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"I'm heading to India next week and am looking forward to using my new DSLR. I'm particularly looking forward to photographing the people I come across but am a bit worried about whether I need to ask permission before photographing them in the street or other public places. Any suggestions?" – question submitted by DPS reader, Graham.
Thanks for the question Graham – you're not the only person asking it. In fact I've written on this topic previously in my series on Travel Photography but I thought I'd go over my approach to asking permission to photograph people, especially in a foreign country.
Keep in mind that this is my own personal approach and that others do it much differently.
1. I always ask for permission if the person will be the main subject of my photo – I figure that I'm a guest in another country and that I want to behave like I'd expect someone to behave if they were in my home – with respect and friendliness.
2. If a person is a minor subject in a larger photo I don't seek permission – it's just not logistically possible to ask everyone on a street if you can photograph them!
3. Getting 'permission' can mean different things in different situations – often it's simply a matter of holding up your camera and smiling with a raised eyebrow. Other times you might actually ask but gesturing will usually be sufficient enough to get a nod or a shake of the head. I find that it's quite rare to get knocked back from a friendly approach.
4. If permission is not given or I'm sensing the other person is not comfortable with my actions I always stop and politely move on. I've found that in come cultures people say yes just to be polite but don't really want you to take their shot. If I'm getting these vibes I stop immediately.
5. Before you travel do some research on what is and isn't acceptable culturally – last time I traveled I was amazed to see how many people in the tour group I was with who had no clues about the culture they were visiting. As a result they often dressed and acted very inappropriately and annoyed a lot of locals by breaking social taboos. While this isn't directly related to taking photos it does have an impact upon those you meet along the way that you might wish to photograph.
6. Smiling at the person and maintaining strong eye contact before, during and after taking your photo does wonders – for starters it helps with getting permission, then it helps them relax and lastly it shows your appreciation and that you value the person. Show a genuine interest in the other person, their life and what they're doing and you'll not only get a great shot but you'll leave a positive feeling with the person – you might even learn a thing or two and make a new friend.
7. If I'm watching a performance or show where photography is allowed I don't ask permission of individuals – I figure they're doing it for some sort of payment and are used to it.
8. If photographing children I take extra care to get permission from a parent where there is one present. I think photographers need to be particularly careful in this area.
9. I don't pay or tip people for photographs – I know many photographers do this but it's something I'm not comfortable with. I do travel with little gifts from home (toys, pens, badges etc) which I like to give to people I meet along the way but don't use these as 'payments' or bribes as such.
10. Don't travel in a large group – One of the keys that I've found to getting good street photos of people is to travel in small groups or (when it's safe to do so) alone. There's something about a large group, all carrying cameras, coming up to a person that is very overwhelming. If I am traveling with a larger group I tend to hang back on the edges of the group and look for my own opportunities.
As I've written before – "Keep in mind what you'd feel like if a stranger walked up to you in your neighborhood and asked for a photograph and act in a way that you'd want to be treated in that kind of situation."
Lastly – check out these tips specifically on photographing people when traveling.
Since publishing this post we've put together an eBook specifically on Travel photography called Transcending Travel: a Guide to Captivating Travel Photography.
Hi, I read the entire thread, but I still am a little unsure about my specific case. If anyone out there knows the answer, I'd be very thankful!
Other commenters mentions "publishing" on free photo sites and blogs - some said this required a release if you featured a single (stranger, presumably) person as the subject of the photo, no matter what. But others said that a release would not be necessary unless you were using the image to promote a company or brand, commercially.
I'm trying to start a (totally non-profit) fashion-based blog for my town, St. Louis, Missouri, similar to ones that already exist for New York City, Italy, Tokyo, etc. The blog would consist mostly of photos of interesting (probably well-dressed) people I see in public. In places like Manhattan and Milan, it's easy to imagine there being many people who *want* to have their photo taken. In St. Louis, it's less common to be approached by a stranger for any reason, just because life here has become less public since the good old days. So getting the photo in the first place is a challenge, but if I need a release for every single photo, then I have to say, my passion for this blog has already lost significant speed!
There are plenty of street fashion blogs out there. Are the photographers all getting signed releases for their photos? I originally thought that using photos of persons in public for a blog (especially a not-for-profit blog) fell under the category of "journalism," (my apologies to professional photojournalists!).
Dan, great comment...
Here is the thing... for all the folks saying they have signed model releases... A model release requires consideration and maybe ID, in the USA...
So, just having it signed, ain't worth squat...
What do we need a release for if we would like unlimited rights? And, what does that release require... a poloroid? A Dollar?
And, what can we do w/o a release?
Al, this is where there is a lot of confusion. You do not need a model release simply to sell prints of people. Simply selling a photo of someone is not considered commercial use. Commercial in this sense does not refer to the fact that you are making money from a photo, it refers to the licensing of an image for use in advertising a commercial product, business, industry. A model release is designed to gain permission from a subject to use their likeness to promote something, depending on the terms of the release, whether they actually like or agree with what is being advertised. People own the right to how their likeness is portrayed, so in general, taking a photo of somebody doing something that they actually did, portraying reality, is considered editorial, even if you sell the image. But you cannot sell the image of someone to an advertising company who will use the photo you took of them, say, drinking a can of Pepsi, to advertise Pepsi unless the subject is aware and has agree to having their image used to promote commercial products, such as Pepsi, or yeast infection cream. You can see why people are sensitive and why there are laws governing how you can use a strangers image. You wouldn't want to be seen promoting some sleazy nightclub if you had not agreed to it or somebody misused your photo to imply or portray you promoting it. That is what commercial use means and that is when you need to be careful. Normally you don't have to worry about candid shots as long as you are selling te photo strictly for personal use and for its artistic merit alone. This applies to the USA because, I cannot speak to other countries. Exception include certain circumstances involving Division 1 NCAA and Pro Sports, but ofte you can even sell those too, but you might be risking you access to events if you shoot with a media pass that is issued by the school or team, which likes to retain the profits from its athletes photos, even though there is no state or federal law that allows them to prevent you from selling images from a sporting event. However it is always better to ere on the side of caution and not burn any bridges. For travel/candid photos, just don't advertise anything and you should be fine. Again this applies to the US only and public spaces.
Nice article, but I still had a question at the end: when you get back from traveling and want to post or sell your pictures, aren't you going to be asked for model releases on all the people photographed? Do you get model releases on people in foreign countries? Many may not even speak English, let alone understand the detail of rights given in a model release ...???
There are some people who just seem to get their butt in a bind over having their picture taken. Cameras are everywhere, grocery, drug store, ATMs, etc. - so you know just by existing you are having your picture taken. I am not sure how it started, but it seems the more cameras/videos out there the more paranoid people become. Perhaps it's the personal photos that lend themselves to mischievous deeds. I know someone who, upon just seeing that I have a camera, will tell me outright that I cannot take their picture without their signed permission. I wouldn't have taken a picture of them anyway - there is much better subject material around - but I found it to be startling.
Hi ! And what about the U.S. ? Is it appropriate to make a picture of someone without his permission ? Actually I took a picture of a parent who lives in the US, without his permission. I wanted to have something spontaneous, not posing, not smiling at the camera or anything, and as it was a parent and not a complete stranger I thought it was correct. I showed him the picture later and he was quite offended and erased the pictures from my camera. I'd like to know what people usually think about that in the US. Are there "strict rules" about that ?
Hi A few years ago, I asked about getting permission to photograph people for my book(a visual historic journal of my town). Just an update, apparently (in Australia) you don't need permission to photograph people on the street (a street scene). I did however retrace my steps and got written permission of everyone I photographed for my last book, and felt happier about the fact that I covered myself and family in the future of any law suits, or trauma. I have started on the next book and carry around a form for people to sign. When I explain I can't use their photo in the next book they are happy to sign. Kim Dove
Oh, and my apologies for not adding that I am writing from the US. I realize and appreciate that this is an international community and that laws and understanding may differ depending on country and location.
