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Recreation Courses
All persons who participate in any activity course must have a health clearance on file in the Ithaca College health center.
661-10100 Leisure and Society SS LA 1
Introduction to the dimensions of leisure and recreation services in modern society. Potential of recreation as related to human needs and development. For freshman/sophomore non-recreation majors only. Students may not receive credit for both this course and 661-10300. 3 credits. (F-S,Y)
661-10300 History and Philosophy of Leisure LA 1
Historical and theoretical foundations, nature, and significance of recreation and leisure in contemporary society; current trends and prospects for the future. Survey of agencies, organizations, and programs in the leisure service field and the recreation profession. 3 credits. (F-S,Y)
661-10400 Cooperative Games Facilitation NLA
Basic concepts of cooperative games -- philosophy, leadership, curriculum development, and evaluation. The course includes leadership and referee techniques, safety considerations, group dynamics, and game philosophies. A variety of game strategies are presented. Other new and innovative approaches to games are also presented. 1 credit. (F-S,Y)
661-10500 Leadership NLA
Basic concepts in leadership. Common roles of leaders in recreation settings. Analysis of effective leadership practices and their application to organized group activities. Preference is given to freshmen and sophomores. 3 credits. (F-S,Y)
661-12500 Understanding Disability: Characteristics, Causes, Services LA 1
Introduction to the wide spectrum of disabilities -- including cognitive disability, mental illness, physical disability, and sensory impairment -- within home, school, community, and therapeutic settings. Course focuses on abilities, rights, characteristics, and needs of people with diverse abilities. Issues are discussed in light of societal, cultural, and historical barriers. Self-advocacy, family perspectives, technological developments, and current trends in educational and rehabilitative services are also considered. Includes an experiential swim program with children of varying abilities during class time. Preference is given to freshmen and sophomores. 3 credits. (F-S,Y)
661-13700 Leisure Travel NLA
Develops an understanding of tourism and its social, economic, and environmental impact as one of the world's largest and fastest growing industries. Examines travel motivation, travel trends including ecotourism, and the distinctive conditions that attract visitors to different regions of the world. Enables students to discover interesting places to visit and prepares them to deal with logistical concerns related to climate, monetary exchanges, customs, time changes, health, and safety. The role of intermediaries to facilitate travel arrangements and provide information is also examined. 3 credits. (F,Y)
661-13900 Computer Applications in Recreation NLA
Introduction to microcomputers and their applications to therapeutic recreation and leisure services. Provides a brief survey of hardware and a more detailed examination of contemporary applications such as word processing, spreadsheets, and database management, as well as recreation-specific programs. Students get hands-on experience practicing with various applications and software packages. A student may receive credit for only one of the following: 312-11000, 660-13900, 661-13900, 662-13900, 663-13900. Recreation majors/minors only. 3 credits. (F-S,Y)
661-15100 Foundations of Outdoor Adventure Pursuits LA 1
An overview of the phenomenon of outdoor adventure pursuits. Topics include risk taking, motivations, resource areas, policies, and environmental impacts. 3 credits. (F-S,Y)
661-21500 Youth at Risk LA 1
Students explore, through theoretical and experiential learning, the factors that contribute to or influence the leisure, educational, and social problems of youth at risk. Included among these factors are abuse, neglect, homelessness, recent immigration, minority group membership, having single and/or addicted parents, and various kinds of family dysfunctions. An overview of developmental, social, and psychological perspectives is presented along with innovative programs for youth at risk. Includes weekend workshop (minimal fee). Prerequisites: Sophomore standing or above. 3 credits. (F,Y)
661-21600 Outdoor Adventure Skills NLA
Introduction to basic skills and concepts in a variety of outdoor adventure pursuits taught in the context of the Wilderness Education Association (WEA) 18-point curriculum. Skills include trip preparation, menu planning, cooking techniques, and safety considerations in both moderate- and cold-weather camping. Fundamentals in backcountry travel include day hiking, backpacking, flat-water canoeing, cross-country skiing, and snowshoeing. Stress is placed on environmental concerns and minimizing human impact. Includes several mandatory field experiences, with fees for food. Students who take 661-21600, 661-35400, and 661-42100 in sequence will be eligible to apply for WEA certification. Prerequisites: Sophomore standing or above; 661-15100 required for TRLS majors and minors. 3 credits. (F-S,Y)
661-23200 Program Planning NLA
Takes students through the process of programming, including the setting and evaluation of goals and objectives. Provides opportunities to experience the implementation of ideas in the community. This course also incorporates activity analysis, leisure education, program safety and risk management, and public relations. Prerequisites: 661-10100 or 661-10300; 661-10500. Corequisites: 661-24800. 3 credits. (F-S,Y)
661-23300 Introduction to Therapeutic Recreation NLA
