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Strongest biological material
Last updated: December 10, 2017 at 5:29 am
Limpet teeth – The radula (tongue) of a limpet is covered in tiny teeth (less than 1 mm) that are made of a mineral-protein composite up to five times stronger than spider silk, and most man-made materials. The teeth actually excavate rock as the limpet feeds.
Asa H. Barber, Dun Lu, Nicola M. Pugno. Extreme strength observed in limpet teeth. Royal Society journal Interface, 2015 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.1326
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Deepest submersible dive [Solo | Men]
By Jeffrey Gallant / Apr 19, 2017
10,928 m (35,853 ft) — Victor Vescovo aboard the Limiting Factor (Triton 36000/2 model submersible) | April 28, 2019 | Challenger Deep [...]Read More
Deepest submersible dive [Ocean]
By Jeffrey Gallant / Apr 19, 2017
10,928 m (35,853 ft) — Victor Vescovo aboard the Limiting Factor (Triton 36000/2 model submersible) | April 28, 2019 | Challenger Deep [...]Read More
Deepest point in Earth's oceans
By Jeffrey Gallant / May 23, 2017
10,994 m (36,070 ft) — The Challenger Deep, located in the Mariana Trench, 250 miles (400 km) southwest of Guam in the Pacific Ocean, is the deepest [...]Read More
Saltiest body of water
By Jeffrey Gallant / May 25, 2017
433 parts per thousand (ppt, ‰) — Gaet'ale Pond, Ethiopia. It is approximately 12 times saltier than sea water (35 ppt), and its temperature is 60°C (140°F). The water is saturated with salts [...]Read More
Most sensitive tooth
By Jeffrey Gallant / May 20, 2017
The narwhal's (Monodon monoceros) single spiral tusk is really an overgrown tooth. It has recently been discovered that there are up to 10 million nerves extending from [...]Read More
Under ice [Constant weight]
By Jeffrey Gallant / Apr 6, 2017
75.2 m (246.72 ft) — Ant Williams (New Zealand), Storskog Lake, Sør-Varanger, Norway, March 29, 2019. Total dive time: 2 min 40 sec. [...]Read More
Deepest diving tank (and deepest pool)
By Jeffrey Gallant / May 25, 2017
42 m (137 ft) — Y-40 located at the Hotel Terme Millepini, in Italy. Volume: 4,300,000 litres (1,135,939 gallons) of chemical-free thermal water kept at a [...]Read More
Largest sea urchin
By Jeffrey Gallant / May 18, 2017
Sperosoma giganteum — Test diameter of 38 cm (15 in) (Test: Urchin body without spines). Diadema setosum has a smaller test (10 cm / 4 in) but its spines are the longest measuring [...]Read More
Longest beaver dam
By Jeffrey Gallant / May 19, 2017
850 m (2,790 ft) — The world's longest known beaver dam was discovered in Wood Buffalo National Park (Alberta, Canada) on October 2, 2007. Satellite photos from the 1990s and [...]Read More
Under ice [Variable weight]
By Jeffrey Gallant / Apr 6, 2017
70 m (230 ft) - Éric Charrier (France), Lake Témiscouata, Québec, Canada, March 28, 1997. Charrier used a ballast weight and a balloon on [...]Read More
Deepest dive under ice [Freshwater]
By Jeffrey Gallant / Apr 4, 2017
132 m (434 ft) — Kevin Brown (Canada) dove to the record depth under landfast ice during an exploratory dive of Lake Mazinaw, the second- [...]Read More
World's deepest fish?
By Jeffrey Gallant / May 29, 2018
Depending on where you get your information, the Mariana snailfish, a.k.a. Swire's snailfish, is not the world's deepest fish nor is there a depth limit beyond which fish can live [...]Read More
Jeffrey Gallant is the Editor-in-Chief and Records Keeper of the Diving Almanac. He is also a contributing editor of DIVER Magazine, and the scientific director of the Greenland Shark and Elasmobranch Education and Research Group (GEERG). Jeffrey started diving in 1982.


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Auzentech X-Meridian 7.1 sound card
At last, a real rival for Creative's X-Fi?
Review The vast majority of modern motherboards have integrated HD audio, and if you do fancy an sonic upgrade, most likely for gaming, the obvious candidate is a Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi. So where the heck does Auzentech hope its X-Meridian 7.1 sound card will fit in?
Integrated HD audio is fairly impressive and while the exact specification will vary from one motherboard to another you can expect to get mini jack support for 5.1 or 7.1 surround sound speakers. You may also get some sort of digital S/PDIF output. Taking the Intel D975XBX2 motherboard as an example - as we happen to have one on the test bench - there are five mini jacks plus coaxial and optical digital outputs.
Intel backs up the SigmaTel 9274D HD audio chip with its own Audio Studio 2.0 software, which is a model of clarity and design that will help you set up your speakers and select ambient settings to enhance your music or game play. You also get one of those handy pictorial guides that help the bewildered check which of the many, many cables they've just plugged into the back of their PC are in the correct port.
What you don't get with integrated HD audio is EAX environmental audio so while you'll hear the thud of your enemy's boots behind you, you won't be clear whether they are walking on a steel floor or rock. And you'll miss the nuances when characters in games move around in a room as the sound won't reflect off the walls correctly.
Gamers, then, will certainly benefit from an upgrade to a decent sound card, but as I say, the vast majority will undoubtedly opt for some sort of Creative SoundBlaster.
The case for a sound card for other applications isn't so clear cut. A few years ago it was easy to tell the difference between basic AC'97 integrated audio and a Terratec DMX 6fire 24/96, Videologic Sonic Xplosion, M-Audio Revolution 7.1 or a SoundBlaster Live! A dedicated sound card had far more punch and precision, as well as a better range of connectors. Integrating HD audio, however, has changed all that.
For example, I plugged an Audigy 2 ZS into the Intel D975XBX2 and was unable to hear any difference when I played music or watched a movie. What is different is the stack of software that Creative bundled with its sound cards which is a whopping great pile of bloatware. It's taken Creative many years to come up with some decent software and I reckon only now has it come up to the standard of Intel Audio Studio 2.0 software. That said, the Creative mixer and mode switcher are very good indeed.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sophomore Christian Francia
Final Stats
NORTH DARTMOUTH, MA-The University of Massachusetts Dartmouth's swimming team fell to visiting Worcester Polytechnic Institute in a dual meet at the Tripp Athletic Center Thursday evening. The WPI women won, 134-103, and the Engineer men won, 132-83.
For the women, winners included senior Kim Moore (Billerica, MA/Billerica HS), who won the 1000 yard freestyle in 11:13.77, sophomore Morgan Cooper (Sunderland, MA/Frontier Regional HS), who took both the 200 yard freestyle in 2:03.63 and the 100 yard breaststroke in 1:13.80, and senior Meredith Maki (Holden, MA/Wachusett Regional HS), who won the 200 yard individual medley in 2:23.90 and the 500 yard freestyle in 5:40.71.
Men's winners included freshman Eddie Olean (Seekonk, MA/Seekonk HS), who won the 200 yard freestyle in 1:49.85, freshman Michael Gryss (New Bedford, MA/New Bedford HS), who took the 100 yard breaststroke in 1:09.00, and sophomore Christian Francia (Hampton, NH/Winnacunnet HS) , who won both the one meter diving (270 points) and three meter diving (264.95).
"We had a great meet tonight even with the losses," said UMass Dartmouth Head Coach Cathy Motta. "We are extremely tired heading into our last day of double sessions tomorrow. At least 50 per cent of our team posted seasonal best times. It's very exciting to see them all swimming this fast while experiencing this much fatigue."
UMass Dartmouth's women are now 3-6, while the UMD men are 2-4-1. The WPI women are now 4-2, while the men are now 2-5.
The Corsairs will return to action when they host Plymouth State Saturday, while the Engineers will visit Wheaton Saturday.


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A tetrathlon is a variant of the modern pentathlon, the difference being there is no fencing. It comprises of four disciplines, shooting, swimming, riding and running.
Tetrathlon was conducted at the 2013 Pony Club National Championships as a demonstration event and due to its popularity was incuded for the 2015 National Championships. Tetrathlon is a well established discipline in Western Australia and has a huge following especially amongst boys. Victoria is encouraging the growth of this sport. For more information contact PCAV head office on 8685 8925 or firstname.lastname@example.com


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Jordan Manley
Jordan Manley is commercial and editorial mountain adventure photographer, based in North Vancouver, BC. As a senior photographer for Bike and Powder magazines, he has travelled from the Arctic to Antarctica capturing people who live, work, and play in the mountains. Along with Arcteryx ski athlete Chad Sayers, Jordan produces "A Skier's Journey" - a web-based series that brings viewers colourful dispatches from exotic and off the beaten path ski locations around the globe.
Follow Jordan:


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For two decades, calaveras have been dancing their way through the South Valley in honor of the dead. Make no mistake: This isn't gory Halloween. Instead, the tradition is often satirical, political and comedic. "We want the public to laugh and perhaps cry but never abhor," write the organizers. I've seen the Dia de los Muertos festivities grow over the last few years. But this still feels like the neighborhood party it's meant to be. The parade starts around 2 p.m. at the Bernalillo Sheriff's substation (Centro Familiar and Isleta) and then makes its way to the Westside Community Center, where there will be altars, food, music and art. Break out your Sunday best, don your most beautiful calavera paint, pluck a marigold and celebrate your loved ones who've passed on. Westside Community Center • Sun Nov 4 • 2-9 pm • View on Alibi calendar
Westside Community Center
V.26 No.5 | 02/02/2017
Event Horizon
A New Destiny
Saturday, Feb 11: DWO Pro Wrestling
Heavyweight Champion Hobo Hank goes against Johnny K and more.
V.21 No.44 |


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Map of Boyd River, NSW
Not the 'Boyd River' you were after? Try the other Boyd River in Tasmania.
Create a custom map: Click here to create a custom map including 'Boyd River'
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Senger meets with GOP officials about challenge to Foster
State Rep. Darlene Senger has been meeting with officials in Washington, D.C., this week about a possible bid to challenge Congressman Bill Foster in 2014.
Senior Republican operatives confirmed to the Daily Herald that Senger, of Naperville, met with National Republican Congressional Committee officials and members of the House GOP, including members of the Illinois delegation.
Senger, who did not immediately return calls seeking comment, has quietly unveiled a new website, www.sengerforcongress.com,
and has previously said that she is "considering" a bid for Congress. A former Naperville City Council member and state representative since 2009, she has developed a reputation for reaching across the aisle, including working closely with state Rep. Elaine Nekritz on Governor Pat Quinn's pension reform committee.
The 11th Congressional District includes parts of DuPage, Kane, Kendall and Will counties.
In November Foster -- who served in Congress from 2009-2011 -- soundly defeated veteran Republican Congresswoman Judy Biggert, of Hinsdale.