I have heard contradicting info concerning the legality of "for profit" photos. I have been told that people often confuse or equate the term "for profit" with the term "commercial use". My understanding is that you can in fact sell photos of people as long as they are in a public place and the subject is not a minor or part an organization that has rules about use of their images (NCAA Sports, etc...). The way I have come to understand the need for a model release is that you only need it if the photo will be used for "commercial purposes" which is specifically different than simply selling a photo "for profit". Commercial use is illegal without a release because you are using someones likeness to promote something, not to mention that they may not want to be associated with what is being advertised. But I have come to understand that simply selling an image does not mean it is "commercial use", if you are not advertising or promoting a product, brand, etc, and you are presenting the person/people in a fair (true to the circumstances of the situation) light and are not presenting them in a way that is negative or damaging to their reputation, then you can sell the image. Examples are selling photos to a newspaper for editorial use, as an artistic image. In these examples I have generally understood that you can sell an image without a release, as long as the use cannot be considered "commercial/promotional", "for profit" is not a consideration that affects the legality in and of itself. This is my understanding after much research and sifting through all of the contradictory answers that has been given all over the Internet. I am not a lawyer, I just wondered if you have any insight as to whether I am mistaken. Do you have experience that has shown that simply selling a photo, regardless of it's use, is illegal without a release? I am certainly willing to believe that I am mistaken, but I am hoping that someone who clearly knows the law and has experience with specific examples can help to clear up the widespread ambiguity and contradictory explanations which are out there. Our very different understanding of the law is prime example of the lack of consistency that I am referring to. I would appreciate anyone who can speak definitively and from long experience as to the true legal language, and meaning of that language in regards to selling photos of people with or without the need for a model release. If that is you, then I respectfully defer to your expertise.
I just got back from the Colombian jungles and would like t make a book and sell it. DO I need to get a release form from all the indigenous people (Kogi tribe) that I took photos of? Because that would be impossible. :(
[eimg link='http://www.flickr.com/photos/bella-dilo/4958623555/' title='A Fairgoer ' url='http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4139/4958623555_af119d0f05.jpg']
I did ask the grandmother to take this adorable baby's photo. She was literally smiling at me the entire time, and I just decided to ask and see what would happen. She was so happy to do that.
Generally, a nice smile while holding the camera lets people know they're willing to pose. But it's also neat to get them when they're not looking, such as the one below. I was in Puerto Rico, and I had permission to photograph him earlier, but I loved how spontaneous this looked.
[eimg link='http://www.flickr.com/photos/bella-dilo/4260780250/' title='Las Palomas' url='http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4013/4260780250_5d223aac58.jpg']
I'm also only 16, which helps, because people aren't scared of teenagers when they're friendly; :P
Also, if the person is a musician or performer, I will usually tip to pay for my photo, since it is a performance.
In Italy, I had a wonderful experience to get a spontaneous portrait from a photographer in Italy. Man, I wish I could see how it turned out.
[eimg link='http://www.flickr.com/photos/bella-dilo/4552562169/' title='The Photographer.' url='http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4052/4552562169_7cea4163bd_z.jpg']
here in the Philippines, common people love camera specially if they are the ones being photographed..just ask for a permission and they will gladly pose for you..they usually know how to pose and give their best smile..you don't have to give a tip..they treat being subject of the photograph an honor..plus the culture is rich and diverse..
I always ask anyone...even in this country. I take a lot of photos for activities at my church and I always ask permission before I take a photo of someone. I think it is just good manners. Good article.
Thanks, Darren, just read the tips for travel photography. Very informative and felt as though I was being coached by a friend ;) I love to shoot, but get self conscious very easy...I like to be "invisible" but you make it sound easier, befriending someone is the key. Thanks again, love following your blog...Cat
And don't forget that you are not going for any social work. You are going to capture. Incredible India!!!
Remember India is a photographic paradise not for its poverty. Its a photographic paradise, for its color, its cultures, its festivals, its food, and people interaction. If you really want to be a good travel photographer, You have to be a good traveler first. That is only possible if you try to be one of us(Indians).
Surrounding situation surviving: Show them your photo. Try to engage yourself with some activities with them. Say hello. Smile at them. ask them what their names are. Play with them and move on.
India is photographed best at low light conditions. Get out at 4 am and you'll be surprised to see that life has already begun in these cities. People are not harsh. Treat them like the way you want to be treated.
Beauty of India lies in its insanity and colors.
Final pointer: Don't call India a 3rd world country. There is poverty everywhere. Where there is crime, there is poverty. You can call it a developing nation though.
As an anthropologist studying Indigenous people I must add:
-In indigenous settings, NEVER keep (and sometimes even take) a photo unless you have asked permission
-Study a few words in the language in order to communicate that
1) You would like to show them the photo that you took and
2) That if they would like a copy of the photo you can mail / email / fax the photo to them when you return home and
3) Tell them the only things you will use the photo for
Offering photos to the people I photograph not only has gotten me photos of people in settings where others have been kicked out of town form photographing, but has built long-term beautiful relationships, and is the least we can do for capturing someone's image for our own personal use or some sort of social or economic gain.
I always operate under the assumption that people own their own images and if they are gracious enough to let me capture any of it, that the least I can do is email them a copy.
This has worked two ways- my subjects not only enjoy photos they would never have otherwise had and are forever thankful (celebratory dinners upon returning to a village not entirely because of the photos but because my generosity was enhanced by sharing them) but I have also gotten amazing photos of myself by asking a photographer if I can have a picture they just took of me.
When I operate as though people own their own image (which I believe they do) photographic ethics have never been a concern of mine.
Many years ago, on a horseback trip up the mountain in Jamaica some man came out of a hut trying to sell us Ganja, in big bud form. I took a picture of him and he sort of freaked out. I and the guide assured him I was just a tourist and the picture was not to incriminate him, and he was OK with that. The next guy we passed was also a very interesting local who might have been quite a photo capture. Long dreads, many dogs, and this really huge machete he was carrying. I elected not to try and upset him by taking a photo this time. You have to be really wary of the people who are in your shots, or you need to be completely stealthy I think.
I take an insane number of photos of just about anything. Once I took a picture of a buddy of mine at the local pub and some guy next to me said that if he were in that picture he'd have to kill me. I thought that was strange and asked him why he was so worried, etc. After talking a while, we were good buddies, but I have to say it's amazing some peoples reaction to a snap shot. Beware.
@tk..you can go capturing the them first then you ask permission later..if they say yes,,you are lucky,,,when they say no..it mean you have to delete the photo..
Thats right,,you should ask for permission. But lucky for all you guys from america or europe (not always but mostly) ... if you guys come to Asia (most asian country) and then you ask them for capturing pictures..they will happily say 'yes .. with a smile (a tru of smile)' ..we asian always love american/europe tourist. Believe me, most of us will considering you guys as hollywood star. So, I think its not too difficult to get permission from us asian..
The problem with asking people though is they act unnaturally or the most amazing moment is gone, how can you deal with that?
The museum (probably) falls within a definition of commercial use rather than journalistic use, hence written permission/release will be required. It's a fine line. if you took all the photos in a public place, received no fee for doing so and then presented the pictures as editorial work or an exhibition of people in your town you probably would be OK but the museum if they charge an entry fee are probably covering themselves.
i have been photographing people and groups and businesses in my town. I was giving the local museum a CD of the orginals, then got a small grant ($500)to do a couple of books to present to the museum. The president of the Museum told me that I was not commissioned by the Museum to do this work, and that I needed to have written permission of everyone I photographed for any publication. I did get verbal permission of everyone, Over 300 photos now. Is this true do I need to have written permission of everyone? I have had different answers. Thanks Kim
Nice article, i like your moral aproach to the subject. It's good for people to read it because many travelers really don't know much about their destination and customs there. I act completely the same as you on my travels.
Great article. One should also be cognizant of what is acceptable legally in a country - for example in one Scandinavian country, one can photograph people for "personal" use but not for publication/professional use without explicit written permission.
Interesting about the woman chasing. I feel this blog has helped me understand a great deal about legal rights of those I'm including in my photos. I have obviously violated tons of people at this point - interesting to note that google street view smudges all the faces of those on the street when their photo truck drives by. I can take this to mean they cannot get everyone to sign off and understand the privacy laws completely.
In my experience, the only time people have actually complained about being in one of my pictures - and I often take shots of crowds or gatherings - has been due to those people being involved with drug activities of some form or another. I generally don't argue with any suggestions from these individuals, even though I just took a picture of a hundred people and haven't singled anyone out. Delete or be deleted, I guess is a good rule of thumb.
To Dawn: I lived in Hong Kong for 5 years and can tell you absolutely that you do NOT take photos of people if they know about it without permission. My daughter was chased down the street by a lady when her photo was taken. even though my daughter was taking the marketplace she was selling from rather than the lady. Admittedly the U.S. is much stricter on laws that Europe, because of our vast system of law suits. Hong Kong has learned by being a western country as a British Colony, and access to the US media the value of litigation. There used to be no lawyers (or soliciters) there, but there are now, even though they are under the control of China and no longer a free colony. Releases are NOT needed there, but permission definitely is. You can certainly take groups (for example Tai Chi groups exercizing in the park or people on the Star Ferry) since they are also used to "silly tourists" who photograph everything. But if you are taking a single person or small group, ASK first or be sorry later.
