma City, OK, 73105.
Many of the proposals relate to the implementation of a joint agreement between the city of Oklahoma City and the Wildlife Department, whereby the Department will assume the responsibility for enforcement of fishing regulations on city owned waters such as Lakes Hefner, Overholser and Draper. The proposed agreement, which is currently under review and not yet approved by the city, is designed to expand and improve fishing opportunities in the greater Oklahoma City metro area.
Other proposed changes include:
lowering the walleye/saugeye size limit at Ft. Cobb Reservoir to a 14-inch minimum size limit with no change in bag limit;
changing the 13- to 16-inch slot length limit on black bass at Pine Creek Reservoir to a 14-inch minimum size limit, except no size limit will apply to spotted bass;
changing the 20-inch minimum size limit; one (1) per day bag limit on rainbow trout in the Mountain Fork River from the re-regulation dam downstream to Highway 70 to six (6) per day bag limit; no size limit. The one-fish, 20-inch minimum size limit would, however, remain in effect for brown trout;
establishing rules pertaining to possession and/or importation of restricted noxious aquatic plants and/or their seeds, stems or parts; and
housekeeping provisions regarding the number of rods anglers can fish with, and safety zones near Department-owned facilities. FISHERIES DIVISION PUBLIC HEARING SCHEDULE Time: 6:30 p.m. Place: Oklahoma City - Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, 1801 N. Lincoln Blvd. Ponca City - Hutchins Memorial, Fifth St. and Overbrook Time: 7:00 p.m. Place: Woodward - Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation Regional Office, 3014 Lakeview Date: January 9, 2001Time: 6:30 p.m. Place: Broken Bow - Broken Bow Public Library, 404 N. Broadway Time: 7:00 p.m. Place: Tulsa - Zebco Cafeteria, 601 E. apache Fort Cobb - Caddo-Kiowa County Vo-Tech, Career Tech Road, N. Seventh St. Muskogee - Muskogee Public Library, 801 W. Okmulgee.
Public to hear proposed wildlife rule changes
In addition to several January meetings scheduled to discuss specific proposals that address deer management, officials with the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (ODWC) will discuss a broad range of other wildlife proposals January 16. Most of the measures deal with rule changes governing Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs).
A new public hearing process aimed at improving communication between the Wildlife Department and hunters regarding proposed rule changes will be used at the meeting. Under the new process, the meeting will begin with wildlife biologists explaining each of the proposed rule changes, along with reasons for the proposals.
Applicable biological and social survey data relating to the proposed changes also will be explained at this time. As each proposal is being discussed, those attending the meeting will have the opportunity to ask Department personnel questions about the changes or the reasoning behind the proposals.
Once the discussion has concluded, the public meeting will be adjourned and a formal "hearing" will be called to order. At this point, anyone wanting to make formal comments - either for or against - on any of the proposed changes may do so. Comments made at the meeting will be presented to the Oklahoma Wildlife Conservation Commission when Department personnel ask the Commission to adopt the rule changes.
According to Bill Dinkines, assistant wildlife division chief for the Department, most of the rules are "house-cleaning" type measures or rules that will increase hunting opportunities.
"Within the Title 800 Wildlife Code, we occasionally have language that is redundant and needs clarification, or, we have rules that are no longer warranted. In order to change those rules, however we are first required to hold public meetings to get input from constituents," Dinkines said. "Within the upcoming public meeting, we have several of these proposals such as one that would clarify how Wetland Development Units are defined on some WMAs."
Among other proposals for the upcoming hearing is one measure to establish a waterfowl refuge portion on the Hackberry Flat WMA, and another to allow hunting within an area of Ft. Cobb WMA that had previously been closed. Once home to enormous flocks of crows, the Crow Roost portion of Ft. Cobb WMA was closed to hunting. However since the 1980s, the crows have dispersed and no longer roost in that specific area.
The meeting will also include various rule changes on 16 different WMAs as well as proposals dealing with elk, antelope, and the Department's controlled hunts program. The public hearing begins at 7:00 p.m. at the ODWC Auditorium 1801 N. Lincoln in Oklahoma City.
Special youth deer hunts offered
The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation is hosting several youth controlled deer hunt opportunities the weekend of January 27 and 28. Approximately 50 antlerless permits will be available for youngsters aged 14 and under provided they have completed hunter education requirements.
The one-and-a-half day hunts are being held on four different private ranches located in Alfalfa, Dewey, Ellis and Woods counties. The youth, along with their non-hunting adult partner, are required to attend a pre-hunt briefing on January 27 at 7:00 a.m. at sites to be determined. The hunt will then begin Saturday afternoon and will continue all day Sunday, January 28. According to Wade Free, Wildlife Division northwest region supervisor, participants should have very good opportunities to harvest an antlerless deer.
"These hunts are all taking place on private ranches with an abundance of antlerless deer," said Free. "With western Oklahoma's wide-open terrain, all the youth hunters can expect to see good numbers of deer, and should have a good opportunity to take home a doe."
