text:
Not a Good Way to Go Out
Czech Republic's President Might be Tried for Treason
This isn't a good way to end an administration that started amid so many hopes of normality and reform.
It was supposed to be a moment of quiet dignity as President Vaclav Klaus of the Czech Republic steps down next week after two five-year terms as head of state. Instead, his presidency threatens to end in ignominy as his opponents try to press charges of high treason against him over his granting of amnesty to dozens of people accused of corruption. …
The Czech government has been buffeted in recent months by a series of corruption scandals that have threatened to bring it down. Corruption is so endemic that one industrious Czech started a corruption safari bus tour. Stops include a nonexistent house that 589 companies have registered as their headquarters.


text:
Howdy All
Sally, Marilyn and I hiked up Deer Springs to Little Round Valley, spent the night, then went XC to Drury, Joyce, Shirley and the Rockpile (aka Mt. St. Ellen's).
Sally's TR:
Y'all want to know what my idea of a good time is? It is taking a good thrashing in the San Jacinto Mountains with a backpack on my back with my best friends!
On Tuesday, Marilyn and Ellen and I jumped on the Deer Springs Trail at 6:20 in the AM. We were schlepping right along until we got to what we call the "Three Bears," the section just past the Fuller Ridge junction where there are 3 distinctive hurdles to cross. At that point Marilyn and I shifted into crawl mode. Ellen, the Energizer Bunny motored along. At about 11:30 we reached Little Round Valley. It was rather early so we took our sweet time making camp.
Well, what does one do in the middle of wilderness with the better part of the day in front of you? We explored the creek that runs through LRV and cleaned ourselves up a bit. Then, I chose to sit in my schnazy ultra-lite Helinox chair and party with my friends. Watching and listening to the variety of wild birds was entertaining, too!
We retired to our tents before dark as we were really tuckered out. After a long night we arose and had coffee and a great Mountain House Breakfast Skillet. We broke camp and began our "real" adventure of bagging some peaks.
Ellen lead us cross country up out of LRV towards Newton Drury. After tagging Drury we headed to Joycie and Shirley Peaks. Lastly we had lunch at the base of Mt St Ellen and scrambled to the top.
Well, we still had to get to the trail and hike out. The last time we 3 stooges tried this shenanigans, we wound up sliding down boulders, getting snagged in brush, and exiting the Deer Springs in a swamp. Determined to not do a repeat, we stayed left of the drainage. Proclaiming "progress, not perfection," we found a better cross-country route back to the trail.
The good news, we were back on the trail. The bad news... we were back on the trail with 6.3 miles to go, and we were already knackered!
After a long slog with much blood-letting to biting insects, we made it back to the trail head. For me, the icing on the cake was the "Texas Toothpicks" (Jalapeño, onion, and cheese fries) that came with my burger at the Lumbermill.
Yep, that is my idea of a great time!
Little Round Valley
Sally -- Team Stooges photographer
Sally pointed out that we always seem to be bent over when backpacking
Stream flowing in Little Round Valley -- hasn't been like this for years.
View of the Rockpile from Joycie peak.
Marilyn on Shirley
Views from Mt. St.Ellen's
Sally's videos:
https://www.facebook.com/sally.morley.9 ... 020857423/
https://www.facebook.com/sally.morley.9 ... 454190713/
https://www.facebook.com/sally.morley.9 ... 267524065/
https://www.facebook.com/sally.morley.9 ... 064190752/
https://www.facebook.com/sally.morley.9 ... 564190702/
Miles of smiles,