One note: The law on personal photography does state that it is illegal if you are publishing it "for personal gain". I don't consider web sites, chat rooms, blogs and other "cultural" sites to be commercial. On the other hand if you publish those photos on sites that are selling them for you, you have crossed the line and need a release. Use common sense and let the word "personal gain" be your guide when photographing people. If you aren't making bucks from what you are doing and if you watch your backgrounds so that you aren't intruding on security problems for the buildings in the background and you should be fine. There's a fine line between legal and illegal when taking images of other people. Be safe if you plan to profit.
David and Peter bring up another point. Do be aware that there are "off-limit" sights as well as people when photographing. It is illegal in virtually every country in the world including the U.S. to photograph military installations, police and emergency buildings, and,all private businesses in the U.S., Britain, France and other western countries . You must ask permission before photographing in front of or inside almost all commercial businesses. Tiffany's is a good example. Reason: Criminals would love a record of the inventory or the physical set up. Even though open to the public, businesses are privately owned (at least for now) in the U.S. and many other countries. Just because they are in a mall or open to the public on a sidewalk does not give you permission to take a photo of the business or even with it in the background. Ask permission of the manager or owner first. No release is required, but do get his name when you are granted the right to take the picture. Remember even though this law isn't often enforced, especially in the U.S., it is there and you can pay a price for ignoring it. Barristers and Solicitors (lawyers and their helpers) are everywhere. Often nothing is said when you do it because businesses dislike causing problems in their establishments, but that does not make it legal. I think the discussion here is what is legal, not what we can get by with.
Two points: I must disagree with Sime. I have photographed for travel magazines for several years all over the world, and when publishing pictures with a person as the focal point, I always have a model release, even if it is a candid shot. I taught "Photography and the Law" at university and know that there are laws that require model releases from both adults and children (two separate forms) if you want to avoid possible law suits. These forms are available on line from several Universities including Cornell or just go to a search engine. People do have a right by law to "public privacy" meaning you do not have a right to photograph them just because they are out in public IF they are the main subject of your shot. Crowd scenes are not a problem but shots of individuals or small groups need releases. However, having said that, anyone who has advertised himself for personal gain, has forfeited his right to public privacy under the law. This includes politicians (anyone who has run for elected office), performers, realtors who put their photos on their business cards, and a gigantic group of other people. Anyone who might be recognized in public fall into this category. Sime might have gotten away without releases, but it is not legal. In today's world, to avoid legal action if you sell or publish photos, get a release and keep it in your files FOREVER.
_Point 2: I also am not comfortable paying for photographs. However, I have found in third world countries, if I carry a polaroid camera with me, and offer to GIVE them a photo if I can TAKE one with my other camera, works wonders, since in many countries it is either expensive or impossible to get personal photos.
With respect to asking permission when photographing people, I have been a professional photographer on the Gold Coast for 20 years.
I learned a hard lesson early when shooting dining shots for restaurants. While shooting a wide angle shot at night I suddenly had a solicitor get up from a group dining table and almost kicked over my tripod,
indicating that his high profile client did not wish to be photographed.
These days I use humour to thaw out any potential situations in a dining shot.
I ask each table individually with a big smile on my face
"whether there is anyone having dinner with someone else's husband or wife this evening"
That line has always broken the ice and I usually get full cooperation. On rare occasions I have hit the nail on the head with that question and couples have actually got up to leave or declined permission for the shot and that's OK.
Peter Sanderson (pixelpete)
Keith, You're not right, no... You don't need permission from someone in a public place to either take their photo or to upload it to a free website / personal website. You can even print that image out as art and sell it some of the time. What you can't do is advertise a product with it... For example, if I saw you looking cool and holding a can of Coke - I can't just photograph you and use you on the Coke website. (That would equal court case)
The web is a publishing tool, sure, but there is no law that says you can't take a photo of someone in public and post it on the internet. If someone found that photo, they could ask you to remove it - but legally you don't have to.
I actually think that you should have a bit of a re-think about your whole idea on this, your thoughts are scarily close to reminding me of some sort of crazy police state... of course you can put your family christmas on the web if you choose?....
If you were in a shopping mall, you could put the images on the web, but not in an advertising or defamatory manner. If there is a sign on the front of the shopping centre that says NO PHOTOGRAPHY then, no.
You don't need a signed person or property release for general street photography that is not intended for advertising. You can publish someone's photo on the front of the biggest newspaper in the world and not get their signature... Of course, this is all subject to local laws - so make sure you're not on private property breaching someone's terms and conditions.
Hope this helps.... (Now you can relax and go take some photos)
Regarding permission to publish. By all accounts I consider the uploading of images to your own website, free photo sharing site (Flickr) or for sale publishing sites (SmugMug, etc) to be publishing. Therefore would you need written permission of anyone in the photos? I'm thinking so.
I've seen people post candid family photos on these photo sites, which are in plain public view of the world, and I doubt these people has given written permission. Whether or not the photography got paid or not, the web is a publishing tool.
Am I wrong? Can I post the family Christmas photos on the web without anyone in the picture knowing? I believe many photographers are violating the rights of people, who in their homes, are being photographed.
On another note, if I was in a shopping mall, a public place, although private property, can I publish to the web any photos I take?
Darren, I very much like your site - but have not yet fully "figured out" how to use it properly!
Regarding the "photography permission" article... (a) I was amazed to be challenged by "a lawyer" when [photographically] shooting my family outside the N.Y. Tiffany shop. This now happens in central London!
(b) Some historically cultural leanings should be respected. For example, exposure of the base of the foot
is a "no" in Thailand.
Fred (Another UK member here) Interesting then, that Getty will not take a photo of a person these days, even if it's their foot / back etc without a release. What's the world coming to eh..
Hi all,
I'm constantly astonished at the number of pro / serious amateur photographers who aren't aware of the law in their countries. I am only able to speak for France and the UK, (since I live in both), but no 'release' or permission of any kind is needed from candid subjects except when the photo is to be used commercially (and this is where I think most people get confused). The legal definition of commercial usage is, to relate it to something tangible, advertising. Therefore that does not mean you cannot sell your images as art.
Just thought it might be worth putting that out there.
Excellent advise....we are traveling to Hong Kong later in the year and I hope to get some good 'local pictures"
I am just learning how to use my camera on manual setting., so checking out your tutorials daily
My personal tip: if you have a good feeling with some people, that you take maybe more than a few pictures with them... ask for their address on a piece of paper (or email), take a picture of this address. When you copy your photographs back on your PC, you see the one with the email or letter, it will remind you to give a little bit back: a print or two :-) I've done that a few times and people are really happy to receive the prints or JPG by email afterwards.
i agree with bogart. i think it is not easy for indian photographers to take photos of indian ladies but foreigners might not face this problem. if i take photos of very very poor or beggars then i give them few cents as gift even without their asking. recently i have realised that photos are not luxury any more in india. my photo gallery is full of street photography and while shooting i found that people are normally kind, they just need some respect .. thats it. welcome to india.
Sometimes the smile of the people would show their approval and willingness to be your subject.
There seems to be a lot of confusion in the thread based on what "permission" you're talking about.
Permission to take someone's photograph, and permission to publish that photograph in some manner are two different things, not to mention that for what purpose it's being published also adds another layer of complexity.
Canada, US, and another writer mentioned England (I can't speak for any others) You can take a photograph anywhere of anything EXCEPT matters of national security (i.e. don't go shooting your local military base)
You are the owner of that photograph.. you can sell it.. HOWEVER, if that photograph is PUBLISHED, then there may be need for a model release.
I am new at this photograpy. I was always told that you need a signed release form if you take a picture of any identifiable person. Once I tried to sell a picture of a horse back rider letting their horse cool off in the ocean, and although the face of the horse rider was not able to be seen, I was not allowed to sell the photo because I did not have a signed form. This has really made me shy away from taking pictures of people. How can everyone say all you need is a verbal or sometimes just a nod?
Can someone who gets the signed release forms let me know how you ask people? I always feel like I am imposing when I want a signed paper. If I was the person in the photograph, I would not mind someone taking my picture, but if they asked me to sign something, I would say, no, thanks.
