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Star Island Resort & Club
Star Island Resort and Club is located approximately 4 miles from the Walt Disney World Resort and is close to all popular central Florida theme parks, shopping malls and a variety of dining and entertainment options. Our Mediterranean styled Resort and Spa features mini suites to three bedroom deluxe villas that are designed for your ultimate comfort and luxurious living. The unique villas can accommodate from 4 to 8 of your family and friends and most villas feature full kitchen and dining facilities, private balcony, master bedroom with king sized bed, whirlpool for two and separate shower. Star Island Resort and Club provides a wide range of recreational activities for the entire family, including tennis, golf driving range, putting green, sandy beach on Lake Cecile, water sports, volleyball and basketball courts, picnic area, and swimming in our zero-entry outdoor pool. Guests can work out in our extensive fitness center with cardiovascular equipment, free weights, steam rooms, saunas and spa tubs. Organized children's activities include arts and crafts, hula-hoop contests and ice cream socials, (fees may apply). Take time to relax in our full service Celebrity Spa (surcharge) providing manicures, pedicures, massage therapy, body treatments and full salon services. For your enjoyment, cocktails and light fare are served at a poolside bar. Complimentary items includewireless internet, self parking, bucket of golf balls daily at 8:30 am and weekly tennis clinic


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Nice pair of leg warmers from Specialized. Comfortable and easy to use. Will keep your warm.
Why buy a pair of leg warmers?
Loose legs are always lovely to have. They can almost always be used during autumn/spring and during rides in the mountains. They are perfect to have in the back pocket if the weather conditions are changing. Loose legs can also be used during warmup before riding.
- Comfortable and sweat transporting
- Breathable
- Original Pro team clothing
Our packages are shipped with FedEx and are insured with a tracking number. Your tracking number can be found in the mail and text you receive after the purchase.
FedEx International Economy:
Delivery time worldwide is typically 1-7 working days depending on delivery place. Some countries (ex. Russia), can take longer because of the country's regulations and laws. The shipping rate is between 8€ and 18€ for this service. Countries within EU will receive free shipping on orders above 150€.
FedEx International Priority:
Delivery time worldwide with priority is typically 1-2 working days depending on delivery place. Some countries (ex. Russia), can take longer because of the country's regulations and laws.The shipping cost is between 16€ and 35€ for this service.
You have the right to return your purchase within 14 days for a refund.
You will have your order refund back within 14 days after we receive your package. We will refund the amount of the products and not the shipping charges you paid when you made your purchase.
We do not pay for return shipping fee.
For more information, please visit our page returns.
All our items are always original pro-owned from pro cycling teams and cyclists.
Our products are stated with the badges "pre-owned" or "unused". Pre-owned means that the product has been used by a professional rider. Unused means that the product has not been used yet.
Not all our unused products are in original packaging though.
What is my size?
To find your size can be difficult – specially when there are many different brands which have different fittings, but don't worry we are here to help you.
The model on all product pictures is 182 cm high and weights 73 kg, and uses size Small in most of the products. You can fill the formular below, send it, and afterwards we will send you a mail on which size you need. It is also necessary to link the products (Or the SKU) that you are interested in, because most of the brands can be different in the size.
We will always advice our customers to ride in tight clothes. You can read more in the other tab "It must sit tight" or by watching the video.
It has to sit tight
If you ever are in doubt about how tight a cycling jersey or your bib-shorts are supposed to be on you – there are some things to be aware of. The tighter the better – a good example of why this is important could be the bib-shorts. If you go for a longer ride and your shorts is not tight, you might end up with with pain in your bum – You always want to make sure, that everything is "in place" and does not move while riding this is something you can insure by using bib-shorts sitting tight on you, you will properly get a more comfortable ride.
Another thing to be aware of is that when you use cycling clothes sitting tight on you will break the wind better, which will result in better aerodynamic.
Watch the video below to see how big of a difference a tight clothes does in the video below
Need help?
Get personal and professional support
Oscar Bjørn-Rosager
Partner and customer responsible
We have many years of experience within the cycling world.
You are always welcome to contact us if you have any questions. We answer emails within 24 hours.


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A hands on sorting activity that gets children reading words aloud and deciding if they are the phoneme sound 'ie' or an alternative pronunciation. Games are available for all 15 sounds. - Printable Classroom Activities and Games by Teacher's Pet. Primary school resources, including premium downloadable, printable classroom activities and games. Resources for Early Years (EYFS), KS1 and KS2 including challenge cards, board games, CVC, VCOP, stickers, posters, wordmats, signs, roleplay activities and much much more! A sparklebox alternative! - letters, sounds, phonics, alternate, phoneme
This website requires "Adobe Flash Player"
Click Here to download.


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You know, for all that "no one can hear you scream in space" crap, space sounds pretty bloody scary. Check out the sounds that Juno recoded as it was passing Earth to speed up on its way to Jupiter.
But while it sounds like screaming interdimensional demons, it's actually Earth's magnetosphere. The radio signals were recorded by Juno's Waves instrument trying to catch the "Hi" sent in morse code by 1,400 radio amateurs throughout the world.
You can learn more about this experiment in this video:
SPLOID is a new blog about awesome stuff. Join us in Facebook.


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We recently made a video from the Virtual Pottery Wheel that is part of Unfold's L'Artisan Electronique installation. We have already a slightly better version where you need to manually spin the wheel to spin the virtual model vs. the automatic rotation in this video but no video yet of that.
Saturday, February 19, 2011
Sunday, February 13, 2011
Video - Jonathan Keep
Excuse the quality of the video but I hope it can give some idea of the processes I am going through to print pots. To ensure a good flow of clay ooze during a print I remix, blend just enough clay to fill a syringe for each print. The video does not show it but the syringe is attached to an air compressor, you can see the air hose, and it is set at about 3 Bars of pressure.
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A gunman opened fire on a home in the Austin neighborhood Sunday morning after an argument at a party, wounding six people, including a high school basketball star, police and hospital officials said.
The shooting happened around 3:30 a.m. in the 4900 block of West Race Avenue on the West Side, said Officer Hector Alfaro, a Chicago Police Department spokesman.
The shooter left the home after a dispute with another person, returned with a gun and shot into the home, Alfaro said.
Bullets struck six people.
Tyquone Greer, a Division I college basketball prospect at Orr Academy High School, was one of three victims taken to Stroger Hospital, a hospital official said.
Greer and his family could not be reached for comment Sunday. But his coach, Louis Adams, said Greer was home from the hospital and is expected to make a full recovery.
"He's doing pretty well," Adams said. "Fortunately the bullet went in and out." Two others were taken to Stroger and were stabilized, a 17-year-old boy shot in the face and an 18-year-old man shot in the arm, police said.
A 20-year-old man shot in the chest, back and leg was taken to Mount Sinai Hospital, where he was listed in serious condition. A 22-year-old man was also taken to Mount Sinai with a gunshot wound to the calf. His condition was stabilized, police said.
About the same time, a 20-year-old woman arrived at Loretto Hospital shot in the abdomen and lower leg. She was transferred to Mount Sinai Medical Center and listed in serious condition.
Police did not immediately take anyone into custody or release a suspect description.
Greer's team is considered a favorite in the Class 3A basketball tournament. Asked whether he had heard from a lot of college coaches Sunday, Adams said he had taken "a million calls."
"With the grace of God, everything is going to be OK with his career. … Right now we just want the kid to get well."
Freelance reporter Mike Helfgot contributed.
firstname.lastname@example.com | Twitter: @AdamSege


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Fox Resurrects ACA "Death Panels" Myth
Video ››› ››› MEDIA MATTERS STAFF
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Fox News attempted to spin reports that some health insurance plans that do not meet minimum standards under the Affordable Care Act will be discontinued as a "new Obamacare bombshell" and death blow to the health care law.
The October 9 edition of America's Newsroom raised concerns over recent news that some health insurance plans not in compliance with the Affordable Care Act would be cancelled at the end of the year. Fox Business host Stuart Varney declared the cancellations to be a "political bombshell." The previous day, network host Shannon Bream called news of the cancelled plans a "new Obamacare controversy."
A headline on FoxNews.com declared that the canceled plans were evidence of an "Obamacare Death Knell":
Of course, the cancellation of plans that do not meet minimum coverage requirements was always a "part of the design of the health care law," as the New York Times explained, and meant to allow new insurance plans to be "more comprehensive and fair, with prices less variable by customers' ages and health status."
Last year, the Obama administration delayed the requirement that all plans cover a minimum standard of health benefits and medical bills, giving states the ability to allow insurers to extend existing plans that were not up to par -- something many states and insurance providers opted against. As the Washington Post reported, federal policy allows these non-compliant plans to continue through 2017 in some states, but some insurers are cancelling them now in favor of ACA-compliant plans.
Non-compliant plans which fall short of now-basic standards can be dangerous to the policy holder -- as studies show being underinsured carries many of the same risks as lacking insurance all together. As a spokesperson for the Department of Health and Human Services told the Post, those who may lose their non-compliant plans will "have access to better options through the health-insurance marketplace . . . [including] the opportunity to qualify for financial assistance to help them afford premiums and improved consumer protections."
