text:
Michael Greenberger, JD
Professor Michael Greenberger
Since July 2001, Michael Greenberger has been a professor at the
University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law, where he teaches
a course entitled "Futures, Options and Derivatives."
Professor Greenberger has served as the Technical Advisor to the United
Nations Commission of Experts of the President of the UN General
Assembly on Reforms of the International Monetary and Financial System.
He was also appointed to the International Energy Forum's Independent
Expert Group that provided recommendations for reducing energy price
volatility to the IEF's 12th Ministerial Meeting in March 2010.
Professor Greenberger was a partner for more than 20 years in the
Washington, D.C. law firm of Shea & Gardner, where he served as lead
litigation counsel before courts of law nationwide, including the United
States Supreme Court.
In 1997, Professor Greenberger left private practice to become the Director
of the Division of Trading and Markets at the Commodity Futures Trading
Commission (CFTC) where he served under CFTC Chairperson Brooksley
Born. In that capacity, he was responsible for supervising exchange traded
futures and derivatives. He also served on the Steering Committee of the
President's Working Group on Financial Markets, and as a member of the
International Organization of
Securities Commissions' Hedge
Fund Task Force. After service at the
CFTC, Professor Greenberger
served as Counselor to the United
States Attorney General in 1999, and
then became the Justice
Department's Principal Deputy
Associate Attorney General.
Professor Greenberger testifies
with George Soros before a Senate
Committee on June 3, 2008.
Professor Greenberger has
frequently been asked to testify
before Congressional committees
on issues pertaining to dysfunctions
within United States financial markets caused by complex and unregulated
financial derivatives. He has also appeared both in the media and at
academic gatherings
to discuss this subject,
including appearances
CNN, ABC's "World News Tonight," the CBS Evening News, NBC Evening
News, CNBC, MSNBC, The Jim Lehrer News Hour, NPR's "Fresh Air," PBS's
"Frontline," CBS's "60 Minutes," and C-SPAN, where he also commented on
financial dislocations arising out of the Enron collapse, the subprime
meltdown, and the manipulation of crude oil and natural gas prices by
unregulated energy traders.
While in the Justice Department, Professor Greenberger was responsible
for supervising a number of counterterrorism programs. In May 2002,
Professor Greenberger became the founding director of the University of
Maryland Center for Health and Homeland Security (CHHS), which now has
a staff more than 60 professionals working on a broad range of homeland
security and emergency response issues for federal, state and local
government agencies, as well as medical researchers. More information
about CHHS can be found on the Center's website,
Professor Greenberger
also teaches
a seminar
entitled "Homeland Security
and the Law of Counterterrorism" at
the School of Law, and in 2014
developed the first of its kind class on
"National Security, Electronic
Surveillance and Bulk Data Collection:
The Withering of the Fourth
Professor Greenberger currently
serves as a
member of the Maryland
Commission on Cybersecurity
Innovation and Excellence
, is on
Professor Greenberger speaks at a
press conference with Senators
Cantwell and Snowe.
the Faculty Advisory Board for the University of Maryland's Center for the
Study of Business Ethics, Regulation, and Crime, as well as the Faculty
Advisory Council for the Maryland Higher Education Commission. He is
also appointed by the President of the American Bar Association to the
Advisory Committee of the Standing Committee on Law and National
Security, and is a
member of
The National Academies' Committee on
Science, Technology, and Law
Professor Greenberger is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Lafayette College
and the University of Pennsylvania Law School, where he served as
Editor-in-Chief of the Law Review. He is a life member of the American Law
Institute and he has served on the Board of Governors of the D.C. Bar and
as a board member of three nonprofit public interest organizations.
Professor Greenberger has also served on the D.C. Circuit Advisory
Committee on Procedures and as a mediator for the United States Courts
for the District of Columbia.
Greenberger's e-mail:
Jeanne Stringer's
phone number:


text:
Michael Emerson knows how he wants to celebrate the final cut of the final episode of "Lost."
"I'd like to have a huge bonfire and weenie roast on the beach where we always work," Emerson told Popcorn Biz of his immediate post-filming plans. "There should be an extraordinary party."
"It would be so fun to burn all of our bamboo huts and our filthy bloody rags of clothing and all the coconut shells," said Emerson.
He's most looking forward to getting rid of the dirty shirt we have come to associate with Ben Linus. "I've only had three sets of these clothes through the show's history," said Emerson. "I think I have worn the last set for a year or longer. When you take them off they walk across the room on their own power and hang themselves up in the closet. Burning isn't enough."
But Emerson has a sentimental side for his Emmy-award winning character and wants to keep one trinket from the fire -- the unexplained carved wooden doll Ben carries. "I still don't know what it means and I don't think it will ever be explained," said Emerson. "But I'd like to carry that as one of the unanswered 'Lost' mysteries."
The actor is not worried about the doll going to a museum or anything. With the constant action on "Lost" there are a lot of duplicates.
"Like any good prop around here, there has to be a half dozen," said Emerson. "So many get exploded or burned or shot or bloodstained."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Tiger Woods shot under 70 in each of the final two rounds of THE PLAYERS Championship and was tied for second on the leaderboard at one point during the tournament. What is Woods' outlook for the U.S. Open in June?
Powered by SportsToNews.com
| Stadium Golf
Tags: 2017-2018, Footage, Men's Golf, NR, PGA, The Rally, Tiger Woods
Powered by SportsToNews.com


text:
Twin Peaks Real Estate
Being almost at the geographical center of San Francisco, there is no finer place to see the city than atop Twin Peaks. With its panoramic views, Twin Peaks should be a must-stop on every tourist's list of places to go. Named for its two virtually identical summits, Twin Peaks stands at an elevation of about 922 feet. The lower portion of Twin Peaks has been developed into a residential community with colorful houses built into the hillside providing optimal views for their residents. The top of Twin Peaks remains mostly undeveloped making it a home to native vegetation and an array of natural wildlife.
Twin Peaks Homes For Sale
Search for properties in Twin Peaks


text:
We are focused on making it easier to get the products you need, when you need them.
Fast access to the latest technology
Over 650,000 products, services, software and solutions with hundreds of new products added online everyday.
Personal service, local to you
In person, online or by phone - your choice.
Easy to use online buying tools
Simplify your work processes with our bespoke buying tools.
Delivery Information
Order by 6pm for FREE next working day delivery on all online orders.
Complete design solutions
View our range of software and services available through element14 Design Center on element14 community.
Engineering expertise and free technical support
Contact our team of experts 24/5 via Live Chat or phone.
Innovative online engineering community
Direct access to peers and experts plus a wide range of technical information and tools.
Global access, with service that's close to home
Farnell has operations throughout Europe, serviced from our regional distribution hubs in the UK and Belgium. We are committed to supporting local language, product and shipment needs.
As part of the Premier Farnell Group, global access to stock and stronger relationships with suppliers, allows us to better serve your needs.
A commitment to innovation that powers change
We have a history of innovation. We've developed many industry firsts that save precious time, such as the first online Community for engineers, customisable online catalogues, and element14 TV engineering video library. This leadership can also be found in our Trust Agenda which focuses on driving sustainability through our planet, our people and our principles. Premier Farnell has been listed on the FTSE4Good Index and also the Dow Jones Sustainability Europe Index. We continue to work to provide a sustainable future through leadership in packaging, exceeding green standards, providing support for environmental legislation and more.


text:
Irish Buttermilk Bannock
This is an Irish bread very similar to an Irish Soda bread, except an authentic Irish Soda bread only has flour, buttermilk, salt and baking soda in it's ingredients.
Since I have 'Sylvia's Irish Soda Bread' recipe on my blog. I wanted to add the Irish Buttermilk Bannock as well. Here it is a very traditional type bannock, which includes raisins or currants and eggs. Quick, easy and tasty to whip up to enjoy at teatime or anytime.
Irish Buttermilk Bannock
Pre-heat Oven 350F
4 Cups of All Purpose Flour - 125 gms. = l cup AP Flour - You can use a little less or more.
3 tsp. Baking Powder - Fresh
1 tsp. Salt
3/4 tsp. Baking Soda
1 Cup Currants or Raisins - I used golden and dark raisins - fresh and moist
2 Large Eggs
1 1/2 Cups Buttermilk - 1 Cup Buttermilk = 240 grm - 8.5 oz - I used 390 gms and little extra flour
In a deep bowl. Sift or wisk together your dry ingredients and mix in the raisins.
Mix the 2 Eggs into your Buttermilk. A large measuring cup comes in very handy.
Make a well in the dry ingredients.
Pour in the buttermilk and egg mixture
Quickly and gently blend until the mixture is moistened and comes just together.
Scrape the mixture out onto a well floured surface.
With floured hands. Press gently together and give it a very gently kneading...I do about 3, while shaping into a disk.
Shape into about 2-3 inches high disk and place into one lightly greased pie pan.
With a large kitchen knife. Cut a cross down as far on the sides as you can go.
Bake about 1 hour and a quarter. Until nice and browned and sounds hollow when tapped on the bottom. Cool about 15 min. and remove from pan.
I enjoy a slice, while still slightly warm. Very tasty with jam and butter, plain or toasted.
Happy St. Patrick's Day!


text:
Miley and Liam, married????
Miley Cyrus posted a pic on Instagram which shows her and Liam Hemsworth posing for an XMAS photo ... and Dax noticed something interesting ...
Check out Liam's left ring finger -- it looks suspiciously like a wedding band. The pose blocks Miley's finger.
They got engaged earlier this year but made no announcement about a wedding date.
And as long as we're talking, also take a look at another pic Miley posted, show her in a Santa's getup. It looks like she might have 2 bands on her ring finger, one being her engagement ring.
The other?
You know this source is looking up the marriage certificate
Cue in all the "OMG SHE GOT MARRIED WITH THAT HAIRCUT" comments


text:
Israel News - Stay Informed, Pray Informed
Shaul Mofaz, the new head of Israel's opposition and the Knesset's largest party, Kadima, laid out his political platform for the New York Times on Friday, and it leans a bit more to the left than many Israelis expected.
Mofaz told the American newspaper that he agrees with the assessment held by his predecessors, Ehud Olmert and Tzipi Livni, that Israel must permit the creation of a Palestinian Arab state in order to maintain a Jewish majority in Israel.
While Mofaz would still be expected to be less reckless with the implementation of such an outcome than Livni, he seemed to espouse policy positions typically associated with the farther reaches of the left wing.
For instance, Mofaz said that he would give the Arabs 100 percent of their territorial demands, though land swaps would be necessary since some Jewish towns in Judea and Samaria are simply too large to uproot. Others, he said, would be encouraged to move with economic incentives, or face forced expulsion.
Of course, such an approach has been tried before, most notably by current Defense Minister Ehud Barak, a man who like Mofaz was a former army chief with impeccable security credentials. Barak's attempt to hand Yasser Arafat nearly all of what he asked for blew up in Israel's face, literally, with the start of the Second Intifada, or "Oslo War."
And Mofaz would likely be offering even less than Barak, since it is now clear that the vast majority of Israelis oppose the division of Jerusalem. Without Jerusalem, or the cleansing of all Jews from Judea and Samaria, or the "right" to flood Israel with "Palestinian refugees," there will never be a final status peace agreement, regardless of who is Israel's prime minister. And so, while the New York Times may be getting excited over proposals it somehow fails to recognize as nothing new, most Israelis realize that, in fact, Mofaz is offering nothing new.
And the polls reflect that. If elections were held today, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu would crush Mofaz.
Where Mofaz may be able to make political headway, however, is in the social arena. Netanyahu is typically associated with the capitalist movement in Israel, while last summer's huge Tel Aviv protests showed that most Israelis still identify with a more socialist approach as they struggle with a high cost of living.
Mofaz is doing his best to identify with disillusioned young Israelis whose rent, utilities and other standard living costs often exceed their incomes.
But, again, Israel's more socialist parties - Kadima and Labor - were in power much of the past two decades, and did little if nothing to right the ship. So, as with security and the peace process, many Israelis have been there and done that, and are no longer convinced that jumping back to the other side of the aisle is the solution to the country's problems.
Either way, Israel's next general election, scheduled for 2013, is shaping up to be an interesting battle upon which the events of the next year - from security to Iran to the peace process to renewed social justice demonstrations - will have a major impact.
Want more news from Israel?
Click Here to sign up for our FREE daily email updates
For Information & Reservations:
E-Mail: email@example.com
Israel Today
Free to Your Inbox