I was in New York City last fall and wanted to photograph some incredible looking elderly women in a doorway in Chinatown but they clearly did not want me too. I was so bummed but of course respected their request.
I once had a lady not want to photographed, but I spoke the language and was able to ask her why. She said it was because no one who had ever photographed her had ever given her a photo in return. Because I was shooting with a digital camera, I took the card into a photo store, had one printed and returned it to her. She was absolutely delighted. you might not always have this option of be able to communicate it properly, but it was fun to make her day.
So helpful!
Hi Savyasachi, I agree with you 100%.
Here in the Philippines, it's pretty simple. You pull out a camera and people start smiling and posing. No permission necessary, Filipinos love having their picture taken!
Very good points. I wish every photographer follows these points. Being an Indian, I must say that every first time visitor find something amusing, something weird and something interesting in India. Sometimes few things are "inspired" by constant bombardment of the local media e.g. poverty in India (which is sometimes true but represented in a wicked manner) So I, of course, HATE photographing poor people (beggers and similar) as I strongly feel that they are helpless and so they are in such condition. Its not that they chose it to be. So when I see them photographed, I feel something like, a photographer is making fun of or mocking their condition (may not be always true) but I would rather leave them by themselves if I can not help them to alleviate out of that condition.
I came across such picture at the following link.
and I posted my view candidly in the comments. To my great surprise, the guy turned out to be so cheap that he replied me following
einen schönen Urlaub Savyasachiji,
du bist sicher auch ein armer Inder !"
and of course, blocked me from responding back to his comment.
Such an immature individual!! I REALLY felt sorry for him. Seriously, the world would be such a nice place if such individuals disappear from this planet..
I got off a subway once well below Philly but decided to take a shot of the surrounding buildings where you could see the distant larger buildings of downtown in the background. Nearly immediately I was approached by someone asking what I was taking a picture of. I explained that I didn't realize you could still see downtown so clearly from there and wanted to take a picture to show my wife. The guy complained that he didn't need to be in any pictures, but didn't insist that I delete that photo - he just walked away complaining.
I later realized that I was on the corner of the high school and this guy, across the street was probably a drug dealer. When I looked at the picture I took he was actually just standing there looking at me. You would think he would have turned away or something if he was so concerned. What a dope, I mean doper. I guess I should be glad he didn't produce a weapon and proceed to take my camera or something.
permission seems different in different cultures.. and you would have to do your homework.. a nod doens't seem like permission to me.. expecially if you plan to use that photo for profit .. i live in the US and i (as a new photographer) feel uncomfortable to shot people... especially kids.
I was at a balloon fest and a guy was shooting behind my four kids and didn't ask but i just stood in between them and him and he left... then i took that shot since it was really good.. but i felt uncomfortable i didn't know who he was or what he planned to do with the photo...
Concerning cultural differences, one must be very aware of the body language.
For instance, nodding in India is not done the way we are used to in European countries, Japanese people find it inpolite to touch or be touched by strangers, or simply showing your hand palm to say "wait a minute" can be understood "eat my poop" in certain parts of [Spain? Portugal? i don't remember exactly].
hello sir, I am got a new Nokon d40x SLR going to visit simla India next week..i want any body ( help) who is into professional photography who will lend an helping hand during my stay there.i want to click land scapes and be a part of the family of professional photography.
A really useful article - I've been wondering about how best to approach this for a while now!
interesting set of replies...
We have spoken a lot about permission and what and who you are and are not allowed to shoot whilst on public property. The answer, in the UK at least, is that if you are on public property and you don't intend on making money from your photo, you can pretty much shoot anything without a release [airports / prisons / power stations could cause a problem, get permission first] Taking photos of kids is fine, be careful and don't be an idiot if asked what you're doing. [we're not all perverts so why be afraid of this?] Don't take / give candy to kids... I know for a fact that i'd rather not have some stranger give my kid candy for two reasons - health and "don't take candy from strangers" ....I very rarely ask for permission vocally, I will always indicate to my camera or nod a polite hello.. I've not come up against trouble so far [well, there was the italian police women that happened to step into my shot. but let's not go there!] This shot of "Bruce" was a candid, until he looked directly at me... I was already at about 4 frames a second when he looked, so, I didn't get a chance to ask... [I did see him again, two weeks later and gave him a print of this photo - he cried and said "why would anyone want a photo of me"]
Don't be scared to take photos. Everyone needs memories. Be human and extend common courtesy. Feel out your situation, if it doesn't feel right - don't.
Great tips on asking permission regardless of whether you are traveling or not.
A concern: I'm not sure about tip #6. Prolonged eye contact may be inappropriate or even offensive to some people or some cultures, especially if they are of the opposite sex. I don't know if this is true in India but definitely something to keep in mind when traveling.
A question: It's easy to take candid shots when you're amongst friends (especially if they expect you to have a camera in your hand 24/7). But getting candid shots of strangers seems to be at odds with the general rules of politeness. Is it ok to ask permission, take the posed shot then take another when they have gone back to what they were doing?
Keep those DPS tips coming
In some places it is really important to ask for permission to take a photo especially if you are going to publish it or something.
Anyways lots of people already addressed this,I just want to say something else.
When you ask for permission,some people tend to pose or smile which completely ruins the whole purpose of it because when i take a photo(i m still a beginner),i want people to act normal because i want to capture them as they are not with a big smile on their face but that isn't always possible because sometimes it is necessary to ask for permission.
Hello all,
Good question Mandy.
Do you have to get them to sign some kind of model release form - or can you take whatever you like (within reason!) on the street?
I love this blog - first time I've posted though!
This guy also gives some cool advice - http://philipdunn.blogspot.com
I've put it as my website I think but it's not mine!!! I just wish I could take photos like the pros!!
Permission is something I don't know much about, and therefore I don't want to get it wrong!
Some great advice here but would you do it differently if you were going to use and sell the image as a stock photograph?
As an auto writer, I spend time in the paddock and pits at car races. When practical, I always try to "get permission" with a smile & a wave before I shoot. Even still, I still feel like a dirty paparazzi sometimes, especially if I'm shooting someone famous.
I was fortunate to shoot Paul Newman twice at the Toronto Grand Prix last year. The first time, was profile, from a distance so I couldn't ask. The second time I was about 10 feet from him. I smiled & pointed to my camera & he smiled back and nodded. When I was done, I said thank you & he smiled & waved. I felt like I had done the right thing, not to mention I got some great shots.
Does anyone know anything about photographing infrastructure (bridges, dams, public buildings, etc.) in New York City when it's strictly for personel use?
Don't know if any of you guys saw the horrible movie "Touristas" but photographing a child without permission is what starts the trouble for the foreigners.
So what I'm saying is: take a picture without getting permission, and you could possibly be dissected by a crazy doctor.
Just saying.
My aunt recently visited India and she came back with some pretty cool stories, and a few thousand pictures.
1. Children would stop her and ask to have their picture taken.
2. Children always asked for pens. This seems peculiar to me, but it turns out that children in India collect pens from around the world. Children would constantly approach my aunt asking "pen pen pen!!!". So if you want to get some really cheap smiles visit your local businesses or stop by your work and pick up a few handfuls of pens (not just white bic pens or something with no writing on it). This will payoff huge.
3. People (usually middle aged males) would jump into her pictures and then request money for their photo being taken. She never paid them or had a problem with this once she rejected their request, just something to be aware of.
Northern and Southern Inia are very different. Northern is "old school" women are less free. Southern is more liberal ie women are more educated and equal to men.
I have traveled twice to Africa (Egypt and Kenya) and though several places in Latin America. Most people have been very friendly and let me take their picture. On the rare occasion they didn't, they made it very obvious they did not want their picture taken. Every time I have been to a very touristy place (locations in Peru and Egypt primarily)they wanted a tip. I had a pyramid guard tell me to take a picture of him, and then expected a tip when I did.
Showing people the picture can be friendly, but a receipt for disaster. Make sure you know how to tell the kids NOT to touch the camera in their own language. There have been several times when I was in a small village in rural Mexico and almost had the camera ripped out of my hands by a hundred little fingers. I really didn't want to $2500 worth of camera equipment because a group of kids were super excited.
Awesome post and superb topic. i am a novice photographer too, do clicks mostly as hobby but yes whatever you have pin pointed, really worth a lot.
oh btw, I am an indian and all of those guys coming to India, feel free to click over me, will give you pose too. lol.... kidding.
keep the more great topics coming. i am your regular reader. thnx.