To apply for this hunt, applicants must send a 4x6 index card titled, "NW Youth Deer Hunts." The card should include the hunter's name and date of birth, mailing address, telephone number, and hunter education certification number. Also, include the name of the non-hunting partner. Applications must be received at Department of Wildlife headquarters no later than 4:00 p.m., Jan. 12. The drawing will take place on Monday, Jan. 15, at which time successful applicants will be notified by phone.
If selected for the hunt, youth must possess a $14.75 Resident Youth Deer Gun permit unless they possess a Resident Lifetime Hunting or Resident Lifetime Combination License. The youth's non-hunting adult partner, however, will not be required to possess an Oklahoma hunting license or deer permit. Participants must also pay a $7 controlled hunt fee at the pre-hunt briefing. In addition, the youth's proof of age and hunter safety certification are also required at check-in.
Any antlerless deer harvested during the controlled hunt will be considered "bonus" deer and will not count against the youth's yearly combined limit.
Applications for the NW Youth Deer Hunts should be sent to Attn. Wildlife Division/NW Youth Deer Hunts, Oklahoma Dept. of Wildlife Conservation, 1801 N. Lincoln, Oklahoma City, OK 73105. For additional information concerning drawing details, contact wildlife division at 405/521-2739.
Be a winter bird survey researcher
The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation's Wildlife Diversity Program will be holding its annual winter bird survey in January. Amateur and experienced bird watchers are asked to help with this important survey. "This survey has been conducted since 1987," said Julian Hilliard, information specialist with the Department's Natural Resources Section. "It contributes to the Department's expanding database of winter bird information including bird preferences for different types of habitats, seeds, and feeders. Not only is this on-going project beneficial to us, but it allows bird-watchers to use the skills they've learned to help take part in some exciting biological research."
To participate in the simple survey, pick two consecutive days within the four-day period of January 11-14, 2001, and as accurately as is reasonable, count the birds that visit your feeders. Record the greatest number of birds seen together at any one time. While several groups of the same species of bird may appear numerous times over the two days, record only the greatest number seen together concurrently.
Record observations on the official Winter Bird Feeder Survey form. Mail the completed survey to the address on the bottom of the form. All forms must be mailed in no later than Feb. 9, 2001, to be counted. Instant electronic submissions are also possible under the Watchable Wildlife Opportunities link on the Department's website: www.wildlifedepartment.com. "The survey is easy but it is vital that it is done correctly or we can not use the data," Hilliard added. "Please, do not record any bird species you aren't sure you can correctly identify. Estimates don't help us either, so please do not record 'a lot' or 'a few', but instead try to make an accurate count of the number of birds."
The survey results will be printed in Outdoor Oklahoma and in the Wildlife Diversity Program's newsletter, Watchable Wildlife News. Results will also be posted on the Department's website. The information will include the species and numbers of each species observed, the areas of the state they were observed in and the most effective method for attracting those species. More information regarding the Winter Bird Survey or the Wildlife Diversity Program is available by calling the Natural Resources Section of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation at (405) 521-4616.
Oklahoma Winter Bald Eagle Events
Every winter, hundreds of bald eagles make their way to Oklahoma to feast on fish from our many lakes. Not only are bald eagles our national symbol, these magnificent birds represent one of America's greatest conservation success stories. Bald eagle populations have increased steadily over the past 40 years from 425 to around 5,700 breeding pairs in the lower 48 states. One important group, the Sutton Avian Research Center (SARC) in Bartlesville has been instrumental in restoring bald eagles. As part of their recent captive-breeding program SARC has released a total of 275 bald eagles in the Southeast U.S.
According to Julian Hilliard, natural resources specialist with the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, the number of eagle viewing tours has grown in recent years.
"Several tours are conducted by state park personnel and others who not only help eagle watchers find eagles soaring and fishing around Oklahoma lakes, but also help folks understand the ecology and habits of these raptors," Hilliard said.
Most eagle tours are offered free or for a nominal charge. Eagle watchers are encouraged to bring binoculars and dress warmly.
Call the ODWC's Natural Resources Section at (405) 521-4616 for more information, or log on to the Department's website at wildlifedepartment.com.


text: Hi guys, recently I have removed from my server (Debian 6.0 with ISPConfig 3) squirrel mail and install in /var/www/webmail another webmail client (Roundcube). Everything works perfectly but when I tried to do redirects for /webmail for all domains on my server I am getting ERROR 403 - Forbidden! I can't open page at all. I made .conf file for redirect in /etc/apache2/conf.d/ Till now I have used this method for a long time and it was working good, but now with ISPConfig3 it can't work. Also tried to change chmod of folder to www-data but it also can't work. M I missing something or? What could be the problem? p.s. For setup of server I was using - Perfect server Debian...bla bla bla from howtoforge.