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Aberdeen, Abilene, Abington, Acadia National Park, Adak, Agaña, Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, Ainsworth Municipal, Airlake, Aitkin, Ajo Municipal, Akaka Falls State Park, Akron, Akron Canton, Alabaster Caverns State Park, Alameda, Alamogordo White, Alamosa, Albany, Albany County, Albert Lea, Albuquerque, Alexandria, Alexandria Bay, Algona, Alice Airport, Alki Point, Allentown, Alliance Municipal, Alma, Alpena, Alta monte, Alta valle, Altoona, Alturas, Altus, Alyeska Ski Resort Monte, Alyeska Ski Resort Valle, Amarillo, Ambrose, Ames, Amicola Falls State Park, Amistad National Recreation Area, Anacapa Island, Anadarko, Anchorage, Andalusia, Anderson, Andrews Afb, Angleton, Anini Beach Park, Ann Arbor, Annapolis, Anniston, Anthony Lakes Monte, Anthony Lakes Valle, Antigo, Anza Borrego Desert State Park, Apalachicola, Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Apple Valley, Appleton, Arcata, Arches National Park, Ardmore Municipal, Arlington, Asheville, Ashland Monte, Ashland Valle, Ashtabula, Aspen, Aspen Monte, Aspen Valle, Assateague Island National Seashore, Astor Nas, Astoria, Athens, Atka Island, Atlanta, Atlantic, Atlantic City, Auburn, Auburn Lewiston, Auburn Opelika Apt, Augusta, Aurora State, Austin, Avalon, Badlands National Park, Baker, Bakersfield, Baltimore, Bandelier National Monument, Bangor, Banner Elk Monte, Bar Harbor, Barbers Pt, Barnegat, Barre Montpelier, Barrow, Barstow, Bartlesville, Bartow, Batesville, Baton Rouge, Battle Creek, Battle Mountain, Baudette, Baxter State Park, Bay City, Bay Shore, Beach Haven, Beacon Rock State Park, Beale Afb, Bear Head Lake State Park, Bear Lake, Beatrice Municipal, Beauford, Beaufort, Beaumont, Beaver Creek Monte, Beaver Creek Valle, Beaver Falls, Beavers Bend State Park, Beckley, Beckley Memorial, Belle Fourche, Belle Isle, Bellingham, Belmar Farmdale, Bemidji, Bend Monte, Bend Valle, Benson, Benton Harbor, Bentonville, Bergstrom, Berkley, Berlin, Bethel, Beverly Municipal, Big Bend National Park Monte, Big Bend National Park Valle, Big Piney, Big Sky Monte, Big Sky Valle, Big Spring, Biggs Aaf, Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Billings, Biloxi, Binghampton, Binghamton, Birmingham, Biscayne National Park, Bishop, Bishop Airport, Bismarck, Blanding, Block Island, Bloomington, Blowing Rock Monte, Blue Knob State Park, Bluefield, Bluestone State Park, Blunts Reef, Blythe Airport, Bodega Bay, Boise, Boone, Boston, Boulder, Bowling Green, Boynton Beach, Boysen State Park, Bozeman, Bradford Regional, Bradshaw, Brainerd, Brattleboro, Brawley, Breckenridge Monte, Breckenridge Valle, Bremerton, Bretton Woods, Brewster Field, Bridgeport, Bridger, Brighton Monte, Brighton Valle, Broadus, Broken Bow, Bronx, Brookings, Brooksville, Broomfield, Brown Country Sate Park, Browning, Brownsville, Brownwood Municipal, Bruneau Dunes State Park, Brunswick, Bryce Canyon, Bryce Canyon National Park, Buckley Angb, Buffalo, Buffalo National River, Bullfrog Marina, Bullhead City, Burbank, Burley Municipal, Burlington, Burnet, Burney, Burns, Burrows Island, Butler, Butte, Buzzards Bay, Cabrillo Beach, Cacapon State Park, Cadillac, Cairns Aaf, Caldwell, Caliente, Calverton, Camarillo, Camden, Camden Hills State Park, Camp San Luis, Canaan Valley State Park, Canadian, Cannon Afb, Cannon Beach, Canton, Canton Lake State Recreation Area, Canyon de Chelly National Monument, Canyonlands National Park, Cape Ann, Cape Blanco, Cape Canaveral, Cape Charles, Cape Cod, Cape Disappointment, Cape Flattery, Cape Girardeau, Cape Hatteras National Seashore, Cape Henry, Cape Lookout, Cape Lookout National Seashore, Cape May, Cape Neddick, Cape San Blas, Cape Vincent, Capital City, Capital Reef National Park, Carbondale, Caribou Municipal, Carlsbad, Carolina Beach, Carroll, Carson City, Casa Granda, Casa Grande, Cascade Locks State, Casper, Cass, Castroville, Cathedral Gorge State Park, Catskill Park, Cecil Field, Cedar Breaks National Monument, Cedar City, Cedar Rapids, Centreville, Chaco Culture National Historic Park, Chadron Municipal, Challis, Chama, Chamberlain, Champaign, Chanhassen, Channel Islands National Park, Chanute, Chapel Hill, Chariton, Charles City, Charleston, Charlotte, Charlotte Amalie, Charlottesville, Chattanooga, Cherokee, Cherry Point, Chesapeake, Chestertown, Chetco River, Cheyenne, Chicago, Chico Municipal, Childress Municipal, Chillicothe, Chino Airport, Chinoteague, Chippewa, Chiricahua National Monument, Christiansted, Cincinnati, Claremont, Clarinda, Clarion, Clarksburg, Clarksdale, Clarksville, Clayton, Clayton Lake, Clear Lake, Clearwater Beach, Cleveland, Clewiston, Clifton, Clinton Sherman, Cloquet, Clovis, Cody, Coeur d'Alene, Coffeyville, College Station, Collier Seminole State Park, Colorado National Monument, Colorado Springs, Columbia, Columbia Metro, Columbia Regional, Columbus, Colville Municipal, Concord, Concordia, Cook Forest State Park, Coos Bay, Copper Harbor, Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park, Corona, Corpus Christi, Cortez, Corvallis, Cotulla Municipal, Coulee Dam National Recreation Area, Council Bluffs, Cove Point, Cozad Municipal, Craig, Craig Field, Crane Lake, Crater Lake National Park Monte, Crater Lake National Park Valle, Craters of the Moon National Monument, Crescent City, Crested Butte Monte, Crested Butte Valle, Crestview, Crookston, Cross City, Crossville Memorial, Crows Landing Nalf, Cruz Bay, Cuivre River State Park, Cumberland, Cumberland Gap National Historic Park, Cumberland Island, Custer, Custer State Park, Cut Bank, D.T. Fleming Park, Dalhart Municipal, Dallas, Dana Point, Danbury Municipal, Dansville Municipal, Danville Regional, Dauphin Island, Davenport, Davenport Nexrad, Davis Point, Dayton, Daytona Beach, De Soto State Park, Deadwood, Death Valley - Badwater, Death Valley - Furnace Creek, Death Valley National Monument monte, Death Valley National Monument valle, Decatur Airport, Decorah, Deer Valley monte, Deer Valley valle, Defiance Memorial, Del Rio, Delray Beach, Deming Municipal, Denali National Park Monte, Denali National Park Valle, Denison, Denton, Denver, Des Moines, Destin Ft. Walton, Destruction Island, Detroit, Detroit City, Detroit Lakes, Devil's Den State Park, Devil's Lake State Park, Devils Lake, Devils Tower National Monument, Dfw Nexrad, Dickinson, Dillon, Dillon Airport, Dillon State Park, Dinosaur National Monument, Disneyland, Dixon, Dodge City, Dothan, Douglas, Douglas Bisbee, Dover, Drummond, Du Bois, Dublin, Dubuque, Dugway Prvg Ground, Duke Fld, Duluth, Dunkirk, Durango, Durham, Dyersburg, Eagle Co. Regional, Eagle Harbor, Eagle Range, Eaker, East Moriches, Eastport, Eatons Neck, Eau Claire, Edenton, Edisto Beach State Park, Edwards, Effigy Mounds National Monument, Egg Rock, Egmont Key, El Capitan Beach, El Centro, El Morro National Monument, El Paso, Elephant Butte Lake State Park, Elkhart, Elkins, Elko, Ellensburg, Ellsworth, Elmira, Ely, Emporia Municipal, Enid, Ephrata Municipal, Erie, Erie Airport, Escanaba, Estherville, Eugene, Eureka, Evanston, Evansville, Evansville Regional, Eveleth, Everett, Everglades National Park, Fair Field, Fairbanks, Fairchild, Fairmont, Fall Creek Falls State Park, Fallon, Falls City, Farallon Island, Fargo, Faribault, Farmingdale, Farmington, Farmington Airport, Farmville, Farragut State Recreation Area Monte, Farragut State Recreation Area Valle, Faulkner Island, Fayetteville, Fayetteville Rgnl, Fergus Falls, Findlay, Finger Lake, Fire Island National Seashore, Flagstaff, Flagstaff Nexrad, Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area, Flathead Lake Monte, Flathead Lake Valle, Flint, Flippin, Florence, Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, Folly Beach, Fond Du Lac, Fort Belvoir, Fort Benning, Fort Bragg, Fort Carson, Fort Collins, Fort Dodge, Fort Eustis, Fort Hood, Fort Huachuca, Fort Knox, Fort Laramie, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Leavenworth, Fort Leonard Wood, Fort Lewis, Fort Lincoln State Park, Fort Madison, Fort Meade, Fort Myers, Fort Pierce, Fort Ritchie, Fort Robinson State Park, Fort Sisseton State Park, Fort Smith, Fort Stockton, Fort Wayne, Fort Worth, Fort Yukon, Fosston, Fowey Rocks, Franconia Notch State Park, Frankfort, Franklin, Frederick, Fredericksburg, Frederiksted, Freeport, Fremont, Frenchville, Freshpond, Fresno, Friday Harbor, Ft Myers Beach, Ft Pickett, Ft Pierce, Ft Riley, Ft Stewart, Fullerton Municipal, Gadsen, Gage, Gainesville, Gallup, Gallup Muni, Galveston, Garapan, Garden City, Gates of the Artic National Park, Gaylord, George H. Crosby Manitou State Park, Gettysburg, Giant City State Park, Gila Bend Municipal, Gillette, Glacier Bay National Park, Glacier National Park Monte, Glacier National Park Valle, Gleenwood Springs, Glen Falls, Glendive, Glendo State Park, Glenwood, Goblin Valley State Park, Gold Beach, Golden