An in-depth study of the scope of therapeutic recreation. Students study the historical and philosophical foundations of the profession. The role of therapeutic recreation professionals in the spectrum of health care settings serving clients with a variety of disabilities is explored. Students participate in field visits and interact with professionals in the field throughout the course. Prerequisites: 661-12500. 3 credits. (S,Y)
661-23500 Design and Operation of Areas and Facilities NLA
Elements and principles of the design of outdoor recreation areas, with emphasis on playground, neighborhood, community, and large urban parks. Design features and operational practices of selected special facilities are also examined. Prerequisites: 661-10100 or 661-10300. 3 credits. (F,Y)
661-23800 Leisure and Aging LA
Explores the role of leisure in the aging process. Students analyze the effects of incorporating meaningful leisure activities into the lifestyles of older individuals, based on their needs and interests. Visits to facilities and interaction with older individuals in leisure settings demonstrate the importance of leisure to a healthy lifestyle for older individuals. Prerequisites: 661-10100, 661-10300, or 780-10100. 3 credits. (IRR)
661-24300 Interventions and Protocols in Therapeutic Recreation NLA
Explores ways in which arts and related recreation activities can aid in the rehabilitation process of individuals with disabling conditions, develop individual creativity, and enhance the quality of life. Programming areas include art, music, dance, drama, writing, literary readings, movement, reminiscence, horticulture, pet therapy, and biofeedback. Prerequisites: 661-12500. 3 credits. (S,Y)
661-24800 Fieldwork I NLA
An experiential education opportunity that applies program planning theories and skills to real-life situations. The student works in a leisure service agency and is actively involved in some aspect of program planning and direct leadership. This course combines classroom and agency experience. Prerequisites: 661-10100 or 661-10300; 661-10500; major or minor status in department. Corequisites: 661-23200. 3 credits. (F-S,Y)
661-25000 Rock Climbing NLA
An introduction to the fundamentals of rock climbing, including safety considerations. Skills taught include the care and use of equipment, knot-tying, belaying, rappelling, and a variety of movements on rock. Conducted on the artificial wall at Cornell University. Arrangements must be made at the department office in Hill Center prior to registration. Open to recreation majors and minors only. Prerequisites: 661-21600; sophomore standing. Pass/fail only. 1 credit. (IRR)
661-25500 Outdoor Adventures for People with Differing Abilities NLA
Principles and practices of planning, leading, implementing, supervising, and evaluating outdoor adventure programs for people with disabilities. The focus is on the abilities, rights, characteristics, and needs of people with varying abilities -- including cognitive disabilities, mental illness, learning disabilities, physical disabilities, and sensory impairments -- that impact participation in outdoor adventure. Use of outdoor adventure as therapeutic intervention is also examined. Prerequisites: 661-12500. 3 credits. (F,IRR)
661-27700 Ecotourism and Natural Resource Management LA g
Examines ecotourism from an international perspective. Emphasis is placed on management of the natural resources necessary in delivering a variety of ecotourist attractions (wildlife, plant life, scenery). Additionally, cultural resources associated with aboriginal cultures are explored. A majority of the course is spent traveling to various private and public ecotourism ventures (e.g., whale watching, hiking, sea kayaking). Students engage in the ecotourism ventures, as well as meet leisure service personnel who own, operate, and direct these ventures. Includes fee for travel, food, and gear rental. Prerequisites: Sophomore standing. 1-3 credits. (Y)
661-33000 Administration and Supervision NLA
Introduction to basic concepts of organization, administration, and supervision of leisure service agencies. The administrative functions covered include personnel management, budgets, finance, resource planning, public relations, evaluation, legal issues, policy development, and problem-solving techniques. Prerequisites: 661-23200; 661-24800. 3 credits. (F-S,Y)
661-33200 Research Methods LA
Procedures and applications of social science research methods to recreational settings. Topics include research design, methods of data collection, and the presentation and interpretation of data. Prerequisites: 661-10500; 661-23200; junior standing. 3 credits. (S,Y)
661-33400 Leisure Education LA 1
The recreation professional is considered a facilitator of his or her clients' expanded leisure awareness. Focus is on enabling clients to evaluate the individual and social dynamics of leisure and to assess their leisure attitudes, skills, and options. Prerequisites: 661-10100 or 661-10300. 3 credits. (F,Y)
661-33600 Entrepreneurial Recreation NLA
Study of commercial and entrepreneurial recreation as a major component of the leisure service delivery system. Analysis of the development potential of different types of recreation enterprises, including resources, location, risks, sources of financing, pricing, managerial requirements, marketing, and sources of technical assistance. Prerequisites: 661-33000 or a level-2 business or economics course. 3 credits. (S,E)
661-33700 Tourism Systems and Policies NLA
Study of the tourism industry, including its present characteristics, policies, organizations, impact, and site development. The components of tourism, including transportation modes, accommodations, primary attractions, and information and sales distribution systems, are examined. Prerequisites: 661-10100 or 661-10300; three courses in business and/or the social sciences; junior standing. 3 credits. (IRR)
