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Saturday, 23 February 2013
Leigh Street Classmates.
I think it's a great shot!
Over to Trish...
"I have just come across this old photo I took of some of my classmates in Leigh Street school playground. I am guessing it is about the Summer of 1959.
Some of the girls names I can remember, but my memory isn't as good as it once was.
Anyway here goes, and apologies to the girls I can't just recall at the moment, if they see this photo."
From left standing= Jackie Nelson, Winifred Griffith, Andrea, Valerie
Harrison, Norma Barlow, (other side of tree) Pauline Caldwell, Susan
Williams, Beverley, Eileen, and half of Sally Crompton (sorry Sally, thats
my picture taking for you!) Sitting at the front from left is Isobel
Brooks, ??(sorry), Sandra Bardsley, ??(sorry) and Hilary Parker
Many Thanks for sending in the photo,Trish !! :)
Is it taken at the front entrance ie the Leigh Street gates?
6 comments:
Hi Nancy, yes the photo was taken near the front gates one sunny lunchtime, and I think I had just got a small camera as a birthday present. I was prompted to send you this photo in response to the aerial shot of Leigh St that you posted last Wed 20th Feb. I also sent a comment in on that post in reply to Eileen of Bolton's comment. here is the comment and a little bit extra. I was at Leigh St secondary from 1957-1961, having come from good old Enfield St school Gee Cross. I was shy and it did seem scary at first starting at big school, but I soon made friends and my classmates voted for me to be their form captain in 1958, that was a nice gesture! Anyway, in Eileens comment she said she was there 1962-66, so I just missed her, she also said her class was based in the separate building that housed the gym, science lab and two rooms above for art and needlework. This was a nice little building. I think the needlework teacher was called Miss Sharples. I wasn't all that good at needlework, so there was no one more surprised than me to come top in needlework one year considering I only got 59/100%. I don't think the teacher was too impressed with any of our class!I loved the art class though. Thought the gym was great except for showers. History lessons were good taught by Miss French, proper history lessons then, not like today. Maths was Miss Hall, hated it when she had written "see me" on my exercise book! She frightened us girls. Loved the sports, favourites were sprinting 100 yards & long jump, wish I could still do them, I absolutely loved to run, especially if I was due to see the headmistress! Hated netball, too many rules, too much whistle blowing mainly at me! But Oh, those were the days!
- Saturday, 23 February, 2013
How nice and tidy they all look much different than those I see walking to Alder.
- Saturday, 23 February, 2013
hi everyone - eileen from bolton here.
yes i read your previous post. me and my four brothers also went to enfield street. we lived on cheetham fold road at the bottom of knott lane. my older brother harold wigley may have been in the same class as you. he went on to hyde grammer and my younger brothers john, tom and andrew went to greenfield street. i remember miss french the history teacher with affection too, she was very tall and slim and very nice to us. i also remember the music teacher miss classic very well. she didn't like modern music like the beatles - it wasn't proper music ha! ha! i was painfully shy so i didn't sing loud in class. she pulled me up in class oneday and said i had to sing infront of everyone on my own if i didn't sing with them. not nice for a shy girl.
our headmistress was miss stoller. very stern and srict and small in stature. i got the cane off her once. i never saw her smile - we called her the poison dwarf!
i don't remember having class photo's taken whilst at leigh street sec' it would have been nice to look back at old school friends. although i was a very shy girl i made some nice friends and always think back on my days there with affection, apart from one or two teachers.
- Saturday, 23 February, 2013
hello trish - eileen from bolton here.
i remember miss sharples well, she was a nice gentle teacher, with short dark hair. she was the first lady i knew with a car - a ford anglia. she left to get married in 1965 and went to live in austrailia. my art teacher was mrs adams - i don't know if this is the same teacher that was at infant school - this lady was called doreen and lived on dowson road. this was my favourite subject - the only thing i was good at probably! i was always trying to cadged bits of left over paper to take home - i coudn't bear to see them thrown in the bin. one christmas she gave ne a notepad and coloured pencils to take home. i coudn't believe it, i was so touched by her gesture. anyway, it spured me on to be able do more at home.
- Monday, 25 February, 2013
Hi Trish looking at the leigh street
classmates.My mum went here,her name was Barbara Brooks,Just wanting to check if she was on the photo as there is a Isobel Brooks.
Kind regards
- Saturday, 28 December, 2013
- marion said...
Hi Trish, my nephew found this site and posted it on face book, he would have been looking for his Mum Pauline Griffiths and came across your photo of me, her sister Winifred Griffiths known as Marion, that is what they did back in the old days. changed your name. It was lovely to see all my friends from school, I don't remember having the photo taken and as I don't have any from my teenage years, so thank you for putting it on the site. Marion Holmes. was Griffiths.
- Sunday, 19 July, 2015


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So since there will not be an index on the 2nd, my first list of family to search for will be those who lived in small towns or counties where I can search page by page for them. Here is a list of a few I will start:
- My father, William J Hork, his mother Anne Hork, sisters, Lorene, Virginia, and June. They were living in Cucamunga, California, according to a 1940 city directory.
- My grandfather, William C Hork. He was living in Ontario, CA, according to a 1940 city directory.
- Stephenville, Erath Co, Texas for Warren & Lela Lancaster, Thomas N Johnston & Zilpha Johnston, and possibly my mother and grandparents, Lela N Johnston, Tom J Johnston, and Pansy L Johnston.
- My husband's father, George J Gorrell was in north Sacramento county. His mother, Thelma Nilsen was in either Hilmar, Merced Co, CA with her grandmother, Matilda Lovisa Lundquist or with her father Arthur Nilsen in Modesto, Stanislaus Co, CA or Stockton, San Joaquin Co, CA.
- My husband's grandparents, Joseph Norman & Matilda Gorrell were in Webb City, Jasper Co, MO.
I think this is a good list to start. Webb City, MO and Hilmar, CA will be easy places to search because their jursidictions are small. I might find several in the Stephenville, TX census. After speaking with my grandmother, Pansy, her family traveled quite a bit before and during World War II, and I might have to wait for an index before finding them.
Copyright © 2011 by Lisa Suzanne Gorrell, My Trails into the Past


