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Table of Contents
> Poisoning and toxicity
Poisoning and toxicity
Related Terms
Signs and symptoms
Integrative therapies
Author information
Causes and risk factors
Types of poisonings and toxicities
Integrative Therapy Quick Links:
Folate (folic acid)
Detoxification therapy
Related Terms
Acetaminophen, acetone, alcohol poisoning, aluminum toxicity, Alzheimer's disease,
Amanita muscaria
, ammonia, anemia, antacid, anthracycline chemotherapy, antioxidant, arsenic, arsenic poisoning, aspartame, benzene, BHA, BHT, bleomycin-induced lung damage, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, calcium, carbaryl, carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide poisoning, chelating agent, chlorine, colic, cyclosporine toxicity, decane, diazinon, dioxin, ethyl alcohol, food additives, food coloring, food poisoning, formaldehyde, halogenated hydrocarbons, herbicide, hexane, isopropyl alcohol, lead toxicity, lindane, lithium, lometrexol toxicity, magnesium, malathion, mercuric chloride poisoning, mercury, methotrexate toxicity, methylmercury, monosodium glutamate, MSG, neurotoxicity, nicotine, nitrogen oxides, organophosphate, osteoporosis, para-dichlorobenzene, PCBs, P-DCB, pesticide, petroleum, phenol, phosphorous, poisoning, potassium, preservatives, radon, radon poisoning, rodenticide,
Russula subnigricans
, saccharin, styrene, suicide, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, toxaphene, trichloroethane, xylene.
Poisoning and toxicity occurs when individuals drink, eat, breathe, inject, or touch enough of a chemical (also called a poison or toxin) to cause illness or death. A poison is any substance that is harmful to the body when eaten, breathed, injected, or absorbed through the skin. Any substance can be poisonous if enough is taken.
Poisoning is the most common cause of nonfatal accidents in the home. More than two million people suffer some type of poisoning each year in the United States. Drugs, including prescription, over-the-counter (OTC), and illegal drugs, are the most common source of serious poisonings and poisoning-related deaths. Most poisonings involve everyday household items such as cleaning supplies, drugs, cosmetics, and personal care items. Other common poisons include gases, agricultural products, plants, industrial chemicals, vitamins, and foods (such as raw or undercooked meats). However, almost any substance ingested in sufficiently large quantities can be toxic. Infants and young children are especially vulnerable due to their weight and size.
The dangers of poisoning range from short-term illness to brain damage, coma, and death. Some poisons in very small amounts can cause illness or injury. Some poisons cause immediate injury, such as battery acid or household cleaners. Other poisons may take years of exposure to create a health problem, such as heavy metals (lead, arsenic, mercury). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines a poisoning that occurs by accident as "unintentional poisoning" and a poisoning that results from a conscious, willful decision (such as suicide or homicide) as "intentional poisoning." Unintentional poisoning includes the use of drugs or chemicals for recreational purposes in excessive amounts, such as an overdose. Unintentional poisoning also includes the excessive use of drugs or chemicals for non-recreational purposes, such as by an infant or child. Intentional poisonings include suicide, such as medication overdosage.
Poisoning is a significant global public health problem. According to the CDC, 32,691 deaths were reported in 2005 as a result of poisoning. Of these, 23,618 (72%) were reported as unintentional, 5,833 (18%) were reported as intentional, and 3,240 (10%) were of undetermined intent. In 2004, 95% of unintentional and undetermined poisoning deaths were caused by drugs, most commonly opioid pain medications, cocaine, and heroin. In the same year, 75% of intentional poisoning suicides were caused by illegal and legal drugs. The CDC also reports that men were 2.1 times more likely to die from unintentional poisoning and 1.3 times more likely to die from intentional poisoning than women.
Young children are particularly vulnerable to accidental poisoning in the home, as are elderly people, often from confusion. Hospitalized people and industrial workers are also vulnerable to accidental poisoning by drugs errors and from exposure to toxic chemicals, respectively.
The damage caused by poisoning depends on the poison, the amount taken, and the age and underlying health of the person who takes it. Some poisons are not very potent and cause problems only with prolonged exposure or repeated ingestion of large amounts. Other poisons are so potent that just a drop on the skin can cause severe damage.
On average, poison centers nationally handle one poison exposure every 14 seconds.
Most poisonings involve everyday household items such as cleaning supplies, drugs (prescription, over-the-counter, and illegal), cosmetics, and personal care items.
Signs and symptoms
Heavy metal poisoning
Aluminum poisoning
: Many of the symptoms of aluminum toxicity mimic those of Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis ("thinning" of the bones). Colic (excessive crying in infants), digestive problems, interference with the metabolism of calcium, extreme nervousness, anemia, headaches, decreased liver and kidney function, memory loss, speech problems, and aching muscles can all be caused by aluminum toxicity.
Aluminum is excreted by the kidneys, therefore toxic amounts can impair kidney function. Aluminum can also accumulate in the brain causing seizures and reduced mental alertness.
Arsenic poisoning
The first sensations of arsenic poisoning include a metallic taste in the mouth, excessive saliva production, and problems swallowing. The next stage is to suffer vomiting and diarrhea coupled with garlic-like breath, stomach cramps, and excessive sweating. As the poison's effects progress, the patient will suffer seizures and go into shock, dying within a few hours. If death does not occur at this stage, it will happen after a few days when the kidney fails.
Lead poisoning
: There are many different health effects associated with elevated blood lead levels. Young children under the age of six are especially vulnerable to lead's harmful health effects, because their brains and central nervous system are still being formed. For them, even very low levels of exposure can result in reduced IQ, learning disabilities, attention deficit disorders, behavioral problems, stunted growth, impaired hearing, and kidney damage. At high levels of exposure, a child may become mentally retarded, fall into a coma, and even die from lead poisoning.
Mercury poisoning
: Mercury poisoning is the negative effects on human's nervous system and other bodily systems due to the over-exposure of mercury. Today, people are more aware of the dangers of mercury and many of its uses have been discontinued. However, mercury exposure is still an occupational hazard for people in many industries and mercury is present in the environment around us. There is also the risk of exposure due to a thermometer breaking or mercury leaking out of a thermostat or any number of mercury-containing devices. If mercury vapor is inhaled, as much as 80% may enter the bloodstream.
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Early symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning such as headaches, nausea, and fatigue, are often mistaken for the flu because the deadly gas goes undetected in a home. Prolonged exposure can lead to brain damage and even death.
Radon poisoning
No immediate symptoms of radon poisoning are present. Radon exposure contributes to 7,000-30,000 lung cancer deaths each year. Smokers are at higher risk of developing radon-induced lung cancer.
Other chemical poisoning
Chronic exposure is chemical poisoning that occurs slowly and insidiously over a prolonged period of time. Many chronic, degenerative diseases have been linked to environmental pollution or poisoning. The list may include cancer, memory loss, allergies, multiple chemical sensitivity, chronic fatigue syndrome, infertility in adults, learning and behavioral disorders, developmental abnormalities, and birth defects in children.
Drug poisoning
The effects vary depending on the type of drug and how it is taken. When the individual calls the emergency services, give as much information as possible. While waiting for help to arrive, look for containers that might help the individual to identify the drug.
Drugs that can cause poisoning and toxicity include: painkillers such as aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol®), or opiates (such as morphine); nervous system depressants and tranquillizers including barbiturates and benzodiazepines; stimulants and hallucinogens (such as lysergic acid diethylamide or LSD); amphetamines; and chemotherapeutic medications such as anthracycline chemotherapy drugs, including doxorubicin (Adriamycin®). Doxorubicin use may lead to heart toxicity. Bleomycin (Blenoxane®) use may lead to lung damage. Nerve toxicity may occur as a result of chemotherapy use. Lithium may cause thyroid and kidney toxicity. Methotrexate (Rheumatrex®) and lometrexol toxicity both may cause folic acid to be depleted from the body. Cyclosporine (Sandimmune®) may cause kidney toxicity in organ transplant patients.
Acute Poisoning
In many cases, the identity of the poison is known to the patient or the parents of the affected child. If a poisoning is suspected, the individual or a caretaker should immediately call a local Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222) for advice. If instructed by the Poison Control Center to get medical help, the individual or their caretaker should bring a sample of the poison to the doctor's office or emergency room. Emergency 911 should be called if the individual or child is in immediate danger.
Chronic Poisoning
Chronic environmental poisoning is more difficult to diagnose. To find out if environmental pollution is causing a person to be sick, a doctor will conduct a thorough physical exam of the patient. The doctor also obtains a thorough medical history with detailed information concerning the food and water sources, as well as the nature of the person's work or the place where they live. Lab tests may include blood and urine tests and hair sample analysis. In addition, liver and kidney function tests are also conducted to see if these organs are affected. The doctor also inquires about other diseases the patient may have developed recently.
For acute poisoning, 911 or a local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) should be called immediately. The toll-free number is a national hotline launched nationwide in 2002 by the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) to provide 24-hour poison treatment and prevention services. If a child is suspected of eating or drinking hazardous chemicals, parents should look for the container and call for instructions. Patients or parents of the poisoned child should wait for instructions before administering anything by mouth. Treatment of a particular poison depends on the identity of the poison and how the poison was absorbed into the body.
Inhaled poisons
: Treatment of inhaled poison includes bringing the individual out and away from the area contaminated with poisonous gas. The individual should be given oxygen and other respiratory support as necessary.
Skin and eye contamination
: If an individual's skin comes into contact with toxic chemicals, the contaminated clothing should be removed, the chemical carefully brushed off the skin, and the body flushed with running water to dilute the poison. The wounds, if any, should be covered with sterile gauze or cloth. If serious, the person will usually be transferred to the hospital for the treatment of a chemical burn. If toxic or caustic chemicals get in the eyes, the affected person should remove glasses or any contact lenses from the eyes immediately, rinse the eyes well with clean water or normal saline solution, and go to the emergency room for further treatment or observation.
Ingested poisons