661-34000 Inclusive Community Leisure Services NLA
Principles and techniques to include people with disabilities in regular, community leisure services. Rationale for inclusion, historical context, and legislative initiatives are addressed. Strategies highlighted include needs assessment, staff training, environmental analysis, sensitization training for peers without disabilities, trainer advocacy, behavioral teaching techniques, cooperative learning, friendship development, and evaluation techniques. A 20-hour volunteer experience is required. Prerequisites: 661-12500; junior standing. 3 credits. (F,Y)
661-34800 Fieldwork II NLA
Fieldwork in a leisure service agency compatible with the student's career interests and talents. The experience focuses on learning the responsibilities of a recreation administrator and/or supervisor. This course encourages practical application of concepts discussed in 661-33000 Administration and Supervision. Prerequisites: 661-24800. Corequisites: 661-33000. 3 credits. (F-S,Y)
661-34900 Advanced Fieldwork NLA
Practical in-depth work experience in a leisure service agency. Prerequisites: 661-34800; permission of department chair. 2-6 credits. (F-S,Y)
661-35000 Therapeutic Recreation Process I NLA
Introduction to the therapeutic recreation process, including the application of theory, client assessment, individualized treatment plan development, intervention planning, and documentation procedures. Focuses on the development and application of knowledge and skills necessary for meeting professional standards of practice, accreditation requirements, and third party payment criteria. Prerequisites: 661-12500; 661-23300. 3 credits. (F,Y)
661-35200 Outdoor Education NLA
Basic concepts in environmental interpretation and ecology, development of outdoor education programs, and laboratory experience in the outdoors. Three-day field trip is required; additional fee is charged. Prerequisites: 661-10500; sophomore standing. 3 credits. (F,Y)
661-35400 Leadership and Administration of Outdoor Pursuits NLA
Principles and practices in planning, implementing, leading, supervising, and evaluating outdoor trips and programs. Emphasis is given to wilderness leadership techniques and programming. Students study leadership theory and administration of outdoor programs while planning an expedition-style backcountry trip to be carried out in 661-42100 Wilderness Expedition Leadership. This course is the second of three courses in the outdoor adventure leadership major using the Wilderness Education Association (WEA) curriculum, satisfying the in-class portions of the WEA National Standards Program for outdoor leadership certification. Prerequisites: 661-21600 or 661-22100; sophomore standing. 3 credits. (F,E)
661-36000 Therapeutic Recreation Process II NLA
Advanced study of the therapeutic recreation process, including the design and implementation of agency-specific assessments, standardized interdisciplinary assessment instruments, and systems design program planning and evaluation. Focuses on interdisciplinary treatment plan development and intervention planning. Prerequisites: 661-35000. 3 credits. (S,Y)
661-36600 Social and Cultural Aspects of Play LA 1
Explores qualities of play through interdisciplinary reading, experiential learning, and in-depth classroom discussion. Students learn about social and cultural aspects of play and rekindle their personal sense of playfulness. Prerequisites: Three courses from recreation 661-xxxxx, psychology 330-xxxxx, anthropology 339-xxxxx, history 311-xxxxx, music 551-xxxxx, philosophy 314-xxxxx, or sociology 331-xxxxx; junior standing. 3 credits. (IRR)
661-39900-661-39999 Selected Topics in Recreation LA/NLA
Topics of current interest to faculty and students. Experimental courses are offered under this course number and title. This course may be repeated for credit for different selected topics. Prerequisites: As appropriate to topics. 1-3 credits. (IRR)
661-42100 Wilderness Expedition Leadership NLA
Capstone course of the outdoor adventure leadership major. Entails up to 30 days of living, traveling, and developing skills outdoors in a wilderness setting. Emphasis is on the development of sound judgment, decision making, and teaching skills with groups in adventurous wilderness activities. This course is structured around personal ability and knowledge improvement to create a fair assessment of students coming into the course with varying leadership and skills ability. Fee charged to cover expedition expenses. When taken in sequence with 661-21600 and 661-35400, this course may lead to National Standards Program for Outdoor Leadership (NSP) certification through the Wilderness Education Association (WEA). Attempting to receive WEA NSP certification is optional and subject to an additional fee. Prerequisites: 661-35400; 600 hours of logged field experience; TRLS major or minor. 3 credits. (S,)
661-43100 Feasibility Studies in Commercial Recreation NLA
An analysis of commercial recreation potential resources, potential market, feasible market, cost, demand, cost justified by demand, community services, land, mobility, and facilities. Prerequisites: 661-33600 or permission of instructor. 3 credits. (IRR)
661-43300 Administration of Therapeutic Recreation NLA
Provides an awareness and working knowledge of the skills needed to administer a therapeutic recreation department. Topics to be discussed include standards of practice, accreditation standards, third-party reimbursements, alternate funding sources, team involvement and intervention, marketing, clinical supervision, and continuous quality management as it relates to the therapeutic recreation process. Prerequisites: 661-33000. 3 credits. (F,Y)