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On a recent trip to the nation's capital, Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti made sure to call on Jo-Ellen Darcy.
As assistant Army secretary for civil works, Darcy is critical to the city's efforts to win federal approval for a costly and ambitious plan to restore Los Angeles River habitat and provide recreational opportunities along an 11-mile stretch of the waterway north of downtown.
City officials have asked the Army Corps of Engineers, which manages the river as a flood control channel, to approve a $1-billion renovation plan. But the corps staff has recommended a less ambitious, $453-million alternative, which is why Garcetti and his most powerful congressional ally — California Democratic Sen. Barbara Boxer — are stepping up their efforts in Washington.
They want to persuade Darcy, the Army Corps brass and the White House to back the costlier plan.
Garcetti discussed the project last fall with President Obama and has taken administration officials on tours of the river. "At the end of the day, I think we have a president who can help," Garcetti said in an interview .
Boxer, head of the Senate committee overseeing corps projects, said she is so strongly committed to the more ambitious alternative that she has no fallback position. "My Plan B is to make sure Plan A happens," she said.
Boxer said the corps staff recommendation is "exactly the opposite of what the administration has committed to do in places like Los Angeles." She said the administration has designated the Los Angeles River a priority in initiatives to promote conservation and recreation,
According to Boxer, the corps' Los Angeles district office initially recommended the costlier version but was overruled by corps' headquarters in Washington. A corps' spokesman denied any disagreement between offices. "We're one corps, one voice,'' spokesman Jay Field said.
But Field said the corps is considering Garcetti's recent offer to split the costs with the government if the agency approves the more expansive project.
Lt. Gen. Thomas P. Bostick, the corps' commanding general, is expected to submit a recommendation to Congress late this year or early next year. Bostick's recommendation will go to Darcy, whose responsibilities include overseeing the corps, before it goes to Congress. It also will go to the White House budget office.
A White House spokesman declined to comment.
A spokesman for Darcy said the assistant Army secretary "understands the passion that the people living there have to restore the L.A. River, and is working diligently with local government to find the best path forward.''
But advocates for the costlier project have their work cut out for them. Those familiar with the corps say that it is rare for the chief to reject a staff recommendation.
Garcetti's offer to split the costs if the corps approves the more expansive project does have a precedent. The federal government is paying for half of the Florida Everglades restoration. Typically, the federal government picks up 65% of the cost of such projects.
The city's 50-50 offer comes as the corps faces demands for flood protection and harbor dredging projects elsewhere, including a $60-billion-plus backlog of work awaiting funding.
"This is the challenge we always have in L.A.," said Rep. Adam Schiff (D-Burbank), who has been working to persuade the corps to back the more ambitious project. "It's bigger and more expensive to do things in L.A."
With the corps facing a backlog of projects, "I think they are very circumspect about adding big new items to the list," Schiff added.
Garcetti said that he has sought to allay the "sticker shock" of the project by pointing out that the cost will be shared by the city and others and spread out over a decade or so.
"I don't think that kids who are growing up in disadvantaged neighborhoods along the L.A. River should be punished for the price of real estate in Los Angeles simply because it's cheaper to do water projects in Wichita,'' Garcetti said. "It's an issue of environmental justice."'
But Steve Ellis, vice president of the watchdog group Taxpayers for Common Sense, said local officials who want to undertake more ambitious projects than the corps recommends usually must pick up the difference in cost, not expect the corps to split the cost.
'If they do this for L.A., why wouldn't they do it for everybody?' Ellis said.
Schiff suspects that the corps may have already made up its mind, suggesting that the project has been run up the chain of command, given its high profile.
As a result, proponents of the more ambitious project are beginning to look for other pots of federal money to help Los Angeles undertake the $1-billion restoration. They hope money will be available, for example, from the Interior Department's America's Great Outdoors initiative and the Environmental Protection Agency's Urban Waters Federal Partnership.


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A committee recently determined a book taught in a McPherson High School freshman class is indeed appropriate.
A committee recently determined a book taught in a McPherson High School freshman class is indeed appropriate.
"The Glass Castle," a memoir by Jeanette Walls, was being taught to 95 students in Cindy Marion's pre-AP English course. It is an account of Walls' years growing up in poverty with a dysfunctional family. This is the second year Marion has used the book in her course.
Parents spoke to the USD 418 Board of Education in early December with concerns the book might be inappropriate for 14- and 15-yeard-old students, due to foul language and implicit and explicit sexual references. Anti-religious statements also were listed as a concern.
The district policy states a book can be reviewed by a committee to determine if it needs to be removed from the curriculum. The committee consisted of Bret McClendon, McPherson High School principal; Diane Marshall, McPherson High School library and media specialist; Gentry Nixon, McPherson High School teacher; Alice Toews, McPherson High School teacher; Rhonda Wince and Amy Worm, parents from the Curriculum Coordinating Counsel; and chairwoman Angie McDonald, director of instruction.
The committee unanimously determined the book was appropriately placed in the curriculum and recommended it remain in the freshman level pre-AP English curriculum. This was because of the district's opt-out policy, which allows all families to opt their children out of any assignment, and ask for an alternate one.
The parents of four students made this choice.
"I believe all parents have a right to help guide the education of their children," McDonald said. "We truly want to partner with parents, so I absolutely respect the opinions of the parents who had concerns about this book or any other parents who question any matter involving their children. This is exactly why USD 418 has an opt-out policy in place."
Although the language was strong at times and there were anti-religious references, the committee stated in their recommendation the content was pertinent to the story and its characterization. They also stated the sexual situations were not beyond the maturity level of the students.
The committee also made three other recommendations.
The first is that the book only be taught during the school year so a teacher could guide conversation around the book. The committee found that many school districts put this book on a summer reading list and the committee did not feel this was appropriate for students.
The second recommendation said the English department compile a list of books to be read each school year with information regarding which books have been challenged in schools throughout the country. The committee felt this would give parents an opportunity to research books they may feel their child should not read.
Third, the reading list should contain a reference to the board opt-out policy so parents have a formal reminder of the possibility.
After the committee sent its recommendation to Superintendent Randy Watson Jan. 4, he sent a letter to the parents who asked for the review. If any of the parents who made the formal request desire to appeal the decision of the committee and Watson, they had the right to go to the board within 30 days of the decision. No one appealed.
McDonald said she has found nowhere where the book has been banned in her research. The book will remain an option for teachers to use in curriculum next year.
"I believe in and support our teachers," McDonald said. "Our teachers are masterful at making books come alive and guiding students toward true learning experiences through books. I believe there is a lesson in each and every book, especially in the hands of a gifted teacher."
Parents who expressed concerns of the book to the board meeting were unavailable or declined further comment.
Contact Jenae Pauls at email@example.com and follow her on Twitter @PaulsSentinel


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Economics Working Group – Mondays & Fridays.
Date(s) - 22/12/2017
5:00 pm - 8:00 pm
Friends Meeting House - on the ground floor in the corridor outside the cafe
Friends Meeting House – on the ground floor in the corridor outside the cafe.
The Economics Working Group is one of the original groups from the days of the OLSX camp outside St Paul's Cathedral.
The Economics Working Group Statement was adopted by consensus at an Occupy London General Assembly in 2011.
In 2012 the EWG produced The Little Book of Ideas.
The Occupy London GA has also adopted EWG recommendations on Banking, while members have produced various papers, helped organise protests against the financial system, and provided critical media commentary.
In 2015, Occupy London adopted the Plan for Co-operative Socialism. Promoting this to eventual implementation is the present main work of the EWG. See www.co-operativesocialism.org and the papers section at www.interestfreemoney.org for earlier discussion papers and documents.
The Economics Working Group usually meets on Mondays and Fridays, from 1700 to 2000 hrs (with a core time of 1800-1900 hrs) to "explore economic strategies for creating a fair and decent society" at Friends Meeting House, 173-177 Euston Road, London NW1 2BJ – on the ground floor in the corridor outside the cafe. For confirmation of time and topic of next meeting, please email John on email@example.com
There is an online Discussion List – to be added, please email: Dave Dewhurst on firstname.lastname@example.com