: Depending on the specific type of ingested poisons, syrup of ipecac, activated charcoal, and/or pumping the contents of the stomach out can be used.
Formerly, it was recommended to keep a bottle of syrup of ipecac on hand in order to induce vomiting in case of poisoning. Recent research, however, shows no benefit from this practice. In addition, the research shows that the medicine is not always administered properly.
Activated charcoal is also an effective treatment for many chemical poisons. It can absorb poisons quickly and in large amounts. In addition, it is nontoxic, may be stored for a long time, and can be conveniently given at home. Charcoal works by binding to irritating or toxic substances in the stomach and intestines. This prevents the toxic drug or chemical from spreading throughout the body. The toxic drug or chemical and the activated charcoal will be excreted in the stools without harming the body.
Charcoal should not be used to treat poisoning caused by corrosive products, such as lye or other strong acids, or petroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosene, or cleaning fluids. Charcoal may make the condition worse and delay the diagnosis and treatment. In addition, charcoal is also not effective if the poison is lithium, cyanide, iron, ethanol, or methanol.
Gastric lavage may also be used to treat chemical poisoning under certain circumstances. This procedure is done by healthcare professionals in emergency rooms only. Lavage fluids (saline water or water) are given through a large tube down the patient's throat and the stomach contents are pumped out. This procedure is repeated many times until the physician is confident that most of the toxic substance is removed. Then a specific antidote for the chemical or activated charcoal can be given to absorb the rest. Sometimes, antidotes are available to neutralize poison and render it harmless. The following are some of the common antidotes: naloxone (Narcan®) - used for opiate (including morphine, methadone or heroin) overdose; atropine - used for organophosphate (insecticide) poisoning; acetylcysteine used for acetaminophen (Tylenol®) toxicity; and Digoxin Immune Fab (Digibind®) used for digoxin toxicity.
Chronic chemical poisoning
Treatment of chronic chemical poisoning involves identifying the poison, eliminating the source of poison from the patient's environment, and symptomatic treatment of the condition. Chelation therapy can be used to remove heavy metals, such as lead, iron, mercury, copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium, beryllium, and arsenic. This treatment uses chelating agents, such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and dimethylsuccinate (DMSA), to bind and precipitate metals and remove them from the body.
Integrative therapies
: Poisoning is considered a medical emergency. Individuals who have been poisoned should contact a poison control center immediately and consult with their healthcare provider.
Strong scientific evidence
: Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body and has several important functions. More than 99% of total body calcium is stored in the bones and teeth where it supports the structure. The remaining 1% is found throughout the body in blood, muscle, and the intracellular fluid. Calcium is needed for muscle contraction, blood vessel constriction and relaxation, the secretion of hormones and enzymes, and nervous system signaling. A constant level of calcium is maintained in body fluid and tissues so that these vital body processes function efficiently. Hyperphosphatemia (high phosphate level in the blood) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in adult dialysis patients. Calcium carbonate or acetate can be used effectively as phosphate binders. Use may increase calcium-phosphate products in blood. Treatment of high blood phosphorous levels should only be done under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.
Calcium gluconate is used in the treatment of hypermagnesemia (high magnesium level in the blood). Case studies suggest intravenous calcium can aid in the improvement of symptoms. Treatment of magnesium toxicity should only be done under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.
Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to calcium or lactose. High doses taken by mouth may cause kidney stones. Avoid with high levels of calcium in the blood, high levels of calcium in urine, high levels of parathyroid hormone, bone tumors, digitalis toxicity, ventricular fibrillation, kidney stones, kidney disease, or sarcoidosis (inflammation of lymph nodes and various other tissues). Calcium supplements made from dolomite, oyster shells, or bone meal may contain unacceptable levels of lead. Use cautiously with achlorhydria (absence of hydrochloric acid in gastric juices) or irregular heartbeat. Calcium appears to be safe during pregnant or breastfeeding women; talk to a healthcare provider to determine appropriate dosing during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Good scientific evidence
: Calcium gluconate may aid in antagonizing the cardiac toxicity and arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) associated with hyperkalemia (high potassium level in the blood), provided the patient is not receiving digitalis drug therapy. Treatment of hyperkalemia should only be done under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.
Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to calcium or lactose. High doses taken by mouth may cause kidney stones. Avoid with high levels of calcium in the blood, high levels of calcium in urine, high levels of parathyroid hormone, bone tumors, digitalis toxicity, ventricular fibrillation, kidney stones, kidney disease, or sarcoidosis (inflammation of lymph nodes and various other tissues). Calcium supplements made from dolomite, oyster shells, or bone meal may contain unacceptable levels of lead. Use cautiously with achlorhydria (absence of hydrochloric acid in gastric juices) or irregular heartbeat. Calcium appears to be safe during pregnant or breastfeeding women; talk to a healthcare provider to determine appropriate dosing during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
: EDTA chelation became well known during the 1950s, when it was proposed as a method to cleanse the blood and blood vessel walls of toxins and minerals. For many years, chelation therapy has been used with calcium disodium EDTA to treat heavy metal toxicity. It is still an accepted medical therapy for lead toxicity, and several studies report lower levels of lead in the blood and slower progression of kidney failure. Chelation therapy may also be used to treat iron, arsenic, mercury, or cobalt poisoning. However, some research results are mixed. More studies are needed to clarify.
Avoid in patients taking anticoagulants or antiplatelets. Avoid during root canal therapy. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
Unclear or conflicting scientific evidence
: A chelating treatment of calcium has been suggested to reduce blood levels of lead in cases of lead toxicity. Reduced symptoms have been observed in most, but not all, patient case reports and case histories. Adequate calcium intake appears to be protective against lead toxicity. Treatment of lead toxicity should only be done under supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.
Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to calcium or lactose. High doses taken by mouth may cause kidney stones. Avoid with high levels of calcium in the blood, high levels of calcium in urine, high levels of parathyroid hormone, bone tumors, digitalis toxicity, ventricular fibrillation, kidney stones, kidney disease, or sarcoidosis (inflammation of lymph nodes and various other tissues). Calcium supplements made from dolomite, oyster shells, or bone meal may contain unacceptable levels of lead. Use cautiously with achlorhydria (absence of hydrochloric acid in gastric juices) or irregular heartbeat. Calcium appears to be safe during pregnant or breastfeeding women; talk to a healthcare provider to determine appropriate dosing during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
: Chlorophyll is a chemoprotein commonly known for its contribution to the green pigmentation in plants, and is related to protoheme, the red pigment of blood. It can be obtained from green leafy vegetables (broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, lettuce, and spinach), algae (
), wheat grass, and numerous herbs (alfalfa, damiana, nettle, and parsley). Yusho poisoning is caused by ingestion of rice oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls, specifically polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). A chlorophyll-rich diet may increase PCDF and PCB elimination, but further high quality research is needed.
Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to chlorophyll or any of its metabolites. Use cautiously with photosensitivity, compromised liver function, diabetes, or gastrointestinal conditions or obstructions. Use cautiously if taking immunosuppressants or antidiabetes agents. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
: Clay lozenges have been used historically in the treatment of mercuric chloride poisoning and were officially mentioned in several European pharmacopoeias, including the Royal College, until the middle 19th Century. However, there is not enough scientific evidence to recommend the use of clay by mouth for mercuric chloride poisoning at this time, as there is a risk of clay itself containing contaminants.
There is a lack of reports of allergy to clay in the available scientific literature. However, in theory, allergy/hypersensitivity to clay, clay products, or constituents of clay may occur. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
Folate (folic acid)
: Folate and folic acid are forms of a water-soluble B vitamin. Folate occurs naturally in food, and folic acid is the synthetic form of this vitamin. Folate may lower blood arsenic concentrations and thereby contribute to the prevention of arsenic poisoning. Additional research is needed in this area.
Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to folate or any folate product ingredients. Use cautiously if receiving coronary stents or with anemia or seizure disorders. It is recommended that pregnant women consume 400 micrograms of folate daily in order to reduce the risk of fetal defects. Folate is likely safe if breastfeeding.
: Iron deficiency may increase the risk of lead poisoning in children. However, the use of iron supplementation in lead poisoning should be reserved for those individuals who are truly iron deficient or for those individuals with continuing lead exposure, such as continued residence in lead-exposed housing.
Iron is a trace mineral, and hypersensitivity is unlikely. Avoid with known allergy/hypersensitivity to products containing iron. Avoid excessive intake. Avoid iron supplements with blood disorders that require frequent blood transfusions. Use iron supplements cautiously with a history of kidney disease, intestinal disease, peptic ulcer disease, enteritis, colitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, alcoholism, or with a history of heart disease. Use cautiously in those who plan to become pregnant, or in those older than age 55. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult their healthcare professionals before beginning iron supplementation.
: Reishi mushroom (
Ganoderma lucidum
), also known as
ling zhi
in China, grows wild on decaying logs and tree stumps. Reishi occurs in six different colors, but the red variety is most commonly used and commercially cultivated in East Asia and North America.
Ganoderma lucidum
has shown a beneficial effect in treating
Russula subnigricans
(RSP) poisoning in limited study. Further well-designed clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.
Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to any constituents of
Ganoderma lucidum
or any member of its family. Use cautiously with diabetes, blood disorders (including hemophilia), low blood pressure, or ulcers. Reishi is likely safe when consumed in amounts generally found in foods in non-allergic pregnant or breastfeeding women.
: Based on preliminary study, safflower (
