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|"Are you a wizard or not?"
The title of this article is conjectural. Although it is based on canonical information, the actual name is a conjecture and may be supplanted at any time by additional information released from canonical sources. If this occurs, please move this page to the appropriate title.
Hermione Granger owned a pencil case to keep her quills and writing equipment in, while at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.
On 20 December, 1996, after Ronald Weasley made fun of Hermione during a Transfiguration lesson, she raced out of the classroom; heading to The Girl's Bathroom on the verge of tears. Harry Potter later took her things to her, and she wiped her eyes on the pencil case.[1]
- Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (First appearance)
Notes and references
- ↑ Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Chapter 15 (The Unbreakable Vow)


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Palladium prices PA1Z, down about 18% year-to-date, could find some support as Russia's strategic reserves of the metal wind down.
Russia, the largest producer of palladium, has been selling off reserves -- built up over the Soviet era -- into the global market. The amount of reserves for palladium, which like platinum is both viewed as an industrial and precious metal, has been a state secret, and its sales have been a wild card for palladium investors. But late last month, an unnamed official in the Ministry of Finance told Russian business news agency Prime-Tass that stockpiles at the state-run precious metals repository – Gokhran – were becoming depleted, making 2011 the last Russia makes any substantial deliveries from the stockpile. Go to Gokhran's website (translated)
Anton Berlin, marketing director at Moscow-based Norilsk Nickel NILSY, the world's biggest producer of palladium and nickel, said fewer sales from Russian stockpiles should tighten supplies in the palladium market, which operated at a slight surplus this year.
"With the stockpile deliveries depleting, we would move into a statistical deficit. This doesn't mean that we will not have the metal available for the consumers, but we will have a tighter market," the Moscow-based metals director said in a video interview with MarketWatch in San Francisco Friday. Watch full interview.
A recent slide in platinum and palladium prices, which sent platinum below gold prices for the first time since the post-Lehman Brothers slump in 2008 and compares to a 25% year-to-date rally in gold, was likely more due to "overall markets and the financial sector, with the heavy disinvestment and running for cash" -- in other words, investors cashing out of their liquid metals holdings to cover increased stock margin calls or fund redemptions. Global equities fell sharply in August and September.
Net inflows into palladium exchanged traded products – which include the U.S.-traded ETFS Physical Palladium Shares PALL and the EFTS Physical Precious Metals Basket Shares GLTR, dropped in August and September, according to data from ETF Securities.
Industrial demand "remains solid and robust," Berlin added. The automotive sector absorb about two-thirds of the world's production of palladium, which is used in automotive catalytic converters. (Some 17% ends up in electronics, such as smart phones). The auto sector is "doing fine, there's an increase in production and consumption," said Berlin. "We will believe this trend will continue, especially with countries like India and China increasing their car fleet."
On Monday, platinum for January delivery PLF12 rallied $28.70, or 1.8%, to $1,658 an ounce. Palladium for December delivery added $6.60, or 1%, to $661.90 an ounce. Gold for December delivery GC1Z rose $35, or 2%, to $1,791.10 an ounce. Read more on gold and palladium prices in Monday's Metals Stocks column.
-- Laura Mandaro

subset: commoncrawl


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Name: Sonu Niigaam Born 30/07/1973 Faridabad, Haryana, India - Location: Mumbai India - The Most Versatile Asian Vocalist Playback Singer, Pop Artist Stage Concert Live Performer, Actor, Radio Jockey, Music Director, Lyricist, Composer, TV Presenter Judge On Music/TV Show Shows
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Spring is here, which means the grass is greening up, the neighbors have gotten antsy and started planting already, baby calves are racing through the pasture and kids are ready to start working on their show-calf projects for the summer. Without a doubt, this is one of my favorite times of the year, and it goes without saying, it's also an incredibly busy time for farmers and ranchers.
Despite our busy schedules, it's time to celebrate the great things we do as producers to be good stewards of the land and caregivers to the animals. That's why the BEEF Daily Baby Calf Photo Contest was launched. It's my hope that consumers will stop by to view the photo album of baby calves and experience the joys of calving season with all of us. Have you sent your calf photo yet? Shoot me an email at firstname.lastname@example.com by April 21, 2010 to enter. After the deadline, judges will be selecting the top 10 for you, the readers, to vote on! View the complete album here, and share it with your friends!
Now, I'm no agriculture economist, but prices have sure looked good the last couple weeks, haven't they? Maybe it's my youthful enthusiasm. Maybe it's the fact that I'm getting married this year and making plans to expand our family's operation with my husband-to-be. Maybe it's the sunny weather and the baby calves. I'm not sure what it is, but I'm feeling pretty optimistic these days about the future of the beef industry.
What's your take on the state of the industry today? Will these good prices last as beef demand rises during grilling season? Will consumers pay the higher prices in the meat case? Will things start turning around for this struggling economy? Of course, you can share your thoughts in the comments section below, but you can also vote in the latest BEEF poll on the home page. Head there and answer this question: When do you think cattle prices will return to pre-recession levels? So far, 46% have the same optimism as me and say prices will improve this year. What do you think? Vote today!


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Britney Spears Brings Family on Stage at Final 'Femme Fatale' Show
That's a wrap. Britney Spears closed out her global Femme Fatale tour in Puerto Rico on Saturday (Dec. 9) and she did so in grand, Brit Brit style. The singer shared the spotlight with her boyfriend, her kids and tour mate DJ Pauly D, who received a signature 'Lace and Leather' lap dance.
Huffington Post posted photos of the final, family affair show, where Brit brought her two sons, Sean Preston and Jayden James, on stage, along with her boyfriend Jason Trawick, for a little celebratory dancing.
Brit, who turned 30 on Dec. 2, was wearing a pink jeweled bikini top, fishnet stockings and bedazzled jean shorts that were of the Daisy Duke length. She was mommy-as-pop-star, and she flashed a smile while her sons each protected their ears with headphones and ear plugs. Brit is a good mom, looking after her boys' hearing at her shows.
Brit also gave a lap dance to DJ Pauly D of 'Jersey Shore' fame, who has been on tour with Brit Brit. Even though Brit was behind him with her legs wrapped around him, she was careful not to mess up his flawless coif. A few weeks ago, the singer plucked a fan from the crowd for a little bumpin' and grindin' and he bit her calf. We're glad to see she didn't cut the lap dance segment from her set.
Now that Brit's tour is over, she can head back to the U.S. to enjoy the holidays with her fam. Rumor has it that Trawick, her co-star in the super sexy 'Criminal' video, is planning to pop the question to the twice-married Brit.
Watch Britney Spears Dance With Her Family on Stage
Watch Britney Spears Give Pauly D a Lap Dance