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WALTHAM, MA - On Saturday March 22nd, Brandeis University's Archery Team will be hosting the 2nd Annual Shamrock Shoot, the only 70-meter indoor competition on the East Coast. The tournament will be a full 72-arrow competition, lasting one day. All proceeds from entry fees and concessions will be going to support the Brandeis University Archery Team's participation in the tournament circuit. There will be former Olympians competing as well as shooters from the 2014 World Championships.
Brandeis University has a burgeoning competitive club archery team under the tutelage of United States Archery Association (USAA) certified level 4 coach E.G. LeBre. The team competes in both the U.S. Collegiate Archery (USCA) and the both indoors and outdoors. You can learn more about the team at their web site: https://sites.google.com/a/brandeis.edu/brandeis-archery-club/home.
The Shamrock Shoot will be held within the Gosman Athletic Center at Brandeis University, 415 South Street Waltham, MA. Come and support the team and enjoy this unique event!


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|With their children Stephen and Leslie Bogart in New York, 1960
"I think the qualities that my mother gave me include intelligence, humor, sensitivity, the ability to scrutinize people. I feel she gave me her sense of power and her sense of strength as she deals with the world around her. And her contribution to women and to women's issues in addition to being to a loving mother. She has also just as a woman been a great example for me." - Leslie Bogart


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Red, white and amber
Before a meal, Robert Glaab recommends drinking a pilsner, a beer that also surprisingly goes well with fruit-topped shortcake and a dollop of cream.
Glaab is a beer sommelier, and from his perspective the drink known for its simple content of barley, hops, water and yeast is more than something to be served at a bar.
The bitter taste of a pilsner, for example, "stimulates the stomach juices" before a meal, says the manager of his family's private brewery in Germany.
Four years ago, the 47-year-old took a course to become a beer sommelier. At special restaurant events he seeks out the beer that matches best with various foods and talks about the various beer varieties and the nuances of their taste.
The chefs in the restaurant attached to the Glaab brewery cook with beer.
"Generally speaking, a light beer goes well with light meat and dark beer goes with dark meat," Glaab says.
Holding a glass of wheat beer up to the light, he remarks on its "strong, gold-yellow colour with a fine yeasty opaqueness", saying it goes well with the main course he has ordered - fillet of trout over a wheat beer-cardamom foam.
Glaab reaches for his beer and takes a sip. Using a vocabulary similar to a wine sommelier's, he describes the beer's "fruity aromas of banana and ripe apricot intermingled with light tones of clove – very fizzy and refreshing", then highlights its "soft and round body, discreet bitter notes at the finish, soft and harmonically balanced, full of character".
Glaab studied to become a beer sommelier at the Doemens Academy in Munich, which has offered the course since 2004. People from all over the world - about 90 per cent of them men - sign up for the two-week course, which costs €3000 ($A3740).
"Most of the people who take the course already have had something to do with beer and would like to get more into it," said Sandra Strobel of the association of certified beer sommeliers in Austria.
Subjects covered include finding the right beer to go with various foods, beer and health, beer and cheese, and even beer and chocolate.
Glaab has little inhibition when it comes to pairing beer unconventionally with various foods.
Strawberry shortcake with cream eaten with a pilsner to wash it down is a combination he identified as a student.
He discovered his taste for beer while serving in the German army. Now he is the chief executive of his family's nearly 270-year-old private brewery, which has been in his family's hands for nine generations.


text: San Diego—Worldwide spending on paid search, led by the Asia-Pacific region, grew by 33% in the third quarter compared with the year-earlier period, according to a study by search marketing agency Covario Inc. According to the company's "Global Paid Search Spend Analysis" report, the Americas, led by the U.S. and Canada, had spending growth of 39% year over year. In Europe, where economic recovery has been slow, paid search growth rates for the third quarter increased 10% from the same period last year. The greatest growth in paid search spending was in the Asia-Pacific region, with year-over-year growth of 45%. This region is "where major opportunities for paid search exist," according to Covario, although the company expressed caution over signs of a slowdown in China over the last few quarters.


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Another New Year, Another New Diet. Lose 20 Pounds in 6 Weeks?
It's January, which means another new diet to add to your repertoire. Since January 1st, I've seen countless commercials for Weight Watchers, Nutri System, Jenny Craig, Medifast and many, many others. Everywhere you turn there is a new diet to try. Here's another one. I laughed at first, then thought, maybe this could work!
The diet is detailed in a book called The 8 Hour Diet: Watch the Pounds Disappear Without Watching What You Eat! The authors of the book claim the world's obesity problem has more to do with when we eat than what we eat. The book claims we can lose 20 pounds in six weeks by eating within an 8 hour period. Choose any 8 hours, nothing beyond. The book says:
Our bodies are like clocks, preferring to schedule maintenance and system backup during planned downtimes. If you crash the system — raiding the fridge at midnight and eating five bowls of sugary cereal first thing in the morning — it clears the dietary wreckage, resulting in a pileup around your waistline. But if you limit chow time to very specific hours of the day, your system has all the time it needs to process the traffic along your digestive tract, and it results in more health benefits than you can imagine.
Do you think it could work for you? It does make sense.