subset: commoncrawl


text:
"The single most important trend to understand is the changing ratio between mass and information in goods and services. This change will decide whether your present employer will be in business a decade from now. If you own a business, it will determine whether your company will grow or diminish. It will tell you whether your chosen study or career will be rewarded or ignored in the future. It will accurately predict the chances of success of products and services in the marketplace. It will tell you if your wages will go up or down in the coming years. And it will tell you where to invest, how to invest, and when to invest."
— Paul Hawken, The Next Economy
You know, although money may be pretty expensive these days (as anyone who's borrowed some lately will attest!), talk about money seems to be cheaper than ever. The ivory-tower economics professor, the get-rich-quick con artist, the "inside expert" financial consultant and even the fellow who cuts your hair, everyone seems to be willing to tell you exactly what's going on in the economy today. There's only one problem: All these authorities disagree.
Well, the following interview with businessman-author Paul Hawken gives one more outlook on our country's and the world's present financial quagmire — one that, as the quote above from Hawken's book The Next Economy shows, is by no means a modest one. Two things, though, make this discussion different, and probably a lot more accurate and useful than the views of the typical armchair analyst.
The first is that Paul speaks from personal experience as a highly successful and respected small-business man. In 1966 he turned a bunch of disorganized food co-opers in Boston into Erewhon, America's first multimillion-dollar natural foods supplier. Currently, he's co-owner of Smith & Hawken, importers of quality garden tools. (Unsolicited testimonial: Our Eco-village gardeners, and many staff growers as well, love their Smith & Hawken hand tools.) In both instances, Hawken started with an intense personal interest and created a highly successful — and frequently imitated — business.
Second, although Paul has a lot of good counsel to offer on the economy, home business and individual investments, his analysis isn't focused exclusively on $$$ signs. Instead, he has a much broader vision that incorporates environmental and philosophical issues in a way that's both obvious and startling.
We think you'll see what we mean when you read the following edited interview, recorded when our assistant editor, Pat Stone, and staff photographer, Steve Keull, visited Paul in his Mill Valley, Calif., store last June. May you find this discussion a profitable one.
Paul, despite signs here and there of a temporary recovery, a lot of people think the economy today is in fundamentally bad shape.
Well, in one sense, it is in bad shape. Third World countries are in the process of defaulting on their debts. We've got the highest real interest rates in our history, the highest bank failure rate in our history, and the highest business failure rate in our history. If you go over the last decade, you can come up with a lot of reasons that rationally support the view that the world economy is in great trouble.
But, unfortunately, once you come to that "rational" conclusion, it justifies all sorts of plans and actions to do something about it — actions that don't tend to work. What I'm trying to say in my book is that those symptoms are true, but they do not necessarily mean what we are told they do. I don't think that we, as a country, are defining the economy correctly. Therefore, public policy and also private policy often errs because we are misdiagnosing the symptoms.
I see the economic symptoms today as signs of a change from one type of economy to another. And we are a country that's kicking and fighting and resisting every step of the way. We are fighting what's best for us.
We have an economy that's changing more rapidly than at any time in our history. People don't like it, and I understand that. But it's the very best thing for us and planet Earth at this time.
What is this change?
To answer that, I'll first have to define the economy that is in transition ... that is, as I see it, dying. I use the word mass — not industrial — for this economy, and stipulatively define it as covering the period between 1870 and 1973. In that period, there evolved a very important relationship between human beings and energy (primarily oil) in which energy became the transformer of work.
That's why energy is so valuable. Through machinery and technology, each one of us can do more work with energy than we can do without it. The mass economy was a 100-year period in which we substituted more and more energy for labor every decade. That meant each of us became more productive. Because we produced more, the cost of whatever we were producing — whether it was tractors or toothbrushes — went down in price. And because they went down in price, we could afford to buy more. And because we bought more, we demanded more, so we produced more.
As we produced more widgets, or whatever, we used more resources to do it. Yet the cost of energy became less expensive every decade. The more energy we used to do our work, the less it cost.
All that changed in 1973 when the price of oil went up. Now, I agree with Amory Lovins on this. (Energy consultants Amory and Hunter Lovins were interviewed in 1984. — MOTHER EARTH NEWS) There wasn't an oil shortage in 1973. There isn't one today. We've got so much oil it's coming out of our ears. The problem was that in terms of supply and demand the price was too low. And finally the voraciousness of the mass economy met — not exhausted, just met — the limitations of oil resources. It wasn't a crash or a blast, it was more like a kiss.
And then?
And then, when the price of oil soared, that basic fundamental relationship between the human being and work changed. All of a sudden, energy — the primary mechanism for increasing productivity — became more expensive than the productivity gains it made possible. If we did work the old way, we would become less rich.
So, of course, the economy went into a tailspin. All sorts of latent fantasies came out. The world seemed filled with gold bugs and survivalists and people who said we were going to run out of oil before the end of the decade or the century. John Denver put in a 10,000-gallon gas tank at his home.
People seriously thought that the economy was finished, that we were all going to be out there with our methane-run Rototillers, barely getting by. The ones with the country smarts were going to be the survivors.
Are you putting down rural self-reliance?
No, I'm not criticizing people who like it in the country — I'm one of them. There are very powerful reasons to live in the country. In fact, the reverse migration that's happening in America today is the healthiest thing that could happen to the land. But if you're living in the country just to counter the collapsing economy, you are going to wait a long time. You'll be an old man, and still be waiting for the world to collapse.
The period of 1974 and 1975, though, was the finest hour for that type of fearful thinking. People did all sorts of noneconomic things. So did the government, by starting to give us a huge deficit.
Because the economy wasn't growing. So, according to the classic Keynesian approach, to restimulate the economy, you throw some money at it. You create money — in a very complex way, so it doesn't look like it — feed the fire with it, and sure enough, it works. It more than works: In three or four years, you have inflation.
Inflation rewards consumption and not production, spending and not saving. The people who speculate and know how to manipulate money are rewarded, while those who engage in healthy economic behavior are punished.
We had a few years of inflation; then Jimmy Carter appointed Paul Volcker to the Federal Reserve Board, and right away Volcker tightened up the money supply. And we had the biggest bond market collapse in our history, a $500 million loss. Real interest rates just soared, and the monetary supply dried up.
We were brimming on the edge of disaster until Mexico said it was going to default on August 15, 1982. Volcker had to let up then, and we had the biggest stock market rally in history.
The point of all that is that we're in an economy that's very volatile. It's like a manic-depressive: Its moods change instantaneously. The past decade produced a lot of people — and I was one of them — who were saying, "What the heck is going on? What do I do? Do I borrow? Do I pay off my mortgages? Do I button down the hatches and wait for the water to hit? Do I let out the sails and go for it?"
Well, you wrote The Next Economy as an entire book of economic analysis, so tell me, what do you do?
My book does not say, "This is what's happening and here's how you can make money off it." It offers a framework of understanding so you can have some conceptual way of understanding the change. It's a long-term change. We're just at the beginning of a 100-year transition.
What is that framework of understanding?
It has to do — here we go with definitions again — with the ratio of mass to information. We can't use rising resource consumption (or, to put it another way, ever-increasing mass) as a means for growing any longer, because the cost of that resource — be it energy or materials — is becoming more expensive the more we use, rather than cheaper the more we use.
We're seeing a change now in every single product, service and aspect of the economy: a change in the ratio of mass to information. Every thing we produce has so much physical stuff in it; namely, the embodied resources it took to produce that thing. It also has a certain amount of information in it. And by information I mean design, utility and durability — the application of the knowledge of how best to make or accomplish something. Information is the quality and intelligence that make a product more useful, longer-lasting, easier to repair and stronger, lighter and less energy-consuming.
What we have now is an economy in which the only way you can succeed is to change that mass-to-information ratio toward information. In the coming economy, you have to move toward the goods and services that will be rich in information or you'll be in trouble.
Let's look at how that framework fits what's happening today. The classic example is the automobile industry. American cars in 1973 were huge and very inefficient. After the first oil shock in 1974 and 1975, these cars became very uneconomical and a drag on the market.
In the last 10 years, we have demassified the American automobile. It's 30-percent lighter than it was 10 years ago. That's billions of pounds of steel, iron, chrome and all that we don't use now in cars.
And manufacturers have done more than that. Look at the difference between a Honda and a Chevette. Both cars are light. They have the same amount of materials. But why is a Honda so desirable? Why does it have a higher resale value, last longer and take half the time to assemble? That's due to the difference in information, in the design and intelligence and utility embodied in the car.
Look at the economy from the consumer's end. Between 1973 and 1984 real wages dropped 16 percent, while inflation went up. People have begun to realize that they can't have as much as before — as Mom and Dad did — so we're seeing what I call a Europeanization of the American economy. Many of the European countries have seen their monetary systems completely wiped out two or three times by war in the last 80 years. I mean wiped out: All their currency was valueless. That kind of memory makes people very cautious about how they spend their money. That type of person tends to buy less and buy better.
This trend of becoming very selective in buying explains why, in both recent recessions in our country, the companies that were making products of very high quality — in appliances, clothing, tools, automobiles or whatever — weren't hurt by the economic downturns. They weren't even touched.
Does the information economy you're talking about have anything to do with the computer age everyone else is talking about?
The computer age is part of the informative change. Somebody who puts in a woodstove and manages his own woodlot is just as much a part of this change in the economy as the guy who's making microchips in Silicon Valley. Why? Because a woodstove trades mass for energy in a direct, economic, and efficient way. The amount of energy that stove user is getting from the sun is incredibly high in comparison to the guy down the street who's plugged into Seabrook or some other nuclear power plant. The efficiency of energy conversion in that other guy's baseboard heater, by the time it finally gets generated at the plant, sent down the line, and converted into heat, is so low it's pitiful.
There are a great many other ramifications of the change toward an informative economy. A lot of large companies will shrink or liquidate as they lose out to smaller, more nimble ones. Many mass, nationwide markets will shrivel up. There'll be fewer middlemen and more direct sales to consumers. And as money fluctuates in value, people will depend more on barter and less on cash. Even now, you see the people at the base of the economy — consumers, businesspersons, householders — adapting to the changes, while the people at the top of our economic structure in government and big business are in crisis because they don't have a clue as to what's going on.
Paul, I'd like to talk some more about what this change means for small businesses and individuals. But first, let me ask you something else. When I read The Next Economy, I felt you were predicting two different near futures. On the one hand, you say the shift to an informative economy is going to be a little rough here and there, but we're not going to have a crash; it's all going to work out all right. But on the other hand, you say an economic collapse may occur any day now. I read both futures in your book and never felt a resolution between the two.
Well, what is the future going to be?
The reason I didn't write a resolution between the two is that we create the economy; it's not happening to us. So it's really arrogant for me or anyone else to say what's going to happen.
True, all the elements are in place for a bank collapse. It's a textbook case. You have this tremendous buildup of personal, corporate, bank, government, and Third World debt. You have a money system that's tightly controlled. If the economy starts to contract, a collapse could happen tomorrow. I'm very clear about that. But I also say I don't think it's going to happen.
That still sounds contradictory to me.
I'm just saying that I, Paul Hawken, don't think it will happen. That's not making a prediction. This is why I think this way: First of all, widely predicted things almost never happen. Mass opinion, frankly, is usually wrong. That's not a cynical statement but a logical one.
There weren't a whole lot of people sitting around in 1928 saying, "Boy, are we headed for credit collapse!" Today, everybody knows about that possibility, so they'll start to act in a way that changes the conclusion. We're not like lemmings blindly running toward a cliff and off into the ocean, because we can see that cliff and say, "Wait a minute, I think there's a better way to get there!"
The second reason I don't think we're headed for collapse is that the economy has so much vitality. In 1929 there was a real tiredness, a real winding down of the economy. But today this country is alive; it's dynamic. Sure, we have an economy that's contracting, but we also have one that's flourishing. We have the highest rate of business failure in our history right now. We also have the highest rate of new business start-ups. We've never had a recession before that also had businesses starting up at 600,000 per year.
Look at Apple and Steve Jobs. We talk about how, gee whiz, International Harvester just closed this plant, and 1,432 people were laid off from work. But there must be 50,000 or 100,000 people who owe their jobs, directly or indirectly, to Apple.
Or look at the energy and nuclear power industry. Utilities are in real trouble, right? But again — as Amory Lovins points out better than I can — 80 percent of the electricity presently generated by all power plants cannot compete with the energy technologies that have been created in the last 36 months. There are tens of thousands of people in business out there who are thriving precisely because the nuclear power industry is on its way out.
So you say, "Is the economy contracting?" Absolutely. "Is it growing?" Absolutely. And what happens when cold and hot air meet? You get tornadoes, thunderstorms, turbulence, wind shear, hailstones — you don't know what to expect. So my best guess is that the decade to come, like the one that's past, will be turbulent, volatile. We'll have a lot happening in a short time. That's why you have to have a way of looking at the economy that allows you to feel that you're part of a long-term dynamic change and not reacting to the day-to-day or month-to-month events.
As you pointed out, a lot of businesses are going to flourish in such turbulent times, and a lot will die. What are the keys to success for either an existing big company or a little home-based business?
First off, if you don't have a company that's learning-based, you're dead. I don't mean it has to have new technology. Rather, it has to be open to change, to have the attitude of soaking up good information and giving it out whether you're dealing with the circuitry in a microprocessor or a utilitarian knife made by a good craftsperson.
That information comes only from being a learning base. If a company isn't one where people are actually developing and growing, it will not do well. Oh, you may do well for a few years — come out with a chocolate chip cookie or something that has immediate popularity, and retire to a bluegrass farm with your blooded horses — but the company itself won't last.
Also, the learning has to accumulate. It can't be kept by one person at the expense of other employees and associates. Everybody has to be involved in the process.
Another criterion for success is that, big or small, the companies that succeed are the ones where the people who produce the product are the market. No more pandering. It's up to the Taiwanese to create the knockoffs now, to try to imagine what we want, to come up with the pink bathroom scales. The companies in America that are going to succeed have to sell essentially to themselves. So if you are starting a business making or selling something you won't buy, you're in the wrong business. And I mean it. If you are the market, you don't get out of touch with it.
The corollary of that is to stay close to your employees. Most people, especially those in small businesses, imitate their big brothers. Right away, they get the big office with the fancy carpet and trimmings. But the business where the top stays in touch with the bottom and can do everything hands-on — that's the business that's going to succeed. You can't treat employees the way you used to. To put more information into products, you have to put more information into employees through education, communication, and honesty.
Likewise, you have to stay close to your customers. With the mass economy, what worked best was concentration and centralization. Resource costs were going down so rapidly and buying power was increasing so rapidly that it was not economical to build a quality washing machine or repair a broken one. It was cheaper to buy a lowgrade one and replace it with a new one after the parts wore out.
In the next economy, those things don't work. There was an article in Business Week about how GE has learned to gear its production lines to what people experience with the products out in the field. This is GE's "new" marketing tool: The company is discovering that the more responsive it is to what it learns from service calls, the more repeat business it gets.
Well, hallelujah. Everybody knows that's the decent way to act. And now companies are starting to act that way, not because they're doing the right things for the right reasons, but because the right things work. Today 90 percent of the people who have a bad experience with a business they're dealing with will never return to it. That wasn't always true.
What are some other keys to business success today?
Choose a business, and stay with it. A lot of people make the mistake of trying to run two businesses at the same time. They'll say, "We're going to make solar collectors, so let's start an installation service." But those are two totally different businesses. They're completely unaware that they're getting in over their heads. The truth is that the world gives you permission to do a second thing only after you've done the first one well. If you take one thing and do it well, customers, banks, investors all allow you to try another. If you start out trying to do two things at once, it's like trying to walk on two feet at the same time.
Another guideline is "Borrow a lot or none." If you don't need to borrow at all, great. If you should borrow, though, there's no point in borrowing small amounts of money. Borrow a large amount of money. Then nobody can mess with you. Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico and Brazil have all proved that when you are out of money, you hold all the marbles. Your creditors don't have the marbles. You do. You control the capital.
What about repaying it?
Well, you sure better have a business plan. In fact, if you don't have a written-out business plan — or can't make one — you shouldn't be in business. Most money is never repaid. It's just refinanced and held over. As a matter of fact, if you're a small, growing company, you eat cash. You may show big profits on paper, but meanwhile you're consuming cash. So cash flow is much more important than profit.
Another thing: If possible, go into business with a partner. Recognize your strengths and weaknesses from the outset, and look for someone who complements you. Having a partner can also help keep you from seeing yourself as the big boss at the top of the pyramid.
Don't go into business unless you're very comfortable with numbers — unless you can do a 33-percent markup in an instant and get the price. A lot of people who go into business are very uncomfortable with those things. Or they are uncomfortable about making money. They feel that every time they make a buck they should charge less. So they do, and pretty soon they're out of business. They didn't realize that profit is a cost of doing business. It's a cost, not a surplus.
What about people who come from the other point of view, whose only reason to go into business is to make money?
Well, I wish them all the luck in the world, but if it's not learning-based ... no, I have to say more than that. If you read about so-called successful entrepreneurs, you'll find that few of them go into business because of materialistic motives. They may be greedy, all right, but even so, that's not why they went into business. They had some other agenda; they wanted to do something.
That's been true in my life. Every time I tried to make money, it's just been a joke. But any time I've gone out and done something unconventional that corresponded to my passions, I've just been shocked by the fact that I made money every single time.
The reason people should run a business is that there is something they want to accomplish in business. It's a very effective way to get things done. It's also a very honest way to get things done, because this culture is very, very demanding when it comes to business. Make one mistake, and you're out.
So if people who don't have that passion say, "I'd like to be in mail order," I'll say, "Don't, because that's a silly thing to want to be in." But if you come to me and say, "I love camping. I love to go camping, to talk about camping. And I can't find everything I want to buy to use for camping," then we can start talking about a camping business.
I have a criticism of MOTHER EARTH NEWS on this point. Every issue has a "you can make $100 a day" business story. Usually it's the headline that's bad. Sometimes the articles are good. They'll go in and analyze and give a great case study of what one person did. But the headers aren't, in my opinion, very good.
A business has to resonate with your sense of who you are and what you want to do in the world, not with your need to earn $100 a day. The business things are secondary to that. They are extremely important. Cash flow, accounting, marketing — all those things are like changing the oil and keeping air in the tires so the car won't fall apart and you'll get to where you want to go. But don't confuse the vehicle with the destination. Business is a way to accomplish something. It in itself is not an accomplishment.
Any more advice?
Don't start where you want to end up. I can't say enough for starting small, because that allows you to learn in an environment where there are no major consequences if you fail. Starting small is simply acknowledgment of the fact that you're committed to learning. And the thing about learning is that, sooner or later, everybody makes a big mistake — the kind that's life-threatening to the business. It's like a child pushing to find where the parents' limits are. We're that way in business: likely to take a flier. Usually it ends up in near failure of the business, and we become chastened.
Have you made those kinds of big mistakes yourself?
At Erewhon I made every mistake there is. I'm trying to think of what I did right!
Would you care to give an example?
No capitalization ... I borrowed a lot, which was careless but understandable. My real mistake was not having my own capital.
What were the consequences?
I almost went out of business. All my cash belonged to somebody else. Between my customers and my bills and my bank, I never had my own money.
Just how could you have avoided that predicament?
By getting investors. The scale and type of business I was in warranted that. Another mistake we made at Erewhon was not enfranchising the employees. Just about any new business should do that. You have to do it right. They have to earn it. If you just give it away, they'll resent you. But if you do it right, it's very good. At People's Express, for instance, the average employee has $70,000 to $80,000 equity in the airline, and it's been a tremendous incentive. People want to be a part of the whole. They require that sense of involvement with their work and life in order to do their best.
One last piece of advice for the small-business person is simply this: Have fun.
Have fun? That sounds like a frivolous remark.
It's more like the canary in the mine. If the canary stops singing, you'd better get out of that mine real fast, because there's no oxygen in there. The level of how much oxygen there is in a business is the level of laughter, spontaneity, of real human warmth and contact. If you create a place that's so serious and gloomy it imprisons people's spirits, people won't want to work there. You'll create a kind of slave.
I love customers. I love to deal with people. And so does everyone else at Smith & Hawken. We do $700 a square foot per year of retail business in our store here. That's phenomenal. We do more business than stores five to ten times our size. But we do it because of the quality of our employees and the level of our service. We pay well, and we don't have uninformed workers. They communicate a lot with customers, and they don't exploit anybody.
Paul, we've talked about financial issues on societal and business levels. Now, let's get down to home: How does an individual make good financial decisions in these turbulent times?
In other words, "What do you do with your money?" I'll answer that, but first I want you to understand two things: This is just how I see it, and I hope I am wrong.
We talked earlier about the massive buildup of debt and the inability of OPEC countries and Third World countries to service that debt, which is compounding and growing as a force unto itself. Well, that debt is going to be liquidated, somehow and some way, sooner or later.
There are two ways it can be liquidated. One is through contraction: the credit collapse we talked about earlier. The other is through inflation. The way things are now, we're due for one or the other.
So what do you do?
The first thing you do, if you have cash, is to be cautious and watch. I said that in my book, and then the bull market of '83 came, so book reviewers said, "If you'd done what Paul Hawken said, you would have lost money." But you have to understand, I'm not trying to give advice on how to make money. I'm giving you advice on how to keep money. There's a difference.
Sure, people made money in that bull market. Consequently, the last quarter of 1983 saw the highest sale of mutual funds ever. But everybody who bought them then lost money in the stock market. And that's the more typical experience. Ninety percent of all individual investors lose money in the stock market. Seventy percent of the portfolios do worse than stock market indexes. In other words, if you bought one of everything, you'd do better than 70 percent of the managed, institutional portfolios.
It's like Las Vegas: The odds are rigged against you.
What I'm saying is, don't start by playing the stock market. You should have at least a year's income saved. Traditionally, in all cultures at all times, you save money first. You invest it second. And then, if you want to have fun, you speculate with it ... if that's fun for you, which it isn't for me.
So the first thing you do is save. Buy treasury bills. If you can't afford the $5,000 or $10,000 to buy T-bills yourself, buy money market funds that hold only government treasuries. The second thing, oddly enough, that I think you should do is to buy real estate if you can afford it and can service it. Don't leverage real estate. And if you can't afford to buy a house, buy a lot and save money for the house. Land is a very good investment.
Those are two different strategies, but right now I'm not too happy with anything in between.
What about buying gold?
That's the worst. If you have cash savings and real estate, one of them represents your work and the other your home. Both these things are extensions of your life.
The only time that gold does well is when the world fails. When you put your cash — the symbol of your energy — into gold, you put it into an investment vehicle that only does well when your neighbor, next door or in the world, doesn't. I'm not saying you will or won't make money. I'm saying it's psychologically debilitating. I mean, when Kharg Island blows up, what happens? Do you say, "Hey, it's really heating up there in the gulf. I'm going to make out like a champ"? You've ostracized yourself.
Now, if you buy gold and think this is an insurance policy against losing money the same way I have an insurance policy against this building burning down, that's fine. I hope I don't ever have to collect on my insurance policies. Then you haven't moved away from yourself. You aren't banking on trouble.
Even in that sense, though, you're probably better off investing in yourself, in learning skills that you can use. Look at what happened to the hoarders and the doers in other crashes. The doers always came out ahead. When the Weimar Republic collapsed, the people who had valuable skills were in business the next day. They almost didn't skip a beat.
The hoarders had real problems. First, everybody knew who they were. Second, they had to get rid of the hoard. Gold's been nationalized many times. Then all the government has to do is say, "You got gold? Don't worry, we're not going to come get it. But there's only one place you can sell it, and that is with our bank right here."
You know, Paul, for someone who talks about economics and business and investments, you often seem to be not talking about economics and business and investments. For instance, you said you shouldn't try to make money just for the sake of making money.
There's nothing wrong with making money. I've got no problem with that. And there's nothing wrong with trying to make money with money, with investing for financial gain. All I'm asking is, what are you doing with your time? Do you really want to spend your time plugging your Apple to the Dow-Jones and tracing your investments and selling this and making an eighth of a point on that? Is this a good way to spend your abilities, your intelligence? For most people, most of the time, it's the dumbest thing they can do.
Unfortunately, so many things keep taking us away from this fundamental question of purpose. We keep being seduced by our own culture.
We don't have an education system that really nurtures intelligence within the child. We have a seduction system that takes people away from themselves. It sets up expectations of what we ought to be when we grow up, and we try to live up to them. After all, we were born to try to please. That's a natural human quality. But just like any other quality, it can be perverted.
All right, if there are so many seductions and wrong messages, how do people find the right purpose for themselves?
Don't ask me.
But, according to you, that's the most important question anyone can ask!
If you ask me to find your answer, I might tell you. And I'd be wrong.
But I didn't ask you what one's purpose is.
I know.
I asked you how a person finds it.
That's right. I can't tell you that.
I want to press you on this a bit because so much of what you've said sounds similar to the hip "be yourself" movements of today that I wonder if you aren't pushing some specific "solution."
Definitely not. In my opinion, many of the so-called human potential or New Age movements are rip-offs. Many of them are sincere and well-intentioned too, but some of the worst things you can do to somebody happen when you are sincere and well-intentioned. The road to hell is paved, you know.
The problem with my generation is that, because we grew up with and around so much uncertainty, we've created a seller's market for certainty. Many people, for instance, have no discrimination whatsoever concerning religious teachers — teachers who often came here because they were recognized as charlatans in their own countries! Frank Lloyd Wright said that if you shook America, everything loose would end up in L.A. In a sense, if you shook the earth, everything loose — including a lot of these "teachers" — would end up in the United States.
But though you're not recommending how a person should find a life purpose, you are recommending that people should do so.
I'm just saying, "People, wake up!" It's a tremendous effort to wake up. Shibboleths, old concepts, cuddly ideas, and past priorities fall. You lose the things that used to orient you to the life around you. And that's part of becoming more alive. That's also a part of economic growth — and it's essential for it.
Paul, I've been very surprised to find us on this subject. I admit that when I read your book, I thought it was, in a way, subversive. But I thought you were secretly trying to spread environmental ideas through economic analysis: "You'll lose money if you waste resources. Good ecology is now good economics."
You saw that there, but I kept my ecological metaphors in the book to a bare minimum. I was fastidious in avoiding all buzz words in The Next Economy. I didn't use borrowed language.
Well, you have to admit that sounds subversive.
Absolutely. The book was intended to be totally subversive. It wasn't written for the counterculture. I wanted it to slip between the membranes into the mainstream.
But just because a book is written for the mainstream doesn't mean it's subversive unless it has a subversive purpose.
It has a subversive purpose.
What's that?
To make people think.
Yes ... ?To give them permission to know that their highest aspirations work.