661-44100 Internship in Recreation and Leisure Studies NLA
Supervised, full-time work experience during the summer or regular academic school year in a leisure service agency. Prerequisites: Minimum cumulative GPA of 2.00; minimum GPA in 661-xxxxx courses of 2.50; minimum average of 3.00 in 661-24800 and 661-34800; completion of at least 24 credits of required recreation courses (661-xxxxx) and 6 credits of recreation electives; approval of department chair. 6-9 credits. (F-S-Sum,Y)
661-45000-661-45099 Independent Study LA
Individual pursuit of the solution to a problem of interest to the student and consultant faculty member. Prerequisites: 661-33200; permission of department chair. 1-3 credits. (F-S-Sum,Y)
661-45300 Seminar: Professional Development NLA
Capstone course to develop skills necessary for professional involvement after graduation. Topics include an in-depth study of the national certification processes, professional organizations and committee involvement, and legislative and consumer advocacy skills. Students also learn to develop proposals for presentations at professional conferences and develop presentation skills, including the use of handouts, overheads, and multimedia presentations. Professional publications and publication requirements are discussed. Prerequisites: 661-33000. 3 credits. (F-S,Y)
661-46000 Seminar: Health Care Teams NLA
The theory and practice of other health care professions. Introduction to the essential knowledge that can facilitate interaction among health science professionals and enable them to become more effective members of interdisciplinary teams. Cross-listed with 620-46000. Students may not receive credit for both 661-46000 and 620-46000. Prerequisites: Senior standing in a health sciences and human performance major. 3 credits. (F,Y)
A. Ozolins, Office of Creative Services, 15. July, 2005


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Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, (born Sept. 14, 1547, Amersfoort, Spanish Netherlands [now in the Netherlands]—died May 13, 1619, The Hague, Neth.), lawyer, statesman, and, after William I the Silent, the second founding father of an independent Netherlands. He mobilized Dutch forces under William's son Maurice and devised the anti-Spanish triple alliance with France and England (1596). In the Twelve Years' Truce (1609) he reaffirmed Holland's dominant role in the Dutch republic.
Early career
Oldenbarnevelt studied law at Leuven (Louvain), Bourges, and Heidelberg (where his ultimate conversion to Protestantism first germinated) and, probably, Padua. After his return to the Netherlands he settled down as an advocaat ("counsel") at the Hof van Holland, which was effectively the court of appeal for the province of that name, established at The Hague.
When, in 1572, two of the Netherlands provinces, Holland and Zeeland, succeeded in shaking off the Spanish rule from Brussels, Oldenbarnevelt did not follow the Court of Appeal, which fled to Utrecht, but decided to throw in his lot with the movement of national liberation. He even took part in an attempt to relieve the besieged towns of Haarlem and Leiden. In 1576 he was appointed pensionary (chief executive) of Rotterdam, an office that automatically implied membership of the provincial states (assembly), and, when the national revolt had spread to the other provinces, frequent attendance at the States-General in Brussels or Antwerp. In 1578, when a total reconquest by the Spanish armies under the leadership of Alessandro Farnese, duke of Parma, threatened, Oldenbarnevelt was one of the negotiators of the Union of Utrecht (concluded January 1579), which was to serve as a kind of makeshift constitution for the United Provinces until 1795. During the negotiations, it became apparent that Oldenbarnevelt was aiming at securing for Holland the politically unassailable position to which the strategically all-but-unassailable province considered itself entitled after having borne the brunt of the revolt alone with Zeeland for nearly seven years. These activities also brought him into fairly close contact with William the Silent.
Political leadership
In 1586, two years after William's assassination, Oldenbarnevelt accepted the appointment by the States of Holland as the province's landsadvocaat (chief minister); in this office he became the real trustee of William the Silent's political inheritance. While the latter's son, Maurice of Nassau, a brilliant military commander, was in charge of the actual warfare in the field, it was Oldenbarnevelt who, at first in close collaboration with him, mobilized and coordinated the country's available energy and resources, thus making warfare possible. As one of these activities, he took an active part in the founding of the Dutch East India Company.
Although theoretically a servant of only one out of seven sovereign provinces, Oldenbarnevelt, who himself undertook several diplomatic missions to France and England, was virtually the union's foreign secretary. In this capacity, too, it was he who continued the work of William the Silent and succeeded in integrating the somewhat suspicious, politically unorthodox new commonwealth of rebels. In this respect, his greatest triumph was the conclusion of a full-fledged triple alliance with France and England in 1596.
Oldenbarnevelt's main achievement in the field of foreign policy was, however, the so-called Twelve Years' Truce, concluded in 1609 after long-protracted negotiations, by which the original national program of ousting the Spaniards from the whole of the Netherlands was virtually abandoned and the northern commonwealth of the seven provinces established as such.