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Oct. 4, 2010
GLADE FERRY, CT-The University of Massachusetts Dartmouth's equestrian team finished fifth in a field of 10 teams at their second show of the season, hosted by Rhode Island at the Mystic Valley Hunt Club on Saturday.
Highlights included freshman Emily White (Westport, MA) placing second in the Open Flat Division, senior Kerin Devine (Hanover, MA) placing sixth in the Intermediate Division, and freshman Chelsea O'Brien (Attleboro, MA) finishing first over fences in the Novice Division. Lindsay Champs placed second in her walk trot canter class, freshman Haley Page placed first in her walk trot canter class, freshman Bridget Hammond placed second in her division, and Michaela Frontiere placed second in her walk trot canter class.
"This was our first show in a new region, with new people and horses and personalities. and I am very happy with the performance of the team," said Head Coach Meredith Arden. "What is also impressive is the amazing amount of freshman talent that came in for this year. Emily White had a beautiful ride , she has an extensive competitive history outside of collegiate riding, and just recently qualified for the Maclay National Finals, which is an equitation judged on the form and effectiveness of the rider. Kerin Devine had an eventful ride, and Chelsea O'Brien navigated a difficult course of jumps on an ornery horse, and Lindsay Champs was rewarded for her struggles with a spirited horse. I'm happy with the way things are coming together. This is going to be a year to remember for our team."
The Corsairs will return to action at Sunday at a show hosted by Brown and Roger Williams.
Open Fences Emily White-2nd Open Flat Emily White- 4th Intermediate Equitation Over Fences Kerin Devine - 6th Novice Equitation Over Fences Chelsea O'Brien - 1st Melissa Feld - 4th Alumni Equitation Over Fences Jess Hutchinson Alumni Equitation on the Flat Jess Hutchinson Open Equitation on the Flat Emily White - 4th Novice Equitation on the Flat Kerin Devine - 3rd Melissa Feld - 4th Chelsea O'Brien - 4th Katie Donohue - 6th Advanced Walk/Trot/Canter Equitation on the Flat Lindsey Champa - 2nd Amanda Stubbs - 3rd Olivia Campbell - 5th Kaitlyn Piela - 5th Laura Macumber - 7th Allison Omeara - 7th Beginner Walk/Trot/Canter Equitation on the Flat Haley Paige - 1st Bridget Hammond - 2nd Kathryn Gardner - 6th Walk/Trot Equitation on the Flat Michaela Frontiero - 2nd Khayla England - 4th