text:
webtalent needed a new wordpress theme design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 7 designs submitted by 3 freelance designers.
Quick Sales Tips
Quick sales tips was a sales blog for the last couple years. Right now the blog looks to personal.. has my picture and things. I'd like it to be more like a generic portal or community site and have it look more professional. The site is going to be half sales/business blog and half education portal (highlighting online business degrees) so I'd really like to find a nice way to balance the content and the school affiliates together.
The target audience would be sales people, business people and people looking to get a business degree online) while learning about sales .
1. Change the template into a magazine style
a. Similar to the website http://www.justsell.com
b. or http://www.studiopress.com/
2. Looking to have this type of functionality on the homepage
b. Facebook fanpage widget for quicksalestips (like searchengineland.com has)
c. Newsletter sign up
d. Social icons (follow us on twitter, youtube, facebook)
e. Top Articles (most popular)
f. Most recent Comments
g. Categories
h. Learning Center (featured Schools—I want to be able to insert images and links to school affiliates here.. can you make a widget for me to do this)
i. Sponsors – Looking for a couple small banner ads here as well.
j. Sales Resources (blog roll)
7. I need a new logo as well.
Again my goal in this project is to make this look more like a professional magazine and use the traffic coming in from the blog posts to generate interest in the university affiliate programs which will be in pages in the navigation bar.. The navigation bar should read as follow:
1. Home
2. Online Business Degrees
3. Sales Jobs
4. Sales News (need a better news feed for this.. any ideas?
5. Sales Training
6. Sales Resources
7. Submit Articles
8. Advertise with us
The current website is http://www.quicksalestips.com


