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Got a car you want the world to see?
Send specs and pix to firstname.lastname@example.com
1958 Corvette
David Semel Saylorsburg, PA
"I always knew someday I wanted to own a Corvette," David Semel says. From his earliest memories there was just something about the intrinsic styling DNA that runs through the Vette lineage that pulled him away from other cars. For many years though, he just couldn't get himself to commit to a generation; C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6—there's just plenty to like about all of them. The early Vettes sure are beautiful, but the late models are fast and handle precisely. What to choose? Then one day at the Corvettes at Carlisle show he ran across a modified C1 with a new frame, C4 suspension, and modern engine, and knew he'd found exactly what he needed. It was timeless styling paired with the technology evolutions of the later Corvettes. Working with Southern Street Rods and Corvettes (SSRC) in Fort Pierce, Florida, a donor C5 Vette was purchased for the suspension and paired with a custom frame built by SSRC. The LS1 was sold in favor of an LS2. As for the body, SSRC procured a severely neglected '58 that sat in a field in Alabama for 20 years. The chassis was completely ruined, but the body was savable. It took two years of hard work by Norm Church and Johnny Cano at SSRC, but the new creation dubbed '58 Redux is the perfect custom Corvette blend that makes David feel like he got exactly what he always wanted.
1994 Mustang GT
Wade Labofish Annapolis, MD
Just because it's your daily beater doesn't mean that you can't have fun with it. Wade Labofish's '94 Mustang currently serves as his A to B, "gotta get me there" ride, but he's still formulating his list of parts to make it as enjoyable as possible. We dig that kind of hot rodding, because it causes your whole focus to shift and moderate itself somewhat. Rather than looking for the highest horsepower or most aggressive parts on the market, daily driver hot rodding becomes more about creating something that's refined and responsible, but still a thrill to drive. Chassis-wise, Wade wants to throw most of the Maximum Motorsports catalog at it to get it faster on freeway on-ramps and through the curves of Summit Point Raceway, while keeping the spring rates livable, of course. Underhood the dependable 5.0 is still performing reliably with over 150K on the clock, but it may not be there too much longer. Wade's putting his pennies aside with an eye toward a Coyote 5.0 swap that'll give him an easy 412 hp, new reliability, and good mileage.
1972 Challenger
Doug & Marie Ousdigian • Chaska, MN
"I have owned many Mopars. My first was a '68 'Cuda," Doug Ousdigian says. We knew right away Doug was a Mopar man through and through. His latest venture is this extra evil '72 Challenger that he and his wife, Marie, purchased in 1995. It originally was B5 blue with a 318. Nice, but a far cry from the beast Doug envisioned it becoming. Since then Doug and Marie have worked on it every winter, slowly transforming it piece by piece. The first year, they built and installed a 360 small-block, drove it on the street, drag raced it, and performed minor upgrades until 2003. After that they decided it was finally time to tear in and go all out with a new 485ci Hemi built by Tim Banning at For Hemis Only. With the help of a .610/.570-inch lift COMP Cams solid-roller cam, Stage V aluminum heads, and Stage V aluminum dual-quad intake, the new Hemi bestowed 742 hp at 6,500 rpm and 650 lb-ft of torque at 5,400 rpm. Getting that grunt to the ground is an A727 TorqueFlite mated to a Mark Williams chrome-moly driveshaft and a Dana 60 with Hi-Torque axles and 3.54 gears. After the power came the shine; the body received a partial restoration in 2005 by Muscle Car Restorations. No word on the quarter-mile times, but Doug and Marie report that the Challenger now consistently receives "First Place in Class" trophies as well as "Best of Show" and a couple Spectator Choice Awards.
1962 Chevy Nova
Lee McClure • Wichita, KS
Lee McClure bought this car about four years ago—right before his second deployment to Iraq. He figured it would give him something to keep his mind busy while being gone. Though he'd had a '64 El Camino as a daily driver for eight years, the Nova felt like his first true hot rod. He even already had a good story; he "wrecked" the Nova a few hours before he bought it while doing the first testdrive. The owner had removed his chrome wheels and put some junk rollers on. Unfortunately, he didn't torque the lug nuts properly and the driver-side front tire passed him while doing about 20 mph. Some minor suspension and body damage, and a long walk back was all that happened, and Lee still bought it. Looking over the smoking 327ci, TH350, skinny tires, and no interior after he dragged it into his shop, the urge to wrench came on strong. What started out to just be a mild build quickly turned into an all-out effort thanks to combat pay, SummitRacing.com, and the guys at Holzman Racing in Wichita, Kansas. Don't feel bad Lee, it's a common contagion around here too. Now the Nova packs a 383ci with 10:1 compression, a TCI frontend with rack-and-pinion steering, manual disc brakes and a line lock, a four-point rollcage, manual valvebody reverse-pattern TH350 with a B&M ratchet shifter, and a shortened 10-bolt rearend with 4.10 posi. That'll have to do for a while; Lee recently got married and now has a 4-year-old stepdaughter. He's also currently stationed in Germany, but getting behind the wheel of the Nova again is giving him plenty to keep his mind occupied.


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In past columns we've established some points about the debate regarding the use of antibiotics in food animals, the anti-agriculture agenda of the Humane Society of the United States and the inaccuracies of the Union of Concerned Scientists' junk-science report. Now more than ever we need you to respond to misleading and agenda-driven journalists and activists.
Here is a list of some additional points to consider:
Fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins are antibiotics used in both veterinary and human medicine for treatment of infectious disease. In animals, they've never been labeled for use in the feed or water for cattle and swine; the earlier approval for use in the water for poultry has been withdrawn. These products also have never been approved for use in animals for improvement in efficiency or rate of gain.
To address the biases and misinformation in the Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production report (read it at http://www.ncifap.org), check out the response from the American Veterinary Medical Association at http://www.avma.org/advocacy/PEWresponse/.
A recent study in the Netherlands found that a new type of methicillin-resistant Staph aureus (MRSA), ST398, is epidemiologically associated with pig and cattle farmers and is said to be >20% of carriage (infection without symptoms) in humans. In the U.S., it's been demonstrated that while some swine workers and veterinarians carry the same strain of MRSA as in swine herds, the strains responsible for community outbreaks are different than those found in food-animal herds. MRSA carriage has been documented in organic production as well.
Press articles and editorials commonly cite the breadth of resistance problems in human medicine, including tuberculosis, malaria, Salmonella, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus (especially faecium) and Staphylococcus species, to name a few. If there are data or reports out there linking animal agriculture to resistance in tuberculosis, malaria and hospital-acquired resistant Staph or Enterococci infections, then I have missed them.
Campylobacter, Salmonella and E. coli should be legitimately investigated and monitored in relation to food-animal use. But even in these cases, laying it all at the feet of animal agriculture is unfounded.
The Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine (FDA/CVM) conducted a risk assessment on the food-animal use of virginiamycin, which is closely related to a drug used in humans for resistant infections. No evidence of an adverse effect could be documented. Risk assessments have also been generated for penicillin, tulathromycin and macrolides (tilmicosin, tylosin), and they have demonstrated negligible risk to human health from these uses. Zero risk, of course, is unobtainable.
The withdrawal of the original FDA/CVM rule on banning extra-label use of cephalosporins is frequently cited as an example of big agriculture pressuring the government to back off from doing the right thing. Our system is designed to work by putting out a proposed rule and collecting comments, after which the rule is then implemented, discarded, or withdrawn for further consideration. Regarding the fate of extra-label use of cephalosporins, the FDA/CVM has stated that many substantive comments were received, and the agency is currently revising the rule for implementation.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has a report of food-borne illness on its website, where you can compare 2008 FoodNet data to 1996-1998 data.
Salmonella is the number-one food-borne pathogen in the U.S., with an incidence that was unchanged over that study period. However, Campylobacter is down 32%, Shigella down 40%, E. coli O157:H7 down 25%, Yersinia down 48%, and Listeria down 36%. Vibrio actually rose 47%, and the cryptosporidium rate was unchanged.
Please remember, don't let shining the light on some common misconceptions and falsehoods discredit the entire argument that antibiotic use in animal agriculture should be closely evaluated and watched. But, as an industry, we need to respond to activist, drive-by journalists and those who mindlessly repeat their drivel.
Mike Apley, DVM, PhD, is a professor in clinical sciences at Kansas State University in Manhattan.

subset: commoncrawl


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Take EWTN Radio Network along with you! Grab a complete printer-friendly version list of affiliates here You can also hear your favorite programs on Sirius Satellite Radio, Channel 130.
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The husband and wife team of Jim and Joy Pinto bring a wealth of "on the job training" to marriage and family issues. Tune in and call in every Monday afternoon!
EWTN Document Library
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1. Sagrada Familia with Skip-the-Line
From $ 25.7
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Explore the Basilica of the Sagrada Familia on this 2-hour tour! Sagrada Familia is Gaudi's unfinished masterpiece and one of the most visited buildings in the world. Together with your guide you get to skip the hour-long lines and spend your time discovering this architectural gem!
- Enjoy a 2-hour guided tour of Sagrada Familia
- Avoid the long lines with your guide
- Visit the Sagrada Familia Museum
- Learn about Antoni Gaudi and the incredible church
Explore Gaudi's Masterpiece
On this tour to Sagrada Familia, you'll get the chance to explore the beautiful church from the inside and admire the astonishing interior, where ceiling reaches seventy meters. Antoni Gaudi designed the interior as a Latin cross plan with five aisles, richly and symbolically decorated.
You'll also visit the Sagrada Familia museum, where you will see drawings, plaster models, and pictures about the history and development of this basilica from its early beginning to the present day. At the museum, you'll learn much more about Antoni Gaud's life and career.
The tour is operated in English and another language.
How do I get my tickets?
Shortly after your booking is complete your e-ticket will be sent directly to your email, just print it out and bring it with you on your tour.
Where does the tour begin?
The tour starts at Julia Travel Office. The address will be on your e-ticket. Please be there 15 minutes before the tour starts.
Where does the tour end?
The tour ends at Sagrada Familia.
How long does the tour last?
The tour lasts 2 hours.
Is there a dress code?
Yes, you cannot wear tank tops, strapless shirts, short shorts or sandals inside Sagrada Familia.
Are there children's tickets?
Yes, children's tickets are available for children between age 4-10. Children under age 4 are free when accompanied by a paying adult.
Instant confirmation
Mobile voucher accepted
Print out voucher
Save time – Skip the line
Running Time: 2 hours
Guided tour to Sagrada Familia
Carrer de Sardenya, 311 08025 Barcelona