Fox also ignored the realities of the insurance market -- these insurance plans may have been discontinued anyway. According to Georgetown University's Center on Health Insurance Reforms (CHIR), most consumers have year-long policies with health insurance companies that often changed at the end of the policy year, and "in most states insurers are allowed to increase premiums, increase cost-sharing, and/or reduce the scope of benefits covered."
Such phony outrage over discontinued plans is just the latest in Fox News' sustained campaign to undermine the ACA with misinformation, spin, and zombie lies -- despite news that the health care law has greatly reduced the nation's uninsured rate.
Following the Obama administration's announcement that 7.3 million Americans have enrolled in Obamacare, Fox News dishonestly spun the enrollment numbers as proof both of the law's failure and that the administration inflated its initial numbers.
The September 18 announcement that 7.3 million Americans are enrolled in health insurance plans through the Obamacare exchanges incited a new wave of right-wing criticisms and accusations over the health care reform law.
On the September 22 edition of Special Report, Fox's chief national correspondent Jim Angle spun the enrollment numbers, reporting that "President Obama's repeated claims about enrollment in Obamacare are getting a significant downgrade," pointing to "erosion" of 700,000 enrollments from the 8 million plans that had been selected by the end of open enrollment in April:
A Fox News correspondent blamed the Obama administration's tweaks to the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) for the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO) announcement that it would no longer estimate the total cost of the law, and suggested that the changes may increase deficits. In fact, the CBO and budget experts explained that the CBO routinely stops providing budgetary estimates once a law is implemented, and that the CBO's estimate that the ACA would reduce the deficit remains correct.
Fox News hyped a lawsuit by Republican Senator Ron Johnson (WI) against the federal government to revive the long-debunked myth that Congress got exemptions from the Affordable Care Act by receiving the same employer contribution for its insurance that it traditionally received.
Fox News attempted to discredit a Congressional Budget Office report that estimated lower costs for the Affordable Care Act, while it also embraced a dubious survey claiming that health care premiums are skyrocketing.
On the April 14 edition of Fox News' Your World, host Neil Cavuto brought on Fox contributor and serial health care misinformer Betsy McCaughey in order to baselessly attack the CBO's latest projections, which show that the ACA will cost $104 billion less over 10 years than previously projected and that premiums for the most popular plans under ACA are expected to rise only "slightly" for 2015. McCaughey unleashed a series of already debunked lies about the health care law. After Cavuto called the CBO's savings estimates "deceiving," Mccaughey agreed and denied there would be any savings,asserting that it is actually "a cost-shifting":
CAVUTO: So what is the CBO looking at? It's limiting it to what they expect it to be, that millions more will sign up under these exchanges, and I guess because of subsidies and special breaks see their premium increases actually stabilize. Do you buy that?
McCAUGHEY: Well, no, I don't buy that. I think the insurance company executives know exactly what they're talking about, and they're worried about the public pushback from these huge premium hikes ahead. That's only part of the bad news. You're also going to see a million people or more default. In other words, they've paid their first premium, but when they discover what it really means to pay a three or five thousand dollar deductible on their plan, they go to their doctor again and again and have to pay full freight even though they're paying their premium, they're going to stop paying their premium.
Another big problem ahead is the 25 to 30 million people who currently get on the job coverage who are going to lose it in the coming months when their employers realize that they're not going to be able to renew those old plans and they're stuck between the very costly Obamacare plans or sending their workers and their families onto the exchanges. And finally, you're going to hear a lot of desperation from cancer patients when they discover these Obamacare exchange plans won't let them go to any specialty cancer hospitals, even though the data show that, for example, women with ovarian cancer live longer when they're treated at a high-volume cancer hospital.
CAVUTO: But the argument that the CBO is raising that all those problems notwithstanding -- they're big ones, it's like saying "Outside that, Mrs. Lincoln, how was the show?" -- they're still going to see premiums for those in these exchanges go down. But what I did look at in the CBO study, it's all dependent on these special write-offs and allowances and subsidies that those in a certain income group get to give you what seems like a deceiving savings.
McCAUGHEY: That's right, and I'ts really not a savings, Neil. It's just a cost-shifting.
In contrast to Fox's attack on the CBO report, earlier in the day it uncritically promoted a discredited Morgan Stanley survey claiming "rate acceleration" in ACA premiums. Correspondent Jim Angle appeared on both Fox's Happening Now and The Real Story With Gretchen Carlson to hype fears that fit into the channel's narrative that Obamacare will causes insurance premiums to soar. However, the report Angle cited has been discredited for its absence of methodology and small survey sample. Even Fox News' sister organization, Fox Business, pointed out problematic elements of the study, noting that "some states had only one broker respond to the Morgan Stanley survey so the results may not be reliable."
Fox News' willingness to dismiss a report from the respected and nonpartisan CBO while embracing a flawed study is just the latest effort in Fox News' struggling crusade to discredit the ACA by stoking fears of negative impact.
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Fox News' Special Report made the startling claim that Republicans' alternative health care plans "cover everyone," even though almost none of them have been examined by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) for their effects on Americans' insurance coverage.
On January 17, Fox's chief national correspondent Jim Angle promoted Republican healthcare plans serving as alternatives to the Affordable Care Act, saying "all Republican plans, one way or another, would cover everyone, including those with pre-existing conditions." Angle also specifically hyped the plan of Rep. Tom Price (R-GA):
Contrary to Angle's rosy depiction, the reality of Republicans' alternative health care plans is that they're unlikely to cover more Americans than Obamacare. In November 2009, the CBO analyzed a failed health care reform plan that then-Minority Leader John Boehner offered in place of the House Democrats' plan. The CBO found that, after 10 years, the share of Americans with insurance coverage would be unchanged:
By 2019, CBO and JCT estimate, the number of nonelderly people without health insurance would be reduced by about 3 million relative to current law, leaving about 52 million nonelderly residents uninsured. The share of legal nonelderly residents with insurance coverage in 2019 would be about 83 percent, roughly in line with the current share. CBO and JCT estimate that enacting the amendment's insurance coverage provisions would increase deficits by $8 billion over the 2010-2019 period.
Fox News avoided acknowledging that many young adults are anxious to sign up for health coverage under the Affordable Care Act exchanges (ACA or Obamacare), even though recent surveys show that many young adults are likely to buy health insurance under new Affordable Care Act provisions.
During Fox's evening news program Special Report with Bret Baier, correspondent Jim Angle reported on this week's roll out of new state health insurance exchanges that were implemented under the ACA. After the prepared package aired, host Bret Baier asked Angle, "What do we know about the young and their inclinations to buy insurance or not?"
Angle dodged the question, instead answering, "Now we know of widespread reports their rates will soar over what they could pay now on the open market." He concluded, "We don't know what the young will do, but we do know the numbers they're looking at."
While Angle refused to acknowledge it, polls reveal many young adults are eager to buy health coverage.
A Reuters poll of uninsured Americans found that one-third of young adults "said they are 'very' or 'somewhat' likely to buy insurance through their state's exchange."
Fox News has repeatedly misrepresented Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid's proposal to reform the filibuster and is conflating his current plan with a broader one that Reid clearly rejected.
Reid has announced he will confront current GOP filibusters on seven presidential nominees, including leadership positions for the Department of Labor, Environmental Protection Agency, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), in addition to the Democratic members of a bipartisan slate to staff the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). If Republicans continue to refuse to allow an up-or-down vote on these nominees to the executive branch, Reid has indicated he has backing from his caucus to change Senate rules and eliminate this specific type of filibuster.
Chief National Correspondent Jim Angle, however, continued Fox News' recent misleading coverage on the topic and confused the proposal with one that would also require up-or-down votes for judicial nominees, a change Reid has currently ruled out. During the segment, Angle repeated GOP talking points that President Obama "is getting faster nominations than [President George W.] Bush did" and that the proposed rule change resembles one that Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell floated in 2005. From the July 15 edition of America Live:
The Equal Pay Act was signed into law on June 10, 1963, by President Kennedy to prohibit wage discrimination based on sex. Fifty years later, as the issue of gender income inequality continues to affect America, conservative media figures have consistently tried to downplay and minimize these concerns.
Breitbart.com and National Review Online (NRO) are using today's Equal Pay Day holiday to misinform about gender wage inequality. Right-wing media have routinely downplayed and obscured legitimate concerns about wage inequality.
Equal Pay Day was created by the National Committee on Pay Equity (NCPE) in 1996 as a public awareness event to illustrate the gap between men's and women's wages. According to a White House proclamation released on Equal Pay Day in 2012, "National Equal Pay Day represents the date in the current year through which women must work to match what men earned in the previous year, reminding us that we must keep striving for an America where everyone gets an equal day's pay for an equal day's work."
Breitbart.com and NRO both posted a video today that claims the gender wage gap is a myth, positing that the gap fails to account for women's choices, which are primarily responsible for any discrepancies in salary. The video comes from the conservative Independent Women's Forum, a group The New York Times described as "a right-wing public policy group that provides pseudofeminist support for extreme positions that are in fact dangerous to women."