text:
We have a lot going on this Christmas, hopefully you haven't missed out on the excitement surrounding this year's Christmas collections, particularly the Christmas 2010 Master Collection: 2,010 titles worth more than $61,000.00 in print, at the ridiculously low price of $2,010! If you do the math, that's almost 97% off.
Stop and reflect on that.
We're taking 97% off the price, and you're paying only 3%. Seems backwards, doesn't it? We thought long and hard about discounting a collection this deeply, but we wanted to do something extra special this Christmas.
When talking about savings like this, it's easy to get lost in the huge numbers. So allow me to help you put it in perspective.
$100 vs. $3
Imagine going into an electronics store to buy an item that costs $100. You missed the big sign out front, so you put a crisp $100 bill on the counter, expecting to be on your way. But the cashier stops you and begins to hand you $97 in change—$20, $40, $60, $80, $90, $95, $97.
Where would you keep 2,010 books?
Imagine trying to find space in your home for 2,010 new books. If each book was an inch thick (a very low estimation), you are going to have over sixteen stacks of books that are over ten feet tall! Hopefully you would be able to secure twenty new bookshelves quickly.
Compared to print in terms of dollars
Let me try to help you visualize how much someone would save when buying digital titles from Logos rather than the same titles in print.
Obviously our Christmas sale represents a huge savings and an amazing opportunity! If you're hesitant to take advantage of it, though, we have four other collections and a build-your-own option, too. Check them out and find the Christmas collection that will pay for itself over and over again in the years to come.


text: On Mon, Jun 04, 2001 at 11:36:06PM -0500, Bari Ari's all... > If you're already in Alaska it would seem to make sense. Locating next > to a lake would also do the trick if your demands were that high. > > Using forced convection along with sensible conduction cooling > techniques allow for even large clusters to be used in areas where the > ambient temperatures may be 40 C. So you could still run your TFLOP > machine with the windows open in Phoenix during mid July. Though running > it in Fairbanks at 10 C would bring up the MTBF a notch :-) > I think that the factor for the location of the facilit was the proximity of some large pacific fabric and huge gas reserves nearby - power would be cheap, abundant as is real estate. There's a link to the article off /. a month odd ago. /kc


text:
(Phoenix, Ariz. – March 23, 2005) Arizona Attorney General Terry Goddard today reminded Arizona residents about the importance of having their wishes known about medical care should they become incapacitated.
"Recent news stories remind us how important it is to have your wishes known – for the family as well as the individual – to avoid the anguish we've been witnessing," Goddard said. "Having your wishes in writing protects your rights and wishes, and provides a valuable gift to your friends and family."
The next most important step for families when making end of life decisions is to have a conversation so that the appointed representatives understand a person's wishes, Goddard added. This conversation is as important as having the documents completed. The Arizona Attorney General's Office has a Life Care Planning Packet available to any Arizona resident interested in reviewing the types of forms that can be used to appoint representatives to act for you under health care powers of attorney.
The Life Care Planning Packet includes the following five legal forms:
- Durable Health Care Power of Attorney
- Living Will (End of Life Care)
- Pre-Hospital Medical Directive (Do Not Resuscitate)
- Durable Mental Health Care Power of Attorney
- Letter to My Agent (Representative)
"The time to talk about these issues is sooner rather than later and when a person is healthy and can think clearly," Goddard said.
The Life Care Planning packets are available by visiting the Attorney General's Web site at www.azag.gov or contacting the Attorney General's Office at 602-542-2124.


text:
Marla Matkin of Hill City will portray "The Contessa" in a program about the Wild West for Kansas Day at 6:30 p.m. Tuesday at Eastmoor United Methodist Church.
This is the 13th annual Kansas Day Celebration in Marion. The evening will include a catered dinner. The cost is $15, and reservations are required. For more information, contact Janet Bryant at (620) 382-3418.


text:
Star Trek TOS Bluetooth® Communicator
One to beam up
- First fully-functional wireless Star Trek communicator
- Pairs with Bluetooth®-enabled phones
- Designed using 3D scans taken of a hero prop
One to beam up
With the flick of a wrist, you will be answering calls like Kirk and Spock with the very first fully-functional wireless Star Trek Communicator. Is it accurate? Well, it was created using 3D scans of the alpha hero prop. How does it work? It pairs up with your Bluetooth®-enabled phone just like a wireless speaker or a pair of headphones would. Speaking of which, you can also use it as a speaker for hands-free calls or streaming music from your Bluetooth-enabled audio player. And a high-quality MEMS microphone ensures Scotty can make out your "One to beam up." The stand also provides built-in contactless charging capability. And, in case it wasn't already impressive enough, the Communicator has built-in authentic sound effects and conversation fragments from the Star Trek Universe for additional geek cred. As if you needed any additional geek cred after you whipped this baby out.
Product Specifications
- First fully-functional wireless Star Trek communicator
- Officially-licensed Star Trek merchandise
- Pairs with Bluetooth®-enabled phones
- Authentic flip-to-answer action
- Designed using structured-light 3D scans taken of the alpha hero prop
- Includes 20 authentic sound effects and crew voice clips from the Star Trek universe
- Wireless Range: 32 ft.
- Driver: 36mm speaker
- Speaker allows for hands-free calls or playing music
- High-quality MEMS microphone
- Does not have to be paired to use as a prop that chirps and plays sound clips
- Materials: Combination of pressed metal, die-cast metal, machined aluminum, and textured ABS with die-cast zinc stand
- Batteries: Built-in lithium polymer (normal use, lasts days on a single charge)
- Charges in 4 hours using included micro-USB cable
- Illuminated magnetic stand supports contactless charging, reads "U.S.S. Enterprise Standard Issue Communicator"
- Dimensions: 4" tall (closed) or 7" tall (open) x 2 3/4" wide x 1 1/2" thick
- Weight: 5 oz.
- Includes communicator, stand, case, leatherette carrying pouch, and micro-USB to USB charging cable


text:
Florida Georgia Line Updates Fans on New Album
Following up their massive debut 'Here's to the Good Times,' Florida Georgia Line, the recently crowned ACM Vocal Duo of the Year, opens up about their new album, which they're understandably excited about.
"We're in the studio working hard," Brian Kelley confirms to Radio.com. "We've already got five to six songs tracked and rockin'. Joey Moi, our producer, is chompin' at the bit. He's as excited as we are. I feel like everybody has gotten better. It's a new season, it's time for recording."
Adds the singer, "We had the time of our life making our last record and I think it showed and I think a lot of people enjoyed it. This time around, no pressure. We're going to go in and put the best songs we can on there and let the fans and country radio do the work."
FGL has admitted before that they're just going to try and ride their success into their sophomore album, and it's going to be a diverse collection of songs -- something for everybody, if you will.
With the momentum they've gained through huge hits like 'Cruise,' the country duo is definitely riding high in the swell of success. But, according to duo member Tyler Hubbard, they're just going to keep their cool and keep doin' what they're doin'. "Basically, just keep riding the wave and hold on tight. Buckle up," says Hubbard.


text:
The Carteret County Sheriff�s Office is seeking the public�s help in identifying several people they want to talk to in connection to a larceny case involving a Cedar Point business.
Updated at 9:18 a.m.
CEDAR POINT � The Carteret County Sheriff�s Office is seeking the public�s help in identifying several people they want to talk to in connection to a larceny case involving a Cedar Point business.
The sheriff�s office released Thursday several still photographs of the three subjects from a surveillance video at Coastal Outlet, said chief detective Jason Wank.
The sheriff�s office is investigating a possible larceny at the business on Jan. 20.
Wank said the two men and a woman, possibly a family, entered the store together at about 2 p.m. that afternoon. While they were there, store employees noticed that soaps and other bathroom type items were missing from a display case that had just been stocked, he said.
The business contacted the sheriff�s office and reported an alleged larceny after reviewing the store�s video from a surveillance camera and seeing the woman possibly stealing from the store.
The three left the store and drove away in a dark sport utility vehicle eastbound on N.C. 24.
Wank said that the photographs from the video camera are the only identifying information they have about three. It�s not known whether they live in the local area.
Wank said the sheriff�s office wants to identify them so that they can talk to them about the alleged incident. Wank said there was no confrontation involved.
�They came in and shopped around and left,� he said.
Anyone with information is asked to call the sheriff�s office at 252-504-4800.
The Carteret County Sheriff's Office is requesting assistance in locating subjects wanted for questioning.
The people seen in the photo are wanted for questioning in a larceny case from Coastal Outlet in Cedar Point that occured on Jan. 20, according to information from the CCSO.
Anyone with information related to the subjects' locations can call the CCSO at 252-504-4800.


text:
Reviewed by Daniel M. (age 5)
I liked this book because I like owls. The mommy owl is big and she flies without making any noise.
You should read this if you want to learn how to read. The pictures are pretty too. I would tell my friends to read it because I liked it and I think they will too.