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Sean 'Diddy' Combs was mistaken for rap rival Kanye West at an art show in Miami on Wednesday.
The "I'll Be Missing You" hit maker was among the attendees at an Art Basel event at the Miami Beach Convention Center, and the pair was mixed up by Jeffrey Deitch, the former director of the Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art.
Deitch has revealed he accidentally confused the two rappers, but insists Combs was able to laugh off the embarrassing incident.
He tells New York Post gossip column Page Six via email, "There was a big crowd gathered at the entrance to an art fair booth. I asked the dealer what the commotion was about and she said, 'Kanye is here.' I could only see the person from the back, and went over to say 'Hi Kanye'. To my great embarrassment, it turned out to be P. Diddy (Combs). He thought it was very funny, especially since we had spent several hours together visiting my street art show in Los Angeles."
West has also been present during the Art Basal events in Miami, and on Wednesday, he participated in a panel discussion about design with Swiss architect Jacques Herzog.
During the talk, the rapper talked about his artistic talents, telling the crowd he was "considered to be prodigy at age 14 in Chicago" and even compared himself to successful fashion designer Ralph Lauren.
West also complained about the public failing to embrace the promo for his recent track "Bound 2," which featured him cavorting with his topless fiancée Kim Kardashian: "Famous and frustrated is the most irritating [bleep] thing … like I am frustrated 'cause I made a film and nobody liked it."
Artist Jeff Koons and Sean 'P. Diddy' Combs attend Art Basel Miami Beach


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CHICAGO – The Rev. James Meeks took to the pulpit of the enormous House of Hope at Salem Baptist Church of Chicago and exhorted his congregation to make its voice heard by lawmakers who will vote on whether to allow gay marriage in Illinois.
"We're living in a time where, here in our own state … they are about to make the law of the land that a man can marry a man and a woman can marry a woman. I think it's time for the church to wake up," said Meeks, a former state senator, on a recent Sunday.
During Illinois' lengthy and divisive debate on same-sex marriage, perhaps no group of lawmakers has been singled out for more intensive lobbying than African-American state representatives.
With the measure a dozen votes or less shy of the 60 required for final approval, advocates on either side of the issue consider the 20 black House members as key swing votes in the spring session.
The traditionally liberal black caucus, however, has not uniformly lined up in favor of gay marriage, even as home-state President Barack Obama switched course and backed it. Only one of the 14 House co-sponsors is black.
Some African-American lawmakers are uncomfortable with characterizations of gay rights as the latest front in the civil rights movement.
Others fear political repercussions, saying ministers opposed to same-sex marriage have warned legislators who vote for it to never come back to their churches, where politicians traditionally campaign on the final Sundays before an election.
"To be honest with you, it's a little disheartening," said Democratic state Rep. Will Davis, a black caucus member who has not made up his mind as he works out whether gay marriage is a moral or public policy issue.
"There are so many large-scale issues important to the black community, but you've never heard from them," Davis said of the churches opposed to gay marriage. "This doesn't create jobs. It doesn't create opportunities and, for the most part, they are silent on helping African-Americans getting job opportunities in this state. They are silent on the increasing prison population."
The bill contains a provision stating that religious institutions that oppose same-sex marriage could not be forced to perform ceremonies for same-sex couples, but religious leaders opposed to the measure argue that allowing such unions is against Bible-based morals.
Meeks, a once-considerable political presence whose religious role still carries significant influence, was tapped as the voice for thousands of automated calls into African-American homes warning that "our family structure as we know it is in serious jeopardy" if same-sex marriage is legalized.
In mid-March, the African-American Clergy Coalition formed an independent-expenditure political action committee with $3,000 from supportive ministers.
"When I saw that the lawmakers were excited about passing legislation about same-sex marriage, it's a slap in the face of the Bible," said the PAC's chairman, Lance Davis, bishop of New Zion Christian Fellowship Covenant Church in Dolton. "I didn't see that kind of enthusiasm about stopping children from killing children in the streets."
The Rev. Davis said the same-sex marriage issue "has really galvanized us" and wants the PAC to address other issues of concern to the black community, rather than support or oppose political candidates.
But advocates for same-sex marriage also have sought help from the pulpit. They've sent lawmakers letters of support from more than 300 faith leaders across the state that, in the words of one clergyman, seek to differentiate a religious rite from a civil right.
The letters and other more direct lobbying are "done to give a comfort level to legislators that they'll be doing the right thing and to give them some protection and some language to understand the issue and to use with their constituents and own faith leaders," said one same-sex marriage supporter who was not authorized to discuss lobbying tactics.
On Thursday, a group of black clergy will hold a news conference in Chicago to urge passage of the gay marriage bill in the Illinois House, the last hurdle given that Democratic Gov. Pat Quinn has said he will sign the measure into law.
The Rev. L. Bernard Jakes of West Point Missionary Baptist Church in Chicago contended that same-sex couples, many of them active in the African-American church, are being denied a basic right.
"Many of the same-gendered loving couples love Jesus as much as I, and they believe in Scripture with the same fervor by which I believe," Jakes noted in a statement to lawmakers.
"Their only legal lot in life is they are prevented from sharing in a life-long legal commitment with their partner — many of double-digit years. This is what makes it a matter of civil rights," he wrote.
The Chicago Urban League also has waded into the controversy.
"Now is the time to stand up for equality for all Illinois citizens," Andrea Zopp, the group's president and CEO, wrote in an email to same-sex marriage supporters. "That's what we at the Chicago Urban League have been doing for nearly 100 years — standing up for equality for African-Americans and all who experience discrimination."
Democratic state Rep. Christian Mitchell is the lone African-American co-sponsor of the same-sex marriage bill. The freshman lawmaker acknowledged his support was not "easy" but said that "pretty quickly it struck me as the right thing to do."
"Anything that diminishes a fellow citizen diminishes me," Mitchell said. "Discrimination is wrong, no matter who it targets. Any time a group is being oppressed is wrong."
Mitchell said complaints that legalizing same-sex marriage attacks the family are "absolutely ridiculous" when families already are under siege due to poverty, low-paying jobs and the lack of affordable child care and quality education — as well as divorce among opposite-sex couples.
But there is no uniformity on the issue among the African-American lawmakers. In February, state Rep. Eddie Lee Jackson Sr., was the lone Democrat to vote against advancing the same-sex marriage bill out of the powerful House Executive Committee.
Jackson and other black lawmakers opposed to the measure did not return calls for comment.
Democratic state Rep. Ken Dunkin, who heads the House side of the black caucus, acknowledged there is heavy pressure on African-American lawmakers from preachers to oppose the same-sex marriage bill, and there is a division among black lawmakers on the issue.
"A lot of them still say that they can't vote" for gay marriage, said Dunkin, who supports the bill.
Some lawmakers in the black caucus don't like the use of the term "civil right" to try to link the struggle of African-Americans to that of gays and lesbians.
"For me, and I know some wouldn't agree, I do have trouble equating it to a civil right," said Rep. Davis, the lawmaker who is undecided.
"When I think about the path of the African-American in this country — and people who didn't choose to come to this country — to me, sexual preference is a choice. Some would argue genetics. In my opinion, it's still a choice," Davis said.
Democratic state Rep. Greg Harris, the House sponsor of the same-sex marriage bill, said the divisions on the issue, including among churches, is "emblematic of the state at large."
"Everyone knows the trajectory that this issue is going in," said Harris, a who is gay. "I think the good thing is, as people make arguments pro and con whether through lobbying or the media, public opinion is breaking. … Let's have the discussion and talk about pros and cons and debunk the myths, and people will make the decision."
(Tribune reporter Ray Long contributed to this story from Springfield, Ill.)
©2013 Chicago Tribune
Visit the Chicago Tribune at www.chicagotribune.com
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City Council
For the records of the Mayor and City Council (BRG16), an excellent introduction and guide is:
- LeFurgy, William G., Susan Wetheimer David, and Richard J. Cox, Governing Baltimore: A Guide to the Records of the Mayor and City Council at the Baltimore City Archives. (Baltimore: Baltimore City Archives and Records Management Office, Department of Legislative Reference, 1981).
Beginning with its first Charter in 1797, the City was granted powers of self-government that resulted in the passage of Ordinances and Resolutions affecting every aspect of life in the city. Indexes and published volumes for the period are as follows:
- 1797-1906: Index to the Ordinances and Resolutions of the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, 1797-1906 by William H. Brune. Baltimore: Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, 1907.
- 1797-1798, Ordinances of the Corporation of the City of Baltimore, Passed at their First and Second Session, held February, 1797, and February, 1798. With the Act of Incorporation Prefixed. Baltimore: John Cox, 1875.
Visit City Ordinances and Proceedings of the City Council for more digital copies of the published and unpublished volumes of Ordinances and Resolutions, Proceedings, and topic indexes.
A cooperative effort among the Maryland State Archives, the State Law Library, the Enoch Pratt Free Library, and the Legislative Reference Department of the Maryland General Assembly lacks funding and staff but none the less some progress has been made at creating authoritative lists of government publications some of which are viewable at the Maryland State Archives Government Publications web site.
For a comprehensive list of Baltimore City Council Members and their biographies, please visit the Maryland State Archive's Baltimore City Council Historical List.
The City Council maintains its own informative website at http://www.baltimorecitycouncil.com