Although the wage gap has decreased since the 1963 passage of the Equal Pay Act, women's earnings remain far below that of men. A report by the American Association of University Women (AAUW) found that "in 2011, women working full time in the United States typically were paid just 77 percent of what men were paid, a gap of 23 percent." According to the National Women's Law Center, the wage gap for minority women is even worse: African-American and Hispanic women make 64 and 55 cents for every dollar their white, non-Hispanic male counterparts earn. The claim that personal choice is responsible for the gender wage gap has also been debunked, mostly recently in the AAUW's 2013 Gender Pay Gap Report.
Breitbart.com and NRO's misleading claims about gender wage inequality follow a long trend of right-wing media's misinformation on equal pay. Here are just a few examples since 2012:
Fox News pushed long-debunked myths about health care reform in order to promote Rep. Paul Ryan's (R-WI) reported plans to repeal the law as part of his upcoming budget.
Conservative media have denigrated solar energy by denying its sustainability, ignoring its successes, and arguing the U.S. should simply cede the solar market to China. Yet this booming industry has made great strides, and with the right policies can become a major source of our power.
Fox News chief national correspondent Jim Angle provided a misleading fact check of Mitt Romney's ad claiming that Chrysler is sending a Jeep production line to China. Angle cherry picked a line from Chrysler's CEO to portray Romney's ad as accurate. In fact, Chrysler has made it clear that Romney's claims are false.
In response to Romney's Jeep-to-China television ad, Chrysler CEO Sergio Marchionne sent an email to shareholders on October 30 explaining that Romney's claim is "inaccurate" and "Jeep production will not be moved from the United States to China." Marchionne added that Chrysler is planning to "return Jeep production to China, the world's largest auto market, in order to satisfy local market demand," and explained that Chrysler intends to add Jeep jobs in the United States.
But during his "fact check" of Romney's ad on America Live on Friday, Angle claimed that "the head of Fiat-Chrysler confirmed exactly what the Romney ad said," because the company stated it "had intended to return Jeep production to China, the world's largest auto market in order to satisfy local market demand."
Marchionne's statement was not the only one issued rebutting Romney's claims. In a statement on October 25, Chrysler wrote on its website that "Jeep has no intention of shifting production of its Jeep models out of North America to China." The Romney campaign went ahead with its television ad in Ohio on October 27 despite this statement. Then, on October 30, Romney doubled down on the Jeep attack on Tuesday with a radio ad in Toledo, Ohio, the site of a Jeep plant. That same day, Marchionne sent his email to Chrysler shareholders.
In addition to Chrysler, there has been strong criticism from GM, fact checkers, and local media in Ohio of Romney's false claims that Jeep is sending U.S. jobs to China. On Tuesday, GM spokesman Greg Martin stated: "No amount of campaign politics at its cynical worst will diminish our record of creating jobs in the U.S. and repatriating profits back to this country." PolitiFact rated Romney's claim "pants on fire" false, and The Washington Post's resident fact checker, Glenn Kessler, gave the ad "four Pinocchios."
Fox previously attempted to hide the backlash to Romney's ad.


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The Santa Fe Trail Scenic and Historic Byway - Mountain Branch invites you to attend their annual meeting on Jan. 9 in Trinidad, Colo.
The Santa Fe Trail Scenic and Historic Byway - Mountain Branch has worked hard to identify and protect the natural resources of our area, and have galvanized relationships with several state and federal agencies including Byway Boards, Visitor Centers, Public Land Partners (NPS, BLM, USDA Forest Service), and officials at city, county, and state levels. Completed projects include brochures for all of our Colorado Welcome Centers throughout the state, and interpretation at three locations on Comanche National Grasslands, Boggsville, Amache, El Moro rest area, and our two Colorado Welcome Centers. Projects under way include a children's activity book, three new brochures, and interpretative signs for Big Timbers Museum, Fort Lyon and La Junta Railway Depot Park. Projects to begin in 2014 include a scenic viewing telescope for each end of the byway, bike racks for eight Bike the Byway locations, Byway broadcast signs for the I-25 corridor, and interpretive signs for the Gateway on the east end of the Byway, Trinidad's new transit station and the Purgatoire trail to Trinidad Lake State Park and the newly opened trail at Bent's New Fort and a tour booklet with guided tour planning for four Byway cities. Help us fulfill our Byway mission by becoming a partner that can promote both your local Byway and the 25th Anniversary of the Colorado Scenic Byway program. The Byway invites you to attend our annual meeting on Jan. 9, 11:30 a.m. at Mt. Carmel Health and Wellness Center located at 911 Robinson Ave, Trinidad, Colo.


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News & Events
For the Media
Clarkson University's Goodarz Ahmadi Co-Authors Book on Air Particle Movement
Computer modeling can be used to remove germs and pollutants from indoor air, according to Goodarz Ahmadi, dean of the Wallace H. Coulter School of Engineering at Clarkson University.
Ahmadi, a professor of mechanical and aeronautical engineering, has co-authored Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics in the Human Respiratory System, which explains the science behind tracking particles in airflow through a room and into the respiratory tract.
The book contains best-practice guidelines students and scientists can use to establish high-quality computer models and simulations, as well as an introduction to the physics of the respiratory system.
"The final goal is to try to understand how to remove those particles so fewer pollutants get into the human body," Ahmadi said. "You want to have a healthy building. You want to have it be healthy so that germs are not spread and people don't get sick or catch colds."
Ahmadi worked on the book for several years and has taught courses at Clarkson on using computer models to track particles in airflow for the last three decades. He completed much of the book on nights, weekends and during a research trip he took to Australia two years ago.
Ahmadi examined CT Scans of nasal cavities, as well as a cast of a lung donated to science, in order to study the journey of an air particle once it enters the body.
"Somehow God plants this very complicated upper respiratory passageway with its turns and twists to capture particles," Ahmadi said of the nose. "It's designed perfectly."
Jinyan Tu and Kiao Inthavong co-wrote the book with Ahmadi. Both are professors of mechanical and manufacturing engineering at RMIT University in Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
Ahmadi has authored more than 520 papers in archival journals, in addition to two earlier books and more than 1,000 papers in national and international conference proceedings. He has also given more than 150 keynote lectures and invited seminars worldwide.
He is on the editorial advisory board of seven technical journals and is a fellow of ASME, ISME and ISCE. He was also a Senior Research Associate at National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). More information can be found on his research Web site at http://clarkson.edu/projects/fluidflow.
Clarkson University launches leaders into the global economy. One in five alumni already leads as a CEO, VP or equivalent senior executive of a company. Located just outside the Adirondack Park in Potsdam, N.Y., Clarkson is a nationally recognized research university for undergraduates with select graduate programs in signature areas of academic excellence directed toward the world's pressing issues. Through 50 rigorous programs of study in engineering, business, arts, sciences and health sciences, the entire learning-living community spans boundaries across disciplines, nations and cultures to build powers of observation, challenge the status quo, and connect discovery and engineering innovation with enterprise.
[A photograph for media use is available at http://www.clarkson.edu/news/photos/gahmadi-book.jpg .]


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MANCHESTER, N.H.—#6/11 UMass Boston men's hockey (13-1-2, 6-1-2 ECAC East) used three third-period goals to down host St. Anselm College (5-6-3, 3-4-3 ECAC East) and match the program-record for longest winning streak Friday night with a 4-1 victory at Thomas F. Sullivan Arena.
The victory marked the Beacons program-record tying 11th straight win and extended their program-record unbeaten streak to 14 in a row.
Senior Mike Kuhn (Holbrook, Mass.) led the Beacons with a goal and an assist. The fourth-line right-winger recorded a short-handed tally for the second-straight contest and the goal proved to be his third game-winning goal of the year.
A trio of UMass Boston freshman defenseman registered the other three goals, as Cody Dixon (Hales Corners, Wisc.), Zac Zakas (Danvers, Mass.) and Sam Boyd (Lake Worth, Fla.) all found the back of the net. Zakas, who was playing in his first collegiate game, scored the Beacons' third tally to put the game firmly in the Beacons' favor.
In net, Billy Faust (Alta Loma, Calif.) stayed hot for UMass Boston, stopping 37 of the 38 shots he faced, including the final 21 he faced.
Senior Joe Tebano accounted for Saint Anselm's lone goal of the night, while Nick Dries made allowed three goals on 34 shots.
UMass Boston leapt out to an early 1-0 lead 3:07 into the contest when Dixon sent a rocket past Dries for his fourth goal of the season. Kuhn earned the lone assist on the play.
The Hawks would quickly turn the tide, as they dominated the rest of the period, outshooting UMB 19-6 and earning a 14-11 advantage in the face-off dot.
While Faust managed to stop the first 16 St. Anselm shots of the night, Tebano evened the score at 1-1 at 18:01 on the Hawks third power-play opportunity of the period. Tebano took passes from Bryan Sullivan and Greg Merrill before poking the puck past Faust, to end the Beacons' goaltender's 78-minute scoreless streak.
UMass Boston would settle down in the second period and earn an 11-7 shot advantage, but neither team would find the back of the net.
After Kit Sitterley (Mooresville, N.C.) was whistled for tripping at 2:05 of the third, Kuhn scored his career-high seventh marker of the year off a feed from Albee Daley (Averill Park, N.Y.). The game-winning goal marked Kuhn's third in eight games, including back-to-back game-winning goals in UMass Boston's last two road games.