Tri, Goodland, Goodyear Municipal, Gordon Municipal, Granby, Grand Canyon National Park Monte, Grand Canyon National Park Valle, Grand Canyon Park, Grand Forks, Grand Island, Grand Junction, Grand Marais, Grand Portage, Grand Rapids, Grand Teton National Park Monte, Grand Teton National Park Valle, Grandfather Mountain, Grangeville, Grants Milan, Grants Pass, Great Basin National Park Monte, Great Basin National Park Valle, Great Bend, Great Duck Island, Great Falls, Great Smoky Mountains National Park Monte, Great Smoky Mountains National Park Valle, Greeley, Green Bay, Green Mountain National Forest, Greensboro, Greenville, Greenwood, Griffiss Afb, Guadelupe Mountains National Park Monte, Guadelupe Mountains National Park Valle, Guernsey State Park, Gulf State Park, Gulfport Biloxi, Gunnison, Gunpowder Falls State Park, Gustavus, Hagerstown, Hagerstown Regional, Hailey, Halawa Valley, Haleakala National Park, Haleiwa Beach Park, Halfway Rock, Hallock, Hampton Beach, Hana, Hana Maui, Hanalei, Hanchey Ahp, Hanford, Hanksville, Hannibal, Hanscom Fld, Harbor Beach, Harlowton, Harpers Ferry, Harrisburg, Harrison, Harrisonburg, Harrodsburg, Hartford, Hartwick Pines State Park, Hastings, Hatteras, Hattiesburg, Havre, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Monte, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Valle, Hawthorne Municipal, Hayden, Hays, Hayward, Headwaters State Park, Helena, Henderson City, Henryetta Municipal, Hermistn, Hermosa Beach Pier, Heron Neck, Hibbing, Hibbing Chisholm, Hickam, Hickory Regional, Hickory Run State Park, High Point State Park, Hill Afb, Hill City Municipal, Hillsville, Hilo, Hilton Head, Hobart Municipal, Hobbs, Hocking Hills State Park, Holland, Holloman, Hollywood, Homer, Homestead, Hominy Municipal, Hondo Municipal, Honolulu, Hood River Monte, Hood River Valle, Hopkinsville, Hoquiam, Hot Springs, Hot Springs State Park, Houghton Lake, Houlton, Houston, Humboldt Rewoods State Park, Hunter, Huntingburg, Huntington, Huntington Beach, Huntsville, Huron Regional, Hutchinson, Hyannis, Idaho City, Idaho Falls, Immokalee, Imperial, Imperial Beach, Imperial Municipal, Indian River, Indiana, Indianapolis, International Falls, Inyokern, Iowa City, Iron Mountain, Ironwood, Isle Of Shoals, Isle Royale National Park, Islip, Itasca State Park, Ithaca, Jackson, Jackson Hole, Jacksonville, Jacksonville Beach, Jaffrey Municipal, Jamestown, Janesville, Jay Cooke State Park, Jefferson City, Jekyll Island, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Johnstown, Joliet Park Distric, Jonesboro, Joplin, Joplin Regional, Joshua Tree National Monument, Juneau, Jupiter Inlet, Kaanapali Beach, Kahului, Kailua, Kailua - Kona, Kailua Beach Park, Kaiser, Kalamazoo, Kalispell, Kaneoke, Kansas City, Kapa'a Beach Park, Katmai National Park Monte, Katmai National Park Valle, Kaunakakai, Keahole Point, Kearney, Keene, Kelly, Kelso Longveiw, Kenai, Kenai Fjords National Park Monte, Kenosha, Keokuk, Kerrville Municipal, Ketchikan, Ketchum Monte, Ketchum Valle, Key Biscayne, Key Largo, Key West, Keyhole State Park, Keystone Monte, Keystone Valle, Kilauea, Killeen, King Salmon, Kingman, Kingsport, Kingsville, Kinston, Kipnuk, Kirksville, Kirksville Regional, Kitty Hawk, Klamath Falls, Knoxville, Kobuk Valley National Park Monte, Kodiak, Kokee State Park, Kona, Kotzebue, La Crosse, La Grande, La Junta, La Verne, Lac du Flambeau, Laconia, Lafayette, Lahaina, Lake Charles, Lake Chelan Monte, Lake Chelan Valle, Lake Clark National Park Monte, Lake Clark National Park Valle, Lake George, Lake Havasa State Park, Lake Havasu, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Lake Meredith National Recreation Area, Lake Murray State Park, Lake of Ozarks State Parks, Lake Placid Monte, Lake Placid Valle, Lake Powell, Lake Tahoe, Lake Winnebago, Lakehurst, Lakeland, Lakeland Regional, Lakeview, Lamar, Lamoni, Lanai City, Lancaster, Lander, Lansing, Laramie, Laredo, Laredo Airport, Las Cruces, Las Vegas, Las Vegas Municipal, Lassen Volcanic National Park Monte, Lassen Volcanic National Park Valle, Latrobe, Laughlin Afb, Laurel Ridge State Park, Lava Beds National Monument, Lava Hot Springs, Lava Land, Lawai Beach, Lawrence Municipal, Lawrenceville, Lawton, Leadville, Leavenworth Monte, Lebanon Airport, Leesburg, Lemmon, Lemoore, Lewes, Lewisburg, Lewiston, Lewistown Municipal, Lexington, Liberal, Lidgerwood, Lihue, Lima, Lima Allen, Limon, Lincoln, Lincoln City, Lincoln's New Salem State Park, Litchfield, Little Falls, Little Gulf Island, Little Rock, Livermore Municipal, Logan, Logan Cache Airport, Lompoc, London Corbin, Lone Rock Regional, Long Beach, Long Beach Airport, Long Beach Island, Longview, Lorain, Loring Afb, Los Alamos, Los Angeles, Louisville, Lovelock, Lowe Ahp, Lubbock, Ludington, Lufkin, Luke, Lukeville, Lynchburg, Mackall Aaf, Mackinac Island State Park, Macon, Madison, Mahukona Beach Park, Maili Beach Park, Makaha Beach Park, Makapau Beach Park, Makena, Makoshika State Park, Malad City, Malibu Beach, Malmstrom, Malta, Mammoth, Mammoth Cave National Park, Mammoth Lakes, Manchester, Manhattan Municipal, Manistee, Manitowac, Mankato, Manning, Marathon Airport, Marblehead, Marfa, Marion, Marion Regional, Marquette, Marshall, Marshfield, Marshfield Airport, Martha's Vineyard, Martinsburg, Martinsville, Masena, Mason City, Matanuska Glacier State Recreation Site, Mather Field, Mattoon, Mauna Kea State Recreation Area Berg, Mauna Kea State Recreation Area Tal, Mauna Loa, Maunaloa, Maxwell, Mayport, Mc Alester, Mc Cook, Mc Gregor, Mcallen, Mccall, Mcclellan, Mccomb, Mcconnell, Mccoy, Mcentire Ang Base, Mcguire, Mckinney, Mcminnville, McMurdo, Meacham, Mecklenburg, Medford, Medicine Bow Range and National Forest D, Medicine Bow Range and National Forest T, Medicine Lodge Amos, Medicine Rock State Park, Melbourne Regional, Melfa, Memphis, Mendocino, Menominee, Meramec State Park, Merced, Mercury, Meridian, Merrimac River, Mesa, Mesa Verde National Park, Miami, Miami Beach, Middletown, Midland Regional, Midway Island, Miles City, Milford Municipal, Millbrook, Mille Lacs Kathio State Park, Millinocket, Millville Municipal, Milwaukee, Mineral Wells, Minneapolis, Minocqua, Minot, Minot Airport, Misson Ridge Monte, Misson Ridge Valle, Missoula, Mitchell, Moab, Mobile, Mobile Downtown, Mobridge, Modesto, Mojave, Moline, Molokai, Monahans Sandhill State Park, Monhegan, Monida, Mono Lake, Monroe, Montague, Montauk Poi, Monterey, Montgomery, Monticello, Montpelier, Monument Valley, Moody, Moosehead Lake, Morgantown, Moriarty, Morris, Morristown, Morristown Nexrad, Morrisvillestone, Morro Bay, Moses Lake, Mosinee, Mount Baker Monte, Mount Baker Valle, Mount Diablo State Park, Mount Graham, Mount Jefferson Wilderness Area Monte, Mount Jefferson Wilderness Area Valle, Mount Mansfield, Mount Mitchell State Park, Mount Rainier National Park Monte, Mount Rainier National Park Valle, Mount Rogers National Recreation Area, Mount Shasta, Mount Spokane State Park, Mount St. Helens National Monument, Mount Vernon, Mount Washington, Mount Wilson, Mountain Home, Mountainair, Muir Aaf, Muir Woods National Monument, Mullan, Mullen, Muscatine, Muscle Shoals, Muskegon, Muskogee, Myrtle Beach, Mystic, N. Platte, Naalehu, Nacogdoches, Nantucket, Nantucket Island, Nantucket Memorial, Napa, Napili Bay, Naples Municipal, Nashua, Nashville, Nashville Metro, Natchez, Natchitoches, Natural Bridge State Resort Park, Natural Bridges National Monument, Nauvoo, Needles Airport, Neenah, Nellis, Nenana, Neptune, New Bedford, New Bern, New Castles, New Dungeness, New Haven, New Iberia, New London, New Orleans, New River Gorge, New Ulm, New York, Newark, Newburgh, Newport, Newport Beach, Newport News, Newton, Nogales, Nome, Norfolk, Norman, North Adams, North Bend, North Cascades National Park Monte, North Cascades National Park Valle, North Little Rock, North Manitou Shoal, North Myrtle Beach, North Platte, Northrup, Norwalk, Norwood Memorial, O'neill, Oak Harbor Airpark, Oak Ridge, Oakland, Ocala, Ocean Beach Park, Ocean City, Oceanside, Ocracoke Island, Odessa, Oelwen, Ofu, Ogden, Ogden Hinckley, Ogdensburg, Ogonquit, Ohio, Ohiopyle State Park, Okanogan Highlands, Okefenokee Swamp, Oklahoma City, Olathe, Old Forge, Old Orchard Beach, Old Town, Olean Municipal, Olympia, Olympic National Park Monte, Olympic National Park Valle, Omaha, Omak, Ontario, Ontario Municipal, Orange City, Orange Grove Nalf, Ord, Oregon Caves National Monument, Oregon Inlet, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Orlando, Ormond Beach, Orr, Oshkosh, Oswego, Otis Angb, Ottumwa, Ottumwa Industrial, Ouray Monte, Ouray Valle, Owatonna, Owensboro, Owl's Head, Owyhee, Oxford, Oxnard, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Pacific City State, Paducah, Page, Pago Pago, Palacios Municipal, Palm Beach, Palm Springs, Palmdale Production, Palmer, Palo Alto Airport, Palo Duro Canyon State Park, Panama