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Initial 'Career Cab' Is A Rousing SuccessSOCORRO, N.M. April 23, 2012– The Career Services Office staged its first "Career Cab" event on Wednesday, ferrying students across campus and quizzing them about careers, resumes, interviews and campus services.
About 70 students got rides over a four hour period – and some faculty and a couple visiting firefighters. Everyone one got a prize, which included water bottles, T-shirts, cups and ear buds.
Anthony said the event was a lot of fun and a good way to promote the Career Services offerings. She thanked students Aaron Ramirez and Brenna Arredondo for their work on the Career Cab, which was based on the popular TV show, "Cash Cab."
"Most students were reasonably well informed and most knew what the Career Cab was all about," Anthony said. "But some others didn't know we existed."
The office offers assistance in resume writing and interview skills. The office also maintains the Career Connect web database, which lists job openings, internships and co-ops that are available to Tech students.
The Career Services Office hosts a Career Fair in the fall and in the spring semesters. They also presented the first Etiquette and Fashion Dinner earlier this spring.
Anthony, who started in the position last fall, said she hopes to continue to offer services that cater to the needs of Tech's engineering and science community.
By Thomas Guengerich/New Mexico Tech


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Today, Microsoft is making another effort to woo developers to Windows Phone, especially for those who are novices or who are located in emerging markets.
The latest change is two-fold and involves new online software for developers and a more lenient unlocking policy to sideload apps.The effort is to make it easier for developers to jump on board Windows Phone by lowering the cost and barrier to entry.
Windows Phone App Studio beta
App Studio is a web-based app creation tool that will allow developers to quickly write and publish an app to the Store "in just four easy steps". Developers will merely have to supply the information (or point the app towards it) and by using prefabricated templates, developers can quickly make a Modern UI app with data collection hosted for them in the clouds. Live Tile support is also enabled in this initial release and the tools are optimized for Internet Explorer 10.
In short, it's meant as an alternative to Visual Studio, which is geared towards the more seasoned developer. Another usage for the web service is for experienced developers to quickly prototype an app, then export the code to Visual Studio for more advanced work.
Revised device unlock policy
Starting today, any non-registered developer will be able to unlock one device and side load up to two applications without the need to register or pay a fee (e.g. the typical $99 Dev Center registration). Once again, the change is to help facilitate new developers or for those who cannot afford the advanced tools.
In addition, we suppose this could also assist in the creation of more homebrew apps since in theory, any one of you can now unlock one phone and load up to two non-approved apps. That could be an interesting advancement for Windows Phone, one that we'll be watching closely.
More information can be found at the Windows Phone Developer Blog or by heading to the Windows Phone App Studio beta page: http://apps.windowsstore.com/default.htm
Reminder: If you're already not part of the Dev Center, you can register now for just $19 USD instead of the usual $99. That offer will expire by August 27th, so don't forget!


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In Reply Refer To: March 26, 2009
Mail Stop 411
Subject: GROUNDWATER: Ground water versus groundwater
It has been a longstanding practice within the USGS to spell ground water as two words and to hyphenate when ground water is used as a modifier (e.g., ground-water hydrology). Ground Water Branch Technical Memorandum 75.03 ( http://water.usgs.gov/admin/memo/GW/gw75.03.html) issued just under 35 years ago specified that the two-word form should be used.
Language evolves, and it is clear that the one-word spelling of groundwater has become the preferred usage both nationally and internationally. The one-word spelling has been used by the Merriam-Webster online dictionary since 1998. Most water-resources publications also use the one-word spelling, as do many technical groups, such as the National Research Council. With the emphasis on interdisciplinary science, many USGS scientists who are not specialists in the field commonly use the one-word form, as increasingly do many hydrologists within the Water Resources Discipline.
The term surface water has not seen the same language simplification that has occurred with the term groundwater. Surface water continues in the English language universally spelled as two words. Use of the two terms together spelled as groundwater and surface water has become common usage.
With this memorandum, we are making a transition to the use of groundwater as one word in USGS. Changeover to use of the one-word spelling in our publications and web sites will be accomplished as seamlessly as possible. Reports in preparation should be converted to the one-word spelling where this does not require a special effort. Reports submitted for approval after August 1, 2009, will be expected to use the one-word form. During this transition period, the one-word or two-word spelling should be used consistently throughout a publication.
William M. Alley
Chief, Office of Groundwater
This memorandum supersedes Ground Water Branch Technical Memorandum No. 75.03
Help Me Reach 12 on the Manly Scale of Absolute Gender
Thursday, April 02, 2009
Jimmy Carter's Greatest Wrong Finally Righted
7 comments:
Since the original memo dates from August 22nd, 1974, what drags Carter's name into this? Seems to me it would be a Ford thing, and thus probably related to the cause of the automaker's recent decline in fortunes. Q.E.D.ReplyDelete
General, Sir:ReplyDelete
I know how Mr. Alley feels. I'm constantly embarrassed and left feeling inadequate when corresponding with my legislators. I can never get it straight. Is it:
"I fear that you are seriously mistaken, sir, re: the instant situation"
"You're completely full of bullshit, you lying sackofshit fuckface" ?
Thank God they straightened out this ongoing travesty.ReplyDelete
Next week they're issuing a memorandum declaring that it is no longer necessary to capitalize Internet, hyphenate e-mail, or spell out World Wide Web.
Bongwater or bong water?ReplyDelete
I'm reminded of a running joke in the Bob & Ray book Write if You Get Work, in which a memo from a government office goes on about how groundhog meat should really be read as ground hog meat, which should be referred to as sausage.ReplyDelete
Ha. Ha. Ha. Now that you know how us copy editors spend our sad, sad little lives, maybe you'll be a bit more forgiving of our excessive drinking and drunken tantrums over the misuse of its vs it's.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous10:04 AM
This reminds me of a story I heard on NPR after Stephen Harper was elected prime minister in Canada. A government geologist in British Columbia was disciplined for failing to use the phrase "the New Government of Canada" in internal memos. Instead, he just used the phrase, "Canadian government." Talk about a Bozo no-no.ReplyDelete
So, never underestimate the pettiness of petty bureaucrats.


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Buzzer Beaters: Top Sports Stories for January 16
As you may have heard by now, Lance Armstrong sat down with Oprah Winfrey for a two-and-a-half-hour interview on Monday where he admitted to using performance-enhancing drugs during his seven-year run as champion of the Tour de France. The interview will air on Winfrey's OWN network on Thursday and Friday nights. [ABC]
The San Diego Chargers have hired former Denver Broncos offensive coordinator Mike McCoy as their next head coach. The Broncos had the NFL's fourth-ranked offense this season, considerably higher than the Chargers, who came in at number 31. [L.A. Times]
Coming off their disastrous ninth-inning collapse in Game 5 of the NLDS last year, the Washington Nationals got some bullpen help, signing free agent Rafael Soriano to a two-year, $28 million dollar deal. [Sports Illustrated]
Sacramento mayor and former NBA all-star Kevin Johnson is doing his best to keep the Kings in California's capital, announcing that he will present a counteroffer to the league in the hopes of preventing the franchise from moving to Seattle. [ESPN]
And in case you missed it, Peruvian goalkeeper Angelo Campos made what is probably the save of the year in Peru's under-20 match against Uruguay—and then had to make another save immediately after. [GuySpeed]


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Cake Mixer
The planetary mixer comes in a number of sizes, from 5 quart countertop pieces to 20 quart workhorses. They're available with a number of special features that can make life simpler, including automatic bowl lifts, soft start programs, and motors that let you change speeds without having to stop the mixer. An attachment hub can greatly expand your mixer's uses, powering everything from meat grinders to vegetable slicers.