On the other hand, it was also in this achievement that the all-pervading flaw in Oldenbarnevelt's position as the union's leading statesman became apparent—namely, the very circumstance that he was pledged by oath to only one out of those seven provinces, the province of Holland. Filling a vacuum created by the fact that the formerly predominant provinces, Brabant and Flanders, had been reconquered by Spanish arms, Holland, a hitherto peripheral county, had become preeminent; it contributed close to 59 percent of the federal budget. Oldenbarnevelt was Holland's chief exponent and advocate within the union setup.
In the same way, the princes of Orange found themselves almost automatically cast in the role of prime exponents of the union conception, and it is in the light of this that the ensuing conflict between Oldenbarnevelt and Maurice becomes fundamentally understandable, even without a detailed examination of its multiple origins. According to the same logic, Maurice had been made stadtholder of Holland by Oldenbarnevelt and his political friends, with the express purpose of safeguarding the province's individuality and special position in the days (1586) when Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester, as governor-general, was trying to impose his conception of centralized government on the various provinces.
Religious conflicts
During the Twelve Years' Truce, the latent conflict crystallized around its religious facets. The astonishing success of the Netherlands' independence movement was indissolubly connected with the fact that, sooner or later, all the provinces "remaining with the union" came to be ruled by Calvinist minorities for whom, short of renouncing their faith, there existed no possibility of reconciliation with the abjured ruler, Philip II of Spain. As for Oldenbarnevelt, like William the Silent, he too had accepted membership of the Reformed Church, but he and his fellow "regents" in Holland cherished the ideal of a church that was, though based on the Reformation in its Calvinist shape, sufficiently latitudinarian in its dogma to attract and satisfy all those who were willing to relinquish the Roman obedience. According to these rulers of Holland, the nation had rebelled against the centralizing and tyrannical tendencies of its Hispanicized overlord for the sake of freedom, including freedom from religious inquisition, whether Roman Catholic, Spanish, or Calvinist. As seen by many theologians and preachers, on the other hand, the revolt had taken place for the sake of the Reformed religion in its most uncompromisingly strict dogmatic variety. When, on the perilous issue of predestination, the antithesis became polarized in a conflict between two professors of theology at Leiden—the strict Gomarus and the more moderate Arminius—Oldenbarnevelt and the majority of the voting towns in Holland, though not Amsterdam, favoured the Arminians against the bulk of the Calvinized masses, who were staunchly Gomarist or, as they were commonly called, Counter-Remonstrant. Paradoxically, Oldenbarnevelt and his adherents even had to safeguard the principle of tolerance by somewhat intolerant measures; those preachers who, in spite of various decrees to the purpose, remained stubbornly unwilling to refrain from preaching controversial sermons were dismissed and sometimes exiled.
The religious controversy was, moreover, inextricably interwoven with the antithesis of province versus union, the Counter-Remonstrant preachers consistently referring to their religion as the God-given "cement" that kept the union together. Translated into terms of actual politics, this meant that they wanted to convoke a "national"—i.e., an interprovincial—synod, trusting (as it turned out, wrongly) that it would establish a church triumphant on the Genevan model, completely independent from all civil authorities whose worthiness and consequently whose right to govern would be judged by the churchmen. For obvious reasons, the States of Holland, led by Oldenbarnevelt, considered a synod of this kind far too risky and withheld their consent to its meeting.
Disputes with Prince Maurice
Seen in retrospect, the climax announced itself when in July 1617 Prince Maurice sided openly and defiantly with the Counter-Remonstrants. This veiled declaration of war on Oldenbarnevelt and the Holland regents' party was answered by the so-called Sharp Resolution voted by the States of Holland on Aug. 4, 1617, which, among other things, encouraged the various towns in the province to recruit armed units of their own, not integrated in the federal army and not even subject to Maurice's command as the province's captain general. The states remained within their rights in taking such measures. It is understandable that a man like Maurice considered such actions an intolerable violation of the union statute. Slow-moving tactician that he was, the prince spent no less than a whole year in reinforcing his position throughout the union, until suddenly, on Aug. 29, 1618, he took Oldenbarnevelt prisoner, together with some of his closest collaborators, chief among whom was his informal "crown prince," Hugo Grotius, then pensionary of Rotterdam.