City, Panama City Beach, Paris, Park City Monte, Park City Valle, Park Falls, Park Rapids, Parkersburg, Parramore Beach, Parsons ri City, Pasadena, Pascagoula, Pasco, Paso Robles, Patuxent River Nas, Pawtucket, Paxson, Payson, Pease Afb, Pecos, Pellston, Pendleton, Peninsula State Park, Pensacola, Peoria, Peoria Regional, Pequot Lake, Perry Foley, Petersburg, Peterson, Petrified Forest National Park, Philadelphia, Philip, Phillips, Phillips Aaf, Phoenix, Picayune, Pickstown, Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Pierre, Pikeville, Pillar Pt, Pine Belt Rgnl Awos, Pine Bluff, Piney Island, Pinnacles National Monument, Pipestem State Park, Pipestone National Monument, Pitt Greenville Arp, Pittsburgh, Pittsfield, Plains, Plattsburgh, Pleasant, Pleasure Island, Plymouth, Pocatello, Poinsett Range, Point Arena, Point Cabrillo, Point Judith, Point Loma, Point Pleasant Beach, Point Reyes, Point Vincente, Point Wilson, Poipu Beach, Pompano Beach, Ponca City, Ponce De Leon Inlet, Pontiac Oakland, Pope Afb, Poplar Bluff, Porcupine Mountains State Park, Port Angeles, Port Aransas, Port Arthur, Port Chicago, Port Huron, Portage, Porterville, Portland, Portsmouth, Poughkeepsie, Powder Mountain Monte, Powder Mountain Valle, Pratt Municipal, Prescott, Presque Ile, Presque Isle, Price, Prince William Sound, Princeton, Providence, Provincetown, Provo, Prudhoe Bay, Pt. Robinson, Pueblo, Pueblo Memorial, Pullman, Punalu'u Beach Park, Puuwai, Pymatuning State Park, Pyramid Lake, Quantico, Quillayute State, Quincy Muni, Race Point, Raleigh, Raleigh Durham, Randolph Afb, Rangeley State Park, Rapid City, Raton, Ravenna, Rawlins Municipal, Reading, Red Bluff Municipal, Red Lake, Red Lodge Monte, Red Lodge Valle, Red Oak, Red River Monte, Red River Valle, Redding, Redmond, Redwood Falls, Reedsville, Reelfoot Lake, Reese Afb, Reno, Renton Municipal, Rhinelander, Rice Lake Municipal, Richland, Richmond, Rickenbacker, Ricketts Glen State Park, Rifle, Riggins Monte, Riggins Valle, Riverside Municipal, Riverton Raob, Riviera Beach, Roanoke, Roanoke Island, Roanoke Rapids, Rochester, Rock Springs, Rockaway, Rockford, Rockland, Rockport, Rocky Mount-wilson, Rocky Mountains National Park Monte, Rocky Mountains National Park Valle, Rogers, Rohoboth Beach, Rolla, Rome, Roosevelt, Roseburg, Roseglen, Roswell, Royal Gorge, Ruidoso Monte, Ruidoso Regional, Ruidoso Valle, Rumford, Russell Municipal, Rutland, Rutland State, Sabine Pass, Sacramento, Sacramento Metro, Saginaw, Saguaro National Park, Saint Croix State Park, Saint Ignace, Saint Joseph, Saint Micheals, Saint Paul), Salem, Salem Leckrone, Salida, Salina, Salinas Municipal, Salinas National Monument, Salisburg, Salisbury Regional, Salmon, Salmon Monte, Salmon Valle, Salt Fork State Park, Salt Lake City, Sam A. Baxter State Park, Samoa, San Angelo, San Antonio, San Bernandino, San Bernandino National Forest, San Carlos Airport, San Diego, San Francisco, San Gabriel Mountains, San Jose, San Juan Islands, San Luis Obispo, San Marcos, San Nicholas Island, Sandburg, Sanderson, Sandusky, Sandwich, Sandy Hook, Sanford, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Island, Santa Fe, Santa Maria Public, Santa Monica, Santa Rosa, Santa Teresa, Saranac Lake, Sarasota, Sarasota Bradenton, Sault Sainte Marie, Sault Ste Marie, Sausalito, Savanna Portage State Park, Savannah, Sawtooth National Recreation Area Monte, Sawtooth National Recreation Area Valle, Schenectady Airport, Scituate, Scott Afb, Scottsbluff, Scottsdale, Scranton, Scripps Pier, Sea World, Seaside, Seattle, Sebago Lake, Sedalia Memorial, Sedona Airport, Seguin Island, Selfridge, Seminoe State Park, Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park, Seward, Sexton Summit, Seymour Johnson, Shaw Afb, Sheboygan, Sheldon, Shelter Cove, Shelton, Shenandoah, Shenandoah National Park, Sheridan, Sherman Denison, Show Low Municipal, Shreveport, Sidney, Sidney Richland, Siloam Spring, Silver Bay, Silver City, Silver Falls State Park, Sinks Canyon State Park Monte, Sinks Canyon State Park Valle, Sioux City, Sioux Falls, Sitka, Siuslaw River, Skagway, Smith Island, Smith Pt, Smithville, Smyrna, Snoqualmie Monte, Snoqualmie Valle, Snow Summit, Snow Valley, Socorro, Soda Springs, Solana Beach, Somerset, Songsong, South Bend, South Kona, South St Paul, Southern Pines, Southwest Harbor, Spartanburg, Spearfish, Spencer, Spencer Beach Park, Spickard, Spokane, Spout Springs Monte, Spout Springs Valle, Spring Mill State Park, Springdale, Springfield, Springfld, Squaw Valley Monte, Squaw Valley Valle, St George Reef, St Joseph, St. Augustine, St. Cloud, St. Helena, St. Helena Island, St. Johns Air Park, St. Johnsbury, St. Joseph, St. Louis, St. Paul, St. Petersburg, St. Simon Island, St. Simon's Island, St.clair County, St.Louis, Stampede Pass, State College, Staunton, Steamboat Springs, Steamboat Springs Monte, Steamboat Springs Valle, Stephenville, Sterling, Sterling Rockfalls, Stevens Pass Monte, Stevens Pass Valle, Stevens Point, Stillpond, Stillwater, Stockton, Stockton Metro, Storm Lake, Stowe, Strevell, Sturgeon Bay, Sturgis, Sullivans Island, Sumner Lake State Park, Sun Valley Monte, Sun Valley Valle, Sundance Valle, Sunrise Ski Area Monte, Sunrise Ski Area Valle, Sunriver, Sunset Beach Park, Surf City, Surfside, Susanville, Swansboro, Syracuse, Table Rock Lake Area, Tacoma, Tacoma Narrows, Tahlequah, Tahoe City, Tahquamenon Falls State Park, Tallahassee, Tampa, Tanglewood, Taos, Taos Pueblo, Tawas Point, Tekamah (asos), Telluride Regional, Temple, Terminal Island, Terre Haute, Teterboro Airport, Texarkana, The Dalles, Theodore Roosevelt National Park, Thief River, Thomas Point, Thompson Falls, Thunder Bay Island, Tillamook Bay, Tinker, Titusville, Tobyhanna, Toledo, Toledo Express, Toledo Winlock, Tonopah, Tonopah Airport, Tooele, Topeka, Torrance Municipal, Traverse City, Treasure Island, Trenton, Trinidad Head, Troy Municipal, Truckee Tahoe, Tucson, Tucumcari Municipal, Tulsa, Tupelo, Tupper Lake, Tuscaloosa, Tuscon, Tustin, Twin Falls, Two Harbors, Two Rivers, Tybee Island, Tyler, Tyndall, Uhiah, Umpqua River, Utica, Vail Monte, Vail Valle, Valdez, Valdosta, Valentine, Valley of the Gods, Van Nuys Airport, Vance, Vandenberg, Venice (loran), Venice Pier, Ventura Harbor, Vernal, Vero Beach, Vicksburg, Victoria Regional, Vincennes, Virgina City, Virginia Beach, Virginia Tech, Visalia, Volens, Volk, Voyageurs National Park, W. Houston, Waco, Waikii, Waikiki Beach, Wailea, Wailuku, Waimanalo Beach, Waimea, Waimea Canyon State Park, Waimea Kohala, Wake Island, Walla Walla, Wallowa Lake State Park Monte, Wallowa Lake State Park Valle, Walnut Ridge, Walt Disney World, Warner Robins, Warren, Warroad, Washington, Waterloo, Watertown, Waukesha, Wausau Municipal, Waycross, Weirwood, Wenatchee, Wendover, West Jonesport, West Palm Beach, West Plains, West Ship Island, West Yellowstone, Westfield, Westport, Wheaton, Wheeler, Wheeling, Whiskeytown Shasta Trinity National Recr, White Sands National Monument, White Sands Test, Whiteface Mountain, Whitefield, Whiteman, Wichita, Wildwood, Willapa Harbor, Williams, Williamsburg, Williamsport, Willimantic, Williston, Willmar, Willoughby, Willow Grove, Wilmette (marines), Wilmington, Wilmington Airpark, Wilmington Airport, Winchester, Wind River Range, Wink, Winnemucca, Winnipesaukee Lake, Winona, Winslow, Winston Salem, Winter Haven, Wiscasset, Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin Rapids, Wise, Witicha Falls, Wolf Point, Wood Island, Worcester, Worland Municipal, Worthington, Wrangell - Saint Elias National Park DOW, Wrangell - Saint Elias National Park Monte, Wrightsville Beach, Yakima, Yankton, Yaquina Bay, Yellowstone, Yellowstone National Park Monte, Yellowstone National Park Valle, York, Yosemite National Park Monte, Yosemite National Park Valle, Youngstown, Yuma, Zanesville, Zion National Park Monte, Zion National Park Valle.
Martedì 21: Al Nord nuvoloso con piogge sul Nord Est, Alpi e prealpi nel pomeriggio. Al centro nuvolosità diffusa sul settore Tirrenico con leggere piogge, spesse velature nuvolose anche sul settore Adriatico. Al Sud nubi sparse e in aumento in serata. Poco nuvoloso sulle due isole maggiori
Nel fine settimana dopo un periodo di accesa variabilità e temporali sparsi vedremo l'ingresso di una nuova perturbazione Atlantica che andrà ad interessare inizialmente le regioni settentrionali per poi espandersi anche sulle regioni centrali.
|Meteo Milano
|1009 hPa
|Meteo Torino
|1009 hPa
|Meteo Genova
|1010 hPa
|Meteo Venezia
|1009 hPa
|Meteo Aosta
|1012 hPa
|Meteo Trento
|1008 hPa
|Meteo Trieste
|1010 hPa
|Meteo Bologna
|1010 hPa
|Meteo Firenze
|1012 hPa
|Meteo Ancona
|1011 hPa
|Meteo Perugia
|1010 hPa
|Meteo L'Aquila
|1013 hPa
|Meteo Bari
|1013 hPa
|Meteo Roma
|1014 hPa
|Meteo Napoli
|1015 hPa
|Meteo Potenza
|1014 hPa
|Meteo Campobasso
|1013 hPa
|Meteo Cagliari
|1015 hPa
|Meteo Catanzaro
|1015 hPa
|Meteo Palermo
|1017 hPa