text:
It must have been in the early 1980s as best I can remember. I was running my own business, traveling a lot, and visiting my sister who has a PhD in psychology and lived on the opposite coast. Because I was doing corporate training specializing in marketing media we often chatted about her view of what was going on in my world. On one visit she gave me a book by Tony Buzan about mind mapping. I loved it and still use mind mapping as a simple exercise for problem solving because it works for me. Now you can even buy software to help you do mind mapping! Here's a link to the Buzan web site: http://blog.thinkbuzan.com/ It's worth a browse.
You might have heard of mind maps and mind mapping as a way to generate ideas, problem solve, "think outside the box", or look at the big or global picture. We used to call a similar exercise a "mind dump" but it's more than that: mind mapping is a way to organize and see relationships, on paper, that might not be clear otherwise. Here's a link to what Wikipedia has to say about it: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_map
And here's a couple of mind maps, from Wikipedia as well. (Thanks Wikipedia, what would we do without you?)
The process of mind mapping is outlined on Wikipedia and here's an edited version, based on my own experience using the form. I'm in blue, below in response to Tony Buzan's version of mind mapping, and edited by me for emphasis.
- Start in the center with an image of the topic, using at least 3 colors. OK, I love color so I use a new color for each main group or topic, or I'll do the main writing in black and add relationships with a lot of other colors.
- Use images, symbols, codes, and dimensions throughout your mind map. Some people never make it past language thinking and always use words. That's cool, but if you can think visually or like to use symbols, images, even emoticons, go for it.
- Select key words and print using upper or lower case letters. Wow! So restrictive and likely to block your flow! Just go for it: scrawl, scribble, print or use calligraphy. It's more important to get the idea down.
- Each word/image is best alone and sitting on its own line. See it differently again: flow is most important in the encouragement of ideas. You can extract major and minor thoughts and refine it later, if you wish.
- The lines should be connected, starting from the central image. The central lines are thicker, organic and thinner as they radiate out from the centre. Looks real pretty but way too fussy for me. Takes too much time, in my opinion.
- Use multiple colors throughout the mind map, for visual stimulation and also to encode or group. Colors = stimulation! Now we're talkin'!
- Develop your own personal style of mind mapping. Please do. Make it your own... no rules:)
The URL for this post is: http://nutsfromthefamilytree.blogspot.com/2013/01/the-creative-process-mind-maps.html


text:
Funny Voicemail Greeting: Meow Loudly (Male Cat)
Funny Voicemail Greeting: Meow Loudly (Female Cat)
Royalty Free Stock Music - Acoustic Rock Vol.2
Professional Voicemail Messages: Generic Voicemail Greeting Pack
Royalty Free Music - Acoustic Rock Pack 1
Business Voicemail Messages: Generic Voicemail Greeting Pack
View all 6 items 6 of 6 items
Shop members
Lisa Hartwell
Owner, Maker, Producer
Shop policies
Last updated on 02 Jan, 2017
Shipping information can only be added if you sell physical items
Digital downloads
Payment options
Secure options
Accepts Etsy Gift Cards and Etsy Credits
Etsy keeps your payment information secure. Etsy shops never receive your credit card information.
Returns & exchanges
I gladly accept returns and exchanges
Contact me within: 14 days of delivery
Send items back within: 30 days of delivery
I don't accept cancellations
But please contact me if you have any problems with your order.
The following items can't be returned or exchanged
Because of the nature of these items, unless they arrive damaged or defective, I can't accept returns for:
- Custom or personalised orders
- Perishable products (like food or flowers)
- Digital downloads
- Intimate items (for health/hygiene reasons)
I accept returns I do not accept returns
I accept exchanges I do not accept exchanges
The number of days a buyer has to ship an item back must be greater than the number of days a buyer has to contact you
Don't accept returns or exchanges?
Buyers can still file a case with Etsy Support to seek a return or exchange in some situations. Learn more about cases
Shipping to Europe?
EU law allows EU residents to return an item by contacting the seller within 14 days. We recommend accepting returns. Learn more
I accept cancellations I do not accept cancellations
Because of the nature of these items, unless they arrive damaged or defective, I can't accept returns for:
Conditions of return
Buyers are responsible for return postage costs. If the item is not returned in its original condition, the buyer is responsible for any loss in value.
Questions about your order?
Please if you have any problems with your order.
Privacy policy
See this Seller Handbook article for a sample privacy policy you can customise for your shop.
If you ship to the EU or offer your listings to buyers there, you're required to have a GDPR-compliant privacy policy by 25th May 2018.
Shoppers won't see this field until you add a privacy policy.
Etsy prohibits the use of buyer information for unsolicited messages. See our Privacy Policy for more info.
More information
Last updated on 02 Jan, 2017
Seller details
Lisa Hartwell
1 Balmoral Way
LEAMINGTON SPA, Warwickshire CV32 7HU
United Kingdom
1 Balmoral Way
LEAMINGTON SPA, Warwickshire CV32 7HU
United Kingdom


text:
Advanced Search |
Search Tips
Brand New SealedCLICK HERE - CERTAIN SYLVANIA PRODUCTS PURCHASED FROM O'DONNELLS AUTO PARTS QUALIFY FOR REBATES WHEN AVAILABLECLICK HERE - FIGURE OUT WHAT BULBS YOUR VEHICLE USES!CLICK HERE - SYLVANIA CHART WITH PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
We promise to never spam you, and just use your email address to identify you as a valid customer.
This product hasn't received any reviews yet. Be the first to review this product!
Click the button below to add the 9145ST Sylvania Silverstar Foglight Bulb 9145 ST - Single (H10) to your wish list.
All prices are in USD.
Copyright 2019 O'Donnell's Auto Parts, L.L.C..
Sitemap |
Ecommerce Solution by BigCommerce


text:
Emily's Book Nook Bedroom
Like this entry? Favorite it below!
- Name:
- Emily
- Location:
- Cincinnati, OH
- Division:
- United States
- What do you love about your bedroom?:
- My daughter loves having a place to hide and read her books, so when we built her desk we created a cozy book nook underneath. When she is in her book nook, she never hears the calls to dinner, piano practicing, or homework!
- What are your tips for creating a beautiful, healthy and organized bedroom?:
- Obviously, we believe in having easy access to books! As my daughter grows she will be able to reach more of the shelves above her desk and they will be filled with useful rather than just decorative items.
- In modern homes, bedrooms have become more than just a place to sleep; they can be a retreat, a home office, a library, a relaxation zone. What are some ways you make the most of your bedroom?:
- A large desk for art projects and homework, a nook for reading, and a soft puffy bed. That's everything an eight year old girl needs!


text:
Seek out a qualified, educated doctor of chiropractic, emphasizes the American Chiropractic Association.
Interested in trying a chiropractor? Seek out a qualified, educated doctor of chiropractic, emphasizes the American Chiropractic Association, which offers a list of member doctors who practice "ethical, patient-centered, evidence-informed, conservative health care" at acatoday.org. Also, read reviews and elicit recommendations from friends and family members.
A knowledgeable, practiced chiropractor will take time to learn a patient's history and then perform a physical exam to develop a working diagnosis. Patients remain fully clothed. A chiropractor might also require imaging or lab tests such as MRI, CT scan or X-ray to confirm a diagnosis.
During that initial exam, expect to share dates and details about when and how pain or conditions arose. A chiropractor will ultimately establish a treatment plan that will likely involve:
— Specific spinal joint manipulation or mobilization using his or her hands or an adjustment instrument to reduce pain or restore joint function.
— Numerous visits, at least initially to get pain under control or the joints functioning, then treatments thereafter to manage the situation or when needed.
— Advice on home care, lifestyle modifications, exercise and nutrition after and between visits.
The ACA points to chiropractic treatments as a possible alternative to prescription drugs and invasive procedures for pain management: "In 2017, the American College of Physicians released updated low-back pain guidelines that recommend first using non-drug treatments, such as spinal manipulation, for acute and chronic low back pain."
According to Prevention magazine, skilled and licensed practitioners can also assist with pregnancy pain, digestive issues and headaches. Prevention further pointed to one study indicating chiropractic treatments may be a help in lowering blood pressure.
Of course, diseases, emergencies, broken bones and infections are not the expertise of chiropractors and require a visit with a medical doctor.


text:
Why See 2Cellos?
The viral cello sensations return to tour!
The overnight sensations 2Cellos have delighted many audiences the world over, with their unique and energetic performances of popular hits, from Nirvana to Kings of Leon. When their rendition of Michael Jackson's Smooth Criminal went viral on YouTube, they broke through and ended up catching a gig supporting Elton John on his tour. Now 2Cellos return to perform passionate pieces from their brand new album, Let There Be Cello!
The Croatian cello virtuosos Luka Sulic and Stjepan Hauser met at a master-class whilst still teenagers before completing their education at the prestigious Royal Academy in the UK. Whilst struggling to find work, they hit upon YouTube, where they quickly gained over a 3 million views in a week, and are now up to 10 million and counting! Since then, they have signed to Sony Masterworks and are now heading out on a new tour across the US.
Additional Information
Performance date: 10 April 2019
And before you stop reading
Images: Stefan Brending (2eight)
What you thought
18 reviews, average rating: (4.2 Stars)
Incredible show with 2 interactive and talented musicians!! A performance... more
Jo: "Can't wait to hear you again"
Music fans of all genres can enjoy the classic gone rock and way over the... more
Spread the word
Sound good to you? Share this page on social media and let your friends know about 2Cellos at Fabulous Fox Theater.
Keep up to date
I want email news and updates for events in my area! Read how we protect your data.
Please note: The term Fabulous Fox Theater and/or 2Cellos as well as all associated graphics, logos, and/or other trademarks, tradenames or copyrights are the property of the Fabulous Fox Theater and/or 2Cellos and are used herein for factual descriptive purposes only. We are in no way associated with or authorized by the Fabulous Fox Theater and/or 2Cellos and neither that entity nor any of its affiliates have licensed or endorsed us to sell tickets, goods and or services in conjunction with their events.


text:
THE threat of swingeing new charges looks set to kill off one of the most historic watercress beds in Hampshire.
Jon Marshall has ceased cultivating the beds at Itchen Stoke, near Alresford after the Environment Agency set a bill for £3,000 to cover the risk of pollution from his operation.
As a result the beds have not been cultivated this year.
Landowner Charles Ranald said: "It looks like a disaster area. Because of the threat of the charges no-one wants to rent it. I'm heartbroken that it's like this after 150-200 years."
The land is among the last to be farmed in a non-mechanised way, unlike the large beds run by the Watercress Company and Geest.
Mr Ranald said he still hopes other people may be interested in taking over the half-acre plot.
"I don't want to abandon them, they have been going for 150 years. I very much want to carry on. They are a part of Hampshire heritage. The land is too small and very steep banks to have machines so it has to be done in a traditional way."
Directives from the EU means farmers are looking at costs of around £1,500 to make the beds at Itchen Stoke 'compliant', including creating a settlement pond for filtering water before it's discharged into the river. A licence is £900 and there is an annual fee for a permit to discharge the water of £620.
In a statement, the Environment Agency said: "We are working with local watercress farms in the River Itchen catchment to reduce the level of nutrients they discharge in order to improve water quality and protect the river, whilst not being over burdensome on businesses and the rural economy.
"Watercress farms that do not currently have a permit to discharge their waste water to the Itchen will be required to have one, including limits on their use of phosphates. Similarly, in cases where some watercress farms already have a permit we will modify those to introduce limits to their discharge of phosphates."
The agency was asked to comment on how a tiny operation like that at Itchen Stoke could be harmful but a spokesman did not want to add to the statement.
Speaking earlier this year, Jon Marshall said: "Only three of us do it traditionally around here. It's going to kill the trade. If we do not carry on, you won't see bunches of watercress anymore, it will all be from massive farms.
"I feel like I'm being squeezed out of business. Big farms can afford this, I can't."