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Mumbai, formerly Bombay, city, capital of Maharashtra state, southwestern India. It is the country's financial and commercial centre and its principal port on the Arabian Sea.
Located on Maharashtra's coast, Mumbai is India's most-populous city, and it is one of the largest and most densely populated urban areas in the world. It was built on a site of ancient settlement, and it took its name from the local goddess Mumba—a form of Parvati, the consort of Shiva, one of the principal deities of Hinduism—whose temple once stood in what is now the southeastern section of the city. It became known as Bombay during the British colonial period, the name possibly an Anglicized corruption of Mumbai or perhaps of Bom Baim ("Good Harbour"), supposedly a Portuguese name for the locale. The name Mumbai was restored officially in 1995, although Bombay remained in common usage.
Mumbai, long the centre of India's cotton textile industry, subsequently developed a highly diversified manufacturing sector that included an increasingly important information technology (IT) component. In addition, the city's commercial and financial institutions are strong and vigorous, and Mumbai serves as the country's financial hub. It suffers, however, from some of the perennial problems of many large expanding industrial cities: air and water pollution, widespread areas of substandard housing, and overcrowding. The last problem is exacerbated by the physical limits of the city's island location. Area about 239 square miles (619 square km). Pop. (2001) 11,978,450; urban agglom., 16,434,386; (2011) 12,478,447; urban agglom., 18,414,288.
City site
The city of Mumbai occupies a peninsular site on Bombay Island, a landmass originally composed of seven islets lying off the Konkan coast of western India. Since the 17th century the islets have been joined through drainage and reclamation projects, as well as through the construction of causeways and breakwaters, to form Bombay Island. East of the island are the sheltered waters of Mumbai (Bombay) Harbour. Bombay Island consists of a low-lying plain, about one-fourth of which lies below sea level; the plain is flanked on the east and west by two parallel ridges of low hills. Colaba Point, the headland formed on the extreme south by the longer of those ridges, protects Mumbai Harbour from the open sea.
The western ridge terminates at Malabar Hill, which, rising 180 feet (55 metres) above sea level, is one of the highest points in Mumbai. Between Colaba Point and Malabar Hill lies the shallow expanse of Back Bay. On a slightly raised strip of land between the head of Back Bay and the harbour is an area called the Fort, the site of the 17th-century British fortifications (little of which remains standing) within and around which the city grew; the area is now occupied chiefly by public and commercial offices. From Back Bay the land stretches northward to the central plain. The extreme northern segment of Mumbai is occupied by a large salt marsh.
The old city covered about 26 square miles (67 square km), stretching from Colaba Point on the southern tip of Bombay Island to the areas known as Mahim and Sion on its northern coast. In 1950 Mumbai expanded northward, embracing the large island of Salsette, which was joined to Bombay Island by a causeway. By 1957 a number of suburban municipal boroughs and some neighbouring villages on Salsette were incorporated into Greater Mumbai—the metropolitan region surrounding Bombay Island and the city itself. Since then Greater Mumbai has continued to expand.
The natural beauty of Mumbai is unsurpassed by that of most other cities in the region. The entrance into Mumbai Harbour from the sea discloses a magnificent panorama framed by the Western Ghats mountain range on the mainland. The wide harbour, studded with islands and dotted with the white sails of innumerable small craft, affords secure shelter to ships, particularly when storms lash the coast. The largest of the harbour's islands is Elephanta, which is famous for its 8th- and 9th-century Hindu cave temples.
Typical trees in the city include coconut palms, mango trees, tamarinds, and banyan trees. Salsette Island was once the haunt of wild animals such as tigers, leopards, jackals, and deer, but those are no longer found there. Animal life now consists of cows, oxen, sheep, goats, and other domestic species, as well as monkeys. Birdlife includes vultures, pigeons, peacocks, cranes, and ducks.
The climate of Mumbai is warm and humid. There are four seasons. Cool weather prevails from December to February and hot weather from March to May. The rainy season, brought by monsoon winds from the southwest, lasts from June to September and is followed by the post-monsoon season, lasting through October and November, when the weather is again hot. Mean monthly temperatures vary from 91 °F (33 °C) in May to 67 °F (19 °C) in January. Annual rainfall is about 70 inches (1,800 mm), with an average of 24 inches (600 mm) occurring in July alone.
City layout
The older part of Mumbai is much built-up and devoid of vegetation, but the more affluent areas, such as Malabar Hill, contain some greenery; there are a number of open playgrounds and parks. In the course of urban expansion, some residential sections of Mumbai have fallen into a state of serious disrepair, while in other areas clusters of makeshift houses (often illegal "squatter" settlements) have arisen to accommodate the city's expanding population. Moreover, an alarming amount of air and water pollution has been generated by Mumbai's many factories, by the growing volume of vehicular traffic, and by nearby oil refineries.
The financial district is located in the southern part of the city, in the Fort area. Farther south (around Colaba) and to the west along the Back Bay coast and on Malabar Hill are residential neighbourhoods. To the north of the Fort is the principal business district, which gradually merges into a commercial-residential area. Most of the older factories are located in that part of the city. Still farther north are more residential areas, and beyond them are newer industrial zones as well as some squatter districts and other areas of overcrowded and poorly maintained housing.
Housing is largely privately owned, though there is some public housing built by the government through publicly funded corporations or by private cooperatives with public funds. Mumbai is extremely crowded, and housing is scarce for anyone who is not wealthy. (For that reason, commercial and industrial enterprises have found it increasingly difficult to attract mid-level professional, technical, or managerial staff.) In an attempt to stem the ongoing immigration of unskilled labour that has increased the city's indigent and homeless population, city planners have encouraged enterprises to locate across Mumbai Harbour—notably in Navi ("New") Mumbai—and have banned the development and expansion of industrial units inside the city; their efforts, however, have been largely unsuccessful.
Mumbai's architecture is a mixture of florid Gothic Revival styles—characteristic of the United States and Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries—and contemporary designs. Many residential and commercial buildings constructed in the Gothic Victorian style during the period of British rule still stand today—most notably the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus), the city's main train station and headquarters of India's Central Railway company. The older administrative and commercial buildings are intermingled with skyscrapers and multistoried concrete-block buildings.
Mumbai's growth since the 1940s has been steady if not phenomenal. At the turn of the 20th century its population was some 850,000, by 1950 it had more than doubled, and over the next 50 years it increased nearly 10-fold to exceed 16 million. Population growth continued into the 21st century. The city's birth rate is much lower than that of the country as a whole because of family-planning programs. The high overall growth rate is largely attributable to the influx of people in search of employment. Because of the limited physical expanse of the city, the growth in Mumbai's population has been accompanied by an astounding increase in population density. By the early 21st century the city had reached an average of some 77,000 persons per square mile (29,500 per square km). Settlement is especially dense in much of the city's older section; the wealthy areas near Back Bay are less heavily populated.
The city is truly cosmopolitan, and representatives of almost every religion and region of the world can be found there. Almost half the population is Hindu. Significant religious minorities include Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs, Zoroastrians, and Jews. Almost every Indian language and many foreign languages are spoken in Mumbai. Marathi, the state language, is the dominant Indian language, followed by Gujarati, Hindi, and Bengali (Bangla). Other languages include Pashto, Arabic, Chinese, English, and Urdu.
Mumbai is the economic hub and commercial and financial centre of India. Its economic composition in some respects mirrors India's unique mosaic of prosperity and technological achievement vis-à-vis impoverishment and underdevelopment. While Mumbai contains the Indian Atomic Energy Commission's establishment, with its nuclear reactors and plutonium separators, many areas on the outskirts of the city continue to rely on traditional biogenic sources of fuel and energy (such as cow dung).
Manufacturing and technology
Although cotton textile manufacturing, through which Mumbai prospered in the 19th century, remains important to the city's economy, it has lost much ground to newer industries, especially since the late 20th century. Production of metals, chemicals, automobiles, and electronics along with a host of ancillary industries are now among the city's major enterprises. Other manufacturing activities, such as food processing, papermaking, printing, and publishing, also are significant sources of income and employment.
After years of lagging behind cities such as Bengaluru (Bangalore) and Hyderabad, Mumbai began developing its own information technology (IT) sector in the late 20th century. Technology companies were encouraged to move especially to the northern and eastern suburbs, drawn there by improvements in infrastructure and low rents. Of note are a special economic zone set up in the northern part of the city in 2000 and facilities for IT companies in Navi Mumbai.
Finance and other services
The Reserve Bank of India, the country's central bank, is located in Mumbai. A number of other commercial banks, a government-owned life insurance corporation, and various long-term investment financial institutions also are based in the city. All of those institutions have attracted major financial and business services to Mumbai.
The Bombay Stock Exchange is the country's leading stock and share market. Although a number of economic hubs sprang up around the country since independence and reduced the exchange's pre-independence stature, it remains the preeminent centre in volume of financial and other business transacted and serves as a barometer of the country's economy.
Mumbai is connected by a network of roads to the rest of India. It is the railhead for the Western and Central railways, and trains from the city carry goods and passengers to all parts of the country.
During the early 1970s, in an effort to relieve road congestion, Salsette Island was linked to the mainland by a bridge across Thana Creek, the headwaters of Mumbai Harbour. More express highways and more bridges have been built since then. Notable additions to the road network are the Banda-Worli Sea Link (opened 2009), which bridges Mahim Bay on the west side of the city, and a new expressway between eastern Mumbai and Navi Mumbai (opened 2014) that supersedes the earlier Thana Creek bridge.
Air traffic is handled by Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport in the northern part of the city. It consists of two terminals—domestic and international—which are about 3 miles (5 km) apart on either side of the runway system. A new international terminal opened in 2014, replacing an older facility. Mumbai is one of two principal air hubs in India—the other being Delhi—and handles most of the country's international flights and a large proportion of its domestic service.
The facilities provided by the city's harbour make Mumbai India's principal western port. Although other major ports have sprung up on the west coast—Kandla, in the state of Gujarat, to the north; Marmagao, in the state of Goa, to the south; and Kochi (Cochin), in the state of Kerala, farther south—Mumbai still handles a significant portion of India's maritime trade. The original port on the east side of Bombay Island was supplemented in 1989 by the opening of a large facility in Navi Bombay that handles containers and bulk liquid cargoes.
Suburban electric train systems provide the main public transportation, conveying hundreds of thousands of commuters within the metropolitan region daily. There are also thousands of taxis and auto-rickshaws fueled by liquid petroleum gas, which are identifiable by their iconic black-and-yellow painted bodies. In addition, a municipally owned bus fleet operates throughout the inner city and in parts of Navi Mumbai and Thane. Those services have been supplemented by a rapid-transit train system, the first line of which opened in 2014. The first portion of a monorail line in the city also began operating in 2014.
Administration and society
As the capital of Maharashtra state, the city is an integral political division of the state government, the headquarters of which are called the Mantralaya. The state administers Mumbai's police force and has administrative control over certain city departments. The central Indian government controls communication and transportation infrastructure, including the postal service, the railways, the port, and the airport. Mumbai is the headquarters of India's western naval fleet and the base for the Indian flagship, INS Mumbai.
The government of the city is vested in the fully autonomous Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM). Its legislative body is elected on adult franchise every four years and functions through its various standing committees. The chief executive, who is appointed every three years by the state government, is the municipal commissioner. The mayor is annually elected by the MCGM; the mayor presides over corporation meetings and enjoys the highest honour in the city but has no real administrative authority.
Municipal services
The manifold functions of the city government include the provision or maintenance of medical services, education, water supply, fire services, garbage disposal, markets, gardens, and engineering projects such as drainage development and the improvement of roads and street lighting. The MCGM operates the transport system inside the city and the supply of electricity as public utilities. After obtaining electric energy from a grid system supplied by publicly and privately owned agencies, the MCGM ensures that it is distributed throughout the city. The water supply, also maintained by the municipality, comes largely from Tansa Lake, in the adjoining Thane district of Maharashtra, and secondarily from the Vaitarna River and from Tulsi and Vehar lakes in Mumbai.
Mumbai has more than 100 hospitals, including those run by federal, state, or city authorities and a number of specialized institutions treating tuberculosis, cancer, and heart disease. In addition, there are a number of prominent private hospitals. Also located in Mumbai is the Haffkine Institute, a leading bacteriologic research centre specializing in tropical diseases.
Mumbai's literacy rate is much higher than that of the country as a whole. Primary education is free and compulsory; it is the responsibility of the MCGM. Secondary education is provided largely by public schools that are supervised by the state government, as well as by several independently run private schools for students whose families can afford them. There also are public and private polytechnic institutes and institutions offering students a variety of degree and diploma courses in mechanical, electrical, and chemical engineering. The Indian Institute of Technology, operated by the central government, is located in the city. The University of Mumbai, established in 1857, has more than 100 constituent colleges and more than two dozen teaching departments. Several colleges in the state of Goa are affiliated with the university.
Cultural life
Mumbai's cultural life reflects its ethnically diverse population. The city has a number of museums, libraries, literary organizations, art galleries, theatres, and other cultural institutions. The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (formerly the Prince of Wales Museum of Western India), housed in a building that is a British architectural mixture of Hindu and Muslim styles, contains three main sections: art, archaeology, and natural history. Nearby is the Jehangir Art Gallery, Mumbai's first permanent art gallery and a centre for cultural and educational activities. Western and Indian music concerts, festivals, and dance productions are held throughout the year in the city's many cultural and entertainment facilities. Mumbai also is the centre of the enormous Indian film industry, known as Bollywood, the name derived from an amalgamation of Bombay (the city's former name) and Hollywood.
The Fort area is home to two of Mumbai's most-renowned landmarks. The first, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, opened in the late 1880s after a decade of construction. It was designed by the British architectural engineer F.W. Stevens and built in the Victorian Gothic Revival style in a manner that recalled a traditional Indian palace. The terminal was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2004. The second structure, the Gateway of India, was dedicated in 1924, built to commemorate the visit of King George V and Queen Mary to the city. It overlooks Mumbai Harbour and consists of a large arch with a central dome, which is supported by four intricately decorated turrets. Both buildings are popular attractions for local and foreign tourists.
Krishnagiri Forest, a national park in the northern part of metropolitan Mumbai, is a pleasant vacation resort located near the Kanheri Caves; the caves, numbering more than 100, were the site of an ancient Buddhist university and contain gigantic Buddhist sculptures dating from the 2nd to the 9th century bce. There are several public gardens, including the Jijamata Udyan, which houses Mumbai's zoo in the city proper; the Baptista Garden, located on a water reservoir, also in the centre of the city; and the Pherozeshah Mehta Gardens (popularly called "Hanging Gardens") and the Kamala Nehru Park, both on Malabar Hill. The cave temples on Elephanta Island were designated a World Heritage site in 1987.
Sports enjoy a broad following in Mumbai. Cricket matches, which are popular throughout India, are played at Wankhede Stadium and Brabourne Stadium, the latter of which is the headquarters and main pitch of the Cricket Club of India. Football (soccer) is also highly popular in Mumbai, and matches are played at Cooperage Football Ground in the Fort area. Athletic and cycling track events attract many enthusiasts. Juhu and Chowpatty beaches are popular areas for bathing and swimming.
Mumbai is an important centre for the Indian printing industry and has a vigorous press. Daily newspapers are printed in English, Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati, Urdu, and other languages. Several monthlies, biweeklies, and weeklies also are published in the city. The regional station of All-India Radio is centred in Mumbai. Television services for the city began in 1972.
The Koli, an aboriginal tribe of fishermen, were the earliest known inhabitants of present-day Mumbai, though Paleolithic stone implements found at Kandivli, in Greater Mumbai, indicate that the area has been inhabited by humans for hundreds of thousands of years. The city was a centre of maritime trade with Persia and Egypt in 1000 bce. It was part of Ashoka's empire in the 3rd century bce, and in the 2nd century ce it was known as Heptanesia to Ptolemy, the ancient Egyptian astronomer and geographer of Greek descent.
The city was ruled in the 6th–8th century by the Chalukyas, who left their mark on Elephanta Island (Gharapuri). The Walkeswar Temple at Malabar Point was probably built during the rule of Shilahara chiefs from the Konkan coast (9th–13th century). Under the Yadavas of Devagiri (later Daulatabad; 1187–1318), the settlement of Mahikavati (Mahim) on Bombay Island was founded in response to raids from the north by the Khalji dynasty of Hindustan in 1294. Descendants of the Yadavas are found in contemporary Mumbai, and most of the place-names on the island date from that era.
In 1348 the island was conquered by invading Muslim forces and became part of the kingdom of Gujarat. A Portuguese attempt to conquer Mahim failed in 1507, but in 1534 Sultan Bahādur Shah, the ruler of Gujarat, ceded the island to the Portuguese. In 1661 it came under British control as part of the marriage settlement between King Charles II and Catherine of Braganza, sister of the king of Portugal. The crown ceded it to the East India Company in 1668.
At first, compared with Calcutta (now Kolkata) and Madras (now Chennai), Bombay—as it was called by the British—was not a great asset to the company but merely helped it keep a toehold on the west coast. On the mainland the Mughals in the north, the Marathas (under the venerated leader Chhatrapati Shivaji) in the area surrounding and stretching eastward from Bombay, and the territorial princes in Gujarat to the northwest were more powerful. Even British naval power was no match for the Mughals, Marathas, Portuguese, and Dutch, all of whom had interests in the region. By the turn of the 19th century, however, external events helped stimulate the growth of the city. The decay of Mughal power in Delhi, the Mughal-Maratha rivalries, and the instability in Gujarat drove artisans and merchants to the islands for refuge, and Bombay began to grow. With the destruction of Maratha power, trade and communications to the mainland were established, existing connections to Europe were extended, and Bombay began to prosper.
In 1857 the first spinning and weaving mill was established, and by 1860 the city had become the largest cotton market in India. The American Civil War (1861–65) and the resulting cutoff of cotton supplies to Britain caused a great trade boom in Bombay. But, with the end of the Civil War, cotton prices crashed and the bubble burst. By that time, though, the hinterland had been opened, and Bombay had become a strong centre of import trade. The opening in 1869 of the Suez Canal, which greatly facilitated trade with Britain and continental Europe, also contributed to Bombay's prosperity.
Yet, as the population increased, unkempt, overcrowded, and unsanitary conditions became more widespread. Plague, for example, broke out in 1896. In response to those problems, the City Improvement Trust was established to open new localities for settlement and to erect dwellings for the artisan classes. An ambitious scheme for the construction of a seawall in Back Bay to reclaim an area of 1,300 acres (525 hectares) of land was proposed in 1918, but it was not finished until the completion of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Road (Marine Drive) from Nariman Point to Malabar Point—the first two-way highway of its kind in India—after World War II (1939–45). In the postwar years the development of residential quarters in suburban areas was begun, and the administration of Bombay city through a municipal corporation was extended to the suburbs of Greater Bombay.
Under the British, the city had served as the capital of Bombay Presidency (administrative province), and during the late 19th and early 20th centuries it was a centre of both Indian nationalist and South Asian regional political activity. In 1885 the first session of the Indian National Congress (Congress Party; a focus of both pro-Indian and anti-British sentiment until independence) was held in the city, where subsequently, at its 1942 session, the Congress Party passed the "Quit India" resolution, which demanded complete independence for India. Although that initiative was crushed by the British, India did achieve independence in 1947.
From 1956 until 1960 Bombay was the scene of intense Maratha protests against the two-language (Marathi-Gujarati) makeup of Bombay state (of which Bombay remained the capital), a legacy of British imperialism. Those protests led to the state's partition into the modern states of Gujarat and Maharashtra in 1960, and Bombay was made the capital of Maharashtra that year.Chakravarthi Raghavan
The destruction of the Babri Masjid ("Mosque of Bābur") in Ayodhya in December 1992 sparked sectarian rioting in Bombay and throughout India that lasted into early 1993 and caused the deaths of hundreds of people. A few years later the city changed its name to Mumbai, the Marathi name for the city. In the early 21st century Mumbai experienced a number of terrorist attacks. Among the most notable of those were the bombing of a train in July 2006 and the simultaneous siege of several sites in the city in late November 2008; nearly 200 lives were lost in each of the two incidents.
Mumbai continued to grow and prosper in the 21st century, in large part because of advances in the technology sector. By the second decade of the century the population of Greater Mumbai was approaching 20 million. The city's infrastructure was improved considerably with the construction of new highways and bridges, expansion of port facilities, and the inauguration of new public-transit systems. Overcrowding, traffic congestion, environmental pollution, and widespread poverty, however, remained major ongoing problems.The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
MaharashtraMaharashtra's capital, Mumbai (formerly Bombay), is an island city on the western coast, connected to the mainland by roads and railways. Aptly called the gateway of India, Maharashtra is one of India's biggest commercial and industrial centres, and it has played a significant role in the country's…
India: The British, 1600–1740…was the island port of Bombay (now Mumbai); although independently held, its trade was small because the Marathas, soon locked in combat with the Mughals, held the hinterland.…
India: The postwar years…station and taken back to Bombay by orders of Punjab's lieutenant governor, Sir Michael O'Dwyer. On April 10, Kichloo and Satyapal were arrested in Amritsar and deported from the district by Deputy Commissioner Miles Irving. When their followers tried to march to Irving's bungalow in the camp to demand the…
India: Government and politics…1960, the enlarged state of Bombay was divided into Marathi-speaking Maharashtra and Gujarati-speaking Gujarat. Despite those changes, the difficult process of reorganization continued and demanded attention in many regions of the subcontinent, whose truly "continental" character was perhaps best seen in this ongoing linguistic agitation. Among the most difficult problems…
India…cosmopolitan cities in the world—Mumbai (Bombay), Kolkata (Calcutta), and Delhi. Three other Indian cities—Bengaluru (Bangalore), Chennai (Madras), and Hyderabad—are among the world's fastest-growing high-technology centres, and most of the world's major information technology and software companies now have offices in India.…
More About Mumbai15 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- major reference
- In Maharashtra
- governorship of Northcote of Exeter
- history of India
- importance to India
- In India
- physical and human geography
- school of social work


