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Tank, any heavily armed and armoured combat vehicle that moves on two endless metal chains called tracks. Tanks are essentially weapon platforms that make the weapons mounted in them more effective by their cross-country mobility and by the protection they provide for their crews. Weapons mounted in tanks have ranged from single rifle-calibre machine guns to, in recent years, long-barreled guns of 120- or 125-mm (4.72- or 4.92-inch) calibre.
This article discusses the development of tanks from the beginning of the 20th century to the present. For articles on related military platforms, see amphibious assault vehicle and armoured vehicle.
Earliest developments
The use of vehicles for fighting dates to the 2nd millennium bce, when horse-drawn war chariots were used in the Middle East by the Egyptians, Hittites, and others as mobile platforms for combat with bows and arrows. The concept of protected vehicles can be traced back through the wheeled siege towers and battering rams of the Middle Ages to similar devices used by the Assyrians in the 9th century bce. The two ideas began to merge in the battle cars proposed in 1335 by Guido da Vigevano, in 1484 by Leonardo da Vinci, and by others, down to James Cowen, who took out a patent in England in 1855 for an armed, wheeled, armoured vehicle based on the steam tractor.
But it was only at the beginning of the 20th century that armoured fighting vehicles began to take practical form. By then the basis for them had become available with the appearance of the traction engine and the automobile. Thus, the first self-propelled armoured vehicle was built in 1900 in England when John Fowler & Company armoured one of their steam traction engines for hauling supplies in the South African (Boer) War (1899–1902). The first motor vehicle used as a weapon carrier was a powered quadricycle on which F.R. Simms mounted a machine gun in 1899 in England. The inevitable next step was a vehicle that was both armed and armoured. Such a vehicle was constructed to the order of Vickers, Sons and Maxim Ltd. and was exhibited in London in 1902. Two years later a fully armoured car with a turret was built in France by the Société Charron, Girardot et Voigt, and another was built concurrently in Austria by the Austro-Daimler Company.
To complete the evolution of the basic elements of the modern armoured fighting vehicle, it remained only to adopt tracks as an alternative to wheels. This became inevitable with the appearance of the tracked agricultural tractor, but there was no incentive for this until after the outbreak of World War I. A tracked armoured vehicle was proposed in France as early as 1903 but failed to arouse the interest of military authorities, as did a similar proposal made in England in 1908. Three years later a design for a tracked armoured vehicle was rejected by the Austro-Hungarian and then by the German general staffs, and in 1912 the British War Office turned down yet another design.
World War I
The outbreak of World War I in 1914 radically changed the situation. Its opening stage of mobile warfare accelerated the development of armoured cars, numbers of which were quickly improvised in Belgium, France, and Britain. The ensuing trench warfare, which ended the usefulness of armoured cars, brought forth new proposals for tracked armoured vehicles. Most of these resulted from attempts to make armoured cars capable of moving off roads, over broken ground, and through barbed wire. The first tracked armoured vehicle was improvised in July 1915, in Britain, by mounting an armoured car body on a Killen-Strait tractor. The vehicle was constructed by the Armoured Car Division of the Royal Naval Air Service, whose ideas, backed by the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston S. Churchill, resulted in the formation of an Admiralty Landships Committee. A series of experiments by this committee led in September 1915 to the construction of the first tank, called "Little Willie." A second model, called "Big Willie," quickly followed. Designed to cross wide trenches, it was accepted by the British Army, which ordered 100 tanks of this type (called Mark I) in February 1916.
Simultaneously but independently, tanks were also developed in France. Like the very first British tank, the first French tank (the Schneider) amounted to an armoured box on a tractor chassis; 400 were ordered in February 1916. But French tanks were not used until April 1917, whereas British tanks were first sent into action on Sept. 15, 1916. Only 49 were available and their success was limited, but on Nov. 20, 1917, 474 British tanks were concentrated at the Battle of Cambrai and achieved a spectacular breakthrough. These tanks, however, were too slow and had too short an operating range to exploit the breakthrough. In consequence, demand grew for a lighter, faster type of tank, and in 1918 the 14-ton Medium A appeared with a speed of 8 miles (13 km) per hour and a range of 80 miles (130 km). After 1918, however, the most widely used tank was the French Renault F.T., a light six-ton vehicle designed for close infantry support.
When World War I ended in 1918, France had produced 3,870 tanks and Britain 2,636. Most French tanks survived into the postwar period; these were the Renault F.T., much more serviceable than their heavier British counterparts. Moreover, the Renault F.T. fitted well with traditional ideas about the primacy of the infantry, and the French army adopted the doctrine that tanks were a mere auxiliary to infantry. France's lead was followed in most other countries; the United States and Italy both assigned tanks to infantry support and copied the Renault F.T. The U.S. copy was the M1917 light tank, and the Italian was the Fiat 3000. The only other country to produce tanks by the end of the war was Germany, which built about 20.
Interwar developments
The Renault F.T. remained the most numerous tank in the world into the early 1930s. Aware of the need for more powerful vehicles, if only for leading infantry assaults, the French army took the lead in developing well-armed tanks. The original 1918 French Schneider and Saint-Chamond tanks already had 75-mm guns, while the heavier British tanks were at best armed with 57-mm guns. After the war the French built 10 68-ton 2C tanks with the first turret-mounted 75-mm guns and continued to develop 75-mm-gun tanks, notably the 30-ton Char B of 1936.
In the meantime, Britain took the lead, technically and tactically, in developing the mobility of tanks. Even before World War I had ended, work had started on the Medium D with a maximum speed of 20 miles (32 km) per hour. Between 1923 and 1928 the British Army ordered 160 of the new Vickers Medium tanks. They were virtually the only tanks the British Army had until the early 1930s and the only tanks to be produced in quantity anywhere in the world during the mid-1920s. The Vickers Mediums stimulated the Royal Tank Corps to develop mobile tactics, and various experiments during the 1920s and early '30s resulted in the general adoption of two categories of tanks. Mobile tanks were intended for the role performed earlier by horse cavalry, while slower but more heavily armoured tanks provided infantry support.
Before this division into mobile and slow tanks had crystallized, several different designs were tried. The British Independent tank of 1925, with five turrets, started a trend toward multi-turreted heavy tanks. Another trendsetter was a small turretless tankette, originated in Britain by Maj. Giffard le Quesne Martel and John Carden in the mid-1920s, and a slightly heavier, turreted, two-man light tank. The number of light tanks grew rapidly after 1929, as several countries started to produce armoured vehicles. The Soviet Union was by far the most important producer; on a much smaller scale Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Japan entered the field in 1930–31. Concurrently, tank production started up again in France and Italy. As tank production grew and spread among nations, the value of light tanks armed only with machine guns decreased, and heavier models armed with 37- to 47-mm guns for fighting other tanks began to displace them. An early example was the Vickers-Armstrong six-ton model of 1930, copied on a large scale in the Soviet Union (as the T-26). The most successful example was the BT, also built in large numbers in the Soviet Union. The fastest tank of its day, the BT was based on designs evolved in the United States by J.W. Christie, who in 1928 built an experimental model capable of 42.5 miles per hour. Christie's vehicles could run on wheels after the removal of tracks and, far more significant, had road wheels independently suspended. This enabled them to move over broken ground faster than tanks with the earlier types of suspension.
Although they were relatively well-armed and mobile, tanks of the T-26 and BT type were lightly armoured (plates 10 to 15 mm thick) and were not, therefore, suitable for close infantry support. This was clearly demonstrated in 1937 during the civil war in Spain, where T-26 and BT tanks were used by the Republican forces. Even before this time, it had become clear that tanks that moved at the slow pace of the infantry and were therefore exposed to the full effect of antitank guns had to be thickly armoured. This realization led in the mid-1930s to such infantry tanks as the French R-35 with 40-mm armour and the British A.11 with up to 60-mm armour.
Apart from being lightly armoured, the Soviet BT, the equivalent British cruiser tanks, and the German Pz. III also required support from more heavily armed tanks if they were to engage in fighting of any intensity. The need for tanks with more powerful 75-mm guns was clearly recognized in Germany, leading in 1934 to the design of the Pz. IV. The problem was realized less clearly in the Soviet Union, even though the T-28 and T-35 multi-turret tanks with 76-mm guns were first built there in 1932–33. But the Russians recognized more quickly than others the need for the next step, which was to replace all the light-medium tanks armed with 37- to 47-mm guns by medium tanks armed with 75- or 76-mm guns. Thus, in 1939, while the Germans were still developing the Pz. III from a 37-mm to a 50-mm version, the Russians were already concentrating on the T-34 medium tank with a 76-mm gun.
Other armies were farther behind in producing well-armed tanks on the eve of World War II. All but 80 of the 1,148 tanks that Britain had produced between 1930 and 1939 were still armed only with machine guns. Italy was even worse off, with only 70 M/11 tanks with 37-mm guns while the rest of its total of 1,500 were small, machine-gun-armed tankettes. The United States had only about 300 machine-gun-armed light tanks. Most of the 2,000 tanks produced in Japan were equally lightly armed. By comparison, France had a more powerful tank force—2,677 modern tanks, of which, however, only 172 were the Char B, armed with 75-mm guns. The largest force was the Soviet Union's, which, as a result of a massive production program started in 1930–31, had about 20,000 tanks by 1939, considerably more than the rest of the world put together.
World War II
The most effective tank force proved to be the German, composed in 1939 of 3,195 vehicles, including 211 Pz. IVs. What made the German panzers so formidable was that, instead of being divided between various infantry and cavalry tank units, they were all concentrated and used in massed formations in the panzer divisions. The successes of the panzer divisions during the first two years of World War II led the major armies to reorganize most of their tanks into similar formations; this resulted in a dramatic increase in production.
The campaigns of 1939–41, in which armoured forces played an important role, also intensified the technical development of tanks and other armoured vehicles. The German Pz. IV and Soviet T-34 were rearmed in 1942 with longer-barreled, higher-velocity guns; soon afterward these began to be displaced by more powerfully armed tanks. In 1943 the Germans introduced the Panther medium tank with a long 75-mm gun having a muzzle velocity of 936 metres (3,070 feet) per second, compared with 384 metres (1,260 feet) per second for the original Pz. IV and 750 metres (2,460 feet) per second for its 1942 version. The 43-ton Panther weighed almost twice as much as its predecessor and was correspondingly better armoured. Germany also introduced the still more powerful Tiger tank, armed with an 88-mm gun. Its final version (Tiger II), at 68 tons, was to be the heaviest tank used during World War II. To oppose it, the Russians brought out the JS, or Stalin, heavy tank, which appeared in 1944 armed with a 122-mm gun. Its muzzle velocity was lower than that of the German 88-mm guns, however, and it weighed only 46 tons. At about the same time the T-34 was rearmed with an 85-mm gun.
In contrast to the breakthrough role of the earlier heavy tanks, the Tiger and JS tanks functioned chiefly to support basic medium tanks by destroying enemy tanks at long range. German and Soviet armies also developed other heavy vehicles for this purpose, such as the 128-mm-gun Jagdtiger and the 122-mm-gun ISU, which in effect were turretless tanks. In addition, all armies developed lightly armoured self-propelled antitank guns. The U.S. Army developed a specialized category of tank destroyers that resembled self-propelled guns in being relatively lightly armoured but that, like tanks, had rotating turrets.
The turretless-tank type of vehicle originated with the Sturmgeschutz, or assault gun, introduced by the German army for infantry support but subsequently transformed into more versatile vehicles particularly suited for destroying enemy tanks. No such vehicles were produced in Britain or the United States. Throughout the war, however, the British Army retained a specialized category of infantry tanks, such as the Churchill, and of cruiser tanks, such as the Crusader and Cromwell. The former were well-armoured and the latter were fast, but none was well-armed compared with German and Soviet tanks. As a result, during 1943 and 1944 British armoured divisions were mostly equipped with U.S.-built M4 Sherman medium tanks.
The M4 was preceded by the mechanically similar M3 General Grant medium tank, which was also armed with a medium-velocity 75-mm gun but had it mounted in the hull instead of the turret, because this could be put into production more quickly when tanks were urgently required in 1940 and 1941. Production of the M4 began in 1942 and eventually 49,234 were built, making it the principal tank of U.S. and other Allied armoured forces. Successful when first introduced, it was by 1944 no longer adequately armed and should have been replaced by a new medium tank. But the U.S. Army, like the British, adhered to the fallacious doctrine that armoured divisions should confine themselves to exploitation of infantry breakthroughs and did not, therefore, need powerfully armed tanks. Only toward the end of the war did the U.S. Army introduce a few M26 Pershing heavy tanks with a 90-mm gun comparable to that of the original German Tiger. Similarly, the British Army introduced the prototypes of the Centurion tank with a 76-mm gun comparable to that of the German Panther. Otherwise, U.S. and British tanks were well behind the German and Soviet tanks in their gun power.