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Pink Takes Fans on Tour in 'Walk of Shame' Video
Pink released a live video for 'Walk of Shame,' essentially taking fans on tour with her, which is not a bad place to be. The performance-driven clip captures the singer's live show. Strap yourselves and go along for the ride with Alecia Beth Moore.
The clip is comprised of live footage culled from performances. We watch Pink do her acrobatic dances, interact with fans and generally be her awesome self. She also flaunts those rock hard abs in her belly-baring stage clothes.
She's sexy and tough as hell and she invites us into her world in this clip.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Swarovski Pendants - Swarovski Factory Packs
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text:
Extending stored programs with Java is a very popular solution. PL/SQL is essential to the process of stored Java class libraries. PL/SQL wraps access to the Java class libraries, which means PL/SQL becomes the gate through which data moves to and from Java stored objects.
This chapter stands independent of others in the book since all its content works in currently supported versions of the Oracle database. We'll be covering the following topics:
- Java architecture in Oracle
- Oracle JDBC connection types
Client-side driver, or JDBC thin driver
Oracle call interface driver, or middle-tier thick driver
Oracle server-side internal driver, or server-tier thick driver
Building Java class libraries in Oracle
Building internal server Java functions
Building internal server Java procedures
Building internal server Java objects
Troubleshooting Java class library build, load, drop, and use
- Mapping Oracle types
This chapter introduces you to the big picture of thehows small boxes ne Oracle Java architecture. After explaining the architecture, you'll see how to develop and extend Java components as application programming components.
Why Would I Use This?
We'll use PL/SQL to interface between stored Java class libraries and other PL/SQL stored and anonymous block programs. We'll also map native and user-defined data types between Oracle and Java to write effective interfaces and support external Java Server Pages (JSPs).
The Oracle 9i and 10g databases provide a robust architecture for developing server-side or internal Java programming components. Java components are Object-Oriented (OO) structures that fit naturally into Oracle's Object-Relational model. The component architecture is a library stack that contains
- Platform-dependent operating systems, like UNIX, LINUX, and Microsoft Windows
- Platform-dependent Oracle database management files and libraries
- Oracle database instance Java Virtual Machine, which is platform independent
- Java core class libraries, which are ported to various platforms
- Oracle-supported Java Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), like SQLJ, JDBC, and JNDI
- Oracle PL/SQL stored objects, which provide an interface between SQL and PL/SQL programs, as well as server-side Java classes
The Oracle and Java libraries store and manage application programs like a ubiquitous file system. Together they mask the structures and limitations of operating systems. Oracle libraries make storing, retrieving, and recovering files a standard process across many diverse platforms. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) provides a standard environment where you can build well-documented OO programs. Oracle PL/SQL enables the development of wrapper packages to access Java libraries from other PL/SQL stored objects and SQL.
The architecture of the Oracle JVM is shown in the following illustration:
Oracle JVM uses two types of namespaces, the long name and short name. The long name is exactly as the class is named in Java. You can call stored Java programs by their native namespace. While the chapter examples are short and not placed into packages, you'll most likely put your Java programs into packages. The namespace for Java stored code includes the entire package hierarchy. When this is larger than 30 characters, Oracle uses a hashed namespace in the data dictionary views. Use the DBMS_JAVA package and LONGNAME function to get the full namespace. You can also use the DBMS_JAVA package and SHORTNAME function to get the short name.
The JVM enjoys automated storage management, which means you do not need to allocate and free memory explicitly. Also, Java is a strongly typed programming language like PL/SQL. The combination of strong typing and a garbage collector to manage memory provides a scalable and simplified environment like the PL/SQL runtime engine.
Both Java and PL/SQL are interpreted languages and they require Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation. Oracle 9i introduces native compilation for PL/SQL and Java programs. Native compilation enables Ahead-of-Time compilation. It changes PL/SQL and Java byte code into machine-executable programming code.
Native compilation speeds execution by eliminating JIT compilation delay. Unfortunately, it takes time to compile the interpreted languages programs into machine code. If you rarely change your code, the trade-off may be worth using native compilation.
There are three ways to put Oracle into the database instance. Your options are
- A two-step process: (a) compiling the Java source file, <file_name> .java, with the javac executable to generate a Java byte code program, and (b) using the Oracle loadjava utility to put the file into the database instance.
- A one-step process using the loadjava utility to compile and put the Java class file into the database instance.
- A one-step process using Data Definition Language to build and compile the Java source file as a stored Java class.
There are occasionally parser problems in Oracle 9i R1 and using DDL commands to build the Java program can fail. These are fixed in 9i R2 and later versions. Java source files will be compiled and then loaded into the database instance with the loadjava utility in all examples.
If you opt to use the one-steploadjava utility, please note you may encounter an ORA-29533 error for attempting to overwrite the file.The replace option in theloadjava utility does not work in some releases. Use dropjava with the –user option and the <file_name>.class before rerunning theloadjava utility.
This chapter assumes you have a basic familiarity with Java. Basic familiarity means that you can compile and run Java programs. Sample command-line instructions are provided in the chapter examples, but Appendix D provides a basic tutorial as well as Java environment configuration instructions.
Java stored program units are like traditional PL/SQL program units. They are called with either definer's-rights or invoker's-rights access from a single session. There are differences between how Java works externally and internally within the Oracle database instance. The differences are qualified in the following:
Execution control differs substantially from native Java. External to the Oracle instance, Java applications contain a main() method, which is invoked to run the program. Java programs internal to the instance do not contain a main() method. Java programs stored in an Oracle instance have two types of behaviors. They are
Java stored programs that serve as packages with functions and procedures are not instantiable classes. All variables and methods for these programs must be static, which means they act as class methods. This fixes their scope as mirrors of PL/SQL packages with functions and procedures. The coding syntax changes as does their accessibility to external Java applications.
Java stored programs that serve as object type body implementations can be instantiable classes. Variables and methods may be static and nonstatic. Unlike external Java classes, they cannot have overriding constructors, only a single default constructor. They are instantiated by implementing the SQLData interface defined in the JDBC2 API, and instantiation involves mapping data types between PL/SQL and Java.
- Java classes are stored in clear text, Java byte code, and compressed Java archives externally to the Oracle database instance. Oracle manages these as source, class, and resource Java objects. Schemas contain a JAVA$OPTIONS table, which can be accessed and configured by the DBMS_JAVA package, the SET_COMPILER_OPTION and RESET_ COMPILER_OPTION procedures, or the GET_COMPILER_OPTION function.
- User interfaces are not supported for internal Java class files. This means there's no way to directly display to console or native sound device(s). Sound files can be manipulated from within Oracle, but they do not have access to the native sound devices. Oracle 10g differs slightly from Oracle 9i because it uses Java SDK 1.4.x, which supports Headless AWT.
- Internal Oracle Java class names are maintained in two forms. One is the short form that supports standard schema database objects and is limited to 30 characters. When a fully qualified package and class name exceeds the limit, Oracle automatically creates a hashed name as the class short name and stores the long name elsewhere.
- The standard Java Class.forName() isn't supported for internal Oracle Java classes. Oracle 9i and Oracle 10g support the use of multiple resolvers, which locate classes. You can get unexpected results from a search expecting one resolver that runs another.
- Operating resources are restricted. You can only alter these as the privileged user SYSDBA. Use the DBMS_JAVA package and GRANT_PERMISSION procedure to open operating resources like file IO.
- Java threading works differently for Oracle internal Java classes. The Oracle JVM uses a nonpreemptive threading model. This means that all threads run in a single operating system thread and the Oracle JVM merely switches contexts between threads. Switching context means that the Oracle JVM spawns one thread for a time slice and then another, in a round-robin fashion, until all threads complete.
The version of Oracle that you're using does dictate which version of the Java Software Development Kit you should use. For simplification, all examples were done using Java SDK 1.3.x, supported in Oracle 9i. They also work in Java SDK 1.4.x.
The Oracle Java Developer's Guide lists two key error codes, but there are a number of others. Rather than list these error codes, we've included a troubleshooting section later in the chapter titled "Troubleshooting Java Class Library Build, Load, Drop, and Use."
Now that you've reviewed the key components of the Oracle Java architecture, in the next section we'll introduce you to the various JDBC drivers.{mospagebreak title=Oracle JDBC Connection Types}
Oracle implements the Java Database Connection (JDBC) in three ways in order to meet three different needs. These are the thin, thick, and default connections. Respectively, they map to the client-side driver, the call interface driver (or middle-tier driver), and the server-side (or internal) driver. In the next sections, you'll examine all three.The Client-Side Driver, or JDBC Thin Driver
The Oracle thin connection is probably the most used by Java applications, Java Server Pages (JSPs), and Enterprise Java Beans (EJBs). It provides many advantages to building code without directly accessing Oracle library files.
The advantages of the Oracle JDBC thin driver are numerous for external Java applications because it requires the least setup and configuration. First though, make sure your Java programming environment has access to the standard Java library and the Oracle JDBC library. You can set this up by configuring your CLASSPATH environment variable, which should include the Oracle classes12.zip Java archive file. You can find details about how to set these in Appendix D at the back of the book.
Unfortunately, you can't use the Oracle thin JDBC driver unless you've configured and started your database listener. You'll likewise need to provide the host name, listener port number, database name, and your user ID and password each time you spawn a connection to the database instance.
Why Would I Use This?
You need to know what your options are when connecting Java programs to the Oracle database. When you know how they work, you're in a better position to select the correct JDBC driver to then connect your programs to the Oracle instance.
We find Java a very useful extension to the Oracle programming stack. Unfortunately, we also find it is critical to understand the nuances of your choices before matching a technology to a problem. We believe if you
The Oracle client-side or thin driver returns a rather meaningless error message if the host name, listener port number, or database name is incorrect. In fact, it will report a 17002 error. This error is found in Oracle's implementation of the JDBC API. Appendix D demonstrates a clean mechanism to audit for the error.
The uses of the Oracle JDBC thin driver are limited to external Java applications, JSPs, and EJBs. A multithreaded Java servlet is an example of a Java application that would implement an Oracle JDBC thin driver file. Oracle JDBC thin connections can be optimistic or pessimistic connections.
Optimistic connections are temporary connections transmitted using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which are limited to a 15-second pipelined TCP socket connection. These are ideal for JSPs but resource-expensive because they must establish a connection for each communication.
Pessimistic connections are typically transmitted using a state-aware TCP socket that's open through the duration of the connection. Pessimistic connections are used by multithreaded Java servlets to create and maintain database connection pools. Java servlets can be implemented in two-tier or n-tier solutions, and avoid resource-expensive short-lived connections and disconnections across HTTP.The Oracle Call Interface Driver, or Middle-Tier Thick Driver
The Oracle call interface (OCI) driver is more tightly coupled with the Oracle C/C++ libraries than the Oracle JDBC thin driver. If you use the Oracle JDBC call interface (or middle-tier thick) driver, you'll need to ensure that the PATH, CLASSPATH, and LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variables map to Oracle libraries. The libraries need to be on the same physical platform or map through a storage area network (SAN), like NFS in UNIX.
The OCI driver can maintain persistent connection pools through Java servlets. The performance of the OCI driver is often slower than the Oracle JDBC thin driver. As a rule, you'll have an easier configuration if you use the Oracle JDBC thin driver in your servlet. Also, you won't suffer performance degradation if you maintain active connection pools in your Java servlet.The Oracle Server-Side Internal Driver, or Server-Tier Thick Driver
The Oracle server-side internal driver is likewise tightly coupled with, and dependent on, the Oracle C/C++ libraries. Unfortunately, there's no other choice available to build Java programs as stored objects in the Oracle database.
The Oracle server-side internal driver uses the defaultConnection() method of the Connection class to connect to the database. This poses a bit of a testing problem if you want to test the Java program externally. It's best if you test the Java code in your development instance and avoid building a work-around.
Unlike the OCI driver, the server-side internal drive is faster than the Oracle JDBC thin driver. As you read the chapter and examine the code, you'll find that embedding Java in the Oracle database requires a few tricks and techniques.
The next section examines how to build and troubleshoot class libraries and instantiable Java stored objects.
{mospagebreak title=Building Java Class Libraries in Oracle}
When you choose to build Java class libraries, you have two deployment choices. You can build call-interface driven (middle-tier) or server-side Java class libraries.
Call-interface libraries act like server-side includes to your Apache server. They must be replicated to all nodes of your Apache server and are managed within the structure of your web server load-balancing tool. These components act like external programs that call into the Oracle server and are better treated in Enterprise Java books.
Why Would I Use This?
You need to know when a Java class belongs as an internal or external library. We find Java libraries deployed internally in the database have well-defined but narrow uses. Likewise, we find external libraries to be powerful components but less convenient than locally stored objects. You will need to understand these two technologies to make good deployment choices.
While call-interface driver or middle-tier Java class libraries are not directly covered, they do require direct reference in their path to the Oracle OCI libraries. The OCI libraries are in the Oracle Application Server but not on other web servers.
Server-side Java class libraries are stored objects within the Oracle JVM, which is a subcomponent of the Oracle database. Server-side Java class libraries are the core theme of this chapter. In the next two sections, you'll learn how to build internal server Java functions and procedures.
If you're unfamiliar with configuring and testing a Java JDBC connection, please check Appendix D for instructions.
Java programming ranges from simple to complex, but these examples should be straightforward. You have two core executables to run Java programs, which you'll use in the examples. They are
- javac Compiles your text file Java programs into Java byte code
- java Runs your compiled Java byte code programs
The file-naming convention in Java is case-sensitive so you should ensure you name files consistent with the web-based code example files. If you attempt to compile a Java file when the file name and class name are different, you'll receive an error. Also, the file extension for Java programs is a lowercase .java.
You'll now build a simple HelloWorld1.java file to make sure the balance of the examples works. If you're working in Microsoft Windows, please open a Command Prompt Window. If you're working in UNIX, please use a terminal window. The following is the code for HelloWorld.java:
— Available online as part of HelloWorld1.java file.
// Class definition.
public class HelloWorld1
// ————————————–/
// Static main to print Hello World.
public static void main(String args[])
// Print the message to console.
System.out.println("Hello World.");
} // End of static main.
// ————————————–/
} // End of HelloWorld1 class.
Java text files are compiled by the following syntax:
javac HelloWorld1.java
Successful compilation does not return anything to the console. The lack of any message is a good thing. The way to verify whether or not you have a Java byte code file is to run the Microsoft Windows directory (dir) command or UNIX list (ls) command for files matching HelloWorld1.* in the present working directory. You should see two files displayed to the console:
After building the Java byte code compiled program, you can test its execution by doing the following:
java HelloWorld1
You do not provide the .class extension when running Java programs because it is assumed. Appending .class to the file name will raise the following exception: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: HelloWorld1/class.
You can also raise the java.lang .NoClassDefFoundError: HelloWorld1/class error if you do not have your present working directory in your PATH and CLASSPATH environment variables.
You'll receive the following results:
Hello World.
The next section covers how you build server-side or internal server Java programming units. You'll learn how to build Java class files to support stored functions and procedures and how to wrap their existence in PL/SQL packages. The following two sections are sequential and the second section assumes you have worked through the first.
{mospagebreak title=Building Internal Server Java Functions}
You build an internal server Java function by building a Java class file that will use the server-side internal or JDBC thick connection. As qualified earlier in the chapter, the JDBC thick connection depends on Oracle Call Interface (OCI) libraries. All OCI libraries are directly accessible from your Java class file when you've loaded it into the Oracle JVM.
Java internal or server-side class files are built and accessed by a three-step process. You use Java to build and compile the class file. Then, you use the Oracle loadjava utility to load the compiled class file into the server. Once built and loaded into the server, you build a PL/SQL wrapper to the Java class library.
The following assumes you have the correct CLASSPATH and PATH to use Java. If you are unable to compile or test the Java programs, it's possible your environment is configured incorrectly. As mentioned earlier, you should use Appendix D to ensure you have correctly configured your environment.
The example builds a Java class library with two methods. These methods are overloaded, which means they have different signatures or formal parameter lists. They each return a variable length character array or Java string. Both of the overloaded methods will map to two overloaded PL/SQL functions that return VARCHAR2 native Oracle data types. The code for HelloWorld2.java follows:
Why Would I Use This?
We use internal server Java functions for the same reasons we write PL/SQL functions, which is to process and return a result that does not involve Data Manipulation Language (DML) commands. Java functions have the ability to mirror PL/SQL functions and call external libraries to leverage Java Archive Repository (JAR) files.
This feature is very effective when we have an application written in Java and want to enable the development team to write their server-side code in the same language. We have found that enabling them to stay in Java minimizes errors.
— Available online as part of HelloWorld2.java file.
// Oracle class imports.
import oracle.jdbc.driver.*;
// Class definition.
public class HelloWorld2
// ————————————–/
// The Hello method.
public static String hello()
// Call overloaded method with a null String.
return "Hello World.";
} // End of hello() method.
// ————————————–/ // The hello method.
public static String hello(String name)
// Call overloaded method with a null String.
return "Hello " + name + ".";
} // End of hello() method.
// ————————————–/
// Static main to test instance outside of Oracle.
public static void main(String args[])
// Print the return message to console.
// Print the return message to console.
} // End of static main.
// ————————————–/
} // End of HelloWorld2 class.
The program does the following:
- It defines a single class with two Hello() class methods. The methods are overloaded, which means they have different signatures or formal parameter lists. They are both static methods because only static methods can be referenced by a PL/SQL wrapper package. Static methods do not require an instance of the class to run. They function much like a function in C or a PL/SQL stored package function.
- It defines a main() method, which you can use to test the program before loading it into the Oracle database instance. The main() method will be ignored when the class file is loaded into the Oracle instance. In the main method, both static Hello() and Hello(String name) methods are called and the result passed as an actual parameter to the console.
As a rule, you want to remove testing components like the main() method before loading them into the database. If they are left, they have no effect on the stored Java class library.
Use the following syntax to test the program with the Java utility:
java HelloWorld2
The following output will be displayed to the console:
Hello World.
Hello Larry.
If you have not built the PLSQL schema, please run the create_user.sql script now. When you have the PLSQL schema built, compile it with the javac utility, as covered earlier in the chapter. Once compiled you'll load it into the Oracle JVM with the loadjava utility as follows:
loadjava -r -f -o -user plsql/plsql HelloWorld2.class
On the Microsoft platform, you may get a message that states "The procedure entry point kpuhhalo could not be located in the dynamic link library OCI.dll." If you receive this error, it means you don't have %ORACLE_HOMEbin% in your PATH environment variable.
The loadjava utility command loads the Java HelloWorld2 class file into the Oracle JVM under the PLSQL schema. After loading the Java class file into the database, you'll need to build a PL/SQL wrapper to use it. The following HelloWorld2.sql script builds the package and package body as a wrapper to the Java class library:
— Available online as part of HelloWorld2.sql file.
— Create a PL/SQL wrapper package to a Java class file.
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE hello_world2 AS
— Define a null argument function.
FUNCTION hello
— Define a one argument function.
FUNCTION hello
( who VARCHAR2 )
END hello_world2;
— Create a PL/SQL wrapper package to a Java class file.
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY hello_world2 AS
— Define a null argument function.
FUNCTION hello
NAME 'HelloWorld2.Hello() return String';
— Define a null argument function.
FUNCTION hello
( who VARCHAR2 )
NAME 'HelloWorld2.Hello(java.lang.String) return String';
END hello_world2;
The script does the following:
- It creates a package with two overloaded Hello functions that return VARCHAR2 data types. One is a null argument signature and the other has one formal parameter.
- It creates a package body with two overloaded Hello functions that implement a stored Java class file. The PL/SQL NAME keyword provides a reference to the stored Java class file and the return value. You must fully qualify formal parameters by using the complete package path to the defined class, like the java.lang.String reference. The return type can be shortened to String because Oracle understands it as the external data type.
You can verify all components are present to test by querying the user_ objects view with the following:
— Available online as part of HelloWorld2.sql file.
SELECT object_name
, object_type
, status
FROM user_objects
WHERE object_name IN ('HelloWorld2′,'HELLO_WORLD2');
The script should output the following results:
— This output is generated from the online HelloWorld2.sql file.
——————– ———— ——
HELLO_WORLD2 PACKAGE VALID HELLO_WORLD2 PACKAGE BODY VALID HelloWorld2 JAVA CLASS VALID
If you did not get the same output, you'll need to see what step you may have skipped. Please do that before attempting to proceed. If you did get the same output, you can now test the Java class library in SQL and PL/SQL. You can test it in SQL with a query or in PL/SQL with the DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE statement. The following illustrates a SQL query of the wrapper, which uses the internal Java class file:
SELECT hello_world2.hello('Paul McCartney') FROM dual;
The query will return the following results:
Hello Paul McCartney.
You have now covered how to build Oracle database instance-stored Java class files that map methods to functions. The next section will examine how you build components to deliver procedure behavior.