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Continual coverage of the trial of Drew Peterson for the murder of his third wife, Kathleen Savio.
5:30 p.m. Testimony concludes for day
Testimony from Mary Case, a St. Louis County medical examiner who was the only witness in the trial today, has concluded and court is done for the day.
3:20 p.m. 'It is a homicide'
The state's final question to St. Louis County Medical Examiner Mary Case during its direct examination was whether she had an opinion on the manner of death.
"I do," Case said. "My opinion is that it is a homicide, meaning that some other person did it."
3:10 p.m. 'I hope they like to walk'
After yet another sidebar, the jury was led out of the courtroom. A few minutes later, Judge Edward Burmila asked that the bailiff bring the jury back.
"I hope they like to walk," he muttered as the bailiff left the room.
2:20 p.m. Fall wouldn't have knocked out Savio
Medical examiner Mary Case said that it was her opinion that a fall in the tub would not have rendered Kathleen Savio unconscious.
Rapid acceleration of the brain within the skull can cause a diffuse brain injury resulting in concussions, loss of consciousness or death. These injuries are common in car accidents.
In Savio's case, she could not have fallen fast enough to cause her to hit her head hard enough to knock herself out, Case said.
"It's not the type of force we would see from a standing position, falling in a tub and striking the head," she said. "That is not enough significant force to produce a diffuse brain injury."
2 p.m. Cut on Savio's head focus of testimony
Testimony in the Drew Peterson trial resumed this afternoon with St. Louis County Medical Examiner Mary Case.
Case testified that the blow to the back Kathleen Savio's head was not forceful enough to damage the layers of tissue between the skin and the skull.
"It did not penetrate the galea, it did not damage the bone," she said. "It was, you know, whatever force was enough to just damage the skin."
11:55 a.m. More starts and stops for trial
The defense objected to State's Attorney James Glasgow asking medical examiner Mary Case if Dr. Bryan Mitchell, who performed the original autopsy on Kathleen Savio in 2004, offered any manner of death.
Judge Edward Burmila ordered the jury out, and the defense argued that Mitchell was not authorized to determine anything more than cause of death.
Glasgow argued that Mitchell, who noted that Savio's head wound may have been the result of a fall, did not say whether her death was accidental or otherwise. He wanted Case to testify that Mitchell's "unfortunate" and "half-baked" assumption would not meet the standard needed for manner of death.
Burmila said Case could say whether Mitchell listed a manner of death, but prosecutors could not ask whether she had an opinion about what Mitchell thought about how Savio died.
The jury was brought back in, and Glasgow complied with the judge's order, but the defense objected again within seconds and the jury was led out again.
The defense argued it's improper to lead the jury to believe Mitchell erred in not listing a manner of death, since at that time such determinations were made by a coroner's jury.
The trial is on a lunch break until 1:15 p.m.
11:25 a.m. Judge will tell jury to ignore names
Judge Edward Burmila said he would allow Medical Examiner Mary Case to return to the stand after he instructs the jury to ignore the names she mentioned earlier.
11 a.m. Judge halts trial yet again
Just minutes into Medical Examiner Mary Case's testimony, the trial ground to a halt as the judge stopped her in mid-sentence and asked that the jury be led out of the courtroom.
At issue was Case's testimony that she reviewed reports and statements about the Savio case from witnesses who have been or will be called, as well as similar documents from people the state does not intend to call or whose testimony was barred.
"So now the doctor has advised the jury that she has reviewed the sworn testimony from people this jury will never hear from," Burmila said. "And what are we going to do about that?"
The defense, which did not raise an objection, seized the opportunity to argue that the state erred in allowing Case to mention the names of the barred or un-called witnesses.
"It would be entirely inappropriate for her to comment on any of those things, particularly at this point," Peterson attorney Darryl Goldberg said.
The trial recessed for the state to try locate case law showing other instances where an expert witness has been allowed to talk about the findings of witnesses who were not themselves called to testify.
Judge Edward Burmila has stopped the trial several times, frustrating some jurors. The trial was put on hold three times previously so Burmila could consider whether to declare a mistrial after prosecution errors.
10:30 a.m. Medical examiner takes the stand
The first witness of the day isSt. LouisCounty Medical Examiner Mary Case, a prosecution expert on what renders people unconscious.
10 a.m. Judge allows hit man testimony
Judge Edward Burmila will allow testimony about Drew Peterson's alleged attempt to hire a hit man to kill his wife because it shows the former Bolingbrook police sergeant's possible intent. The prosecution, however, cannot argue that Peterson tried to put a hit on his third wife, Kathleen Savio, only that the testimony show he wanted her dead, Burmila said.
The ruling clears the way for Jeff Pachter to take the stand at some point this week. Pachter, who once worked with Peterson at his side job as cable outfitter, is expected to testify that the former Bolingbrook police sergeant offered him $25,000 to hire a hit man to kill Savio in late 2003, just a few months before her death.
The prosecution initially had been chastised for mentioning the possible hit man testimony during opening statements because the state had not notified the defense of its plans to use it. Last week, Burmila ruled that the prosecution did not understand the law and therefore could file a late notice to have the witness testify.
9:15 a.m. Investigator due on stand
Witnesses on the list for today are Illinois State Police investigator Bryan Falat and forensic neuropathologist Mary Case.
Falat was one of the officers who investigated Kathleen Savio's death in 2004. Falat has testified previously that he believed the initial investigation was inadequate.
6:45 a.m. 2 key witnesses could testify
The Drew Peterson trial enters its fourth week of testimony Tuesday with prosecutors hoping to call two potentially powerful witnesses.
Both the Rev. Neil Schori and Jeff Pachter, a former Peterson co-worker, could take the stand this week if their appearances survive challenges from the defense.
Prosecutors want to call Schori to testify that Peterson's missing fourth wife, Stacy, told him during a pastoral counseling session that she saw her husband return home late, dressed in black and carrying a bag of women's clothing, not long before his third wife, Kathleen Savio, was found dead. His testimony is critical to the prosecution because another witness who said he heard a similar story from Stacy Peterson was not allowed to testify last week because of missteps by the state.
Schori's account would be the strongest piece of evidence prosecutors have introduced so far that could show Drew Peterson behaved suspiciously the weekend Savio died. No physical evidence or eyewitness account ties him to the alleged murder, which a coroner's jury initially ruled was an accident.
Peterson's attorneys long have sought to bar Schori from the trial, but Judge Edward Burmila has ruled that marital privilege does not apply to his testimony because Stacy Peterson was relaying what she saw, not what she heard. Burmila has indicated that he still must decide whether the testimony is relevant to the case.
Prosecutors also will try to persuade the judge to allow Pachter to take the stand. Pachter, who once worked with Drew Peterson at his side job as cable outfitter, is expected to testify that the former Bolingbrook police sergeant offered him $25,000 to hire a hit man to kill Savio in late 2003, just a few months before her death.
Peterson, 58, is charged with killing Savio, 40, who was found dead in a dry bathtub March 1, 2004. Officials initially ruled the death an accidental drowning, but after Stacy Peterson disappeared three years later, authorities reopened Savio's case and determined she had been killed.
Drew Peterson has not been charged in Stacy Peterson's disappearance, though he remains a suspect. He denies wrongdoing in both cases.
Prosecutors still have about a dozen witnesses remaining, and it's possible they could rest by week's end. However, given the slow-moving nature of the trial, it's possible the state's case could continue into a fifth week.
Twitter: @stacystclair


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The latest company to take its product to the people is American Legend Aircraft Co., which plans a tour of its new Legend Cub.
The demonstration tour begins at Missouri's St. Charles County Airport, Smart Field, June 10-11, which coincides with the EAA's Sport Pilot tour. Next stop is June 17-18 at Venago Regional Airport (FKL) in Franklin, Penna., then on to Frederick, Md., where, on June 20, the Light Aircraft Manufacturers Association will hold a meeting at AOPA's headquarters. Next stop is June 22 at the 20th Annual Sentimental Journey To Cub Haven Fly-In at the historic William T. Piper Memorial Airport in Lock Haven, Penna. Then it's on to Oshkosh, where the Legend Cub will exhibit for the first time during AirVenture, which is slated from July 25-31.