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Navigation trail: TurbineProjectPages - JakartaTurbine2 - JakartaTurbine2Faq
Turbine 2.x Frequently Asked Questions
This document serves as a catch-all for questions and problems commonly encountered in Turbine 2.x. Please be sure to read this document fully before asking repetitive questions on the turbine-user mailing list. It will save the entire Turbine community, including yourself, a little time. You are encouraged to improve this document as you see fit!
Q: Why do I get a { { { "java.lang.VerifyError" } } } when trying to set up the TDK 2.x?
A: This is because of a specific version of an XML related JAR that is incompatible with TDK 2.1 located somewhere in your classpath. The fixes that are known to work usually involve trying one (or more) of the following steps:
See if there is a XercesImpl.jar in your ANT_HOME\lib directory, if so, try removing it (maybe move it into another directory for now) and running 'ant init' again.
- Try searching for anything jaxp-related jar files from your system classpath (which may even include your JDK installation directory).
People have had success after 'moving' out of the system classpath the following files:
- xercesImpl.jar
- sax.jar
- xsltc.jar
- xalan.jar
- dom.jar
Note: by 'moving' these files to allow the TDK to run, any other project that you are using Ant for _may_ not work, so it's best to keep the moved JAR files into a directory for safe keeping.
Q: I would like to extend { { { TurbineUser } } } to include...how do I go about that?
A: *There is a detailed how-to document available to get you started. It is possible to add additional attributes (fields) to the extended object which will be persisted to the database, as well as add new foreign key references with the TURBINE_USER table in your project-schema.xml file (cf. Torque).
The turbine-user list archives contains a large library of tips, suggestions and solutions concerning extending { { { TurbineUser } } }. This is probably the most frequently discussed topic in the list, so please be sure to educate yourself thoroughly.
Q: How do I capture uploaded files?
A: Read the documentation for the UploadService.
Q: What is with the 4 versions of Turbine currently available? Why? And Which do I use?
A: See the Turbine project page for the current version information.
Q: Despite what you people say, Intake does not work! How do I get it to do what you claim it does?
A: Please refer to the page dedicated to common issues and stumbing points with Intake: /CommonIntakeProblems
Q: I created my own version of the login action. Why doesn't Turbine use it?
A: Turbine handles the login and logout actions differently than normal actions. The settings action.login and action.logout in { { { TurbineResources.properties } } } are used to tell Turbine which actions are login and logout.
Q: What are Fulcrum and Torque?
A: In Turbine 2.1, the code for all of the services (such as Intake, Velocity, Database, Logging, etc) were tightly coupled to Turbine. In order to allow this code to be reused in other projects Torque and Fulcrum were created. They are both still considered to be under the Turbine umbrella.
Torque is the database access layer. Turbine 2.2 uses this new decoupled version. More information on Torque can be found on the Torque project page.
Fulcrum contains all of the decoupled service code. Turbine 2.2 still uses the coupled services although you can switch to the Fulcrum version for some services. Fulcrum does not have a released version. It is suggested that you do not use the Fulcrum services at this time. More information can be found on the Fulcrum project page.
Q: Why do I have to use a comma with the $link tool?
A: Turbine's method of parsing URL parameters relies on everything being seperated by the "/" character. If you will notice the URL generated by $link.setPage("login.vm"), reads something like http://www.servername.com/context/servlet/servletname/template/login.vm. The output of $link.setPage("blah/login.vm") looks something like http://www.servername.com/context/servlet/servletname/template/blah/login.vm. When turbine parses the second URL, it thinks that you have requested a template named "blah".
The way to be able to request blah/login.vm is to replace the "/" character with a comma. This is the preferred way of using the $link pull tool. This does not mean that you MUST do it this way. Some people have complained that it is confusing to the people writing the view.
If you really don't like the comma, you can use a different version of the pull tool. There is another version supplied in the org.apache.turbine.util.template package called TemplateLinkWithSlash. This version of the pull tool enables you to use the slash anyway. When it generates the URL for you, it will replace the "/" character with the comma. Of course, this is inefficient since there is a search and replace going on everytime you generate a URL.
You are also free to create your own implementation of the $link pull tool. Simply override the setPage() method to replace whatever character you want to use as the seperator with the commas.
If you do decide to use a different version of the pull tool than the one configured by default, you will need to change the tool.request.link setting in your TurbineResources.properties file to the correct class name of the version that you want to use.
Q: Turbine only initializes during the first request to the application. How do I make it initialize on startup?
A: You can use the <load-on-startup> tag in your web.xml to accomplish this. Example:
{{{ <servlet>
<servlet-name>turbine</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.turbine.Turbine</servlet-class> <init-param>
</init-param> <load-on-startup/>
</servlet> }}}
Q: I keep getting the following error message: log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger...
A: If you are using Tomcat and you do not get this message everytime you start the server, it is probably because Tomcat is attempting to reload the sessions that were serialized during the last shutdown. If this is the source of your problem, restarting Tomcat will ALWAYS fix the problem. It will seem to come back on every other restart.
To fix this, you can modify your startup script/batch file to delete *.ser from Tomcat's work directory.
Q: Can I use my IDE's debugger with Turbine?
A: Yes. The actual procedure of how to accomplish this will vary depending on the IDE and your servlet container though. Check the JakartaTurbineIDEDebugging page to see if someone has posted instruction for your environment. If not, please add the appropriate text to that page after you figure it out
Q: How can I test my Turbine actions?
A: Use Cactus! Using Cactus to perform in container testing is much simpler then trying to use Junit directly, manually start up Turbine, and then try and obtain access to all the resources that you need.
Write your Cactus test cases as if you were just writing code that was running inside of Turbine. The only extra step is to create your own { { { RunData } } } and Context objects. For example, I have an action called { { { DaughterboardDisplay } } } . To test it I would write: {{{ { { {
<snip> // Junit imports import junit.awtui.TestRunner; import junit.framework.Test; import junit.framework.TestSuite; // Cactus imports
import org.apache.cactus.ServletTestCase; import org.apache.cactus.WebRequest; import org.apache.cactus.WebResponse; // Turbine imports
import org.apache.turbine.util.RunData; import org.apache.turbine.services.TurbineServices; import org.apache.turbine.services.rundata.RunDataService; import org.apache.velocity.context.Context; import org.apache.turbine.services.velocity.TurbineVelocity;
public class TestDaughterboardDisplay extends ServletTestCase {
private DaughterboardDisplay daughterboardDisplay; private RunData data= null; private Context context = null;
- public void setUp()
- throws Exception { super.setUp(); // Create the context objects to be used during testing.
data = ((RunDataService) TurbineServices.getInstance().getService(RunDataService.SERVICE_NAME)).getRunData(request, response, config);
context = TurbineVelocity.getContext(data); // Create the Action
daughterboardDisplay = (DaughterboardDisplay) ActionLoader.getInstance().getInstance("DaughterboardDisplay");
- throws Exception { super.setUp(); // Create the context objects to be used during testing.
- } /**
- Tests if an daughterboard displays nicely.
- /
- public void testSimpleDisplayofDaughterboard () throws Exception {
// Add parameters to the RunData that will be used to display a daughterboard data.getParameters ().setString ( "daughterboard_id", "636" ); // Call the do* method daughterboardDisplay.doPerform(data, context); // Evaulate the results Daughterboard db = (Daughterboard)context.get("daughterboard"); assertEquals ( "Loaded up the daughterboard into the context.", new Integer("636"), db.getDaughterboardId());
<snip> } } } }}}
Note: You must have a web.xml that automatically starts up Turbine when the container starts up. See the FAQ section " Turbine only initializes during the first request to the application. How do I make it initialize on startup? ". Note: I have a TurbineTestCase that I inherit from. In the setUp() method is where all the rundata stuff goes. Then I have it for all my test cases. Any other global stuff, like resetting the database using DbUnit goes there as well. -EricPugh
Q: How can I start Turbine in Cactus?
A: If you are testing services, or don't want to use a custom web.xml to startup Turbine on load, or are testing different config files, you can manually start up Turbine like this: {{{ { { {
- /**
- This setup will be running server side. We startup Turbine and
- get our test port from the properties. This gets run before
- each testXXX test.
- /
- throws Exception
- super.setUp(); config.setInitParameter("properties",
- "/WEB-INF/conf/TurbineCacheTest.properties");
- After each testXXX test runs, shut down the Turbine servlet.
- /
- throws Exception
- turbine.destroy(); super.tearDown();
} } } -EricPugh }}}
Q: Why do I see jsessionid=xxxx on my URL when I access my application?
A: This should only be happening when you first access your application after a restart. If you are on a unix platform you can add a command to the startup.sh file to make lynx access your application.
The following example code was submitted by Jeff Painter:
{{{ <tdkroot>/bin/catalina.sh
- elif [ "$1" = "start" ] ; then
- ..snipped... # # pause 15 seconds... wait for turbine to come up # /bin/sleep 15 # # open first login page.. dump to /dev/null #
lynx -source http://localhost:8080/app/servlet/app > /dev/null # elif[ "$1" = "stop" ] ; then ...end snip... }}}
Q: How can I tune Turbine to perform better
A: There are quite a few things you can do to help Turbine run better:
- If you are running Tomcat as a windows NT Service, check out this link:
Q: How can I build Turbine 2.3 with maven-1.0-beta10
A: Henning has posted a solution to this problem:
- Follow this link:


text:
So much for complacency. Just a few days ago, the conventional wisdom was that Europe finally had things under control. The European Central Bank, by promising to buy the bonds of troubled governments if necessary, had soothed markets. All that debtor nations had to do, the story went, was agree to more and deeper austerity — the condition for central bank loans — and all would be well.
But the purveyors of conventional wisdom forgot that people were involved. Suddenly, Spain and Greece are being racked by strikes and huge demonstrations. The public in these countries is, in effect, saying that it has reached its limit: With unemployment at Great Depression levels and with erstwhile middle-class workers reduced to picking through garbage in search of food, austerity has already gone too far. And this means that there may not be a deal after all.
Much commentary suggests that the citizens of Spain and Greece are just delaying the inevitable, protesting against sacrifices that must, in fact, be made. But the truth is that the protesters are right. More austerity serves no useful purpose; the truly irrational players here are the allegedly serious politicians and officials demanding ever more pain.
He goes on to explain. once again, that Spain had no budget deficit until the crash and that while there is no way to escape a period of hard times without leaving the Euro (which hes says nobody wants) the cruel austerity measures the bankers and European officials are insisting upon are purely punitive — and unnecessary. In fact, because they are putting such stress on the populace, which is understandably agitated, the country is having trouble borrowing to pay its bills — because bankers are worried about the political instability they are causing.
It's a mess.
Why, then, are there demands for ever more pain?
Part of the explanation is that in Europe, as in America, far too many Very Serious People have been taken in by the cult of austerity, by the belief that budget deficits, not mass unemployment, are the clear and present danger, and that deficit reduction will somehow solve a problem brought on by private sector excess.
It sounds as though if you were to compare the US to Europe in this matter (always a very dicey proposition) you would call the Germans the Villagers:
Beyond that, a significant part of public opinion in Europe's core — above all, in Germany — is deeply committed to a false view of the situation. Talk to German officials and they will portray the euro crisis as a morality play, a tale of countries that lived high and now face the inevitable reckoning. Never mind the fact that this isn't at all what happened — and the equally inconvenient fact that German banks played a large role in inflating Spain's housing bubble. Sin and its consequences is their story, and they're sticking to it.
Worse yet, this is also what many German voters believe, largely because it's what politicians have told them. And fear of a backlash from voters who believe, wrongly, that they're being put on the hook for the consequences of southern European irresponsibility leaves German politicians unwilling to approve essential emergency lending to Spain and other troubled nations unless the borrowers are punished first.
Of course, that's not the way these demands are portrayed. But that's what it really comes down to. And it's long past time to put an end to this cruel nonsense.
All of our political and financial elite believe this garbage too. And they are selling this 47% trope as a way to divide this country in similar ways. Keep in mind that the Grand Bargain is predicated these days on "avoiding Europe." You know, we'll avoid it by doing it.
And if we aren't lucky enough to avoid another recession, they'll do the same thing that the Europeans are doing to Spain. This is a global illness and we've got it too.
But it'll all turn out ok in the long run, so no worries. The wealthy will maintain their fortunes, which is the most important thing. And as Andrew Mellon told Herbert Hoover:
"liquidate labor, liquidate stocks, liquidate farmers, liquidate real estate… it will purge the rottenness out of the system. High costs of living and high living will come down. People will work harder, live a more moral life. Values will be adjusted, and enterprising people will pick up from less competent people."
See? It's all good.


text:
Heterotrophs need to obtain energy from consuming autotrophs. Remember autotrophs turn light energy into chemical energy, which is stored as the sugar glucose. The process of releasing energy by breaking down glucose and other food in the presence of oxygen is called cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration is not exactly, but can be roughly viewed as, the reverse process as photosynthesis. Oxygen and glucose combine to breakdown and reassemble as carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
oxygen + glucose -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
This process is simplified of course. There's a whole confusing mess of glycolysis, ATP, and NADH which the average high school bio teacher would want you to know, but honestly it's overkill (…it's not even in our state standards…).
Now there are cases when cells don't get enough oxygen. In this case, the cells produce nasty waste products that they remove from their body. Some microorganisms, such as yeast, produce alcohol in the absence of oxygen. This is called alcoholic fermentation. Other organisms, such as yourself, produce lactic acid in the absence of oxygen. Fittingly, this is called lactic acid fermentation. Fermentation is vital in our food system. Production of alcohol is quite the large business throughout the world; as is production of foods such as yogurt and pickles which utilize lactic acid.
One last point of overkill: the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. Unless you go to college for Biology, you have no need for this… and honestly, I went to college for Biology and I don't have a use for it, short of torturing students with it if I was an evil person.
Filed under: Biology, Teaching | Tagged: Alcohol, ATP, Biology, C6H12O6, Carbon Dioxide, Cells, Cellular Respiration, CO2, Energy, Fermentation, Glucose, Lactic Acid, Microorganisms, O2, Oxygen, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Science | Leave a comment »


text:
In 2015, Axis will be providing new training packages made up of various course modules and certification preparation course are made available to you for your different needs. Sign up for the Fundamental Training Course (Package 1) to learn about Network Video Fundamental and System Design. If you sign up for Package 1 between January to March 2015, you will receive a FREE AXIS M1145-L Network Camera and AXIS Camera Station 8-base License.
Upon completion of the training, give yourself a competitive advantage by validating your expertise with Axis Certification Program. The Certification Preparation Course (Package 2) helps to prepare you for the Certification Exam. It comes with an Exam Voucher to subsidize the examination fees. This certification, recognized by an independent global standard, is an endorsement of both you and your company's proficiency in delivering effective network video solutions.
Please register first as part of the Axis Communications' Academy criteria (only applicable for Australia, New Zealand, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore) to subscribe to our mailing list to receive Axis latest promotions, exclusive events invitation and technology update.
For more information on our Academy trainings, please consider the course descriptions and agendas that match the classroom training of your choice.
Course fees must be paid prior to the commencement of the training. There is no refund but the registered participant can attend the next available class in the event that they are unable to attend the class date that they have registered for. Upon registration and full payment, Axis will send confirmation via email one week (5 working days) prior the commencement of class date on the training location and other logistics information. All course fee packages include the examination fee of US$150 to take the certification at a Prometric location at your convenience. A Prometric exam e-Voucher will be issued to you after you have attended the class conducted by Axis trainers.
Prometric exam e-Voucher(the eVoucher is only valid for one person and for one-time exam). The student enters the eVoucher code and the $150 exam fee will be waived as it is already prepaid by Axis as part of the training package fee. There will be no refunds for participant who fails the exam. If the participant chooses to retake the exam, he has to register directly with Prometric on the website and pay the $150 exam fee on his own personal account.
Axis reserves the right to cancel any training up to 10 working days prior to the start date. Notification of cancelled events will be sent to the attendees via email. There is no refund for class cancellation or in the event that the registered participant is unable to attend the class date that they have registered for. Cancelled class will be rescheduled at Axis discretion and the affected registered participant will be informed via email on the new date.
For any questions concerning Axis Communications' Academy trainings, please email email@example.com.


text:
Many GMail-using Mac-users, such as ourselves, probably already have some sort of third-party plugin that allows us to see when we have new GMail (that is, if we're not using our GMail accounts with our regular mail application as POP
or IMAP—[edit] Sorry folks, I must have been on crack this morning!), such as gCount or Gmail Notifier for Mac. According to an announcement on the Official Google Blog, however, Google has now released a number of new Dashboard Widgets to satisfy your OS X widget cravings, and they're a bit more robust than those old & busted notifiers could do.
The GMail widget allows you to have a little window into your GMail world to see all messages available and even search & compose messages. However, what's cool about it is that you can have several of these widgets open for various different GMail accounts at the same time, something that you can't do with most already-existing GMail notifying plugins out there right now. So if you're like us and have several GMail accounts—one for real friends, one for
junk news@ars e-mail, and one for Craigslist casual encounters uh, family—this may be exactly what you've been wishing for!
The Blogger widget is, as you can imagine, associated with Google's Blogger service and makes posting to your Blogger account quick & easy right from your Dashboard without having to deal with those nasty web browsers.
Finally, the search widget is a rather intriguing animal in itself. Whenever you do a search on Google, it records what stuff you search for and what links you clicked on when you did that search, so that you can go back to it later if you wanted to without having to fish through a whole sea of results all over again, just like the Google search history on the web. This, however, only works if you have a GMail account and are currently logged in. No Anonymous search logging for you!
The last two are widgets that I don't care for as much, but I love the GMail widget. Screw the
nano Gmail Notifier!


text:
Re: terra's things
Nice lol. It made my smile and feel sad at the same time.Bounty Hunter Kaiza wrote:
Hey terra!!! This site is lacking a bit of color, so I think it would be a good idea for you to covince Admin (i will help) to add some color to this site. I don't care which color, but anything but grey or black. Thanx!!!
You can change the site colors in your profile settings you can make it blue or some others.
That will only change the color of links, but I guess it's already something.
Glad if you liked my work, Alo. Mustn't be completely worthless then. I am hoping to get at least a B with it.