text:
Student Organizations
American Constitution Society
ACS Membership
Student membership in The John Marshall Law School Chapter of ACS is free. Email [email protected]
Student memberships in ACS National Organization is only $10. Membership forms can be downloaded from http://www.acslaw.org/membership on the ACS website. Every member of The John Marshall Law School ACS Chapter is strongly encouraged to join the national organization. Please visit ACS National Organization website for more information on membership benefits at http://www.acslaw.org.
As a national member you will have access to:
ACS Blog
ACSBlog is now live at http://www.acslaw.org/acsblog. This student-edited blog will feature breaking news summaries, informative articles and expert commentaries by some of the nation's leading legal scholars and practitioners. ACSBlog has already featured comments by Professors Erwin Chermerinsky on Separation of Powers, and Michael Seidman on gay marriage and the Pledge of Allegiance. Members and others are encouraged to post comments on the blog. No specialized technical knowledge is necessary; commenting is as easy as sending an e-mail. As appropriate, ask speakers from your events to submit short (200-400 word) summaries of their remarks. Often, pieces of this type can be based on the speaker's notes for the program and require little additional work. These summaries may be featured on the blog as expert guest commentary.
ACS Newsletters, Weekly Bulletins, and Announcements
In addition to this newsletter, ACS distributes a seasonal newsletter and weekly bulletins. The newsletter features pictures and summaries of recent ACS events. The 2004 Summer Edition of the newsletter is available online. Weekly bulletins are the best way to stay abreast of current legal and public policy issues, job opportunities in the progressive community, and activities and future events at ACS and other organizations. Announcements are periodic emails sent to our members to alert them of important events. Bulletins and announcements are only sent to current ACS members. To start receiving them, join us.
ACS National Conference
Members can obtain scholarships to attend the national conference in Washington, D.C.
Additional Resources
American Constitution Society, National: www.acslaw.org.


text:
Tides change, wind changes, accidents happen. The less than one minute it takes to pinch them off is cheap insurance against something going wrong. Five struts float way better than one.
Also, pinching them off allows you to keep riding if a strut fails. It happened to me once. Crashed the kite hard, and it relaunched oddly, but still relaunched. I was looking at it thinking it looked different but not sure how. Then I realized my #3 strut was deflated, and the dacron panel was buffeting a little bit. I did some kite maneuvers and realized the kite was still flying fine, so I rode for another hour.
After I landed the kite, I saw the strut damage. It has split straight across and the bladder had popped almost in half.
But, my valves were pinched off and I saved my kite session because of it.


text: First, hello everyone. I'm new to this forum, so if I posted this thread in wrong one, i'm sorry. I've change the hostname in the server. old hostname --> oldserver.example.com new hostname --> newserver.example.com 1st - I've modify /etc/hostname 2nd - I've modify /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 127.0.1.1 newserver.example.com newserver xx.xxx.xx.xx newserver.example.com newserver 3rd - I've run /etc/init.d/hostname.sh stop & etc/init.d/hostname.sh start 4th - test: run hostname --> newserver.example.com run hostname -f -->newserver.example.com I change also the /etc/postfix/main.cf files replacing "mydestination" and and both SSL certificates (IMAP and POP) replacing "CN" value. Every thing seems ok, but every log files are still showing oldserver.example.com. It's necessary reboot the server? Thanks


text:
You know things have gone too far when hysterical stories about a phone have titles like "It's True! Round corners", "Power button moved", OMG
http://thefusejoplin.com/2014/08/iphone ... k-release/
Or a leak of the back cover of a phone - http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/new ... ple-leaker
Seriously who gives a shit really.
It's square and phone like, might be a bit thinner, might be glass, might be plastic.
It's not going to let you do anything any other smart phone can't do.
When they make a new phone that makes breakfast and gives blowjobs I'll be interested.


text:
Finance, Office of the Director of / Data Processing Unit[Record group 62-6]
Agency Function
- The functions of this agency are currently performed by the Mayor's Office of Information Services.
- Agency History
- The Data Processing Unit was formed in the Office of the Director of Finance to begin computer operations of financial matters. The unit was enlarged and moved from the Director of Finance to the Mayor's Office in 1986, when it became the Philadelphia Computing Center. In 1994, the name was changed again to the Mayor's Office of Information Services.
- Archival Records
- 62-6.1 Reports & Publications (1960)
Click on a folder or file to return to that level...
PhILS Home
City Agencies
Current Agency Information Sheet. (Text-only version of this page)
Send your comments to firstname.lastname@example.com
Last updated on November 8, 2000