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Uriah was born on Cape Cod in 1892. His mother was Maggie Fisk, the adopted daughter of Uriah Benedict Fisk, a greatly respected retired sea captain who was a philanthropist and an astute businessman, well known and successful. Uriah's father, Clarence was a nurse, an unusual profession for a man in present day, to say nothing of a century ago. Clarence was the son of several generations of sea captains and fishermen, but apparently decided not to go into the family business. We have a few pictures of Uriah and some clippings from newspapers I found on line that tell us a little something about Uriah who died in 1977.
In a republican community it is of little importance to a man whether his ancestor who died three centuries ago was of noble or ignoble blood, because he is mainly indebted to himself for the character he sustains in life, and he may say with the poet,
"Go if your ancient but ignoble blood
Has crept through scoundrels ever since the flood;
Go, and pretend your family is young,
Now own your fathers have been fools so long."1
I am not sure who the poet is who is quoted here, but I find it kind of ironic that the author chose it because he writes about Sir Sackville Crow of Llanherne (don't you love that name, too?) had at one time been a Baronet. And, in fact, if nobility is unimportant to those of us living in a republic, why is it then that the first thing people wonder about when they are researching their familiesis if there is royalty in their ancestry? The second thing they usually wonder about is whether there are any horse thieves in the tree. Personally, I find the horse thieves much more interesting.
But Uriah was neither a horse thief nor a Baronet, from what we know. He was just an ordinary fellow from a small Cape Cod town where life could be hard sometimes but where he was surrounded by family and friends he'd known all his life. I found a small paragraph about his graduation from High school in 1910. Here is a complete list of the graduating class:
Gladys L. Darling
Violet G. Wilson
Viola F. Eldridge
Uriah B. F. Crowell
He was just a guy whose parents really never went too far from the Cape, nor did he, with one exception. After graduating and spending some time as a fisherman, World War I broke out, and Uriah went into the army, training at Fort Devens in Ayer, MA sometime in the spring of 1917. An article in the Hyannis Patriot, December 24, 1917 tells us that Uriah had returned to Devens after being "ill at home since Thanksgiving."
Several other articles over the next few months mention that he was visiting his parents, along with 3 other local boys over a weekend, and another account places him on the Army's "Honor Role".
Just like any 20 something kid, I am sure he was told by his mother or his father that his Grandmother missed him and worried about him. A postcard sent to Uriah's grandmother, Mary Chapman Crowell, is one of Ed's family treasures.
|"Am well and having a good time. Uriah"
As far as I can tell, being at Devens, Uriah would have been part of the 76th Division. I know he was assigned to Co. H 302d Infantry. The 76th was the first division at Devens and the first one formed to train civilians in the draft for the war. Almost all of the men from the 76th were from New England, although there were also a few from New York. Some units went to France, as did Uriah's, in the summer of 1918. The 76th was broken up soon after it arrived over there and it was reorganized as a "depot division" training and supplying men to replace combat troops at the front. 2
Just now as I was researching these infantry division numbers and the history behind them for today's blog I was thinking how my Grandfather Leslie Hall, who lived in New York, had been in WWI and had gone to France as well, probably just about the same time.
|Leslie C Hall as a teenager, shortly before going into WWI
Digging a little deeper, and having my Grandfather's discharge papers to refer to, I find that he was in the 151st Depot Brigade. The 151st Depot Brigade was comprised of several companies, including Uriah's 302nd. They were both in France at the same time in the same Brigade. I know there were thousands upon thousands there, but discovering that still gave me goosebumps.
I have no knowledge of Uriah's military achievements. Ed knows more, I am sure, and perhaps he'll add a comment for us here. But learning just a little about both of our Grandfathers' roles in the war as well as so many others in our families' histories who served our country during every war since the American Revolution makes me realize they are all heros just for going. And they are, in more ways than one, responsible for the lives we live today.
|Uriah in France, 1918
Uriah did come home after the war. And we find him again at home on Cape Cod in 1920, a carpenter, living with his folks, Maggie and Clarence, the nurse, and his 80 year old Grandmother Mary. I know she was so happy, relieved and proud to have him back home where he belonged.
1John Crowe and His Descendants, Levi Crowell Link: http://www.archive.org/stream/johncrowehisdesc00crow#page/n5/mode/2up
2 Born for War http://76thdivision.com/WRF/w-r-f_005.html


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We did have a WordPress site here but it had very little content and even then was out of date so it didn't matter about moving it when we moved servers.
The Staffordshire Linux User Group was formed in 1999 by Dave Roberts and Mark Leese and is currently undergoing a shake up of added locations to have meetings, volunteer involvement in its running and new ideas to achieve our goals.
Please visit this web site soon, we hope to have something more by at the latest the middle of February.
The mailing list should be up again very shortly, just in the process of piecing it back together now.


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Today's soup
with toasted rustic bread (V)
(ve) option available
This year our Festive Menu runs from 26th November until 29th December (excluding Christmas Day and Boxing Day, when different extra-special set menus are available instead).
From just £16.95, we've an array of tasty treats for you to choose from such as our luxurious Duck & Port Parfait, our delicious Pan-Fried Sea Bass Fillets with mussels and clams, and our heart-warming Damson & Gin Bakewell Tart.
And don't forget, we've a wonderful range of Drinks Packages available at special prices exclusively when you pre-order – the perfect way to make your Festive occasion extra special.