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RTLs are quite simple - a solitary RTL is just a single abstract machine instruction. A sequence of RTLs might look like so:
An RTL must specify a simple property - the machine invariant, which states that any RTL maps to a single instruction on the target machine.
t[1] := reg[12]
t[2] := mem[8] * reg[0]
t[3] := t[1] + reg[3]
t[4] := t[2] * 10
The compilation process is like so, the input language (for example, C--, GRIN or any AST for that matter) is taken and fed to the code expander which takes the input AST and generates a simple sequence of RTLs representing the AST - no attention at this point is paid to the generated code, and this keeps the code expander's job simple and easy. The code expander, however is a machine-dependent part of the backend - it requires knowledge of the target machine so that it may establish the machine invariant.
After expansion, the code is subsequently optimized using e.g peephole optimization, constant subexpression elimination and dead code elimination. These optimizer parts are machine independent. Every optimization must make sure it does not violate the machine invariant.
After optimization, we perform the task of code emission, it being the only other machine-dependent part of the compiler.
In application to LHC, it is quite obvious a new backend is necessary. I believe this compilation method is applicable and preferable. Combined with whole program analysis, and my plans for a small and simple as possible runtime, this makes the compiler easier to retarget, and I wish for LHC to be a cross-compiler as well. It's obvious C is not the way to go, so minimizing burden on retargeting seems like a good strategy. My inevitable plans are for you to be able to take a haskell application, use LHC to compile it and get nice ASM code for whatever architecture you wish.
The overall structure of the new backend I am thinking of is something like this (drawn very badly using Project Draw):
We will perform as many optimizations as possible on the whole-program while it is in GRIN form, leaving the backend to do the task of peephole optimization/DCE/etc. in a machine-independent way, and then emit assembly code.
On the note of the implementing an optimization engine for which to perform these operations, the approach described in An Applicative Control-flow Graph based on Huet's Zipper seems promising as well. Garbage collection as well needs definite addressing before we can get LHC to compile truly serious programs; this will take a little more time to think and talk about with David. Eventually, we may even look into using Joao Dias' thesis research to automatically generate compiler backends, like I believe GHC HQ wants to do.