This is an interesting article and a very relevant one. My experiences in India have always been that people - especially kids are very happy to have their photo taken. Not really heard of people asking money when their snaps are taken ^_^
All the 10 points and very apt and goes here in India aswell. Apart from all these , I'd put emphasis on not to give any money to anyone in return or you'll be swarmed with beggars and people asking for the same.
Enjoy your trip here in India!
All the 10 points and very apt and goes here in India aswell. Apart from all these , I'd put emphasis on not to give any money to anyone in return or you'll be swarmed with beggars and people asking for the same.
Enjoy your trip here in India!
Being an Indian, I can tell you that it is a photographic paradise. You can shoot children and families and 99.99% of the time no one would mind, unless of course they are in a embarassing situation. Do not be afraid to shoot. You might get a smile from people. People over there aren't really scared or really aware of child perverts and thus shooting kids is no problem at all unlike in the western world where you have to be extra careful pointing a camera at a child. I miss that living here in Canada.
Be careful with your camera at Airports though. Very strict rules regarding photography at airports in India. You might end up paying a big bribe or have your camera confiscated Also be careful of shooting in museums or old palaces. There are certain palaces where you aren't allowed to take pictures, specially with the flash.
As for clicking disadvantaged people, I realy hate that, but if you are into that sort of photography, I think the ethical thing would be to ask them and I doubt anyone would refuse. At the most they may ask for some tips (money) but even 10-20 cents for them might be a lot and I don't think that would be too much to give specially if you are going to take their photograph. But as some above commentors said, they might just be happy seeing their photo in your camera.
Be careful travelling in Delhi after dark. Mumbai and South India are very safe and you don't really need to worry about anything. But as long as you are in the northern belt, be extra careful.
Check out the work of Alice Peperell; she visits India quite a bit and though I believe she is there at the moment and may not have access to her emails, it may be worth dropping her an email and asking for tips.
I bet, the kids would accept candy as payment, my uncle is kind of a globetrotter and has been to many countries with a lot of poverty (India can definitely be counted as one of them) and kids always try to get stuff from tourists, not necessarily because you photographed them, just because many tourist give out money or candy out of pity.
I would always gather information about customs and regulations in countries I go to, just to be on the safe side.
Imagine taking a photo of a chinese soldier or something and end up in jail. Never wise to push your luck.
Steve's comment raises a good point as regards India. A lot will depend on how you travel and where you make pictures. If you're on the typical tourist trip, expect a lot of people near tourist sites to insist on payment (sometimes rather aggressively), and they will not warn you beforehand ;-)
If you want to shoot photos from people, get off the tourist track.
My experience after living three years in India (Delhi) tells me that people mostly will be happy if you take their photo, and even will ask you (not because they want to see how they look on the photo - they often will show no interest in seeing the result - but because it is considered 'auspicious'. While this is a 'hindu' thing, it fades across religions and even muslims (in Old Delhi for instance) often asked me to make a picture (http://www.flickr.com/photos/eyeonasia/2071664026/in/set-72157603321306285/). One exception though: women - this is a socio-cultural thing and you might notice that if women see someone with a camera even from far, they will cover their face (though that is not a general rule, and will depend on the region you will travel in). In any case, you better respect this ! Tips number 3 and 4 will mostly do in India, while most of the tips are worthwhile. Expect that people will 'pose' once you have asked, and mostly will take a very serious position and expression. But Indian people smile easily, and with a smile and a bit of communication you can make them loose their serious position very quickly. Also remember that saying 'no' is considered very harsh and impolite in Indian culture, so you will have to sense what the reaction (will mostly be a head wobble) means. I hope you will enjoy your trip in India !
In India specifically (where I lived for 2 years), asking permission will frequently get an instant demand for "baksheesh," or bribes/tips. A more well-to-do person will clearly not ask for this, but most of the people that you see standing around in a street, especially kids or women with children, are beggars and will expect money in return. Of course, in large cities (Delhi, Mumbai) this will be the case whether you take their photograph or not.
Superfancy: you do not need a release form of any kind in the U.S. as long as you and the subject are on public property, and not in a place where privacy is expected (i.e. a bathroom...yeah just dont do that :D ). However, I don't know about outside the U.S.
A good pamphlet about U.S. Photography law is here:
I know I talk about it a lot but it is actually a really amazingly informative pamphlet that I always bring with me when I shoot.
It depends on the culture of the site you're visiting.
India for photography is a paradise.
I never give any tip or payment. 99% of the times people ask you to take a photograph of them, or of them with you... Very few times they ask for a tip. Please don't give it to them!
They're always happy if you show them the photo.
In countries where cameras are a luxury, and especially with children, a great "reward" for permission to take a shot is simply to show them their own picture on the camera's screen. They often absolutely love seeing themselves, and want you to take more and more pictures so that they can see their poses.
But be careful...doing this can cause a mob of excited little kids all clamoring to see the camera!
Just a heads up on India specifically since it was mentioned. I was there a few years ago and you definitely have to watch our for people expecting a tip of some sort if they think you took their photo.
At one point, we stopped on the side of the road to take a picture of a palace in the middle of a lake. Some nearby kids saw us and ran up in front of us while we were shooting. As we started getting back in the car, they all stuck out their hands expecting payment.
There was another case where our guide informed us ahead of time that if we took a picture of the snake charmer who was performing on the street, he'd require a tip.
I|m from Germany and here the situation is kinda complicated. You can photograph people in public without their permission if they are in a group of people. If you pick someone out, you have to ask him. It's always good to have the person sign a release form, a simple verbal permission is totally worthless in court, the person can always claim not to have given you permission and sue you for violating his privacy if they find themselves in some web gallery.
Just a note on photographing people. I am a Canadian so I take about 50 small Canadian lapel pins which I get from our Member of Parliment for about 15 cents each. On aproaching a subject I give them a pin then after thier thanks, usualy in form of a smile and a knod I point to my camera and then to them with the effect that I have only had one person ever indicate no. In this way I do not have the embaresment of to tip or not to tip.
Good subject, here's a follow up on that which I wonder -- do you know if release forms are required to be signed by subjects outside the US as they (I believe) are in the US in order to be used professionally? (Or perhaps it depends on the outlet?)
Also, if the photos are to be used as stock or assignment is it legally or morally required to pay them a fee, especially if they sign the release?


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I 've been riding Flysurfers for 3 or 4 years now and honestly it happened only once or twice when I couldn't relaunch. I wish I could say the same for my LEI's.
I also tried all kind of stuff to see what performs best in LW and so far my Speed 3 19 or 21 are still the best weapon.

subset: commoncrawl


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WASHINGTON, April 11 (UPI) -- A bipartisan group of senators delayed the public release of a comprehensive proposal to overhaul the U.S. immigration law until next week, senators said.
The measure, which some senators earlier said could be released as early as Thursday, is expected to go before the Senate Judiciary Committee next week and advance to the floor of the Democratic-controlled Senate for a vote before the Memorial Day holiday weekend at the end of May, Sen. Robert Menendez, D-N.J., said.
Judiciary Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., said the committee would have an immigration hearing Wednesday.
But hurdles remain, The Washington Post said, especially in the GOP-controlled House, where most Republicans say they oppose letting unauthorized immigrants become citizens.
Menendez, one of the bipartisan Gang of Eight senators working on the agreement, told an immigration-reform rally outside the U.S. Capitol Wednesday he believed the compromise Senate bill would become law by the end of the year.
"It is in the nation's interest, in the economic interests of the United States and in the security interests of the United States," said Menendez, who spoke in English and Spanish.
Many at the rally called for the law to offer a direct path to citizenship for the estimated 11 million immigrants living in the United States without legal permission.
The Gang of Eight has largely agreed on the bill, which several news organizations report would require tough border measures before people living in the country illegally can take the first steps toward becoming U.S. citizens.
As drafted, the legislation would provide up to $3.5 billion for the Department of Homeland Security to set up a five-year border security plan.
President Barack Obama, who has made immigration reform a second-term priority after winning 71 percent of the Latino vote in November, has vowed to introduce his own bill if the senators are unable to produce a proposal this month.
"I believe that we can get comprehensive immigration reform passed," Obama said at a Democratic National Committee fundraiser in California a week ago.
"That is going to mean that America can continue to be a nation of laws, but also a nation of immigrants, and attract the best and the brightest from all around the world," he said. "And if we push hard and we stay focused, we've got the opportunity to get this done over the next couple of months."
Lawmakers first said they hoped the proposal would be ready in March, then in early April.
Meanwhile, immigrant advocates say 1,000 people are being deported every day.