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In this post, I'll show how to turn the Geometry of Interaction construction --- a model of linear logic --- into a runnable Ocaml code. . The basic idea behind this paper is that we can view higher-order behavior, as a disciplined mode of use of a first-order language with recursion --- basically, if you fix a calling convention, then you can compile first-class functions directly and compositionally into a first-order program.
This is interesting because there are a lot of combinator libraries out there which can be seen as DSLs with a natural notion of "first-order program", but which lack a good notion of "higher-order program". (For example, most Haskell libraries based on arrows qualify.) As a programming model, this is very unsatisfying, since this restriction basically says that the author of the library can build interesting abstractions, but clients of the library can't. Wouldn't it be nice if there were a systematic way to turn any first-order language (with a bit of structure) into a higher-order one?
That's exactly what the G construction (also called the Int construction) does. It says that if you have a first-order language with sequential and parallel composition, plus feedback, then you've really got a higher-order language. Stated more formally, in categorical jargon, it says that there is a way of constructing a monoidal closed category from any symmetric monoidal category with a trace operator. (Monoidal products mean parallel composition, categories give you sequential composition, and trace is how category theorists pronounce recursion.)
Instead of giving the categorical derivation, I'll work very concretely, following the same example Abramsky gave in his classic paper Retracing Some Paths in Process Algebra.
First, let's get some Ocaml preliminaries out of the way. I'm just defining function composition and empty and sum types, and their operations. These should really be in the Ocaml Pervasives environment, but they aren't. The Haskell prelude is nicer in this regard.
let ($) f g x = f (g x) type ('a,'b) sum = Inl of 'a | Inr of 'b let inl x = Inl x let inr y = Inr y let case f g = function Inl x -> f x | Inr y -> g y let sum f g = case (inl $ f) (inr $ g) let swap v = case inr inl v type zero = Void of zero let rec abort (Void v) = abort v
Our running example will come from dataflow and visual programming languages like Simulink. These languages have a model of programming in which you have a bunch of stateful components (adders, multipliers, accumulators), which are connected together by means of wires. This is naturally a first-order formalism, in that it really only makes sense to send data over the wires --- you can't send components over the wire. One way of modeling these kinds of stateful components is by means of resumptions.
A resumption from $I$ (read "input") to $O$ (read "output") is essentially an element of the solution to the domain equation $R = I \to (O \times R)$. You can think of a gadget of this type as something which takes an input, and then gives you an output, plus a new resumption to use on the next input. So it's a bit like a state machine, but formulated in such a way that you don't have to give an explicit state set. It's easy to turn this domain equation into a recursive ML type:
module Resumption = struct type ('i,'o) r = R of ('i -> 'o * ('i,'o) r)
The identity resumption just echoes its input as its output.
(* val id : ('a, 'a) r *) let rec id = R(fun x -> (x, id))
To compose two resumptions $f$ and $g$, we just feed an input into $f$, and take $f$'s output as the input into $g$.
(* val ( >> ) : ('a, 'b) r -> ('b, 'c) r -> ('a, 'c) r *) let rec (>>) (R f) (R g) = R(fun x -> let (y, f') = f x in let (z, g') = g y in (z, f' >> g'))
Note that with composition, we have a category $R$, the category of resumptions. The objects are types, a morphisms $f : I \to O$ is a resumption taking $I$ inputs and producing $O$ outputs.
This category is also "monoidal closed", with the tensor product $A \otimes C$ getting defined as the sum type $A + C$. The intuition is that if we think of $A$ and $C$ as message types, we may want to consider how to react to $A$ and $C$ messages simultaneously. In particular, if we have two machines $f : A \to B$ and $g : C \to D$, we can combine them by taking an $A+C$ message and dispatching to either $f$ or $g$ respectively.
(* val ( ** ) : ('a, 'b) r -> ('c, 'd) r -> (('a, 'c) sum, ('b, 'd) sum) r *) let rec ( ** ) (R f) (R g) = R(function | Inl x -> let (y, f') = f x in (inl y, f' ** (R g)) | Inr x -> let (y, g') = g x in (inr y, (R f) ** g'))
We can also implement feedback --- if we have an $f : A \otimes B \to C \otimes B$, then we can construct a map $A \to C$ by feeding $f$ the $A$, and repeatedly sending the output back into the input until $f$ coughs up a $C$ rather than a $B$:
(* val trace : (('a, 'b) sum, ('c, 'b) sum) r -> ('a, 'c) r *) let rec trace f = R(fun a -> let rec loop (R f) v = match f v with | (Inl c, f') -> (c, trace f') | (Inr b, f') -> loop f' (inr b) in loop f (inl a))
Now, we can also implement various associativity and commutativity properties. The names are not particularly great (they are just the standard names for the natural transformations associated with a tensor product in category theory), but all the real action is in the types.
(* val sym : (('a, 'b) sum, ('b, 'a) sum) r *) let rec sym = R(fun v -> (swap v, sym)) (* val rho : (('a, zero) sum, 'a) r *) let rec rho : (('a,zero) sum, 'a) r = R(function | Inl a -> (a, rho) | Inr z -> abort z) (* val rho' : ('a, ('a, zero) sum) r *) let rec rho' : ('a, ('a, zero) sum) r = R(fun a -> (inl a, rho')) (* val lambda : ((zero, 'a) sum, 'a) r *) let rec lambda : ((zero,'a) sum, 'a) r = R(function | Inl z -> abort z | Inr a -> (a, lambda)) (* val lambda' : ('a, (zero, 'a) sum) r *) let rec lambda' : ('a, (zero, 'a) sum) r = R(fun a -> (inr a, lambda')) (* val alpha : ((('a, 'b) sum, 'c) sum, ('a, ('b, 'c) sum) sum) r *) let rec alpha : ((('a,'b) sum, 'c) sum, ('a, ('b,'c) sum) sum) r = R(function | Inl (Inl a) -> (inl a, alpha) | Inl (Inr b) -> (inr (inl b), alpha) | Inr c -> (inr (inr c), alpha)) (* val alpha' : (('a, ('b, 'c) sum) sum, (('a, 'b) sum, 'c) sum) r *) let rec alpha' : (('a, ('b,'c) sum) sum, (('a,'b) sum, 'c) sum) r = R(function | Inl a -> (inl (inl a), alpha') | Inr (Inl b) -> (inl (inr b), alpha') | Inr (Inr c) -> (inr c, alpha')) end
Now, we give the G construction in terms of the resumption module we've just defined. In the G construction, we build a new category $G(R)$ from the old one we've just defined. The basic idea here is to talk about bidirectional communication, and so for objects in our new category $G$ will be pairs of objects from our old one.
Objects of $G$ will be pairs $(A^+, A^-)$, where you can think of $A^+$ as a type of messages sent out, and the type $A^-$ as the type of messages that are accepted.
A morphisms of $G$, $f : (A^+,A^-) \to (B^+, B^-)$ will be resumption of type $A^+ \otimes B^- \to A^- \otimes B^+$. Note that the polarities of $A$ and $B$ are flipped in this mapping -- we are transforming $A$ messages out to $B$ messages out, and we need to accept $B$ messages in order to transform them into $A$ messages in.
module G = struct open Resumption
Now, let's define the type of morphisms in $G(R)$. Since we don't have type-level pairing in ML, we end up having four type parameters. We use a dummy
G constructor to get the type system to produce more useful inferred types.
type ('aplus, 'aminus, 'bplus, 'bminus) map = G of (('aplus, 'bminus) sum, ('aminus, 'bplus) sum) r
The identity map in $G(R)$ is just the symmetry map in $R$.
let gid = G symComposition is trickier. If we have a map $f : (A^+,A^-) \to (B^+, B^-)$ and $g : (B^+,B^-) \to (C^+,C^-)$, we can compose it by feeding $f$'s $B$-output into $g$'s input, and vice-versa, using the trace operator. It's best visualized with the following diagram:
Actually doing so requires applying the associativity and commutativity properties of sum types $A + B \simeq B + A$ and $(A + B) + C \simeq A + (B + C)$.
let rec assoc : ((('aplus,'cminus) sum, ('bminus,'bplus) sum) sum, (('aplus, 'bminus) sum, ('bplus, 'cminus) sum) sum) r = R(function | Inl (Inl aplus) -> (inl (inl aplus), assoc) | Inl (Inr cminus) -> (inr (inr cminus), assoc) | Inr (Inl bminus) -> (inl (inr bminus), assoc) | Inr (Inr bplus) -> (inr (inl bplus), assoc)) let rec assoc2 : ((('aminus, 'bplus) sum, ('bminus, 'cplus) sum) sum, (('aminus, 'cplus) sum, ('bminus, 'bplus) sum) sum) r = R(function | Inl (Inl aminus) -> (inl (inl aminus), assoc2) | Inr (Inr cplus) -> (inl (inr cplus), assoc2) | Inl (Inr bplus) -> (inr (inr bplus), assoc2) | Inr (Inl bminus) -> (inr (inl bminus), assoc2)) (* val gcompose : ('a, 'b, 'c, 'd) map -> ('c, 'd, 'e, 'f) map -> ('a, 'b, 'e, 'f) map *) let gcompose (G f) (G g) = G (trace (assoc >> (f ** g) >> assoc2))
Once we have composition, we can define a tensor product on the $G(R)$ category as well, so that $(A^+,A^-) \oplus (B^+,B^-) = (A^+ + B^+, A^- + B^-)$. Again, implementing the functorial action requires implementing the associativity maps.
(* (A+, A-) * (X+, X-) = (A+ + X+, A- + A-) f : A+ + B- -> A- + B+ g : X+ + Y- -> X- + Y+ f ** g : (A+ + B-) + (X+ + Y-) -> (A- + B+) + (X- + Y+) r : (A+ + X+) + (B- + Y-) -> (A+ + B-) + (X+ + Y-) r' : (A- + B+) + (X- + Y+) -> (A- + X-) + (B+ + Y+) *) (* val ( + ) : ('a, 'b, 'c, 'd) map -> ('e, 'f, 'g, 'h) map -> (('a, 'e) sum, ('b, 'f) sum, ('c, 'g) sum, ('d, 'h) sum) map *) let (+) (G f) (G g) = let rec r = R(function | Inl (Inl aplus) -> (inl (inl aplus), r) | Inl (Inr xplus) -> (inr (inl xplus), r) | Inr (Inl bminus) -> (inl (inr bminus), r) | Inr (Inr yminus) -> (inr (inr yminus), r)) in let rec r' = R(function | Inl (Inl aminus) -> (inl (inl aminus), r') | Inl (Inr bplus) -> (inr (inl bplus), r') | Inr (Inl xminus) -> (inl (inr xminus), r') | Inr (Inr yplus) -> (inr (inr yplus), r')) in G (r >> f ** g >> r')
One cool thing about this category (which leads to the coolest fact about it) is that it naturally supports a dualization, which sends $(A^+,A^-)^\ast \triangleq (A^-,A^+)$. This also has an action on morphisms, which flips around the direction, so that from $f : (A^+,A^-) \to (B^+,B^-)$ we can get $f^\ast : (B^+,B^-)^\ast \to (A^+,A^-)^\ast$.
(* val dualize : ('a, 'b, 'c, 'd) map -> ('d, 'c, 'b, 'a) map *) let dualize (G (R f)) = let rec dual f = R(fun v -> let (v', f') = f (swap v) in (swap v', dual f)) in G (dual f)
Now, here's what I consider the neatest fact about the Int construction -- it turns a traced monoidal category into a monoidal closed category. So we can define the linear exponential $(A^+,A^-) \multimap (B^+,B^-) \triangleq (A^+,A^-)^\ast \otimes (B^+,B^-)$.
(* Here's a bit of unrolling type definitions to make things easier to grok. (A+, A-) -o (B+, B-) = (A+, A-)* * (B+, B-) = (A-, A+) * (B+, B-) = (A- + B+, A+ + B-) Hom((A+,A-) * (B+,B-), (C+, C-)) = Hom((A+ + B+, A- + B-), (C+, C-)) = ((A+, B+) sum, (A- + B-) sum, C+, C-) map = (((A+, B+) sum, C+) sum, ((A- + B-) sum, C-) sum) r Hom((A+,A-), (B+,B-) -o (C+,C-)) = Hom((A+,A-), (B- + C+, B+ + C-)) = (A+, A-, (B-, C+) sum, (B+, C-) sum) map = ((A+, (B+, C-) sum) sum, (A-, (B-, C+) sum) sum) r *) (* val curry : (('a, 'b) sum, ('c, 'd) sum, 'e, 'f) map -> ('a, 'c, ('d, 'e) sum, ('b, 'f) sum) map *) let curry (G f) = let rec curry (R f) = R(fun v -> let (v', f') = f (case (inl $ inl) (case (inl $ inr) inr) v) in let v'' = case (case inl (inr $ inl)) (inr $ inr) v' in (v'', curry f')) in G(curry f) (* val uncurry : ('a, 'b, ('c, 'd) sum, ('e, 'f) sum) map -> (('a, 'e) sum, ('b, 'c) sum, 'd, 'f) map *) let uncurry (G f) = let rec uncurry (R f) = R(fun v -> let (v', f') = f (case (case inl (inr $ inl)) (inr $ inr) v) in let v'' = case (inl $ inl) (case (inl $ inr) inr) v' in (v'', uncurry f')) in G (uncurry f) end
The ML types for
curry and
uncurry somewhat
obscure the fact that they implement the isomorphism
$$\mathrm{Hom}((A^+,A^-) \otimes (B^+,B^-), (C^+,C^-)) \simeq
\mathrm{Hom}((A^+,A^-), (B^+,B^-) \multimap (C^+,C^-))$$
However, now that we have this isomorphism, it's possible to compile arbitrary lambda-terms in multiplicative linear logic down into compositions of resumptions. But that's a story for another post!
In the meantime, if this intrigues you, you can play with the Verity compiler by Dan Ghica and his students, as well as the IntML compiler by Ulrich Schöpp and Ugo Dal Lago, both of which are compilers using the GoI interpretation. Verity is aimed at distributed computing, and IntML is a programming language whose type system allows you to write only (and all) the LOGSPACE programs. As you can see, there are a lot of potential applications...