The Beacons managed to push the lead to 3-1 with less than five minutes remaining in regulation. Zakas, who was a late addition to the lineup after another defenseman broke his blade before the game, rocketed a shot from the point that beat Dries. Frankie DeAugustine (Pittsburgh, Pa.) was credited with an assist on the play.
Boyd put the game out of reach at 18:37 with an empty-net tally. The freshman defenseman took passes from Peter MacIntyre (Norfolk, Mass.) and Travis Daniel (North Brunswick, N.J.) before finding the back of the net.
UMass Boston's penalty-kill unit was huge all night long, as the Beacons held the Hawks to a 1-for-7 night and matched the St. Anselm power-play tally with a short-handed marked of their own. The Beacons didn't fare as well on their power-play, finishing 0-for-5.
The Beacons will look to set a new program-record for the longest winning streak Saturday, when UMass Boston travels to New England College.


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Best vehicle in it's class by far
By Dave on Tuesday, April 16, 2019I traded my Lexus 350ES for a 2019 ForteEX. I had wanted a Lexus IS model but after driving the Forte, there was no doubt in my mind that this was the vehicle that fit all of my needs. I read some of the complaints that the Forte was not very powerful or sporty. Yet I think it does handle like a sports car. There are 3 driving modes available but just using the "normal" mode offers an exciting driving feel. The handling around curves is outstanding. On the highway you get a quiet smooth ride. All of the high tech features really work well. I tried the Honda Insight, Lexus, Civic, Toyota, Hyundai, and Subaru products and the Kia Forte seemed superior driving in traffic and on the highway. The seats are very comfortable and ventilated which is great if you live in Arizona. Also, my dog enjoys the rear vents that keep him cool. Also, one flaw in Honda products ( lack of front seat leg room) is not an issue with the Forte. The leg room is outstanding. I feel that I have hit the jackpot with the Forte. And the price is incredibly low for the overall quality this vehicle offers. This is just my opinion but hope this review helps others at least test drive this vehicle before buying.
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By Kia Fan on Wednesday, March 13, 2019Disclaimer: If your looking for something fast, this isn't it. Other than that this car is awesome. Has a nice comfortable ride for it's class. The standard touch screen and automatic dual zone climate control is an awesome standard. I elected for the 6 speed manual. The gear ratios are nicely done and the clutch has a good feel. The hill start assist is a cool feature I never had before and find myself using it often now. The lane assist can sometimes feel like it's fighting you but once you get the feel of it you can gain from it's benefit. The reverse camera is nicely angled and has the lines that move with the steering wheel making parking a breeze. The trunk is huge. I can see myself using this as a commuter and road trip car for at least ten years. And who can be beat $16,300 for a car of these features and warranty. Kia has stepped up the game with the new 2019 Kia Forte.
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By Zerk101 on Sunday, December 16, 2018DO NOT GET THIS CAR IF: you want an affordable compact car that has enough muscle to make you feel sporty. Other than the lack of a lot of power this car is best in class all around. Most people who buy this car class is generally on a budget like me or just wants something simple. This is definitely that. The Luxury features in this car are second to none. The 8inch screen that comes standard with Apple CarPlay and Android Audio is featured standard in no other car in the brand except the stinger next. The affordable S class also has a sun roof. It is very comfortable with its separate daul Zone heating and Ac. This means the driver can blast Ac while the passenger roasts with the heat. Overall comfort and fun is use to describe this car. THE ONLY REASON YOU SAY NO: is if engine performance is you niche else this car beats it compition completely in comfort!


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Tetraodontiform, (order Tetradontiformes), any member of a group of primarily tropical marine fishes that are closely related to the perciforms (the typical advanced spiny-rayed fishes) that evolved during the Eocene Period of the Cenozoic Era, about 50 million years ago. Included are the triggerfishes, puffers, filefishes, and porcupine fishes.
The approximately 360 species of modern tetraodontiforms are notable for a high degree of diversity in anatomical structure and way of life. The great diversity evident among the nine families of the order is also seen within some families but not in others. Members of the deepwater bottom-dwelling Triacanthodidae, the most primitive family, for example, range from relatively normal configurations to weirdly specialized forms with extremely long tubular snouts; the shallow-water members of the Triacanthidae, which share generalized characteristics with the Triacanthodidae, are of rather uniform configuration. Likewise, the balistids are rather uniform in body plan; however, the monacanthids include a series of species ranging from the normal to the exceedingly elongated and highly specialized.
General features
The tetraodontiforms make up about 5 percent of the tropical marine fishes of the world. Most species range in size from about 8 to 60 cm (3 to 24 inches) in length, but one, the mola, or ocean sunfish (Mola mola), reaches more than 3 metres (10 feet). They are often strikingly patterned or gaudily coloured. With the exception of the relatively deepwater Triacanthodidae and Triodontidae, the members of this order are usually found in waters less than about 65 metres (200 feet) in depth and are especially prominent around coral or rocky reefs and on open sand and grass flats.
Many species, especially puffer fishes (Tetraodontidae), have poisonous flesh, at least during certain seasons of the year, but most of the highly poisonous substance (tetraodontoxin) responsible for the numerous annual fatalities in Indo-Pacific regions is contained in the viscera. The flesh of the poisonous species can be safely eaten only when the freshly caught specimen has been carefully cleaned and washed in the exacting manner of fugu (or puffer fish) chefs in Japan. The majority of tetraodontiforms are palatable, and in numerous tropical regions the flesh of various triggerfishes and trunkfishes is highly esteemed.
Other than as food in tropical coastal areas, humans make little direct use of tetraodontiforms, except for collecting the dried bodies of the hard-cased boxfishes and the spine-studded inflated puffers as curios. In fact, the order Tetraodontiformes contains so many strangely specialized species that the group has intrigued humankind from early times; 1st-century Roman author Pliny the Younger, for example, discussed puffer fishes and ocean sunfishes in his Natural History. While most adult tetraodontiforms have thick, spiny skins or other defensive mechanisms that protect them from most predacious fishes, the relatively defenseless young are eaten in great quantities by certain game fishes—dolphin, marlin and other billfishes, tunas, and various jacks. The tiger pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes, has been discovered to have one of the smallest known vertebrate genomes (that is, the entire set of chromosomes in an organism) and thus serves as an important experimental biological organism.
Natural history
Feeding habits
As one would suspect from their usually well-developed and massive dentition, with many having the teeth fused together in a parrotlike beak, most tetraodontiforms feed on hard-shelled crustaceans, mollusks, and echinoderms. But some with massive, crushing jaws and teeth, such as the ocean sunfishes, often feed extensively on such soft-bodied invertebrates as jellyfishes (medusae). Some, such as boxfishes, blow a jet of water out of their mouths onto sand bottoms to expose burrowing invertebrates; others (such as some triggerfishes) specialize in eating spiny sea urchins or even clams and oysters. A few species, especially the long-snouted Triacanthodidae, have reduced or even rudimentary teeth, some apparently feeding on the scales of other bottom fishes. Other species probably feed on soft-bodied invertebrates, probing with the snout into holes in the bottom or into recesses in outcroppings to obtain food unavailable to less-specialized fishes. Although many species have specialized feeding habits, the order as a whole can be considered as comprising opportunistic predators on invertebrates.
Most tetraodontiforms swim by the rather unusual method of rapid undulations or complex scullings of the soft dorsal and anal fins (in the midline of the back and underside, respectively); the powerful caudal fin (except in the Molidae) is reserved for rapid bursts of speed. The paired pectoral fins (just behind the gills) are in an almost constant state of rapid vibration, which gives a delicacy of control to their movements that is unusual even among fishes.
Activity cycle
Those tetraodontiforms for which data are available are diurnal, feeding or otherwise active during daylight but quiescent at night, often retiring to holes or crevices in coral or rocky reefs to sleep. When disturbed during the day, as by a potential predator, some species take rapid flight; others dive into reef crevices. Other species avoid the attention of predators by remarkable colorations or patternings that permit them to blend into the environment, which may be anything from a coral reef to a bed of sea grass. Moreover, one relatively defenseless species, a filefish, is an excellent mimic in body form and bright coloration of a poisonous puffer.
Form and function
The tetraodontiforms are distinguished externally by a small gill opening restricted to a relatively short slit on the side of the head and a small mouth, usually equipped with massive teeth. The scales of the body are typically highly modified into overlapping (in triacanthoids and balistoids) and even sutured (in ostracioids) plates or into sharp, projecting spines (in tetraodontoids); in some cases, the skin itself may be thickened and hardened by deep layers of connective tissues (molids). There are no anal fin spines, and the dorsal fin spines are either absent or present only in reduced number (never more than six). The pelvic fin, which in the perciforms has one spine and five soft rays, in tetraodontiforms is either absent or reduced to no more than one spine and two small soft rays. The skeleton of tetraodontiforms is notable for a reduced number of bones, a number of the separate bony elements of the generalized perciforms having been lost through the processes of reduction, consolidation, fusion, or failure to develop. The hallmark of the evolution and diversification of the tetraodontiforms in fact has been the reductive tendencies in some parts—such as the number of skeletal elements, the number of fin spines, the size of the mouth and gill openings, and the number of teeth. Tetraodontiforms are also characterized by simultaneous elaborative trends in other systems—such as scale and skin development, the inflation apparatus, the size of the teeth and their fusion with jawbones, and poisonous flesh.