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We are thrilled to announce the availability of our latest eBook, titled 'Playful Learning: Computer Games in Education'.
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- Research article
- Open Access
Groupwise information sharing promotes ingroup favoritism in indirect reciprocity
- Mitsuhiro Nakamura1 and
- Naoki Masuda1Email author
© Nakamura and Masuda; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012
- Received: 24 July 2012
- Accepted: 17 October 2012
- Published: 5 November 2012
Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism for cooperation in social dilemma situations. In indirect reciprocity, an individual is motivated to help another to acquire a good reputation and receive help from others afterwards. Another aspect of human cooperation is ingroup favoritism, whereby individuals help members in their own group more often than those in other groups. Ingroup favoritism is a puzzle for the theory of cooperation because it is not easily evolutionarily stable. In the context of indirect reciprocity, ingroup favoritism has been shown to be a consequence of employing a double standard when assigning reputations to ingroup and outgroup members. An example of such a double standard is the situation in which helping an ingroup member is regarded as good, whereas the same action toward an outgroup member is regarded as bad.
We analyze a computational model of indirect reciprocity in which information sharing is conducted groupwise. In our model, individuals play social dilemma games within and across groups, and the information about their reputations is shared within each group. We show that evolutionarily stable ingroup favoritism emerges even if all the players use the same reputation assignment rule regardless of group (i.e., a single standard). Two reputation assignment rules called simple standing and stern judging yield ingroup favoritism; under these rules, cooperation with (defection against) good individuals is regarded as good (bad) and defection against bad individuals is regarded as good. Stern judging induces much stronger ingroup favoritism than does simple standing. Simple standing and stern judging are evolutionarily stable against each other when groups employing different assignment rules compete and the number of groups is sufficiently large. In addition, we analytically show as a limiting case that homogeneous populations of reciprocators that use reputations are unstable when individuals independently infer reputations of individuals, which is consistent with previously reported numerical results.
Our results suggest that ingroup favoritism can be promoted in indirect reciprocity by the groupwise information sharing, in particular under the stern judging assignment rule.
- Action Rule
- Assignment Rule
- Reputation Model
- Outgroup Member
- Indirect Reciprocity
Behavioral nature of humans depends on the economy of reputations, where praise and blame often lead to gain and loss of material benefits [1, 2]. Humans, among other animals, cooperate via indirect reciprocity, which involves cooperation beyond pairwise relationships [3–6]. In indirect reciprocity based on reputations, an individual acquires a good reputation by behaving cooperatively in apposite situations. The cost of maintaining a good reputation is compensated for by other individuals' future cooperation toward the individual possessing the good reputation. Indirect reciprocity has been extensively studied in both theories [5–19] and experiments [2, 20–23].
Another facet of human cooperation is that an individual often cooperates with members in the same group and not with others, a phenomenon called ingroup favoritism [24–33]. Ingroup favoritism poses a puzzle for the theory of cooperation because it is usually not Pareto efficient; i.e., the payoff to an individual in the case of ingroup favoritism is smaller than that in the case of group-independent all-out cooperation. In addition, an individual implementing ingroup favoritism is worse off than an individual defecting against both ingroup and outgroup members unless a specific assumption is imposed. In fact, known mechanisms for stable ingroup favoritism (e.g., correlation between altruistic traits and phenotypic tags [34–36], incomplete observability of tags [37], combination of mutation of tags and limited dispersal [38]) are, in our view, complicated. Otherwise, stable ingroup favoritism requires an additional mechanism (e.g., intergroup conflict [39, 40]) that is capable of stabilizing cooperation on its own.
If maintaining a good reputation is a concern, why do individuals want to discriminate between ingroup and outgroup fellows? One of the present authors has shown that ingroup favoritism is evolutionarily stable in various situations when only group-level reputations are available in regard to outgroup members [41]. In the model, an individual's action changes the individual's reputation in the eyes of the ingroup members, and the action also changes the reputation of the group to which the individual belongs. It was revealed that the action rule of individuals (i.e., the strategy depending on the reputation of the coplayer) toward ingroup and outgroup members and the reputation assignment rule (also called the social norm) used for evaluating ingroup and outgroup interactions, or at least the latter, must discriminate between ingroup and outgroup members for stabilizing ingroup favoritism. An example is a rule whereby cooperation toward outgroup members is frowned upon, whereas the same behavior toward ingroup members leads to a good reputation. Consistent with this theoretical example, Yamagishi and colleagues had conducted behavioral experiments suggesting that ingroup favoritism occurs because subjects anticipate that the reputation mechanism is functional only inside the group [25–27, 29, 33]. These theoretical and experimental results suggest that double standards, in terms of the action rule or the reputation assignment rule, may underpin ingroup favoritism.
In the context of indirect reciprocity, group structure may play a crucial role in spreading reputations of individuals via rumor and gossip. In general, individuals interact more frequently with ingroup members than with outgroup members [42]. Therefore, rumor and gossip may enable sharing of reputations of individuals more smoothly within a group than between different groups. Most theoretical studies of indirect reciprocity have assumed that information sharing and interactions occur randomly in a well-mixed population. Otherwise, individuals are assumed to not exchange information about reputations [7, 10, 13, 19].
In the present study, we explore a scenario of ingroup favoritism without resorting to rules that apply double standards. In practice, humans may not differentiate between ingroup and outgroup coplayers with regard to their action rules or reputation assignment rules. We analyze a group-structured model of indirect reciprocity, in which an individual's reputation is shared by each group but not between groups. We study the case in which all the players use the same reputation assignment rule and the case in which players in different groups use different reputation assignment rules. We show that ingroup favoritism can emerge when players simply implement reputation-based decision making and do not favor ingroup members. Because of the assumed groupwise information sharing and some reputation assignment error, ingroup and outgroup members tend to possess good and bad reputations, respectively, without further assumptions. In particular, ingroup favoritism is strong when individuals adopt a reputation assignment rule called stern judging, under which helping bad individuals is regarded as bad.
We consider an infinitely large population of players divided into M (≥ 2) groups. Each group is assumed to contain the equal fraction, 1/M, of players. In the population, players are involved in sufficiently many rounds of the so-called donation game. In a one-shot donation game, two players are randomly selected from the population, one as donor and the other as recipient. We assume that the donor and recipient belong to the same group with probability θ. The donor cooperates (C), i.e., provides help, or defects (D), i.e., refrains from helping, depending on the donor's action rule and the recipient's reputation (good (G) or bad (B)). Action C imposes cost c (> 0) on the donor and results in benefit b (> c) imparted to the recipient. Action D does not change the payoff to either the donor or recipient. A donor adopting action rule ALLC cooperates with any recipient. A donor adopting action rule ALLD defects against any recipient. A donor adopting action rule DISC cooperates with G recipients and defects against B recipients.
After sufficiently many rounds of the donation game involving reputation updates, the reputation distribution in the eyes of each group-specific observer reaches a unique equilibrium. In the equilibrium, we measure the quantities of interest such as the fractions of G players, the probability of cooperation, and their dependence on groups.
Analysis methods
Equilibria of the reputation dynamics
Meaning of symbols
Number of groups
Probability that a donor and recipient in a one-shot game are in the same group
r∈{G, B} M
Reputation vector of a player in the eyes of M observers
p k (r)
Probability that a player in group k has reputation vector r
Probability that a player outside group k has reputation vector r
σ(r)∈{C, D}
Donor's action to a recipient having reputation r∈{G, B}
Φ r (a,r ′ )
Probability that an observer assigns reputation r∈{G, B} to a donor selecting action a∈{C, D} to a recipient having reputation r ′ ∈{C, D}
Probability that a player in the eyes of an ingroup observer has reputation r
Probability that a player in the eyes of an outgroup observer has reputation r
Probability that an observer assigns G to a donor
The three terms inside the curly brackets on the right-hand side of Eq. (4) correspond to the three situations shown in Figure 3(c), (d), and (e). With probability θ pin(r ′ )pout(r ′′ ), the recipient belongs to the donor's group, which differs from the observer's group, and has reputation r ′ and r ′′ in the eyes of the donor and observer, respectively (Figure 3(c)). With probability (1−θ)[1/(M−1)]pout(r ′ )pin(r ′′ ), the recipient belongs to the observer's group, which differs from the donor's group, and has reputation r ′ and r ′′ in the eyes of the donor and observer, respectively (Figure 3(d)). With probability (1−θ)[1−1/(M−1)]pout(r ′ )pout(r ′′ ), the recipient belongs to a group different from the donor's and observer's groups, and has reputation r ′ and r ′′ in the eyes of the donor and observer, respectively (Figure 3(e)).
By setting dpin(r)/dt =d pout(r)/dt = 0 in Eqs. (2) and (4), we identify stationary points that are candidates of stable equilibria of the reputation dynamics. We examine the conditions detJ> 0 and TrJ< 0, where J is the Jacobian matrix, at each stationary point to identify all the stable equilibria. We confirmed that the stable equilibrium denoted by and is unique under each reputation assignment rule.
Stability against invasion by ALLC and ALLD mutants
Measurement of ingroup bias
When ρ ≈ −1, players basically cooperate with outgroup recipients and defect against ingroup recipients, implying outgroup favoritism. When ρ ≈ 0, players equally likely cooperate with ingroup and outgroup recipients. When ρ ≈ 1, players cooperate with ingroup recipients and defect against outgroup recipients, implying ingroup favoritism.
Under IM, the equilibrium fractions of G players in the eyes of ingroup and outgroup observers are both equal to ψ = 1/2. Therefore, ingroup favoritism does not occur, i.e., ρ = 0. Furthermore, the population of DISC players is invaded by ALLC mutants such that it is unstable. This result is consistent with the established result that cooperation is usually unstable under IM because observers do not distinguish between selfish defection (i.e., D against G recipients) and justified defection (i.e., D against B recipients) [1, 8, 10, 43].
Under ST, DISC players almost always cooperate with ingroup recipients, i.e., . This result is consistent with the previous results in which ST enables perfect cooperation when a population does not possess group structure (corresponding to M = 1) [11, 12].
Therefore, DISC players almost always cooperate with both ingroup and outgroup recipients unless θ is small (i.e., ψ = 1−μ/θ + O(μ2)). Because donors defect slightly more often against outgroup than ingroup recipients, weak ingroup favoritism occurs (i.e., ρ = μ/θ + O(μ2)).
ALLC mutants invade DISC players if b/c > 1/(1−θ). The cooperation is stable up to a large value of b/c when ingroup interaction is frequent (i.e., large θ). ALLD mutants invade a DISC population under a trivial condition b/c < 1.
Under JG, DISC players have the same cooperativeness toward ingroup recipients as under ST, i.e., . This result is consistent with the previous results in which JG enables perfect cooperation when a population does not possess group structure (corresponding to M = 1) [11, 12].
Therefore, DISC players cooperate with outgroup recipients with probability 1/2. In contrast to the case of ST, frequent intergroup interaction considerably reduces cooperation under JG (i.e., ψ = (1 + θ)/2 + μθ). The degree of ingroup bias under JG is given by ρ = 1/2−μ, which is independent of θ. DISC players show a significant level of ingroup favoritism, even though they simply use the reputations without intending to discriminate recipients by the group identity.
The DISC population is resistant to invasion by ALLC mutants when θ ≥ 1/M, i.e., when ingroup interaction occurs more frequently than in the case of unbiased random pairing. When θ < 1/M and b/c > (M−1)/(1−Mθ), ALLC mutants invade the population of DISC players. When b/c < (M−1)(1 + θ)/[1 + (M−3)θ + M θ2, ALLD mutants invade the population of DISC players. The cooperation is stable down to a small value of b/c if ingroup interaction is frequent (i.e., large θ) or the number of groups (i.e., M) is small. In the limit M → ∞, Eq. (18) is reduced to b/c > 1/θ, which coincides with the results obtained from a previous model with infinite groups [41].
Under both ST and JG, in particular JG, ingroup favoritism emerges. This is because the donors (equivalently, ingroup observers) and outgroup observers generally perceive different reputations of the same player due to the assignment error (see Figures 1, 3(c), 3(d), and 3(e)). For example, if a donor defects against a recipient whose reputation is B in the eyes of the donor's group members, the donor receives a G reputation from the ingroup observer. However, if the same recipient has a G reputation in the eyes of the outgroup observer, the outgroup observer assigns B to the donor under ST and JG. As another example, if a donor cooperates with a recipient whose reputation is G in the eyes of the donor's group members, the donor receives G from the ingroup observer. However, if the recipient has a B reputation in the eyes of the outgroup observer, the outgroup observer assigns B to the donor under JG. As these examples suggest, different groups may perceive the opposite reputations of the same players in a long run. Players in the same group coordinate the subjective information about a given player's reputation, whereas those in different groups do not. This discrepancy causes ingroup favoritism.
Numerical results
Mixed assignment rules
We have shown that JG leads to strong ingroup favoritism, whereas ST does not. To examine the transition between the two regimes, we consider an assignment rule denoted by MX, which is a mixture of JG and ST. In a one-shot game under MX, observers independently assign reputations by using JG with probability α and ST with probability 1−α. Therefore, ΦG(C,G) = 1−μ, ΦG(D,G) = μ, ΦG(C,B) = αμ + (1−α)(1−μ), and ΦG(D,B) = 1−μ. Parameter α controls the degree of sternness with which observers assign B to donors that cooperate with B recipients. ST and JG correspond to α = 0 and α=1, respectively. We numerically solve Eqs. (2) and (4) under MX.
Heterogeneous assignment rules
We have assumed that all the groups use a common reputation assignment rule. In this section, we numerically examine a case in which observers in different groups use different reputation assignment rules. We consider a situation in which m (1 ≤ m ≤ M − 1) groups use JG and M−m groups use ST. The procedure of the numerical analysis is described in Appendix B Numerical methods in the case of the heterogeneous assignment rule.
In the present study, we showed that ingroup favoritism emerges in a group-structured model of indirect reciprocity. In our model, players share information about reputations in each group but not across different groups. We assumed that a player's action purely depends on the coplayer's reputation; players do not refer to the group identity of the coplayers or use other types of prejudice. We also assumed that observers impartially assess ingroup and outgroup donors. We analyzed the model using a mean-field approximation and numerical simulations. Ingroup favoritism occurs under both simple standing (ST) and stern judging (JG) assignment rules. The cooperativeness is reduced by the frequent intergroup interactions, i.e., small θ. The ingroup bias is severer and the cooperativeness is smaller under JG than under ST. The parameter region for the stability of the cooperative equilibrium is larger under JG than under ST. Under ST and JG, a population of discriminators is evolutionarily stable if the probability of ingroup interaction (i.e., θ) is sufficiently large. If θis small, the population is invaded by unconditional cooperators and unconditional defectors under ST and JG, respectively. We also studied the case in which observers may adopt different assignment rules in different groups. We found that JG would dominate ST in evolutionary settings when the benefit-to-cost ratio is small. Otherwise, the homogeneous population in which all the groups employ ST and that in which all the groups employ JG are bistable in large parameter regions.
Different mechanisms govern ingroup favoritism in our model and that observed in psychological experiments [24–33]. In the latter, players use a cue that indicates the group identity of the coplayer and preferably cooperate with ingroup members. In our model, players do not refer to the group identity of the coplayer. They show ingroup favoritism because they perceive that outgroup members have bad reputations more often than do ingroup members.
We implemented the group structure by controlling probabilities of ingroup and outgroup interactions (i.e., θ and 1−θ, respectively) and assuming the groupwise information sharing. In terms of the structure of information sharing, most previous theoretical studies of indirect reciprocity are classified into two types: public [5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14–17, 41] and private [7, 10, 13, 17, 19] reputation models.
In public reputation models, all the players have access to a common information source that provides the reputation values of the players. Therefore, a donor and observer perceive the same reputation of a recipient such that they do not suffer from the discrepancy of reputations. In public reputation models without group structure of the population, ST and JG realize evolutionarily stable cooperation [11, 12]. This result is consistent with ours because, in the limit θ→1, Eqs. (14) and (18) are reduced to a trivial condition b/c > 1 such that the population of discriminators is stable under ST and JG.
In private reputation models, each player individually collects others' reputations such that a reputation of a player varies between individuals. In contrast to the case of public reputation models, a homogeneous population of discriminators is invaded by unconditional cooperators in private reputation models. A mixture of discriminators and unconditional cooperators is often stable under variants of ST [7, 10, 13, 19]. Under variants of JG, a population of discriminators is invaded by unconditional defectors [17, 19] (but see Ref. [13]), or discriminators and unconditional cooperators are frequent in an island model if dispersal of offspring is confined within each island [10]. In the limit θ→0 and M → ∞, our model can be interpreted as a private reputation model. In this situation, the population of discriminators is unstable because Eqs. (14) and (18) are violated. Therefore, the results obtained from our model in this limit are consistent with the previous results.
For intermediate θ and M values, our model uses a public reputation scheme within each group and a private reputation scheme across groups. In this sense, the structure of information sharing in our model is situated between public and private reputation models.
One of the present authors previously studied a model of ingroup favoritism on the basis of indirect reciprocity [41], which we refer to as the multiple standard model. The multiple standard model and the model analyzed in the present study are different in two aspects. First, in the multiple standard model, a given player's reputation is made public to different groups such that the problem of coordination in regard to reputations among different groups does not exist. In the present model, observers in different groups may differently perceive a player's reputation, which leads to the coordination problem. Second, in the multiple standard model, observers are allowed to use different rules to assign reputations to ingroup and outgroup members. Similarly, donors may use different action selection rules toward ingroup and outgroup recipients. Then, ingroup favoritism of different degrees emerges. Consider a situation in which the action rule is of a single standard such that donors are discriminators toward both ingroup and outgroup recipients. Then, at most partial ingroup favoritism in which players always cooperate with ingroup members and partially (i.e., with probability 1/2) cooperate with outgroup members is evolutionarily stable. Consider another situation in which the action rule is of a double standard such that donors are discriminators toward ingroup members and unconditional defectors toward outgroup members. Then, perfect ingroup favoritism in which players always cooperate with ingroup members and always defect against outgroup members is evolutionarily stable. In the present model, observers use a single-standard reputation assignment rule, and donors use a single-standard action rule. Then, partial ingroup favoritism, but not perfect ingroup favoritism, can be evolutionarily stable.
Group competition models of indirect reciprocity were previously studied [15, 16]. In references [15, 16], the authors numerically examined competition between different assignment rules employed in different groups. In our terminology, they assumed that the donation game is played inside each group and that reputations are updated exclusively by ingroup observers under the public reputation scheme. They showed that JG (stern-judging in their terminology) emerges in the course of evolutionary dynamics based on group competition and individual selection. Their models and ours are fundamentally different although both studies have stressed the importance of JG. First, they assumed group competition and we did not. Second, they mainly focused on competition between different assignment rules and we did not; we only studied the special case in which observers in different groups adopt either of ST or JG. Third, we determined the possibility of ingroup favoritism and group-independent cooperation. In contrast, their model is not concerned with ingroup favoritism because interaction between a donor and recipient in different groups is not assumed.
Uchida and Sigmund analyzed competition between assignment rules by using replicator dynamics [18]. In their model, a player selected as donor uses the public information source corresponding to the assignment rule that the player adopts. For example, if the surviving assignment rules are only ST and JG (SUGDEN and KANDORI, respectively, in their terminology), there are two public information sources. Although their model is apparently a public reputation model, the players can be interpreted to belong to one of the groups defined by the assignment rule; members in each group share a common information source and use the same assignment rule. Helping a recipient having a bad reputation in the eyes of both ST and JG groups is assessed to be good by the ST group and bad by the JG group. Therefore, JG players assess ST players to be bad more often than they assess JG players. Because this tendency is strong enough, ingroup favoritism occurs in the JG group. Their model and ours are consistent with each other because, when different groups can adopt different assignment rules, both their model and ours with sufficiently many groups predict bistability between ST and JG. Their model and ours complement each other in the following respects. First, they investigated competition between assignment rules, whereas we mainly studied the case in which all the groups share an assignment rule. Second, they assumed a well-mixed population, whereas we varied the frequency of ingroup and outgroup interactions. Third, they studied competition among at most five groups (i.e., five assignment rules), whereas we assumed a general number of groups.
To explore the possibility of spontaneous ingroup favoritism in indirect reciprocity, we analyzed a social dilemma game in a population with group structure. We showed that the degree of ingroup bias depends on the reputation assignment rule. In particular, considerable ingroup favoritism occurs under the so-called JG assignment rule, whereby observers assign bad reputations to players helping bad players. Ingroup favoritism has been considered to be an evolutionary outcome [25–27, 29, 33]. The present work supports this general idea. To measure the dependency of ingroup bias on the assignment rule in behavioral experiments may be an interesting challenge.
A Numerical methods in the case of the homogeneous assignment rule
We prepare a population of N = 103DISC players divided into M groups of equal size. We consider an N × M reputation matrix, denoted by R= (ri,ℓ), where ri,ℓ∈{G,B,U} represents the reputation of player i (1 ≤ i ≤ N) in the eyes of the observer in group ℓ(1 ≤ ℓ ≤ M). U represents the unknown reputation. We assume that all the entries of R are equal to U in the beginning of a run. In a one-shot donation game, we randomly select a player i as donor. Then, with probability θ/(N/M−1), we select a recipient j(≠i) that is in the donor's group. With probability (1 − θ)/(N − N/M), we select a recipient j that is in a group different from the donor's group. When determining the action, the donor refers to rj,k, where k is the donor's group. We assume that the donor cooperates when rj,k= U. After the game, the observer in each group ℓ(1 ≤ ℓ ≤ M) assigns a new reputation to donor i such that ri,ℓ= G with probability ΦG(a,rj,ℓ) and ri,ℓ= B with probability 1−ΦG(a,rj,ℓ), where a∈{C,D} is the donor's action and ΦG(a,rj,ℓ) under each assignment rule is defined in Table 2. When rj,ℓ= U, we assume that the observer uses IM; ΦG(U,C) = 1−μand ΦG(U,D) = μ. We set μ = 0.01.
After repeating T = 105rounds of the donation game, we calculate the fraction of G players in group k in the eyes of the observer in group ℓ, which is given by , where δ(G) = 1 and δ(B) = δ(U) = 0. The fractions of G players in the eyes of ingroup and outgroup observers are given by and , respectively. By substituting these quantities in Eqs. (9) and (10), we obtain ψ and ρ. We average ψ and ρ over 102 runs of the simulation.
B Numerical methods in the case of the heterogeneous assignment rule
The cooperativeness, ingroup bias, and payoff to the players in groups employing JG and ST are defined by and , respectively, where Q represents either ψ, ρ, or Π. We average these quantities over 102runs for each parameter set to generate Figure 7.
We thank Shoma Tanabe for careful reading of the manuscript. MN acknowledges the support provided through Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 10J08999) from JSPS, Japan. NM acknowledges the support provided through Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 23681033) and Innovative Areas "Systems Molecular Ethology"(No. 20115009) from MEXT, Japan.
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Tonight On Blog Talk Radio: The Fed, Money and Jubilee
It should not surprise those with faith in God that Scripture has already provided us with the guidance we need to escape the messes we get ourselves into. It is not that the answers are not there, but that people prefer their own wisdom to Gods and do not seek out the answers which He has provided. We will discuss those answers tonight.