Carthamus tinctorius
) oil may effectively remit the symptoms of neurotoxicity from lithium. However, more studies are needed to better understand safflower's effect on lithium toxicity.
Avoid if allergic/hypersensitive to safflower, safflower oil, daisies, ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, or any related constituents. Use parenteral safflower oil emulsions cautiously in newborns. Use cautiously if taking anticoagulants (blood thinners) or anti-platelet drugs, immunodepressants or pentobarbital. Use cautiously with diabetes, low blood pressure, liver problems, bleeding disorders, or skin pigmentation conditions. Use cautiously if pregnant or breastfeeding.
: The term spirulina refers to a large number of cyanobacteria or blue-green algae. Spirulina extract plus zinc may be useful for the treatment of arsenic poisoning. Additional research is needed to confirm early study findings.
Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to spirulina or blue-green algae. Use cautiously with phenylketonuria, autoimmune diseases, bleeding disorders, diabetes, osteoporosis or if taking products containing the blue-green algae species
spp., and
spp. Use cautiously in underweight patients or in those taking antiobesity agents or appetite suppressants. Use cautiously if consuming a high-protein diet. Avoid in children and pregnant or breastfeeding women.
: Limited available study has shown that a combination of spirulina extract plus zinc may be useful for the treatment of chronic arsenic poisoning with melanosis and keratosis. More research is needed to confirm the effects of zinc alone.
Zinc is generally considered safe when taken at the recommended dosages. Avoid zinc chloride because evidence of safety and effectiveness are currently lacking. Avoid with kidney disease. Use cautiously if pregnant or breastfeeding.
Traditional or theoretical uses lacking sufficient evidence
: Copper is a mineral that occurs naturally in many foods, including vegetables, legumes, nuts, grains, fruits, shellfish, avocado, beef, and animal organs, (e.g. liver and kidney). Although copper has been suggested as a potential treatment for pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity and may theoretically decrease cadmium absorption, reliable studies are currently lacking.
Avoid if allergic/hypersensitive to copper. Avoid use of copper supplements during the early phase of recovery from diarrhea. Avoid with hypercupremia, occasionally observed in disease states, including cutaneous leishmaniasis, sickle-cell disease, unipolar depression, breast cancer, epilepsy, measles, Down syndrome, and controlled fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (a unique form of secondary diabetes mellitus). Avoid with genetic disorders affecting copper metabolism such as Wilson's disease, Indian childhood cirrhosis, or idiopathic copper toxicosis. Avoid with HIV/AIDS. Use cautiously with water containing copper concentrations greater than 6mg/L. Use cautiously with anemia, arthralgias, or myalgias. Use cautiously if taking oral contraceptives. Use cautiously if at risk for selenium deficiency. The U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is 1,000 micrograms for pregnant women. The U.S. RDA is 1,300 micrograms for nursing women.
Detoxification therapy
: Detoxification is a broad concept that encompasses many different modalities and substances used in cleansing the body's systems and organs. Many different techniques, including chelation therapy, colonic irrigation, supplementation, herbs, foods, and cleansing diet, hydrotherapy, probiotics, sauna, and exercise, may be used during detoxification therapy. Detoxification therapy has been suggested as a potential treatment for heavy metal toxicity, but research is currently lacking in this area.
In cases of illness the various forms of detoxification should be used under professional guidance.
: Selenium is a mineral found in soil, water, and some foods. Selenium has been proposed as a potential treatment for arsenic poisoning, although reliable evidence is currently lacking in this area.
Avoid if allergic or sensitive to products containing selenium. Avoid with a history of non-melanoma skin cancer. Selenium is generally regarded as safe for pregnant or breastfeeding women. However, animal research reports that large doses of selenium may lead to birth defects.
Avoid eating contaminated fish, especially fish that comes from known contaminated areas or a lot of big fish, such as shark, swordfish, or tuna, which tend to contain higher amounts of mercury than smaller fish. According to healthcare professionals, pregnant women should not consume more than seven ounces of tuna per week. Mercury can cause brain damage in the developing fetus. It is best to avoid eating shark, swordfish, king mackerel, or tilefish because they contain high levels of toxins.
Paint may contain lead and cadmium that can harm a developing fetus and cause learning disabilities in small children. It is important not to paint or remodel a home while pregnant or when the children are still small. If the individual lives in a home built before 1960, it is very likely that it contains some lead paint. Homes built between 1960 and 1978 may also contain lead paint, but are very unlikely to do so. In 1978, the Consumer Product Safety Commission finally issued its ban against lead-based paint. If an individual lives in a home built before 1978 that also has been allowed to deteriorate for a few years, lead-contaminated dust may be a problem. To find out if a home contains lead paint or a lead-based paint hazard, hire a professional.
Limiting use of chemicals inside the house as much as possible and instead using natural alternatives, such as baking soda (as cleaner, deodorizer), distilled white vinegar (as cleaner), essential oils (as fragrances), lemon juice (as cleaner), and liquid soaps (as detergents) is important.
Ventilation inside the home may be increased with the use of fans if toxic fumes are present.
Radon and carbon monoxide testing kits are commercially available for the home or office. They may be purchased at a local home store.
Consider installing tile or wood floors in new homes instead of new carpet. Have the house tested for radon.
Avoiding toxic chemical exposure as much as possible if pregnant is important.
Healthcare professionals recommend keeping all medications, petroleum products, and cleaning products locked and away from small children as well as installing child-proof locks or gates to prevent children from finding poisons.
Avoiding mixing up household cleaning products is important. Nontoxic chemicals when mixed together can release toxic gases or cause explosion (such as Clorox® and ammonia).
Keeping all chemicals in original containers, properly identified and stored away from foods is important, as is disposing all hazardous chemicals properly according to the manufacturer's instructions.
It is best to use stainless steel, glass, or iron cookware to avoid aluminum poisoning. Stainless steel is the best choice.
Author information
This information has been edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com).
American Academy of Family Physicians. .
American Academy of Pediatrics. .
American Association of Poison Control Centers. .
Flora SJ, Flora G, Saxena G, et al. Arsenic and lead induced free radical generation and their reversibility following chelation. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2007;53(1):26-47.
Miranda ML, Kim D, Galeano MA, et al. The relationship between early childhood blood lead levels and performance on end-of-grade tests. Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Aug;115(8):1242-7.
National Association of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. .
National Institutes of Health. .
Natural Standard: The Authority on Integrative Medicine. .
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. .
Park S, Johnson MA. Awareness of fish advisories and mercury exposure in women of childbearing age. Nutr Rev. 2006;64(5 Pt 1):250-6.
Ronchetti R, Zuurbier M, Jesenak M, et al. Children's health and mercury exposure. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 2006;95(453):36-44.
Tripathi SK, Pandey SK. The effect of aluminium phosphide on the human brain: a histological study. Med Sci Law. 2007;47(2):141-6.
Causes and risk factors
Risk factors for poisoning are factors that do not seem to be a direct cause of the disease, but seem to be associated in some way. Having a risk factor for poisoning makes the chances of getting a condition higher, but does not always lead to poisoning. Also, the absence of any risk factors or having a protective factor does not necessarily guard against being poisoned.
Types of poisonings and toxicities
Food poisoning
Food poisoning is a common and sometimes life-threatening problem for millions of people around the world. Individuals infected with bacteria growing in contaminated food may be symptom-free or may have symptoms ranging from mild digestive discomfort to severe dehydration and bloody diarrhea. Depending on the type of infection, people can even die as a result of food poisoning.
Food poisoning tends to occur at picnics, school cafeterias, and large social functions. These are situations where food may be left un-refrigerated too long or food preparation techniques are not clean. Food poisoning often occurs from undercooked meats, shellfish, vegetables (contaminated with
) or dairy products (such as mayonnaise mixed in coleslaw or potato salad) that have been out too long.
Typical symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea that come on suddenly (within 48 hours) of consuming a contaminated food or drink. Depending on the contaminant, fever and chills, bloody stools, dehydration, and nervous system damage may follow. These symptoms may affect one person or a group of people who ate the same thing (called an outbreak).
More than 250 different diseases can cause food poisoning. The most common diseases are infections caused by bacteria, such as
, and botulism.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that in the United States alone, food poisoning causes about 76 million illnesses, more than 300,000 hospitalizations, and up to 5,000 deaths each year. Food poisoning affects between 60-80 million people worldwide each year and results in approximately six to eight million deaths.
Worldwide, diarrhea-related illnesses caused by food and water poisoning are among the leading causes of death. Travelers to developing countries often encounter food poisoning in the form of traveler's diarrhea. Traveler's diarrhea typically develops after ingesting food or water that is contaminated with organisms from feces. These organisms are infectious agents, including various bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The most common cause of traveler's diarrhea is enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
(ETEC) bacteria.
Food poisoning can affect one person or it can occur as an outbreak in a group of people who all ate the same contaminated food.
Infants and elderly people have the greatest risk for food poisoning. Individuals are also at higher risk if they have a serious medical condition, such as kidney disease or diabetes, a weakened immune system, or they travel outside of the United States to areas where there is more exposure to organisms that cause food poisoning. Pregnant and breastfeeding women need to be especially careful.
Heavy metal poisoning
Aluminum poisoning
: Even though aluminum is not considered to be a heavy metal like lead, it can be toxic to the brain and nervous systems.
It is estimated that the normal person takes in between three and ten milligrams of aluminum per day. Aluminum is the most abundant metallic element produced by the earth. It can be absorbed into the body through the digestive tract, the lungs, and the skin. Aluminum can accumulate in the body's tissues. Aluminum is found naturally in the air, water, and soil. It is also used in the process of making cooking pots and pans, utensils, and foil. Other items, such as over-the-counter pain killers, anti-inflammatory products, and douche preparations, can also contain aluminum. Aluminum is an additive in most baking powders, is used in food processing, and is present in antiperspirants, toothpaste, dental amalgams, bleached flour, grated cheese, table salt, and beer (especially when the beer is in aluminum cans). The biggest source of aluminum, however, comes from municipal water supplies.