Obama has told the advocates he will still do the deportations because stopping them would anger the GOP when he needs its support for the comprehensive bill, the Post said.


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West Huntspill wind farm developer approaches Court of Appeal
Credit: This is The West Country | 22nd July 2014 | www.thisisthewestcountry.co.uk ~~
Anti wind farm campaigners have vowed to continue their five-year battle against a scheme in West Huntspill after being dealt another blow by the developer.
Ecotricity (Next Generation) challenged Secretary of State Eric Pickles' decision in February to throw out its application to build four 120m turbines on land south of Poplar Farm, known as Black Ditch.
As reported, the judge dismissed the challenge following a hearing at the High Court on June 27.
But, speaking to the Weekly News on Tuesday, Ecotricity announced it has applied to take the case to the Court of Appeal.
A spokesman said: "We maintain there were discrepancies in the Secretary of State's decision and believe that Black Ditch is absolutely a correct location for a wind farm of this size.
"We have applied for permission to the Court of Appeal to hear our case.
"The proposed wind farm, which could power well over 6,000 average UK homes, would be Somerset's first multi-turbine wind farm."
If given permission – which could take around three months – the firm can appeal.
Roger Lucken, chairman of the No Huntspill Wind Farm Action Group, said the group is "frustrated and concerned" following the news.
He said: "It's difficult for a community group to keep going because of all the money, time and effort it has taken to get this far. We feel like they are trying to wear us down – but we won't give in.
"There must be a legal process they can go through even if the Court of Appeal denies their request.
"We can't do anything about it because the dispute is between the Secretary of State and Ecotricity.
"We still don't think they have a leg to stand on and we're reasonably confident the judgement will be recognised as being correct."
For the full background on this story search 'Ecotricity' at burnhamandhighbridgeweeklynews.co.uk
This article is the work of the source indicated. Any opinions expressed in it are not necessarily those of National Wind Watch.
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The Center
The AT&T Executive Education and Conference Center is located downtown on the northwest corner of Martin Luther King Boulevard and University Avenue, at the south entrance to The University of Texas at Austin. The Center is four blocks from the Texas State Capitol and eight miles from Austin-Bergstrom International Airport.
Directions from Austin-Bergstrom International Airport
Drive west on SH 71 from the airport. In approximately 1 mile, exit north onto US-183. Continue roughly
2 miles to Airport Boulevard and exit. Follow Airport approximately 2.5 miles, then turn left onto East Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard.
Stay on MLK past IH-35. You will notice the University of Texas campus on your right and the Texas State Capitol on your left. The Center will be on your right, just past the Blanton Museum of Art and the Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum.


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Impaired lymphangiogenesis is a complication of chronic complex diseases, including diabetes. VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling promotes lymphangiogenesis, but how this pathway is affected in diabetes remains poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that loss of epsins 1 and 2 in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) prevented VEGF-C–induced VEGFR3 from endocytosis and degradation. Here, we report that diabetes attenuated VEGF-C–induced lymphangiogenesis in corneal micropocket and Matrigel plug assays in WT mice but not in mice with inducible lymphatic-specific deficiency of epsins 1 and 2 (LEC-iDKO). Consistently, LECs isolated from diabetic LEC-iDKO mice elevated in vitro proliferation, migration, and tube formation in response to VEGF-C over diabetic WT mice. Mechanistically, ROS produced in diabetes induced c-Src–dependent but VEGF-C–independent VEGFR3 phosphorylation, and upregulated epsins through the activation of transcription factor AP-1. Augmented epsins bound to and promoted degradation of newly synthesized VEGFR3 in the Golgi, resulting in reduced availability of VEGFR3 at the cell surface. Preclinically, the loss of lymphatic-specific epsins alleviated insufficient lymphangiogenesis and accelerated the resolution of tail edema in diabetic mice. Collectively, our studies indicate that inhibiting expression of epsins in diabetes protects VEGFR3 against degradation and ameliorates diabetes-triggered inhibition of lymphangiogenesis, thereby providing a novel potential therapeutic strategy to treat diabetic complications.
Hao Wu, H.N. Ashiqur Rahman, Yunzhou Dong, Xiaolei Liu, Yang Lee, Aiyun Wen, Kim H.T. To, Li Xiao, Amy E. Birsner, Lauren Bazinet, Scott Wong, Kai Song, Megan L. Brophy, M. Riaj Mahamud, Baojun Chang, Xiaofeng Cai, Satish Pasula, Sukyoung Kwak, Wenxia Yang, Joyce Bischoff, Jian Xu, Diane R. Bielenberg, J. Brandon Dixon, Robert J. D'Amato, R. Sathish Srinivasan, Hong Chen
Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2), an airway epithelial pattern recognition receptor (PRR), participates in the genesis of house dust mite–induced (HDM-induced) asthma. Here, we hypothesized that lung endothelial cells and proangiogenic hematopoietic progenitor cells (PACs) that express high levels of PAR-2 contribute to the initiation of atopic asthma. HDM extract (HDME) protease allergens were found deep in the airway mucosa and breaching the endothelial barrier. Lung endothelial cells and PACs released the Th2-promoting cytokines IL-1α and GM-CSF in response to HDME, and the endothelium had PAC-derived VEGF-C–dependent blood vessel sprouting. Blockade of the angiogenic response by inhibition of VEGF-C signaling lessened the development of inflammation and airway remodeling in the HDM model. Reconstitution of the bone marrow in WT mice with PAR-2–deficient bone marrow also reduced airway inflammation and remodeling. Adoptive transfer of PACs that had been exposed to HDME induced angiogenesis and Th2 inflammation with remodeling similar to that induced by allergen challenge. Our findings identify that lung endothelium and PACs in the airway sense allergen and elicit an angiogenic response that is central to the innate nonimmune origins of Th2 inflammation.
Kewal Asosingh, Kelly Weiss, Kimberly Queisser, Nicholas Wanner, Mei Yin, Mark Aronica, Serpil Erzurum
Although nonmalignant stromal cells facilitate tumor growth and can occupy up to 90% of a solid tumor mass, better strategies to exploit these cells for improved cancer therapy are needed. Here, we describe a potent MMAE-linked antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8, also known as ANTXR1), a highly conserved transmembrane receptor broadly overexpressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelium, and pericytes. Anti-TEM8 ADC elicited potent anticancer activity through an unexpected killing mechanism we term DAaRTS (drug activation and release through stroma), whereby the tumor microenvironment localizes active drug at the tumor site. Following capture of ADC prodrug from the circulation, tumor-associated stromal cells release active MMAE free drug, killing nearby proliferating tumor cells in a target-independent manner. In preclinical studies, ADC treatment was well tolerated and induced regression and often eradication of multiple solid tumor types, blocked metastatic growth, and prolonged overall survival. By exploiting TEM8+ tumor stroma for targeted drug activation, these studies reveal a drug delivery strategy with potential to augment therapies against multiple cancer types.
Christopher Szot, Saurabh Saha, Xiaoyan M. Zhang, Zhongyu Zhu, Mary Beth Hilton, Karen Morris, Steven Seaman, James M. Dunleavey, Kuo-Sheng Hsu, Guo-Jun Yu, Holly Morris, Deborah A. Swing, Diana C. Haines, Yanping Wang, Jennifer Hwang, Yang Feng, Dean Welsch, Gary DeCrescenzo, Amit Chaudhary, Enrique Zudaire, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Brad St. Croix
Intake of hemoglobin by the hemoglobin-haptoglobin receptor CD163 leads to a distinct alternative non–foam cell antiinflammatory macrophage phenotype that was previously considered atheroprotective. Here, we reveal an unexpected but important pathogenic role for these macrophages in atherosclerosis. Using human atherosclerotic samples, cultured cells, and a mouse model of advanced atherosclerosis, we investigated the role of intraplaque hemorrhage on macrophage function with respect to angiogenesis, vascular permeability, inflammation, and plaque progression. In human atherosclerotic lesions, CD163+ macrophages were associated with plaque progression, microvascularity, and a high level of HIF1α and VEGF-A expression. We observed irregular vascular endothelial cadherin in intraplaque microvessels surrounded by CD163+ macrophages. Within these cells, activation of HIF1α via inhibition of prolyl hydroxylases promoted VEGF-mediated increases in intraplaque angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and inflammatory cell recruitment. CD163+ macrophages increased intraplaque endothelial VCAM expression and plaque inflammation. Subjects with homozygous minor alleles of the SNP rs7136716 had elevated microvessel density, increased expression of CD163 in ruptured coronary plaques, and a higher risk of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease in population cohorts. Thus, our findings highlight a nonlipid-driven mechanism by which alternative macrophages promote plaque angiogenesis, leakiness, inflammation, and progression via the CD163/HIF1α/VEGF-A pathway.