text: A step further: I have found that during transport, install, etc. the memory modules, sitting in the nice DIMM sockets, sometimes manage to wiggle their way out of proper connections. An effort to reseat the SIMM and the rest of the components sometimes make the problems go away. This is connected with heat (thermal expansion) and other issues. This seems to have been the case with some of my Athlon systems. Others just had bad ram. I typically run memtest for a few days (2 or so over a weekend) on initial deployment/construction. Catches bad RAM or MB's quite quickly. Allows you to reduce your unknown problem space quite a bit, which is useful in debugging dead/dying hardware. Joe On Thu, 2003-01-23 at 14:15, Erwan Velu wrote: > Le jeu 23/01/2003 à 19:52, Martin Siegert a écrit : > > > 4/ Are there any other outstanding issues with these machines > > > under constant heavy load ? > > In 99% of all the crashes I have seen on my cluster (and I have seen > > a lot) the reason was bad memory. If you did not buy memory certified by > > the company that sold you the motherboard exchange it and your problems > > will go away. > Agreed, you should try to boot each node using memtest86 > (http://www.memtest86.com/memtest86-3.0.tar.gz) which is writen in > assembly code and executed at boot time so it isn't linked with any > operating system. > This is the best test I know for being sure that the memory is good. -- Joseph Landman, Ph.D Scalable Informatics LLC, email: landman at scalableinformatics.com web : http://scalableinformatics.com phone: +1 734 612 4615