text:
Selling or buying a house without a realtor may be quite hectic. It is tedious to move from one estate to another, looking for a house buyer or seller. Therefore, to avoid this hectic job, a realtor can sort you out. However, you need a good and reliable realtor who is capable of getting in touch with house sellers, or potential house buyers.
The following tips will assist you to spot a reliable realtor among thousands of them.
Referrals by friends or family members
One of the best ways to find a realtor in Maple Ridge is through getting recommendations from friends or family members. A family member or friend is someone you trust, and he or she will refer you to a good realtor. A reliable realtor will perform to his or her level best since clients are the marketers of quality work. Therefore, referral may be as good as gold.
Researching online
Internet can be your answer right away, by checking reviews of clients who used a particular realtor. Positive reviews indicate that the realtor is good, and reliable. However, negative reviews will tell you to avoid the agent since no past good performance in his/her job. Don't rush to make a deal with an agent online since there are many fraudsters. Find out reliability and authenticity first, through customers' reviews.
Experience of a realtor
An experienced realtor should have closed or opened more properties. A good realtor will be willing to knock even at doors that are not for sale, implying that he or she has adequate experience as a real estate broker.
Find out popularity of the realtor
Popularity of realtor should not only be extended to clients, but also to other realtors. You can enquire from other agents about an agent before striking a deal. If a realtor is quite popular to other agents, you will know whether to choose or not. Respected real estate agent is the best to choose.
Choose a local realtor
It is advisable to work with a local expert like the Cardas Mugridge Group, even though you may have a personal agent. Local expert have more knowledge about the area than a distant agent. In case of any problem arising as a result of selling, or buying a house, local agent will help you in sorting out.


text:
Mother Nature is no match for Lewmar Ocean Hatches. They offer a rugged construction with all the features you want when venturing out into the open waters. The classic simple look of these hatches feature an anodized aluminum frame that work great for corrosion resistance. Friction lever hold the lid securely open at any angle up to 95 degrees.
Ocean Hatches come in a wide range of sizes with ether a flange or flat base. If needed, spare part are always available as well as hatch accessories like, an interior Trimkit, Flyscreen, Retrofit locking kit, and scratch remover and polish to keep your hatches looking like new.
For information on installation, fitting or adjustment of the Ocean Hatch Range, please download the following documents (in Adobe PDF format):
- Lewmar's Ocean Hatch Fitting and Adjustment Instructions
- Lewmar's Ocean Hatch and Portlight Fitting Guide
We understand that choosing the right hatch can be tricky at times, so if you have any questions before ordering please feel free to give us a ring at our Customer Service Department - 800/729.9767. Cutout dimensions are listed at the bottom of this page -- please note that the dimensions will differ from those shown if Trimkits are used. Exact differences are listed with the available trimkits for the Lewmar Ocean Hatch line.
|Cutout Size (in)
|19-15/16 x 19-15/16
|Cutout (mm)
|507 x 507
|Weight (kg)