text:
Marcy's making curtains for a number of the rooms in her new home. Since she was still busy unpacking and moving in, she also decided that she'd tackle the rooms one week at a time. To keep it simple, she decided she'd start with the main rooms and then finish up the odds and ends as she got to them. Of course, she ruefully admitted that her plan to keep it simple didn't include the curtains – she soon realized that each room was going to end up with a different style of curtain. Determine each main room (one was the living room), what week she tackled each room, and the color (one was brown) and style of the curtains that she hung in each room.
1. She worked on the bathroom a week before the room with the green goblet curtains.
2. The office, which didn't have green curtains, was the last room she worked on but she didn't add the eyelet curtains.
3. The kitchen had yellow curtains but they weren't the tab top style.
4. The master bedroom was completed the week before the room with the cased curtains but the week after the room with the blue curtains.
5. The room she worked on the first week had pleated box curtains but they weren't blue.
6. The office didn't have the cased style curtains. The room that she worked on during the 4th week got tan curtains.
If you enjoyed
this puzzle and want to play another one online, go
here for another online logic problem.
Last Update
December 1, 2011


text:
My neighbor has one of those flowers that bloom once a year in the middle of the night.
I know this because she yawned at the bridge table and said 'Excuse me, I was up all night with a pot plant.'
You can tell we play serious bridge, dedicated bridge when we can be easily distracted by such a statement.
She explained that this particular plant had sat in a corner, so to speak, and been totally ignored. "I had forgotten about it," she said. "To my surprise," she continued, "I noticed the other day, it had buds that were about to open. So, last night, sure enough, it bloomed, beautiful white blossoms. And," she added, "I'm hoping they will open again tonight."
"Call me," I said. Then changed my mind. "No,don't call me. Tell you what, if I wake up for my usual trip to the loo, I'll ride on over to see."
When we lived in Hawaii, Punahou School in Honolulu had a night-flowering cereus that attracted people from all over Oahu when it bloomed and I have always regretted not driving over the Pali from Kailua to see this front-page event.
And here was an exotic cousin right down the road.
So, it was that at 0419 hours the next morning, I found myself in my nightgown parked in Skippy's driveway. Muttering, "What in the world are you doing?" I headed around the corner of her house.
It was pitch-black dark.
I shone my flashlight on the back stoop and there she was, the Queen of the Night.
To my dismay, what had been gorgeous blooms were closed and didn't look as though they had any intention of ever opening again.
A picture would be proof that I had not been sleepwalking and I aimed my camera at where I thought Queenie was.
You can not hold a flashlight and use a camera at the same time.
It took three shots before I managed to get a fairly decent picture.
Praying that the neighbors wouldn't think sneak thieves were about, I stumbled back towards my car.
Determined mosquitoes whined and whined around my head. I was convinced at least one was full of West Nile virus and the headlines would read something like "Local Flower Lover Infected With Deadly Virus."
It took no time at all to drive home and crawl back into my bed.
Maybe when the Queen of the Night decides to bloom next year, I'll get to see this elusive wonder plant in all its glory.
Remind me to get one of those flashlights that you wear on a headband.