Annotated classification
The tetraodontiforms are classified as follows, with only the most obvious external differences that distinguish the groups mentioned. This classification largely reflects the work of James C. Tyler, Richard Winterbottom, Francesco Santini, J.S. Nelson, Donn E. Rosen, and Jeffrey Leis.
- Order Tetraodontiformes (Plectognathi)
- Small mouth and gill openings; reduced dorsal and pelvic fin spines; no anal fin spines; skin usually tough or spiny, scales modified as spines, shields, and plates. Approximately 360 species.
- Suborder Triacanthodoidei
- 12–18 dorsal fin-rays; 11–16 anal fin-rays.
- Family Triacanthodidae (spikefishes)
- The most primitive members of the order. Deepwater species with a truncated or rounded tail; deep caudal peduncle (the region between the end of the anal fin and the front of the tail); nonstreamlined body; soft dorsal and anal fins of about same length along their bases. 11 genera, about 21 species; Indo-Pacific and Caribbean.
- Suborder Balistoidei
- Frontals extending far anterior to the articulation between lateral ethmoid and ethmoid. 3 superfamilies with 4 families, 61 genera, 182 species.
- Superfamily Triacanthoidea
- 1 family.
- Family Triacanthidae (triple spines)
- Shallow-water derivatives of the spikefishes; deeply forked caudal fin; slender caudal peduncle; body relatively streamlined for rapid swimming; soft dorsal fin base much longer than anal fin base. 4 genera, 7 species; Indo-Pacific, sometimes found in estuaries.
- Superfamily Balistoidea (leatherjackets)
- 2 or 3 dorsal spines, the 2nd spine serving to lock the 1st in an erected position; pelvic spine rudimentary or absent. About 43 genera, 142 species; worldwide.
- Family Balistidae (triggerfishes)
- 3 dorsal spines; 8 outer teeth in each jaw. 11 genera, about 40 species; worldwide.
- Family Monacanthidae (filefishes)
- 2 dorsal spines; 6 or fewer outer teeth in each jaw. About 32 genera, about 102 species; worldwide.
- Superfamily Ostracioidea
- No dorsal spines, body encased in a turtlelike cuirass (carapace) of sutured platelike scales.
- Family Ostraciidae (boxfishes, trunkfishes, cowfishes)
- Taxonomic characteristics as per superfamily. 14 genera, about 33 species; marine, tropical. Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans.
- Suborder Tetraodontoidei (Gymnodontes)
- 4 tooth plates, 2 in each jaw; skin bearing small erectile spines.
- Family Triodontidae (threetooth puffers)
- Most primitive member of the superfamily, the only species to retain even the pelvic bone of the pelvic fin apparatus (completely lost by all other members of suborder). Body somewhat elongate; 3 fused teeth in jaws. 1 living species (Triodon bursarius); deep water, tropical Indo-Pacific.
- Family Tetraodontidae (puffer fishes and sharp-nosed pufferfishes)
- Body inflatable; 4 fused teeth in jaws; no ribs. About 19 genera, over 130 species; worldwide, marine, several freshwater genera.
- Family Diodontidae (porcupine fishes and burrfishes)
- 2 tooth plates, 1 in each jaw; the skin bearing huge spines; caudal fin normal; spines erectile (porcupine fishes) or fixed (burrfishes). 6 genera, 19 species; worldwide.
- Family Molidae (ocean sunfishes)
- 2 tooth plates, 1 in each jaw. Skin leathery and relatively smooth but often exceptionally thick; caudal fin highly modified or absent; swim bladder absent. All but Ranzania laevis reach enormous size, up to 3.3 metres (11 feet) in length and 1,900 kg (4,000 pounds) in weight. 3 genera, 4 species; tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide.
Critical appraisal
The classification of this order is still in a state of flux. The modern understanding of the relationships between species and higher taxa comes from the study of fossil and living forms performed by Francesco Santini and James C. Tyler. Molecular studies by Mutsumi Nishida, Masaki Miya, and colleagues suggest that Tetraodontiformes are closely related to the Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes and allies; however, this hypothesis needs to be tested with morphological as well as additional molecular data.James Chase Tyler
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
fish: Annotated classificationOrder Tetraodontiformes (pufferfishes) With a beaklike snout, gill opening restricted to a small opening. 9 families, about 357 species. Marine, occasionally freshwater, worldwide in tropics and subtropics. Eocene to present. Class Sarcopterygii (fleshy-finned fishes)…
Fish, any of approximately 34,000 species of vertebrate animals (phylum Chordata) found in the fresh and salt waters of the world. Living species range from the primitive jawless lampreys and hagfishes through the cartilaginous sharks, skates, and rays to the abundant and diverse bony fishes. Most fish species are cold-blooded;…
Perciform, (order Perciformes), any member of the largest group of fishes in the world, represented by more than 6,000 species placed in about 150 families. Perciforms are bony fishes that occur in abundance in both marine and freshwater areas of the world, ranging from shallow freshwater ponds to depths of…
Triggerfish, any of about 30 species of shallow-water marine fishes of the family Balistidae, found worldwide in tropical seas. Triggerfishes are rather deep-bodied, usually colourful fishes with large scales, small mouths, and high-set eyes. Their common name refers to the triggering mechanism in the first two of their three dorsal…
Puffer, any of about 90 species of fishes of the family Tetraodontidae, noted for their ability when disturbed to inflate themselves so greatly with air or water that they become globular in form. Puffers are found in warm and temperate regions around the world, primarily…
More About Tetraodontiform1 reference found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- annotated classification


text:
However Saskatchewan Assistant V.P. of Player Personnel John Murphy revealed the depth chart continues to be a moving target.
"I think the next step is the Florida minicamp in April," Murphy told 620 CKRM's SportsCage. "There's high hopes Jake Heaps will throw at University of Washington's pro day and we hope to have one of myself, Jeremy, Coach McAdoo or Coach Jackson out there for that."
Hardcore football fans will remember the name of Jake Heaps, a quarterback who played at a handful of NCAA schools before NFL stints with the Jets and Seahawks. Clearly he's in the Riders' plans, as is former Titans pivot Vince Young who was reportedly added to the Saskatchewan negotiation list two weeks ago.
NFL super agent Leigh Steinberg Tweeted on Thursday: "@leighsteinberg: We have opened discussions with Saskatchewan Roughriders of the CFL for Vince Young".
Murphy said the search for an NFL veteran is real.
"There are some guys who've earned the right to compete at minicamp and there's also some veteran guys whose names have been bantied about," Murphy mentioned.
"I think there's an opportunity should those guys say they're definitely interested, if they are interested in the CFL and the Riders, then why not? For me to say a 31 or 32 year old guy can't learn this league, play a role on our team and be an experienced guy who can help our young guys, I think it would be foolish to turn a guy down based on his age."
Regarding Young - who turns 34 in May - he hasn't been on an NFL roster since the 2014 off-season, when he was with Cleveland for two weeks before being released. He hasn't played in a regular-season NFL game since 2011 when he was with Philadelphia.
After a record-filled college career at Texas, which he led to the national championship in the 2006 Rose Bowl, Young was drafted third overall by Tennessee later that year. He was the AP Offensive Rookie of the Year and made the Pro Bowl, and was selected again following the 2009 season but never fully lived up to lofty expectations.
Last month, Young pleaded no contest and was sentenced to 18 months of probation for a 2016 drunken driving arrest in Austin, Texas. He currently works for Texas promoting diversity and community engagement.
Of course the Riders also feel/hope the "next one" could already be under contract with the Green & White. There's certainly already a group of hungry young quarterbacks in the Riders' employ including G.J. Kinne, Jake Waters, Brandon Bridge and newcomer Brian Bennett.
"We saw some good things from Brandon Bridge down the stretch last year," Murphy continued. "I'm very excited in the capabilities of Bryan Bennett and we'll see what he can do in our system. Jake Waters has texted me every week to say his rehab is on target so he should be able to throw by mid-March. You have to just keep with the course of action we set forward. We have a veteran QB who can win games for us (Kevin Glenn) and then we'll have great competition for that spot starting in camp and down the road."
(With files from the Canadian Press)


text:
The holidays are a season of goodwill, but the hard truth is that we live in a litigious society and even the best-intentioned host may be on the line if food ends up undercooked or if a guest over-imbibes at the dinner table.
Even if you outsource your holiday prep to a caterer or a restaurant—as three quarters of homeowners have—you may still be responsible if a guest contracts salmonella or ends up in a roadside accident after a couple of toasts, says the Independent Insurance Agents & Brokers of America.
"Hosts should be aware that if someone drives drunk or becomes sick after consuming food at a holiday party, the host could actually be liable," says Robert A. Rusbuldt, president and chief executive officer of the IIABA. "Even a simple neighborhood holiday potluck could have disastrous results for the host if someone is stricken with food poisoning."
Here, the association offers self-protection tips for the 111 million U.S. homeowners who host seasonal festivities and also for companies serving up a holiday bash for employees.