text:
8 inches x 11 inches
Kuretake Black Ink on Bristol Board paper 28ogsm.
Artist Bio
Tatum Flynn is a writer and artist who lives by the sea in England with a cat called Friday and too many hats.
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May 02, 2018
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Respiratory System Unlabeled Diagram
Diagrams are very frequently used to explain reasoning processes. EU-funded scientists have investigated why diagrams are successfully used to convey information and support reasoning. Some experiments were carried out to evaluate the inferential power of the use of diagrams. It is found that drawings, namely graphs and sketches, improved someone performance when she was answering questions involving visuospatial reasoning about non-manipulable objects. The scientists, therefore, concluded that the use of images in education should be seriously scrutinized.
Sometimes words are not the most effective way to communicate. Using graphs, diagrams and charts can help your reader to get a clearer picture of your research findings and how they compare with other data.
Diagrams are commonly consists of lines, and used to explain how a machine works. You can reduce long explanations to simple charts or diagrams. To diagram something means to draw a diagram of it or to explain it using a diagram.
A diagram is a symbolic representation of information that refers to some visualization technique. Diagrams have been used since ancient times but became more prevalent during the Enlightenment. In the way it presented, the technique uses a three-dimensional visualization which is then projected onto a two-dimensional surface.
The most frequently used diagrams in software development are: Use Case diagrams, Class diagrams, and Sequence diagrams. The others are Activity Diagram, Use Case Diagram, Interaction Overview Diagram, State Machine UML diagram, Sequence UML Diagram, Class Diagram, Object Diagram, Component Diagram.
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A detailed structure of Human Respiratory system along with its components and its working. For more such videos, please subscribe to our channel.


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Character name: Dredd/Twilight's hammer
Desired class/spec:Windwalker Monk
Role breakdown: I am a melee dps with high mobility. WW is at time a spec which is not very competitive in pure single target encounters but is doing really well on fights with cleave and very usefull when burst aoe is needed taking down priority adds. When it comes to aoe rotation it is not very complex i only have to position myself properly. Maintaining the highest possible single target dps requires knowledge of the priority in which i use my abilities, basicly its pressing the most spells on cooldown. Finally we got decent self healing.
Raiding experience: Im fairly new to raiding i started late nighthold took a break and now i managed to get 9/9 Hc ToS.
Mechanics quiz: Triliax: On Triliax my mission is to have high uptime on boss and usually the leader assigns the melee to soak the cakes near boss and the cakes far away are soaked from the ranged group. When i see a cake i eat it and i try not to die from annihilation (beam).
References: Monk Discord/Warcraft logs/Peak of Serenity
Expectations: Im looking to test myself on more challenging content improve and finally contribute to the guild's cause.
Additional information: My name is greg im 23 years old greek. I like Hip Hop music and at my free time playing basketball with friends. I am a really sociable person and i would like to join your guild hoping that we can have fun and enjoy the game.


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For this entire week 3/2 - 3/8, travel expert Beth Whitman will be answering questions in our forum about budget traveling and cost-conscious dining! As the founder and editor of t
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[Manga] Naruto Chapter 626 Discussion Thread
Welcome to the weekly manga chapter discussion thread. This thread is created early to discuss spoilers and speculation about the upcoming chapter as well as discussion of said chapter once it has been released.
As per the forums rules, please don't ask for or mention about where to download the (licensed) manga. Also remember not to post or link to any translations of the manga, since this is illegal as well. Posting a synopses or summary is fine (and welcome) but please do not discuss scans, raws, translation groups, etc. Additionally, if you are posting someone else's synopsis (or their translation of a synopsis), then please provide credit were credit is due.
Remember that the manga is licensed, do not post significant parts of the chapter. This stands for pictures and direct translations. Summaries are OK, crops of pictures are OK as well if you want to illustrate your point but this is it.
Spoilers are released.
And so, the flashback in a flashback, in a flashback of a flashback ends, as Hashirama concludes his tale.
I think it's safe to say how serious mangahelpers took this whole flashback arc, or the war in general: http://mangahelpers.com/forum/forumd...ashirama-s-DNA
Madara is a really weak character now...Hope the Tobi/Kakashi flashback about Rin is better
Madara was pwned to the very end. Maybe his fantasy world is a place where he can finally win for once. I was looking forward to see Edo Madara fight Edo Hashirama, but now I don't see the point.
Madara...always got beaten up till the end.... :heh:
Now I know why Madara was very disappointed when he fought the 5 Kages: they aren't strong enough to satisfy his masochist needs.
"C'mon, beat me more! More!! Moooooorrre....!!!"
"What?! That's all you got?!! Nnnoooooo!! Gimme Hashirama!!! I want Hashirama naooo!!!"
5 Kages: =_=;
wew sasuke and madara. the resemblance is...uncanny
finally the flashback is done!
Clones are fine and all, but can you at least show us when the clone was made? :heh:
Got my hopes up once again. Kishimoto could have had a great moment there, showing Mito sealing the Kyuubi, but we got nothing. She was said to be at the battle, she was said to have sealed the Kyuubi by herself, but nothing. One second the Kyuubi is there, the next it's gone. Par for the course I guess, but damn did I get my hopes up...
Well, that's over. Now then, what shall be the next event to occur?
I really think both Kubo and Kishi decided to completely ignore any and all possible plot holes (plot strength) they might introduce and just not giving a damn anymore.
There is still hope for Uzuamki clan reveal, considering this flashback explored senju and uchiha history that naruto has no ties to. I am sure there will be uzumaki clan info dump later on whenever they do the whole rikudou and juubi flashback :P
Or minato will be the one to reveal some uzumaki clan stuff. especially in regards to konoha using them for jinchuuriki.
Read the mangastream version. So much more coherent.
I liked this chapter, Hashirama basically answered the question from Madara in the last chapter: he would kill even his brother to preserve the village.
But this is a pretty dark turn for Hashirama, akin to Madara's turn even. I wonder if it's part of what lead to his early death.
Also interesting is how the other villages were formed on Konoha's model and that they had intended to be peaceful too. I wonder how things messed up and devolved into the next great ninja war between the villages.
let's just hope Sasuke will meet same fate as Madara...
slayed by his best friend for the sake of village... :heh:
just kidding though...
I don't know but I think Madara-Hashirama and Naruto's birth flashback are the best flashback in Naruto
decent stories with deep meaning
i liked the flashback for the most part. now i guess we move on to minato's flashback. i'd like to hear sasuke's next question. unless of course we will get a flashback from each hokage, which i'm kind of hoping doesn't happen. also, i really want to know how hashirama died, which if he's done talking now, will come from tobirama i suppose... i'm still banking on him killing himself since i cant see anyone killing him, but with the madara fight over and hashirama keeping his resolve to protect the village himself, i dont really see how it will happen now. i guess it could just be a sickness, but that's kind of lame
(It also would have been nice to see a female character do something, hell it was something she was already said to have done so it's not like Kishimoto needed to come up with some new thing for a female character to do, he only had to show an event happen that we already know was supposed to happen. Sadly, we didn't even get that...)
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The Best Sidewalk Repair Services in West Virginia
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submitted by ofeliaAlessandrini-1954 340 days ago (via machupicchuperutrips.com)
Manu National Park is one of the most important tropical areas in the world, located in the south eastern region of Peru between Cusco and Madre de Dios departments. In 1977 was declared by the UNESCO as Biosphere Reserve and in 1987 recognized as World Inheritance.Manu Biosphere Reserve has an immense biodiversity, with 16 different ecosystems from the Puna Ichu Grassland to the Lowland Forest, is possible to find different ethnic groups still without contact conserving the traditional lifestyle.
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Final results from Ride The Lobster, the 800km 5-day international unicycle race set in Nova Scotia, Canada, are posted to the Wiki page.
Teams from Germany, New Zealand and the USA (Texas/California) took the top three spots, with 18 minutes separating the top two over the 5-day event. The youngest team, 2Y2D, whose average age was under 15 years, took 22nd in the 35-team field. USA Team, Yellow Line Fever, suffered an early blow even before the race began when one of their members could not make the event. Despite this loss the two-person father-son team of Nathan and Beau Hoover achieved an astounding 11th place. The other all-family team, USA Team Unicycle Max, were 24th. All-female team, Team Venus, accomplished 20th place. The Danish-Canadian Team, Hans Islanders were in the top ten, in 8th position, while the top Canadian, Vincent LeMay of Montréal, unicycled with the Personal Rollercoasters to 4th spot.