text:
On our site, donors are chatting up a storm about CEO Compensation. Donors are expressing their outrage at what they perceive to be excessive CEO pay at charities like the American Cancer Society, USO, American Heart Association, Easter Seals, National Headquarters, Trinity Broadcasting Network, and Wildlife Conservation Society. With the average American earning under $40,000, it is easy to see why nonprofit CEO salaries as low as $133,510 are drawing criticism.
While it is true that some charity executives receive outrageously high salaries, our research shows that the typical charity CEO earns about $145,000 a year. We're talking about multi-million dollar operations that require leaders that possess both savvy business skills as well as the expertise to meet the institution's charitable goals. So really, isn't this level of
In fact, $145,000 looks like a bargain when we contrast it with what their corporate counterparts are earning. According to USA Today and Salary.com, corporate CEOs are paid about $1 million annually. Add to that their various stock options and bonuses and corporate leaders are taking home $11 million a year.


text:
I chose Northwest because I like the Christian ideals and I also like the cross-cultural experiences that they offer.Watch the Video
What I liked about Northwest was that everyone, from the Dean to the secretary, were supportive and rooting for you along the way. I was also a transfer student and so this was my second career and for getting into a program it was an easy transition, so it seemed like it fit best.Watch the Video
For my experience I went to Calcutta, India. And we worked in the hospital that Mark and Huldah Buntain founded, which our nursing program is named after them. So it was a neat experience to work in their hospital.Watch the Video
Well working in the ICU there and also working in an ICU here in America, it's been an eye opener to be thankful for what we have. But also to understand that every culture has different processes and how they do it isn't necessarily bad, but it still works.Watch the Video
I currently work in the critical care unit at Overlake Hospital.Watch the Video
Nursing programs in general are difficult. And having the Christian support and having the Christian ideals that help you along the way really make the whole process of going through nursing school a lot easier.Watch the Video


text:
Topic: Boba Fett Magnet
I was just wondering how many of you out there who care about such things have been able to get ahold of the Kotobukiya BF "Real Mask# collection Magnet as seen here...
http://www.starwarsguide.net/article.ph … 4105254329
I bought three boxes and never found a single Fett. I finally gave up and bought him on auction...and I live in Japan where you would think it might be easier to come across one.
[url=http://www.bobafettfanclub.com/multimedia/galleries/thumbnails.php?album=lastupby&uid=1624]My Fan Art[/url]


text: Since I disable functions that ispconfig needs to run properly it becomes unusable. There is a way to have a custom php.ini for ispconfig: place your custom php.ini settings in /etc/php5/cgi/php.ispconfig.ini edit /var/www/php-fcgi-scripts/ispconfig/.php-fcgi-starter add -c /etc/php5/cgi/php.ispconfig.ini to exec /usr/bin/php-cgi so it looks like this: Code: exec /usr/bin/php-cgi -c /etc/php5/cgi/php.ispconfig.ini -d magic_quotes_gpc=off -d session.save_path=/usr/local/ispconfig/server/temp This works. Will the custom changes be overwritten? Is there a better/safer way to do this?


text:
Kenneth John Frederick
Kenneth John Frederick, 68, former Coleman Co. employee, passed away Wednesday, Aug. 29, 2012. Memorial services were Tuesday at Peabody Christian Church, Peabody.
He was preceded in death by his father, John Frederick; sons, Daniel and Lloyd Frederick; daughter, Tina Frederick; and two brothers.
Survivors include wife, Cheryl; mother, Cecelia Frederick; sons, Michael (Kimberly), Paul (Tamela), and Clement Frederick; stepson, Michael West; daughter, Lora Frederick; stepdaughter, Heidi (James) Nagel; four brothers; two sisters, 14 grandchildren; and seven great-grandchildren.
Memorial contributions may be made to American Kidney Foundation. Share condolences at http://www.cozinememorial.com. Services by Broadway Mortuary.
Last modified Sept. 6, 2012


text:
Scofflaw Cocktail
The word "Scofflaw" has come to mean "A person who flouts the law, especially an unsustainable one." But such was not always the case. It was in 1923, when Delcevare King, a member of the Anti-Saloon League, posed a contest to create a new word in order to combat the continued drinking which was going on during American Prohibition. The new word was to be one "which best expresses the idea of a lawless drinker, menace, scoffer, bad citizen, or whatnot, with the biting power of 'scab' or 'slacker.'" The $200 prize elicited a huge response. On January 16th, 1924, the Boston Herald announced the winning word as "scofflaw", with the winnings shared by the two Boston area residents, Henry Irving Dale and Kate L. Butler, who both submitted it.
This was not the end of the story however, in just a little over a week, a salvo was launched from Harry's New York Bar in Paris, where they created a new drink and christened it the "Scofflaw".
1 oz canadian whisky
1 oz dry vermouth
dash grenadine
1/4 oz lemon juice
dash Angostura Orange Bitters
Stir with ice, strain into a cocktail glass.
Garnish with an orange twist.
George R. Welch 30 Nov 2009
5:35 am
Stirred not shaken? This seems to violate the famous Robert Hess rule for shaken-vs-stirred. Maybe you were just having fun?
blair frodelius 30 Nov 2009
6:06 am
You know, I'm thinking that this needs more than a dash of grenadine. How about equal parts grenadine and lemon juice?
Vince Brytus 30 Nov 2009
6:07 am
I thought the same thing. See, you have us trained.
I figured you shot this right after the Fancy Free and didn't bother with the shaker. A drink can always be stirred, but not always shaken.
Robert Hess 30 Nov 2009
9:26 am
I tend to favor stirred cocktails, even when the ingredients would "allow" them to be shaken, and the small amount of lemon juice in this makes it a drink that actually does benefit visually from being stirred. And as Vince says, a drink can always be stirred, but not always shaken (the Ramos Gin Fizz and such being the exception to that) :->
Justin Victor 30 Nov 2009
9:29 am
Great episode Robert. I have only ever used Crown Royal when using Canadian whiskey in a cocktail. I noticed you used canadian Club. I have had this spirit recommended to me elsewhere as well and am looking foreword to trying it in a scofflaw.
Aaron 5 Dec 2009
11:04 pm
I made these as part of my Repeal Day celebration… Delicious. This cocktail more than any other illustrated to me the importance of the garnish. I got lazy and forgot the orange twist on one of mine, completely different drink.
Michael 20 Jan 2010
2:30 pm
Question #1
Dry Vermouth: French vs. Italian?
I realize that this is a drink that was invented in Paris, and any self-respecting purist would definitely reach for the French dry vermouth. I however am on a budget, and quite frankly do not have the shelf-space for 30 bottles. In fact, I really need to scale back.
So, can anyone break it down if there is an appreciable difference in Martini & Rossi "Extra-Dry" and Noilly Prat "Dry Vermouth"?
Question #2
Vermouth and freshness…
I keep my vermouth in the fridge, as it is only 18% ABV. With normal wine, be it red or white, it deteriorates over time, even in the fridge. Now, I know Robert, said in a previous episode that vermouth will last longer than regular white wine, and keeping it in the fridge will extend that. He went into how one could buy a new bottle and taste it along side an older bottle, and really see the difference. Well, at what point should a Dry Vermouth just be thrown away?
Because I have had a bottle of Dry vermouth for maybe 6 months. But I can't say that I've ever tasted dry vermouth by itself (I like my martini's with Rosso sweet vermouth). So I have a practically full bottle of M&R Extra Dry vermouth, and I don't know if it is bad or not. It certainly didn't taste very good when I took a pull to taste it when making this Scofflaw recipe. Basically, I made the Scofflaw tonight, and I don't think I like it very much, but I want to make sure that it isn't just bad vermouth.
Question #3
I haven't bought a bottle of Canadian whiskey since I was in the 9th grade drinking Crown and Cokes at parties, thinking I was cool. I made my Scofflaw with Bullet's Bourbon. I know and appreciate the huge difference between a Bourbon. I would never use Laphroaig to make an Old Fashioned. But what's the deal with Canadian whiskey? For the Scofflaw, I understand the narrative reasoning behind using Canadian… prohibition and all. But do I really need to have Bourbon, Rye, a blended Scotch, several single malts, AND Canadian whiskey too?
Thanks for your help guys. I realize this is a lot.
blair frodelius 6 Mar 2010
6:32 am
I was making a Scofflaw cocktail last night and grabbed your book instead of Ted Haigh's to check the recipe. They are both wildly different from one another. Which one is the recipe that Harry's Bar created? I'm assuming the one in Ted's book, but if so, where did you get your recipe from?
Robert Hess 7 Mar 2010
6:04 am
I seem to recall a while back running across an original of the article which reported the Scofflaw cocktail and included a recipe, but I can't find it now.
I think my recipe originally came from Paul Harrington's website/book "Cocktail: The drinks bible for the 21st century".
I have a copy of Harry McElhone's "ABC of Mixing Cocktails", who owned "Harry's New York Bar" in Paris at the time (and added "Harry's" to the name when he did), so I would suspect this would have something pretty close to the original? There, it lists the recipe as:
Scoff-law Cocktail
One dash of Orange Bitters, 1/2 Canadian Club, 1/2 French Vermouth, 1/6 Lemon Juice, 1/6 Grenadine.
And then follows this with:
Chicago Tribune, January 17th 1924 : Hardly has Boston added to the Gaiety of the Nations by adding to Webster's Dictionary the opprobrious term of "scoff-law" to indicate the chap who indicts the bootlegger, when Paris comes back with a "wet answer" - Jock, the genial Bartender of Harry's New York Bar, yesterday invented the Scoff-law Cocktail, and it has already become exceedingly popular among American prohibition dodgers.
So my recipe is out of whack mostly because it isn't using the same amount of Grenadine as it is Lemon Juice.
Ted's recipe however is leaving out the orange bitters (but basically correct otherwise), and he also is claiming this would have been made with rye instead of Canadian Whiskey… I think he is wrong there, we are already many years into Prohibition and I would think American Rye whiskey would have been almost impossible to access over in France, but Canadian Whiskey would have been easy. We were seeing many recipe volumes from those days listing Canadian Whiskey for drinks which would have otherwise used American, even the Manhattan, but the Scoff-law was invented during those times, so I feel they would have reached for the Canadian.
Paul Skavland 15 Jul 2010
8:20 am
1) I've made this with Rye and it is great. I'm no expert, but I have been told Canadian whiskies tend to be more Rye-based. Any truth to this?
2) If anyone happens to be in West Seattle, the Feedback Lounge makes a very tasty version of this drink.
Robert Hess 15 Jul 2010
8:38 am
Canadian Whiskies are often referred to as "Rye", but rarely do they have the necessary 51% (or more) rye in their mash bill to qualify as a rye under US guidelines, nor is their flavor character what one typically expects from a traditional American Rye. In general, Canadian Whiskies are smoother/gentler then American Rye or American Bourbon, which I find tends to cause their character to fade a bit to the background when mixed in a cocktail. My preference with Canadian is to use it as a sipping whisky instead. An American Rye is going to have a slightly aggressive, and spicey flavor to it.
As for the Feedback Lounge in West Seattle… absolutely! It's been a while since I've been in, but I was very impressed with them, and recommend them regularly to folks.
Ginty 13 Nov 2011
5:36 pm
My palette agrees with Blair on this one. I bump my grenadine up to match the lemon juice.
Just made this drink tonight and replaced the grenadine with pineapple syrup. ALSO very tasty. This version MIGHT need a new name,...
blair frodelius 5 Dec 2012
3:46 pm
Revisiting this one on 12/5/12, Repeal Day.
My favorite recipe calls for 1.5oz rye whiskey (not Canadian), 1oz dry vermouth, 0.5oz Torani Pomegranate syrup, and 0.5oz lemon juice. It's still pretty tart, but I think the rye boosts the complexity and by using real pomegranate syrup, it gives a "real" flavor that also adds a beauteous color.
Good Spirits News