Excessive use of antacids is also a common cause of aluminum toxicity, especially for those who have kidney problems. Many over the counter type antacids contain amounts of aluminum hydroxide that may be too much for diseased kidneys to handle properly.
Arsenic poisoning
: Arsenic is a semi-metallic naturally-occurring chemical. Arsenic is in the environment and all individuals are all exposed to small doses on a regular basis. Arsenic poisoning is difficult to detect as it is generally odorless and flavorless, meaning people have little idea when it is around.
Arsenic can kill humans quickly if consumed in large amounts, although small, long-term exposure can lead to a much slower death or other illness. Studies have linked prolonged exposure to arsenic with cancer, diabetes, thickening of the skin, liver disease, and problems with the digestive system. It has also been associated with nervous system disorders (feeling tingling or losing sensation in the limbs) and hearing difficulties.
Lead poisoning
: Lead is a highly toxic substance. Lead exposure can produce a wide range of adverse health effects. Both adults and children can suffer from the effects of lead poisoning, but childhood lead poisoning is much more frequent. Over the many years since it has been known about the hazards of lead, tens of millions of children have suffered its health effects. There are estimates that more than 400,000 children under the age of six in the United States have too much lead in their blood (approximately 1.6% of the U.S. population).
In children, virtually no organ system is immune to the effects of lead poisoning. Perhaps the organ of most concern is the developing brain. Effects of lead on the brain appear to continue into the teenaged years and beyond.
Humans can be exposed to lead through deteriorating paint, household dust, bare soil, air, drinking water, food, ceramics, home remedies, hair dyes, and other cosmetics. Much of this lead is too small to be seen by the naked eye. More often than not, children with elevated blood lead levels are exposed to lead in their own home.
By far the biggest source of concern is the lead paint that is found in older houses. Until 1978, lead paint was commonly used on the interiors and exteriors of homes in the United States. While lead paint that is in intact does not pose an immediate concern, lead paint that is allowed to deteriorate creates a lead-based paint hazard. Lead-based paint can contaminate household dust as well as bare soil around the house, where children may play. A child who comes into contact, usually via hand to mouth, with lead-contaminated dust or soil is easily poisoned. The amount of lead dust equivalent to a single grain of salt for a child can register an elevated blood lead level.
Another way to become exposed to lead is leaded gasoline. Leaded gasoline is now banned in the United States, but may still be around. Leaded gasoline has been deposited into soil. The lead produced by vehicle emissions continues even today to present a hazard, as much of that lead now remains in soil where it was deposited over the years, especially near well-traveled roads and highways. Children who play in dirt contaminated by lead (whether that lead is from gasoline emissions or from deteriorated house paint) can end up with lead-contaminated soil under their fingernails or on their toys or they can track it into their homes. Even pets can come into contact with lead-contaminated soil and cause human exposure to lead. Elevated blood lead levels can easily result from these exposures.
Drinking water can also sometimes contribute to elevated blood lead levels. Lead can leach into drinking water from certain types of plumbing materials (lead pipes, copper pipes with lead solder, and brass faucets). While water is usually not the primary source of exposure to lead for children with elevated blood lead levels, it is nevertheless important to note that formula-fed infants are at an increased risk of lead poisoning if their formula is made with lead-contaminated water. Healthcare professionals recommend testing water for heavy metal contamination at a local health department if the individual has well water or lead pipes.
In adults, lead can increase blood pressure and cause fertility problems, nerve disorders, muscle and joint pain, irritability, and memory or concentration problems. It takes a significantly greater level of exposure to lead for adults than it does for children to sustain adverse health effects. Most adults who are lead poisoned get exposed to lead at work. Occupations related to house painting, welding, renovation and remodeling activities, firing ranges, the manufacture and disposal of car batteries, and the maintenance and repair of bridges and water towers are at an increased risk for lead exposure. Workers in these occupations must also take care not to leave their work site with potentially contaminated clothing, tools, and facial hair, or with unwashed hands. Lead may be spread by contact to family vehicles and ultimately to other family members.
When a pregnant woman has an elevated blood lead level, that lead can easily be transferred to the fetus, as lead crosses the placenta. In fact, pregnancy itself can cause lead to be released from the bone. Lead may be stored in the bone for decades after it first enters the blood stream. Once the lead is released from the mother's bones, it re-enters the blood stream and can end up in the fetus, causing it to be born with an elevated blood level of lead.
Exposure to lead is estimated by measuring levels of lead in the blood (in micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has set a level of concern for lead in children at 10 micrograms per deciliter. At this level, it is generally accepted that adverse health effects can begin to set in.
Mercury poisoning
: Mercury is a neurotoxin, meaning it affects the nervous system. Mercury exposure may lead to excessive mercury levels in the body that can permanently damage or fatally injure the brain and kidneys. Mercury can also be absorbed through the skin and cause allergic reactions. Health problems caused by mercury depend on how much has entered the body, how it entered the body, how long the individual has been exposed to it, and how the individual's body responds to the mercury. People are at risk when they consume mercury-contaminated fish and when they are exposed to spilled mercury.
Mercury vapor is easily transported in the atmosphere, deposited on land and water, and then, in part, released again to the atmosphere. Trace amounts of mercury are dispersed in bodies of water, where bacteria can cause chemical changes that transform mercury to methyl mercury, a more toxic form. Exposures to mercury can result in neurological damage and even death.
For fetuses, infants, and children, the primary health effects of mercury are on nerve development. Even low levels of mercury exposure, such as may be the result of a mother's consumption of methylmercury in dietary sources (such as fish), may negatively affect the brain and nervous system. Impacts on memory, attention, language, and other skills have been found in children exposed to moderate levels in the womb.
Mercury pollution is released into the air from the burning of fossil fuels. It falls down directly onto waterways or is deposited on land where it can be washed into the water. Bacteria in the water cause chemical changes that transform mercury into methylmercury.
Fish absorb methylmercury from water as it passes over their gills and as they feed on aquatic organisms. Larger predator fish, such as swordfish and tuna, are exposed to higher levels of methylmercury from their prey. Methylmercury binds tightly to the proteins in fish tissue, including muscle. Cooking does not significantly reduce the methylmercury content of the fish.
Nearly all fish contain trace amounts of methyl mercury, some more than others. In areas where there is industrial mercury pollution, the levels in the fish can be quite elevated. In general, however, methylmercury levels for most fish range from less than 0.01-0.5 parts per million (ppm). It is only in a few species of fish that methylmercury levels reach the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limit for human consumption of 1 part per million. This most frequently occurs in some large predator fish, such as shark, tuna, and swordfish. Certain species of very large tuna, typically sold as fresh steaks or sushi, can have levels over 1 parts per million. Canned tuna, composed of smaller species of tuna such as skipjack and albacore, has much lower levels of methylmercury, averaging only about 0.17 parts per million. The average concentration of methylmercury for commercially important species (mostly marine in origin) is less than 0.3 parts per million.
The FDA works with state regulators when commercial fish, caught and sold locally, are found to contain methylmercury levels exceeding 1 parts per million. The agency also checks imported fish at ports and refuses entry if methyl mercury levels exceed the FDA limit.
Spot-caught predator fresh-water species like pike and walleye sometimes have methylmercury levels in the 1 part per million range. Other fresh-water species also have elevated levels, particularly in areas where mercury levels in the local environment are elevated.
The FDA suggests sports fishers check with state or local governments for advisories about water bodies or fish species. These advisories provide up-to-date public health information on local areas and warn of areas or species where mercury (or other contamination) is of concern.
According to healthcare professionals, pregnant women should not consume more than seven ounces of tuna per week.
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide (or CO) is a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning material containing carbon. Carbon monoxide poisoning can cause brain damage and death. Carbon monoxide cannot be sensed or smelled, but it can kill.
Carbon monoxide is the leading cause of accidental poisoning deaths in America. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that carbon monoxide poisoning claims about 500 lives, and causes more than 15,000 visits to hospital emergency departments annually.
Carbon monoxide is produced by common household appliances. When not properly ventilated, carbon monoxide emitted by these appliances can build up. Common causes of CO emission include: gas water heaters; kerosene space heaters; charcoal grills; propane heaters and stoves; gasoline and diesel powered generators; cigarette smoke; gasoline powered concrete saws; indoor tractor pulls; any boat with an engine; and spray paint, solvents, degreasers, and paint removers.
Radon poisoning
Radon is a naturally occurring, odorless, and colorless gas produced by the breakdown of uranium in soil, rock, and water. Because radon is a gas, it can enter buildings through openings or cracks in the foundation. The radon gas itself decays into radioactive solids, called radon daughters. The radon daughters attach to dust particles in the air, and can be inhaled. The inhalation of radon daughters has been linked to lung cancer. Radon exposure generally occurs in the home or workplace.
Other chemical poisoning
Chemical poisoning is a major public health concern. In 2000, an estimated 95% of all accidental or intentional poisonings were due to chemicals. Nearly 90% of these cases occurred at home. The smallest children, infants and toddlers, are at the highest risk for accidental (acute) poisoning.
There are millions of natural and synthetic chemicals in the world. Approximately 3,000 of them are known to cause significant health problems. Accidental chemical poisoning involving common household or garden products is easy to diagnose and treat, as long as it is recognized early enough. Poisoning due to daily exposure to chemicals is more difficult to diagnose and the extent of damage is more difficult to assess. Toxic chemicals can be found everywhere, such as in the home, yard, at work, on the playground, and even in foods and drinking water. Some chemical poisonings result from illegal dumping. However, many chemical poisonings occur insidiously by the supposedly harmless chemicals that individuals bring into their homes or office to make their lives more comfortable.