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text:
HOLLY SPRINGS, Miss. — Roy DeBerry learned at an early age what could happen to a black boy who violated Mississippi's Jim Crow-era social code.
His teacher at the one-room church school outside town had arranged for porters to toss copies of the Chicago Defender, Jet and other black publications from passing trains, because mailing them was too risky. One day, the young pupils learned the gruesome tale of Emmett Till, the Chicago boy beaten beyond recognition, shot and dumped in a river in 1955 — for whistling at a white woman.
"There was real terror in Mississippi," says DeBerry, just 8 at the time. "We knew that this state was capable of killing and lynching a 14-year-old boy — and was also capable of not convicting the people that did it."
As a teen himself, DeBerry knew he was gambling with his own life when he joined civil rights activists who came to Mississippi in the summer of 1964 to challenge its way of life.
During what became known as "Freedom Summer," hundreds of volunteers— mostly Northern white college students and others, including Aviva Futorian, a young history teacher — descended on the state to focus national attention on the indignities and horrors of segregation. They came to register blacks to vote, and establish "Freedom Schools" and community centers to help prepare those long disenfranchised for participation in what they hoped would be a new political order.
Opposition was widespread and brutal. Churches were bombed, volunteers were harassed, arrested, beaten — even murdered.
Fifty years later, Freedom Summer stands out as a watershed moment in the long, often bloody drive for civil rights. Mass resistance to integration started to crumble. Congress took a monumental step toward equal rights. And scores of young, idealistic volunteers embarked on long careers of activism that continue to shape American politics and policy today.
And in this vortex of history, lifelong friendships formed between people from vastly different worlds.
So it was that a 16-year-old black factory worker's son from Mississippi and the 26-year-old daughter of a Jewish furniture mogul from Chicago's affluent suburbs bonded over bologna and tomato sandwiches and chatter at Modena's Cafe during a summer that would define their lives.
Sitting side by side recently on a sofa in Futorian's condominium overlooking Chicago's fashionable Lincoln Park, the two friends flipped through albums of photos from 1964. They reminisced about Freedom School lessons under a tree in oppressive heat, practice sessions for a sit-in at a segregated theater, taboos that prevented a white woman and black man from sitting next to each other in a car. As they talked, they sometimes finished each other's stories as old friends often do.
"Everybody told us our lives would be in danger," said Futorian, now a 76-year-old attorney. "I probably didn't have as much trepidation as I should have. Because it's hard to imagine your own death."
Freedom Summer followed many winters of discontent in the fight for civil rights. Years of demonstrations by determined local blacks, boycotts, legislative campaigns and bloody pitched battles had not dislodged segregation.
As the summer of 1964 approached, it was clear that more trouble loomed.
"Maybe we're not going to get many people registered this summer," Bob Moses, the summer project's chief architect, cautioned volunteers during a spring training session at a college in Ohio. "Maybe all we're going to do is live through this summer. In Mississippi, that will be so much!"
Moses, field secretary at the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, had already endured three years of beatings and police harassment for trying to register blacks in the Klan-infested Mississippi Delta. By 1964, the Harlem native — now co-director of the Council of Federated Organizations, an umbrella organization for civil rights groups — had reached a conclusion: "We had to do something, something big, that would really open the situation up. Otherwise, they'd simply continue to kill the best among us."
The murder in January of Louis Allen, a black logger who'd volunteered to register to vote in Amite County, was a turning point. On March 20, SNCC announced the "Mississippi Summer Project."
Putting Northern whites in harm's way was an essential element.
"If white America would not respond to the deaths of our people, the thinking went, maybe it would react to the deaths of its own children," John Lewis, a coordinator for SNCC then and now a longtime Georgia congressman, wrote in his memoir, "Walking With the Wind."
As volunteers converged for training at Western College for Women in Oxford, Ohio, (now part of Miami University) Moses told them they should not go south "to save the Mississippi Negro," but only "if you understand, really understand, that his freedom and yours are one."
On June 21, even before orientation ended, chilling word spread: Three young volunteers — New Yorkers Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner and Mississippi native James Chaney — had vanished while investigating the burning of a black church near the railroad town of Philadelphia. Futorian recalls Schwerner's wife, Rita, taking the stage in Ohio to declare that she believed they were dead.
Many confronted real terror for the first time, recalled another volunteer, Marshall Ganz, who would become a Harvard professor: "The question was: Could you find enough courage to go, despite your fear?"
Futorian forged ahead. Her parents were supportive, but anxious. When her father — who owned factories in Mississippi — offered to hire a bodyguard for her, she scoffed.
"Can you imagine what that would look like?" she asked him.
But en route to Mississippi, the menace quickly became clear. Following a gasoline stop in Tennessee, Futorian's light-blue Chevy Corvair and its mixed-race passengers were chased for miles at high speeds until their pursuers gave up. Exhausted and scared, the volunteers arrived around 3 a.m. at the county square in Bolivar, Tenn., and slept in the Corvair, parking among other cars, hoping that would provide some security.
On another occasion, this time in northern Mississippi, she and SNCC leader Stokely Carmichael — who'd later trade nonviolence for militancy and popularize the phrase "Black Power — picked up a tail.
Carmichael taught her a handy driving tip — how to "pop" a clutch for a quick getaway. He offered some advice, too:
"Keep in mind," he said, "the escapee wants to escape much more strongly than the chaser wants to catch."
Maybe it was because his grandparents had been landowners since just after slavery days, or because his father wasn't dependent on sharecropping a white man's land. Whatever the source, Roy DeBerry had "an independent streak."
He sensed the injustice of having to climb to the gallery at the segregated Holly Theatre on the courthouse square. He resented having to call the white kid behind the counter at Tyson's Drug Store "sir."
"No one needed to teach you that," the 66-year-old DeBerry said during a recent visit to Holly Springs. "It was just something that was in your DNA."
So when a Freedom School opened in an unassuming white-frame building across from historically black Rust College, DeBerry soon found his way there.
When Futorian — then a teacher at two such schools — met with a group of black teenage boys, she peppered them with questions: Who are the richest blacks in town? How do they earn their living? Are they involved in the civil rights movement? If not, why not?
"Roy was the only one who knew the answers," she recalls with a smile.
DeBerry, nicknamed "Shorty" by his classmates, liked how Futorian "took my views seriously, even though I was a very young person." It was his first interaction with a white person "on a social level."
Through donated books, Futorian introduced him to James Baldwin, Ralph Ellison, Richard Wright and other "subversive" black authors.
As comfortable as they were together, sharing sandwiches at Modena's in the "colored" section of town, organizers felt it was too dangerous for a young black man and a white woman to canvass for voters. DeBerry joined Michael Clurman, a volunteer from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, knocking on doors to encourage people to register. They didn't make much progress.
The tensions in Holly Springs were detailed by SNCC organizer Larry Rubin in an article for a student magazine back at Antioch College in Ohio. He wrote of curses, of a beer bottle hurled at his head, and he described the "Freedom Worker's Walk, which you acquire when fear sinks into you so deep it becomes natural. You walk slouched and slow along the buildings side of the pavement farthest from the street. You register no expression and face straight ahead while your eyes shift from side to side to see who's following."
Still, Rubin knew his race afforded him protections not available to black residents.
"What courage it takes to attempt to register!" wrote Rubin, who became a union official. "Your name is printed in the local paper. You can probably count on being fired or losing your sharecrop. Many who attempted to register have been beaten, or have had their house burned. Some have been killed."
A suspicious Aug. 1 automobile wreck that killed Wayne Yancey, a 21-year-old black volunteer from Chicago, rattled Rubin and others in Holly Springs.
Three days later, searchers dug the bodies of the civil rights workers who had disappeared in June — Chaney, Goodman and Schwerner — from an earthen dam. They'd been beaten and shot at close range.
Freedom Summer was lurching toward a bitter close.
By fall, most of the Northern volunteers had returned home. Aviva Futorian remained.
She worked as a field organizer for SNCC and held a weekly college preparatory study group for a few particularly promising students, including DeBerry.
A black farmer offered his dining room as a meeting space. DeBerry joined Futorian after his regular classes for the short ride. They were always careful to do what DeBerry calls "the 'Driving Miss Daisy' thing." He'd be at the wheel, she'd be in the back, or vice versa.
"We didn't know where the Klan were hanging out," DeBerry recalled recently as he rolled along Highway 4, retracing the familiar route. On one occasion, he felt the need for some protection.
Stopping at the home of an NAACP activist, DeBerry asked Futorian to wait while he went inside. A few minutes later, he emerged and placed something in the trunk of her Corvair: It was a shotgun.
Futorian returned to Chicago after a year and a half. Believing her color limited her abilities as a civil rights organizer, she decided to pursue justice another way. "I thought maybe I could be some kind of catalyst, and lawyers seemed to be good catalysts," she says.
With her help, DeBerry was accepted at her alma mater, Brandeis University in Massachusetts. He helped found a black student association there, and led a sit-in to push for a black studies department and more minority faculty members.
Others' lives, too, were transformed by that summer:
Ganz, now at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, spent 16 years as an organizer for the United Farm Workers. Mario Savio, another volunteer, became a fiery student leader of the Free Speech Movement at the University of California-Berkeley. Barney Frank served more than 30 years as a representative from Massachusetts in the U.S. House.
Changes also came to Mississippi.
Widespread resistance to integration began fading, and businesses grudgingly complied with the Civil Rights Act signed that summer, says John Dittmer, a professor emeritus at DePauw University and author of "Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi."
"You still had violence, no question about that," he says. "But it wasn't that systematic use of terror that had intimidated people for so long. That was gone."
Carmichael, the SNCC leader who later took the name Kwame Ture, called Freedom Summer "a turning point for a whole generation of us. It was certainly the boldest, most dramatic, and traumatic single event of the entire movement."
Political progress, though, was limited.
At the national convention that summer, the newly formed Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party tried to be seated as the official delegation, arguing the all-white Mississippi Democrats had been elected from districts where blacks couldn't vote. President Lyndon Johnson, fearing a revolt from Southern states, engineered a compromise that would give the Freedom Democrats two at-large seats but no power to vote. The group rejected the offer.
But in televised hearings, the nation heard Freedom Party delegate Fannie Lou Hamer's passionate call for inclusion. Speaking before the credentials committee, she described being jailed for trying to register to vote, and police forcing other black inmates to repeatedly beat her with a blackjack.
"Is this America," she asked, "the land of the free and the home of the brave, where we have to sleep with our telephones off the hooks because our lives be threatened daily, because we want to live as decent human beings, in America?"
And though fewer than one-tenth of the 17,000 black residents who attempted to register that summer succeeded, the effort helped create momentum for the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Some believe this activism planted the seeds for history-making events generations later. "If it hadn't been for the veterans of Freedom Summer," John Lewis wrote, "there would be no Barack Obama."
But Rita Bender, Michael Schwerner's widow, is far less optimistic.
She says a refusal by some to recognize past inequities is partly to blame for today's social ills. Now an attorney in Seattle, she's dismayed at recent developments — a Supreme Court decision that nullified portions of the Voting Rights Act, numerous voter identification laws, the proliferation of so-called stand-your-ground laws. The country, she says, is "moving backward."
"There's an old song that says freedom is a constant struggle," she says. "That sounds corny as I say it. But, I mean, the reality is nations, people evolve. And they either evolve for the better, or they stagnate ... If you don't address inequities, then they fester."
Back on that comfortable sofa in Chicago, Futorian and DeBerry chat about that sweltering season 50 years ago — and the legacy they share.
"I think it was a defining moment for the state, for the South, for the country," DeBerry says.
"It really sort of made a crack in the dike," adds Futorian. "And then this flood came rushing through. So much happened over the next years. But ... it started there."
If not for Freedom Summer, DeBerry says he probably would have left Mississippi permanently. Instead, he returned and held a variety of administrative positions in higher education and government.
At one point, as Hinds County executive, he found himself in a strange position. Byron De La Beckwith, the man who assassinated NAACP organizer Medgar Evers in 1963, was being held in the county jail and was receiving fan mail. DeBerry determined how many stamps he'd receive for replies: one a week.
And Mississippi led Futorian to a legal career, focusing in recent decades on death row inmates and a successful campaign to abolish capital punishment in Illinois. She's now advocating for prison reform.
Following a 1995 SNCC reunion in Holly Springs, the former teacher and student began collecting the oral histories of those who'd lived under Jim Crow in Mississippi's Benton and Marshall counties. In 2004, they formally launched the Hill Country Project, which has since grown to include education support and economic development.
Through all the change over the last five decades, there has been one constant for DeBerry and Futorian — their friendship.
It is, says DeBerry, "just as real, is just as interesting, is just as enriching and is just as powerful and sweet as it was in 1964."