text:
Drell-Yan analysis Procedure
This twiki documents the most important steps of the Drell-Yan cross section measurement. It is intended to familiarize you with the technical aspects of the analysis procedure.
The pdf file of the AN-13-420 attached here contains the notes with the macro name used to produce each plot. In addition, there is a table which contains the same information.
Step 1: Producing ntuples
- Samples
- The CMSSW_53X MC samples are used for 8 TeV analysis. Below is the list of starting GEN-SIM-RECO samples used in the muon and electro analyses:
DYToMuMuM-10To20 & Powheg-Pythia6 & CT10TuneZ2star
DYToMuMuM-20 & Powheg-Pythia6 & CT10TuneZ2star
DYToMuMuM-200 & Powheg-Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
DYToMuMuM-400 & Powheg-Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
DYToMuMuM-500 & Powheg-Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
DYToMuMuM-700 & Powheg-Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
DYToMuMuM-800 & Powheg-Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
DYToMuMuM-1000 & Powheg-Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
DYToMuMuM-1500 & Powheg-Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
DYToMuMuM-2000 & Powheg-Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
DYToEEM-10To20 & Powheg-Pythia6 & CT10TuneZ2star
DYToEEM-20 & Powheg-Pythia6 & CT10TuneZ2star
DYToEEM-200 & Powheg-Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
DYToEEM-400 & Powheg-Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
DYToEEM-500 & Powheg-Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
DYToEEM-700 & Powheg-Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
DYToEEM-800 & Powheg-Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
DYToEEM-1000 & Powheg-Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
DYToEEM-1500 & Powheg-Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
DYToEEM-2000 & Powheg-Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
DYToTauTauM-10To20 & Powheg-Pythia6-tauola & TuneZ2star
DYToTauTauM-20 & Powheg-Pythia6-tauola &CT10TuneZ2star
WJetsToLNu & madgraph-tarball & TuneZ2star
WWJetsTo2L2Nu & madgraph-tauola & TuneZ2star
WZJetsTo2L2Q & madgraph-tauola& TuneZ2star
WZJetsTo3LNu & madgraph-tauola& TuneZ2star
ZZJetsTo2L2Nu & madgraph-tauola& TuneZ2star
ZZJetsTo2L2Q & madgraph-tauola& TuneZ2star
ZZJetsTo4L & madgraph-tauola& TuneZ2star
TTMtt-700to1000 & Powheg-tauola& TuneZ2star
TTMtt-1000toInf & Powheg-tauola& TuneZ2star
TTJetsFullLeptMGDecays & madgraph& TuneZ2star
TTJetsFullLeptMGDecays & madgraph& TuneZ2star
TT & Powheg-tauola & TuneZ2star
TW & Powheg-tauola & TuneZ2star
TbarW & Powheg-tauola & TuneZ2star
QCDPt-15to20MuPt5Enriched & Pythia6 &TuneZ2star
QCDPt-20to30MuPt5Enriched & Pythia6 &TuneZ2star
QCDPt-30to50MuPt5Enriched & Pythia6 &TuneZ2star
QCDPt-50to80MuPt5Enriched & Pythia6 &TuneZ2star
QCDPt-80to120MuPt5Enriched & Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
QCDPt-120to150MuPt5Enriched & Pythia6 &TuneZ2star
QCDPt-150MuPt5Enriched & Pythia6 & TuneZ2star
MC generation is 53X
We use SingleMu and DoubleMu Primary Datasets (PD), January2013 ReReco version
/DoubleMu/Run2012A-22Jan2013-v1/AOD : 190645-193621
/DoubleMuParked/Run2012B-22Jan2013-v1/AOD : 193834-196531
/DoubleMuParked/Run2012C-22Jan2013-v1/AOD : 198049-203742
/DoubleMuParked/Run2012D-22Jan2013-v1/AOD : 203777-208686
/SingleMu/Run2012A-22Jan2013-v1/AOD : 190645-193621
/SingleMu/Run2012B-22Jan2013-v1/AOD : 193834-196531
/SingleMu/Run2012C-22Jan2013-v1/AOD : 198049-203742
/SingleMu/Run2012D-22Jan2013-v1/AOD : 203777-208686
- JSONs: Cert190456-2086868TeV22Jan2013ReRecoCollisions12JSON.txt, Jan22Jan2013
- Double muon and double electron samples are used for the main analysis, single muon samples are used for the efficiency correction estimation steps. Other samples are used for the backgrounds estimation purposes.
- Relevant software: CMSSW_5_3_3_patch2
cmsrel CMSSW_5_3_4 cd CMSSW_5_3_4/src cmsenv git clone email@example.com:ASvyatkovskiy/DrellYanAnalysis . scram b -j8 export DYWorkDir=$PWD/DimuonAnalysis/DYPackage cd $DYWorkDir/ntuples
Note: that for proper compilation slc5 machine is necessary, and the code might not compile out of the box on slc6 or later CMSSW release versions (it would need to be ported first).
To simply perform a local test of the ntuple-maker run:
cmsRun ntuple_cfg.py
to produce the ntuples over full dataset use CRAB:
crab -create -submit -cfg crab.cfg crab -get all -c <crab_0_datetime>
Notes on the ntuples used
The ntuples of different TTree format are used in the analysis. First, the Purdue flat format: it contains branches of fundamental data types like int, bool and float. It stored the branches used for the dimuon analysis only, and is optimized for storage - it is possible to fit in the scratch space as the total size of the ntuples is within 2TB. The signal and background MC samples are located at: /mnt/hadoop/store/user/asvyatko/DYstudy/dataAnalysis13/rootfiles/, and the data ntuples are located at: /mnt/hadoop/store/group/ewk/DY2013/:
1) In /mnt/hadoop/store/group/ewk/DY2013/
drwxrwxr-x 228 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Jun 25 2013 Data_RunAJan2013
drwxrwxr-x 268 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Oct 26 2013 Data_RunAJan2013_Oct
drwxrwxr-x 341 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Oct 26 2013 Data_RunBJan2013_Oct_p1
drwxrwxr-x 438 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Oct 27 2013 Data_RunBJan2013_Oct_p2
drwxrwxr-x 319 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Jun 26 2013 Data_RunBJan2013_p1
drwxrwxr-x 340 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Oct 7 2013 Data_RunBJan2013_p1_ES
drwxrwxr-x 399 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Jun 26 2013 Data_RunBJan2013_p2
drwxrwxr-x 440 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Oct 6 2013 Data_RunBJan2013_p2_ES
drwxrwxr-x 475 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Oct 30 2013 Data_RunCJan2013_Oct_p1
drwxrwxr-x 431 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Oct 27 2013 Data_RunCJan2013_Oct_p2
drwxrwxr-x 460 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Jun 27 2013 Data_RunCJan2013_p1
drwxrwxr-x 474 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Oct 12 2013 Data_RunCJan2013_p1_ES
drwxrwxr-x 402 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Jun 28 2013 Data_RunCJan2013_p2
drwxrwxr-x 432 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Oct 6 2013 Data_RunCJan2013_p2_ES
drwxrwxr-x 493 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Oct 28 2013 Data_RunDJan2013_Oct_p1
drwxrwxr-x 417 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Oct 27 2013 Data_RunDJan2013_Oct_p2
drwxrwxr-x 489 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Jun 29 2013 Data_RunDJan2013_p1
drwxrwxr-x 494 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Oct 6 2013 Data_RunDJan2013_p1_ES
drwxrwxr-x 418 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Jun 29 2013 Data_RunDJan2013_p2
drwxrwxr-x 415 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Oct 6 2013 Data_RunDJan2013_p2_ES
drwxrwxr-x 304 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Apr 22 2013 QCD120to170
drwxrwxr-x 103 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Apr 17 2013 QCD15to20
drwxrwxr-x 223 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Apr 22 2013 QCD170to300
drwxrwxr-x 329 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Apr 26 2013 QCD20to30
drwxrwxr-x 333 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Apr 19 2013 QCD30to50
drwxrwxr-x 347 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Apr 19 2013 QCD50to80
drwxrwxr-x 333 cms1005 cmsprio 4096 Apr 19 2013 QCD80to120
drwxrwxr-x 83 cms1005 root 4096 Nov 1 2013 DYM1000_PUOct
drwxrwxr-x 398 cms1005 root 4096 Nov 7 2013 DYM1020_PUOct_FULL
drwxrwxr-x 83 cms1005 root 4096 Nov 1 2013 DYM1500_PUOct
drwxrwxr-x 83 cms1005 root 4096 Nov 1 2013 DYM2000_PUOct
drwxrwxr-x 83 cms1005 root 4096 Nov 1 2013 DYM200_PUOct
drwxrwxr-x 428 cms1005 root 4096 May 20 2014 DYM20_MadGraph_Light
drwxrwxr-x 1001 cms1005 root 4096 Nov 1 2013 DYM20_PUOct_Stefano
drwxrwxr-x 83 cms1005 root 4096 Nov 1 2013 DYM400_PUOct
drwxrwxr-x 83 cms1005 root 4096 Nov 1 2013 DYM500_PUOct
drwxrwxr-x 83 cms1005 root 4096 Nov 1 2013 DYM700_PUOct
drwxrwxr-x 83 cms1005 root 4096 Nov 1 2013 DYM800_PUOct
drwxrwxr-x 103 cms1005 root 4096 May 14 2014 DYtautau1020_Light
drwxrwxr-x 463 cms1005 root 4096 May 17 2014 DYtautau20_Light
drwxrwxr-x 420 cms1005 root 4096 May 14 2014 WJets_Light
drwxrwxr-x 203 cms1005 root 4096 May 7 2014 WWJetsTo2L2Nu_Light
drwxrwxr-x 42 cms1005 root 4096 May 10 2014 WZJets3LNu_Light
drwxrwxr-x 62 cms1005 root 4096 May 9 2014 WZJetsTo2L2Q_Light
drwxrwxr-x 22 cms1005 root 4096 May 7 2014 ZZJetsTo2L2Nu_Light
drwxrwxr-x 39 cms1005 root 4096 May 7 2014 ZZJetsTo2L2Q_Light
drwxrwxr-x 324 cms1005 root 4096 May 9 2014 ZZJetsTo4L_Light
drwxrwxr-x 86 cms1005 root 4096 May 9 2014 tW_Light
drwxrwxr-x 83 cms1005 root 4096 May 8 2014 tbarW_Light
drwxrwxr-x 204 cms1005 root 4096 May 6 2014 tt1000_Light
drwxrwxr-x 211 cms1005 root 4096 May 7 2014 tt700_Light
drwxrwxr-x 203 cms1005 root 4096 May 8 2014 ttjets_v1_Light
drwxrwxr-x 256 cms1005 root 4096 May 7 2014 ttjets_v2_Light
Second, the Purdue objectified format which contains both electron and muon branches. The tree contains 101 branches, and the average compression factor of the tree is 3.50.It is not as efficient in the analysis and requires relatively more time to process as must be stored on the fuse mounted partition. It's size is about 5TB. It has 165 branches in the tree, and the average tree compression factor is 35.69. Ntuples of this type are located at: /mnt/hadoop/store/group/ewk/DY2013/
Finally the MIT ntuple format which contains electron, photon and e-mu branches stored as TClonesArrays of objects, it's size is very small (about 1TB), and it is stored here: /mnt/hadoop/store/user/asvyatko/DYstudy/dataAnalysis13/MITrootfiles. It contains over 311 branches in the tree, and the average tree compression factor is 2.14.
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 587300667 Nov 25 21:42 r12a-del-j22-v1_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 2671161333 Nov 25 21:43 r12b-del-j22-v1_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 4052114248 Nov 25 21:46 r12c-del-j22-v1_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 4035054951 Nov 25 21:48 r12d-del-j22-v1_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 123602971 Nov 25 21:48 s12-qcdbc170250-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 118476429 Nov 25 21:48 s12-qcdbc2030-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 135250578 Nov 25 21:49 s12-qcdbc250350-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 138742992 Nov 25 21:49 s12-qcdbc3080-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 129070704 Nov 25 21:49 s12-qcdbc350-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 131205237 Nov 25 21:49 s12-qcdbc80170-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 2035355456 Nov 25 21:50 s12-qcdem170250-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 2248026709 Nov 25 21:51 s12-qcdem2030-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 2179316770 Nov 25 21:52 s12-qcdem250350-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 2107927634 Nov 25 21:53 s12-qcdem3080-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 1004102720 Nov 25 21:53 s12-qcdem350-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 2209661151 Nov 25 21:54 s12-qcdem80170-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 2992897217 Nov 25 21:55 s12-tt2l-mg-v7c_massLowTo700_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 156479786 Nov 25 22:01 s12-ttj-m1000-pwg-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 398757471 Nov 25 22:01 s12-ttj-m700-1000-pwg-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 5491290256 Nov 25 22:03 s12-wjets-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 593033131 Nov 25 22:04 s12-wtop-dr-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 588396554 Nov 25 22:04 s12-wtopb-dr-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 2012835745 Nov 25 22:05 s12-wwj-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 706844616 Nov 25 22:05 s12-wz2q2l-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 2425203042 Nov 25 22:06 s12-wz3ln-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 138511853 Nov 25 22:06 s12-zeem1000to1500-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 8777207914 Nov 25 23:28 s12-zeem1020-v7a_genpho_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 1870967267 Nov 25 22:07 s12-zeem1020-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 134906207 Nov 25 22:07 s12-zeem1500to2000-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 51629600670 Nov 25 23:49 s12-zeem20-v7a_genpho_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 16910573790 Nov 25 22:26 s12-zeem20-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 141741517 Nov 25 22:08 s12-zeem200-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 156961474 Nov 25 22:07 s12-zeem2000-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 129440032 Nov 25 22:08 s12-zeem200to400-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 16888262832 Nov 25 22:15 s12-zeem20to200-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 16910013460 Nov 25 22:21 s12-zeem20to500-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 148722935 Nov 25 22:27 s12-zeem400-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 86869728 Nov 25 22:27 s12-zeem400to500-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 152797927 Nov 25 22:27 s12-zeem500-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 113790925 Nov 25 22:27 s12-zeem500to700-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 130202483 Nov 25 22:27 s12-zeem500to800-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 152764716 Nov 25 22:28 s12-zeem700-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 70450352 Nov 25 22:28 s12-zeem700to800-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 155869368 Nov 25 22:28 s12-zeem800-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 102010215 Nov 25 22:28 s12-zeem800to1000-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 42680408069 Nov 26 00:08 s12-zmmm20-v7a_genpho_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 691278867 Nov 25 22:40 s12-ztt1020-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 3381097268 Nov 25 22:42 s12-zttm20-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 1005986880 Nov 25 22:43 s12-zz2l2n-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 2321028278 Nov 25 22:43 s12-zz2l2q-v7a_ntuple.root
-rw-r--r-- 1 cms1005 root 1615199949 Nov 25 22:44 s12-zz4l-v7a_tight-loose_skim.root
Step 2: FEWZ reweighting
To get started with FEWZ follow this nice tutorial dedicated to exactly this topic: https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/viewauth/CMS/FEWZHowToUse_QuickTutorial. It goes in depth on the setting up the environment, preparing configuration files etc. After the FEWZ cross sections are prepared, there is few other things one needs to do with it. In depth understanding of this tutorial is a prerequisite to work with FEWZ.
First, parse the raw output files to the maps, which can be used in the further analysis. The files have name of that form: 'NNLO.NNLO*dat'. The output FEWZ files which serve as an input for all the macros below can be found at
/mnt/hadoop/store/user/asvyatko/DYstudy/dataAnalysis13/FEWZraw.tar folder
python FEWZ_map_converter_2012_MY.py
to assemble these maps into ROOT files do
root -l MapYM2D.C
additional scripts are available to make potting comparisons (to make meaningful comparison one needs multiple sets of FEWZ outputs, i.e. with different PDF sets, different order):
root -l comparer.C
For studies of the PDF uncertainties based on FEWZ use the following parser:
python FEWZ_map_converter_2012_MY_PDF.py
For studies of the replicas and PDF constraints with NNPDF reweighing technique use the following workflow:
python FEWZ_replica_preprocessor.py python FEWZ_map_converter_2012_MY_replica.py python FEWZ_replica_wrapper.py root -l MapYM2D_replicas.C
Step 3: Event Selection
Once the ntuples are ready, one can proceed to the actual physics analysis. The first step of the analysis is the event selection. Currently, we use the so-called cut-based approach to discriminate between signal and background. For more on event selection read chapter 5 in the analysis note CMS-AN-13-420. Before starting to run a macro, set up the working area. Find all the necessary scripts in:
cd $DYWorkDir/test/ControlPlots
The code for event selection consists of 3 main files (and a few auxiliary). First of all the TSelector class which is customized for event selection used in a given analysis, necessary weights (pileup, FEWZ and momentum scale correction) are applied in the macro. The Monte-Carlo weights are also hardcoded inside the macro for each MC sample used. Next, is the wrapper ROOT macro which calls the TSelector to run on a given dataset. This wrapper is shown below, and explained step-by-step:
//macro takes 3 arguments, which are passed from the python script. These are: the histogram name (invariant mass, or for instance rapidity), ntuple weight or/custom (this option is deprecated - we always use custom weight), and the type of momentum scale correction (also deprecated - the correction does not depend on the run range in 8 TeV analysis) void analyseYield(const char* WHICHHIST, const char* NTUPLEWEIGHT, const char* MOMCORRTYPE) { // Depending on the directory with data, the protocol used to access data will be different: "file" or "xrootd" are the most commonly used. TString protocol = "file://"; //TString protocol = "root://xrootd.rcac.purdue.edu/"; //Pointer to the location of the data used. Can be on /mnt/hadoop or on the scratch TString dirname = "/mnt/hadoop/store/group/ewk/DY2013/"; // Next, the TFileCollection is created. This section is specific for each dataset: data or MC, so we prepare this wrapper macro for each sample TFileCollection* c1 = new TFileCollection("data","data"); //Splitting criteria by runs/eras is happening here switch to RunAB, RunC, RunD. This is handy for studies of run dependencies if (MOMCORRTYPE == "RunAB") c1->Add(protocol+dirname+"Data_RunAJan2013_Oct"+"/*.root"); if (MOMCORRTYPE == "RunAB") c1->Add(protocol+dirname+"Data_RunBJan2013_Oct_p1"+"/*.root"); if (MOMCORRTYPE == "RunAB") c1->Add(protocol+dirname+"Data_RunBJan2013_Oct_p2"+"/*.root"); if (MOMCORRTYPE == "RunC1") c1->Add(protocol+dirname+"Data_RunCJan2013_Oct_p1"+"/*.root"); if (MOMCORRTYPE == "RunC2") c1->Add(protocol+dirname+"Data_RunCJan2013_Oct_p2"+"/*.root"); if (MOMCORRTYPE == "RunD1") c1->Add(protocol+dirname+"Data_RunDJan2013_Oct_p1"+"/*.root"); if (MOMCORRTYPE == "RunD2") c1->Add(protocol+dirname+"Data_RunDJan2013_Oct_p2"+"/*.root"); //Set the location of ProofLite Sandbox. It is more convenient to use the custom path rather than $HOME/.proof gEnv->SetValue("ProofLite.Sandbox", "<path to your working dir>/test/ControlPlots/proofbox/"); //splitting criteria: how many worker nodes to use for the run: using more than 10-15 nodes usually will cause instability and lead to a crash subsequently TProof* p = TProof::Open("workers=20"); p->RegisterDataSet("DATA", c1,"OV"); p->ShowDataSets(); //Deprecated - just leave as is, always TObjString* useNtupleWeightFlag = new TObjString(NTUPLEWEIGHT); p->AddInput(new TNamed("useNtupleWeightFlag",NTUPLEWEIGHT)); //The histogram should always be "invm" - it will give both 1D and 2D histograms. But if one needs to study N-1 selection, then the string should be the name of the cut to exclude TObjString* histogramThis = new TObjString(WHICHHIST); p->AddInput(new TNamed("histogramThis",WHICHHIST)); //This is now useless, but for later studies it might become useful again, if there is a run dependency for the momentum scale correction TObjString* momCorrType = new TObjString(MOMCORRTYPE); p->AddInput(new TNamed("momCorrType",MOMCORRTYPE)); gROOT->Time(); p->SetParameter("PROOF_LookupOpt", "all"); //This invokes the TSelector: "recoTree/DiMuonTree" is the name of the ROOT tree inside the file, "EventSelector_CP.C" is the name os the TSelector p->Process("DATA#/recoTree/DiMuonTree","EventSelector_CP.C+"); }
- There is one extra level here - the python script. It calls the above ROOT wrapper macro and typically looks like this:
#!/usr/bin/env python from subprocess import Popen #This normally is just "imvm", but for N-1 control plots like 18-25 in the AN-13-420 one needs to set to a custom cut name, for instance: 'relPFisoNoEGamma','chi2dof','trackerHits','pixelHits','CosAngle','muonHits','nMatches','dxyBS','relPFisoNoEGamma','vtxTrkProb','trigMatches','pT','eta'] histos = ['invm'] #normally one needs to run over all of them. Splitting to a set of runs is useful because loading very large number of files into one session can cause instability eras = ['RunAB','RunC1','RunC2','RunD1','RunD2'] #Simply invoke ROOT wrapper macro using Popen for run in eras: for hist in histos: Popen('root -b -l -q \'analyseYield.C(\"'+hist+'\",\"False\",\"'+run+'\")\'',shell=True).wait()
Once this is understood, one can run the macro. To produce plots like 35-37 use the analyse.py macro, which calls the wrapper for TSelector for the DY analysis (as described above):
mkdir runfolder python analyseYield_mc.py python analyseYield_data.py
Important information about the reweightings. Pileup reweighing is accessed from the ntuple, directly from the branch on a per event basis. The FEWZ weights are extracted from theoretical calculation, and are provided as arrays inside the efficiencyWeightToBin2012.C file located in the same directory (or any other directory, as long as there is an appropriate include in the header of the TSelector). The FEWZ weights are looked up based on the GEN mass as follows inside the code, only for signal MC:
//look up FEWZ weight
FEWZ_WEIGHT = weight(genDiMuPt, fabs(genRapidity), genMass, true);
To Finally, the Rochester momentum scale correction recipe is described here: http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/~jyhan/cms_momscl/cms_rochcor_manual.html
Few words about the normalization. The data events are not renormalized. The MC weights are weighted according to the probability of each event to be observed in a real collision event and according to the number of events generated in the sample. Therefore
Event_weight ~ (Cross section x filter efficiency)/(Number of generated events)
For better accuracy we use the number of events actually ran on, rather than the number generated. We calculate it in the event loop, and apply it in the EventSelector::Terminate() method. In both the 7 and 8 TeV analysis, we normalized the MC tack (signal and backgrounds) to the number of events in data in the Z peak region (before the efficiency corrections). A special post-processing macro takes care of this:
python postprocessor.py cp runfolder/stack* ../Inputs/rawYield
This python script adds up individual ROOT files with hadd and invokes ROOT macros parser.C and parser_2D.C which has a method for normalization of MC stack to data in the Z peak region.
After that, switch to the Dielectron working directory and produce necessary yield histograms before continuing with the style plotting. First, you will have to get a custom rootlogon file. Note: some of the libraries loaded in this rootlogon might interfere with the Proof environment in your machine.
cd ../FullChain cp ../rootlogon_MIT.C ~/.rootlogon.C
Inspect the wrapper_EE.sh file inside and set the do_selection flag to 1 (true), and check the input files to run on are properly specified in the conf_file
//top of the file filename_data="../config_files/test.conf" //scroll down a little do_selection=1 do_prepareYields=1
Then run in two steps: (1) produce reduced ntuples, (2) prepare binned yields for analysis
To switch between 1D and 2D cases open the ../Include/DYTools.hh file and change the flag to const int study2D=1;.
After that, the style macro is used to plot the publication quality plots.
cd ../style/DY root -l plot.C
the style macro is used This would plot the 1D yields distribution (the switch between the electrons and muons is done manually inside the macro by adjusting the paths).
To plot the 2D distributions do:
root -l ControlPlots_2D.C
Step 4: Acceptance and Efficiency estimation
Another constituent of the cross-section measurement is the acceptance-efficiency.
- Acceptance is determined using GEN level information
To be able to produce the acceptance and efficiency one needs to change to a different folder, and run a different TSelector. But the general flow TSelector->ROOT wrapper->python wrapper is almost the same:
cd $DYWorkDir/AccEffMCtruth python analyseMCtruth.py
The script will produce the root file with histograms corresponding to the mass and rapidity spectra after the acceptance cuts, selection cuts or both which are then used to calculate the acceptances, efficiencies and acceptance-efficiency products with and without pileup and FEWZ reweighing by executing:
root -l plotMCtruth.C root -l plotMCtruth_2D.C
To get the corresponding distributions in the electron channel change to FullChain folder:
cd ../FullChain //doAcceptance = 1 //doEfficiency = 1 ./wrapper_EE.sh