Never in the course of Dutch history was the problem of union versus province more crudely manifest than when it materialized in the vexing question of how and by whom Oldenbarnevelt was to be tried for his life. His own thesis, unassailable at least in theory, was that, having exclusively acted as a civil servant of the sovereign province of Holland, he was responsible only to the judiciary of the province of Holland; his enemies, on the other hand, wanted to have him tried for felony against the union. As, however, no federal judiciary existed, the only possible expedient was to summon an extraordinary tribunal ad hoc; it consisted of 24 judges, by no means all of whom were qualified lawyers, and not a few of whom, besides being political opponents, were also personally antagonistic to Oldenbarnevelt. Even so, after more than half a year's imprisonment and interrogation, he was condemned to death not for high treason, for which public opinion had been carefully propagandized, but for the "subversion" of the country's religion and policy. In May 1619 he was beheaded at the Binnenhof, in The Hague. More than any other event in the country's history, his execution has continued to haunt Dutch historiography and even Dutch politics.Jan J. Poelhekke
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
history of Europe: HollandIn 1619 the veteran statesman Johann van Oldenbarneveldt was executed, as much because of the political implications of his liberal stance as for his Arminian views. Holland's open society depended on the commercial values of a magistracy versed in finance and state policy. In 1650 the young stadtholder William II…
Netherlands: The formation of a new government…marked by close collaboration between Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, "advocate" of Holland (the legal and executive secretary of the provincial States), and Maurice of Nassau, William I's second son (the first, Philip William, became prince of Orange and remained loyal to Spain), who was named stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland and…
Hugo Grotius: Involvement in politics…the bitter political struggle under Oldenbarnevelt against the Gomarists (orthodox Calvinists led by Franciscus Gomarus who were dominant among the ministers and the populace), who were under the leadership of Prince Maurice, for control of the country.…
Maurice: Youth and rise to power.…assistance of the master politician Johan van Oldenbarnevelt,
landsadvocaat(pensionary) of Holland. With Maurice's cousin and loyal supporter, William Louis, stadtholder of Friesland, Oldenbarnevelt and Maurice formed a powerful triumvirate. Under the three, the northern provinces steadily consolidated their position against Spain, grew progressively richer by trade and shipping, and…
pensionary…in the period 1586–1618, when Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, a former pensionary of Rotterdam, dominated the domestic and foreign policy of the republic. His power came not from his office but from his being the leader of the ruling oligarchy of Holland, the preponderant province. With the fall of Oldenbarnevelt in…
More About Johan van Oldenbarnevelt6 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- execution
- history of the Netherlands
- opposition to Gomarists
- In Gomarist
- power as pensionary
- In pensionary
association with
- Grotius
- Maurice of Nassau

subset: commoncrawl


text: July 19, 2010 Iannuzzi: Don't stumble in Race to the Top Source: Times Union The following letter by NYSUT President Dick Iannuzzi appeared in the Monday, July 19 edition of the Times Union. Don't stumble in Race to the Top By RICHARD C. IANNUZZI First published: Monday, July 19, 2010 In the coming days, when U.S. Education Secretary Arne Duncan unveils the next round of Race to the Top finalists, the question of how to best measure teacher effectiveness will again make headlines. From the ranks of those loosely defined as education experts, a new breed of reformers will no doubt be critical of those states not chosen, contending they didn't demand enough from teachers and teachers unions. At the same time, hard-core teacher activists will wail that states picked as Round 2 finalists went too far, undermining what they believe is most important in education. The use and misuse of standardized tests will be rallying cries for both. I spent 34 years as an elementary school teacher. After brushing aside the rhetoric, the issue for me is simple: Whenever I marked a paper or graded an exam, I wanted to know how my students performed. I felt pride when I saw progress and angst when I did not. I wanted to know I made a difference -- and couldn't hide the disappointment from myself when I didn't. Like all teachers, I wanted my students to grow and to learn. I wanted to be given credit when my students made progress, and I had to accept the reality I wasn't without responsibility when they did not. I taught in a school district with little tax base and significant poverty. Sometimes the district was overwhelmed by the consequences of deprivation and transience while neighboring districts flourished, benefiting from more than adequate household wealth and stability. We knew that comparing test results unfairly labeled our students and wrongly criticized our efforts. We were angry that test scores were used to blame teachers for society's failure to meet its obligation to those most in need. Similarly, our colleagues in wealthier districts were angry because they saw the reliance on test scores as bogus and stifling. For better or worse -- mostly worse -- the Obama Administration has seized upon standardized tests as central to evaluating educational progress and measuring teacher effectiveness. How teachers are evaluated -- through the use of test scores and other measures -- will undoubtedly weigh heavily in Round 2 of the Race to the Top's scoring. New York State United Teachers and the state Education Departmently agreed on legislation, now signed into law, that changes how teachers are evaluated. Standardized test results will account for 20 percent of a teacher's and principal's evaluation, later moving to 25 percent. When standardized tests are not given, locally designed tests will be used. Other measures -- some already in use, such as classroom observation, and some new ones, such as a student's body of work -- will make up the rest of the evaluation. A number of teachers in my union worry that we went too far; many of our critics say we didn't go far enough. Ultimately, I fear that all that will matter is how New York's percentages compare with those states that made the Race to the Top cut and those that didn't -- and that's unfortunate. Far too many will ignore the full impact of all that is gained by New York's entire plan to improve teacher effectiveness, and how it supports teacher and student growth. Lost in the posturing will be the renewed emphasis on teacher preparation, mentoring and ongoing professional development. Overlooked will be the collaborative support for teachers as they meet the challenges they face every day, and the recognition for those who excel, including providing highly effective teachers the opportunity to share their knowledge and skills with others. The goal of having practitioners control their own profession and define excellence will be lost in rhetorical frenzy. Research points to teacher effectiveness as the most critical factor in improving student performance. Teachers overwhelmingly take pride in that, and most accept the converse -- that ineffective teaching hampers student growth. Measuring that growth must play a part in understanding what makes an effective teacher, but it must be measured in a reasonable and appropriate way that takes into account all that goes into the learning environment and the art of teaching. When the finalists are announced, we will find out if Race to the Top is a comprehensive strategy for improving education for our country's students or just a race about numbers and dollars. Richard C. Iannuzzi, who taught fourth-grade in Central Islip for most of his 34 years in the classroom, is president of the 600,000-member New York State United Teachers.