text:
Difference between revisions of "Software RAID and LVM"
m (moved User:Filam/RAID to Software RAID and LVM)
(Remove warning, add categories and il8n)
|Line 1:
|Line 1:
{{|Software RAID LVM}}
{{Article summary start}}
{{Article summary start}}
Revision as of 20:03, 16 September 2011
Template:Article summary start Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary heading Template:Article summary link Template:Article summary heading Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary end
The combination of RAID and LVM provides numerous features with few caveats compared to just using RAID.
- 1 Preface
- 2 Introduction
- 3 Installation
- 3.1 Load kernel modules
- 3.2 Prepare the hard drives
- 3.3 RAID installation
- 3.4 LVM installation
- 3.5
Update RAID configuration
- 3.6 Prepare hard drive
- 3.7 Configure system
- 3.8 Conclusion
- 3.9 Install Grub on the Alternate Boot Drives
- 3.10 Archive your Filesystem Partition Scheme
- 4 Management
- 5 Mounting from a Live CD
- 6 Removing device, stop using the array
- 7 Adding a device to the array
- 8 Troubleshooting
- 9 Benchmarking
- 10 Additional Resources
Although RAID and LVM may seem like analogous technologies they each present unique features.
Template:Wikipedia Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is designed to prevent data loss in the event of a hard disk failure. There are different levels of RAID. RAID 0 (striping) is not really RAID at all, because it provides no redundancy. It does, however, provide a speed benefit. This example will utilize RAID 0 for swap, on the assumption that a desktop system is being used, where the speed increase is worth the possibility of system crash if one of your drives fails. On a server, a RAID 1 or RAID 5 array is more appropriate. The size of a RAID 0 array block device is the size of the smallest component partition times the number of component partitions.
RAID 1 is the most straightforward RAID level: straight mirroring. As with other RAID levels, it only makes sense if the partitions are on different physical disk drives. If one of those drives fails, the block device provided by the RAID array will continue to function as normal. The example will be using RAID 1 for everything except swap. Note that RAID 1 is the only option for the boot partition, because bootloaders (which read the boot partition) do not understand RAID, but a RAID 1 component partition can be read as a normal partition. The size of a RAID 1 array block device is the size of the smallest component partition.
RAID 5 requires 3 or more physical drives, and provides the redundancy of RAID 1 combined with the speed and size benefits of RAID 0. RAID 5 uses striping, like RAID 0, but also stores parity blocks distributed across each member disk. In the event of a failed disk, these parity blocks are used to reconstruct the data on a replacement disk. RAID 5 can withstand the loss of one member disk.
RAID does not provide a guarantee that your data is safe. If there is a fire, if your computer is stolen or if you have multiple hard drive failures, RAID will not protect your data. Therefore it is important to make backups. Whether you use tape drives, DVDs, CDROMs or another computer, keep an current copy of your data out of your computer (and preferably offsite). Get into the habit of making regular backups. You can also divide the data on your computer into current and archived directories. Then back up the current data frequently, and the archived data occasionally.
LVM (Logical Volume Management) makes use of the device-mapper feature of the Linux kernel to provide a system of partitions that is independent of the underlying disk's layout. What this means for you is that you can extend and shrink partitions (subject to the filesystem you use allowing this) and add/remove partitions without worrying about whether you have enough contiguous space on a particular disk, without getting caught up in the problems of fdisking a disk that is in use (and wondering whether the kernel is using the old or new partition table) and without having to move other partition out of the way.
This is strictly an ease-of-management issue: it does not provide any addition security. However, it sits nicely with the other two technologies we are using.
Note that LVM is not used for the boot partition, because of the bootloader problem.
This article uses an example with three similar 1TB SATA hard drives. The article assumes that the drives are accessible as Template:Filename, Template:Filename, and Template:Filename. If you are using IDE drives, for maximum performance make sure that each drive is a master on its own separate channel.
|LVM Logical Volumes
|LVM Volume Groups
|RAID Arrays
|Physical Partitions
|Hard Drives
Swap space
Many tutorials treat the swap space differently, either by creating a separate RAID1 array or a LVM logical volume. Creating the swap space on a separate array is not intended to provide additional redundancy, but instead, to prevent a corrupt swap space from rendering the system inoperable, which is more likely to happen when the swap space is located on the same partition as the root directory.
MBR vs. GPT
Template:Wikipedia The widespread Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioning scheme, dating from the early 1980s, imposed limitations which affected the use of modern hardware. GUID Partition Table (GPT) is a new standard for the layout of the partition table based on the UEFI specification derived from Intel. Although GPT provides a significant improvement over a MBR, it does require the additional step of creating an additional partition at the beginning of each disk for GRUB2 (see: GPT specific instructions).
Boot loader
This tutorial will use SYSLINUX instead of GRUB2. GRUB2 when used in conjunction with GPT requires an additional BIOS Boot Partition. Additionally, the 2011.08.19 Arch Linux installer does not support GRUB2.
GRUB2 support the current default style of metadata created by mdadm (i.e. 1.2) when combined with an initramfs, which has replaced in Arch Linux with mkinitcpio. SYSLINUX only supports version 1.0, and therefore requires the Template:Codeline option.
Some boot loaders (e.g. GRUB, LILO) will not support any 1.x metadata versions, and instead require the older version, 0.90. If you would like to use one of those boot loaders make sure to add the option Template:Codeline to the Template:Codeline array during RAID installation.
Obtain the latest installation media and boot the Arch Linux installer as outlined in the Beginners' Guide, or alternatively, in the Official Arch Linux Install Guide. Follow the directions outlined there until you have configured your network.
Load kernel modules
Enter another TTY terminal by typing Template:Keypress+Template:Keypress. Load the appropriate RAID (e.g. Template:Filename, Template:Filename, Template:Filename, Template:Filename, Template:Filename) and LVM (i.e. Template:Filename) modules. The following example makes use of RAID1 and RAID5.
# modprobe raid1 # modprobe raid5 # modprobe dm-mod
Prepare the hard drives
Each hard drive will have a 100MB Template:Codeline partition, 2048MB Template:Codeline partition, and a Template:Codeline partition that takes up the remainder of the disk.
The boot partition must be RAID1, because GRUB does not have RAID drivers. Any other level will prevent your system from booting. Additionally, if there is a problem with one boot partition, the boot loader can boot normally from the other two partitions in the Template:Codeline array. Finally, the partition you boot from must not be striped (i.e. RAID5, RAID0).
Install gdisk
Since most disk partitioning software does not support GPT (i.e. Template:Package Official, Template:Package Official) you will need to install Template:Package Official to set the partition type of the boot loader partitions.
Update the pacman database:
$ pacman-db-upgrade
Refresh the package list:
$ pacman -Syy
Install Template:Package Official:
$ pacman -S gdisk
Partition hard drives
We will use
gdisk to create three partitions on each of the three hard drives (i.e. Template:Filename, Template:Filename, Template:Filename):
Name Flags Part Type FS Type [Label] Size (MB) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sda1 Boot Primary linux_raid_m 100.00 # /boot sda2 Primary linux_raid_m 2000.00 # /swap sda3 Primary linux_raid_m 97900.00 # /
Open Template:Codeline with the first hard drive:
$ gdisk /dev/sda
and type the following commands at the prompt:
- Add a new partition: Template:Keypress
- Select the default partition number: Template:Keypress
- Use the default for the first sector: Template:Keypress
- For Template:Filename and Template:Filename type the appropriate size in MB (i.e. Template:Codeline and Template:Codeline). For Template:Filename just hit Template:Keypress to select the remainder of the disk.
- Select Template:Codeline as the partition type: Template:Codeline
- Write the table to disk and exit: Template:Keypress
Repeat this process for Template:Filename and Template:Filename or use the alternate Template:Codeline method below. You may need to reboot to allow the kernel to recognize the new tables.
Clone partitions with sgdisk
If you are using GPT, then you can use Template:Codeline to clone the partition table from Template:Filename to the other two hard drives:
$ sgdisk --backup=table /dev/sda $ sgdisk --load-backup=table /dev/sdb $ sgdisk --load-backup=table /dev/sdc
RAID installation
After creating the physical partitions, you are ready to setup the Template:Codeline, Template:Codeline, and Template:Codeline arrays with Template:Codeline. It is an advanced tool for RAID management that will be used to create a Template:Filename within the installation environment.
Create the Template:Codeline array at Template:Filename:
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sd[abc]3
Create the Template:Codeline array at Template:Filename:
# mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level=1 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sd[abc]2
Create the Template:Codeline array at Template:Filename:
# mdadm --create /dev/md2 --level=1 --raid-devices=3 --metadata=1.0 /dev/sd[abc]1
After you create a RAID volume, it will synchronize the contents of the physical partitions within the array. You can monitor the progress by refreshing the output of Template:Filename ten times per second with:
# watch -n .1 cat /proc/mdstat
Further information about the arrays is accessible with:
# mdadm --misc --detail /dev/md[012] | less
Once synchronization is complete the Template:Codeline line should read Template:Codeline. Each device in the table at the bottom of the output should read Template:Codeline or Template:Codeline in the Template:Codeline column. Template:Codeline means each device is actively in the array.
LVM installation
This section will convert the two RAIDs into physical volumes (PVs). Then combine those PVs into a volume group (VG). The VG will then be divided into logical volumes (LVs) that will act like physical partitions (e.g. Template:Codeline, Template:Codeline, Template:Codeline). If you did not understand that make sure you read the LVM Introduction section.
Create physical volumes
Make the RAIDs accessible to LVM by converting them into physical volumes (PVs):
# pvcreate /dev/md0
Confirm that LVM has added the PVs with:
# pvdisplay
Create the volume group
Next step is to create a volume group (VG) on the PVs.
Create a volume group (VG) with the first PV:
# vgcreate VolGroupArray /dev/md0
Confirm that LVM has added the VG with:
# vgdisplay
Create logical volumes
Now we need to create logical volumes (LVs) on the VG, much like we would normally prepare a hard drive. In this example we will create separate Template:Codeline, Template:Codeline, Template:Codeline, Template:Codeline LVs. The LVs will be accessible as Template:Filename or Template:Filename.
Create a Template:Codeline LV:
# lvcreate -L 20G VolGroupArray -n lvroot
Create a Template:Codeline LV:
# lvcreate -L 15G VolGroupArray -n lvvar
# lvcreate -C y -L 2G VolGroupArray -n lvswap
Create a Template:Codeline LV that takes up the remainder of space in the VG:
# lvcreate -l +100%FREE VolGroupArray -n lvhome
Confirm that LVM has created the LVs with:
# lvdisplay
Update RAID configuration
Since the installer builds the initrd using Template:Filename in the target system, you should update that file with your RAID configuration. The original file can simply be deleted because it contains comments on how to fill it correctly, and that is something mdadm can do automatically for you. So let us delete the original and have mdadm create you a new one with the current setup:
# mdadm --examine --scan > /mnt/etc/mdadm.conf
Prepare hard drive
Follow the directions outlined the Installation section until you reach the Prepare Hard Drive section. Skip the first two steps and navigate to the Manually Configure block devices, filesystems and mountpoints page. Remember to only configure the PVs (e.g. Template:Filename) and not the actual disks (e.g. Template:Filename).
Configure system
mkinitcpio can use a hook to assemble the arrays on boot. For more information see mkinitpcio Using RAID.
- Add the Template:Codeline module to the Template:Codeline list in Template:Filename.
- Add the Template:Codeline and Template:Codeline hooks to the Template:Codeline list in Template:Filename after Template:Codeline.
Once it is complete you can safely reboot your machine:
# reboot
Install Grub on the Alternate Boot Drives
Once you have successfully booted your new system for the first time, you will want to install Grub onto the other two disks (or on the other disk if you have only 2 HDDs) so that, in the event of disk failure, the system can be booted from another drive. Log in to your new system as root and do:
# grub grub> device (hd0) /dev/sdb grub> root (hd0,0) grub> setup (hd0) grub> device (hd0) /dev/sdc grub> root (hd0,0) grub> setup (hd0) grub> quit
Archive your Filesystem Partition Scheme
Now that you are done, it is worth taking a second to archive off the partition state of each of your drives. This guarantees that it will be trivially easy to replace/rebuild a disk in the event that one fails. You do this with the
sfdisk tool and the following steps:
# mkdir /etc/partitions # sfdisk --dump /dev/sda >/etc/partitions/disc0.partitions # sfdisk --dump /dev/sdb >/etc/partitions/disc1.partitions # sfdisk --dump /dev/sdc >/etc/partitions/disc2.partitions
For LVM management, please have a look at LVM
Mounting from a Live CD
If you want to mount your RAID partition from a Live CD, use
# mdadm --assemble /dev/md0 /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdc3
(or whatever mdX and drives apply to you)
Removing device, stop using the array
You can remove a device from the array after you mark it as faulty.
# mdadm --fail /dev/md0 /dev/sdxx
Then you can remove it from the array.
# mdadm -r /dev/md0 /dev/sdxx
Remove device permanently (for example in the case you want to use it individally from now on). Issue the two commands described above then:
# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdxx
After this you can use the disk as you did before creating the array.
Stop using an array:
- Umount target array
- Repeat the three command described in the beginning of this section on each device.
- Stop the array with:
mdadm --stop /dev/md0
- Remove the corresponding line from /etc/mdadm.conf
Adding a device to the array
Adding new devices with mdadm can be done on a running system with the devices mounted. Partition the new device "/dev/sdx" using the same layout as one of those already in the arrays "/dev/sda".
# sfdisk -d /dev/sda > table # sdfisk /dev/sdx < table
Assemble the RAID arrays if they are not already assembled:
# mdadm --assemble /dev/md1 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 # mdadm --assemble /dev/md2 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 # mdadm --assemble /dev/md0 /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdc3
First, add the new device as a Spare Device to all of the arrays. We will assume you have followed the guide and use separate arrays for /boot RAID 1 (/dev/md1), swap RAID 1 (/dev/md2) and root RAID 5 (/dev/md0).
# mdadm --add /dev/md1 /dev/sdx1 # mdadm --add /dev/md2 /dev/sdx2 # mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sdx3
This should not take long for mdadm to do. Check the progress with:
# cat /proc/mdstat
Check that the device has been added with the command:
# mdadm --misc --detail /dev/md0
It should be listed as a Spare Device.
Tell mdadm to grow the arrays from 3 devices to 4 (or however many devices you want to use):
# mdadm --grow -n 4 /dev/md1 # mdadm --grow -n 4 /dev/md2 # mdadm --grow -n 4 /dev/md0
This will probably take several hours. You need to wait for it to finish before you can continue. Check the progress in /proc/mdstat. The RAID 1 arrays should automatically sync /boot and swap but you need to install Grub on the MBR of the new device manually. Installing_with_Software_RAID_or_LVM#Install_Grub_on_the_Alternate_Boot_Drives
The rest of this guide will explain how to resize the underlying LVM and filesystem on the RAID 5 array.
If you are have encrypted your LVM volumes with LUKS, you need resize the LUKS volume first. Otherwise, ignore this step.
# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/md0 cryptedlvm # cryptsetup resize cryptedlvm
Activate the LVM volume groups:
# vgscan # vgchange -ay
Resize the LVM Physical Volume /dev/md0 (or e.g. /dev/mapper/cryptedlvm if using LUKS) to take up all the available space on the array. You can list them with the command "pvdisplay".
# pvresize /dev/md0
Resize the Logical Volume you wish to allocate the new space to. You can list them with "lvdisplay". Assuming you want to put it all to your /home volume:
# lvresize -l +100%FREE /dev/array/home
To resize the filesystem to allocate the new space use the appropriate tool. If using ext2 you can resize a mounted filesystem with ext2online. For ext3 you can use resize2fs or ext2resize but not while mounted.
You should check the filesystem before resizing.
# e2fsck -f /dev/array/home # resize2fs /dev/array/home
Read the manuals for lvresize and resize2fs if you want to customize the sizes for the volumes.
If you are getting error when you reboot about "invalid raid superblock magic" and you have additional hard drives other than the ones you installed to, check that your hard drive order is correct. During installation, your RAID devices may be hdd, hde and hdf, but during boot they may be hda, hdb and hdc. Adjust your kernel line in /boot/grub/menu.lst accordingly. This is what happened to me anyway.
Recovering from a broken or missing drive in the raid
You might get the above mentioned error also when one of the drives breaks for whatever reason. In that case you will have to fore the raid to still turn on even with one disk short. Type this (change where needed):
# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --run
Now you should be able to mount it again with something like this (if you had it in fstab):
# mount /dev/md0
Now the raid should be working again and available to use, however with one disk short! So, to add that one disc partition it the way like described above in #Partition_the_Hard_Drives. Once that is done you can add the new disk to the raid by doing:
# mdadm --manage --add /dev/md0 /dev/sdd1
If you type:
# cat /proc/mdstat
you probably see that the raid is now active and rebuilding.
You also might want to update your /etc/mdadm.conf file by typing:
# mdadm --examine --scan > /etc/mdadm.conf
That should be about all steps required to recover your raid. It certainly worked for me when i had lost a dive due to a partition table corruption.
There are several tools for benchmarking a RAID. The most notable improvement is the speed increase when multiple threads are reading from the same RAID volume.
Tiobench specifically benchmarks these performance improvements by measuring fully-threaded I/O on the disk.
Bonnie++ tests database type access to one or more files, and creation, reading, and deleting of small files which can simulate the usage of programs such as Squid, INN, or Maildir format e-mail. The enclosed ZCAV program tests the performance of different zones of a hard drive without writing any data to the disk.
Template:Codeline should NOT be used to benchmark a RAID, because it provides very inconsistent results.
Additional Resources
- LVM2 Resource Page on SourceWare.org
Software RAID
- RAID/Software on the Gentoo Wiki
- Software RAID Install on the Gentoo Wiki
- Software RAID in the new Linux 2.4 kernel, Part 1 and Part 2 in the Gentoo Linux Docs
- Linux RAID wiki entry on The Linux Kernel Archives
- Arch Linux software RAID installation guide on Linux 101
- Chapter 15: Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Documentation
- Linux-RAID FAQ on the Linux Documentation Project
- Linux/Fedora: Encrypt /home and swap over RAID with dm-crypt by Justin Wells
- Setup Arch Linux on top of raid, LVM2 and encrypted partitions by Yannick Loth
- RAID vs. LVM on Stack Overflow
- What is better LVM on RAID or RAID on LVM? on Server Fault
- Managing RAID and LVM with Linux (v0.5) by Gregory Gulik
- Gentoo Linux x86 with Software Raid and LVM2 Quick Install Guide
Forums threads
- 2011-09-08 - Arch Linux - LVM & RAID (1.2 metadata) + SYSLINUX
- 2011-08-28 - Arch Linux - GRUB and GRUB2
- 2011-08-03 - Arch Linux - Can't install grub2 on software RAID
- 2011-07-29 - Gentoo - Use RAID metadata 1.2 in boot and root partition
- 2011-04-20 - Arch Linux - Software RAID and LVM questions
- 2011-03-12 - Arch Linux - Some newbie questions about installation, LVM, grub, RAID