Postwar tank development
After World War II it was generally recognized that all tanks must be well-armed to fight enemy tanks. This finally ended the division of tanks into under-gunned categories of specialized infantry and cavalry tanks, which the British Army retained longer than any other. Still not fully recognized, however, were the advantages of concentrating tanks in fully mechanized formations, and the British and U.S. armies continued to divide tanks between the armoured divisions and the less mobile infantry divisions. After World War II, tanks also suffered from one of the periodic waves of pessimism about their future. New antitank weapons, such as rocket launchers and recoilless rifles, and the mistaken belief that the value of tanks lay primarily in their armour protection caused this attitude. The Soviet army, however, maintained large armoured forces, and the threat they posed to western Europe as the Cold War became more intense, together with the havoc created by Soviet-built T-34/85 tanks during the North Korean invasion of South Korea in 1950, provided a new impetus to development.
The development of tactical nuclear weapons in the mid-1950s provided further stimulus to the development of tanks and other armoured vehicles. Nuclear weapons encouraged the use of armoured forces because of the latter's mobility and high combat power in relation to their vulnerable manpower. Moreover, armoured vehicles proved capable of operating in relative proximity to nuclear explosions by virtue of their protection against blasts and radioactivity.
As less emphasis was placed after a time on nuclear weapons and more on conventional forces, tanks retained their importance. This was based on their being recognized, particularly from the early 1970s, as the most effective counter to other armoured forces, which formed the principal threat posed on the ground by potential aggressors.
In keeping with the importance attached to the ability of tanks to defeat enemy tanks, great emphasis was placed after World War II on their armament. The result was progressive increases in the calibre of tank guns, the development of new types of ammunition with greater armour-piercing capabilities, and the introduction of more sophisticated fire-control systems to improve tank guns' ability to hit targets.
Gun calibre
Increases in gun calibre are well illustrated by the British Centurion, which started in 1945 with a 76-mm gun but in 1948 was rearmed with an 83.8-mm gun and in 1959 with an even more powerful 105-mm gun. Moreover, during the 1950s the capabilities of British tank units were augmented by a small number of Conqueror heavy tanks armed with 120-mm guns, and in the early 1970s the Centurions were entirely replaced by Chieftains armed with new and more-effective 120-mm guns.
Similar increases took place in the calibre of Soviet tank guns. After World War II the basic T-34/85 tanks armed with 85-mm guns were replaced by T-54 and T-55 tanks armed with 100-mm guns. They were followed in the 1960s by the T-62, with a 115-mm gun, and in the 1970s and '80s by the T-64, T-72, and T-80, all with 125-mm smoothbore guns. The JS-3 and T-10 heavy tanks with their less powerful 122-mm guns had by then been withdrawn. This left the Soviet army in the same position as others of having a single type of battle tank as well-armed as contemporary technology would allow.
For a time the U.S. Army also subscribed to a policy of developing heavy as well as medium tanks. But the heavy M103 tank, armed with a 120-mm gun, was only built in small numbers in the early 1950s. As a result, virtually the only battle tanks the U.S. Army had were the M46, M47, and M48 medium tanks, all armed with 90-mm guns. After the mid-1950s the M47 tanks were passed on to the French, Italian, Belgian, West German, Greek, Spanish, and Turkish armies, and during the 1960s the M48 began to be replaced by the M60, which was armed with a U.S.-made version of the 105-mm gun developed for the British Centurion.
The same 105-mm gun was adopted for the Pz. 61 and Pz. 68 tanks produced in Switzerland, the West German Leopard 1, the Swedish S-tank, the Japanese Type 74, and the Mark 1 and 2 versions of the Israeli Merkava. It was also retained in the original version of the U.S. M1 Abrams tank developed in the 1970s, but the subsequent M1A1 version of the 1980s was rearmed with a 120-mm gun originally developed in West Germany for the Leopard 2 tank. The British Challenger, introduced in the 1980s, was also armed with 120-mm guns, but these were still of the rifle type.
The last years of World War II saw the development of more- effective antitank ammunition with armour-piercing, discarding-sabot (APDS) projectiles. These had a smaller-calibre, hard tungsten carbide core inside a light casing. The casing fell away on leaving the gun barrel, while the core flew on at an extremely high velocity. The APDS, which was adopted for the 83.8-mm gun of the Centurions, was fired with a velocity of 1,430 metres (4,692 feet) per second. By comparison, earlier full-calibre, armour-piercing projectiles had a maximum muzzle velocity of about 900 metres (3,000 feet) per second. With this shell the Centurion's 83.8-mm gun could penetrate armour twice as thick as could the 88-mm gun of the German Tiger II of World War II.
An alternative type of armour-piercing ammunition developed during the 1950s was the high-explosive antitank (HEAT) shell. This shell used a shaped charge with a conical cavity that concentrated its explosive energy into a very high-velocity jet capable of piercing thick armour. The HEAT round was favoured by the U.S. Army for its 90-mm tank guns and also by the French army for the 105-mm gun of its AMX-30 tank, introduced in the mid-1960s. However, during the 1970s both APDS and HEAT began to be superseded by armour-piercing, fin-stabilized, discarding-sabot (APFSDS) ammunition. These projectiles had long-rod penetrator cores of tungsten alloy or depleted uranium; they could be fired with muzzle velocities of 1,650 metres (5,400 feet) per second or more, making them capable of perforating much thicker armour than all earlier types of ammunition.
During the 1960s, attempts were made to arm tanks with guided-missile launchers. These were to provide tanks with a combination of the armour-piercing capabilities of large shaped-charge warheads with the high accuracy at long range of guided missiles. The U.S. M60A2 and the U.S.-West German MBT-70 were armed with 152-mm gun/launchers firing standard ammunition as well as launching Shillelagh guided antitank missiles, and the AMX-30 was armed experimentally with the 142-mm ACRA gun/launcher. But the high cost, unreliability, and slow rate of fire of the missiles, together with the appearance of APFSDS ammunition and greatly improved fire-control systems, led to abandonment of gun/launchers in the early 1970s.
Fire control
The first major postwar advance in fire-control systems was the adoption of optical range finders, first on the M47 tank and then on the Leopard 1, the AMX-30, and other tanks. In the 1960s, optical range finders began to be replaced by laser range finders. In combination with electronic ballistic computers, these greatly increased the hit probability of tank guns. They became standard in all new tanks built from the early 1970s and were retrofitted in many of the earlier tanks.
Another major development was that of night sights, which enabled tanks to fight in the dark as well as in daylight. Originally of the active infrared type, they were first adopted on a large scale on Soviet tanks. Other tanks were fitted from the 1960s with image-intensifier sights and from the 1970s with thermal imaging sights. These latter were called passive because, unlike active infrared systems, they did not emit energy and were not detectable.
After World War II an increasing number of tanks were fitted with stabilized gun controls to enable them to fire more accurately on the move (i.e., to keep their gun barrels at a constant angle of elevation even while the tank was riding over bumps or depressions). At first some tanks, such as the T-54, had their guns stabilized only in elevation, but the Centurion already had stabilization in traverse as well as elevation, and this became standard beginning in the 1970s. Afterward tanks were also provided with independently stabilized gunners', as well as commanders', sights, the better to engage targets on the move.
Until the 1960s, tank armour consisted of homogeneous steel plates or castings. The thickness of this armour varied from 8 mm on early tanks to 250 mm at the front of the German Jagdtiger of 1945. After World War II, opinions differed about the value of armour protection. Tanks such as the Leopard 1 and AMX-30 had relatively thin armour for the sake of light weight and greater mobility, which was considered to provide a greater chance of battlefield survival. Other tanks, such as the Chieftain, had heavier armour, up to 120 mm thick at the front, and the Arab-Israeli wars of 1967 and 1973 demonstrated the continued value of heavy armour.
At the same time, new types of armour were developed that were much more effective than homogeneous steel, particularly against shaped-charge warheads. The new types were multilayered and incorporated ceramics or other nonmetallic materials as well as steel. The first was successfully developed in Britain under the name of Chobham armour. Armour of its kind was first adopted in the early 1970s in the M1 and Leopard 2; it then came into general use in place of simple steel armour.
Fighting in Lebanon in 1982 saw the first use, on Israeli tanks, of explosive reactive armour, which consisted of a layer of explosive sandwiched between two relatively thin steel plates. Designed to explode outward and thus neutralize the explosive penetration of a shaped-charge warhead, reactive armour augmented any protection already provided by steel or composite armour.
The increased protection afforded to tanks inevitably increased their weight. Some tanks introduced during the 1950s and '60s, such as the T-54 and AMX-30, weighed only 36 tons, but the Chieftain already weighed 54 tons. Most tanks introduced during the 1980s, such as the M1 and the Leopard 2, also weighed more than 50 tons, and the Challenger weighed as much as 62 tons.
In spite of the progressive increases in weight, tanks' speed and agility actually increased because they were provided with more powerful engines. After World War II, tank engines had an output of 500 to 800 horsepower, but, starting with the MBT-70, their output increased to 1,500 horsepower. Engines of this power were installed in the M1 and the Leopard 2, giving them power-to-weight ratios of more than 20 horsepower per ton.
Most tank engines of the immediate postwar years had 12 cylinders in a V-configuration and at first were of the spark-ignition gasoline type. But Soviet tanks already had diesel engines, and from the 1960s almost all tanks were diesel-powered. This increased their range of operation because of the greater thermal efficiency of the diesels, and it reduced the risk of catastrophic fires that could erupt if the armour was perforated by enemy weapons.
The development of gas turbines led in the 1960s to the use of one, in combination with a diesel engine, in the Swedish S-tank. After that, a 1,500-horsepower gas turbine was adopted to power by itself the M1 and M1A1. A gas turbine also powered the Soviet T-80, introduced in the 1980s. All other new tanks of the 1980s continued to be powered by diesels because of their greater fuel economy.
Since the speed of tanks over rough ground depended not only on the power of their engines but also on the effectiveness of their suspensions, the latter developed considerably in the postwar era. Almost all tanks adopted independently located road wheels, sprung in most cases by transversely located torsion bars. Exceptions to this were the Centurion and Chieftain and the Merkava, which used coil springs. To improve their ride over rough ground still further, most tanks built during the 1980s were fitted with hydropneumatic instead of metallic spring units.
The great majority of postwar tanks continued the traditional configuration of driver's station at the front of the hull, engine compartment at the rear, and rotating turret at the centre. The turret mounted the main armament and was occupied by the tank's commander, gunner, and loader. This configuration, introduced by the Vickers-Armstrong A.10 tank designed in 1934, became almost universal after World War II, but after 1960 it was abandoned in some cases in favour of novel configurations. One widely adopted configuration retained the turret but replaced the human loader by an automatic loading mechanism. The first examples of this were on the T-64 and T-72 tanks, whose guns were automatically loaded from a carousel-type magazine below the turret. Another tank with an unconventional configuration was the Merkava, which had its engine compartment at the front and the ammunition at the rear of the hull, where it was least likely to be hit by enemy fire. The Merkava also had a turret with a low frontal area, which reduced the target it presented to enemy weapons.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
amphibious assault vehicle
Amphibious assault vehicle (AAV), an armed and armoured military vehicle designed to deliver assault troops and their equipment from ship to shore under combat conditions. As developed most fully by the United States Marine Corps, AAVs are tracked vehicles that transport troops and materiel over…
World War I: Rival strategies and the Dardanelles campaign, 1915–16…the weapon known as the tank. Some of the British strategists, on the other hand, argued that instead of seeking a breakthrough on the Germans' impregnable Western Front, the Allies should turn the whole position of the Central Powers either by an offensive through the Balkans or even by a…
tactics: The power of the defense…a great future was the tank. The idea of employing armoured vehicles on the battlefield was not new, dating back at least as far as Leonardo da Vinci (before 1500), but they first appeared on the battlefield in 1916 at the Somme. World War I tanks were either "male" or…
strategy: Strategy in the age of total warTanks and airplanes had made a tentative debut during World War I, and, had the war lasted a little longer, they certainly would have demonstrated abilities well beyond those that were shown during the war. The advocates of armoured warfare resided for the most part…
automotive industry: The automotive industry in World War II…war, 60 percent of the tanks, all the armoured cars, and 85 percent of the military helmets and aerial bombs.…
More About Tank13 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- antitank weapons
- armoured vehicles
- effect on strategy and tactics
- introduction into warfare
- military production by automotive industry
- Panzer divisions
- periscopes
- In periscope
- tank destroyers
- use in Battle of Cambrai