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With Texas' senators working aggressively to rewrite the border security provisions of the Gang of Eight immigration bill, the chamber passed three amendments to the measure today, two of which were offered by Republicans — just not from Texas.
On the Senate floor today, Sen. Ted Cruz proposed an overhaul to border enforcement through seven new amendments requiring the completion of all 700 miles of the fencing required by law, tripling the number of Border Patrol agents on the southern border, and quadrupling the amount of cameras, sensors, drones, helicopters, and other technology.
Cruz stressed the need for border enforcement in light of projected illegal immigrant apprehensions reaching an all-time high in fiscal year 2013. He said the Gang of Eight bill encourages illegal immigration because it prohibits border enforcement officials from apprehending those who appear to be eligible to apply for legal status.
"It handcuffs law enforcement from enforcing our immigration laws," Cruz said of the bill.
Meanwhile, Sen. John Cornyn returned to the Senate floor once again to plug his RESULTS amendment, which would require 100 percent operational control of the Southwest border before undocumented immigrants could obtain Registered Provisional Immigrant status — de-facto amnesty.
Cornyn also demonstrated skepticism over the Congressional Budget Office study released yesterday. The study indicated that the immigration reform bill currently debated in the Senate would slash the federal deficit by an estimated $197 billion in the next decade and $700 billion in the following decade because immigrants would pay more in taxes than they expend in federal benefits. He called his colleagues to "challenges these figures," which he claimed were unrealistic.
"This bill has zero chance of passing the House," Cornyn said, adding that it would be "dead on arrival."
Cornyn said that stronger border security provisions such as his RESULTS amendment would "give this bill some momentum," particularly after House Republicans turned out on the Capitol lawn today to express concerns with the current piece of legislation.
The Cornyn amendment is expected to face a vote on Thursday.
The Senate tabled the "Trust But Verify" amendment proposed by Kentucky Republican Sen. Rand Paul, which would have required a Congressional vote to begin the legalization process after confirming that the border was secure. The vote was 61 to 37 to reject the legislation.
The chamber passed a contractor salaries amendment proposed by West Virginia Democrat Sen. Joe Manchin 72 to 26 votes. The piece of legislation limits salaries of federal contractors employed in border security measures to $230,700.
Arkansas Republican Sen. Mark Pryor's amendment delineating a plan to recruit veterans to U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement staff passed by a voice vote. Congressional staff had projected it was likely to pass.
Utah Republican Sen. Mike Lee saw his amendment fail as expected, 39 to 59. Similar to the RESULTS amendment, it would have required Congressional approval for the legalization process after the Department of Homeland Security affirms 100 percent operational control of the Southwest border.
But Nevada Republican Dean Heller's amendment was met with overwhelming support, passing 89 to 9 as one of the few successful Republican amendments. It creates the Southern Border Security Commission to oversee the process of strengthening border control.
Pending amendments include:
- Leahy amendment #1183 (international participation in the performing arts)
- Boxer amendment #1240 (National Guard/Coast Guard training)
- Cruz amendment #1320 (border security)
- Cornyn amendment #1251 (statement of Congressional findings)
- Reed amendment #1224 (merit-based immigrant visa applicants)
Majority Leader Sen. Harry Reid set a July 4 deadline for comprehensive immigration reform, and said the chamber will work through the weekend if necessary.


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Reviewed by Sabrine H. (age 11)
Eventually, Pa found out and sent Fanny and her brother, Tolbert, to get her. At first Roseanna refused, but later she came home. She brought with her the "Coffin Quilt". It's a quilt made with "coffins" with each name of a family member who had died. Roseanna was very unhappy when she came home and used to talk in her sleep. She revealed something to Fanny, but I am not going to tell you what it is. If you want to find out, you need to read the book. Unfortunately, Roseanna never marries Johnse, and the war between the Hatfields and McCoys results in the deaths of Fanny's brothers: Tolbert, Pharmer, Bud, and Alfair.
My favorite part is when Roseanna ran off with Johnse. I felt that Roseanna was brave enough to marry someone that her parents did not like. Also, I admire Fanny for being a faithful sister and not revealing the Roseanna's secret.
This story is amazing. I could imagine the adventure and the blood-thirsty revenge of the two families. It was a true war between families which happens even though I have not experienced it.
I recommend the book for people who are in the need for excitement and adventure. Ann Rinaldi wrote many other historical novels. I suggest you read her work. I hope you love this book as much as I did.