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Friday frolic: Movers and shakers at McGuffey
Come the first Friday evening of every month, and the McGuffey Center is abuzz with arts enthusiasts. The local artist co-op stays open late for visitors to wander into studios and galleries and talk with painters, sculptors, photographers, dancers, and performers of every stripe while sipping wine or punch and nibbling crackers.
On February 7, the Miki Liszt Dance Company, one of the Center's resident artist groups, will provide a movement exhibition featuring two local dancer/choreographers, Lauren Spivey and Bridget Mitchell. Drop in and observe, hang around and ask a few questions, or offer your impression of the performance. It's your chance to meet the artists and find out more about their work.
The Miki Liszt Dance Company performs locally, conducts workshops with guest artists, and offers lectures and demonstrations in nursing homes, schools, hospitals, libraries, and museums. Its mission is to expose audiences to new currents in dance performance while giving regional dancers the opportunity to create and perform new work. The company also sponsors the annual Community Children's Dance Festival in the spring.
Dancer Bridget Mitchell is often seen around Charlottesville kicking up stage dust in musical revues that highlight her jazz moves and singing voice. She switches genres for her appearance at McGuffey, where she will perform three short pieces with a modern dance sensibility–the first to a sensual Renaissance instrumental, the second to a folk spiritual sung live by the group "Love Spirit." The third is a theater-dance piece, a kinesthetic monologue expressing the trials of forging ahead emotionally and artistically while remaining grounded in the everyday responsibilities of family life.
Lauren Spivey will perform her latest piece, "Water Falls in Wanderlust," with fellow dancers Risa Golubuff and Aaron Wine. A recent graduate of James Madison University, where she studied dance and philosophy, Spivey has an affinity for improvisation and contact improv. The buckets she used to collect water in her shower during the recent drought initially inspired "Water Falls." In it the dancers explore the ideas of rain, rivers, and airplanes through both choreographed movement and structured improvisation.
Plan ahead for a Friday night outing to take in all the McGuffey Center has to offer, and be sure to stop by for a little exploration of modern movement with Miki Liszt's dancers.
Mitchell and Spivey perform Friday, February 7, at 7pm in Studio #20 at the McGuffey Art Center, 201 Second St. NW. $4 at the door. 973-3744.


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This semester is looking to be a doozy. I've taken on a few programs that happen in the next couple of weeks, launched a student advisory committee, and taken on social media for the Knowledge Center. All in addition to my liaison and instruction duties to my (growing) departments and a severe need to get my research agenda kicked into high gear (there's a data survey that needs to be finalized and IRB'ed, and an article about outreach that needs to get out of my head and onto paper, and submitted somewhere before Dec. 31). In addition, I go to ICPSR bootcamp in a few weeks, and have two programs at Internet Librarian to prepare (end of October).
Yesterday was a whirlwind of 5 hours of back-to-back-to-back meetings and workshops and insane reference desk hours. Today has been, so far, about keeping a thousand tiny balls in the air.
Here's how it's unfurled today:
- Call dad to wish him a happy 75th birthday on the way in to work
- Arrive at word at 9:40
- Get coffee
- Talk to supervisor of our onsite robotic storage about the student committee's hopes for making a music video in that area; agree to have a meeting later in the week to work out what needs to worked out
- In office, boot computer while handing in sign-in sheets for yesterday's workshops and making paper to-do list off of memory
- Listen to three voice mails, one by one, stopping between each to return the call
- My cell phone number to visiting author next week
- Problem solve IRB needs with a secure ICPSR data set
- Proof sheets ready to sign off on for Burning Inquiry lecture and exhibit.
- Request some changes to digital display signs for Constitution Day digital monitor slides
- Publish Burning Inquiry site; make notes about what needs to be updated before the marketing goes out (i.e. this year's event!). Make notes to self about pulling an article together about Burning Inquiry and community outreach
- Block off 3 hours tomorrow to work on Internet Librarian community engagement preconference
Without looking at the rest of my email, set off to do a few tasks
- Return the PCard I had used to pay for the student committee lunch on Friday (5th floor)
- Sign off on postcards for Burning Inquiry (1st floor) Make sushi plans for lunch tomorrow. Talk tips for poster design – I have a Poli Sci class doing posters this year, will be doing a session for them on effective posters
- Head into secure stacks in Special Collections (3rd floor) to measure and count mats and frames for the artist whose work I'll be displaying in Burning Inquiry. Answer: way too many sizes, way too few of each if you want mats….
Back in office
- Ponder the issue of non-traditional students and the effect of computer illiteracy on my teaching style (this came up int he two classes I've taught this week). This will be in the back of my head for a while, until I can resolve how to address it.
- Nuke (and eat) breakfast biscuit
- Write this list so far (10:48)
Next up: read through email and rejigger today's plan to accommodate
- Email the first: request blank graphic for Burning Inquiry. Add to to-do list: make it poster size, compose Burning Inquiry blurb. Also, get head shot of artist and bio, plan a poster around that info for the lecture & exhibit as well; make sure I have the marketing plan ready to execute
- Recall that I was told this weekend about another prof on campus research Burning Man, to-do that I should contact him about Burning Inquiry and possibly presenting his research as our lecture next fall
- 11:40 – email is all caught up and responded to. Display images are signed off on for announcing NVivo, and for Constitution Day.
- add to to-do list: launch NVivo PR, list channels to get the word out
My to do list for the afternoon:
- Check-up on using Mendeley with Word before my workshop this afternoon (I'm a Zotero gal. But it's important to be able to use of each of the tools we support, and I freshened up my EndNote skills yesterday…)
- Teach workshop on reference manager tools
- Follow up with student committee about kicking their ideas into actions
- Look over syllabus for proposed course and get approval back to prof
- Contact new prof about meeting for coffee tomorrow morning
- Check another prof's list of book requests against holdings and submit for ordering
- Craft 10 Facebook posts; schedule them
- Schedule my training (from the student library committee) on Instagram and Vine
- Determine if I really am not doing anything techy enough to say yes to invitation to do a tech talk radio call-in show?
- Try to get NVivo announcement out
- Reference desk 5-7
- Head to Trader Joe's for some staples and a kale salad for dinner. And mango gummy drops.
So, that's today! I'm going to warm up lunch and play with Mendeley before my workshop. What's your day like today?