text:
20722 Surnames | 136036 Records | 2772 Reunions
Dead Fred asks:Are you a Desperate Genealogist?
Click the e-book above for details!
Dead Fred's Genealogy Photo Archive, a free, fun photo genealogy research web site devoted to helping you visualize your heritage!
Photo Thumbnail
Click image for
larger view.
Order The Desperate Genealogist's Idea Book: Creative Ways to Outsmart Your Elusive Ancestors (eBook).You can also order The Desperate Genealogist's Idea Book in hardcopy format by clicking here.
Photo #49209
Last Name: Allen
First Name : Herbert
Middle Name: Jay
Subject's City: Wattsburg
Subject's State: PA
Subject's County: Erie
Subject's Country: united states
Date: 1901-1920
Photographer's City:
Photographer's State:
Type** : GRP
Comments: Herbert Jay Allen (Nee: ) | Wattsburg PA united states | 1901-1920 | Comments: Taken 1919 Wattsburg,Erie,PA
/Emily Alice Chapin born 8 Apr 1855 Wattsburg,Erie,PA died 1932 Lowville,Erie,PA buried Lowville Cemetery Lowville,Erie,PA-daughter of Jonathan Chapin(1818-1896) & Abigail Elmira McClure(1821-1900)-wife of Earl Phillips
/Herbert Jay Allen born 7 Jun 1874 Whitefield,Coos,NH died 8 Dec 1924 Ripley,Chautauqua,NY buried 11 Dec 1924 Wattsburg Cemetery Wattsburg,Erie,PA-son of George Woodbury Allen(1843-1919) & Rosette Phoebe Parker(1844-1923)-husband of Pearl Eugenia Butler(1877-1957)
/Theodora Kanne born 24 Aug 1885 Jasper Co.,IA died 16 Jan 1973 Denver,Denver,CO buried Wyuka Cemetery Lincoln,Lancaster,NE-daughter of August J. Kanne(1843-1898) & Mary Elizabeth Daneuser(1844-1895)-wife of David Harrison Butler(1879-1959)
/Earl Phillips born 1866 PA died 1941 Lowville,Erie,PA buried Lowville Cemetery Lowville,Erie,PA
/Ada Morgan born 20 Nov 1865 Erie Co.,PA died 20 Oct 1935 Erie Co.,PA buried North East Cemetery North East,Erie,PA-daughter of Charles Morgan,Jr(1836-1932) & Calista E. Perry(1839-1922)
Digital Image Only? NO
Everyone Listed In This Photo:
To view all records posted by this submitter, click here:
Search Photos | Post Photos | Surnames | Mysteries | Annuals
Meet Fred | Testimonials | Media | Archivists | FAQs
Contact Us | Groups | Links | Your Own Search Box | Marketplace
Privacy Policy | Terms of Service
Free genealogy searches for those looking into their family history.
© 2001-2019 DeadFred.com Genealogy Photo Archive
P.O. Box 6937 | Springdale, AR | 72766-6937 | (479) 750-0082
Search Photos
Post Photos
Meet Fred
Media Center
Contact Us
Facebook Group
Your Own Search Box


text:
Volunteer Your Time
Volunteers offer practical and social support for Seattle Cancer Care Alliance patients and their families and caregivers.
If you are interested in volunteering, please visit www.sccavolunteer.org for information on service descriptions, upcoming orientation dates, and instructions for submitting your application.
If you would like more information on how to make an in-kind donation that would benefit SCCA patients and families, please contact:
Volunteer Services Program
Seattle Cancer Care Alliance
825 Eastlake Avenue E., LA-201
P.O. Box 19023
Seattle, WA 98109-1023
(206) 288-1075
(206) 288-1074


text:
Welcome to Scott Cinemas Event Cinema... Bringing you the latest alternative entertainment to the 'Big Screen'.
What is Event Cinema?
Cinemas are no longer being used just to show the latest movie blockbuster. Here at Scott Cinemas we are bringing a range of cultural productions to the 'Big Screen' such as Opera, Sporting Events, Theatre Plays, Musical Productions, Ballets, Music Entertainment, Comedy Shows, Childrens' Programming and Documentaries. We are in association with Trafalgar Releasing, More2Screen, Cinema Live, Munro and dCinex.
Are these productions live events at the cinema?
Not all these productions are live at the cinema, some will be pre-recorded and then shown on the cinema screen, others will be a live streaming from the event as it takes place from around the world with stunning high definition and 6 channel sound. So if you can't make The Royal Opera House to see a production, you can watch it LIVE as it happens from your local cinema... Please check the productions full details for more information. 'Encore' screenings are repeat showings of the previous live feed - made available in case you can't make the live event!
Are live performances actually live?
Yes! Each cinema is equipped with either one or two satellite systems in order to receive the broadcasts as they happen from the venue. There's usually a 5 minute delay on the satellite feed so that they can resolve any problems with the feed, but it's completely "as it happens." Because of the nature of live shows, it is possible, but very unlikely, that some picture artifacts may occur, as satellite systems are dependant on good weather, but the latest technologies help to keep any problems to a minimum.
Are these productions at all Scott Cinema venues?
Unfortunately not all our cinemas are able to offer Event Cinema productions. In some locations, local planning policy prevents us from having multiple satellite dishes, and as live broadcasts can be on one of two different frequencies, we may not be able to cover every event. We hope in the future to bring selected shows to most cinemas. Please check the productions full details for participating cinemas.
How can I book tickets?
It is advisable that tickets are booked in advance for Event Cinema productions. You can book tickets the same way you book a cinema ticket; online or in person at the cinema.
What Event Cinema productions are you showing?
To see individual productions please select a category below by clicking on their banners.