The macro output a root file starting with out1* or out2* containing the histograms corresponding to the acceptance, efficiency and their product. To produce the publication level plots, the style macro described in the previous section needs to be used again
cd ../style/DY root -l plot.C
Note, that whenever you use the style/plot.C macro, you have to configure the mode inside. This looks something like this:
bool drawFig1 = true; // data vs mc before acc correction bool drawFig2 = false; // acc in muon bool drawFig3 = false; // acc in electron bool drawFig4 = false; // eff on reco, trig bool drawFig5 = false; // eff on iso bool drawFig6 = false; // unfolding matrix bool drawFig7 = false; // FSR bool drawFig8 = false; // final plot bool drawFig9 = false; // data vs mc after acc correction bool drawFig10 = false; // eff in electron bool drawFig11 = false; // final plot with histogram type
And you mark the histogram you would like to plot with the true. To get the 2D plots do:
root -l plot_acc_2D.C
Step 5: Data-driven efficiency correction
Only in the muon channel, the electron efficiency scale factors are obtained from the EGamma group, and not re-measured independently.
Next, the data-driven efficiency corrections are applied. This is done using the standard CMSSW recipe, so a lot of additional packages needs to be checked out. Follow this twiki: https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/viewauth/CMS/MuonTagAndProbe to set up your working area for the ntuple production (alternatively, one can use the trees already produced!)
- The procedure goes in two steps: T&P tree production -> rerun seldom (ideally once), it depends only on the definitions of the tag and probe
cd ../ntuples cmsRun tpTree_Producer_Data.py cmsRun tpTree_Producer_MC.py
- If you haven't produced TP trees you can always use the official ntuples located as described in MuonTagAndProbe twiki:
- Second step of the procedure is fitting: separate job for trigger and all the muonID related efficiencies -> reran frequently and usually interactively (change binning, definitions)
cd ../test/TagAndProbe cmsRun fitMuonID_data_all_2012_1_53X.py cmsRun fitMuonID_mc_all_2012_1_53X.py
After familiarizing yourself with the TagAndProbe package, you need to produce the muon efficiencies as a function of pT and eta. You can use the wrapper.py script specifying which variables to bin the efficiency in and what runs/MC samples to process.
Finally, produce the plots with
python auxPlotProducer.py
Step 5: Background estimation
QCD data driven background estimation
In 8 TeV analysis, the main method to estimate the QCD background in the dimuon channel is the ABCD method (the fake-rate method is used in the electron channel). Before starting, let me summarize the ABCD method in a nutshell:
ABCD method
1) choose 2 variables: assume two variables are independent
2) assume the fraction should be same if there is no correlation: N_A / N_B = N_C / N_D
3) In our study, use two variables: sign of muon pair, muon isolation
4) QCD fraction in each region has a dependence. We produce the correction factor for each region: B, C, D
5) Produce N_B, N_C, N_D from data sample, and estimate N_A from them at the end (applying the correction factors)
Now, let's go step by step.
First, change to the ABCD folder:
cd $DYWorkDir/ABCDmethod
The procedure consists of few steps and is guided by the wrapper.py script located inside the folder:
Popen("python QCDFrac_p1.py",shell=True).wait() Popen("python qcdFracHadder.py rootfiles",shell=True).wait() Popen("python ABCD2vari_init.py",shell=True).wait() Popen("python ABCD2vari_p1.py",shell=True).wait()
Thus, for each of the MC samples and for the real data a set of sequences is ran. First the QCDFrac_*.py, which invoke the EventSelector_Bkg.C TSelector class for various values of charge and isolation (the variables defining the signal and background regions), based on the histograms filled, the coefficients are calculated. Second, the qcdFracHadder.py scripts is ran on the on the output of the first step. It is a utility script which repacks the histograms in an appropriate format. Third, the ABCD2vari_init.py script which actually performs the etiolation of ABCD coefficients in each region. Finally, the ABCD2vari_*.py scripts invoke the EventSelector_Bkg2.C TSelector class, passing the ABCD coefficients as TObjString objects inside the macro.
The post-processing and the output harvesting step is performed by the following python script:
python abcdPostprocessor.py
It uses the output of the second TSelector as an inout, hadds it and produces a root file with th histogram which is then used in the analysis.
E-mu data-driven background estimation method
To estimate all the non-QCD backgrounds we employ the so-called e-mu data driven background estimation method. The same method is applied in the muon and electron channels. The code used for that purpose was originally adapted from Manny and it uses the so-called Bambu workflow. First, let's change into the e-mu working directory:
cd $DYWorkDir/EmuBackground
First, reduced ntuples are generated from the original Bambu ntuples:
root -l (shared libraries should compile if they have not already done so) root [0] .L selectEmuEvents.C+ root [1] selectEmuEvents("../config_files/data_emu.conf") root [2].q
The above script needs to be ran twice in 2 modes: SS (same-sign pairs) and OS (opposite-sign pairs). The switch is don win the selectEmuEvents.C script by switching:
if (!isOppositeSign) continue; //if (isOppositeSign) continue;
And also changing the ntupDir name. One will have to edit the data_emu.conf to point to the local ntuples before running.
After running this step, the reduced ntuples should be output to a directory (../root_files/selected_events/DY/ntuples/EMU/). One would also need to run selectEvents.C to generate reduced electron ntuples.These ntuples must contain two branches, mass (dilepton invariant mass) and weight. After this is done, the e-mu macro can be ran:
#compile code > gmake eMuBkgExe #This should produce the binary eMuBkgExe. There are many options to run it. See the the possible options below ./eMuBkgExe #run emu method for 1D analysis and produce plots ./eMuBkgExe --doDMDY #run 2D analysis and produce plots ./eMuBkgExe --doDMDY --saveRootFile #same as above but output ROOT file with yield, statistical and systematic info as true2eBkgDataPoints.root
This macro is also ran in two regimes: using SS and OS ntuples as an input, and the proper true2eBackground file are produced and saved. The reason why we need to rerun SS and OS cases is because we rely on this for estimation of missing QCD contribution in the e-mu spectrum. These true2eBackground files and the dilepton yields serve as an input to the final step of e-mu background estimation, the production of a final root file with histograms:
root -l calculateEMu.C root -l calculateEMu_2D.C root -l calculateEMu_EE.C root -l calculateEMu_2D_EE.C
As you can see, 4 different macros are re-ran for electrons, muons, 1D and 2D.
One other source of background considered in this analysis is the photon induced background. This background is irreducible and is not estimated based on MC. The bulk of the calculations of this background is done in FEWZ3, by switching the photon induced components on and off. Once the output files are ready, one can simply parse them, get the bin-by-bin correction:
python dimitriExtracter.py python dimitriParser.py
Following scripts can be used to visualize and compare the PI background yields:
root -l PIvalidation.C
Once the correction is prepared in a root file, it is simply loaded in the shapeR plotting macro as discussed in the sections below.
Step 6: Unfolding
Unfolding is applied to correct for migration of entries between bins caused by mass resolution effects (FSR correction is taken into account as a separate step, although it also uses the unfolding technique). In 8 TeV analysis, we use the iterative Bayesian unfolding technique. Provides a common interface between channels for symmetry and ease in combination and systematic studies. Both the iterative Bayesian and matrix inversion technique (used in 7 TeV) are implemented and described below.
To do any unfolding with MC, this requires 3 things:
- Producing the response matrix
- Making the histogram of measured events
- Making the true histogram & closure test
First, change to the unfolding working directory (common for electron and muons).
cd ../Unfold
The main steps for unfolding procedure go as follows:
1. Produce the response matrix.
2. To produce the unfolded yield
3. Visualize the yields and ratios of yields
The first step is rather time consuming, and is done by:
python ResMatrix.py
which takes care of the response matrix production for both the 1D and 2D cases. Inputs for these macros are ntuples, and the output is the ROOT file with the true and measured MC yields as well as the response matrix. To visualize the resulting response matrices do:
root -l Matrix.C
The above matrix access the ROOT file which we produced on the previous step and simply does drawing. There is a switch inside this macro allows to change 1D and 2D plots, written with a comment inline.
Once this is done, one can continue to apply the unfolding technique. Open the unfold.C file and familiarize yourself with various flags (pre-processor pragmas to be more precise), namely:
#define USE_OVERFLOWS true #define DATA_DRIVEN_BKG true #define DO_ROO true #define DO_BAYES true #define FEWZ_CORRECTED true
The input to this file is the true, measured MC yields and the response matrix as well as the observed, reconstructed signal and background MC yields. A possibility to read the data-driven backgrounds is also implemented and controlled by the DATA_DRIVEN_BKG flag.
The Bayesian unfolding is performed using the RooUnfold package which is described here: http://hepunx.rl.ac.uk/~adye/software/unfold/RooUnfold.html, and it relies on the code committed here https://github.com/ASvyatkovskiy/DrellYanAnalysis/tree/master/DimuonAnalysis/DYPackage/test/Unfold/RooUnfold-1.1.1. Alternative would be the response matrix inversion (which uses this implementation: https://github.com/ASvyatkovskiy/DrellYanAnalysis/tree/master/DimuonAnalysis/DYPackage/test/Unfold/include) or singular value decomposition (SVD). For convenience, the latter two options are available for the user, but they are not enabled by default. To enable the SVD one can set:
#define DO_ROO true #define DO_BAYES false
To enable matrix inversion:
#define DO_ROO false #define DO_BAYES false
Above is the default setting, as we use iterative Bayesian method as default for 8 TeV in both channels. First run in the closure test mode by setting the run to 'POWHEG' inside the wrapper unfold.py, then switch to '' flag which will do the actually unfolding – we do not make any distinction between the run ranges in 8 TeV as the scale corrections are run independent
python unfold.py
It outputs 1 ROOT file with the yields before and after unfolding.
Repeat all for 2D:
python unfold_2D.py
Similarly to 1D, it calls the unfold_2D.C macro which takes the true, measured MC yields and the response matrix as well as the observed, reconstructed signal and background MC yields as inputs. A possibility to read the data-driven backgrounds is also implemented and controlled by the DATA_DRIVEN_BKG flag. It outputs 1 ROOT file with the yields before and after unfolding.
Then to repeat for electrons change to the FullChain folder and set the appropriate flags for runnings the response matrix production step
cd ../FullChain vim wrapper_EE.sh do_unfolding=1
That summarizes the unfolding step, and the output of this step will be used on the following analysis steps.
Step 7: FSR correction
The effect of FSR is manifested by photon emission off the final state lepton. It leads to a change of the dimuon invariant mass and as a result a dilepton has invariant mass distinct from the propagator (or Z/gamma*) mass.
For our analysis we estimate the effect of FSR and the corresponding correction by estimating the unfolding correction in invariant mass and rapidity bins. This is done by applying an exact same unfolding procedure as for the mass resolution effects described above. A minor difference is that we also apply bin-by-bin corrections for event classes that do not enter the response matrix.
Change to the FSRunfold directory
cd ../FSRunfold
And run the similar steps as above:
python FSRResMatrix.py
This script will give you the response matrix in 1D and 2D and also additional bin-by-bin corrections for events not entering the response matrix. In addition, there is an option to run fully bin-by-bin as a cross check. If you inspect the contents of this python script, you will be able too understand what actually is done. After the jobs are complete, you need to merge the individual root files using hadd, and then run the fracEff.C script to extract the additional corrections:
root -l fracEff.C
Similarly to the detector resolution unfolding step, you can inspect the response matrix:
root -l Matrix.C
To get these all quantities in the electron channel, similarly to the detector resolution unfolding case you just need to:
cd ../FullChain vim wrapper_EE.py doUnfoldingFsr=1 python wrapper_EE.py
Step 8: Cross section calculation
Once all the constituents of the cross section are in place, one can continue with the cross section calculation results. First, the results are calculated in each individual channel and then they are combined using the BLUE method (as described in the Step 10 section). To calculate the 1D cross section in muon channel change to:
cd ../ShapeR python shapeDY.py
this will produce an output root file in the ../Outputs directory. All the necessary input files are expected to be available in the ../Inputs directory. To get the 2D cross section change to
cd ../shapeR2D python shapeR2D.py
The output file is also going to be created in the ../Outputs directory. To get the electron cross section do as usually:
cd ../FullChain //set do_crossSectionFsr=1 ./wrapper_EE.sh
One would have to rerun this step twice switching the flag between 1D and 2D.
This produces the necessary root files with the histograms of the cross section and uncertainties
Step 9: Covariance matrix calculation
The covariance matrix gives the uncertainties of the measurements together with the correlations between the analysis bins and different systematic sources. There are several distinctive steps in the covariance analysis: (1) calculation of the unfolding covariance matrix, (2) calculation of the efficiency covariance matrix and (3) the calculation of the FSR covariance matrix. The code necessary for this calculations is available in:
cd ../Covariance
Note, that this approach is working well only for the muon channel, for electron channel the result is produced by Andrius and electron group using a different technique.
The inputs necessary for the covariance matrix calculation derived on the previous steps are (1) efficiency correlation matrix produced with EffCorrAndSyst code package, (2) mass resolution unfolding response matrix, (3) FSR response matrix, (4) systematic uncertainty tables in ASCII format, (5) optionally the theory ROOT files are used if one is looking for chi2 tests. Change to the covariance directory:
cd ../Covariance
The open the ROOT session and locad the covariance matrix macro:
root -l .L covariantMatrix.C
The consecutively call the "write" functions in the same ROOT session:
writeEffCorrToRootFile() writeShapeToRootFile() writeSystToRootFile() writeTheoryToRootFile()
Here, the writeEffCorrToRootFile(case) stores efficiency covariance in covMatrices_case_store.root, the
writeShapeToRootFile(case) stores data in shape_r_case_store.root, the
writeSystToRootFile(case) stores data in shape_rSyst_case_store.root and
writeTheoryToRootFile(case) stores predictions in shape_r_Theory_case_store.root (the latter is needed for chi2 tests only).
The above files are used by estimateCovMatrix(case) which does the actual covariance matrix estimation:
which produces covariance_finalResults_case.root. As specified in the text one can pass the argument to the function (1D, 2D, normalized or unnormalized), but I prefer to change the defaults and run with nor argument - this is either to keep track of your steps. The arguments (with default values) are "2D"/"1D", "mu"/"el","inAcc"/"fullAcc", "preFSR"/"postFSR". Only relevant combinations are covered ("2D" with "el" will crash).
After covariance matrix is produced, one can visualize it with:
root -l quickPlotter.C root -l drawNicePlots_DYStoyan.C
The final step of the covariance matrix analysis is production of the ASCII files for HEPDATA or for BLUE studies.
python wrapper.py python combine.py
Step 10: Electron-muon combination with the BLUE method
Having the root files for individual cross section measurements i the dielectron and dimuon channels, we need to combine them for a higher precision. The combination is performed with the BLUE method, which takes 2 vectors of measured values of the cross section and the covariance matrices.
First of all, switch the rootlogon for this task:
cp ../../rootlogon_defaultgluon.C ~/.rootlogon.C
Next, we need to make sure that the inputs are in the form the BLUE macro expects it (i.e. ASCII, not root):
cd ../BLUE python bluePrinter.py python bluePrinter_2D.py
This macro takes a ROOT file as an input and outputs the ASCII file as an output. The input ROOT files are produced using macros in the ShapeR and shapeR2D folders and supposed to be in the ../Outputs directory.
We can use the txt2Plot.py macro to validate the txt input by visualizing it.
After we have the inputs in proper format, we just need to run the resultCombiner.C macro. To pass all the inputs properly (which should be in the current folder), we specify them in the wrapper.py script and run it as
python wrapper.py python wrapper_2D.py
The output will be the ASCII format again, but we normally need it in root. So we have to run another converter file after we finished:
python outToPeople.py python outToPeople_2D.py
After that, we have the root file with the cross section histogram of the same format as we have for the individual cross sections, and we can visualize it (produce a plot for the publication) on the same step as we did for other cross sections in the previous section
cd ../ShapeR root -l plot_Comb.C //for 1D root -l plotter.C //for 2D, make sure that the input file is pointing at the combination
Step 11: Double ratio calculations
Once the cross actions have been obtained, the double ratios – ratios of the normalized differential and double-differential cross sections – can be calculated. Most of the macros for the double ratio calculation is located in the ../ShapeR folder, so first change to that folder:
cd ../ShapeR
Given the input ROOT files with the cross sections at 8 TeV, and the old archived ROOT files with the 7 TeV results, the only thing we need to produce in addition is the uncertainties properly combined. This is done by the following few macros (note that the 1D uncertainties file is automatically produced by the ShapeR/shapeDY.py macro, so need to worry about it):
python uncertEE.py python uncert_2D.py python uncertEE_2D.py
The electron uncertainties are produced from the input files provided by the electron group. They are combined with th acceptance and modeling uncertainties provided by us.
Once the uncertainties are prepared, the double ratios can be produced. The macro does what the name intuitively suggests, it calculates the ratio of the cross sections per mass/rapidity bin from the 8 and 7 TeV normalized cross sections, and assigns proper uncertainty which it takes from the output of the previous step.
python doubleratio_1Dee.py python doubleratio_1Dmu.py python doubleratio_1Dcomb.py python doubleratio_2Dmu.py python doubleratio_2Dcomb.py
Step 12: Plotting the final results
The final results are the absolute cross sections in bins of mass and rapidity in dielectron, dimuon channels and combination. As well as the double ratios. To plot the 1D differential cross sections do:
cd ../ShapeR
root -l plot_Comb.C
root -l plot_EE.C
root -l plot_MuMu.C
To plot the 1D double ratios (switch between the lepton channels is inside):
root -l plot_dratio.C
To plot the 2D cross sections and double ratios do:
root -l plotter.C root -l plot_dratio2D.C
Appendix: List of macros used and paths
|Figure id
|Macro path
|Produced by electron group
No macro needed, direct TH1D::Draw from the ntuple
|Plot just shows the contents of the branch pileUpReweigth
|Plot can differ slightly depending on which MC sample is used as a starting point,
but should overall be close to 1.0 at all masses
This requires the production opt T&P ntup;es, running the fit and only then these plots can be produced (See above tutorial)
Additional configuration inside the script is necessary to choose the binning type on the x axis and the efficiency type (reconstruction, isolation, trigger)
|Produced by electron group
|This requires running FEWZ to get the cross sections as a function of PT. Once the cross section maps are produced it can be visualized. The binning needs to be adjusted between plots 6-9 inside the macro.
|Same as 7)
|Same as 7)
|Same as 7)
|Simple comparison of the weighted and unweighted mass spectra
|Same as 10) but the difference is plotted instead of the superimposed
|Comparison of the POWHEG/FEWZ ratios with and without weights applied
Plotted directly from the root file, after the smoothing is applied to the uncertainty. Simply open the root file, and use TH1: Draw() method
|FEWZ weight distribution used in MC
|Same as 14)
|Same as 14)
|The last plot in the bottom of the macro. Is essentially the same as plots 14-17 but in a compact format.
|Proper histogram needs to be checked in the list called histos. In addition, the root files produced by default are not going to contain proper N-1 filled histograms for the variables used for the selection. So one needs to perform a separate rerun for each variable (suggested to leave this plot for the end).
|Same as 18)
|Figure id
|Macro path
|Same as 18)
|Same as 18)
|Same as 18)
|File needs to be covered to the format expected by the plotting macro
|Same as 18)
|File needs to be covered to the format expected by the plotting macro
|Same as 18)
|File needs to be covered to the format expected by the plotting macro
|Same as 18)
|File needs to be covered to the format expected by the plotting macro
https://github.com/ASvyatkovskiy/DYAnalysis/blob/master/test/EmuBackground/eMuMethod/ calculateEMu*C
There is a group of macros to produce this and a few following plots contained in this folder, the macro names "EE" and "2D" suggest which one is supposed to be used.
In addition, there is flags checking if you prefer to run closure test or otherwise.
|Same as 26)
|Same as 26)
|Same as 26)
|Same as 26)
|Comparison plots, obtained form other analysis notes
|No macro, produced from root file which is produced with the code in the ABCDmethod directory
|Same as 32)
|Produced by electron group
|Needs adjustment of the macro to plot inside the plot.C macro, also adjustment of the legends and input root file paths inside the DY.C in that folder
|Switch the input file names between the electron and muons
|add "_EE" to the file name and change the labels
|The procedure to prepare the scale factors is rather lengthy, but once the FEWZ cross section are available, one can parse them into root file and plot with the .C macros available in the folder (see above tutorial for more details)
|Figure id
|Macro path
|Produced by electron group
|Produced by electron group
|Produced by electron group
|Produced by electron group
|Produced by electron group
|Produced by electron group
|Produced by electron group
|Produced by electron group
|Produced by electron group
|Same as 66)
|Same as 67)
|Style plot. All the macros to prepare this plot are in https://github.com/ASvyatkovskiy/DYAnalysis/tree/master/test/EffCorrAndSys
|Same as 69)
|Produced directly from T&P ntuple, no macro used
|Needs to switch to the acceptance plots in the plot.C and also point to the proper path inside the DY.C
|Needs to switch to the acceptance plots in the plot.C and also point to the proper path inside the DY.C
|Figure id
|Macro path
|There is a switch between 1D and 2D inside the macro
|Macro for ad-hoc dressed lepton studies performed with the MIT ntuple workflow
|Same as 77)
|Same as 77)
|Same as 77)
|Produced directly from T&P ntuple, no macro used
|Produced directly from T&P ntuple, no macro used
|Produced directly from T&P ntuple, no macro used
|Plotted directly from the root file, all the histograms are available there
Plotted directly from the root file: https://github.com/ASvyatkovskiy/DYAnalysis/blob/master/test/Inputs/sys/pdfu_8TeV.root
|Plotted directly from the root file, all the histograms are available there
|Same as 86)
|Same as 86)
|Same as 86)
|Same as 86)
Same as 91)
|Needs to set isShapeR flag properly, that does the switch between the shape R and the absolute cross section inside the macro
|Same as 93)
|Properly set the EE/MuMu or Comb flags, also the shapeR vs absolute cross section
|Figure id
|Macro path
|Same as 93)
|Same as 93)
|Same as 93)
|Plotting macro
|Plotting macro
|Plotting macro
|Plotting macro
|Same as 103)
|Plotting macro
|Plotting macro
|Same as 106)