Liang Guo, Hirokuni Akahori, Emanuel Harari, Samantha L. Smith, Rohini Polavarapu, Vinit Karmali, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Rachel L. Gannon, Ryan E. Braumann, Megan H. Dickinson, Anuj Gupta, Audrey L. Jenkins, Michael J. Lipinski, Johoon Kim, Peter Chhour, Paul S. de Vries, Hiroyuki Jinnouchi, Robert Kutys, Hiroyoshi Mori, Matthew D. Kutyna, Sho Torii, Atsushi Sakamoto, Cheol Ung Choi, Qi Cheng, Megan L. Grove, Mariem A. Sawan, Yin Zhang, Yihai Cao, Frank D. Kolodgie, David P. Cormode, Dan E. Arking, Eric Boerwinkle, Alanna C. Morrison, Jeanette Erdmann, Nona Sotoodehnia, Renu Virmani, Aloke V. Finn
The endothelial tyrosine kinase receptor Tie1 remains poorly characterized, largely owing to its orphan receptor status. Global Tie1 inactivation causes late embryonic lethality, thereby reflecting its importance during development. Tie1 also plays pivotal roles during pathologies such as atherosclerosis and tumorigenesis. In order to study the contribution of Tie1 to tumor progression and metastasis, we conditionally deleted Tie1 in endothelial cells at different stages of tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Tie1 deletion during primary tumor growth in mice led to a decrease in microvessel density and an increase in mural cell coverage with improved vessel perfusion. Reduced angiogenesis and enhanced vascular normalization resulted in a progressive increase of intratumoral necrosis that caused a growth delay only at later stages of tumor progression. Concomitantly, surgical removal of the primary tumor decreased the number of circulating tumor cells, reduced metastasis, and prolonged overall survival. Additionally, Tie1 deletion in experimental murine metastasis models prevented extravasation of tumor cells into the lungs and reduced metastatic foci. Taken together, the data support Tie1 as a therapeutic target by defining its regulatory functions during angiogenesis and vascular abnormalization and identifying its role during metastasis.
Silvia La Porta, Lise Roth, Mahak Singhal, Carolin Mogler, Carleen Spegg, Benjamin Schieb, Xianghu Qu, Ralf H. Adams, H. Scott Baldwin, Soniya Savant, Hellmut G. Augustin
Adaptation to respiration at birth depends upon the synthesis of pulmonary surfactant, a lipid-protein complex that reduces surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the alveoli and prevents lung collapse during the ventilatory cycle. Herein, we demonstrated that the gene encoding a subunit of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex, EMC3, also known as TMEM111 (Emc3/Tmem111), was required for murine pulmonary surfactant synthesis and lung function at birth. Conditional deletion of Emc3 in murine embryonic lung epithelial cells disrupted the synthesis and packaging of surfactant lipids and proteins, impaired the formation of lamellar bodies, and induced the unfolded protein response in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells. EMC3 was essential for the processing and routing of surfactant proteins, SP-B and SP-C, and the biogenesis of the phospholipid transport protein ABCA3. Transcriptomic, lipidomic, and proteomic analyses demonstrated that EMC3 coordinates the assembly of lipids and proteins in AT2 cells that is necessary for surfactant synthesis and function at birth.
Xiaofang Tang, John M. Snowball, Yan Xu, Cheng-Lun Na, Timothy E. Weaver, Geremy Clair, Jennifer E. Kyle, Erika M. Zink, Charles Ansong, Wei Wei, Meina Huang, Xinhua Lin, Jeffrey A. Whitsett
Mast cells are classically thought to play an important role in protection against helminth infections and in the induction of allergic diseases; however, recent studies indicate that these cells also contribute to neovascularization, which is critical for tissue remodeling, chronic inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that mast cells are essential for sprouting angiogenesis in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Although mouse strains lacking mast cells did not exhibit retinal neovascularization following hypoxia, these mice developed OIR following infusion of mast cells or after injection of mast cell tryptase (MCT). Relative hypoxia stimulated mast cell degranulation via transient receptor potential ankyrin 1. Subsequent surges in MCT stimulated retinal endothelial cells to produce monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1) and angiogenic factors, leading to sprouting angiogenesis. Mast cell stabilizers as well as specific tryptase and MCP1 inhibitors prevented the development of OIR in WT mice. Preterm infants with early retinopathy of prematurity had markedly higher plasma MCT levels than age-matched infants without disease, suggesting mast cells contribute to human disease. Together, these results suggest therapies that suppress mast cell activity should be further explored as a potential option for preventing eye diseases and subsequent blindness induced by neovascularization.
Kenshiro Matsuda, Noriko Okamoto, Masatoshi Kondo, Peter D. Arkwright, Kaoru Karasawa, Saori Ishizaka, Shinichi Yokota, Akira Matsuda, Kyungsook Jung, Kumiko Oida, Yosuke Amagai, Hyosun Jang, Eiichiro Noda, Ryota Kakinuma, Koujirou Yasui, Uiko Kaku, Yasuo Mori, Nobuyuki Onai, Toshiaki Ohteki, Akane Tanaka, Hiroshi Matsuda
Demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) leads to severe neurological deficits that can be partially reversed by spontaneous remyelination. Because the CNS is isolated from the peripheral milieu by the blood-brain barrier, remyelination is thought to be controlled by the CNS microenvironment. However, in this work we found that factors derived from peripheral tissue leak into the CNS after injury and promote remyelination in a murine model of toxin-induced demyelination. Mechanistically, leakage of circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which is predominantly expressed by the pancreas, drives proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) through interactions with β-klotho, an essential coreceptor of FGF21. We further confirmed that human OPCs expressed β-klotho and proliferated in response to FGF21 in vitro. Vascular barrier disruption is a common feature of many CNS disorders; thus, our findings reveal a potentially important role for the peripheral milieu in promoting CNS regeneration.
Mariko Kuroda, Rieko Muramatsu, Noriko Maedera, Yoshihisa Koyama, Machika Hamaguchi, Harutoshi Fujimura, Mari Yoshida, Morichika Konishi, Nobuyuki Itoh, Hideki Mochizuki, Toshihide Yamashita
Angiogenesis is a multistep process that requires coordinated migration, proliferation, and junction formation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to form new vessel branches in response to growth stimuli. Major intracellular signaling pathways that regulate angiogenesis have been well elucidated, but key transcriptional regulators that mediate these signaling pathways and control EC behaviors are only beginning to be understood. Here, we show that YAP/TAZ, a transcriptional coactivator that acts as an end effector of Hippo signaling, is critical for sprouting angiogenesis and vascular barrier formation and maturation. In mice, endothelial-specific deletion of Yap/Taz led to blunted-end, aneurysm-like tip ECs with fewer and dysmorphic filopodia at the vascular front, a hyper-pruned vascular network, reduced and disarranged distributions of tight and adherens junction proteins, disrupted barrier integrity, subsequent hemorrhage in growing retina and brain vessels, and reduced pathological choroidal neovascularization. Mechanistically, YAP/TAZ activates actin cytoskeleton remodeling, an important component of filopodia formation and junction assembly. Moreover, YAP/TAZ coordinates EC proliferation and metabolic activity by upregulating MYC signaling. Overall, these results show that YAP/TAZ plays multifaceted roles for EC behaviors, proliferation, junction assembly, and metabolism in sprouting angiogenesis and barrier formation and maturation and could be a potential therapeutic target for treating neovascular diseases.
Jongshin Kim, Yoo Hyung Kim, Jaeryung Kim, Do Young Park, Hosung Bae, Da-Hye Lee, Kyun Hoo Kim, Seon Pyo Hong, Seung Pil Jang, Yoshiaki Kubota, Young-Guen Kwon, Dae-Sik Lim, Gou Young Koh
The mechanisms that promote the generation of new coronary vasculature during cardiac homeostasis and after injury remain a fundamental and clinically important area of study in the cardiovascular field. Recently, it was reported that mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition (MEndoT) contributes to substantial numbers of coronary endothelial cells after myocardial infarction. Therefore, the MEndoT has been proposed as a paradigm mediating neovascularization and is considered a promising therapeutic target in cardiac regeneration. Here, we show that preexisting endothelial cells mainly beget new coronary vessels in the adult mouse heart, with essentially no contribution from other cell sources through cell-lineage transdifferentiation. Genetic-lineage tracing revealed that cardiac fibroblasts expand substantially after injury, but do not contribute to the formation of new coronary blood vessels, indicating no contribution of MEndoT to neovascularization. Moreover, genetic-lineage tracing with a pulse-chase labeling strategy also showed that essentially all new coronary vessels in the injured heart are derived from preexisting endothelial cells, but not from other cell lineages. These data indicate that therapeutic strategies for inducing neovascularization should not be based on targeting presumptive lineage transdifferentiation such as MEndoT. Instead, preexisting endothelial cells appear more likely to be the therapeutic target for promoting neovascularization and driving heart regeneration after injury.