text:
Can Kobe Bryant hold off LeBron James to once again be the leading vote-getter?
Will Jeremy Lin make a late finishing push to supplant MVP candidate Chris Paul in the Western Conference?
Those are the two biggest questions left to answer when the results of fan balloting to choose the starting lineups for the 2013 NBA All-Star Game are announced tonight on TNT (7 p.m. ET).
Bryant, who leads the league in scoring, had an advantage of 26,152 votes over James in the overall race in the most recent round of results released on Jan. 3. Paul was holding down the second spot in the West backcourt with a lead of 46,269 votes over Lin. The top three in the West frontcourt voting are: Kevin Durant, Dwight Howard and Blake Griffin.
James was leading everyone in the Eastern Conference, followed by frontcourt partners Carmelo Anthony and Kevin Garnett. The top two backcourt vote-getters were Dwyane Wade and Rajon Rondo.
The howls of protest would likely be loudest if Lin, getting a strong wave of support from Asia, were to beat out Paul, who has the Clippers challenging Oklahoma City for the best record in the NBA.
But others who could make a legitimate case that they should be in the starting lineups based on their performances so far this season are Knicks center Tyson Chander in the East frontcourt and Spurs' veteran Tim Duncan in the West frontcourt.


text:
NEW YORK, N.Y.—Candice Glover spent more time on Season 12 of American Idol than she will on creating her debut album.
The 23-year-old, who won the Fox singing show last week after competing for four months, is set to release Music Speaks on July 16.
Past Idol champs released their debut albums in the fall after winning the contest in the spring, but Glover said she's ready to capitalize on the insta-fame Idol has given her.
"I've built a fan base being on this show, and my fan base is interested in me now and they won't see me every Wednesday and Thursday anymore to admire my singing, so I think it's a good thing it's coming out this summer," she said in an interview this week.
"It's crazy that I'm even talking about an album because last year I was working at a resort," she added, laughing.
Music Speaks was available on preorder the day after she won the Idol crown, beating out country singer Kree Harrison. Glover's debut single, the inspirational pop ballad "I Am Beautiful," sold 48,000 tracks in its first week, according to Nielsen SoundScan.
The St. Helena Island, S.C., native, who auditioned but didn't make the cut in seasons nine and 11, said the Idol experience has made her more confident.
She said taking risks on the show — like performing Paula Abdul's "Straight Up" and Drake's "Find Your Love" — is helping her find her true voice.
"(From) Day 1 I was still in the mindset of pleasing people. In season 11, I was all about pleasing people. . . . This year I took more chances because I didn't care anymore," she said. "I didn't always have that confidence. I was insecure about how I looked and people would tell me all the time, 'You don't look the part.' And this year I kind of stopped caring about that and just did me."
Glover said she's heading to Los Angeles this week to begin work on her album.
"My album will most likely be R&B, soul and a little bit of jazz, almost like a Jazmine Sullivan vibe because I love her. She's my favourite singer of all time," Glover said of the Grammy-nominated songstress whose R&B hits include "Need U Bad" and "Holding You Down (Goin' in Circles)."
When asked what producers and songwriters she would be working with, she said: "I have no idea."
Glover, who is also influenced by Christina Aguilera, said she wants her album to be full of positive messages, much like her first single.
"I was in school for psychology because I wanted to counsel teenage girls that had those insecurity problems, and I'm glad my music has that connection with people because that's really what I wanted to do whether I was singing or not," she said.
The top 11 contestants on "Idol" will kick off a 40-show concert tour June 29 in St. Louis, Miss.


text:
Kanye West Embraces Confederate Flag, Flaunts New Gear
Never one to shy away from controversy, Kanye West is making a bold fashion statement by wearing a Confederate flag jacket.
'Ye rocked the coat to shop at Barneys New York located in Beverly Hills this week, US Weekly reports. The piece was created specifically as merchandise to sell during his Yeezus tour. Several other items like T-shirts being sold on the tour, which is currently postponed, are also emblazoned with the Confederate flag.
The fashion-forward superstar paired the military green jacket with a Confederate flag patch on the sleeve with ripped jeans and Visvim shoes. Wearing the flag during a visit to Barneys is an especially definitive statement as the luxury store has come under fire for racial profiling. West even spoke out against the retailer in a recent rant about racism.
In an interview the 'Bound 2' rhymer had with Los Angeles' 97.1 AMP radio station, he explains why he chose to place the flag, which serves as a reminder of slavery and segregation, on the clothes he's selling. "React how you want. Any energy you got is good energy. You know the confederate flag represented slavery in a way -- that's my abstract take on what I know about it," he states. "So I made the song 'New Slaves.' So I took the Confederate flag and made it my flag. It's my flag now. Now what are you going to do?"


text:
六年级女生放学离奇失踪 通过保险单找到父亲联系方式
嫌疑人凌晨在宿迁被抓 记者了解到,这份通告一经发出,便得到广大淮安市民的积极响应,纷纷在微信朋友圈分享。与此同时, 淮安市公安局专案组结合微信群众举报及相关工作,确定犯罪嫌疑人赵光道可能逃往宿迁方向。6月21日下午,淮安市公安局指挥中心随即联系宿迁市公安局,请求帮助。宿迁市公安局接报后,立即组织开展宣传发布工作,宿迁公安微警务公众号当日发布悬赏通告,并组织嫌疑人可能逃往的泗阳、沭阳两地警方微警务同步发布。截至22日凌晨,淮安市淮阴分局办案民警共接报群众举报电话400余次。6月22日早5时,宿迁市公安局接群众报警后,成功将在逃的犯罪嫌疑人赵光道抓获。 记者了在采访中了解到,小芳平时在校表现很好,但是在事发后,学校了解到,小芳平时在校外花钱有点"大手大脚",对此,该校一名负责人告诉记者,这钱有可能就是嫌疑人赵光道平时所给,现在,嫌疑人赵光道已被警方成功抓获,其自杀目前仍在医院抢救,小芳到底身在何处,警方仍在查找,案件正在侦办之中。
Grade six girls out of school mysteriously disappeared through the insurance policy to find his father contact information [grade six schoolgirl strange disappearance] Huaian Public Security Bureau task force combined with WeChat masses report and related work, to determine the suspect Zhao Guangdao may flee to Suqian direction. After receiving the report, the Suqian Municipal Public Security Bureau immediately organized publicity and release work, issued a reward notice, and organized the suspect to flee to Siyang, Shuyang, the two police micro police issued simultaneously. As early as 5 in June 22nd, after the Suqian Public Security Bureau received the public warning, the successful criminal suspect Zhao Guangdao captured. "Zhao Guangdao suspects have been arrested, the suspect was Dutch act is the hospital, Xiao Fang in our school the sixth grade girls allegedly violated its (a pseudonym) there is still no news, 22 PM, three trees town of Huaiyin District of Huaian City, Jiang Jijiu year school a responsible person told the reporter, they are most worried about is Xiaofang where? Grade six schoolgirl mysteriously disappeared after school Reporters learned that Fang attended the nine year school is the primary school and junior high school merged together, the time of the incident, Xiaofang attending the school at night in the sixth grade primary school, the school, you can go home at noon to eat. "By monitoring, the last time I saw Xiao Fang is at noon on June 14th 11:20 and 08 seconds left the school, the school official told reporters that the police are offering 65 year old suspect Zhao Guangdao actually and Xiaofang are neighbors, usually called the uncle Fang, and the relationship is particularly good, my family is very special, the mother ran away from home, the father working outside, usually with small Fang grandparents at home life. In that small Fang's disappearance, Zhao Guangdao also repeatedly Xiao Fang eager to inquire about the news, according to the person in charge of the school, according to school regulations, before June 14th at 2:10 in the afternoon, you should come to school teacher Xiao Fang, found no school at first thought it was ill or not to play truant, to find a criminal case, Fang parents contact. Unfortunately, Xiaofang parents did not leave any contact, until the evening rounds, Xiaofang did not appear, so we started looking around, still to no avail, the teacher thought has been done before, Xiaofang insurance through the insurance policy and finally find Xiaofang father contact. In June 15th, Xiaofang father hurried home from working in the field, together with schools to the police. The police have offered 5000 yuan for the suspect The police through access to surveillance found near the school after school at noon afternoon, Xiao Fang, did not enter the campus, with the police to find that, in the evening of June 15th, Jiang set station road monitoring one pushing electric bicycle Xiaofang, although the video screen is very vague, but small Fang family recognized this person is his neighbor, 65 year old Zhao Guangdao. According to the person in charge of the school, according to their understanding of the suspect and later, Xiao Fang is a very good relationship, Xiaofang and sometimes on the suspect's home for dinner, Xiao Fang's disappearance, the police have been looking for the suspect to understand the situation, and the suspect Zhao Guangdao is also very enthusiastic about Fang's whereabouts, and monitoring on the evening of 15, a Xiaofang is missing, the police locked Zhao said a major suspect, but at this time, Zhao Guangdao has been found to have fled, police in Huaiyin and quickly released xiechatongbao, and in June 21 released 5000 yuan reward notice, said that in June 14th, Huaiyin District of Huaian City, a 6 grade school girl is missing, the missing girl Xiaofang suspected infringement a reward of 5000 yuan, after a major crime suspects Zhao Guangdao. The suspect Zhao Guangdao, male, 65 years old, about 1.66 meters tall, ID number: 320821195206025354, three village three tree town of Huaiyin District of Huaian City West Group, negative case fugitives, wearing a blue short sleeved T-shirt escape, wearing black pants, left forehead abrasions, riding a brown electric vehicle (a vehicle), not to carry identity cards. Police asked the masses to expose and disclose clues, the suspect will be awarded 5000 yuan. Suspects arrested in Suqian early in the morning Reporters learned that, once the announcement was issued, it has received a positive response from the majority of the people of Huaian, have shared in the WeChat circle of friends. At the same time, the Huaian Municipal Public Security Bureau Ad hoc group combined with WeChat masses report and related work, to determine the suspect Zhao Guangdao may flee to Suqian direction. On the afternoon of June 21st, the command center of Huaian Public Security Bureau immediately contacted the Suqian Municipal Public Security Bureau and asked for help. Report of the Suqian Municipal Public Security Bureau, immediately organize publicity release, Suqian public security police micro public number day issued a reward notice, and organize the suspect may flee to Siyang, Shuyang police police released micro. As early as 22 am, Huaian Huaiyin Branch police handled a total of 400 telephone reports received from the masses. As early as 5 in June 22nd, after the Suqian Public Security Bureau received the public warning, the successful criminal suspect Zhao Guangdao captured. The reporter learned in the interview, Xiaofang usually in school performance is very good, but after the incident, the school learned that in school, Xiaofang usually spend "wasteful", in this regard, the school a responsible person told the reporter, this money is likely to suspect Zhao Guangdao usually, now, Zhao Guangdao suspects by the police the Dutch act successfully captured is still in the hospital, Xiao Fang in the end where, the police are still searching, the case is under investigation.
- 儿童网游暗藏色魔 "小花仙"游戏重开 花下别再藏"色魔" Children's online games hidden Flower Fairy maniac game don't hide under the flowering of rapist-东华大学教务处
- [大爷公交吊杆飞踹]_大爷公交吊杆飞踹 如此矫健身手还需要爱心专座?-rxobaom中文版下载
- 读诗亭亮相北京 爱心读诗亭亮相北京!排队等候的有耄耋老人,也有孩童 Read poetry Pavilion debut in Beijing love reading poetry Pavilion debut in Beijing! The queue is the oldest old, also have children-长沙理工大学教务网
- [公职人员上班睡觉]_公职人员上班睡觉,真相比处理更重要 [officer officer]_ sleeping at work to sleep at work, the truth is more important than treatment-轮奸友妻
- [宋慧乔公开近况]_宋慧乔曝婚讯五天后首晒照 甜笑公开近况 [Song Hye Kyo Song Hye Kyo]_ in public exposure five days after the first marriage of sun shine sweet smile in public-美空模特卡卡