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VIDEO: The Daily Zap for games played Nov. 17
Knicks seeking Rondo deal? | Humphries frustrated with lack of minutes | Report: Asik certain to be traded | Old habits plaguing Kings | Warriors smarting over O'Neal's injury
No. 1: Knicks trying to swing deal for Rondo? — Last week, trade rumors surrounding Knicks guard Iman Shumpert began to stir with the prominent deal being floated about was a Shumpert-for-Kenneth Faried swap with Denver. According to our own David Aldridge, that deal is unlikely to happen, but that hasn't stopped the Knicks from keeping Shumpert in the trade rumor talks. ESPNNewYork.com's Ian Bagley reports that the Knicks are interested in trying to send Shumpert and forward Amar'e Stoudemire to Boston in an effort to land injured All-Star point guard Rajon Rondo. The chances of that deal coming to pass aren't likely, though:
UPDATE — Celtics boss Danny Ainge tells the Boston Herald's Steve Bulpett there's 'nothing to' the Rondo rumors:
The recent spate of rumors regarding the possible trade of Rajon Rondo are not based in any Celtic reality.
"I haven't talked to any teams about Rajon Rondo," Celts' president of basketball operation Danny Ainge told the Herald this morning.
He has, however, fielded a number of calls wanting to now if the rumors are true.
"It's frustrating," Ainge said.
He went on to reiterate that Rondo, still rehabbing from ACL surgery, is a major part of the Celtics' plans going forward.
The reports in the last two days have focused more on opposing teams being interested in Rondo, but the packages of lesser players being floated as a return make no sense for the Celts.
Here's Bagley's report on the trade talks:
The New York Knicks continue to dangle Iman Shumpert in trade talks, including a recent proposal to the Celtics that would send the third-year guard and Amar'e Stoudemire to Boston in an effort to obtain star point guard Rajon Rondo, league sources confirmed Sunday.
The Celtics, though, have yet to show interest in the deal, instead preferring to unload forward Gerald Wallace in a trade, sources said.
The Knicks have inquired about Rondo in trade talks before, but both times the Celtics made it clear they were not interested in trading him.
Sources did say the Celtics would be willing to take on Stoudemire's contract if they could unload some of their longer deals, namely those of Wallace and Courtney Lee.
The Knicks may be reluctant to take Wallace back because they're hesitant to take on salary beyond the 2014-15 season.
The Knicks have three large contracts (Stoudemire, Tyson Chandler and Andrea Bargnani) coming off their books at the end the 2014-15 season and would like to be in position to acquire a top-flight free agent.
A trade including Wallace and Stoudemire would seem to benefit the Celtics financially. Boston is in rebuilding mode, and Stoudemire's contract expires a year before Wallace's.
One factor that could complicate trade talks involving Shumpert is that the 2011 first-round pick had a second surgery on his left knee this summer, league sources confirmed on Sunday.
The Knicks and Nuggets discussed a Shumpert-for-Kenneth Faried swap last week. New York believed it had a deal completed on Tuesday morning, a league source told ESPNNewYork.com. But the trade fell through when Denver asked the Knicks to include at least one draft pick.
And then there are these tweets from ESPN.com's Chris Broussard on a possible Rondo-Shumpert/Stoudemire swap:
No. 2: Humphries frustrated with minutes in Boston — Not since the 2008-09 season, when he averaged 9.1 mpg, has Kris Humphries seen his playing time dwindle as much as it has this season. Humphries is playing 11.2 mpg with Boston and has appeared in just six of the team's 11 games. The veteran power forward is growing frustrated with his lesser role and future on the team, writes A. Sherrod Blakely of CSNNewEngland.com:
Humphries wants to play somewhere, even if it means leaving Boston.
He's not quite ready to demand a trade, but it's clear that the lack of playing time and erratic minutes he has played is weighing on him.
The 6-foot-9 veteran did not play (coaches decision) in Boston's 109-96 loss to Portland on Friday, his fifth DNP-CD this season.
"I'm just waiting for a break or an opportunity to get in there more consistently," Humphries told CSNNE.com. "It would have been great to have played better (Wednesday) night and us win. That would help. But as a guy playing inconsistent minutes, it's not going to happen every night for you. You have to try and make it happen and do whatever you can to help your team win."
The 28-year-old veteran has appeared in five games this season, averaging four points and 2.8 rebounds while playing 11 minutes per game.
But in the rebuilding process that the Celtics are currently in, there's always some form of collateral damage along the way.
While he has often thought about what he has to do in order to get more minutes in Boston, he hasn't asked for a trade.
"That's why players have agents," Humphries said. "We just have to as players, focus on what we can control. If you sit there and say, 'hey I want a trade,' it's going to take away from the team and what you're trying do to."
Celtics head coach Brad Stevens has praised Humphries often for his professionalism and work ethic throughout training camp and into the regular season.
And while it's clear that Humphries doesn't fit into the regular rotation now, the parity of so many players on this roster makes it such that everyone has to be ready to play every night.
"It's been tough. I'm here so that's what I'm focused on," Humphries said. "I'm playing some 4 (power forward) now, which I think will help out a little bit. But nothing has ever been easy for me. I'e always had shorter-term deals, always had to prove myself."
No. 3: Report: Asik certain to be dealt — Late last week, news broke courtesy of the Houston Chronicle that Rockets center Omer Asik had asked the team to trade him. ESPN.com's Marc Stein confirms that Asik is a near-lock to be dealt, but the questions remain about not just where Asik will land, but what Houston does with him until it can find a trade partner:
The mystery here, apart from the obvious question about where he ultimately winds up, is what Houston does with Asik until it can locate that appealing deal.
The center was scratched from Saturday's home game against Denver essentially because he's so unhappy with his new role that he's in no state to play. Word is Asik has been asking the Rockets pretty much once a week, since Dwight Howard's arrival in July, to please trade him elsewhere. And now losing his starting spot, on top of what was already a reduced role, has clearly knocked the 27-year-old back.
Sources with knowledge of the situation told ESPN.com that Asik was challenged by coaches and teammates this week for not being "engaged" in the wake of the lineup change, which took effect when Asik was moved to the bench for Wednesday's game in Philadelphia. And he hasn't played since the challenge, logging zero minutes Thursday night in New York while in uniform and not even dressing against the Nuggets.
The new challenge for the Rockets, then, is getting Asik's mind right and getting him back on the floor as soon as possible, given the very real chance that a workable trade won't materialize until after Dec. 15, when dozens of players who signed new contracts in July become eligible to be moved.
Dec. 15, for those not inclined to count it up, is still 28 days away.
"I understand it's tough for him," Howard told reporters after Houston's morning shootaround. "The only thing I can do is be his friend off the floor and help him any way I can. I understand it's a tough situation for him, but we are all family and we have to learn to fight through frustrations."
Rest assured, though, that eager suitors for Asik will materialize eventually, no matter how mopey he seems right now and even with Houston hoping for a front-line player in return. The rebounding ability and rim presence Asik can provide makes him a starting-caliber center for numerous teams in this league.
No. 4: Old habits keep holding Kings back — With a new arena in the works, new ownership leading the team and a contract extension for talented big man DeMarcus Cousins, excitement for the Kings was at a fever pitch as the 2013-14 season opened. Yet, nine games into the season, Sacramento finds itself in a familiar position: with a losing record and among the worst teams in the conference (they only have one more win than the NBA's worst team, the 1-10 Utah Jazz). Jason Jones of The Sacramento Bee talks about how the culture of the Kings and, perhaps, some of the players are keeping Sacramento from where it wants to go:
How the Kings continue to play with a lack of urgency is befuddling. They did so again this afternoon in losing to the Memphis Grizzlies, 97-86, at Sleep Train Arena.
Perhaps it's a case of old habits dying slow. Or maybe this is just who the Kings are – a team with unpredictable levels of effort and focus – and that won't change unless players change.
There was talk of changing the culture postgame, and how much work that takes.
The work will begin to take hold when the Kings realize they have to hold themselves accountable and not accept subpar effort from themselves and teammates.
"As a group, as a unit, as a team, we've just got to get tired of losing," said forward John Salmons. "If you're tired of losing when we're down in the third quarter like that you wouldn't come out with the lack of energy like we did. I think guys are used to it and it shows on the court. When you have that mentality it's hard to break those habits."
A lot of these players have been around in past seasons when players have admitted to being overconfident for games when most night the Kings had a losing record entering those games.
No. 5: Warriors hurting over O'Neal's injury — For a squad led by youngsters Klay Thompson and Steph Curry, the stability a veteran voice like Jermaine O'Neal can provide to an up-and-coming squad is invaluable. O'Neal hasn't just provided sagely words for the Warriors, though, as he's proven to be a key cog in the team's bench unit and had been hitting his stride. All of those factors made O'Neal's injury in Golden State's 102-88 win over Utah on Saturday all the more costly to the team's chemistry, writes Rusty Simmons of the San Francisco Chronicle:
It's not that the Warriors don't have options to take the backup center's place. It's just that it's nearly impossible for a single player to do everything the 35-year-old was doing for the team.
O'Neal, who was initially diagnosed with a sprained right knee and strained right groin before additional tests late Sunday afternoon, has been a steady defensive anchor on the second unit and the team's most proven scorer from the low post. More importantly, since signing a free-agent deal in the summer and arriving in Oakland before his 18th NBA season, the six-time All-Star's voice and experience have provided his younger teammates with a different focus level, toughness and mind-set than they've ever known.
…Though the Warriors could sign NBA Development Leaguer Dewayne Dedmon, who was with the team during training camp, they can't issue 10-day contracts until Jan. 6. It was fitting that Draymond Green and Ognjen Kuzmic acted as O'Neal's crutches as he was helped to the locker room, because those two probably will receive an increase in minutes.
Starting power forward David Lee will play some backup-center minutes, and backup power forward Marreese Speights can bump up a position. Still, the Warriors will need Green and/or Kuzmic to play more depending on matchups.
"I know he'll bounce back," shooting guard Klay Thompson said of O'Neal. "He's one of the toughest guys I've ever met."
In the meantime, the Warriors will need to find someone to match O'Neal's production. Having found a comfort zone, he averaged nine points (on 75 percent shooting), four rebounds, one blocked shot and one steal over the past three games.
O'Neal said last week that his mind was going "100 miles per hour" because he was pressing to meet the team's expectations, but after talking with his wife, brother and high school coach, and praying, he found a place of calm.
"I've been playing this thing called basketball for 20-something years," O'Neal said Wednesday. "Nothing really changes. The same shots I could make in the past, I can still make now. There's no difference from when I'm working out in practice and knocking a shot down than when I'm in a game, but I had to tell myself that."
SOME RANDOM HEADLINES: Nuggets coach Brian Shaw is still mad at himself for using the Hack-A-Howard strategy … Detroit is taking a cautious approach with Chauncey Billups' return from tendinitis in his knees … Is it time for the Raptors to consider gunning for a top pick in the 2014 Draft? …
ICYMI Of The Night: You've got to watch this alley-oop from Brandon Jennings to Andre Drummond a couple of times, first because it looks like it is a missed shot and, second, because once you realize it's a great pass, you've got to see it again and again …
VIDEO: Brandon Jennings' off-the-glass alley-oop to Andre Drummond