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taniaaust1 wrote:Inner Effect wrote:One of my friends is constantly in my dreams, Ive had at least 2 or 3 dreams about her per week for the last few months, usually reocurring kinds of situations. They are mostly pleasant dreams but im starting to wonder why I dream about her so much as shes not even in the country im in at the moment so havnt seen her since Oct last year. What could it mean to dream about 1 person so much?
[ Post made via Android ]
Consider if this character of your friend could be representing you in some way in the dreams eg think of what aspects of you are like her.
Hmm ive always thought we are similar in many ways, shall think about that some more
On a different topic I had an interesting combination of symbols in a dream last night, I was looking around trying to find a toilet and finally found a old rickety wooden cubicle, then as I was sitting inside going to the toilet suddenly my teeth started to fall out, there was loads of blood everywhere and then my old school teacher opened the door and said 'your teeth are falling out again, whats the problem?'
Quite a funny one!
[ Post made via Android ]


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My long-held idea is now complete. Please note that the idea itself is about factions, not game mechanics. You can design any kind of combat mechanics and graphics on top of it, from cartoon superhero FPS to dark fantasy turn based card game. The factions have completely different gameplay and philosophy, that lock the players to the faction: they simply love to play this way and would hate to play the other ways, so they are this faction, for better or worse. The basic setting is simple: the factions fight for territories that become vulnerable according to some timetable. Territory control give the faction access to resources and buffs in PvP in that territory.
How do these factions fight?
- Knights, the achievers: the knight gameplay is most similar to (old) WoW gameplay. There are distinct classes with min-maxed specialization: tanks, healers, glass cannons and crowd controllers. While individual performance matters, even the best of the best is nothing alone, while a team with good synergy is strong. Adding more teams (zerging) doesn't add synergies, two teams are just two teams next to each other. Tanks have abilities to keep the enemy in place at the cost of them being locked to them, healers heal them up, CC-ers keep other enemies than the target away from combat, while glass cannons deal most of the damage at the cost of being one-two-shottable if the tank and CC fails or they position wrongly.
- Swarmlings, the socializers: lore-wise they are beasts, fighting with fangs and naturally attained spells. They don't have many abilities and the mechanics are simple. There is no specialization among them, a more advanced swarmling is just bigger and stronger in everything. They fight in large groups (zerging), but they don't have to care about UI management as their strength is automatically gained from the swarm. Nobody in the swarm can die as long as the swarm itself is alive, as the swarm (swarmlings within range of each other) have shared HP. When the swarm is on half HP, it does half damage, so damaging the swarm weakens them, but no individual member is suffering for his bad luck or incompetent play. Similarly, there is no reason for a swarmling to be anti-social with another: every +1 swarmling makes you stronger by adding to your HP pool. Having the "shoot nearest enemy" spell on autocycle, and just chatting with friends while watching the combat visuals is completely accepted "competitive" play for swarmlings. The swarm either dies at once, or dissolves as more and more members run away to save themselves.
- Demons, the killers: lore-wise they are lone demons. While they can form small guilds, they can't unite their forces. They are hindered by "demonic greed" a stacking debuff they receive from every demon nearby. Guildmates have weaker debuff, but still only a handful demons can work together before they become completely useless due to the debuff. On the other hand demons are strong. A single demon has 50-50 chance against proper 4 man knight unit (tank+healer+DPS+CC) of the same skill or against a 10-man swarm. Demons live and die by their skills, the proper execution of combos (like stun plus slow buildup avoidable huge damage) and the proper choice to engage or flee.
- +1 Spirits the explorers: they are a strange addition to the game, as they can't conquer anything. They probably don't want to, because they are explorers. They are combat-unable faction with strong abilities to run away from combat.
How do these factions claim land?