text: LINGUIST List: Vol-14-461. Sun Feb 16 2003. ISSN: 1068-4875. Subject: 14.461, Review: Sociolinguistics: Chambers, et al. (2002) Moderators: Anthony Aristar, Wayne State U.<aristar at linguistlist.org> Helen Dry, Eastern Michigan U. <hdry at linguistlist.org> Reviews (reviews at linguistlist.org): Simin Karimi, U. of Arizona Terence Langendoen, U. of Arizona Home Page: http://linguistlist.org/ The LINGUIST List is funded by Eastern Michigan University, Wayne State University, and donations from subscribers and publishers. Editor for this issue: Naomi Ogasawara <naomi at linguistlist.org> ========================================================================== What follows is a review or discussion note contributed to our Book Discussion Forum. We expect discussions to be informal and interactive; and the author of the book discussed is cordially invited to join in. If you are interested in leading a book discussion, look for books announced on LINGUIST as "available for review." Then contact Simin Karimi at simin at linguistlist.org. =================================Directory================================= 1) Date: Sun, 16 Feb 2003 20:17:26 +0000 From: Gerard Van Herk <gvanherk at sympatico.ca> Subject: Handbook of Language Variation and Change -------------------------------- Message 1 ------------------------------- Date: Sun, 16 Feb 2003 20:17:26 +0000 From: Gerard Van Herk <gvanherk at sympatico.ca> Subject: Handbook of Language Variation and Change Chambers, J.K., Peter Trudgill, and Natalie Schilling-Estes, eds. (2002) The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Blackwell Publishers, ISBN 0-631-21803-3, xii+807pp, USD 124.95/GBP 85.00. Announced at http://linguistlist.org/issues/13/13-437.html Gerard Van Herk, University of Ottawa The Handbook of Language Variation and Change joins Blackwell's previous handbooks on child language, phonology, semantics, sociolinguistics, phonetics, morphology, Japanese linguistics, syntax, discourse, and general linguistics. The authors see the present volume as ''a convenient, hand-held repository of the essential knowledge about the study of language variation and change'' (introduction, p. 2). The volume strains the boundaries of ''hand-held''. It treats 29 different subjects in 807 pages, and is considerably longer than the earlier Blackwell Handbook of Sociolinguistics, which itself houses a substantial variationist component. Following a brief introduction and ''An Informal Epistemology'' (J.K. Chambers), the book is divided into five parts: methodologies, linguistic structure, social factors, contact, and language and societies. As the search for large amounts of vernacular data is both the goal and, in some senses, the main distinguishing characteristic of variationist work, it is appropriate that the handbook begin with discussions of methodology. The ''Field Methods'' section includes chapters on fieldwork, focussing on the sociolinguistic interview and advance preparation (Crawford Feagin); language attitudes, dealing more with the types of information obtained than with strictly methodological issues (Dennis R. Preston); the advantages and pitfalls of written materials (Edgar W. Schneider); and the use of large, electronically searchable text databases (Laurie Bauer). The ''Evaluation'' section is made up of chapters on the quantitative paradigm, particularly multivariate analysis with VARBRUL and related computer programmes (Robert Bayley); implicational scales, whose use in variationist work has declined in recent years (John R. Rickford); and an overview of the use of instrumental phonetics in sociolinguistics (Erik R. Thomas). Part two of the handbook deals with linguistic structure, with chapters on the links between variationist work and current theoretical phonology, especially Optimality Theory (Arto Anttila); the role of chain shifts and mergers in sound change (Matthew J. Gordon); the relationship of variation to (Chomskyan) syntactic theory (Alison Henry); and a critical analysis of the relatively young field of variationist discourse analysis (Ronald Macaulay). Part three, by far the longest section of the book, is concerned with social factors, divided into subsections on time, social differentiation, and domains. The ''Time'' section includes chapters on the relative value of real- and apparent-time studies, with the advantages of apparent-time work stressed (Guy Bailey); the fairly new focus on speech produced by, or directed toward, children (Julie Roberts); and the social situation of language change (J.K. Chambers). The ''Social Differentiation'' section deals with the social factors that ''have figured in our research from the very beginning'' (373), with chapters on various approaches to the analysis of stylistic variation (Natalie Schilling-Estes); the components and treatments of social class (Sharon Ash); approaches to, and the role of, sex and gender in variation and change (Jenny Cheshire); and the definition and expression of ethnicity (Carmen Fought). A section on ''Domains'' links a disparate group of concepts as ''relational arenas within which variable linguistic behavior takes place'' (473), with chapters on a non-essentialist approach toward language and identity (Norma Mendoza-Denton); the family as a locus of change (Kirk Hazen); and the relative utility and applicability to variationist analysis of the sometimes overlapping concepts of communities of practice (Miriam Meyerhoff), social networks (Lesley Milroy), and the speech community (Peter Patrick). Part four of the handbook deals with the study of language varieties in contact, with chapters on the potential contributions of human geography research to the analysis of variation (David Britain); the relative effect of language contact on different linguistic domains (Gillian Sankoff); and how koineization affects language change (Paul Kerswill). Part five, ''Linguistic and Social Typology,'' includes chapters on (speculated) possible links between societal types and degree and type of linguistic change (Peter Trudgill); the value of a variationist reworking of the comparative method of historical linguistics (Sali Tagliamonte); and a typology and comparison of models of language death (Walt Wolfram). The handbook can be seen as a stock-taking of variationist sociolinguistics as it enters a period of self-examination typical of any thirty-something. In fact, chapter titles mirror major discussion topics at NWAVE, the flagship conference for variationists. The editors describe their desire to strike a balance between generations of sociolinguists (''the founders'' and ''their intellectual offspring'') and topics (''the relatively mature and the relatively recent'') (introduction, p. 1). In this, they clearly succeed. This balance, however, raises problems of its own. Assigning equal weight to each topic considered chapter-worthy leads to short-changing of some areas critical to an understanding of variationist work, and over-coverage of some areas of specialist interest. This is particularly clear in part I, methodologies (which as a whole could be proportionally longer, especially in a discipline so driven by the search for empirical evidence). The sociolinguistic interview is central to variationist methodology; to treat it as part of a single 20-page chapter seems short shrift. This short-changing is even more evident when a full 30 pages of the section are devoted to written documents; although I use such documents and I am convinced of their value in historical work, I acknowledge that their analysis remains peripheral to the variationist mainstream. The same imbalance is found between variable rule analysis, given only part of a chapter, and implicational scales, marginal to the field, which are assigned a full chapter of their own. Elsewhere in the book, the distribution of chapter topics results in far more weight being assigned to social than to linguistic factors. Although this may address previous criticisms of variationist sociolinguistics as too much linguistics and not enough socio, it probably does not reflect the majority tendency of the discipline. In each of these cases, the problem is not with the treatment of each topic; rather, it is that the ''third generation'' of sociolinguists at whom the book is aimed deserve a (proportionally) more detailed treatment of the topics central to variationist work. As is expected in a work of this type, authors choose a range of strategies in approaching their assigned topic. Among the most successful chapters are those whose authors are the obvious (first or second) choices for the topic. In these cases, the engagement of the authors is evident, and illustrations and examples are drawn from their own research, resulting in chapters that are highly readable and that function as effective teaching tools. Particularly notable in this respect are the chapters on language attitude, ethnicity, social networks, space, koineization, and comparative sociolinguistics. The cases of topic-author mismatch rarely result from inappropriate author choice; rather, they seem to fall out from the nature of the topics involved. Many topics are by their nature not the kind of thing that any one author is closely associated with, or would work on throughout a career. This results in some very careful chapters, consisting largely of literature reviews of other people's work, the kind of chapters that could have been safely assigned to less experienced (or even less skilled) authors. The chapters in question are all more than competent, but prevent the reader from fully benefiting from their authors' talent and experience. And although academic book reviews that smugly list typographical and proofreading errors may make readers cringe, I must point out that some errors here interfere with understanding, or actually create misunderstanding. For example, the material at the top of p. 235, an apparent continuation of a table from the previous page, seems to require a separate table, titled ''6-syllable stems.'' Likewise, it is clear from the table on p. 751 that the sentence at the bottom of the previous page, ''In this table non-significant factors are in bold,'' should read ''In this table SIGNIFICANT factors are in bold.'' Presumably such errors result from copy conversion associated with the publisher's standardization of tables, and can easily be corrected in future editions. One hopes for frequent future editions, especially given the editors' bold decision to assign equal weight to ''the tried-and-probably-true and the potentially productive'' (p. 1). In a field as (relatively) young as variationist sociolinguistics, ideas develop quickly, and can in many cases be empirically tested just as quickly. It is natural that the concerns of the field should change over time, and the discipline is well-served by a handbook that is willing to stay at the leading edge of such change. It is equally true, though, that over time certain methods and approaches will be more frequently tested than others, and will become yet more central to work on variation and change. It is hoped that future editions will reflect these core concerns by devoting proportionally more space to them. ABOUT THE REVIEWER Gerard Van Herk is a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Ottawa and visiting scholar at York University. His research interests include linguistic prescriptivism and the sociolinguistics and history of African American, Barbadian, and Canadian varieties of English --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If you buy this book please tell the publisher or author that you saw it reviewed on the LINGUIST list. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-14-461


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WBUR's 'Here & Now' getting big boost
WBUR's midday news magazine "Here & Now" will expand to two hours and be broadcast around the country by National Public Radio beginning this summer, replacing stalwart "Talk of the Nation" in a first-of-its-kind partnership between NPR and a local public radio station, the broadcasters said Friday.
The new arrangement further elevates WBUR above its closest competitor, WGBH, and could allow "Here & Now" to more than double the number of stations on which it is heard. The program is broadcast on 182 stations through a distribution contract with Public Radio International that is expiring; "Talk of the Nation" airs on 407.
"It's amazing," said WBUR general manager Charlie Kravetz. "This is one of the most interesting developments in public radio in a decade. We're honored to be part of it."
Financial terms were not disclosed.
The elevation of "Here & Now" to a bigger stage is the result of long-running talks between NPR and its member stations about feeding its loyal audience more magazine-style programming like that on "Morning Edition" and "All Things Considered," staples of the morning and evening commutes.
Ultimately, NPR decided "Here & Now" was a better option than starting its own program from scratch.
On "Here & Now, "there are more pieces per hour than a typical call-in show, which might spend a half-hour on one topic," said Kinsey Wilson, NPR's chief content officer. "There will be a more produced feel, and it'll be easier for people to dip in and out, which is what we're seeing as we've done studies. So this will be more suited to that."
In addition, the shorter, stand-alone segments produced for "Here & Now" will be more conducive to a burgeoning mobile marketplace, Kravetz and Wilson said.
"Talk of the Nation," which features live call-ins from listeners, was a success for more than two decades and "is going out, in many ways, at the top of its game," Wilson said.
But Jim Russell, a public radio consultant and former NPR producer, called the show tired.
"When it began, it was fresh and novel — a high-end call-in show," Russell said. "But listeners don't like the call-in format as much, and there's a reason they don't like it: Think of your typical, overeducated, slightly arrogant public radio listener. They think very much of themselves but not very much of the other people calling in."
The switch from "Talk of the Nation" is slated for early July.
"Talk of the Nation" host Neal Conan will "step away from the rigors of daily journalism," NPR said in a statement.
"Here & Now" host Robin Young will be joined by Jeremy Hobson, a former producer at WBUR and currently the host of American Public Media's "Marketplace Morning Report." To help fill an extra hour, "Here & Now" will increase its staff from 11 to 17 and feature stories produced by public radio stations from around the country, Kravetz said.
The show's extended length will push "Fresh Air," an hourlong public radio program that WBUR broadcasts at 1 p.m., to 2 p.m. "Here & Now" debuted in 1997.
Chris Reidy of the Globe Staff contributed to this story. Callum Borchers can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him on Twitter @callumborchers.


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I am scratching my head at the eBay auction. Who is Luciano Gambaro? I know of Mario Gambaro. I'll have to check on Luciano. Can anyone make out the signature on the duck? To me it looks like scribble.wolkenreb, your duck does look a lot like Gambaro & Poggi's duck except that yours is hollow and ribbed. Rosie knows a lot more about this style duck than I do, so she may be more help. Another company, Campanella, makes a similar style duck.
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Seth MacFarlane makes his directorial debut with Ted and Universal Pictures has just debuted the first trailer at Funny or Die. You can check it out in the player below as well as the newly-released poster and a trio of stills from the July 13th film.
This summer, the "Family Guy" creator brings his boundary-pushing brand of humor to the big screen for the first time as writer, director and voice star of Ted. In the live action/CG-animated comedy, he tells the story of John Bennett (Mark Wahlberg), a grown man who must deal with the cherished teddy bear who came to life as the result of a childhood wish and has refused to leave his side ever since.
You can also follow Ted himself on Twitter through the just-launched viral account, @whattedsaid.
Please be aware that the below trailer contains strong language.
Click on any of the images below for larger versions in our gallery.
Ted: Restricted Trailer – watch more funny videos


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Friars Escape With 76-74 Win Despite 31-Point Performance From Justin Sears
PROVIDENCE, R.I. – It took Yale about 10 minutes to shake off the rust from a nine-day layoff for final exams. Once the Bulldogs found their rhythm, they gave a good Providence team all it could handle.
The Friars, though, got 21 points from Bryce Cotton and 19 from Tyler Harris to escape with a 76-74 victory at the Dunkin' Donuts Center.
Yale trailed by 15 with nine minutes remaining in the first half, but outscored Providence 61-48 the rest of the way. The Bulldogs shot 68.2 percent (15-of-22) from the field in the second half.
"We got off to a slow start, but we battled back and showed a lot of fight," said James Jones, The Joel E. Smilow Head Coach of Men's Basketball. "Down the stretch we just didn't make enough plays."
Nevertheless, it was an impressive performance.
Yale closed the first half with an 18-3 run to tie the score at 35 at the intermission. The lead went back and forth for much of the second half before Providence built a 73-67 with two minutes left. Yale then scored five straight points to pull within one.
After LaDontae Henton's layup pushed the lead back to three with 22 seconds left, the Bulldogs had a chance to tie with under 20 seconds left, but Carson Desrosier intercepted a Javier Duren pass.
Kadeem Batts then hit one of two free throws with five seconds left to seal it. Justin Sears made a driving layup as time expired.
Sears was outstanding for the Bulldogs, scoring a career-high 31 points. He finished 13-of-16 from the field.
"Justin was great," Jones said. "He played under control."
It was the first 30-point performance by a Yale player since Greg Mangano '12 scored 35 against St. Joseph's in 2012.
The Bulldogs also got a solid performance from Greg Kelley, who made three three-pointer en route to scoring a season-high 11 points. Brandon Sherrod added nine points and Armani Cotton, Duren and Nick Victor each had six. Duren also contributed six assists and had just one turnover.
Providence (9-2) was uncharacteristically hot from three-point range to start the game. The Friars, who entered the night shooting just 32 percent from beyond the arc, made their first five in building their early lead.
"We wanted them to shoot threes," Jones said. "If they shoot their [normal] percentage, maybe it is a different result."
Yale had a 20-11 rebounding edge in the first half, but the tide turned in the second half.
The Friars grabbed nine offensive rebounds over the final 20 minutes, which they turned into eight points.
"We didn't rebound the ball well enough in the second half," Jones said.
The Bulldogs are back in action on Friday when they play at Albany. Tipoff is slated for 7 p.m.
Report filed by Tim Bennett, Yale Sports Publicity


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