text:
How to Use
the Readings
Inquiry Question
Reading 2: Casualties in the Battle of Rivers Bridge -- The Official Reports
The Union Report:
Maj. Gen. F. P. Blair to Army of the Tennessee HQ, "In the Field"
I have the honor to report the following as the casualties in this command on the 2d and 3d instant, all of which are in the First Division: One officer and 17 enlisted men killed; 3 officers and 103 men wounded. General Mower estimates the losses of the enemy at about 200. There are 16 of their dead on the field and a hospital with 17 wounded found in rear of their position. The number of prisoners taken is 10, and of deserters 17.The Confederate Report
Account of Confederate casualties, from The War of the Rebellion: Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 122 volumes (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1880-1901), Series I, Vol. XLVII, Part I, pp. 1075-1076.
Col. George P. Harrison, Jr., 32nd Georgia Infantry, commanding Harrison's Brigade, McLaws' Division; return of Casualties in Harrison's Brigade at Rivers' Bridge, 3 February 1865
I have the honor to report the number of casualties in the detachment from my brigade under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Bacon, Thirty-second Georgia Infantry, in the engagement of the 3d instant at Rivers' Bridge:
Questions for Reading 2
1. Compare the two official casualty reports. Why do you think that the number of Union soldiers killed and wounded was twice the number of Confederates killed and wounded?
2. Note the difference in the number of Confederate casualties estimated by the Union commander and the number of Confederate casualties reported by the Confederate commander. How might you account for the difference?
3. What purposes do casualty reports like these serve to military commanders?
4. If you were an officer commanding a large force of soldiers in the field, how would you report your unit's casualties and the casualties of the enemy? How would obtain your information? How accurate do you think the information would be?


text: Windsport, Thor Motor Coach RV: The Windsport delivers plenty of ways for the family to get out and enjoy time together. No matter what the destination, getting there is half the fun. If you're looking for good times with the kids, grandkids or great friends, get in a Windsport and have some fun!


text:
Product Description
The Faze 3/2mm Mens Summer Wetsuit with all-new graphics and colour panelling plus additional features including Hydrophobic chest and back panels and strategic super-stretch neoprene placement. The Faze range is produced using super stretchy SCR grade neoprene for an exceptional comfort fit and is the best 3/2mm summer flatlock suit we have ever produced.
Technical Features
-STRATEGIC SUPER-STRETCH SCR Neoprene Placement on Shoulder, Arm and Under-arm
-SOLID Flatlock Seam Construction
-CORETEX Full-Flex Knee Pads
-HYDROPHOBIC Chest & Back Panel to Cut Wind-chill Prevent Finger Nail Nicks
-GLIDE-SKIN Adjustable Collar for Comfort Fit
-ANATOMICAL Panel Fit Throughout
-DURABLE Chunky YKK Back Zip Pull Cord
-FULL UV Protection
"Team rider Scott Easty says of the Faze: "The Faze suit is SUPER flexible and it feels more like surfing in boardies than a full suit! The suit doesn't restrict your movement whatsoever so it's perfect for our typical fun, summer waves where you need to be nice and loose to get the most out of the waves!"
Check out our product review of the Faze Summer Wetsuit. Watch this space for more reviews!


text:
Welcome to Campus Recreation
The mission of the Department of Campus Recreation is to provide students, faculty, staff, alumni and members of the campus community the opportunity to experience lifelong activities while enhancing their well-being by promoting fitness and wellness, by offering a positive outlet for stress, by providing safe and clean quality facilities, equipment, and programs. Furthermore, Campus Recreation strives to promote a healthy college experience while building interpersonal and leadership skills.
Our indoor facilities offer several multipurpose courts, a heated swimming pool, a climbing wall, a jogging track, and designated fitness areas including group fitness classrooms and our state-of-the-art weight room; outside, our recreational fields as well as the Leadership Challenge Course hosted by CORE Outdoors are here to help suit all the recreational needs of our members. Along with our facilities, many programs here at the SRC, such as Aquatics, CORE Outdoors, Intramural and Club Sports, and Group Fitness, offer activities and events that encourage members to join together in a fun, active environment.
- Front Office
- 229.333.5898
- 229.259.5088
- After Hours
- 229.245.4306
- CORE Outdoors
- 229.245.2355
- IM and Club Sports
- 229.333.5480
- Aquatics
- 229.245.4305
- Fitness
- 229.245.4302
Campus Address
1300 Sustella Ave.
Valdosta, GA 31698
Mailing Address
1500 N. Patterson St.
Valdosta, GA 31698


text:
I have just released 0.0.19, with some interesting changes. Iterators and generators are supported now. Full random support was contributed by a user (thanks Jeff :-)), by converting a Python version to C++ using Shedskin. Interestingly, by default it uses the same random engine (Mersenne Twister) as CPython, so the two behave exactly the same. Jeff is now thinking about how to add fast matrix support, which would be really nice to have.. But there were also many small fixes in this release. Here is the sourceforge changelog:
-iterator and generator support (no generator expressions yet)
-full support for random module (converted from Python version)
-added itertools.{count, repeat, cycle}, dict.{iterkeys, itervalues, iteritems}
-added 3-argument integer version of __builtin__.pow
-logical and, or operations have correct return value now (e.g., '3 and 4')
-lots of minor bug fixes (improved % operator, added math.pow..)
The main focus for 0.0.20 will probably be to add support for tuples, with differently typed elements, of length greater than 2, up to some arbitrary length..


text:
My Favorite Flirts is a feature that lets you reach your favorite Flirts easily from My Account or on 1-800-TO-FLIRT.Manage My Favorites
Empress Olga
$0.69 per volley.
(178 Reviews)
My name is Empress Olga,the Hungarian Goddess of your dreams.
Some Mistresses might claim to be Hungarian but I am the real deal.My sexy hypnotic Hungarian accent is sure to keep you hypnotized and on your knees crawling back for more. I am without a doubt the one you have been searching for your entire life. I am the perfect blend of erotic and extreme sensual domination. The epitome of the erotic temptations your desires can not resist. You will find yourself addicted in no time.Like an addict needing your "fix". I am your drug running deep through your veins making you my own personal fiend. There is no rehab or turning back. Once you have had a taste you will come crawling back time and time again. Your mind will remain filled with thoughts of me. Overwhelmed by your desires for me you will find there is no other choice but to succumb to the overwhelming urge to become my slave. Now let's begin our journey with a little introduction so you can't say I never warned you.
As a younger girl growing up in Hungary I was always the pretty girl men were chasing after. I conducted myself in a very mature way that let these men know they were not up to par to my standards, I knew what I wanted and desired. As time went by I realized quickly I had the power to get whatever I wanted whenever I wanted it regardless of what it was. So I begin trying this out with the older men who were drooling over me and my sensual nature. I knew instinctively that if I was going to run the show I needed to take charge from the beginning so I did. I had been watching my sisters and hearing how they believed the cock ran the man and not their brains so based on that I begin. Cock teasing became my friend and my greatest weapon. Tease and denial will always get a man to do as you please. Men can not stand to not be allowed to cum and will do ANYTHING to avoid or remedy that from occurring so that is what I have ran with to get my own way. My new found knowledge was so successful that it has landed me here in the United States with a sissy cuckold who is sponsoring my citizenship along with anything else I so desires.
Domination Style
I am not sure I would say I have one particular style but more of a mesh of styles to make my own. In Hungary I use a lot of hardcore domination techniques but have twisted them since immigrating into the United States to suit my own sensual style. I am an extremists in terms of cum denial and orgasm control I feel like these are things that are earned and need to be kept as rewards because men are a lot like puppy's who do best with reward based incentives. I use chastity and key holding to keep your cock stroking addictions under control. I like to make sure you don't have a choice to fuck up. If given the opportunity I know you will and I don't want to have to turn into a hardcore sadistic domme unless absolutely necessary. So I suppose in a nutshell you can say my style is sensual but sadistic if need be and revolves around your sacrifices to show me you are truly dedicated.
I could go on and on about the things I love and specialize in but I will just give you a few but please don't think these are all inclusive. Number one is sensual domination, orgasm control and of course denial if need be, tickling, spanking ( bare bottom over the knee), chastity, key holding, cuckold training with a little cbt fun if I so desire and see the it would benefit my ability to take complete control over you. Like I said this is nowhere near all inclusive but just a sample of some of the things I enjoy.
Off Limits
This is where being a non native English speaker gets confusing because in Hungary we simple do not believe in limits! I might be in America now but have no plans on adjusting my no limits policy. I don't like limits but if I need to pick one then I would say bitchy men who won't obey and call for training. I don't deal with men who don't know what the fuck they want so don't waste my time or I will waste yours and your wallet as I laugh all the way to the bank.
Mistress Olga