Know your laws and liability
In many states, party hosts can be held liable for illness or accident resulting from food and drink served on their property or at an event thrown by them, so look into your homeowners or renters policy to see if you are adequately covered should an accident or illness occur during or directly after your party. The IIABA also recommends purchasing a personal "umbrella" policy of $1 million or more in addition to their regular homeowners policy.
If in doubt, throw it out
Even if you outsource your holiday prep to a caterer or restaurant- as three quarters of homeowners have- you may still be responsible if a guest contracts salmonella or other food poisoning from a tainted dish. Order food from a trusted source and don't serve anything you are suspicious of being undercooked or spoiled.
If you need tips on preparing and storing dishes, the FDA has a comprehensive holiday food-safety guide available on its website.
Don't get loose with the booze
In many states, hosts can be liable for third-party injuries if a tipsy guest is involved in a roadside accident after leaving the party, including medical bills, vehicle repair costs, lost-work time or claims from wrongful death.
So, if a guest begins to show signs of intoxication ask for his or her keys and offer them a non-alcoholic refreshment. And of course, be vigilant to make sure no minors sneak a drink under your watch. For those throwing large get-togethers, consider hiring a bouncer or an off-duty police officer to check guests for sobriety as they leave.
Take the party outside
If your budget permits, host your party at a bar or restaurant that owns a liquor license to decrease your liability. Also, schedule social and entertaining activities to take guest's minds off drinking, and provide food to fill them up after a few toasts. After the party, ensure everyone's peace of mind by arranging transportation or overnight accommodations for those who shouldn't be driving home.


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I am using Epic kites since the beginning. And, since the beginning, i have an awsome service. Dimitri answers my mails almost within an hour afer receiving.
This week,i sent him 2 bars to fit them with his new 4G chicken loop and it is already ready.And in addition, he sent me a video of what he did!!!
So, even if his kites weren't the best ones i got till now, i would continue with Epic for that fantastic customer service and his friendly approach..
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Summary: Birnavirus RNA dependent RNA polymerase (VP1)
Pfam includes annotations and additional family information from a range of different sources. These sources can be accessed via the tabs below.
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Birnaviridae Edit Wikipedia article
|Virus classification
|Group III (dsRNA)
|Birnavirus RNA dependent RNA polymerase (VP1)
|Birnavirus VP2 protein
crystal structure of infectious bursal disease virus vp2 subviral particle
|Pfam clan
|Birnavirus VP3 protein
|Birnavirus VP4 protein
|Birnavirus VP5 protein
Birnaviridae is a family of viruses. Salmonid fish, young sexually immature chickens, and insects serve as natural hosts. There are currently six species in this family, divided among 4 genera. Diseases associated with this family include: IPNV: infectious pancreatic necrosis in salmonid fish, causes significant losses to the aquaculture industry. chronic infection in adult, and acute viral disease in young salmonid fish.[1][2]
The Birnaviridae genome encodes several proteins:
Birnaviridae RNA-directed RNA polymerase (VP1), which lacks the highly conserved Gly-Asp-Asp (GDD) sequence, a component of the proposed catalytic site of this enzyme family that exists in the conserved motif VI of the palm domain of other RNA-directed RNA polymerases.[3]
The large RNA segment, segment A, of birnaviruses codes for a polyprotein (N-VP2-VP4-VP3-C) [4] that is processed into the major structural proteins of the virion: VP2, VP3 (a minor structural component of the virus), and into the putative protease VP4.[4] VP4 protein is involved in generating VP2 and VP3.[4] recombinant VP3 is more immunogenic than recombinant VP2.[5]
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), a birnavirus, is an important pathogen in fish farms. Analyses of viral proteins showed that VP2 is the major structural and immunogenic polypeptide of the virus.[6][7] All neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are specific to VP2 and bind to continuous or discontinuous epitopes. The variable domain of VP2 and the 20 adjacent amino acids of the conserved C-terminal are probably the most important in inducing an immune response for the protection of animals.[6]
Non structural protein VP5 is found in RNA segment A. The function of this small viral protein is unknown. It is believed to be involved in influencing apoptosis, but studies are not completely concurring. The protein can not be found in the virion.
Viruses in Birnaviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Single-shelled geometries, and T=13 symmetry. The diameter is around 70 nm. Genomes are linear and segmented, around 15.2.3-3kb in length. The genome codes for 5 to 6 proteins.[1]
|Genomic arrangement
|Genomic segmentation
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model. Double-stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription. Salmonid fish, young sexually immature chickens, and insects serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are contact.[1]
|Host details
|Tissue tropism
|Entry details
|Release details
|Replication site
|Assembly site
|Cell receptor endocytosis
|Salmonid fish
|Cell receptor endocytosis
|Blotched snakehead fish
|Insects: diptera
|Cell receptor endocytosis
Group: dsRNA
Family: Birnaviridae
- ^ a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ^ a b ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ^ Shwed PS, Dobos P, Cameron LA, Vakharia VN, Duncan R (May 2002). "Birnavirus VP1 proteins form a distinct subgroup of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases lacking a GDD motif". Virology. 296 (2): 241–250. doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1334. PMID 12069523.
- ^ a b c Jagadish MN, Staton VJ, Hudson PJ, Azad AA (March 1988). "Birnavirus precursor polyprotein is processed in Escherichia coli by its own virus-encoded polypeptide". J. Virol. 62 (3): 1084–7. PMC 253673 . PMID 2828658.
- ^ Moon CH, Do JW, Cha SJ, Bang JD, Park MA, Yoo DJ, Lee JM, Kim HG, Chung DK, Park JW (October 2004). "Comparison of the immunogenicity of recombinant VP2 and VP3 of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and marine birnavirus". Arch. Virol. 149 (10): 2059–68. PMID 15669113.
- ^ a b Heppell J, Tarrab E, Lecomte J, Berthiaume L, Arella M (December 1995). "Strain variability and localization of important epitopes on the major structural protein (VP2) of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus". Virology. 214 (1): 40–9. doi:10.1006/viro.1995.9956. PMID 8525637.
- ^ Nobiron I, Galloux M, Henry C, Torhy C, Boudinot P, Lejal N, Da Costa B, Delmas B (February 2008). "Genome and polypeptides characterization of Tellina virus 1 reveals a fifth genetic cluster in the Birnaviridae family". Virology. 371 (2): 350–61. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2007.09.022. PMID 17976679.
External links
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR002664
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR002663
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR004284
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR002662
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR007100
This page is based on a Wikipedia article. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
This tab holds the annotation information that is stored in the Pfam database. As we move to using Wikipedia as our main source of annotation, the contents of this tab will be gradually replaced by the Wikipedia tab.
Birnavirus RNA dependent RNA polymerase (VP1) Provide feedback
Birnaviruses are dsRNA viruses. This family corresponds to the RNA dependent RNA polymerase. This protein is also known as VP1. All of the birnavirus VP1 proteins contain conserved RdRp motifs that reside in the catalytic "palm" domain of all classes of polymerases. However, the birnavirus RdRps lack the highly conserved Gly-Asp-Asp (GDD) sequence, a component of the proposed catalytic site of this enzyme family that exists in the conserved motif VI of the palm domain of other RdRps [1].
Literature references
Shwed PS, Dobos P, Cameron LA, Vakharia VN, Duncan R; , Virology 2002;296:241-250.: Birnavirus VP1 Proteins Form a Distinct Subgroup of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases Lacking a GDD Motif. PUBMED:12069523 EPMC:12069523
Internal database links
|Similarity to PfamA using HHSearch:
This tab holds annotation information from the InterPro database.
InterPro entry IPR007100
RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRp) (EC) is an essential protein encoded in the genomes of all RNA containing viruses with no DNA stage [PUBMED:2759231, PUBMED:8709232]. It catalyses synthesis of the RNA strand complementary to a given RNA template, but the precise molecular mechanism remains unclear. The postulated RNA replication process is a two-step mechanism. First, the initiation step of RNA synthesis begins at or near the 3' end of the RNA template by means of a primer-independent (de novo) mechanism. The de novo initiation consists in the addition of a nucleotide tri-phosphate (NTP) to the 3'-OH of the first initiating NTP. During the following so-called elongation phase, this nucleotidyl transfer reaction is repeated with subsequent NTPs to generate the complementary RNA product [PUBMED:11531403].
All the RNA-directed RNA polymerases, and many DNA-directed polymerases, employ a fold whose organisation has been likened to the shape of a right hand with three subdomains termed fingers, palm and thumb [PUBMED:9309225]. Only the catalytic palm subdomain, composed of a four-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet with two alpha-helices, is well conserved among all of these enzymes. In RdRp, the palm subdomain comprises three well conserved motifs (A, B and C). Motif A (D-x(4,5)-D) and motif C (GDD) are spatially juxtaposed; the Asp residues of these motifs are implied in the binding of Mg2+ and/or Mn2+. The Asn residue of motif B is involved in selection of ribonucleoside triphosphates over dNTPs and thus determines whether RNA is synthesised rather than DNA [PUBMED:10827187]. The domain organisation [PUBMED:9878607] and the 3D structure of the catalytic centre of a wide range of RdPp's, even those with a low overall sequence homology, are conserved. The catalytic centre is formed by several motifs containing a number of conserved amino acid residues.