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A civilian jail monitor said she witnessed two Los Angeles County sheriff's deputies treat an inmate like "a punching bag," unjustifiably beating him as he lay unconscious for at least two minutes, according to a court declaration filed Monday by the ACLU.
The representative for the civil liberties organization was at Twin Towers jail for an unrelated meeting with another inmate when, according to her declaration, she heard thuds from outside the room she was in. Through a window, she said, she saw two deputies punching, kicking and Tasering an inmate.
Esther Lim, the ACLU observer, said the inmate never resisted, and his body was limp "like he was a mannequin" throughout the assault. In an interview with The Times, Lim said the deputies did not realize she was watching until after the beating stopped. A declaration from another inmate supports her account.
An internal sheriff's log also appears to confirm the Jan. 24 incident, but offers a different narrative. The log states that the inmate punched a deputy and charged at him. When another deputy tried to help, the inmate punched him as well and remained combative until he was Tasered, according to the sheriff's log.
Lim called the deputies' account a fabrication, saying inmate James Parker was so still while being beaten that she worried he was dead. During the incident, she said the deputies monotonously repeated "stop resisting" and "stop fighting" as though they "were reading from a script."
Lim said the ACLU commonly receives complaints from inmates who say deputies beat them while repeating "stop resisting" commands, even when the inmates aren't resisting. Lim said she suspects the deputies involved in this incident recited the commands as a ruse to later justify their actions with the help of a jailhouse recording or other deputies who may have heard their commands.
A sheriff's spokesman said the matter is being investigated, though "initial findings" indicate the inmate was combative, and one of the deputies injured his hand and had swelling on his face.
Allegations of deputy brutality in county jails are common but hard to substantiate. Aside from other deputies, usually the only witnesses are inmates, whose accounts are inherently considered less credible, experts say. This incident offers an especially rare instance in which a third party was there to observe.
One of the deputies involved in the incident was identified in court records as Ryan Hirsch. The other was identified by the ACLU by his last name, Ochoa. Sheriff's spokesman Steve Whitmore declined to confirm their names. Both, he said, declined requests from The Times for an interview. The deputies remain on active duty, Whitmore said.
Parker, 35, was charged Monday with felony counts of battery and resisting an officer in connection with the incident. According to Lim's account, Parker was lying on his stomach, looking "unconscious" or "even dead." Hirsch and Ochoa, she said, simultaneously punched him and kneed him. Parker, she said, never put up his hands to protect his head, which Lim took as a sign that he had lost consciousness.
The deputies Tasered Parker's leg up to four times, she said, and his torso up to three times. A minute into the beating, Ochoa motioned to the other deputy, bringing his index finger to his lips, Lim recalled. Hirsch yelled "stop resisting" and "stop fighting" just once more after Ochoa motioned, she said.
Soon after the incident, Ochoa looked at Lim through the window and signaled for her to move away from the window, she said.
During another visit the next day, she said, she recognized Ochoa and at one point noticed him "staring at me in an aggressive manner."
Parker received stitches to his face, pain in his ribs and a swollen cheek and eye, according to the ACLU.
"This makes me feel even more strongly that these kinds of incidents go on a lot," said Peter J. Eliasberg, managing attorney with the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California. "And every time we bring them to the Sheriff's Department, they consistently say, 'They're all false, they're all false, prisoners lie.' "
Whitmore said investigators will interview all the witnesses.
"It's rare that you have a civilian eyewitness, and what we don't understand is she never mentioned this to us," Whitmore said. "Why didn't she come forward? Why didn't she talk to us?"
Eliasberg said the ACLU did not notify the Sheriff's Department immediately because in the past officials there have been quick to deny any complaints.
A court declaration from the inmate who was meeting with Lim at the time of the incident also disputed the deputies' telling. Lim said inmate Christopher Brown had seen the altercation develop before she did. Brown said Parker was not resisting.
"I saw him stumbling forward, towards me, falling to the ground," Brown said in a court declaration. "He looked like he was knocked out." After the incident, Brown said, another inmate had to mop up what appeared to be blood.
Brown said he was interviewed by deputies about the incident afterward. He said Ochoa was present at first. "As I was telling the sergeant that I saw Deputy Ochoa punching Parker, Deputy Ochoa stared at me in an aggressive manner, so I asked him 'What?' He aggressively said 'What' back at me.' "
Michael Gennaco, who heads the Office of Independent Review, the department's official watchdog, said involved deputies should not be present during interviews. Whitmore said the deputy was not present and that Brown's allegation was a "fabrication."
After Ochoa was escorted away, Brown said, he saw the other involved deputy, Hirsch, who warned him not to get involved.
"My advice," he said the deputy told him, "is to stay out of it. It doesn't have anything to do with you."