text:
Raw Sewage and a Raw Deal in Rochelle, GA
Alisa Coe and Bradley Marshall—attorneys in our Florida office—took off on a two-hour drive last month and ended up 60 years away in the rural Georgia town of Rochelle, where black people live on one side of a railroad track and whites on the other.
You've heard of this place if you pay attention to news; last weekend the national media was reporting on the local high school's first interracial prom … ever.
But even as the media focused on the prom, Alisa and Bradley faced up to the town's mayor and chief of police, who bullied the two attorneys as they investigated claims that the city's sewer system routinely dumps raw sewage into the streets and yards of the black community (but not the white community). The mayor used his car to block the attorneys' car when they drove into a black neighborhood, and then screamed and threatened them with arrest. The chief of police pulled up with his lights flashing and told the duo to call him before coming back to Rochelle.
Those fellas obviously didn't know who they were messing with.
Alisa and Bradley are members of a legal team led by managing attorney David Guest, who is famous in Florida for such things as ignoring alligators as he wades through the Everglades investigating environmental offenses. The whole team's infused with that spirit.
Monica Reimer, along with residents of Rochelle, investigate a manhole from which raw sewage flows into neighborhood backyards.
View photo slideshow »
So—without calling the chief of police—Alisa and Monica Reimer, another attorney in our Florida office, went back to Rochelle a few days ago, armed with cameras to record evidence of environmental injustice and to document any more intimidation tactics. The bullies stayed away this time, letting the attorneys sign up, as clients, nine African-American residents who are tired of raw sewage bubbling up through manholes and pipes into their lives. After decades of living like this, they want it to end.
No one describes it better than Rufus Howard, a night shift worker who talks softly as he walks about his backyard showing puddles of raw sewage and describing how they can't use the toilet or shower and can't wash for days when sewage lines get full. He sums the issue up thusly:
They [white city government] won't do something about it. They live comfortable and I want to live comfortable, too.
Rufus Howard points to the raw sewage
flooding his backyard. View photo slideshow »
It's nothing more complicated than that. Rufus and all his friends and neighbors just want the simple comforts of the white community—not the raw sewage. They want nothing more than to flush away sewage, not use shovels to clear it off their properties.
Sixty years ago, folks in towns all over the South were fighting and dying for the unfettered right to vote, the right to sit in the front of buses, to eat in restaurants without checking their skin color at the door, and even for the right to use the bathroom without having to read racial directions on the door. As a very young boy in that bad old South, I saw bathroom signs that said, "White Only" or "Negro Only". Today, so many decades later, those printed signs are gone, but other signs of discrimination persist … all over the yards and streets of folks who asked Earthjustice to help force the ruling system to fix the sewage system on the black side of the railroad tracks.
Raw sewage pools in Mr. Howard's backyard.
View photo slideshow »
Yesterday, that help began when Alisa filed an official demand with the city to correct its sewage discrimination or face the wrath of a federal Clean Water Act lawsuit. They have just 60 days. We'll keep you posted.
Just one more reason why the planet and its people need a good lawyer … like Alisa, Bradley and Monica.
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text:
Dance Extravaganza
December 07, 2012
Welcome to the annual student choreographed-and-performed Dance Extravaganza!
Fifteen years ago the first Extravaganza involved a total of twelve students. It continued as an experimental non-credited performance in the Black Box Theatre for several years. Eventually it moved onto the Main Stage and at its peak it featured seven choreographers and eighty performers, selling out five shows in a matter of hours.
It is now structured as a regular course offering (TH 252 Rehearsal and Performance, Dance) that sequences students through TH 308 (Dance Composition and Improvisation) in preparation to choreograph. Though the Extravaganza is now formally presented on the Fir Acres Mainstage, we still encourage choreographers to experiment with new ideas and to investigate and invent new movement vocabulary. Student choreographers are encouraged to combine skills they develop in class with their own aesthetic sensibility. We invite those students with a high level of training and technical ability and those students with no training or performance experience to audition.
Visit the Box Office for ticket information.