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Offers Available
- FREE Delivery anywhere in the UK including Northern Ireland
Buy our GX Lite Teal Blue Fire Retardant 89mm Blackout Vertical Window Blinds from £25.58!
Our Made to Measure Fire Retardant 89mm Blackout Vertical Window Blinds have been specially designed for use in workplaces and public spaces meeting the strictest safety standards. They are ideal for any place where fire might be a risk especially the kitchen in the home.
Operating your Purple GX Lite Fire Retardant 89mm Blackout Vertical Window Blinds is now even smoother and simpler than before. Using a high quality sleek, slim-line Teal Blue aluminium headrail system, which in turn allows the blinds to tilt, turn or be stacked to either side of the window, giving you complete control over the amount of light needed.
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Design Style:
GX Lite
Teal Blue
Product ID:
3 ply
Louvre Width:
89mm Blackout / 8.9cm
Blackout / Fire Retardant
Wipe Clean
Available Widths:
150 mm to 4800 mm
Available Drops:
20 mm to 4000 mm
Important information:
Any Fire Retardant Vertical Window Blinds with a width greater than 3.1 metres will be made as 2 headrails with separate controls to avoid risk of any damage during delivery.
All our Made to Measure 89mm Fire Retardant Vertical Window Blinds are manufactured in the UK. They are made using the best quality fire retardant material giving you a highly durable and safe product.
All our Made to Measure 89mm Fire Retardant Vertical Window Blinds have a 1 year warranty for any manufacturer faults. This does not cover any accidental damage.
This guide provides you with information on how to measure your blinds.
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All blinds come with all the fittings you'll need, along with instructions for easy installation.
If you have any other questions about installation or measurements, please feel free to contact us
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Here at Blinding Interiors we want you to have the best shopping experience and want your blinds to reach you perfectly made. Therefore all made to measure blinds take 10-14 days to deliver as you cant rush quality. All our items are sent via a reputable courier
Returns Policy
Blinding Interiors want you to be happy when you shop with us. We therefore have a no quibbles return policy.
Any faults or damage must be reported within 48 hours. Any unwanted products carry a 14 day money back guarantee from the date of delivery.
Any products that are damaged or faulty upon delivery will be replaced at no unwanted or unsuitable products are to be returned at the customers expense.
Please contact us for a returns number on 0333 433 03 44 or by email at email@example.com and the reason for the return. Unfortunately, we cannot accept returned items without a returns number. This does not affect your statutory rights.
Refunds and exchanges will be subject to the item being returned to us in its original condition. That is, unused, all labels intact, and in its proper resalable packaging. A full refund will not be given if the item is not able to be sold again as new. The customer shall be held liable for the return of the item(s). A minimum charge of £8.99 will be deducted from the the value of refunded items to cover our administration and postage and packaging costs.
All made to order products are non-returnable. If you are unsure whether a product is made to order please contact us by phone on 0333 433 03 44 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com
We insist a reputable courier service is used for all returns.
Subject to the goods being returned in their original condition, a refund will be issued, or an exchange will be organised.
Please ensure that the package is wrapped securely and give the reason for the return.
Please send all items to be returned to:
Blinding Interiors
Returns Department
10a Nelson Terrace
Please Note