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Panetta caught in one-world scheme
Defense secretary says 'international permission' trumps Congress
Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta is facing criticism for statements he made at a hearing this week regarding the use of international military force without the explicit approval of Congress.
WND was first to report that before he was appointed chief of the CIA in 2009, Panetta co-chaired an initiative to regulate U.S. oceans and cede them to United Nations-based international law.
Panetta's oceans initiative was a key partner of an organization that promotes world government, Citizens for Global Solutions.
Also, the group's parent organization, the World Federalist Movement, promotes democratized global institutions with plenary constitutional power. It is a coordinator and member of Responsibility to Protect, the controversial United Nations military doctrine used by Obama as the main justification for U.S. and international airstrikes against Libya.
At the hearing this week, Panetta stressed the need for "international permission" to launch an international military campaign against Syria, skirting questions about seeking congressional approval for such use of military force.
Sen. Jeff Sessions, R-Ala., who chaired the hearing, asked Panetta whether he believes the U.S. "can act without Congress and initiate a No Fly Zone in Syria, without congressional approval."
Panetta replied: "Again, our goal would be to seek international permission and we would come to the Congress and inform you and determine how best to approach this, whether or not we would want to get permission from the Congress, I think those are issues I think we would have to discuss as we decide what to do here."
Panetta repeatedly stressed the need to seek the approval of the international community, including the U.N. and NATO countries.
Until his appointment as CIA director in 2009, Panetta co-chaired the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative, the partner of Citizens for Global Solutions in a push to ratify U.S. laws and regulations governing the seas. Panetta became defense secretary in June 2011.
The oceans initiative bills itself as a bipartisan, collaborative group that aims to "accelerate the pace of change that results in meaningful ocean policy reform."
Among its main recommendations is that the U.S. should put its oceans up for regulation to the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea.
That U.N. convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment and the management of marine natural resources.
Other recommendations of the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative include:
- The Administration and Congress should establish a national ocean policy. The Administration and Congress should support regional, ecosystem-based approaches to the management of ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes.
- Congress should strengthen and reauthorize the Coastal Zone Management Act.
- Congress should strengthen the Clean Water Act.
The Joint Ocean Commission Initiative Leadership Council includes John Podesta, president and CEO of the Center for American Progress, which is reportedly highly influential in advising the White House on policy. Podesta served as co-chairman of Obama's presidential transition team.
Panetta's oceans initiative is a key partner of Citizens for Global Solutions, or CGS, which, according to its literature, envisions a "future in which nations work together to abolish war, protect our rights and freedoms and solve the problems facing humanity that no nation can solve alone."
CGS states it works to "build the political will in the United States" to achieve this global vision.
The organization currently works on issues that fall into five general areas: U.S. global engagement; global health and environment; peace and security; international law and justice; and international institutions.
CGS is a member organization and supporter of the World Federalist Movement, which openly seeks a one-world government. The World Federalist Movement considers the CGS to be its U.S. branch.
The movement brings together organizations and individuals that support the establishment of a global federal system of strengthened and democratized global institutions with plenary constitutional power accountable to the citizens of the world and a division of international authority among separate global agencies.
The movement's headquarters are located near the U.N. building in New York City. A second office is near the International Criminal Court in The Hague, Netherlands.
Global military scheme
The connection of Panetta's oceans initiative to a global center coordinating the Responsibility to Protect doctrine might raise questions regarding Panetta's defense strategy.
Obama has specifically cited the military doctrine as the main justification for U.S. and international airstrikes against Libya.
Indeed, the Libya bombings were regarded as a test of Responsibility to Protect.
Responsibility to Protect, or Responsibility to Act, as cited by Obama, is a set of principles, now backed by the United Nations, based on the idea that sovereignty is not a privilege but a responsibility that can be revoked if a country is accused of "war crimes," "genocide," "crimes against humanity" or "ethnic cleansing."
The term "war crimes" has at times been indiscriminately used by various U.N.-backed international bodies, including the International Criminal Court, or ICC, which applied it to Israeli anti-terror operations in the Gaza Strip. There has been fear the ICC could be used to prosecute U.S. troops.
As WND reported George Soros' Open Society Institute is a primary funder and key proponent of the Global Centre for Responsibility to Protect.
Soros' Open Society is one of only three nongovernmental funders of the Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect. Government sponsors include Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, Rwanda and the U.K.
Board members of the group include former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan, former Ireland President Mary Robinson and South African activist Desmond Tutu. Robinson and Tutu have made solidarity visits to the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip as members of a group called The Elders, which includes former President Jimmy Carter.
Annan once famously stated, "State sovereignty, in its most basic sense, is being redefined – not least by the forces of globalization and international co-operation. States are … instruments at the service of their peoples and not vice versa."
The Carr Center for Human Rights Policy served on the advisory board of the 2001 commission that original founded Responsibility to Protect. The center was led at the time by Samantha Power, the National Security Council special adviser to Obama on human rights.
Power reportedly heavily influenced Obama in consultations leading to the decision to bomb Libya.
WND reported the committee that devised the Responsibility to Protect doctrine included Arab League Secretary General Amre Moussa as well as Palestinian legislator Hanan Ashrawi, a staunch denier of the Holocaust who long served as the deputy of late Palestinian Liberation Organization leader Yasser Arafat.
Right to 'penetrate nation-states' borders'
Soros himself outlined the fundamentals of Responsibility to Protect in a 2004 Foreign Policy magazine article entitled "The People's Sovereignty: How a New Twist on an Old Idea Can Protect the World's Most Vulnerable Populations."
In the article, Soros said "true sovereignty belongs to the people, who in turn delegate it to their governments."
"If governments abuse the authority entrusted to them and citizens have no opportunity to correct such abuses, outside interference is justified," Soros wrote. "By specifying that sovereignty is based on the people, the international community can penetrate nation-states' borders to protect the rights of citizens.
"In particular, the principle of the people's sovereignty can help solve two modern challenges: the obstacles to delivering aid effectively to sovereign states, and the obstacles to global collective action dealing with states experiencing internal conflict."
'One world'
WND reported that the Responsibility doctrine founder, Ramesh Thakur, has advocated for a "global rebalancing" and "international redistribution" to create a "New World Order."
In a piece one year ago in the Ottawa Citizen newspaper, "Toward a new world order," Thakur wrote, "Westerners must change lifestyles and support international redistribution."
He was referring there to a United Nations-brokered international climate treaty in which he argued, "Developing countries must reorient growth in cleaner and greener directions."
In the opinion piece, Thakur discussed recent military engagements and how the financial crisis has impacted the U.S.
"The West's bullying approach to developing nations won't work anymore – global power is shifting to Asia," he wrote.
"A much-needed global moral rebalancing is in train," he added.
Thakur continued: "Westerners have lost their previous capacity to set standards and rules of behavior for the world. Unless they recognize this reality, there is little prospect of making significant progress in deadlocked international negotiations."
Thakur contended "the demonstration of the limits to U.S. and NATO power in Iraq and Afghanistan has left many less fearful of 'superior' western power."
With additional research by Brenda J. Elliott


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In addition to the multiple foils included in your Harken® MKIV furling Unit there are 7 ft. Luff Extrusions available that offer all the same great benefits. They are Aerodynamic aluminum Air Foils® that can handle extreme reefing loads and also feature double foil grooves that allow for fast hoists, douses, and sail changes.
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Please fill out and submit this form to be added to the SIGGRAPH 2009 media mailing list. Fields marked as bold are required. Please DO NOT submit this form unless you are an editorial representative for a media outlet (newspaper, magazine, broadcast station/network, online news organization, etc.). Unqualified representatives will not be added to the list.
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Showing photo albums at home is becoming an increasingly popular pastime. A photographic album, or photo album, is a collection of photographs, generally in a book. Some albums have compartments which the photos may be slipped into; other albums have heavy paper with an abrasive surface covered with clear plastic sheets, in which photos can be put. Older style albums often were simply books of heavy paper which photos could be glued to or attached to with adhesive corners, or pages. Album fits 64pcs 2x3 inch photos Weld bound construction. Features 2 photos per page