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The music video for Alicia Keys' "Girl On Fire" premiered on VEVO yesterday, and no, it's not based on The Hunger Games (although if it were in the end credits of Catching Fire, nobody'd complain). The video, which portrays Keys as a working mom with a magic touch, features lots of jewel tones and one hella cool wallpaper. Keys originally debuted the song at the VMAs with Nicki MInaj and the gymnastic stylings of one Ms. Gabby Douglas.
[YouTube via Rolling Stone]


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All News Releases By Date
EPA Provides Funding to the University of Turabo and the University of Puerto Rico to Prevent Pollution
Release Date: 12/06/2012
Contact Information: John Martin, (212) 637-3662, firstname.lastname@example.com
(New York, N.Y.) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has awarded nearly $200,000 in pollution prevention grants to the University of Turabo and the University of Puerto Rico at Aguadilla to fund projects that will help prevent pollution in Puerto Rico.
"These grants support important initiatives that will save energy and prevent pollution at universities and hotels in Puerto Rico," said EPA Regional Administrator Judith A. Enck. "EPA is happy to support these pollution prevention initiatives in Puerto Rico."
"The EPA's pollution prevention grants fund programs that reduce or eliminate waste at the source," said EPA Regional Administrator Judith A. Enck. "These grants help businesses, colleges and state agencies identify strategies to reduce the use of toxic materials, save energy, protect human health and save money."
The University of Turabo will use a $146,989 EPA grant to provide specialized training to hotels in Puerto Rico to teach them to reduce their energy and water consumption. The University of Turabo will develop case studies of how some hotels have made their operations more sustainable and will develop these studies into a standardized profile for hotel operations. The university will also train hotel management and staff to use the ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager, an interactive energy management tool that allows business to track and assess energy and water usage.
The University of Puerto Rico will use a $47,089 EPA grant to train a variety of businesses, educational institutions and the general public about the environmental and economic importance of conserving energy. The University of Puerto Rico will use one of its own energy efficient buildings on campus as a case study and a training tool. The university will be using ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager to track their energy conservation and will provide a series of workshops and technical assistance to promote building energy conservation.
These grants are part of the approximately $4 million in grants the EPA awards each year that are aimed at preventing pollution across the nation. For more information on EPA Region 2's pollution prevention program, visit https://www.epa.gov/region02/p2/
Follow EPA Region 2 on Twitter at http://twitter.com/eparegion2 and Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/eparegion2
Search this collection of releases | or search all news releases
View selected historical press releases from 1970 to 1998 in the EPA History website.


text:
In his first public comments since being reinstated from his season-long suspension for his role in the Saints' bounty scandal, coach Sean Payton hinted that his biggest regret is that he didn't crack down on his defensive coordinator, Gregg Williams, who has been singled out as the mastermind of the bounty program.
Although Payton declined to go into specifics, the one specific matter that he admitted not doing well enough was managing his coaching staff.
"There's certain things that, you know, as you have a chance to look back on it that I would want to look back on differently and I would want to handle differently, with the challenges of managing a staff," Payton said.
That strongly suggests that Payton believes the bounty scandal was Williams' fault, but that Payton himself also acknowledges that he should have prevented Williams from running a bounty program. Williams is still suspended indefinitely and will be permitted to apply for reinstatement only if a team wants to hire him. So far, no team has shown an inclination to do so.
Payton said it was hard to spend a year away from his team, but what was harder than anything was being away from the players he cares about and from co-workers like Saints G.M. Mickey Loomis and owner Tom Benson.
"I think the hardest part, though, was not football," Payton said. "The hardest part was so many of these people we're talking about — Mickey Loomis, Mr. Benson, a number of the players — you're used to talking to them in a regular basis. So the difficult part for me was not having the personal interaction. Not necessarily football related, but just as you would as a friend. That was what I found to be more difficult than football."
Now Payton is back to work with Loomis, Benson and his players. But not with Williams. Managing Williams again is not something Payton sounds interested in.


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