text:
Meet C.J. Jones
C.J. Jones, coordinator of De Anza's Fitness and Wellness Center, became interested in the fitness industry 20 years ago, when she moved to Mountain View from Pennsylvania and took a De Anza class to become a group exercise instructor.
"That's when I got my start," Jones says. "Although my degree is from the Art Institute of Philadelphia, nothing compares to working with people, and having a background in dance compliments my activities."
Jones is referring to the De Anza Cheer and Dance Team, which she started on campus nine years ago. "Growing up with a mother who believed in doing volunteer work and giving back to your community was my inspiration for the cheer team," she says. Her work with the team is on a volunteer basis.
"Every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, plus any added practices, C.J. stays two or three hours after work to coach the cheer team instead of going home," says Kelley Dallas, De Anza student and member of the team. "She also plans and organizes our events and fills out and keeps track of all of the team paperwork."
Jones says the team is becoming more popular and has better recognition. "In the past I've been able to take the team to three competitions, and I'm planning on taking this year's team to competitions in 2011. The hardest part is working with student schedules. Academics are first, family second, most students are working and also will need to pay for or raise money to cover the cost of their uniforms. When you see students walking around selling See's Candy you can almost count on it being a member of the cheer team," says Jones.
Most recently, Jones and the team walked in the Downtown San Jose Holiday Parade, which has been a tradition for the past six years.