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text:
Your Own Path to Health: A Journey of Discovery
The end of one year and the beginning of the next is a wonderful time to reflect on health and well-being and to set the stage for the future. There are often a number of things we want to do. We may want to find a way to add exercise into our day or adjust our diet. There may be conditions in our family medical history to consider or specific exams that might be important such as a mammography or colonoscopy. Sometimes, it is tough to know where to start. You don't have to do everything at once! Start with the simple things that are most important to you. The act of beginning a new path is, in itself, invigorating. Each step will point the way to the next step and the next one after that. You will find lasting change through those small steps and chances are, you will enjoy the process.
Throughout the past year, Healthy Alum has offered resources you can apply in your life. Selections follow from our CWRU NetWellness experts that may help in forging your own goals. You may also want to explore past issues. Use this time of endings and beginnings to embrace health and well-being in your own way. Through your success, you will discover new possibilities throughout the year; 2013 can be the year of starting a path to long-term success.
Sleep Matters
It's difficult to believe that one-third of the average human life is spent sleeping. After all, life pulls us in many different directions each day. From working late hours and maintaining the house to spending time with family and friends, it's surprising that anyone has time for sleep at all. While the issue of inadequate sleep is not a new one, today's technology can serve as a distraction, as well as allowing us to work harder and longer, and a good night's rest is usually the first thing to be sacrificed because of it.
Everyone is different, and the amount of sleep a person needs to feel rested is not an exception. While some people require at least eight hours of sleep to feel refreshed, others may function well on only six hours. Regardless of the time that's right for you, there are steps that you can take to get the most out of your nightly rest.
- Try to go to bed only when you are drowsy
- Maintain a regular wake time (even on days off work and on weekends)
- Keep a regular schedule
- Avoid napping during the daytime
- Do not spend excessive amounts of time in bed
- Avoid heavy meals before bedtime
- Try to exercise regularly, but at least six hours before bedtime
- Avoid ingestion of caffeine within 6 hours of bedtime
- Do not drink alcohol when sleepy
- Avoid the use of nicotine close to bedtime or during the night
To learn more about why sleep matters, visit the NetWellness feature from March 2011: Laying Down the Facts about Sleep.
Don't forget the workplace
In our current culture we expect to be able to do everything and to do it well. Both men and women may feel pressure to not only be excellent performing employees but to be the best friends, parents, partners and housekeepers possible. This crush of priorities can make many people feel as if they do not have the time and energy to handle it all. While the concept of a well-balanced life is widely accepted today, attaining it is as difficult, if not more so, than ever before.
Consider starting your day by visualizing how it can be the best possible day. The mind is receptive to your feelings and ideas upon waking. During the day, think about structuring your workspace for maximum productivity. This includes making sure that all of the work tools you use are placed appropriately for your individual needs.
Use the lunch period that you have available as a positive, energy-building time. Think of topics to discuss at lunch so you do not get stuck listening to a long tale of someone else's woes (which is highly energy draining). Throughout each day consider taking two to three mini breaks. Also, allow time to celebrate something that went well, such as a positive gesture from a coworker or a good deed that you performed. Take a stretch or walk break for a few minutes, or take a few deep breaths. These actions will help you to enhance your energy. Planning a restful, inspirational or educational activity to do on your way home and upon arrival would also be good to consider. To find out more about making your workday as healthful as possible, visit the NetWellness feature from July 2011: Working 9 to 5: Making a Healthy Living.
Eating healthy can be delicious
The new 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans place stronger emphasis on reducing calories and increasing physical activity. They encourage us to eat more healthy foods like vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fat-free and low-fat dairy products, and seafood and to cut back on sodium, saturated and trans fats, added sugars, and refined grains.
Through improved nutrition and physical activity, the recommendations are intended to give advice on achieving an overall healthy eating pattern that will help to:
- Promote health
- Reduce the risk of chronic diseases
- Reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines are being released at a time when the majority of adults and one in three children are overweight or obese. These new and improved dietary recommendations give you the information you need to make thoughtful choices of healthier foods in the right portions and to complement those choices with physical activity. Adopting the recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines can help you live a healthier, more physically active and longer life, as well as contribute to a lowering of health-care costs. To learn more about incorporating healthier foods into your everyday meals this New Year, visit 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
Screenings save lives
From colon cancer and breast cancer to skin cancer and heart disease, there are a wide array of conditions that could be avoided if preventative screenings are attained on time. One of the best ways to look out for the health and wellness of you and your family is to schedule a visit with your physician. Determining the screening measures and schedules that are right for you is an individual process and one of the most healthful steps you can take in the New Year.
Hope Through Research – You Can Be Part of the Answer!
Many research studies are underway to help us learn about wellness. Would you like to find out more about being part of this exciting research? Please visit the following links:
For more information:
Go to the Wellness Center health topic.


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Residents and village officials agree: Hurricane Sandy was the storm that truly tested whether the Federal Emergency Management Agency's flood maps of Valley Stream are valid. The consensus? They are not.
Much of the village was put into the high-risk flood zone when new maps went into effect in September 2009. Homeowners with federally backed mortgages had to buy flood insurance, and annual premiums for some exceeded $2,000 per year.
But many residents, particularly in the Gibson neighborhood, where thousands of homes were added to the flood zone, fought back, insisting the maps were wrong. Now, they say, Hurricane Sandy makes their case.
Flood insurance is designed to protect homes that would likely be affected by a coastal flood. Sandy, in fact, had a significant storm surge, peaking during high tide. Yet Gibson mostly remained dry.
"The storm that flooded us would have been Sandy," said Gibson resident Carol Crupi, who has been leading the fight against the flood maps. "I can't say it enough: Gibson does not belong in the flood zone."
Mayor Ed Fare compared Sandy with Tropical Storm Irene, which came through last August. Sandy brought high winds and a coastal storm surge. Irene had much less of a surge, but brought more rain. Fare pointed out that neither of these two markedly different storms flooded Gibson.
Under the right conditions, the mayor acknowledged, any area could flood. But he rejected the notion that Gibson should be considered a high-risk area where flood insurance should be mandatory. "The conditions of Sandy, they didn't flood. The conditions of Irene, they didn't flood," he said. "In two massive storms, Gibson didn't flood. How many ducks have to be in a row for Gibson to flood?"
Gibson resident Joseph Margolin agreed that, based on the conditions it brought to Long Island, Sandy was the type of storm FEMA officials had warned about. "This thing satisfies every condition that they set beforehand, the storm of the century," Margolin said. "We had trees down, but no floods."


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Higher body mass, larger waistlines and eating excess sodium may be the reasons for the elevated blood pressure readings, researchers said.
High blood pressure is a risk factor for stroke, heart disease and kidney failure -- accounting for about 350,000 preventable deaths a year in the United States.
"High blood pressure is dangerous in part because many people don't know they have it," said Bernard Rosner, Ph.D., lead author of the study and professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Mass. "It's a very sneaky thing. Blood pressure has to be measured regularly to keep on top of it."
In adults age 20 and older, blood pressure should normally be less than 120/80 mm Hg. However, among children and teens blood pressure norms vary according to age, sex and height.
While the researchers noted "elevated" readings, the children could not be called hypertensive because blood pressure readings must be high three times in a row for an official diagnosis.
Researchers compared more than 3,200 children ages 8-17 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III in 1988-1994 to more than 8,300 in NHANES in 1999-2008. They accounted for differences between the two groups in age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass, waistline and sodium intake.
Researchers found:
* Boys were more likely to have elevated blood pressure, but the rate increased more markedly in girls from the first study to the second.
* More children were overweight in the second study, and both sexes, especially girls, had bigger waistlines.
* Children whose body mass or waistline measurements were in the top 25 percent for their age group were about twice as likely to have elevated blood pressure as children with measurements in the bottom 25 percent.
* African-American children had a 28 percent higher risk of elevated blood pressure than non-Hispanic white children.
* In both studies, children with the greatest sodium intake were 36 percent more likely than those with the lowest intake to have elevated blood pressure. More than 80 percent of children in both studies had a daily sodium intake above 2,300 milligrams; however, fewer children in the later study had an intake above 3,450 milligrams.
"Everyone expects sodium intake will continue to go up," Rosner said. "It seems there's been a little bit of listening to dietary recommendations, but not a lot."
Americans eat an average 3,400 milligrams of sodium daily -- more than twice the 1,500 or less that the American Heart Association recommends. Two-thirds of sodium intake is from store-bought foods and one-quarter from restaurant offerings.
Studies have linked excessive sodium in the diet to high blood pressure, and have suggested reducing sodium intake in children's and adolescents' can lower average systolic (top number) blood pressure by 1.2 mm Hg and average diastolic (bottom number) pressure 1.3 mm Hg.
Co-authors are: Nancy R. Cook, Sc.D.; Stephen Daniels, M.D., Ph.D. and Bonita Falkner, M.D. Author disclosures are on the manuscript.
The American Heart Association
The National Institutes of Health funded the study.
For the latest heart and stroke news, follow us on Twitter: @HeartNews.
For updates and new science in Hypertension, follow @HyperAHA.
TNS 24HariRad-130717-FurigayJane-4426075 30FurigayJane
© 2013 Targeted News Service


text: The Aurum Killer B was designed in conjunction with Norco's World Cup DH teams past and present and proven on the 2014 World Cup stage. This 650B-wheeled race bike represents the cutting edge of Norco's engineering and design capability and brings together all of our most advanced carbon, aluminum and mountain technologies. The Aurum — Latin for "gold" — earned its name by turning the most challenging terrain features into advantages over other riders.