text: Has anyone figured out a way to get the syslog more intuitive? Now all we can see from the log is that something happened with Apache. This will not tell us who did it. And yet almost all our sites all ready use ISPConfig3's suPHP and suExec. Any way to replace the www-data with webNR?


text:
Market Timing For Dummies
Table of Contents
Author Information
This authoritative guide is packed with expert advice on how to increase your profits and limit your risk. It helps you grasp the psychology behind market timing as you learn the basics of the method, analyze our finances, select the right software and equipment, and define your market trading style. You'll get the hang of using technical analysis to identify trends and reversals, catch key turning points, and manage risk as you track general market trends, develop a feel for when a particular trend is vulnerable to change, and seize the moment! Discover how to:
- Understand how Wall Street really works
- Use a wide array of market-timing tools
- Anticipate and prepare for trend shifts using technical analysis
- Time the stock market with the seasons
- Time with a feel for the pulse of the market
- Execute successful timing trades
- Time the stock, bond, foreign, and commodities markets
Yes! You can make money in any market, whether trends are rising, falling, or moving sideways. Let Market Timing For Dummies show you how.


text:
Randy Travis in Recovery and Resting Comfortably
Randy Travis -- who recently suffered a stroke after a complication due to a complication of congestive heart failure -- underwent surgery on Wednesday (July 10), and fans have been very concerned about his progress since. Finally, there has been an update -- and, most importantly, it's good news.
Although Travis has been under heavy sedation since he came out of surgery, the 54-year-old is resting comfortably, but is still in critical condition. His family continues to ask for prayers and support, and fans can continue to do their part to encourage Travis by sending cards and well-wishes.
Before his health took a turn for the worse, Travis was keeping busy, most recently playing an especially touching tribute to the late George Jones, who he truly admired.
Here's to a strong recovery for the country star. Hopefully each day, he'll get a little stronger until he's strolling across the stage, delighting everyone with his pure and memorable voice.
Check back to Taste of Country for more news as it is available.


text:
Governor gets three judicial nominees
Three names have been forwarded to Missouri Gov. Jay Nixon to replace Associate Circuit Judge Vernon Scoville III, who recently retired.
Missouri Lawyers Weekly reports that there were 18 applicants. The 16th Judicial Commission has selected three finalists:
• Patricia Scaglia, a family law attorney of the Scaglia Law Firm in Independence.
• Jeffrey Keal of the Jackson County Prosecutor's Office.
• Jalilah Otto, chief trial attorney of the Jackson County Prosecutor's Office and a special assistant U.S. attorney for the Western District of Missouri.
Nixon has 60 days to select one of the three.
– Staff report


text: >What is your hardware setup (processor, motherboard, network, etc.)? We are running a cluster of 20 AMDs running at 1.2GHz all on Asus A7V133A boards communicating over a fast ethernet plane. >Did you have any problems with the hardware or configuration? What is >your evaluation of the cause and solution? No problems with the setup, only thing with AMDs you have to append the following to the lilo.conf append="x86_serial_nr=1" that was the trickiest thing we encountered. Overall, the machines outperform every pentium3 setup for what we do (MD simulations and procedures which involve FFT) >Are you pleased with the performance and reliability of your cluster? >Please explain. We couldn't be more pleased, this system has been easy to manage with only a few hardware faults due to unknown power outages across the campus. Performance/cost ratio is astounding! >Assuming you have a limited budget (that should be everyone), what >recommendations would you have concerning cluster hardware? Determine if communications is your bottleneck, because spending the extra $ on myrinet might not be worth it. A fast ethernet switch with 24 ports might perform just as good, remember it depends on your applications, do they need a faster communication plane or not?? There is a big difference in cost with these two networking alternatives. AMD offeres faster FPUs than intel P3s and for a greater discount, you can save money there. >What has been your experience with the following hardware and financial >tradeoffs (assuming you've had some experience with them)? >Intel vs. AMD processors: AMDs won every test we performed (using G98, CPMD, ADF, etc.) Faster and cheaper to say the least. >SCSI vs. EIDE disks: We only use SCSI on our server node because /home is NFS'd there >Myrinet vs. Ethernet only vs. other network technologies: We have only gone with ethernet because our applications would not benefit greater from Myrinet, however, we are experimenting with channel bonding now (cheaper than Myrinet and nearly doubles the bandwidth of Ethernet). >Server level hardware (such as the supermicro 370DLE motherboard) vs >workstation level hardware: All of our compute nodes have workstation level hardware, while our server has the SuperMicro 370DLE board with two 1GHz PIIIs, two SCSI drives, more RAM and a GIG-E card to connect to the backplane of our switch. Hope all this helps. Joey ____________________________________________________________________ Get free email and a permanent address at http://www.amexmail.com/?A=1


text:
BOSTON, Mass.—Despite singles victories from Anitra Kloczewiak (Newton, Mass.) and Nurcin Celebi (Istanbul, Turkey), UMass Boston dropped their fifth straight match at the hands of the University Southern Maine, falling by a 5-3 score Tuesday afternoon at the B.C. High Tennis Courts.
For the third straight conference match UMass Boston fell into an early hold and couldn't get themselves out, as they Beacons dropped to 2-6 and 0-3 in Little East play. The Huskies win pushed them to 6-2 on the year and 1-2 in Little East action.
Kloczewiak continued to dominate her Little East opposition, moving to 3-0 in singles play and picked up her second win in three tries in double- by teaming up with co-captain Samantha Counts (Bridgewater, Mass.).
Celebi earned the third and final point for UMB by snapping her six-match losing streak. The sophomore earned her first collegiate win on opening day and added to the total Wednesday, when she earned a 4-6, 6-1, 10-7 super tiebreaker win at number five singles.
Southern Maine led from start to finish in the match thanks to a big 8-0 victory at number three doubles, as Molly Gallagher and Katie Quinn stymied the Beacons pair of Kelsey Shea (West Bridgewater, Mass.) and Logan Smith (Southwick, Mass.).
Number two doubles was much tighter, with Mary Moran and Liz Martin narrowly defeating Nuha Muntasser (Braintree, Mass.) and Solveig Castelli (Precojo, France) 8-6.
UMass Boston got on the board at number one singles thanks to a big tiebreak win. The Beacons co-captains downed Courtney Aldrich and Jenna Willey 8-7, behind an 8-6 edge in the tiebreak.
The Beacons briefly tied the match at 2-2 when Kloczewiak earned a victory at second flight singles over Willey. Kloczewiak downed Willey 6-3, 6-2 to pick up her team-leading 10th win of the year.
Southern Maine responded quickly, as Aldrich knocked off Castelli 6-2, 6-2 at number four singles and Gallagher defeated Counts 6-2, 6-1 at number three singles.
The Huskies wrapped up the match with a win at top flight singles, as Moran outlasted Muntasser 6-4, 6-3 to give the Huskies a 5-2 lead.
From there it was all Beacons, as Celebi mounted a huge comeback against Quinn to force the super tiebreaker and then earned the 10-7 win in the abbreviated third set.
The final match of the day was called off due to darkness, but Beacon freshman Kathleen Conroy (Quincy, Mass.) was leading one set to zero (7-5) at number six singles before play was called.
UMass Boston will send Muntasser and Kloczewiak to Williamstown, Mass. Friday for the ITA New England Regional Tournament, before the entire team returns to action Saturday afternoon at UMass Dartmouth.