text:
Posted on Jan 15, 2016
Seniors and Colder Weather and Senior Care at Home
As we ease into the winter, it's apparent that the cold weather is here to stay for a few more months. This is the time of year when it's important to take precautions when traveling and spending any amount of time outdoors. Our senior loved ones especially need to be sure to take proper care in the wintertime.
If venturing outdoors with your senior loved one, whether to go grocery shopping or just to take a drive, it is important to stock a winter-preparedness kit in the vehicle. The temperatures can easily get below freezing and in the chance that the car has a breakdown, we want to be ready to protect our loved ones until help can arrive. The kit should have extra blankets, flashlight, phone charger for the cell phone, some dry snacks, water bottles and extra hats and mittens. When traveling, it is best to avoid days predicted to have dangerous wind chills and freezing precipitation.
The winter can bring treacherous conditions to our roads and sidewalks. Be sure to keep an elderly loved one's doorsteps and sidewalks clear of all ice and snow to prevent slips and falls. Add a layer of salt to prevent any refreezing. If distance makes clearing a loved one's driveway difficult, perhaps look into a local snow removal service to help out when there is any significant snowfall. The little extra cost will be great peace of mind of your loved one's safety for you and your family.
When helping a senior loved one to dress in the morning during the winter, it is best to dress in layers. Our elderly loved ones typically struggle with keeping warm due to thinner blood and daily medications. Start off with a tee shirt, then layer with a long sleeve and top off with a sweater or fleece shirt. It is a lot easier to remove layers when feeling warm than shiver without enough on when cold.
Winter weather can wreak havoc on our skin. It's a lot dryer and less forgiving than the warmer months of fall spring. With dryer air and less moisture to help our skin, it's important to moisturize daily. Whenever possible, use a water vapor humidifier in the home to help keep moisture in the air and rehydrate the skin. Drinking lots of water daily also helps to keep the skin softer in the colder weather.
The coldest months of the year can also be the loneliest. The days seems shorter and cloudy days with less sunlight can put a damper on anyone's mood. It is extremely beneficial to an elderly loved one to have some company. A phone call or a visit will be helpful to boost your loved one's mood and have positive effects on the week ahead.
If you would like to learn more about caring and consistent in home care for seniors, along with the many benefits of professional live in care for the elderly, or dementia and Alzheimer's care, call Senior Helpers of Clearwater to speak to a senior care specialist today 727-210-1414! The compassionate senior care specialists at Senior Helpers can also guide you through the process of receiving the Veterans Administration Aid and Attendance Benefit if your elderly loved one is a veteran. In home senior care allows your loved one to stay in the comforts of their own home for as long as possible while receiving the level of care they need. Senior Helpers of Clearwater provides a wide range of services including Alzheimer's and dementia care, personal assistance, companionship, and so much more to all areas of Largo, Seminole, and St. Petersburg (Including the Beaches), Florida.


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Fourteen years after Pete Townshend dismissed the very idea of growing up when he wrote "Hope I die before I get old," a 40-year-old John Lennon sang a very different tune.
"I can hardly wait to see you come of age," he sang in 1980 to his then-5-year-old son, Sean, unabashedly anticipating the future. And to his wife, Yoko Ono, he borrowed a sentiment from poet Robert Browning and crooned "Grow old with me / The best is yet to be … whatever fate decrees, we will see it through."
Fate, however, had something other than old age in store for Lennon, who died at the hands of a crazed fan just a few months after recording those songs and many others that signaled the start of a new chapter in the ex-Beatle's life.
"It's hard to believe he would be 70," Lennon's friend Elton John said last week. "It's hard to believe he missed out on the computer, on Twitter. I wonder what he would have made of it all? I have a feeling he would have grabbed and run with it. John Lennon, who gave so much; he would still be at the forefront."
Three decades after his death, in some respects he is. The approach of what would have been Lennon's 70th birthday on Oct. 9 brings with it a raft of special commemorations, recordings, films, books and live performances that indicate Lennon's hold on the world's imagination is as strong as ever.
"He, more than so many artists, truly just bared his soul," said Robert Santelli, executive director of the downtown Grammy Museum, which on Monday opens an exhibit, "John Lennon, Songwriter," focusing on his musical legacy. "He shared his demons, his weaknesses, his joys.... As a songwriter, he looked into the mirror and what he saw, he put in his songs. That takes courage."
EMI and Capitol Records will give Lennon's post-Beatles solo catalog a major sonic upgrade with remastered versions of all his albums, which are being released Tuesday individually and in an 11-CD "John Lennon Signature Box" full of extras and bonus tracks. The label also is putting out a new double CD/DVD greatest-hits set ("Power to the People: The Hits") and a four-CD box set ("Gimme Some Truth") that samples a broader cross section of his solo career, broken down into four themed discs.
PBS makes Lennon an honorary American by including him in its "American Masters" series by way of a new two-hour documentary, "LennoNYC,", slated to air Nov. 22 and focusing on his and Ono's years living in New York. The Grammy Museum hosts an advance screening Monday.
The American Cinematheque is wrapping up a full weekend of Lennon-related films including the Los Angeles premiere of "Nowhere Boy,", director Sam Taylor Wood's exploration of Lennon's pre-Beatles days in Liverpool as a member of the Quarrymen, whose surviving members were scheduled to be on hand with Wood and actor Aaron Johnson.
Various cities are hosting birthday vigils and celebrations, including a gathering Saturday at noon in Hollywood outside Capitol Records at Lennon's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. His first wife, Cynthia, and their son, Julian, will unveil a peace monument in his hometown of Liverpool on Saturday. Ono will spend that day in Reykjavik, Iceland, performing with the Plastic Ono Band at a peace concert, lighting the Imagine Peace Tower in his memory and burying a time capsule to be opened on the 100th anniversary of Lennon's birth in 2040. Countless Beatles tribute bands will focus on Lennon's music, locally including the Fab Four's show Saturday at Club Nokia.
Former Capitol Records executive Jon Polk has crafted "The John Lennon Box of Vision", akin to " The Beatles Box of Vision" he put together last year, packaging all the original 12-inch-by-12-inch album cover artwork with extensive liner notes and other extras.
A new book documenting his final recording sessions through interviews with most of the participants is due for publication this month, author-musician Ken Sharp's "Starting Over: The Making of John Lennon and Yoko Ono's 'Double Fantasy'" (Simon and Schuster, $26.99). It underscores the weeks leading to his death as an intensely happy time for Lennon, after the five years in which he largely cut himself off from the entertainment world to focus on raising Sean.
At the center of it all is Ono, who has spent a good chunk of the last 30 years deciding how best to honor her husband's memory and legacy in contemporary pop culture. That's encompassed allowing other musicians to record his songs as part of humanitarian recording projects, adding her approval to Beatles-related ventures such as Cirque du Soleil's Las Vegas show "Love" and the use of Lennon's image and music in "The Beatles: Rock Band" videogame and revisiting their final recording studio collaborations together for a reconfigured version of "Double Fantasy," the 1980 album that put him back at the top of the pop charts shortly before he died.
"Double Fantasy — Stripped Down" is a remixed version of the album, removing the bells-and-whistles production touches that he, Ono and album producer Jack Douglas used 30 years ago, especially the effects used to alter the quality of his naked voice.
"I think that's really the best part, in a way," Ono, 77, said during a stop in Beverly Hills recently. "When you hear it, it's totally different in the sense that John's voice is really so up [front in the sound mix]…. You're going to really hear him for the first time, in a way."
Raw emotion characterized "John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band," the first album he released after the 1970 breakup of the Beatles. But from "Imagine" in 1971 through "Double Fantasy," he often double-tracked his vocals, adding echo and reverb or other aural processing. Were he still alive, this might be the one project he'd have trouble supporting.
"He was never satisfied with his voice," Ono said. "But he was satisfied with what we were doing [on 'Double Fantasy'] in the sense of the songs."
Ono said she's listened to those songs only sporadically over the years and that her response to hearing the album in its entirety during the remixing process recently took her by surprise.
"For business reasons I have to listen to certain things sometimes," she said, "maybe one song, you know, if they want to use it for an advertisement, but not the whole thing. I thought, 'I can take care of it as business, objectively,' which I have been doing for 30 years. But to listen to 'Double Fantasy,' ohhh," she said with a heavy sigh. "I was crying, actually."
Asked whether "Double Fantasy — Stripped Down" also means her own voice will be cast in a new light, Ono nearly blushed. "Yes, that's true," she said with a jittery laugh. "I get a bit nervous talking about that. Most people in those days really hated the fact that I was there. But yes, you hear me too."
Sean lent a hand to the remixed "Double Fantasy" project: That's his sketch on the cover, a reproduction of the original album's photo of his father and mother kissing.
Thirty years after that photo was taken, how might Lennon view the seismic changes that have transpired since he sang to his generation about a "Revolution"?
"In the days when John was young, there were few people who played guitar," Ono said. "Now, is there a kid in the class who doesn't know how to play the guitar? It's very different now."
Ono believes Lennon would be gratified by many of those differences.
"Just like people in old days: The white guys had to marry white women, that kind of thing," Ono said. "In music too, in the old days, rock was rock, jazz was jazz, avant garde was avant garde, classical was classical. Now everybody uses everything, and they don't mind it…. It's all mixed now. It's beautiful."
The musical polyglot is something she finds in sync with their longstanding efforts to promote world peace.
"To keep this planet as a beautiful planet, music is it," Ono said. "Music is a healing power, and all musicians who are trying their best, they are all doing it, by their vibrations. Isn't that great? Even if you make the music in your own garage and wouldn't ever put it out, that vibration is healing the world.
"John categorically approved all musicians," she said. "As long as it's music, he feels good about it."
Fourteen years after Pete Townshend dismissed the very idea of growing up when he wrote "Hope I die before I get old," a 40-year-old John Lennon sang a very different tune.