Lingjuan He, Xiuzhen Huang, Onur Kanisicak, Yi Li, Yue Wang, Yan Li, Wenjuan Pu, Qiaozhen Liu, Hui Zhang, Xueying Tian, Huan Zhao, Xiuxiu Liu, Shaohua Zhang, Yu Nie, Shengshou Hu, Xiang Miao, Qing-Dong Wang, Fengchao Wang, Ting Chen, Qingbo Xu, Kathy O. Lui, Jeffery D. Molkentin, Bin Zhou
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Casper Suicide — Suicide Girl of the Day
Casper is a 26-year-old Suicide Girl, student and stripper from Oregon who says assertive men and shy women turn her on. Wanna know what else? It's a long list.
NAME: Casper Suicide
LOCATION: Oregon, USA
OCCUPATION: Shady lady, student, stripper. Oh yeah.
CURRENT CRUSH: Has a beard.
GETS ME HOT: Tall men and little ladies, sharp eyes and dirty hair, big hair, tight pants, veined hands, strong hands, assertive men and shy women, people who can stick up for themselves, the ones they love and what they believe in.
FANTASY: I'm a realist.
MOST HUMBLING MOMENT: When I accept my weaknesses.
I LOST MY VIRGINITY: I realize now, that I never lost a thing.
CIGARETTES: Nope.
MY KINK FACTOR: I'm saving myself for Jesus!
INTO: Seeing old people holding hands, singing, having a sore throat so my voice sounds deeper, hitting all the green lights, anticipation, honesty, not being hungry, a nice buzz, a room with a view, coming home to a man who loves me, when i feel vindicated and when I feel alive.
MAKES ME HAPPY: Knowing who I am and what I can be.
MAKES ME SAD: More likely it makes me angry.
HOBBIES: Sewing, reading, typing, thinking, poodle-rearing.
5 THINGS I CAN'T LIVE WITHOUT: Shelter, food, clothing, water, car.
VICES: Saying the eff word.
I SPEND MOST OF MY FREE TIME: Thinking about what to do next.
SuicideGirls is a community that celebrates alternative beauty and alternative culture from all over the world. Since 2001, tens of thousands of models have submitted millions of photos to their website hoping to become SuicideGirls.


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The information shared here is extracted directly from the U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics. Universities that sponsor the Online Degree Database may add other institutional details as part of their sponsorship benefits.


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The Houston Astros offer one of the most dynamic and unique places to have any type of portrait taken at Minute Maid Park!
Whether it be engagement, wedding, family, or senior photos, Minute Maid Park is the perfect venue to take your spectacular, one of a kind pictures for those special occasions in your life.
Fill out the form below to request information on having your portrait taken at Minute Maid Park. You can also call or email us today to book your next photo session. 713-259-8800 or firstname.lastname@example.com
Please note: You will have your own photographer


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Give the Falcons credit for perspective, and kindness.
A day after Panthers defensive end Greg Hardy said his 3-9 team was better than the 11-1 Falcons, the Falcons reacted the way you'd pat a child on the top of the head when they say something cute.
"What else is he going to say at this point? They haven't won that many games," Falcons tight end Tony Gonzalez said, via Michael Cunningham of the Atlanta Journal Constitution. "And you know they are going to compete. They always compete. That's part of the fun. That's why we play the game. We have got to go out there and see if we can prove him wrong.
Not escalating a silly war of words seemed to be the consensus.
"They've got to say something," Falcons wideout Roddy White said with a grin. "They are fighting. They are holding on. They are in a different position than we are. They are trying to save the rest of their season and we are trying to prepare ourselves for this playoff run. Whatever you say to get yourself going or motivate yourself on Sunday, then you've got to do what you've got to do.
"Those guys played well against us last time so I can't really talk about him and what he said. They had seven sacks so you might not want to get those guys all riled up. Just let 'em sleep."
Seems that Hardy might be asleep. Because that's when dreams happen.


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Sunday, 6 September 2009
Describe Adonis, And The Counterfeit Is Poorly Imitated After You.
No words or concepts can capture this, whatever it is we're attempting to describe. There is no true path to it. There is no perfect pointer. Labeling it "unconditional love, that accepts all and cannot reject itself" or "the only constant, awareness, the center around which life flows" is unimportant. There is no manual that describes the perfect way to be. Words describing immediate, direct experience, where there is no doer, only what is done, are still a description. Whether the ego is rejected, or seen through and embraced, doesn't matter. Whether frantic seekers "get this" or not matters not; if not getting it is what is, that is what is. Perhaps meditation is the key, and the drooping seeker finally rests in awareness, directly and flawlessly, just pure being. That may be the goal, but it is no better or worse than any other. Whether the conditioning of the mind/body is broken down and dissected and finally defeated, or whether that conditioning is seen as the character, choiceless and not needing any meddling with - neither of these is the goal; or perhaps, both of them are. Whatever it is, it is this. Whatever this is, it is. Life is its own purpose, and the appearance of life is simply what is seems to be, whatever that is. There's no way to get it wrong; there's no way to get it right. Whatever your responses or reactions seem to be, they are perfect. No matter how definitively absolute awareness is described, it is nothing more nor less than this; and even such simplicity is only a description. There is nobody that needs to "awaken". We are all "awake", whether it is seen as "there is no one", or whether it is seen as "there is only love"; whether it is insisted upon that awakening can never occur without others, or that awakening must occur in solitude; whether a lucid life, seen through as a dream, is taken hold of and lived to the fullest, or whether a complete surrender happens and the doer is taken for a wild ride, in free-fall. It is all just as it is.
17 comments:
- Svante Odmark said...
Words of clear seeing. Greatly appreciated here. Thank you, love.
- 6 September 2009 at 13:52
- No One In Particular said...
You're welcome Sweetie!
- 6 September 2009 at 14:03
- No Plane Zen said...
Boots! :-D
- 6 September 2009 at 15:45
- No One In Particular said...
Wearing hats.
- 6 September 2009 at 16:35
- No Plane Zen said...
Or hats wearing boots.
- 6 September 2009 at 18:35
lol, its a bit frustrating to me knowing im awake yet im asleep still. I just want to wake up and re-discover whatever i've been this whole time!
That was a lovely piece :)
- 6 September 2009 at 19:44
- Gorilla Bananas said...
I feel most awake when I'm having a snooze after lunch. Dreaming on a full stomach is more real than waking up on an empty one.
- 6 September 2009 at 21:49
- Charlie said...
Suzanne! The Seeing-Knowing is so full, so eloquent-beyond-words. Thank you so much. I Love You.
- 7 September 2009 at 01:21
- No One In Particular said...
Whoa, Charlie! I am honoured. Does this mean I go on your list of favourites?
- 7 September 2009 at 06:18
- No One In Particular said...
Bananas - obviously, being satiated is what you always need.
- 7 September 2009 at 06:40
- No One In Particular said...
liberatedself - you are what you are. Wherever you go, there you are!
- 7 September 2009 at 06:41
- Wellness Education Institute said...
VERY nice.
- 8 September 2009 at 14:37
- No One In Particular said...
Lenny! You've been missed.
- 8 September 2009 at 17:28
- Brenda said...
I miss seeing the long-haired girl and the beautiful clown. Please send them my regards, as I had grown quite fond of them.
- 9 September 2009 at 23:18
- No One In Particular said...
Nothing to miss, Brenda - they are you too. In a manner of speaking!
- 10 September 2009 at 08:35
- Brenda said...
oh my oh my i love that sane religion poem and i put it on my site with an @ to you and i love your site too su, despite the appearance of word verification idioticies like "bacrenvi" huh?
- 10 September 2009 at 22:54
- No One In Particular said...
Hi Brenda, my favourite word verification ever was "blughout enow".
- 11 September 2009 at 05:38