Household poisons include trichloroethane (spray cans, insulation, spot removers); tetrachloroethylene (dry-cleaning solutions); formaldehyde (glue, foam, preservatives, plywood, fabrics, insulation); para-dichlorobenzene (P-DCB) (mothballs, air fresheners); toluene (solvents, cleaning fluids, wood finishing products); benzene (gasoline); xylene (paints, finishing products); acetone (nail polish removers); styrene (foam, carpets, adhesives); and carbon tetrachloride (dry cleaning solutions, paint removers).
Carpet contains many chemicals capable of causing nerve damage. These chemicals are toxic to the nervous system and include acetone, benzene, toluene, phenol, xylene, decane, and hexane. Exposure can occur to the fumes released from the carpet, or walking barefoot on the carpet.
Neurotoxic (nerve toxic) chemicals commonly found in household cleaners include: chlorine (dishwasher detergents); ammonia (antibacterial cleaning agents); and petroleum (dish soaps, laundry detergents, floor waxes).
Yard materials that can be toxic to humans and pets include: insecticides, including chlordane, lindane, toxaphene, malathion, diazinon, and nicotine.
Rodenticides (chemicals that kill mice or rats) often contain very toxic chemicals, such as sodium fluoroacetate, phosphorus, thallium, barium, strychnine, methyl bromide, and cyanides.
Workers are often exposed to the toxic effects of various chemicals in their working environment, for example: polluted air, including workers in poorly ventilated plants which manufacture paints, insecticides, fungicides, and pesticides; radiation, including workers in poorly constructed nuclear chemical plants; contaminated environment, including miners who labor underground; obnoxious fumes, including firefighters; and skin contact with toxic chemicals, including crop pickers being accidentally sprayed with insecticides.
Highly processed or prepackaged foods that use various chemical additives to make foods look more attractive, taste better, or store for longer periods of time can be harmful. Harmful substances that can be found in foods include: monosodium glutamate (MSG), a common flavoring agent. Excessive consumption of MSG may cause hyperactivity, memory loss, or other types of brain damage. It is often associated with the so-called "Chinese restaurant syndrome" characterized by headaches, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, and flushing of skin, due to the MSG content in the food; artificial sweeteners, such as aspartame or saccharin. These sweeteners can cause a variety of health problems, including headaches (migraines included), dizziness, seizures, depression, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps. Their use may be associated with hyperactivity in children. Whether or not they may increase the risk of cancer is unknown at this time. Pregnant women should definitely avoid using these sweeteners. Color additives can be found in a variety of foods including cereals, juices, candy, frozen foods, ice cream, cookies, pizza, salad dressings and soft drinks. Children and adults alike may be exposed to cancer-causing artificial colors such as Red numbers eight, nine, 19, and 37 or Orange number 17. Many of the preservatives found in foods are very hazardous. Nitrates, common preservatives in cured and luncheon meats and canned products, are known to cause cancer. In addition, a pregnant woman who consumes large amounts of nitrates (for example, through eating hot dogs or salami) may increase the risk of brain damage in her unborn child. Synthetic antioxidants are used in prepackaged foods to prevent food spoilage. Common synthetic antioxidants, such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), can be found in cereals, baking mixes, or instant potatoes. These products are known to cause brain, liver, and kidney damage, as well as respiratory problems. Fruits and vegetables are healthy foods. However, they may contain dangerous herbicide and pesticide residues on the surface. Fish in contaminated lakes or rivers may contain mercury, dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), or other polluted chemicals. Babies of mothers who ate contaminated fish during pregnancy have lower birth weight, smaller heads, developmental delays, and lower scores on tests of baby intelligence.
Air pollution can cause or worsen lung or heart diseases and increase the risk of cancer. Chemicals that most often cause pollution in the air and water supply include asbestos, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, lead, nitrogen oxides, halogenated hydrocarbons, and pesticides. Women exposed to high levels of air pollution, especially caused by vehicles, during the second month of pregnancy may be more likely to have children with heart-related birth defects.
Drug poisoning
Poisoning can result from an overdose of prescribed drugs such as chemotherapy, digoxin, or lithium, or over-the-counter (OTC) medications, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol®) or aspirin. Drug poisoning can also be caused by drug abuse or drug interactions; however, not all drug interactions are poisonings.
Electrolytes are chemicals normally found in the body, such as potassium and magnesium. However, these electrolytes may also cause toxicity. Hypermagnesemia is a rare electrolyte abnormality in which the kidneys do not get rid of enough magnesium, causing a buildup of the electrolyte. Too much magnesium in the body can cause neurological, heart, and muscle damage. Hyperkalemia is too much potassium in the body. Hyperkalemia can cause a heart attack and death. Too much potassium and too much magnesium in the body can be caused by health conditions, such as kidney disease, or by taking too much of the electrolytes either as a dietary supplement or as a prescribed medication.
Alcohol poisoning
Alcohol poisoning is a serious and sometimes deadly result of consuming dangerous amounts of alcohol. When the body absorbs too much alcohol, it can directly impact the central nervous system, slowing breathing, heart rate, and the gag reflex. This process can lead to choking, coma, and even death.
Alcohol poisoning most often occurs as a result of drinking too many alcoholic beverages over a short period of time. Binge drinking is a common cause of alcohol poisoning. Alcohol poisoning can also occur by drinking household products that contain ethyl alcohol (ethanol), or by ingesting isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol) or methyl alcohol (methanol; sometimes commonly referred to as wood alcohol).
An individual with alcohol poisoning needs immediate medical attention and should not be left alone. If alcohol poisoning is suspected, it is recommended by healthcare professionals to call the local poison control center or emergency number (911) immediately.
Other poisoning
Other types of poisonings include snakebites, insect bites (including bees and spiders), plant poisoning (such as
Digitalis sp
.), and mushroom poisoning (such as
Amanita muscaria
Russula subnigricans
Copyright © 2011 Natural Standard (
The information in this monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and is meant to help users better understand health concerns. Information is based on review of scientific research data, historical practice patterns, and clinical experience. This information should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Users should consult with a qualified healthcare provider for specific questions regarding therapies, diagnosis and/or health conditions, prior to making therapeutic decisions.
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Hybrid Cloud
Reduce complexity to unleash speed
Combining cloud with on-premises IT brings unparalleled flexibility and scalability to your business. But the resulting hybrid cloud environment introduces complexity that can impact productivity. HPE software-defined and cloud solutions reduce operational friction, offering a cloud-like experience across your entire infrastructure. With software-enabled automation and simplified hybrid cloud management to streamline and speed operations, you can focus on new projects that deliver a competitive edge.
On-premises infrastructure
Simplify your on-premises infrastructure environment by bringing a cloud experience to your data centre.
Multi-cloud management
Reduce the friction caused by multiple siloed clouds with a unified view of all of your clouds in one place.
The future of hybrid IT made simple
IDC: The winners will be the businesses that can embrace challenges head-on and transform themselves for the market forces that beckon them.
Create a software-defined environment within your data centre to accelerate application development and deployment, reduce costs and streamline IT operations.
Improve operational efficiency and achieve your digital transformation objectives with a comprehensive, unified, multi-cloud management solution.
Increase agility and control costs with an Azure hybrid cloud that provides a cohesive, simplified experience for development, management and security.
HPE OneSphere
An end-to-end, multi-cloud management platform that enables you to deploy, operate, and optimise hybrid IT environments and workloads.
HPE OneView
Infrastructure management software that eliminates manual processes, spurs IT collaboration, and increases the speed and flexibility of IT service delivery.
HPE Synergy
A composable infrastructure platform that accelerates application delivery in both traditional and new IT environments.
HPE SimpliVity
An enterprise-grade hyperconverged platform that combines IT infrastructure and advanced data services to streamline and enable IT operations at a fraction of the cost of traditional and public cloud solutions.
HPE ProLiant for Microsoft Azure Stack
An integrated HPE and Microsoft Azure hybrid cloud solution that allows you to easily move apps between the Azure public cloud and your data centre.
Hybrid cloud partner ecosystem
HPE partners with an extensive ecosystem of innovative organisations to offer powerful tools to support your digital business initiatives.
Success in action
In the business of speed
Simplifying IT infrastructure management
Digital transformation services
Connect with a software-defined and cloud specialist
Our experts will answer your questions and help you to unleash speed and agility.
Analyst Report : IDC: The Future of Hybrid IT Made Simple
Through in-depth interviews of IT operations and LOB staff, IDC provides insight into how enterprises are handling the challenges and opportunities presented by hybrid IT.
Analyst White Paper : The Software-Defined Data Center Comes Of Age
This updated SDDC Forrester report helps infrastructure and operations professionals understand the current state, opportunity and emerging vendor landscape of the SDDC.
Analyst Report : 451 Research: Eight Essentials for Hybrid IT
Do you know what it takes to gain the true advantages of a hybrid IT deployment? This paper identifies eight hybrid IT essentials to help you transform to digital.
Analyst Report : See how Composable can fuel breakthroughs for business
Drive business innovation and performance with composable infrastructure as the backbone of your hybrid IT strategy. Managing infrastructure as code allows to create composite systems at will.
eBook : The Strategic CIO's Playbook
Hybrid IT can help CIOs create the "perfect" IT environment to drive business growth. Blending on-premises systems with cutting-edge platforms can accelerate operations and free time for innovation.
Video : Insights from the front lines of digital transformation
Insights from the front lines of digital transformation
1 "IDC ExpertROI® SPOTLIGHT: HudsonAlpha Maximising the Impact of Its Genomics Research with HPE Synergy", IDC, June 2017
2 "Red Bull Racing accelerates performance with hyperconverged IT," Hewlett Packard Enterprise, November 2017