text:
Oamaru…Magical Oamaru, New Zealand
05 Friday Jul 2013
Posted Soul Translationsin
Oamaru…Magical Oamaru, New Zealand
09 Tuesday Apr 2013
Posted My Artin
Headquarters, New Zealand, Oamaru, steampunk, train, zentangle
29 Friday Mar 2013
Posted My Artin
As most of you know I live in the South Island of New Zealand, a precious little town called Oamaru, Oamaru is known as the Steam Punk capital of New Zealand, we have the very famous steam punk HQ here, also The Steam Punk art Exhibition each year..and the Fashion Show which is always WiLd!!
Anyway we have now got a fantastic Steam Punk playground as well, its fabulous, so I decided to tangle the huge elephant.
Heres the results
This is the elephant being landed into position
And here's my zentangle in process
And the finished piece, I'm happy with the result.
15 Friday Feb 2013
Posted Soul Translationsin
Took a couple of photos of SteamPunk HQ yesterday, just snapped on my phone so not that great, but sure you'll get the general idea.
If you ever visit Oamaru
you must come in to HQ
Its dark and scary
sepia toned and gothic
with howling voices sounding robotic
We also have an airship up high
suspended, dangling from the sky.
We really are very clever in Oamaru,
come visit, show us your face, I dare you!
Rev. Brooke J Burke, HPs, MScB. All Rights Reserved.
tarot and witchcraft for the brave and curious
Always hoping for a better tomorrow.
storytelling the world
... one day at a time
The creative within responsible for growth and change.
Between Traditions a Spiritual Odyssey
Guess what I'm not doing!
If you want to be a hero well just follow me
Expressions of Kept Emotions and Experiences
Tarot - Runes - Dowsing
Home of Anna Wess, Writer & Ghost Chaser
Books, Reviews and bookish thoughts
Reflections on Life through poetry, essays and photos
Inner Alchemy
lightning in the blood
Q's werld a werld of introspection retrospectyion complication, yet simplicity overiding all so to see the reality is only but to lewk upon it with a gentle gaze. Unto Infinity and Beyond.
where observation and imagination meet nature in poetry
Self-discovery, choices, empowerment
अवश्यम ब्रूयात सत्यम अप्रियम
Welcome to our online community of creativity, healing and self-exploration! This is a place to tell our stories with the intention to learn from one another. Please read and share your thoughts freely!
A blog containing random thoughts, bits of life, creations from my art room and tales of a cat named Orlando and a puppy named Siddy
Insights for Spiritual Living
Poetry and fiction by a physicist from the dark side
Joy: From the Ground Up
Journeys Through Place and Time
The Art and Craft of Blogging
"Here is my secret. It is very simple: It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye.."- Antoine de Saint Exupéry
Left the Nest
spiritual enlightenment and self improvement
Sometimes we just don't look far enough.
"right answer, wrong question"
Echoes of Life, Love and Laughter
The insights and rantings of a Mad Witch!
Saying "Yes, and..." to life on the unfolding path to remembering full self.
Looking at Life Anew
My Spiritual Journey
frightfully wondrous things happen here.
Fictional Prose, Poems and Essays
Write Your Own Story
Healthy Start


text:
Printer Friendly Version
Standard ECMA-279
80 mm (1,23 Gbytes per side) and 120
mm (3,95 Gbytes per side) DVD-Recordable Disk (DVD-R)
(December 1998)
This Ecma Standard specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of an 80 mm and a 120 mm DVD - Recordable disk to enable the interchange of such disks. It specifies the quality of the pre-recorded, unrecorded and the recorded signals, the format of the data, the format of the information zone, the format of the unrecorded zone, and the recording method, thereby allowing for information interchange by means of such disks. This disk is identified as a DVD - Recordable (DVD-R) disk. Once data has been recorded on a DVD-R disk it cannot be modified. It can be read many times. Further data may be appended.
This Ecma Standard specifies:
The following file can be freely downloaded:


text:
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Marshall Brown
General Information
Marshall Brown is a career and executive coach with a passion for encouraging individuals and organizations to reach exceptional levels of performance. He is founder and CEO of Marshall Brown & Associates, an international coaching, training and leadership development company. His mantra is simple: Get clear, get focused, get ahead.
His brand attributes include risk taking, challenging, networking "guru" and a great sense of humor. Marshall makes the most out of every professional experience and draws out lessons that apply across many situations and challenges. Marshall has also been selected by his peers to serve as president of both the DC Metro Chapter of the International Coach Federation and the Association of Career Professionals International.
Coaching Approach
Marshall sets the bar high for himself and others, and acts as a catalyst for new and breakthrough thinking. Through the use of numerous 360 assessments he helps his clients create and implement individual leadership development plans. Over the years, he has developed a personalized, "no nonsense" approach to getting executives and entrepreneurs to focus on performance improvement, increasing communication and becoming more effective leaders. Additionally, his work focuses on developing successful teams/organizations, both nationally and internationally.
Education, Training & Certifications
Marshall holds a B.S. degree in Psychology from the University of Pittsburgh and has been certified as an executive and career coach through the International Coach Federation, Career Coaches Institute and The Coaches Training Institute. He holds certifications for the Meyers Briggs Type Indicator, as a Leadership Challenge facilitator and as a personal brand strategist.
Coaching Style
As one client said, "Marshall Brown was my coach, supporter and cheerleader through my recent search. He made me work. He made me examine what I truly wanted for the next success. He challenged the way I presented myself in cover letters and in interviews. Working with Marshall was absolutely the right move. If you want to be authentic, confident and a leading candidate in your next search, Marshall will get you there." Marshall is skilled at taking clients on journeys of discovery – helping them identify and use their true talents and passions in life. Many have praised him for personal transformations that advanced their professional lives and helped them lead more balanced personal lives. His mantra is simple: Get clear, get focused, get ahead.
Ready To Get Started With Marshall?
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text:
Austin Breastfeeding is a local lactation consultancy serving the Hudson Bend area. We're based in Lakeway, Texas (west of Austin), and provide home visits as far as Cedar Park to the north and Manchaca to the south. Give us a call today to schedule and appointment.
Breastfeeding can be a challenging yet rewarding experience. We help babies with feeding difficulties, including pre-term infants, infants with traumatic birth experience, and normal full-term babies up to one year of age.
Our mission is to improve comfort and enjoyability for moms with breast and nipple pain, trauma, or infections. In short, our goal is for Hudson Bend moms to have fun breastfeeding their babies to optimum health.
Lactation Consultations Include
- Up to 2 hours consulting with mom and baby
- Observation feeding behaviors
- Weighing of baby to determine milk transfer
- Evaluation of pumping effectiveness
- customized plan for successful breastfeeding
- Helpful recommendations and referrals
- Email and phone follow-up for 2 weeks following the visit
- Additional home visits as needed at a reduced rate
Rachel Deckler
Rachel is the mother of four wonderful children, and the primary lactation consultant and owner of Austin Breastfeeding. Rachel began her career 15 years ago apprenticing with Austin area midwives. Through that experience she fell in love with helping new mothers.
After receiving a Masters from the University of Texas in nursing Rachel forged her craft in various fields of women's care including Obstetrics, Fertility, and of course, Lactation! Rachel had the privilege of serving as a lactation consultant with the St. David's healthcare system for six years, most recently leading the lactation department of St. David's South Austin.
After giving birth to her fourth child Rachel decided to start Austin Breastfeeding. Both to have more time to devote to her children, and to offer much needed expertise and personalized follow-up care to new moms struggling with breastfeeding in their home setting.


text:
Residents go full steam ahead for Christmas
Christmas preparations are getting into full swing at Fernhill House, with a festive decoration making event among the activities on offer once December kicks in.
Tuesday December 5 sees residents playing with 'Jumping Clay' – an unusual air-drying modelling clay from which they will craft Christmas baubles to adorn one of the five Christmas trees to be found around the home.
The mess free, jasmine scented and bouncy material comes in a range of bright colours ideal for helping everyone get into the yuletide spirit. Friends and family are invited to enjoy mulled wine, mince pies and Christmas carols on Saturday December 9 at 2pm, with choral music on offer on Tuesday December 12 at 11am.
Other musical offerings for December include two visits from singer Phoebe Appleby - on Friday December 8 and 15 at 2pm - and a viola performance on Monday December 4 at 3pm.
And to start December with a burst of energy, anyone fancying strutting their stuff is invited to a Strictly Come Dancing workshop on Saturday December 2 at 1pm before the celebrities hit the TV screens.


text:
The Home of Fashion Film and Live Fashion Broadcasting
Report by Lou Stoppard on 24 June 2013.
Westwood is a very British designer, so naturally this was the archetypal British 'gap yah', with western boys 'doing' India in their harem pants, man jewellery, flip flops and denims.
If Vivienne Westwood had an army... #mfw @FollowWestwood http://t.co/x4oe0CUbJj
Thank you to all who helped put on a fantastic #SS14 show in #Milan! We couldn't have done it without you.
The amazing #VivienneWestwood after the incredible show! @FollowWestwood #obsessed http://t.co/RUswT2W1bE
Models in motifs that seem to have crept from India,Persia and Morocco #viviennewestwood#FollowTheBuyers #mfw#SS14 http://t.co/kmyHwQ548b


text:
OutlookParameterGUI is a simple, portable troubleshooting tool which makes it easy to launch Outlook 2007-2013 with one of the program's command-line switches.
If Outlook won't start, for instance, then your first step should be to try launching it without extensions, the reading pane or any toolbar customisations. And to do this you need to launch the program with the /safe command line switch. That's a little awkward, though - you'll have to manually browse to the executable, or perhaps create a custom shortcut - and so using OutlookParameterGUI could be a simpler option. Just choose the /safe parameter from its list, click Start and the program will automatically launch Outlook's "Safe Mode" for you.
You don't have to know what a particular command line switch does, either, as OutlookParameterGUI provides basic explanations for you. Choose the "/cleanprofile" parameter, say, and you'll read that this "removes invalid profile keys and recreates default Registry keys where applicable": again, that sounds like something which might be worth trying if your Outlook installation has been damaged for some reason.
And as a bonus, there's also a tab with useful details about your copy of Outlook: the product ID, version number, architecture (32 or 64-bit), even the serial number (check Options > Show Serial to reveal this).
You do need to be careful how you use OutlookParameterGUI, though, as some of its settings make changes which you can't reverse: for example, choosing /cleanrules will "delete client and server-based rules". Read the explanation of each setting, and don't use it unless you understand precisely what it'll do, and you're sure that's appropriate for your installation.
Version 1.0.5 brings:
Windows 8.1 compatibility
Improved Outlook 2013 support
Bug fixes
A handy portable Outlook troubleshooting assistant