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Since you'll have been so kind and understanding,I have decided to share "a picture" of our jaunt(s) for the next seven days so you readers don't feel completely left out. Its only fair that I show you'll a glimpse of what I see, methinks! So where have I taken them so far?We have been in a "NY state of mind" and have checked out quite a few spots in the Empire state. But let me tell you that having a 3-yr old tag along has slowed us down drastically due to scenarios like this -- Hey mom, I want to see that dirty water in that storm drain (and every storm drain). Hey dad, I want to go Pee-Pee, right now! Mom, I want french fries, right now! And plenty of "Poo Poo" false-alarms. Needless to say, its been quite a thrill ride.
With all this happening, it is indeed a big surprise that I have taken some time to participate in the 8th edition of Blogging Marathon for the theme "Cooking/Baking from Scratch". What can I say, its addictive. Its going to be so much fun cause I have thought long and hard to come up with 7 exquisite recipes that are really made from scratch. Since my son is a pound cake(and marble cake) fanatic, I decided to make a summery(read citrus-y) version of the pound cake with plenty of Lime Zest and Lime Juice to take with us when we go on excursions and such. My exuberant 3-yr old lovesssssss this cake. Even more than the Entenmann's Pound Cake that he usually prefers. But he remains loyal to the Zebra Cake that I make for him now and then.
So how do you like it? Doesn't it look gorgeous? Perfect to enjoy with a spot of tea or by itself! Base Recipe Courtesy: Chow.Com
As promised, I am attaching a picture from our first trip.Can you guess where this is? Its the Corning museum of Glass(the largest Glass museum in the world BTW) and this glass structure is called the "Fern Green Tower". Impressive,right?My son wanted to touch it. I said no, So he wanted to "kick" it. That is not impressive!
- 1-3/4 Cups Unbleached All-Purpose Flour
- 1-1/2 Tsp Baking Powder
- 3/4 Tsp kosher Salt
- 2 Sticks/8 Oz Unsalted Butter, at room temperature
- 5 Large Eggs, at room temperature
- 3/4 Cup Granulated Sugar (Add 1/4 Cup more if you like it really sweet)
- 1 Tbsp Finely Grated Lime Zest
- 1 Tbsp Good quality Vanilla Extract
- 3 Tbsp Freshly Squeezed Lime Juice
- 1/4 Cup Granulated Sugar or 1/2 Cup Honey
- Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Sift the flour in a wide bowl along with baking powder. Add Salt to it. Set aside.
- Using a stand mixer or a hand mixer, cream butter and sugar at medium high for about a minute or two.
- Add the eggs one at a time to the butter and sugar mixture and incorporate.
- Add the dry mixture to the egg mixture in small batches and mix only till combined. Pour the Vanilla Extract and add the Lime Zest. Gently mix.
- Line a 9 X 5 X 3 inch loaf pan with aluminum foil. Grease with a little oil or butter. Transfer the batter from the bowl to the pan.Bake at 350 degrees F for 55-60 minutes.
- Meanwhile make the glaze by boiling the sugar and the lime juice for about 7-10 minutes on a medium flame.
- Transfer the sticky glaze to a bowl.
- Once the toothpick comes clean, remove the cake from the oven.Prick at several places over the top with toothpick.
- Baste the top of the cake with the syrup until all of it is absorbed.Let the cake rest in the loaf pan for atleast 3-4 hours before removing it from the pan.
- Slice the cake loaf with a sharp serrated knife and have it with a spot of tea.
- The cake tastes better the following day after it has absorbed all the syrup basted on the top. If you refrigerate overnight bring it back to room temperature before serving the cake. The cake tastes best at room temperature.


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Engineering Services, Motorsports, and Special Applications profit center
For decades, MAHLE has been active in international motorsport as a developer and systems partner. Our pistons and engine components reliably drive racing engines to deliver peak performance. Nothing illustrates our technological leadership better than being successful on the "toughest test tracks in the world!"
MAHLE Powertrain is also part of the profit center. No other engineering services provider has such extensive and detailed knowledge of the entire engine and such comprehensive systems competence. The company covers the entire spectrum of drive system development, from the conceptual idea to new designs of complete engines. All development activities in the areas of fuel consumption and emissions reduction, drivability, and electronics applications are handled for the customer. Comprehensive, competent, and highly efficient. In addition, special engines are manufactured in small lots.


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Vinyl Liner - AG 28 Foot Round Pool - Sonoma Unibead
Above Ground Swimming Pool Liner
Our premium Sonoma Unibead liners are made using a unique process for maximum protection from pool chemicals and the sun' damaging U.V. rays. Our liners will last longer and maintain their beautiful appearance for years.
J-Bead Liners or Uni-Beaded liners can be hung on the pool wall like an overlap liner or can be inserted to a bead receiver track like beaded liners. This liner is perfect as a replacement for either beaded or overlap liners. This liner must be purchased specifically for your wall height.
- Constructed of Standard Gauge Vinyl
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This item is currently on backorder. We do not yet know the estimated time of restocking, but this page will reflect the updated information as soon as it is available to us.
Last Updated: 02/09/2018 07:04 PM - ID:5375


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Model Year: 1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006
Trim Level Base Coupe, Victory Edition Coupe, Base Convertible, Victory Edition Convertible
The Jaguar XK8 (project code X100) is a grand tourer car that was launched by Jaguar Cars in 1996, and was the first generation of a new XK series. The XK8 was available in coupé or convertible body styles and with the new 4.0-litre Jaguar AJ-V8 engine. In 1998 the XKR was introduced with a supercharged version of the engine. In 2003 the engines were replaced by the 4.2-litre AJ34 engines in both the normally aspirated and supercharged versions. The first-generation XK series shares its Jaguar XJS-derived platform with the Aston Martin DB7, both cars tracing their history back to an abandoned Jaguar development study in the mid-1980s known as XJ41/XJ42, which had been mooted to be known as the F-Type. One of the revisions is the use of the second generation of Jaguar's independent rear suspension unit, taken from the XJ40. Development began in 1992, with design work starting earlier in late 1991. By October 1992 a design was chosen and later frozen for production in 1993. Prototypes were built from December 1993 after the X100 was given formal approval and design patents were filed in June 1994. Development concluded in 1996.


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I learned that a long walk and calm conversation are an incredible combination if you want to build a bridge.
Local Area
Late Check Out Available
Daily Self-Parking Fee
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Wheelchair Available
Service animals are allowed
Learn more about the IHG Green Engage™ system
Choose ANA Crowne Plaza Okinawa Harborview for Bespoke Service and Fine Dining, 10 Minutes Walk from Kokusai-dori Street in Okinawa's Naha City
Cross the marble-floored Lobby to the dark wood Front Desk at ANA Crowne Plaza Okinawa Harborview to pick up the key to your bright and elegant room. We'll take care of your luggage. You can celebrate your arrival with cocktails in our 10th-floor Starlight bar, offering sumptuous sunset views, or relax catching the sun's rays by our tree-lined outdoor pool.
At ANA Crowne Plaza Okinawa Harborview we're in the centre of Naha city, 10 minutes' walk from the shops, bars and restaurants of Kokusai-dori Street and 10 minutes' drive from Naha Airport. Ask our friendly staff for a map and head out on the Yui Rail monorail system to explore the island' culture and heritage.
Harmony between the food and your surroundings is key to Okinawan kaiseki cuisine in our vibrant Izumi Restaurant. Relish the garden views through floor-to-ceiling windows in the stylish Printemps restaurant, or savour crispy Peking duck in Tosui.
Ingredients for Okinawans'amed health and longevity include fine food and a relaxing lifestyle. Let ANA Crowne Plaza Okinawa Harborview take care of the details so you can enjoy just the same.
Ejoy great nature of Okinawa such as beach, beautiful islands for snorkeling, fishing and golf under the blue sky. Try local food which make you happy.


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Fourteen Highline Elementary Schools Certified as 'HealthierUS Schools'
Fourteen additional area elementary schools have earned certification as HealthierUS Schools (HUSSC) bringing to 18 the number of Highline Public Schools certified.
The program, initiated in 2004, recognizes schools that have created healthier school environments through promotion of nutrition and physical activity. Seven schools earned the Gold Award of Distinction, four earned the Silver Award, and three earned the Bronze Award.
"These awards reflect a true collaborative effort by nutrition services staff at our schools, school principals, and staff at central office," said Chris Neal, director of Nutrition Services. "The level of achievement and number of schools recognized means that many people across the district are working on behalf of the welfare of Highline students. It is just awesome to be recognized by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in this way, and I want to thank every person in Highline who contributed to this achievement."
The level of certification is based on a series of criteria, including the number of different fruits and vegetables served per week, the percentage of whole grains served, and other factors such as wellness education offered and amount of time devoted to physical activity.
The Gold Award of Distinction, the highest honor, was bestowed on:
- Bow Lake
- Hazel Valley
- Hilltop
- McMicken Heights
- Midway
- Mount View
- Seahurst
The Silver Award was given to:
- Cedarhurst
- Gregory Heights
- Parkside
- Shorewood
And the Bronze Award was received by:
- Des Moines
- Marvista
- North Hill
To acknowledge their achievement, the schools will receive a HUSSC award plaque, a display banner, and a monetary incentive award – $2000 per school for the Gold Award of Distinction, $1500 per school for the Gold award, $1000 per school for the Silver award, and $500 per school for the Bronze award. Highline schools previously certified include Beverly Park, Madrona, Southern Heights, and White Center Heights Elementary Schools. All received Silver awards.
The HealthierUS School Challenge (HUSSC) is a voluntary certification initiative established in 2004 to recognize those schools participating in the National School Lunch Program that have created healthier school environments by making changes to their schools' nutrition environment, improving the quality of the foods served, providing students with more nutritious, healthy choices, and enhancing their physical activity program. In February 2010 the HealthierUS School Challenge was incorporated into the Let's Move campaign, aimed at raising a healthier generation of kids.