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Fox Paints Birther's Climate Change Antics As Serious "Dissent"
Blog ››› ››› MAX GREENBERG
Fox News portrayed the dismissal of British politician Christopher Monckton from the UN climate conference in Qatar as evidence that there was legitimate "dissent" against climate change being quashed. In fact, Monckton, who is known for incendiary antics and remarks, was expelled for violating the conference's code of conduct, and protesters on the other side of the issue were also expelled for similar violations.
Monckton was removed from the 2012 UN climate talks in Doha, Qatar, after impersonating a delegate from Myanmar in order to misleadingly claim that there has been "no global warming at all" for 16 years, obscuring the clear warming trend. He was subsequently barred from all future UN climate conferences.
The following morning, Fox & Friends seized on the episode to paint "Lord Monckton" as a martyr of climate "dissent" and bemoan a lack of "debate" on the issue. Co-host Brian Kilmeade claimed somewhat dubiously that "Everyone took notes and they learned from that, and global warming is indeed now wrong." Gretchen Carlson declared that the conference "was supposed to be a debate apparently at this convention, but a debate usually involves two different points of view. I guess this time they're just going to have one point of view." Steve Doocy conceded that Monckton had spoken out of turn in Doha, but concluded of his dismissal, "There goes for dissent."
But Monckton wasn't being singled out. A group of activists was also expelled from Doha for "unfurling an unauthorized banner calling for the Qatari hosts to lead the negotiations to a strong conclusion," according to Greenwire (subscription required). And contrary to Carlson's suggestion, the purpose of the Doha conference is not to "debate" the widely-accepted and extensively documented science behind manmade climate change. Rather, it is to "speed up global action towards a low-emission future where everyone has the chance of a sustainable life."
More significantly, Monckton, who has no formal scientific training, is a notorious and prolific peddler of climate myths, and he wasn't being punished for "dissent" -- he was expelled for "impersonating a Party" and violating the conference's code of conduct.
This wasn't Monckton's first disruptive stunt at a U.N. climate conference. In 2007, in Bali, he declared "climate change is a non-problem," and was eventually expelled for attempting to hold an impromptu, un-registered news conference. During the 2009 event in Copenhagen, he exploded at a group of student protesters, repeatedly addressing them as "Hitler Youth" and "Nazis." He later defended his comments, telling the students that they were "killing millions by starvation in the 3rd world." After the conference he triumphantly proclaimed "The eco-Nazis' attempt at a global coup d'etat has failed, and no such attempt is likely to succeed again." Nazi references are a popular theme in Monckton's rhetoric. He has also called President Obama's birth certificate a "forgery" and, in 1987, advocated for forcibly quarantining HIV patients. All this has led to a curriculum vitae that seems consistent with a Sacha Baron Cohen character.
Monckton is often touted as a "former Thatcher advisor," but John Gummer, a former Tory environment secretary, Thatcher official and current head of the UK Committee on Climate Change, told a radio program in 2011 that Monckton "isn't taken seriously by anybody." Gummer added "he was a bag carrier in Mrs. Thatcher's office, and the idea that he advised her on climate change is laughable. The fact of the matter is, he's not a figure of importance and has made no difference to the debate." In 2012, Gawain Towler, the conservative UK Independence Party's press spokesman, described Monckton as an "outlier" who is now "semi-detached" and "no longer has any formal role" in the party. In 2010 and 2011, the UK Parliaments officially asked Monckton to stop claiming to be a member of the House of Lords.
This is the man Fox used to exemplify "different points of view"-- and not for the first time. Prior to the Copenhagen event, Glenn Beck hosted him to argue that carbon is "harmless," and Monckton's dispatches from the 2011 Durban conference were cited by Fox's Peter Johnson to falsely claim that the conference established a "climate court of justice."
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The NFL frowns upon discussions of point spreads. Everyone knows gambling on the NFL is a popular activity in American society, but NFL players, coaches, owners, officials and others around the league generally are encouraged not to say anything about the Vegas odds.
Cowboys owner and General Manager Jerry Jones, however, acknowledges that he looks at the point spreads. When the Cowboys lost to the Chiefs this season, Jones noted that their loss was expected, as the Chiefs were the favorites. And in a video on the Cowboys' website previewing Sunday's game against the Chargers, Jones notes that the Cowboys are favorites at San Diego.
"I'm surprised we're the favorite, being on the road," Jones said.
Still although Jones was expecting the Chargers to be the betting favorites, he said he likes the way the Cowboys have shown improvement this season.
"This team is getting better, and this team is better than the team we've had the last few years," Jones said.
As the Cowboys keep getting better, it won't be long before Jones isn't surprised to see the Cowboys favored. Even on the road.


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Tom Goldstein takes an in-depth look at the three apparent front-runners for nomination to the Supreme Court — Elena Kagan, Diane Wood, and Merrick Garland. He concludes that Kagan is likely to emerge as the nominee. Although I originally viewed Kagan as the front-runner, recently I suggested that Wood might have a slight edge.
Tom is much more knowledgeable and sophisticated in these matters than I am. In addition, my track record when it comes to predicting Supreme Court nominees is poor. I will say, however, that Tom analyzes most of the subsidiary questions surrounding the selection — likely magnitude of Republican opposition, perceptions of the left-liberal base, etc. — about the same way I did.
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"Arise and take our stand for freedom as in the olden time." Winston Churchill
"Proclaim Liberty throughout All the land unto All the Inhabitants Thereof." Inscription on the Liberty Bell


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You'll Never Want To Eat Gummy's Again If You Watch This
One of the most popular treats people love to chew on are gummy lollies.
These candies are a sweet treat to munch on, but have you ever wondered just why they're so chewy and how they're made?
Well, the background may shock you.
You may have heard people (especially vegetarians) refer to gelatin being used in sweets - you may have even been aware that gelatin is actually made from animals...(we've always found it hard to comprehend that some lollies contain animal based products)
Danish filmmaker Alina Kneepkens has produced a short film that may have you checking the ingredient list printed on the packet the next time you visit the sweets aisle at your supermarket.
Played in reverse, the film starts off by showing us an enticing packet of gummys ready to be gobbled up, before highlighting in stark detail just how the gelatin is actually prepared (don't forget there's a number of vegan substitutes including agar which is extracted from algae)
WARNING: Some people may find this hard to watch
Marie Claire