text:
Police are advising all drivers to avoid the A27 in the Shoreham area for rest of today, Saturday (22 August)) following the aircraft crash.
At about 1.20pm the aircraft hit several cars on the A27 just to the north of Shoreham Airport, where an air display is taking place.
The aircraft ended up in a bush.
Police say there have been several casulties but we have no further infromation on these at the moment.
The A27 has been closed n both directions and drivers are asked to avoid the area until further notice.


text:
The y.ahoo.it URL shortener powered by YQL will be shutdown on November 20th 2013 – a URL shortening service is not one of Yahoo!'s core competencies supporting our users' Daily Habits.
As of November 20th, you will not be able to create short URLs using either the form at http://y.ahoo.it or the yahoo.y.ahoo.it YQL table available on the YQL console. The page at http://y.ahoo.it will redirect to http://www.yahoo.com.
Any short links you have already created will continue to redirect to the correct locations. We will provide at least three months notice before making any further changes to the service.


text:
Last night I attended a wonderful party celebrating East meeting West at the beautiful "Crustacean" restaurant. The event was sponsored by Bentley, Rolls Royce, Wells Fargo, Van Cleef & Arpels among others for a first class, star studded night of gourmet appetizers and fine wine.
The House of An and the Promise winery were honored with special thanks as guests enjoyed this wonderful evening. I chatted with the gorgeous Barbi Benton and Carol Conners. Other notable celebrities included, Quincy Jones, Jessica Alba and Terrance Howard who enjoyed Cirque Du Solei performances and Geisha models parading in elaborate costumes on stage.
Crustacean's decor was transformed into a romantic and beautiful lounge with it's tasteful beauty of Asian and American mixed together. I've always loved the food at Crustacean. Gourmet fish sliders, noodles, filet migon and fig and goat cheese tarts were passed around all night.
Personally, I don't think there are many restaurants that can compare with Crustacean in decor and food currently in Beverly Hills. The East meets West theme was in celebration of the "Year of the Horse."
Thanks to the House of An and photographer Julian Jackson for inviting us to this special and exclusive event! I highly recommend checking out this wonderful and unique restaurant for an evening you won't ever forget. Although the food is pricey it's worth experiencing.


text:
Sign In or Create Account to rate.
Dr. Sadie AllisonIn this lighthearted guide, get a pleasant introduction to the world of sex toys,
In this lighthearted guide, get a pleasant introduction to the world of sex toys, inlcuding lubes, dildos, vibrators, anal toys, boy toys and strap-ons. Full of illustrations and a positive attitude toward pleasure seeking, the book lightly covers tips and techniques as well. Though Allison's views on male sexuality come across as a bit oversimplified, it's a nice starting point for beginners curious about sex toys. Heterosexual focus. 2003, 151 pp.
Brand: Tickle Kitty Press
Product Details
Reviews & RatingsRate and Review It
Customer Reviews
Historically, I've been primarily inclined towards clitoral vibrators and maybe even a bit intimidated to broaden my silicone library. That being said, I knew after reading most of Dr. Sadie's other books that it wouldn't be a bad idea to pick up Toygasms and go shopping for silicone.
SO, I didn't leave the house for upwards of 24 hours and managed to unleash a whole new level of powerful orgasms. Not only have I expanded my toy reputuar, but I've also improved my sex life by introducing toys to my relationship.
Dr. Sadie Allison's Toy Gasms is a great book I have read many instructional sex books and they all seem to say the same but this one has so many new tips and fun advise I am going to have lots of fun with this one. This book is not only for couples it has amazing tips for everyone from self pleasure to gay and lesbian tips anyone can get something from this book . Another plus for this book is that it's not only tips for toys but things you can find around your house and using furniture in ways you would never think of.
If you are looking for some new ideas for your favorite toy this is the book you want it is very detailed and most pages have Pictures to help show you how to do it right. I would say the only bad part about the book it the fact that you may want to get more toys to try out more tips oh wait that's not such a bad thing. It is great for toy beginners starting for where and how to start to follow up.
Sign In or Create Account to save favorites.
You have reached the favorite limit. You will need to delete some to save favorites.