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Tampa correspondent
(785) 965-2285
Tampa Trail Stop announced the winners of their recent baking contest. Winners in the 18-years-old and older division were Jeanne Rziha, pies; Carla Hajek, cookies; and Melissa Stuchlik, cupcakes. In the 18 and younger division, winners were Cole Srajer, cookies, and Shelby Makovec, cupcakes.
Sunflower Senior Citizens met Nov. 13 for dinner at the café followed by dessert and a meeting at the senior center with Gary and Carole Spohn as hosts. The program consisted of "Show and Tell" with members showing many interesting objects and telling fascinating stories. Officers elected for 2013 were Raymond Bielefeld, president; Carole Spohn, vice president; Betty Mueller, secretary; and Dee Duggan, treasurer. Others present included Janet Bielefeld, Leo and Sue Yanda, Adeline Bernhardt, Leon Kleiber, Tillie Hein, Georgia Spohn, Tom Duggan, Mary Clemmer, Shirley Zaideman, Phyllis Mueller, Edna Backhus, and Jane Vajnar.
Leona Kleiber is the proud great-grandmother of Silas Otis Klenda, born Nov. 9 to Dale and Andrea Klenda of Lincolnville. Silas weighed 8 pounds, 6 ounces and measured 20.5 inches. He was welcomed by two big brothers, Elijah, 4, and Evan, 2. His other great-grandmothers are Theresa Klenda of Lincolnville and Ruth Weigel of Wichita. Grandparents are Lynn and Peggy Kleiber of Salina and Dennis and Terry Klenda of Pilsen.
A number of Tampa people attended visitation Nov. 12 and the funeral service Nov. 13 for John Hett in Marion.
Jim Srajer and Tillie Hein went to Wichita on Nov. 12.
Melissa Stuchlik visited her grandmother, Leona Kleiber, Monday morning.
Nov. 11 dinner guests of Russ and Julie Kerbs were Rustyn Kerbs of Hillsboro, Jesse and Ashton Smith and Sydney of Pilsen, and Lucille Kerbs.


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Very seldom in the last 30 years or so has the NFL had to defer to Major League Baseball on anything.
But now, it seems, they're being forced to grovel a bit.
NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell said he had spoken with MLB counterpart Bud Selig twice, trying to get the Orioles to move a night game to the afternoon so the Ravens could open the season at home on Sept. 5.
"We've talked to Major League Baseball. I called Bud Selig twice and spoken to him about that, trying to work out an accommodation to allow the Orioles game to happen earlier in the afternoon and the Ravens to celebrate their Super Bowl championship with their fans at home. We think that's the right thing," Goodell said, via the Baltimore Sun. "We've agreed to move the game a little bit later to accommodate the baseball game. We think it would be a great day.
"As a kid who grew up an Orioles fan, to have an Orioles game in the afternoon and then go to the Ravens' Super Bowl championship celebration for the kickoff game would be a great day. We hope that's the way it happens."
Goodell said opening on Wednesday again wasn't an option because of Rosh Hashanah, and that if an agreement couldn't be reached, they'd have to make the Ravens open on the road, which they'd prefer not to do.
"We think that's wrong for the Ravens' fans and we would not want to happen," Goodell said.
The Orioles game against the White Sox that day is scheduled for a 7:05 p.m. start. Baseball officials are hesitant to move it up in part because both teams are playing in different cities the night before (Baltimore's in Cleveland, Chicago's at New York), and quick turnaround might impact the pennant race (as much as one game out of 162 does).
A baseball source told the Sun the Orioles "aren't concerned about the financial aspect of the conflict."
(All together now, "Yeah, right.")
"It doesn't just involve the Orioles," said Katy Feeney, MLB's senior vice president for club relations and scheduling. "There is another team. The Orioles and White Sox have been on the schedule for quite awhile. Both teams are coming off a night game [on the road]. It's late in the season. To ask them to play a day game is rough, plus you have to factor in the impact on attendance and broadcast revenue.
"I think mainly, from a baseball standpoint, to make that change is extremely difficult. The White Sox would take a broadcast revenue hit and the O's would take a broadcast revenue and attendance hit. And there is a baseball operations impact. Conceivably both teams could be in playoff contention, so it wouldn't be fair to them to make them play a day game after both teams played a night game and traveled the night before."
Baseball officials haven't had many opportunities to hold anything over the NFL in decades since they lost their position as America's Pastime, so it's natural that they'd enjoy it a little. They're the older brother whose little brother grew up bigger and stronger, and the chance to dole out some noogies is probably something Selig relishes.


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Middle East and Eastern Europe Regional Office
The countries where World Vision works across the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Southern Asia region are of huge geopolitical significance. This is a region where the children, families and communities face staggering challenges every day—challenges that all too inevitably force some children to grow up too fast while not allowing others to grow up at all.
While there are differences in the struggles faced by the children and their families depending, in part, by what country they call home, there similarities as well. Across the region, World Vision is working to provide millions of children: with access to a quality and affordable education and health services as well as knowledge of their rights and a means to protect themselves from those who would exploit them. At the same time, World Vision strives to come alongside parents and community members equipping them to be able to provide for their children's physical, spiritual, intellectual, and emotional needs regardless of ethnicity, gender or religious beliefs both now and in the future.
World Vision's long-term development work in this region is divided into four clusters of countries:
- The Balkans: Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Romania
- The Caucasus: Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan
- The Middle East: Jerusalem and West Bank, Lebanon
- Southern Asia: Afghanistan and Pakistan
Additionally, as an organization, we are striving to support the needs of those affected by violence in Gaza, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq.
At present, World Vision is working in more than 1,500 communities across the region striving to improve the lives of nearly 10 million children and youth.


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by Alex
I have BPH and I want to protect my self from cancer
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INGREDIENTS ( Makes 12 Muffins)2¼ cups of oat bran cereal¼ cup of chopped nuts ( walnuts, pecans, peanuts)¼ cup of raisins or currants or dates1 tablespoon of baking powder (NOT Soda)¼ cup of brown sugar OR ¼ cup of honey OR Molasses 1¼ cups skimmed milk2 egg whites2 tablespoons of vegetable oil
Method(1) Preheat the oven to 425ºF/220 ºC (Gas mark 7) (2) In a large bowl combine oat bran cereal, nuts, raisins and baking powder (3) Stir in the brown sugar or liquid sweetening (4) Mix the milk, egg whites, and vegetable oil together and blend in with the oat bran mixture (5) Line Muffin pans with paper baking cups and fill them with the batter (6) Bake for 15 to 17 minutes (test for 'doneness' with a toothpick which should come out of the muffin moist but not wet!) (7) Keep the Muffins in the fridge and eat within three days
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Interesting and illusionistic, artist Jen Pack's fiber-on-frame works take on elements of both painting and weaving. After spinning and stitching together colorful compositions of thread, chiffon & cotton, she stretches out the works on a wooden frame like a canvas, paying attention to the way the colors and textures interact on the wall. Her interest in abstraction and slightly meditative clustering or patterning of materials give the works a dreamy effortlessness, and they exist as a space for the viewer to step in and lose themselves in the reverie of observation.
From afar, the works feel bold—even slightly aggressive—but upon further inspection, each piece reveals a soft, extremely fragile surface quality, complete with tiny, wild threads left to catch in the breeze. The duality is pleasing, and Pack's finishing of the pieces leave the fragments of fabric interacting like paint on panel, illuminated from within by meticulous layering and draping of translucent materials.