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Apr 03, 2010
COOKEVILLE, Tenn. -- Light rain passing through the Upper
Cumberland region of Tennessee Saturday morning is causing the
tennis and softball teams to make slight changes in their home
contest starting times.
Weather permitting, the men's tennis match against Murray State has moved to 12:30 p.m., with the women's match still slated for a 2 p.m. start.
The softball series finale against Murray State has been moved back to a 2:30 p.m. starting time.
Watch TTUsports.com for further updates. All results will be posted on the website later this evening, along with results from the baseball game at Jacksonville State and the women's track & field results at the JSU Invitational.


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For the Surrealist digital artist Alex Andreyev, reality gives way to the nightmarish and imaginary; his grotesque urban landscapes are dominated by giant spiders, snakes, and eyeballs. Much like the world of The Wachowshi Brothers' 1999 film The Matrix, Andreyev's dreamscape is dystopian, seemingly operated by frightful machines that lurk in dark alleyways and within murky, polluted puddles. Like Neo before the rabbit hole, the artist sits at his computer, delving into his nightmares in search of psychological truths that transcend the laws of reality and escape the revelation of daylight.
By maintaining a graphic comic book aesthetic, Andreyev's images compose a suspenseful, quick-paced narrative; clearly rendered with computer technology, his subjects appear like online avatars, their experiences symbolic of the human condition without directly mirroring it. Like the Surrealists Odilon Redon and Rene Magritte, the digital artist uses the image of the eye to subvert reality; as eyes wearing grotesquely tall top hats chase a helpless man down a dark, dank underground, we viewers are made to perceive our own eyes as villainous, to assume that what they record might not accurately reflect the world around us. Another sketch presents a man slicing his eyes open with a razor, the implication being that to truly see and to understand, we must endure pain and strife.
In this realm where the inner eye takes precedence over superficial vision, a wondrously dark and lonesome creative space begins to emerge. The spider, a symbol which harkens back to the work of Redon in particular, is used here perhaps to represent the isolation of introspection and of the endlessly complex imagination; as a man retreats into his computer, an arachnid nests in the darkness next door. Similarly, man and beast walk alone in the rain. Take a look. (via TrendHunter)


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Over the course of three seasons, New Bern's six seniors have seven playoff victories. The Bears advanced to the state semifinals in 2011 and to the third round last year.
Over the course of three seasons, New Bern's six seniors have seven playoff victories. The Bears advanced to the state semifinals in 2011 and to the third round last year.
The Bears have a ton of playoff experience.
In their final journey, they hope to lead New Bern on another long postseason run.
The Bears open the 4-A state soccer playoffs at Knightdale High School at 6 p.m. on Wednesday.
�We have a bunch of players with playoff experience so we have to go in there and do the right thing,� said New Bern coach Tim Guter. �It's going to have to show when they take the field.
�We will have to see how they prepare over the next couple of days.�
New Bern (10-6-1) finished third in the Mideastern Conference. Knightdale (11-6-1) was second in the Greater Neuse Conference.
The Bears offense has been on fire of late, outscoring opponents 14-1 over the past three games. They've won six of their last eight games, and has 44 goals on the year.
Senior Brittany McLawhorn has a team-high 14 goals, while senior Sierra Bondurant has eight goals and 15 assists.
Senior Shannon Fagan and Ashley Osiecki, along with Mikayla Allen, Rachel Hobbs and Zoe Hearne have the potential to score.
�When they want to score goals, they can score goals,� Guter said. �They have to have that killer instinct. They can't just score one goal and be happy with it.�
The defense has given up just 14 goals with eight shutouts.
Senior goalkeeper Morgan Young has had a solid final season. Senior Shelby Osiecki, as well as underclassmen Keely Klicker, Karlie Swindell, Jessica Hand and Lindsay Johnson are key members in the back.
�The defense has been strong all year long,� said Guter. �We have to score goals to take pressure off the backs. Our backs are going to have to play well throughout the game.�
Knightdale's won eight of its last 10 matches. The Knights have outscored opponents 46-24.
The winner of Wednesday's soccer match plays either Wilmington Hoggard (16-5) or Cape Fear (9-12-1)
Havelock sizes up playoff competition
HAVELOCK � With junior Natalie Johnson and freshman Dominique Martinez up top, and five reliable defenders, Havelock soccer coach Jeffrey Harris feels his team can match up with anyone.
Johnson and Martinez have 35 combined goals, while the defense has eight shutouts.
The Rams (14-7), the No. 4 seed from the Coastal Conference, plays at Cleveland (18-1) at 6 p.m. on Tuesday in the first round of the 3-A soccer playoffs.
�We feel pretty confident,� Harris said. �I've been looking through stuff and I think we compare with anybody.�
Johnson and Martinez have stepped up their play following a mid-season injury loss to last year's Sun Journal Player of the Year Ali Wickman.
The Rams have 70 goals on the season. Johnson leads the Rams with 18 goals and eight assists, while Martinez has 16 goals and 10 assists, and Ashley Bickel has contributed seven goals and seven assists.
�It's been a journey to see who we were going to put up front,� Harris said. �Together, they are a pretty good combination.�
Havelock enters the contest having won its last two games, outscoring West Carteret and West Craven by a combined 12-2.
Cleveland won the Eastern Carolina Conference championship and finished the regular season with an 18-1 record. During its 16-game win steak it has 102 goals.
Emily Truelove leads Cleveland with 55 goals and 21 assists. She has accounted for more than half of the team's goals on the season. Twice this year she has scored six goals in a game, and she has scored five goals in a game two other times. Courtney Morris is second on the team with 18 goals.
�I was talking to (Jacksonville) coach Miller and he said, 'don't let that fool you because that's a weak conference,� Harris said.
Goalkeepers Amanda Alexander and Caitlin Annunziata have eight shutouts. The defense of Emily Spink, Kaitlyn Tripp, Aliyah Cruz, Janae Mays have limited opponents to 33 goals.
The Rams have a strong midfield core that includes Lauren Seegel, Alexis Delacruz, Erica Quinn and Taylor Self.
The winner of Tuesday's match plays either White Oak (16-4) or Triton (9-10).
�I like the seeding that we have because if we get by Cleveland, we would probably play White Oak again,� Harris said. �We've played White Oak solid twice and I think we can give them another good game now that we have all the combinations in the right place.�
Havelock News Ken Buday contributed to the story.


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It's a comic! Um, sans text.
...no guarantees this will be done for APE. It theoretically takes place in Laos and has a little girl and a tiger in it. It'll be printed in 8.5 x 11 format and will have about 25 - 30 pages, I think.
The tiger prints below are about 30" x 20". They will look super in your living/bed room. I have about 40 of them and will be selling them at APE in October. Any leftovers will be sold on this blog for $25.
Monday, August 17, 2009
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text: Hey, I had installed ISPConfig 3 in a server without jailkit. Then the need came that i needed jailkit but already had few clients. So I install ISPConfig again in a different machine with jailkit preinstalled (as doc says I cant install Jailkit after I configured ISPConfig without it) and migrated DB and rest of the things (including users, copied entries from passwd, shadow,group and gshadow) into the new server. Everything is working fine but for When I create Shell user either it is taking too long to get reflected in the /etc/passwd file or it doesnt show up at all.. SOS.


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Express. Home of the Daily and Sunday Express.
Lampard double helps England to victory
England launched their World Cup qualifying campaign with a 5-0 victory in Moldova to record their biggest away win since 1993.
Frank Lampard scored twice to provide the perfect answer to questions about his age, with Jermain Defoe, James Milner and a deflected Leighton Baines free-kick underlining England's overwhelming superiority.
It has to be pointed out England will face much stiffer tests than this, while the exits of John Terry and Steven Gerrard proved they did not escape unscathed.
There were only six survivors in Roy Hodgson's starting line-up from the team that lost their Euro 2012 quarter-final to Italy on penalties in Kiev.
Lampard might have come in quite handy on that night. After all, when he drilled home from the spot after only four minutes, the Chelsea man was converting his eighth penalty for England, a record.
Hodgson could take some satisfaction from the knowledge one of his surprise selections created the opener. Preferred to Manchester United team-mate Michael Carrick, Tom Cleverley was eager to make a positive impression on his first competitive start.
He did exactly that by meeting James Milner's far post cross perfectly, only for Semion Bulgaru to block it with his hand. Referee Paul van Boekel gave England the benefit of the doubt and Lampard gave them the early advantage they craved.
Moldova keeper Stanislav Namasco was unconvincing as he dealt with efforts from Defoe, Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain and Glen Johnson before he was beaten once more by Lampard midway through the half. Again the delivery came from the right - this time from Johnson - and Lampard was perfectly placed to convert.
Within three minutes, England had another. When Oxlade-Chamberlain rolled a pass through a static defence, Defoe found the net with a first-time shot.
A fourth goal eventually arrived courtesy of Milner after both Cleverley and substitute Danny Welbeck had declined opportunities to shoot themselves. And 10 minutes from time, Baines completed the victory, with, remarkably, England's first goal direct from a free-kick since David Beckham scored against Ecuador in 2006.


text: If you're going to be at the Club Industry 2010 conference this month, boy, do we have a site for you. And if you're not going to be there, boy, do we still have a site for you. Get updates about the show by visiting www.clubindustry.com/ci2010. We'll be blogging, posting videos and photos, writing summaries of sessions and more while in Chicago. The site will be accessible for a full year after the show, so you have plenty of time to catch all the highlights.