There are 4 superfamilies of viruses that cover all RNA containing viruses with no DNA stage:
- Viruses containing positive-strand RNA or double-strand RNA, except retroviruses and Birnaviridae: viral RNA-directed RNA polymerases including all positive-strand RNA viruses with no DNA stage, double-strand RNA viruses, and the Cystoviridae, Reoviridae, Hypoviridae, Partitiviridae, Totiviridae families.
- Mononegavirales (negative-strand RNA viruses with non-segmented genomes).
- Negative-strand RNA viruses with segmented genomes, i.e. Orthomyxoviruses (including influenza A, B, and C viruses, Thogotoviruses, and the infectious salmon anemia virus), Arenaviruses, Bunyaviruses, Hantaviruses, Nairoviruses, Phleboviruses, Tenuiviruses and Tospoviruses.
- Birnaviridae family of dsRNA viruses.
- All positive-strand RNA eukaryotic viruses with no DNA stage.
- All RNA-containing bacteriophages -there are two families of RNA-containing bacteriophages: Leviviridae (positive ssRNA phages) and Cystoviridae (dsRNA phages).
- Reoviridae family of dsRNA viruses.
This family consists of the Birnaviridae enzymes. These proteins lack the highly conserved Gly-Asp-Asp (GDD) sequence, a component of the proposed catalytic site of this enzyme family that exists in the conserved motif VI of the palm domain of other RNA-directed RNA polymerases [PUBMED:12069523].
Gene Ontology
The mapping between Pfam and Gene Ontology is provided by InterPro. If you use this data please cite InterPro.
|Molecular function
|RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity (GO:0003968)
|Biological process
|viral genome replication (GO:0019079)
Domain organisation
Below is a listing of the unique domain organisations or architectures in which this domain is found. More...
The graphic that is shown by default represents the longest sequence with a given architecture. Each row contains the following information:
- the number of sequences which exhibit this architecture
a textual description of the architecture, e.g. Gla, EGF x 2, Trypsin.
This example describes an architecture with one
Gladomain, followed by two consecutive
EGFdomains, and finally a single
- a link to the page in the Pfam site showing information about the sequence that the graphic describes
- the UniProt description of the protein sequence
- the number of residues in the sequence
- the Pfam graphic itself.
Note that you can see the family page for a particular domain by clicking on the graphic. You can also choose to see all sequences which have a given architecture by clicking on the Show link in each row.
Finally, because some families can be found in a very large number of architectures, we load only the first fifty architectures by default. If you want to see more architectures, click the button at the bottom of the page to load the next set.
Loading domain graphics...
Pfam Clan
This family is a member of clan RdRP (CL0027), which has the following description:
This clan represents the replicative RNA dependent RNA polymerase. from a variety of RNA viruses [1].
The clan contains the following 10 members:Birna_RdRp Flavi_NS5 Mitovir_RNA_pol RdRP_1 RdRP_2 RdRP_3 RdRP_4 RVT_1 RVT_2 Viral_RdRp_C
We store a range of different sequence alignments for families. As well as the seed alignment from which the family is built, we provide the full alignment, generated by searching the sequence database (reference proteomes) using the family HMM. We also generate alignments using four representative proteomes (RP) sets, the UniProtKB sequence database, the NCBI sequence database, and our metagenomics sequence database. More...
There are various ways to view or download the sequence alignments that we store. We provide several sequence viewers and a plain-text Stockholm-format file for download.
Alignment types
We make a range of alignments for each Pfam-A family:
- seed
- the curated alignment from which the HMM for the family is built
- full
- the alignment generated by searching the sequence database using the HMM
- Representative Proteomes (RPs) at 15%, 35%, 55% and 75% co-membership thresholds
- UniProt
- alignment generated by searching the UniProtKB sequence database using the family HMM
- alignment generated by searching the NCBI sequence database using the family HMM
- meta
- alignment generated by searching the metagenomics sequence database using the family HMM
You can see the alignments as HTML or in three different sequence viewers:
- jalview
- a Java applet developed at the University of Dundee. You will need Java installed before running jalview
- an HTML page showing the whole alignment.Please note: full Pfam alignments can be very large. These HTML views are extremely large and often cause problems for browsers. Please use either jalview or the Pfam viewer if you have trouble viewing the HTML version
- PP/Heatmap
- an HTML-based representation of the alignment, coloured according to the posterior-probability (PP) values from the HMM. As for the standard HTML view, heatmap alignments can also be very large and slow to render.
You can download (or view in your browser) a text representation of a Pfam alignment in various formats:
- Selex
- Stockholm
You can also change the order in which sequences are listed in the alignment, change how insertions are represented, alter the characters that are used to represent gaps in sequences and, finally, choose whether to download the alignment or to view it in your browser directly.
You may find that large alignments cause problems for the viewers and the reformatting tool, so we also provide all alignments in Stockholm format. You can download either the plain text alignment, or a gzipped version of it.
View options
We make a range of alignments for each Pfam-A family. You can see a description of each above. You can view these alignments in various ways but please note that some types of alignment are never generated while others may not be available for all families, most commonly because the alignments are too large to handle.
|Representative proteomes
1Cannot generate PP/Heatmap alignments for seeds; no PP data available
Key: available, not generated, — not available.
Format an alignment
Download options
We make all of our alignments available in Stockholm format. You can download them here as raw, plain text files or as gzip-compressed files.
|Representative proteomes
|Raw Stockholm
You can also download a FASTA format file containing the full-length sequences for all sequences in the full alignment.
HMM logo
HMM logos is one way of visualising profile HMMs. Logos provide a quick overview of the properties of an HMM in a graphical form. You can see a more detailed description of HMM logos and find out how you can interpret them here. More...
If you find these logos useful in your own work, please consider citing the following article:
This page displays the phylogenetic tree for this family's seed alignment. We use FastTree to calculate neighbour join trees with a local bootstrap based on 100 resamples (shown next to the tree nodes). FastTree calculates approximately-maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees from our seed alignment.
Note: You can also download the data file for the tree.
Curation and family details
This section shows the detailed information about the Pfam family. You can see the definitions of many of the terms in this section in the glossary and a fuller explanation of the scoring system that we use in the scores section of the help pages.
|Seed source:
|Pfam-B_2204 (release 7.3)
|Previous IDs:
|Sequence Ontology:
|Bateman A
|Number in seed:
|Number in full:
|Average length of the domain:
|834.20 aa
|Average identity of full alignment:
|41 %
|Average coverage of the sequence by the domain:
|92.60 %
HMM information
|HMM build commands:
build method: hmmbuild -o /dev/null HMM SEED
search method: hmmsearch -Z 45638612 -E 1000 --cpu 4 HMM pfamseq
|Model details:
|Model length:
|Family (HMM) version:
|download the raw HMM for this family
Species distribution
Sunburst controlsHide
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Colour assignments
|Other sequences
|Unclassified sequence
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This visualisation provides a simple graphical representation of the distribution of this family across species. You can find the original interactive tree in the adjacent tab. More...
This chart is a modified "sunburst" visualisation of the species tree for this family. It shows each node in the tree as a separate arc, arranged radially with the superkingdoms at the centre and the species arrayed around the outermost ring.
How the sunburst is generated
The tree is built by considering the taxonomic lineage of each sequence that has a match to this family. For each node in the resulting tree, we draw an arc in the sunburst. The radius of the arc, its distance from the root node at the centre of the sunburst, shows the taxonomic level ("superkingdom", "kingdom", etc). The length of the arc represents either the number of sequences represented at a given level, or the number of species that are found beneath the node in the tree. The weighting scheme can be changed using the sunburst controls.
In order to reduce the complexity of the representation, we reduce the number of taxonomic levels that we show. We consider only the following eight major taxonomic levels:
- superkingdom
- kingdom
- phylum
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
Colouring and labels
Segments of the tree are coloured approximately according to their superkingdom. For example, archeal branches are coloured with shades of orange, eukaryotes in shades of purple, etc. The colour assignments are shown under the sunburst controls. Where space allows, the name of the taxonomic level will be written on the arc itself.
As you move your mouse across the sunburst, the current node will be highlighted. In the top section of the controls panel we show a summary of the lineage of the currently highlighed node. If you pause over an arc, a tooltip will be shown, giving the name of the taxonomic level in the title and a summary of the number of sequences and species below that node in the tree.
Anomalies in the taxonomy tree
There are some situations that the sunburst tree cannot easily handle and for which we have work-arounds in place.
Missing taxonomic levels
Some species in the taxonomic tree may not have one or more of the main eight levels that we display. For example, Bos taurus is not assigned an order in the NCBI taxonomic tree. In such cases we mark the omitted level with, for example, "No order", in both the tooltip and the lineage summary.
Unmapped species names
The tree is built by looking at each sequence in the full alignment for the family. We take the name of the species given by UniProt and try to map that to the full taxonomic tree from NCBI. In some cases, the name chosen by UniProt does not map to any node in the NCBI tree, perhaps because the chosen name is listed as a synonym or a misspelling in the NCBI taxonomy.
So that these nodes are not simply omitted from the sunburst tree, we group them together in a separate branch (or segment of the sunburst tree). Since we cannot determine the lineage for these unmapped species, we show all levels between the superkingdom and the species as "uncategorised".