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"What is a friend?
A friend is one who walks in when others walk out."
~~~Walter Winchill
Dearest Blogville,
I can't begin to tell you how much your kind words for my little fella have meant to us. He is my Velcro Dog again. I think having him want me to pick him up again yesterdy morning has restored my faith. He is a little better and got to eat last night for the first time in 3 days. He was so excited. The boy is a chow hound but he's not happy because he only got half of his usual serving. I couldn't go through this without all of you. I picked today's quote with all of you in mind. My family just doesn't understand but always Blogville does.
This morning I heard about a dog that was found after 6 years. Here is the link. A feal good story for a change. She reminded me of our sweet Snowball.
God Bless........the Mommy Sarah


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When I looked at a photograph of Oscar Pistorius standing in the dock of the Pretoria Magistrates Court on Friday, his hands raised to his eyes and his head bowed, I was reminded of him in a similar pose in August last year. But the circumstances could not have been more different.
On Friday, he was holding his head in the depths of despair, weeping after having spotted his father, sister and brother in court, weeping as he listened to the prosecutor say he would be charged with premeditated murder, and possibly weeping in anguish because he knew his life was ruined. This was not the Oscar Pistorius I know.
Last August, he was holding his head in jubilation, weeping in disbelief that he had crossed the line in first place in the 4x100m relay in a Paralympic record, weeping in relief after winning back public adulation following an earlier petulant outburst over the size of Brazilian sprinter Alan Oliveira's running blades, and possibly weeping for joy because he knew he was one of the most popular athletes of his generation. This was the Oscar Pistorius I know.
Still, I was aware that this poster boy for the Paralympic Games could have flashes of a darker side. I had experienced his anger shortly before the Beijing Paralympic Games. Oscar was at the pre-Games training camp and phoned me, raging about what he perceived to be inadequate training kit. His fury at the South African management caught me by surprise. Oscar knew he couldn't be ignored, and his anger would ensure his demands were met. I hadn't expected Oscar to be a prima donna.
At the London Games, I was chatting to Oscar's roommate in the Athletes' Village, Arnu Fourie, who had just won the bronze medal in the 100m, edging his good friend Oscar out of the medals. Oscar was genuinely elated at his mate's success. They were obviously very close and I asked Fourie what it was like rooming with Oscar. He told me he had been forced to move out, because Oscar was constantly screaming in anger at people on the phone. I thought Fourie was joking and waited for him to smile. But he was serious. I was taken aback. I had never thought of Oscar behaving like that.
I realised he was more complex than I had thought.
I first met Oscar in August 2004, shortly before the South African Paralympic team flew to Athens for the Paralympic Games. I was scheduled to interview one of the team's stalwarts, Fanie Lombard, but he cancelled at the last minute. The team's media manager arrived at the studio with a scrawny kid, a late entry to the team, and told me he was going to be a star.
He looked nothing like a star. He was 17 years old, gawky, face blistered with acne, with braces on his teeth. In previewing the upcoming interview, I mistakenly referred to him as Oscar Pretorius, using the more common Afrikaans surname. During the commercial break, he shyly corrected me: "It's Pistorius, but don't worry, lots of people get it wrong."
I didn't know what his disability was, and tried to guess. Since he had walked languidly into the studio, I had immediately dismissed the idea that he was an amputee. But then he flashed me a grin and pulled up the legs of his jeans to show off a pair of rather battered, flesh-coloured prosthetic limbs.
Years later, he told me this had been his first live radio interview in a studio. He handled the situation with aplomb, as if he was already an established athlete. I remember thinking that if he really was as good as I was being told, if he cleared up the acne and got rid of the braces, if he could stay the way he was – polite, unassuming and naturally charming – he would have a bright future in athletics.
Over the years, I followed his career with a closer interest than I had for other athletes. Oscar certainly had extraordinary talent, and he quickly developed the skills that would eventually make him a sponsor's dream and a darling of the fans. He was always worth watching.
I got to know him better when he asked me to collaborate on a motivational speech. He had arrived back from the Athens Games with a gold and a bronze, and people were starting to take notice. There was a demand for an emotional speech about how he overcame his disability of being born without fibula, or calf bone, in both legs and having his lower limbs amputated shortly before his first birthday. The problem was, to Oscar's bemusement, that he had very little in his life to spark the required emotion.
None of his stories were about hardship or difficulty. He had suffered no rejection or prejudice. He told me the story of a typical, rambunctious little boy, who just happened to have no lower limbs.
He told me his parents – who divorced when he was six; his mother then died when he was just 15 – never treated him as being different to his siblings. While his relationship with his father has been described as "difficult", and Oscar himself has said he is "more of a mate" than a father, his mother was an inspiration to him; someone who had given him hope and drive. He never thought he couldn't do things because of his disability. He did everything a typical schoolboy would do – and more. He did wrestling, played football, tennis, rugby and water polo.
As we were writing the speech, desperately looking for something that would reduce his audience to tears or fill them with inspiration, he pulled up his trouser legs to reveal his battered, flesh-coloured prosthetics, and started to regale me with stories about his childhood based on the gouges, scars, burn marks and grazes on the legs.
His earliest memory was sitting in a go-kart with his brother and racing down a hill near his house at great speed. The kart didn't have brakes, and his job was to jam his prosthetic feet on to the tarmac to slow the kart down. He quickly wore his legs down to stumps.
He pointed to a dark, molten patch on one of the prostheses – the result of his leg resting against the exhaust pipe of a motorbike. He stopped at a convenience store and noticed wisps of smoke. He thought his bike was about to catch fire, until he noticed the plastic on his leg was starting to bubble and he could smell burning rubber.
He pointed to a series of scratch marks – the result of exploring some open veld near his house with friends and having to climb through a barbed wire fence. His friends emerged bleeding and in pain. Oscar just laughed.
He pointed to a small, deep hole – the result of falling off his motorbike at speed. It hadn't hurt because his leg took the brunt of the fall.
He recalled the punishment meted out to him and some classmates after they had run 3.5 miles naked from his school – the prestigious Pretoria Boys' High – to the Union Buildings, the seat of government in South Africa. When the culprits were rounded up, they were made to do ballet and stand on their tiptoes. As his classmates collapsed in agony with burning calf muscles, Oscar happily stood on his prosthetics with his arms in a Swan Lake pose.
When he was picked on for his lack of lower limbs, it was in rugby matches where opponents mistakenly thought he couldn't run fast and he was constantly targeted.
When Fanie Lombard, the most medalled track and field South African Paralympian, heard about the kid with no legs who had an astonishing turn of speed, he went to visit him at Pretoria Boys' High. He was so impressed that he organised a pair of running blades for Oscar to test.
Oscar remembers the day he strapped them on and ran the 100m in 11.72 seconds. It was the 28th of January 2004. He was recovering from a rugby injury and had shown no interest in athletics. That day changed it all. When he researched the world 100m record for double leg amputees, he thought the website was out of date. He had broken the record without even trying.
That was the Oscar I knew. He made as if his achievements had come easy to him, even when they hadn't. He turned into one of the most dedicated, hard-working and professional athletes.
His legendary fight and determination drove him to taking on the authorities and winning his right to compete alongside able-bodied athletes. He lost the geekiness, his skin cleared up, the braces were removed. He turned his puppy fat into muscle, honed his body, improved his speed and became the athlete I remember enthralling the world at the London Olympic and Paralympic Games.
Despite being a global icon, with sponsors falling over themselves, the Oscar I know never lost his boyish charm and warm friendliness. He berated me for not being at the Beijing Paralympic Games, where he won a hat-trick of gold medals, and made me promise to be at the London Games.
I watched with a mixture of pride and amazement as Oscar worked the media like the seasoned professional he had become. When he saw me for the first time after one of his heats, he stopped being the poster boy. He became the Oscar I know, excitedly giving me a sweaty hug and insisting on a photograph to mark the occasion.
I had brought to the Games a teddy bear mascot from a Johannesburg school for special needs children, and Oscar insisted on a photograph with the bear. Every time I saw him, the bear was back at my hotel. The night before his final race, the 400m, the event which would bring the curtain down on the greatest period of his illustrious career, he was having physiotherapy in the Athletes' Village. I was visiting the South African base and had the mascot with me. At a time when any other athlete would have been preoccupied with this crucial race, Oscar was the person I had always known – friendly, warm, accessible. "Bud, where's the bear?!" he yelled, demanding his photo for the kids at the special needs school.
The dark side to Oscar was always unsettling, simply because I had never experienced it. I had only read about it. I knew that he had developed a reputation for being arrogant and aloof, although never to me.
I heard he was quick to anger. I heard the stories about him threatening to shoot a former national footballer who had crossed his path. I knew about his reckless motorboat accident, which left his face torn to shreds. I knew that he had spent the night in jail, accused of assaulting a woman at a party at his house. The case was subsequently dropped, but it left a mark on his reputation.
What happened that night at his Pretoria home will come out in the upcoming court case. What we do know is that a highly intelligent, beautiful woman is dead. Reeva Steenkamp, 29, was establishing herself as a top model and aspiring television star. Her death is so utterly senseless. I didn't know her, but she, like Oscar, was much‑loved, with a sparkling future ahead of her. For both of them, this ended so tragically with four gunshots.
David O'Sullivan is a presenter at Talk Radio 702, a Johannesburg-based radio station


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Dozens Injured When Floor Collapses at Florida Party
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (AP) - Rescue workers and police found a scene of total chaos after the floor of a second-floor apartment collapsed under a late-night party in Tallahassee, Fla.
The Tallahassee Democrat reports investigators still don't know what caused the floor to give way early Sunday. Officials say 55 people were injured.
City inspectors and other officials plan to comb through the rubble Monday to try to learn what happened. Damage is estimated at $250,000.
Officials say about 100 people were thought to have been inside the four-bedroom apartment when the floor gave way.
Tallahassee police spokeswoman Anitra Highland says most of the injuries were "broken bones and sprains."
The apartment complex was built in 1995.
Copyright 2012 by The Associated Press. All rights reserved. Material may not be redistributed.


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Docomomo International Journal 46: Designing Modern Life is complete and will be hitting mailboxes soon. Journal 46 includes essays and articles discussing the interior space as a site for design and modernism through its spatial configuration, devices and furniture. Guest editor Bárbara Coutinho.
Journal 46 focuses on interior design as a key conservation issue for Modern living and acknowledges the relevance of one of the most fragile conservation issues: modern interior space including modern furniture and product design questions. Ranging from restoration process research and know-how, new modern materials and techniques are discussed facing up to new conservation process and innovative rehabilitation solutions, as well. One knows that Modern spatiality must require furniture conceived under a unitary design concept, which implies today to identify every detail with the aim of a reconstruction process, where research on documentation is one of the success keys.
With the Docomomo International Conference hosted at the Espoo Cultural Center, the stimulus of this city center settlement in connection to Otaniemi University Campus is the starting point that justifies going deeper in the relation that connects form and function, esthetics and ethics. In fact, as Walter Gropius stated, the "design from the cup of coffee to the urban plan" ability is the motto challenge for the 12th annual conference simultaneously with Helsinki being the World Design Capital 2012 dealing with all disciplinary aspects.
Finally, this issue wishes to pay tribute to the Finnish culture and its original contribution to Design. Indeed, through the conception of organic forms and the use of natural materials, a different path has been explored answering to sensorial and tactile comfort. Following the global design idea, this theme is the result of a challenge which is related to the Finnish approach to Modern Movement architecture, namely to an organic character that privileges comfort and economy, beauty and utility, simplicity and synthesis; improving regional roots in order to fulfill the sense of the place.
Click here to read the full announcement from Ana Tostões, Chair of Docomomo International.
The Docomomo International Journal is a benefit of Docomomo US International membership and is produced twice a year. If you would like to receive future editions of the Journal, become an International member today!