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Our custom designed, quilted cases are designed to safely store your fine or bone china dinner set. This case measures 5 3/4 inch in diameter and holds 12 fruit nappies.
No feedback yet. Be the first one to leave a note.
We guarantee our packing as well as the quality of our pieces.
In case of breakage within a shipment, please call us immediately at toll free 1-888-449-4459 or email us at email@example.com to report any details. All orders MUST be opened and inspected within 48 hours of delivery.
Take photos of the box and breakage. If possible, we will replace the broken pieces or offer a refund.Your satisfaction is important to us
|We guarantee our pieces will arrive safely with our proven packing skills.
|All shipments are insured for loss, if insurance is offered by the carrier.
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Is the Economy Getting Better? – Survey of the Day
Over the last few months, there has been some data that suggests the sluggish economy could be improving. Mainly, the unemployment rate, which has dropped to 8.3 percent after reaching a 26-year high of 10 percent in late 2009. However, according to a new survey from Poll Postion, the public is split on whether America is entering into a period of economic recovery.
Thirty-eight percent of the 1,242 registered voters polled said the economy is improving while another 38 percent said it was still deteriorating. Twenty-two percent believe the economy is staying the same.
What political party the respondent belongs to seemed to have a big influence on their economic views. Sixty-eight percent of democrats believe the economy is getting better, whereas 53 percent of republicans think it continues to get worse. Political independents surveyed tended to agree with the republicans.


text:
FloraNova Grow 7-4-10 represents a breakthrough in fertilizer technology, as it gives users both the strength of a dry concentrate and the ease of a liquid. This unique formulation of highly purified minerals and natural additives combines the benefits of hydroponic as well as organic gardening methods. FloraNova works superbly in hydroponic environments, as well as with both soil-less mixtures and soil grown plants.
FLORANOVA GROW 7 - 4 - 10 works as a specialized nutrient for rapidly growing plants during the structural and foliar growth phase.
This item is sold individually. The case size is listed for your convenience for instances where you wish to order in case quantities.
— Ships from H: WA, CA, CO, MI, TN, PA, FL USA.


text:
http://www.truthaboutpetfood.com/articl ... ducts.html
Breaking News: Proctor & Gamble Purchases Natura Pet Products
Written By: Susan Thixton5-5-2010Categorized in: Pet Food NewsBreaking and heart breaking news…Proctor & Gamble purchases Natura Pet Products. All the products, Innova, Evo, California Naturals, Healthwise and Karma – gobbled up by one of the Big Dogs of pet food. Now a partner food to Iams/Eukanuba.
The following is a press release issued by Proctor & Gamble
P&G Acquires Natura Pet Products
P&G Expands Further in 'Super Premium' Pet Food Segment
CINCINNATI, May 5, 2010 /PRNewswire via COMTEX/ --The Procter & Gamble Company (NYSE: PG) has signed an agreement to acquire Natura Pet Products, Inc., a privately-held pet food business based in Davis, California.
This move enables P&G to expand into the attractive "holistic and naturals" segment of the pet food category, complementing P&G's current Iams and Eukanuba brands and helping the Company advance its overall growth strategy of "reaching more consumers in more parts of the world more completely."
Natura's brands include Innova, Evo, California Natural, Healthwise, Mother Nature and Karma. These brands are sold in a limited number of pet specialty stores and through veterinarians, mainly in the United States and Canada.
"These outstanding brands and the great employees of Natura Pet Products will complement our Eukanuba and Iams brands very well," said Dan Rajczak, senior vice president of P&G's global pet care and snacks businesses. "This acquisition gives us a strong position in the holistic and natural pet food segment. It will enable us to enhance the health and well-being of even more dogs and cats and represents an exciting new source of growth for our business."
"It's time for the right company to take our brands to the next level of growth. P&G is that company," said John Rademakers, founder and owner of Natura Pet Products. "We know that P&G will honor our history as they capitalize on their strengths to build these brands."
Natura Pet Products employs about 140 people, mainly at its production sites in San Leandro, California and Fremont, Nebraska. P&G is targeting to close this deal in about a month, subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory clearances. Specific terms of the deal are not being disclosed.
About Procter & Gamble
Four billion times a day, P&G brands touch the lives of people around the world. The company has one of the strongest portfolios of trusted, quality, leadership brands, including Pampers(R), Tide(R), Ariel(R), Always(R), Whisper(R), Pantene(R), Mach3(R), Bounty(R), Dawn(R), Gain(R), Pringles(R), Charmin(R), Downy(R), Lenor(R), Iams(R), Crest(R), Oral-B(R), Duracell(R), Olay(R), Head & Shoulders(R), Wella(R), Gillette(R), Braun(R) and Fusion(R). The P&G community includes about 135,000 employees working in about 80 countries worldwide. Please visit http://www.pg.com for the latest news and in-depth information about P&G and its brands.
SOURCE Procter & Gamble
http://www.pginvestor.com/phoenix.zhtml ... ID=1422726
I am beyond comment at this point.
Wishing you and your pet(s) the best,
Susan Thixton
Truth about Pet Food
Petsumer Report


text:
Search Bank branch, Bank ATM, IFSC code, MICR code, Swift code
Bank type: Public Sector - SBI and associate banks
Also Known as: Not Specified
Founded: Not Specified
Contact: Not Specified
Fax: Not Specified
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com
Working hours: Not Specified
Official Website: http://www.statebankofindia.com
Net Banking:
State Bank of India in Karnataka has ATMs in following 29 district(s). You can click on below districts to find out list of State Bank of India ATMs in Karnataka. You can also find ATMs addresses, locations and maps of State Bank of India in Karnataka state
State Bank of India has ATMs in following 29 district(s) of Karnataka
State Bank of India provides banking products and services as follows
Not Specified
You can watch State Bank of India videos below
Key People: Not Specified
Head Office:
Mumbai, Maharashtra
Number of Employees: Not Specified
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text:
In his Perspectives column in the next issue of Government Executive, Editor at Large Tim Clark writes about a dialogue with former Defense Secretary Robert Gates conducted in connection with his acceptance of the Elliot L. Richardson Prize for Excellence in Public Administration from the National Academy of Public Administration in March. The piece includes this terrific quote:
"The Pentagon is an organization structured to plan for war, not to wage war. Most programs are years in preparation, years in execution. So where do you go to find the kind of rapid response that gets things in the field quickly? I found that in every instance I had to go outside the bureaucracy and create something new -- create a task force that would report directly to me. Partly it's structural. Because so many organizations in the Pentagon have a say on any single program or issue, getting something through the bureaucracy is a huge challenge. So the words 'Pentagon' and 'agility' have never appeared in the same sentence, so far as I know, without a negative involved."
The issue will go out to subscribers and be posted on GovExec.com on May 1.


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I was happy to find this letter at an antique shop in Alberta over a decade ago. Because I learned a wee bit of Norwegian back in my university days, I could read its contents and recognize that it contained some useful genealogical information. It was written by Anna Ydse,and mailed from Wærdalen (Verdal), Nord Trøndelag, Norway in 1913, and addressed to Mrs. Mary Ellingan (Ellingsen?) in Webster, Saskatchewan, Canada. I have attempted to translate portions of the letter for you.
The letter begins, "[Dear] Unknown Cousin! With that, I send you a few words even though I've never seen you. You probably wonder who on earth I am! I am the daughter of your uncle Oluf, but you know don't know him either. We were in Sweden when you were at home. It is now 7 years since we came here to Vardalen and we have purchased Lillesan, if you know where it is, it isn't far from Rinbret." Anna goes on to talk about her sister Martine, and brother Johan, and her own future plans.
"I've heard that you have your home in Canada and there you have done very well, that you have a kind man and small children and everyone is thriving. I have also have a little boy of three years who makes me very happy. His father is also in Canada, so perhaps I will also have a home there!" She concludes her letter with good wishes from various family members, and adds a postscript, "I hope you will answer my letter."
We know that Anna Ydse's letter was answered, because Mary wrote on the back of the envelope in Norwegian, "replied april 1 1913."
I found Anna Oline Ydse, born December 23, 1883 in the 1910 Norwegian Census, living at the farm, Lillesand in Verdal, with her parents Oluf and Mali Ydse. The three year old son Anna mentions in her letter is Henrik Oscar Henriksen, born February 5, 1910 in Verdal, so he is just a few months old when the 1910 census was taken.
I wonder if Anna Ydse and her husband Mr. Henriksen ever settled in Canada? A little more digging could probably answer that.
UPDATE! January 30, 2012: I just mailed off Anna Ydse's letter to a family member in Norway. How fitting that it's heading back to Verdal.