Since we reduce the species tree to only the eight main taxonomic levels, sequences that are mapped to the sub-species level in the tree would not normally be shown. Rather than leave out these species, we map them instead to their parent species. So, for example, for sequences belonging to one of the Vibrio cholerae sub-species in the NCBI taxonomy, we show them instead as belonging to the species Vibrio cholerae.
Too many species/sequences
For large species trees, you may see blank regions in the outer layers of the sunburst. These occur when there are large numbers of arcs to be drawn in a small space. If an arc is less than approximately one pixel wide, it will not be drawn and the space will be left blank. You may still be able to get some information about the species in that region by moving your mouse across the area, but since each arc will be very small, it will be difficult to accurately locate a particular species.
Tree controlsHide
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- Save a text representation
Selected sequences
- (Uncheck all)
- graphically
- as an alignment
- sequence accessions
- sequences in FASTA format
The tree shows the occurrence of this domain across different species. More...
Species trees
We show the species tree in one of two ways. For smaller trees we try to show an interactive representation, which allows you to select specific nodes in the tree and view them as an alignment or as a set of Pfam domain graphics.
Unfortunately we have found that there are problems viewing the interactive tree when the it becomes larger than a certain limit. Furthermore, we have found that Internet Explorer can become unresponsive when viewing some trees, regardless of their size. We therefore show a text representation of the species tree when the size is above a certain limit or if you are using Internet Explorer to view the site.
If you are using IE you can still load the interactive tree by clicking the "Generate interactive tree" button, but please be aware of the potential problems that the interactive species tree can cause.
Interactive tree
For all of the domain matches in a full alignment, we count the number that are found on all sequences in the alignment. This total is shown in the purple box.
We also count the number of unique sequences on which each domain is found, which is shown in green. Note that a domain may appear multiple times on the same sequence, leading to the difference between these two numbers.
Finally, we group sequences from the same organism according to the NCBI code that is assigned by UniProt, allowing us to count the number of distinct sequences on which the domain is found. This value is shown in the pink boxes.
We use the NCBI species tree to group organisms according to their taxonomy and this forms the structure of the displayed tree. Note that in some cases the trees are too large (have too many nodes) to allow us to build an interactive tree, but in most cases you can still view the tree in a plain text, non-interactive representation. Those species which are represented in the seed alignment for this domain are highlighted.
You can use the tree controls to manipulate how the interactive tree is displayed:
- show/hide the summary boxes
- highlight species that are represented in the seed alignment
- expand/collapse the tree or expand it to a given depth
- select a sub-tree or a set of species within the tree and view them graphically or as an alignment
- save a plain text representation of the tree
Please note: for large trees this can take some time. While the tree is loading, you can safely switch away from this tab but if you browse away from the family page entirely, the tree will not be loaded.
There is 1 interaction for this family. More...
We determine these interactions using iPfam, which considers the interactions between residues in three-dimensional protein structures and maps those interactions back to Pfam families. You can find more information about the iPfam algorithm in the journal article that accompanies the website.
For those sequences which have a structure in the Protein DataBank, we use the mapping between UniProt, PDB and Pfam coordinate systems from the PDBe group, to allow us to map Pfam domains onto UniProt sequences and three-dimensional protein structures. The table below shows the structures on which the Birna_RdRp domain has been found. There are 30 instances of this domain found in the PDB. Note that there may be multiple copies of the domain in a single PDB structure, since many structures contain multiple copies of the same protein sequence.
Loading structure mapping...


text:
Via PassiveGuy, who was linking to an article from ScienceFiction.com about a convention speech by bestselling sci-fi author Tracy Hickman to a room full of writers.
Quote Tracy:
"I have to do more now," he said finally. A hush went over the audience as Hickman continued to describe the conditions under which authors are laboring under today. One can write 12,000 words and sell it for 4.95, he said. At that price point, his 120,000 novel would have be $49.50, which would be impossible to market.
"I'm fighting for my life as an author," he admitted frankly, his voice solemn.
He then said that his audience of 6 million no longer find him because the book store is dying. A booksigning in older days would have fans lining around blocks just to have his signature, but a booksigning now might only get six people. "I have a 6 million following," he said quietly, "and they don't remember me."
Now, he works 12-14 hours a day writing four times the books he's comfortable writing because he makes a fourth of what he used to.
Tracy, I was really torn in how to respond to this when I read it. But I did feel compelled to respond, because I want to help you by offering some hard-won advice.
On one hand, I'm sorry the system that helped bring you fame and fortune can no longer do that for you. I was only entangled in the legacy system 1/3 of the time that you were, and it didn't treat me very well. But a look at the early years of my blog shows how hard I tried to be a part of it. I naively trusted those in NY Publishing to do their best for me, and I worked harder than any writer, before or since, to help my publishing partner sell as many books as possible. That including sending 7000 letters to libraries, visiting over 1200 bookstores, and doing events in 42 states.
My thriller series, though in multiple printings, got dropped, and I was forced to write horror under a pen name for half the money (going from $40k a book to $20k a book), and then that publisher screwed me and I did sci-fi under a pen name for 1/3 the money.
So I understand the mentality of running as fast as you can just to stay in place. I did it for eight years.
On the other hand, when all three of my major publishing relationships ended, it was mainly because I finally woke up and realized I was getting screwed.
So while I believed I'd gotten a raw deal, I didn't whine in public about it, or throw myself a pity party about how hard this business is. I realized that no one owes me a living. Even the fans who love me don't owe me.
That's when I took back all of my books--through great effort and expense--and self-published them, along with a slew of new titles.
I chose to give NY Publishing the finger. I encourage you to do the same.
Writing 4x as much to make what you used to make? Why the hell would you do something like that? If you have millions of fans, Tracy, they'll read whatever you publish. You're the brand, not your publisher.
You're upset that it's raining and you're getting wet, and right there next to you is a barrel full of free umbrellas. Reach for one, for crissakes.
If people can write 12,000 words and sell it for $4.95, what is preventing you from writing 12,000 words and selling it for $4.95? Have you heard of Hugh Howey? Wool? Or are you so entrenched in the legacy system that you feel there is really no other way?
I noticed this type of behavior way back in 2011. I called it Stockholm Syndrome. Read it. But a warning: it's gonna hurt. Truth and change always do.
Yes, I know you're wounded, and depressed, and frantic. But you need to take a few deep breaths and be brave.
Being brave means turning down shitty publishing contracts in favor of self-publishing.
I don't know you. I didn't hear your talk. I only have your quotes, and their interpretations, to go by. Maybe you're a forward thinking, deliberate, self-aware, brave writer who had a brief, public moment of nostalgia for the old days. Or maybe you're crying because someone moved your cheese.
It doesn't matter if that article painted a perfect picture of you. What matters is you feel you have to work four times as hard as you used to, and you're unhappy because fans aren't showing up to your signings.
So change.
One definition of insanity is doing the same thing, over and over, hoping for a different outcome.
I'll assume you aren't insane, but simply stuck in a rut.
Here's my advice:
1. Start reading my blog from this post in 2009 until present. It will take a day or two, and you'll get a Master's Degree in how to self-publish. This progression shows me going from $30 a day on Kindle, to well over $1000 a day.
2. Get as many rights back to your old work as possible. This may involve hiring a lawyer. That's what I did.
3. Buy out your current contracts. That's what I did.
4. Self-publish everything, and make sure it is as professionally done as possible. That's what I did.
5. Experiment. That's what I did, and still do.
I remember the feeling of impotence that legacy publishing instilled in me. No matter what I did, I wasn't good enough. Matters were out of my hands, and I didn't know what to do.
In hindsight, the answer is obvious.
When your career is out of your control, take control back.
It's risky. It's ALWAYS risky. But at least you'll have a say in your own fate. Working your ass off, begging for the crumbs your publishers hesitantly throw you, is indentured servitude. Especially when the industry has changed enough to give you many advantages and benefits you didn't have five years ago.
Now, I'm being intentionally provocative and critical because I believe you could use a wake up call. This is also a wake up call for the thousands of other legacy authors who are in your exact same position.
If you know a legacy author bemoaning their career and latest contract, forward this post to them. Don't let fear and despair and routine and impotence keep you from connecting with fans, making better royalties, keeping control of your IPs, and finding peace previously unheard of in this career.
I know I sound like a Zoloft commercial. But there really is an answer to your problems. It isn't a pill. It isn't crossing your fingers, hoping your publisher will treat you better. And it isn't the industry going back to the way it used to be.
It's self-publishing. And you need to embrace it fully, not in your spare time.
If you want to talk, Tracy, email me.
Tracy Hickman graciously responded on his blog. http://www.trhickman.com/wake-up-call-five-years-ago/
Thursday, April 03, 2014
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SuicideGirl of the Day — Modest
Meet Modest, a Suicide Girl who likes the Geico gecko, tin lunchboxes and singing at the top of her lungs.
Name: Modest
Age: 21
Location: Illinois
Heroes: Brigitte Bardot and Alex Jones.
Gets her hot: Breath on my back, having my hair pulled.
SuicideGirls is a community that celebrates alternative beauty and alternative culture from all over the world. Since 2001, tens of thousands of models have submitted millions of photos to their website hoping to become SuicideGirls.