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This product is no longer available.
Tom Clark, W3IWI, working with TAPR created an improved version of the TAC (Totally Accurate Clock). The project milestones are available.
The "Totally Accurate Clock" TAC-2 kit is intended to serve several purposes:
- It provides a "universal" electrical and mechanical interface for a number of common OEM board-level GPS receivers including specifically:
- Garmin GPS-20
- Motorola Oncore
- Trimble SK8
- It provides interfaces for the 1 pulse-per-second (1PPS) signal generated by these receivers:
- Low-impedance, fast rise-time 1PPS signals for "laboratory" applications.
- RS232 level 1PPS signals for computer applications.
- Specialized 1PPS interfaces for an add-on PCB that will stabilize a low-cost crystal oscillator to an accuracy ~ 1 part-per-billion
- It provides several different power supply options to make use of your GPS receiver easier. The power interface is similar to (and compatible with) those used for computer disk drives:
- A low-cost, (7805-type) regulator.
- A high-efficiency switching power supply.
- Direct 5 volt power.
- It has provision for an Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) to buffer the GPS receiver through brief power outages.
- It provides Battery Backup so the GPS receiver can wake up "smart."
- It can provide isolated power for an amplified GPS antenna.
Since the TAC-2 has so much flexibility, there are several options you will have to choose from during construction. The "base" implementation will satisfy the needs of many radio amateurs with support for the Garmin GPS-20 and Motorola ONCORE Basic receivers. A few jumper changes enable support for the Motorola ONCORE VP/UT receiver. Some added parts and some more jumper changes are needed if you plan to use a Trimble SK-8.
The TAC-2 is offered as a kit which will take approxiamtely 2 or 3 hours to build.
The TAC-2 kit has been designed to be very easy to assemble. TAPR supplies detailed "Heathkit-like" instructions that only require you to know which end of the soldering iron is hot and a little knowledge on how to put things together!
One of the major interests that TAPR has in GPS timing is in the use of GPS as a way to steer ("discipline") an oscillator. By tying together a low-cost crystal oscillator and a GPS receiver, it is possible to have a Rubidium-class (better than one part per billion) frequency standard. The TAC-2 has been designed to support this function and the TAC-2 project team is working on developing the "TOC" (TAC Oscillator Controller). The plan is that the TOC will plug directly into the TAC-2 circuit board. More information on this project will made available as progress is made. No time is set for delivery of this daughterboard at this time.
Kit AvailabilityThis kit is no longer available
Download TAC-2 Assembly Manual (pdf 1534K)
- The original showtime software can be downloaded from ftp://ftp.tapr.org/tac2/showtime
Download old TAC-2 Operations Manual (pdf 335K) that discusses Showtime.
PresentationsView TAC-2 presentation at 1997 ARRL and TAPR DCC
Be sure to check out Tom's 45min Introduction to GPS presented at the 1997 ARRL/TAPR DCC.
What changes where made between the version 1 and version 2 designs
- The circuitry has been improved in a number of areas:
- better low-Z 1PPS buffers.
- better RS232 drivers.
- full "Plug 'n Play" support for any of the Motorola ONCORE receivers (the original PVT-6/BASIC, the 8-channel VP or the new UT-series) and several other receivers as well.
- A number of power supply options have been provided, including
- the TAC-2 can look like a "disk drive" when mounted in a PC
- an optional high-efficiency switching power supply
- an UPS (uninterruptable power supply) capability (good for a few minutes)
- an optional regulator for external antenna bias
- several BBRAM "keep alive" power options, etc.
- The off-board connections for the original TAC were all soldered wires. On
the TAC-2, we made extensive use of IDC ("crimp-on") connectors for ease
of assembly and reliability.
- The ONLY significant deletions from the original TAC are:
- the on-board MMIC L-band RF amplifier.
- The original GSFC-supplied TACs were in a metal box (we used off-the-shelf RS232 "A/B" switch boxes). The TAPR TAC-2 is a kit-form circuit board. You have to provide your own mechanical mounting (for the time being).
- An A/B switch box would work fine as a mounting. Another possibility is that the TAC-2 circuit boards are about the size of a small computer disk drive and the power connection is the same as on a disk drive. TAPR is planning a mounting that would put the TAC-2 in a disk drive bay inside your PC.
Totally Accurate Clock (TAC)
Excerpts from TOTALLY ACCURATE CLOCK ANNOUNCEMENT, Tom Clark, NASA/GSFC (February 2, 1995)
The "TAC" name is supposed to invoke a smile on your face. Many of you remember Heathkit's "Most Accurate Clock" (a WWV receiver) and I see advertisements for VLF clocks (WWVB in USA, DCF77 in Europe) that still use the "Most Accurate Clock" name in their advertising. Since the "TAC" is 3-4 orders of magnitude better than the "Most Accurate Clock" units, the "Totally" name seems warranted (also, TAC are my initials and this was begun as a home project!).
The TAC project began when I was on sabbatical at Onsala when Bernt Ronnang got me an early prototype of a Motorola PVT-6 OEM GPS receiver. In that incarnation, the PVT-6 was pretty disappointing. When I got back home, I had Motorola update the internal firmware and found that its personality had changed completely -- it was now very precise, but it had about a 500 nsec bias. I contacted a friend at Motorola who was involved in the PVT-6 software and he told me that tests at USNO had uncovered the same error. I was added to the "beta" group, got my initial prototype updated with the latest firmware and began more detailed testing. What I then found was that the PVT-6 receiver had the best timing performance I have seen in any small GPS receiver. With a small amount of care in setting it up, it now gives 50 nsec or better RMS timing precision and biases appear to be < 20 nsec.
The TAC project now involves both hardware and software. Let me briefly describe both to you.
The core of the TAC consists of a GPS. Several are going to be supported in the TAC-2 design (Motorola ONCORE, Garmin GPS-20, Trimble SK-8) The circuit board allows these various GPS to be mounted to the board.
The TAC-2 adds a number of desirable features:
- The 1 PPS output signals are buffered through a 74AC04 gate to improve the drive capabilities and to act as a "fuse" to prevent damage to the receiver in case of an operator goof. Up to three independent buffered outputs are provided, and the buffers will drive about +2 to +2.5 volts into a 50 ohm termination. The normal logic polarity is positive going at the epoch time, but this can be inverted if desired by some simple jumpers.
- Up to three open collector 1PPS signals are also available, negative going. Normally these would be used to drive display LEDs, but they can be used for other purposes.
- The add-on board includes an RS232 driver that provides 1 PPS time synchronization to an attached computer. The 1 PPS signal is normally connected to the computer's DCD input.
- The RS232 I/O to the computer is buffered and isolated from the receiver to act as a "fuse" to prevent damage to the expensive receiver in case of an operator goof. An RS232 OR-gate is supplied for the receiver input signal to allow RTCM SC104 Differential GPS signals to be fed to the GPS receiver.
Other Sites and Pages
- ftp://aleph.gsfc.nasa.gov/GPS/totally.accurate.clock
- ftp://bootes.gsfc.nasa.gov/GPS/totally.accurate.clock/
Internal GPS units that will work with the TAC-2
- Garmin GPS-20
- Motorola Oncore VP
Any GPS unit that can provide a 1 PPS output will work with the TAC-2.
GPS System Standard Positioning Service Signal Spec (pdf 1.2Meg)
Annex A, B, & C of GPS Standard Positioning Service Signal Specification (pdf 1.3Meg)
NAVSTAR GPS User Equipment Introduction (pdf 2.4Meg)
Various Motorola Oncore Information
Time Service Department U.S. Naval Observatory
Operating the Motorola GPS Engines In NMEA-0183 Mode McKinney Technology, Doug McKinney (rtf, 20K)
For those of you interested in how GPS rcvrs are made, and more
particularly want more details on the custom chips that are in
the Motorola ONCORE receivers.
Project History
July, 1997
The kit is finished and shipping!June 1st, 1997
Due to a problem with board production, the Dayton HamVention introduction was delayed. The board is back in the shop and we expect to have kits available the end of June. Keep an eye on TAPR-BB for the offical announcement and pricing.
Testing continues and a final production board is nearly completed. Documentation is being completed and will be reviewed by between 3 and 5 people. More information will be presented when the final production kit cost and availability is know. The kit is looking very good. The pictures to the right are (top - component side of the TAC-2) and (underneath - Side view of the TAC-2 with Motorola Oncore-VP mounted underneath).
The project team has the rev-b boards in hand and are building. When docs are written and testing is completed with this round, we will be asking for Beta testers. Details on how to particpate in the beta-testing will be announced in the Winter TAPR PSR (Packet Status Register) and on the TAPR-BB e-mail list. It is expected that a small group of 5-10 people will be asked to particpate in the beta-testing.
November 1996
The project team is reviewing the design of the second alpha board. The second alpha-board will be put into the board shop (3-4 week turn) once everyone feels that it is ready. It is not expected that a beta run will be done until the Spring.
The first alpha boards arrive. Alpha testers installed components and found that they work! Documentation begins. Project teams decides to add functionality and additional components to board. This requires a change in the board layout and a second alpha board run.
September 1996
Purchase of the alpha PCB authorized by the TAPR BoD.
Assembly of the TAC-2 with GPS receiversContent created by Henk Uijterwaal
One of the candidates for the GPS receiver is the TAPR Total Accurate Clock (TAC). This unit uses the Motorola Oncore VP GPS receiver. The unit comes as a kit, on this page you can see the various steps in assembling the kit.
The unassembled kit ready to be soldered together
The assembled kit. The empty positions on the PCB are for other GPS receivers, the red-black cable is the power cable.
The Motorola Oncore GPS receiver (right), ready to be mounted on the TAC unit (left).
The TAC unit (top PCB) with the Motorola (bottom PCB) mounted on it.
The finished unit with the backup battery and all cables, ready to be hooked up to a computer and antenna.
The software that comes with the unit displays the time and position, here is a screen dump made after the unit had been running for a couple of hours. The display shows:
- The local time (14:07:44).
- The location of our office (latitude 52o22.37934 and longitude 4o53.37072), on the bottom left hand side of the screen, and
- The number of satellites from which it receives signals on the right hand side of the screen: 7 satellites are visible, 5 give reliable signals