subset: commoncrawl


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Artis Gilmore with the Bulls
Artis Gilmore had two stints with the Chicago Bulls, from 1976-1982 and from 1987-1988. He was one of the premier centers in the NBA during that time. And he was one of the best-known athletes in Chicago during the '70s and early '80s. Here are images of the "A-Train" during his two stints with the Bulls.
Copyright © 2019, Chicago Tribune


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Announcements and New Content
Release: What's New in OpenCL™ Tools (Available in the Latest Intel® System Studio)
Webinar Replay: Develop Smart Computer Vision Solutions Faster
(Register with Embedded Vision Alliance for free access.)
White Paper: A Guide for Intel® SDK for OpenCL™ Applications
Install Linux* applications on Ubuntu* 16.04. Get started with code samples in the Eclipse* IDE.
Intel is a strong supporter of OpenCL™ software technology. The Intel SDK for OpenCL Applications is a comprehensive development environment for developing and optimizing OpenCL applications on Intel® platforms, and part of an increasingly rich portfolio of Intel tools for heterogeneous programming. The SDK supports offloading compute-intensive parallel workloads to Intel® Graphics Technology using an advanced compiler for OpenCL kernels, runtime debugger, and code performance analyzer. The SDK and driver and run-time packages are installed separately.
Download the SDK and get started today.
Build for Competitive Advantage and Easier Heterogeneous Approach
Get the freedom to develop your own proprietary algorithms directly on multiple types of Intel®-based devices.
- Low-level development using the framework from the OpenCL application provides the freedom to develop competitive IP-based applications.
- Common front end for coding Intel-based devices: CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs.
- Fast emulation platform for FPGAs provides an opportunity to optimize and innovate faster. For more information, see: Intel® FPGA SDK for OpenCL™ software technology.
Innovate new features for competitive advantage together with other complimentary software tools (Intel® System Studio, Intel® Media SDK, and OpenVINO™ toolkit) and libraries.
Increase Productivity and Efficiency
- Perform custom development across multiple hardware types. While not performance portable, it reduces development learning time for new hardware to days, as compared to months for hardware-specific stacks.
- Use the OpenCL application to extend pipelines written using the Intel Media SDK and OpenVINO toolkit with your custom algorithms.
- Optimize system performance and power with analyzers in Intel System Studio, such as Intel® VTune™ Amplifier.
Learn more about the OpenCL standard: Overview from Khronos*
For driver components that you need to download for your system, see: OpenCL™ Drivers and Runtimes for Intel® Architecture.


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This yoga pose will strengthen your body
Yogi and H&M Sport ambassador Patrick Beach guides you through the chair pose.
EXERCISE: Chair Pose and Half Chair Pose
WHAT IS IT GOOD FOR? These two poses are great for balance, trust, leg strength and hip opening. "Learning what you need to help your body come into balance is a fun game, enjoy it!"
Stand with your feet right under your hips in a natural standing position. Look forward as you begin reaching your arms strongly up to the sky and begin to sit the hips back in space, putting the weight of the body movement in your heels.
Sit your butt as low as possible without letting your knees go too far forward. Feel the pose really begin to heat up as you get more active in the core and hold everything just as it is for three to five breaths before rising back to stand.
From the standing position, squeeze your right knee up into the chest as much as possible without touching the leg. Begin to lift the inside of your right ankle up towards your chest, this move will be an external rotation of the right femur bone which points that knee out to the side as much as possible. Let the right ankle land on the space just above the left knee. Stand for a moment and find balance.
Bend the standing leg and reach your arms up to the sky, sitting as low as possible while keeping the weight balanced in your heel. Reach your arms strongly up to the sky just as you did in the first chair pose, helping to create an active balance. The deeper you sit the easier it will be to feel the stretch in your right hip and the more strength will be built in the left leg. Hold in your deepest seat for three to five breaths, then rise up and switch sides.
LOCATION: Based in Seattle, Washington, but constantly on the move – check out Patrick's workshop schedule on patrickbeach.com.
INSTAGRAM: @patrickbeach
YOUTUBE: beachyoga


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OK, I did not feel this was fair to post in the last message considering we were talking crying babies
BUT...I think, unless I 'forgot' an 11:30 pm feeding, that my babies had a 7 hr span between feedings...
I fed them at 7:30, they were asleep between 8:30 and 9:00...
THEN at 11:30, after dinner, I went upstairs to wait for their 11:30 hunger cries...and I laid down on the bed...fell asleep (had baby monitor)
at 2:30 am, they finally stirred...
I am blown about!
They were 9 weeks yesterday, maybe that did it?
(of course I have a night nanny tonight and tomorrow...little suckers will probably sleep through the night with her!)


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I have heard a Soccer Mom talk of attending a recital, ballet practice, and a PTA meeting all scheduled at 9am! Do not ask me how; I am not a soccer mom! Coaching in the burbs, gave me the opportunity to witness these Wonder women types in action.
Soccer moms are quite efficient when it comes to arranging, scheduling, multiple events and commitments…Continue
Added by TennisWithD on July 25, 2011 at 2:00pm — 1 Comment
© 2019 Created by Mark / The Mayor. Powered by


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When you join the charter school listserv you'll receive informational e-mails from Schools of Choice and charter school events such as grant trainings, administrative and leadership meetings, and networking opportunities.
Add Me
Click on add me to the listserv, and your e-mail address will appear in an open window. Press "send" and your e-mail address will automatically be added to the charter school listserv.
Event Calendar
View the Calendar to see the different events hosted by Schools of Choice throughout the year.


text: We are having a really hard time with putting out lead boxes. My staff complains that a lot of places won't let us put them out. The ones we do get out either get no leads, or when we call the leads they don't want to come in ( it is beyond me why you'd fill it out if you didn't want to come in). Are any other clubs having problems with either getting the lead boxes out, or with getting people to join from the leads? If you are having more success with it how are you doing it?


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Contact Info
Email: email@example.com
Gmail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Skype: gointekcom
Light Up Led Cube Mood Lighting
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5. Rechargeable Lithium battery at 500 times
6. Catalog with LED lights effects is available on your requirement.
- Material: PE(polyethylene)
- Waterproof: IP65
- Charging time: 4 to 5 hours
- Working time: above 10 hours
- IR control range: <= 6 m
- RF control range: Max 45 meters without barriers
- Lithium Battery: 3.7V
- LED Life time: more than 50000 hours
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5. With Original design remote controler, easy to control all the products.
6.Direct use Li battery, easy recharge.easy installation
7. Number of the product can be combined into a pattern of very many different shapes, soft lighting, beautiful and awe some.


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Stun Guns
Stun guns are weapons used to temporarily immobilize a person by the infliction of an electrical charge with no long-term effects. Stun guns may be purchased wherever guns are sold. Minimum age requirements limit sale to individuals 16 years of age who have the written permission of their parents to possess the weapon. However, anyone may purchase the weapon except individuals who use narcotics, who have been convicted of a felony crime involving assault, or a conviction related to the misuse of a stun gun.
California Department of Justice
Office of the Attorney General
Public Inquiry Unit
P.O. Box 944255
Sacramento, CA 94244-2550
(800) 952-5225 (CA Callers)
(916) 322-3360 (Out of State)
(916) 323-5341 Fax
(800) 952-5548 (TDD in CA)
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English TTY/TDD (800) 735-2929
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Voice (800) 735-2922
Los Angeles Office
300 South Spring Street
Suite 1700
Los Angeles, CA 90013
(800) 952-5225
(213) 897-2000
Consumers should check with local city police or county sheriff for local requirements.
Consumer Resource & Referral Guide
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Local Furniture Repair Professionals in Your Area
1. Frederick & Co
1946 E Home Ave, Fresno, CA 93703
We do not provide work on upholstery. We apologize for any inconvenience. A hallmark in the Central Valley for 30 years, David shares his passion of refinishing with countless satisfied local residents. Refinishing restores anything from a precious antique, to contemporary furniture, bringingview details hide details
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LocalFurnitureRepair.com provides updated information on furniture repair in 93844, Fresno, CA.
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McConnell, Reid clash
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid on Sunday signaled that the Senate remains headed toward a historic remake of its rules this week to ease the confirmation of some of President Barack Obama's nominations.
Reid said Sunday on NBC's "Meet the Press" that he's faced historic delay and obstruction during his time as majority leader, fighting hundreds of filibusters, including 16 of the president's executive branch nominees. The Nevada Democrat said it's time for that to end.
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"The changes we're making are very, very minimal. What we're doing is saying: 'Look American people, shouldn't President Obama have somebody working for him that he wants?'" Reid said. "If you want to look at nominations, you know what the Founding Fathers said: 'Simple majority.' That's what we need to do."
( PHOTOS: Longest filibusters in history)
Reid is set to deploy the "nuclear option" — which would allow 51 senators to change the Senate rules instead of the 67 that are normally required. Triggering it would dislodge several stalled Obama nominees, and it would allow senators to approve executive branch nominees — not judicial nominees or legislation — by a simple majority.
Creating 60-vote thresholds and months-long delays to nominees to monitor the nation's labor standards, air quality and financial regulations is precisely why Americans' view of Congress is so dim, Reid said.
"Is there anyone out there in the real world that believes that what is going on in the Congress of the United States is good? Our approval rating is lower than North Korea's. It is really, really dismal," he said.
Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) is still hoping to avert fundamental changes to the Senate. After saying that Reid might go down as the worst leader of the chamber on Thursday if Democrats enact a rules change, McConnell tempered his remarks Sunday and complimented Reid as a "reasonable man" and a "good majority leader."
( QUIZ: How well do you know Mitch McConnell?)
But McConnell also made it clear that he believes there is no reason to weaken the minority party's power in the Senate.
"What is the problem here? The president has had 1,540 of his nominations confirmed, only four defeated. He's not lost a single member of the cabinet. He's getting them faster than President Bush was at the same time in his second term," McConnell said. "The majority leader needs to bring these nominees up. Most of them are going to be confirmed."
The crux of the filibuster fight is over nominees to lead the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and the National Labor Relations Board, which will be unable to function after August without Senate action as Chairman Mark Gaston Pearce's term expires. Republicans want structural changes to the CFPB before confirming a director and resolution at the Supreme Court over recess appointments made by a Obama to the NLRB. Until that plays out, the GOP is unlikely to vote with Democrats on those confirmations.
The majority also wants to approve nominees to head the Labor Department, Environmental Protection Agency and Export-Import Bank.


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World Heritage List
In 1979, the Committee decided to inscribe the Ohrid Lake on the World Heritage List under natural criteria (iii). In 1980, this property was extended to include the cultural and historical area, and cultural criteria (i)(iii)(iv) were added.
(renomination under cultural criteria)
Renomination of "Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park" under cultural criteria.
#: As for 19 Natural and Mixed Properties inscribed for geological values before 1994, criteria numbering of this property has changed. See Decision 30.COM 8D.1
Official World Heritage List in other formats
Global StatisticsOfficial World Heritage List Statistics
Category of site
Cultural site Natural site Mixed site
Site inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger
Cultural site Natural site Mixed site
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Wall Map
A large format full-colour map is available in English, French and Spanish. The dimensions of the map are 78cm by 50cm (31 in. by 20 in.).


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It is possible that the main title of the report Goodman Syndrome is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report.
Goodman Syndrome (Acrocephalopolysyndactyly Type IV) is an extremely rare genetic disorder characterized by marked malformations of the head and face, abnormalities of the hands and feet, and congenital heart disease. The syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Some researchers feel that Goodman Syndrome is a variant of Carpenter Syndrome (Acrocephalopolysyndactyly Type II).
Children's Craniofacial Association
13140 Coit Road
Suite 517
Dallas, TX 75240
Tel: (214)570-9099
Fax: (214)570-8811
Tel: (800)535-3643
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Internet: http://www.ccakids.com
FACES: The National Craniofacial Association
PO Box 11082
Chattanooga, TN 37401
Tel: (423)266-1632
Fax: (423)267-3124
Tel: (800)332-2373
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Internet: http://www.faces-cranio.org
Forward Face, Inc.
333 East 30th Street, Lobby Unit
New York, NY 10016
Tel: (212)263-6656
Fax: (212)263-7534
Tel: (800)393-3223
Email: email@example.com
Internet: http://www.forwardface.org
Let's Face It
School of Dentistry / Dentistry Library
1011 N. University
Concord, MA 01742
Tel: (360)676-7325
Email: email@example.com
Internet: http://www.dent.umich.edu/faceit
Post Office Box 751112
Limekiln, PA 19535
Tel: (702)769-9264
Fax: (702)341-5351
Tel: (888)486-1209
Email: email@example.com
Internet: http://www.ameriface.org
American Heart Association
8200 Brookriver Drive
Suite N-100
Dallas, TX 75247
Tel: (214)784-7212
Fax: (214)784-1307
Tel: (800)242-8721
Email: email@example.com
Internet: http://www.americanheart.org
NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
P.O. Box 30105
Bethesda, MD 20892-0105
Tel: (301)592-8573
Fax: (301)251-1223
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Internet: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/
National Foundation for Facial Reconstruction
333 East 30th Street, Lobby Unit
New York, NY 10016
Tel: (212)263-6656
Fax: (212)263-7534
Internet: http://www.nffr.org
Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center
PO Box 8126
Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8126
Tel: (301)251-4925
Fax: (301)251-4911
Tel: (888)205-2311
Email: http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/EmailForm.aspx
Internet: http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD
Cleft Lip and Palate Foundation of Smiles
2044 Michael Ave SW
Wyoming, MI 49509
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Internet: http://www.cleftsmile.org
This is an abstract of a report from the National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. ® (NORD). A copy of the complete report can be obtained for a small fee by visiting the NORD website. The complete report contains additional information including symptoms, causes, affected population, related disorders, standard and investigational treatments (if available), and references from medical literature. For a full-text version of this topic, see http://www.rarediseases.org/search/rdblist.html
The information provided in this report is not intended for diagnostic purposes. It is provided for informational purposes only. NORD recommends that affected individuals seek the advice or counsel of their own personal physicians.
It is possible that the title of this topic is not the name you selected. Please check the Synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and Disorder Subdivision(s) covered by this report
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through the date at the end of the topic. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current information about this disorder.
For additional information and assistance about rare disorders, please contact the National Organization for Rare Disorders at P.O. Box 1968, Danbury, CT 06813-1968; phone (203) 744-0100; web site www.rarediseases.org or email firstname.lastname@example.com
Last Updated: 3/31/2008
Copyright 1994, 2001 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information.


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Date: 26/09/18
Time: 1 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
Location: Prince's Drive Baptist Church Colwyn Bay Conwy LL29 8LA
What is Cyfle Cymru?
Cyfle Cymru is a service which helps people with substance misuse issues and/ or mental health conditions into work, education or training.
Cyfle Cymru provides the support you need to find the right job, training opportunity or qualifications.
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The Kick Toolkit Refill is a mini-refill dedicated to bass kick drum sounds and low-frequency sound sculpting, perfect for nearly any genre or style of music.
The Kick Toolkit Refill contains:
- Kick Drum WAVs: Over 300 unique kick drum samples created using the Jomox Mbase 11 Analog Bass Drum Module, a single voice analog synthesizer fine-tuned for producing a variety of bass drum sounds. Each kick was created specifically for this refill and was sampled at 24-bit resolution, with no outside processing, for the cleanest possible signal and sound.
- Effects: The Kick Toolkit Refill contains 38 effect patches, using Reason's Scream, RV7000, Pulverizer, and other effect units.
- Mini-Combis: One or two device Combinators designed specifically for the purpose of manipulating and sculpting kick drum patches and samples. Each Mini-Combi has been programmed with front panel control ranges designed for its limited task to make final tweaks fast and easy. A number of Mini-Combis have also been included to provide presets for devices that do not normally allow for loading and saving patches (ex. BV512 Vocoder). 11 mini-Combis are included, along with 43 additional presets, providing help with compression, equalization, and other general purposes.
So, how does it work and what does it sound like? I have a few demo files, taken from the refill, that I'd like to share with you to give you an idea of what you can find in the new refill. The first is a fairly standard kick drum sample:
- Kick Toolkit - Kick 17 ( WAV File )
- Kick Toolkit - Kick 17 ( NN19 Patch )
- Kick Toolkit - Kick 17 ( Combinator )
Here's another simple kick drum sample that could be used in a number of different projects. As you can see, all of the samples provided have an accompanying NN-19 and Combinator included in the refill, which allows you to quickly play back a clean version of each WAV file. Also included in the refill are a few additional Combinator patches, labeled as "extra," that provide a slightly modified sample playback:
- Kick Toolkit - Kick 96 ( WAV File )
- Kick Toolkit - Kick 96 ( NN19 Patch )
- Kick Toolkit - Kick 96 ( Combinator )
- Kick Toolkit - Kick 96 - Extra ( Combinator )
In addition to the deep, thumping kicks you'd expect, I also experimented with using the Mbase 11 Analog Bass Drum Module to create a handful of higher pitched percussion sounds that don't necessarily fit the typical "kick drum" sound. Here's an example of one of these less stereotypical kick drum samples:
- Kick Toolkit - Kick 27 ( WAV File )
- Kick Toolkit - Kick 27 ( NN19 Patch )
- Kick Toolkit - Kick 27 ( Combinator )
- Kick Toolkit - Kick 27 - Extra ( Combinator )
Beyond the 300+ kick drum samples provided in the Kick Toolkit Refill, I've provided a few effects and Combinators for use in tweaking your bass drum sounds. Here are two examples of what are essentially just filters, created using Reason's M-Class Equalizer:
- Kick Toolkit - High Frequency Rolloff ( Combinator )
- Kick Toolkit - Low Frequency Rolloff ( Combinator )
Given the narrow focus of the Kick Toolkit Refill, this mini-refill is available for only $5 and can be purchased via PayPal. Please use the link in the upper right of the sidebar to make your purchase or use the button below!
Please keep in mind that all refill orders will be filled manually and so it may take up to several hours to redeem, depending on the time of your order. Thank you for your patience and your interest!


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There's a reasonable chance that if Alex Smith had simply lied, he'd still be the starting quarterback of the 49ers.
But he said Tuesday he had no regrets about revealing his concussion symptoms, which opened the door for Colin Kaepernick, and the door was subsequently slammed in Smith's face.
Smith suffered his concussion Nov. 11 against the Rams, when Jo-Lonn Dunbar hit him hard enough to cause blurry vision, but Smith said he had no regrets about telling coaches and trainers about the symptoms.
"No, no, no, not at all," Smith said, via Ralph Vacchiano of the New York Daily News. "I mean, we're all going to be done with this game at some point. We've got a lot of life ahead of us. You err on the side of caution with that head stuff.
"There's no brain transplants that I've ever heard of. You only get one. It's not something to mess around with."
Smith's demotion shows how fine a line it can be in a performance business, but his grace in dealing with the situation shows how hard it is to succeed in the business of being a human being.
He admitted it was hard to watch the team win without him after they won so many with him.
"I'm not going to lie about any of that. It's tough at times, for sure," he said. "Tough to accept. Tough to watch.
"But we're in the Super Bowl and it's been an amazing experience. I love being a part of this. I've said this before. It's bittersweet a little bit, but it's a great thing to be a part of."
Smith might not be the best quarterback in the league, but he's good enough to help many teams, and his leadership and attitude he's shown in the last two months will lend a maturity to whatever team he plays on next, since this door is effectively closed to him now.


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A list that shouldn't exist in the 21st century:
- Worldwide, women and girls ages 15 to 44 are more likely to be maimed or killed by men than by malaria, cancer, war or traffic accidents combined.
- One in seven people on earth goes to bed hungry each night while 25 hedge fund managers made a combined $21 billion in a single year, enough to feed every hungry person on earth.
- Global military spending exceeds $1.7 trillion per year, 100 times more than annual cancer research spending.
The Forbes 400 billionaires have as much wealth as the entire African-American population of the U.S., nearly 42 million people.
- 1.6 billion people face economic water shortage, while 2 to 4 million gallons of water are used to frack a single well, polluting our water supply.
- Over a million people around the world lose their lives to violence every year, yet 40% of Americans live in a household with a gun, more than the percentage of young adults enrolled in college.
- It costs just 25 cents a day to provide a child with the vitamins and nutrients to grow up healthy, but every hour of every day, 300 children die from malnutrition.
- One of the leading causes of death for pregnant women is homicide — and one out of every three women will be a victim of violence in her lifetime.
- The world's nations pumped nearly 40 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air from the burning of fossil fuels last year.
- Cigarettes – often the product of child labor – will kill up to a billion people in the 21st century, yet remain legal and are marketed to teenagers.


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The NASCAR Camping World Truck Series (NCWTS) added another mark in the history books this weekend, as the competitive series completed its 400th race on Saturday afternoon at Kansas Speedway. Despite making his first NCWTS start at the 1.5-mile oval, Max Papis looked to collect a top-10 finish in the historic event. Unfortunately, an accident on lap 112 left the No. 9 GEICO Toyota Tundra with damage, relegating the team to a 22nd-place finish.
During qualifying on Saturday morning, Papis laid down a lap of 32.758 seconds (164.845 mph), placing the GEICO Toyota in the 20th position to start the 167-lap race. Within the first 10 laps, Papis reported to Crew Chief Randy Goss that his truck was loose entering and in the middle of the corners. The first caution came on lap 18 and Papis brought his truck to pit road for four tires, fuel, and adjustments.
The majority of the leaders made the decision to stay out and not pit during the caution, putting Papis in the 23rd position on the lap 22 restart. The adjustments helped the Germain Racing entry, however the Toyota was still loose. On lap 47, the leaders began to pit under green flag conditions as they reached their fuel cycle. Papis remained on the racetrack, due to his previous pit stop, and moved into the seventh-place by lap 60.
Two laps later a lucky break came for the GEICO Racing team, as the caution slowed the field and allowed Papis to pit under yellow. Goss brought his Italian driver in for four tires, fuel, and adjustments. A great stop by the over-the-wall crew picked up two positions for Papis to restart from fourth-place on lap 66.
Before the competitors could make one circuit, another caution was brought out for a single-truck spin. Papis had to return to pit road as the team had discovered the truck was not full of fuel from the previous stop. Goss used this time to make an additional adjustment to tighten up the GEICO machine.
Papis restarted on lap 71 from the 19th position. As the laps clicked off, the loose handling condition continued to plague the GEICO Toyota Tundra. The fifth caution of the afternoon came on lap 99 for debris on the backstretch. Papis returned to pit road for four tires, fuel, and adjustments, before restarting in the 16th-place on lap 103.
While battling with Shane Sieg for position, Papis received contact from the competitor, sending the GEICO Toyota into the outside wall. Right-side damage forced the team to pit for repairs, but good work once again by the team allowed Papis to retain his position on the lead lap and return racing as the 250-mile event restarted on lap 116.
Over the final 50 laps, the damage continued to hinder Papis' quest to gain additional positions, leaving the GEICO Racing team with a 22nd-place finish. With the unfortunate ending, Papis dropped one spot in the NCWTS Championship Point Standings and is tied for 11th-place with Joey Coulter. Both drivers are only one point behind Germain Racing teammate Brendan Gaughan, who holds the 10th position.
Max Papis PR


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This lovely book of Every Day Vegan Recipes looks incredible, & is also available for FREE digital download today!
This lovely book of Every Day Vegan Recipes looks incredible, & is also available for FREE digital download today!
I'm a writer. Simply a writer. I stopped defining myself a long time ago. No, I'm not a blogger, or a journalist, or a film critic, or a music expert, or a novelist, or a paperback writer... JUST a writer, next question!
What's up foodie? Whether you like them fresh, in a salad, steamed or juiced, carrots are an amazing food. What you may not know is that carrots come in a variety of colors. Their colors range from shades of orange to yellows, purples and can even be found in white. Some of the nutritional benefits of […]
Salads are more than lettuce. A good salad can be savory, filling, and joygasmic! If you're coming from the S.A.D. (Standard American Diet) world, then your idea of a salad may only consist of few slices of lettuce with a tomato and a dressing to make the bland taste go away. However if you're savvy […]
Los Angeles, January 3, 2017 Michael Ray | @MichaelRayDLA The saying goes, "The mind is a terrible thing to waste." Today's selection of books will surely be a tasty treat for your mind, Locally Delicious; The Grapes of Wrath, and The Parable of the Sower. May they serves as recipes for inspiration. Enjoy!
This is the excerpt for a featured content post.
This is the excerpt for a featured content post.
Native Angelino from Virgil Village, CA. I ride bicycles, and practice peace through pleasure and convey my inner thoughts through written word, visual media and musical compositions. I wear many hats, writer, photographer, and story-teller. My heart has strings tied to New Orleans; Bisbee, Arizona; Arcata, Santa Monica, and San Francisco California; Portland Oregon. Big Love to my favorite LA Spots: Echo Park, Silver Lake, Watts, East Los Angeles, the San Fernando Valley and West Hollywood! Namaste Michael Ray De Los Angeles