- Knights: They conquer land by building. After they destroyed the strongholds of enemy factions, they must gather and move resources and build a fort WoW Garrison style. Their task to build strongholds are huge compared to other factions, but so is the prize: a well-advanced fort, staffed by well geared and skilled knights acting as a unit cannot be conquered by demons and the swarm must outnumber them 30:1 to win.
- The swarm captures land by ... swarming. After destruction of the enemy stronghold, swarmlings just have to be on the spot while a capture slider is filling (the more, the faster) and a living hive is built which has automatic, unmanned defenses protecting itself even when no swarmling around, and merging its HP with the swarm when it's nearby. There is one mechanic to prevent the swarm razing enemy forts just to grief (Demons can grief, swarm can't): hungry swarmlings can't attack structures. The land can't feed a huge swarm, they must either spread out to farm, opening them up for small gangs of knights and roaming demons or they must use rations from their hive. As hives grow, they give out bigger and bigger rations, so to be able to effectively siege, swarmlings must protect their captured hives long enough to be able to give out big enough rations for a siege battle.
- Demons are unable to team up for a siege, so they can't really fight a properly formed knight army or a large enough swarm. They win territories by either finding undefended ones in the back, or wearing down the defenders by picking them one by one while farming forcing them to just go away - and due to no fast travel, being too far to fight when the timer is up. Demons don't have to build anything to own land, any land unclaimed by the Knights or the Swarm belongs to them with a defenseless demonic pillar growing on the stronghold spot. The longer it's there, the more powerful buff it gives to demons and more HP it has, but it sill can't defend itself, demons must show up and PvP to hold it. When the server starts up, every land outside faction safe zones are demon land.
- Spirits don't own land besides their safe zone, which is in the middle of the map, while the other faction safe zones are on the edges, far from each other.
Character progression, death penalty, time spent outside battles for territories:
- Knights: During breaks of fighting they have lots of tasks to do: gathering materials, crafting gear, upgrading the fort, killing natural monsters for XP. One can spend 10+ hours a day for years as a knight and still have something to do. The XP they gained is permanent. Gear is lost upon death and lootable by everyone. Looting takes time and interrupted by damage, so can practically done only upon victory. Fellow knights are noble, if they loot a corpse, the gear is automatically returned to the owner in damaged form. If enemies loot it, it's lost. Powerful gear acts as artifact for spirits.
- Swarmlings grow naturally while fed and shrink when starving. On death they reset to basic swarmling, but it's not a big loss, as even the most powerful elder beast has just +100% damage and +200% HP (which is only relevant in single combat, as in group the HP is shared) stronger than the most basic newborn. When they grow, they also get a slow visual upgrade which they can't lose and make them look more and more badass. The only thing to do for swarmlings outside of combat is killing natural monsters for food, but as I mentioned, it's really optional as the reward is small. One can be (and most will be) small swarmlings playing casually, socializing most of the time and playing only on big, timer battles.
- Demons progress their character by killing other players. They can't just farm the same noob or alt again and again, they must roam and find new ones to kill. Their strength grows by every kill with no limit, but they can lose a big part of it upon death. Multiple deaths can push a demon back to newbie state. They are anti-social, they are the only faction where killing another member is possible and it's even rewarded: killing a fellow demon gives the biggest reward to killer - and even larger penalty to the loser.
- Spirits spend all their time outside of combat (unless they are caught) and their whole play is about exploring the land, while finding relics. They must also find mana stones to eat. With every relic delivered home, their HP and ability power grows, along with their capability to search relics. Upon death, they lose the relics they carried. For them, the other factions mean obstacle in their quests, as relics are seen as valuable building materials (or gear) by knights, huge chunk of food for swarmlings and powerful temporary buffs for demons. They are seen as thieves by other factions, creating interesting dynamic.
What is their UI look like?
- Knights: Various windows and spreadsheets to properly manage various progress paths, buildings, resources and inventory. Outside of combat they probably don't see much from the World. In combat they have their map, their spell hotbar and group UI, similar to WoW.
- Swarmlings: can switch between two modes. The normal mode has the minimap, the spell hotbar and a swarm counter, showing how many other swarmlings are in range. The combat mode is an RTS topside view where they can pan and scan to see the whole swarm and the battlefield, but of course they can only control their one swarmling.
- Demons: have similar to the Knight combat UI, but they have various cooldown meters and combo counters and ability telegraphs on the ground, rather a WoW UI with the top raiding addons.
- Spirits: have no minimap or any windows, only the spell castbar. They are probably locked into FPS view or closely behind-shoulder view. They have to do everything by seeing and interacting with the World. Their only "senses" are the ability to see their city beacon on the horizon to find the way home; a sunbeam-like effect showing the direction of nearby artifacts; and a danger sense that places red shadows to the distance where hostile players are.
As usual, everything on my blog is free to take. If you are a dev seeing potential in this, use any element in your game!


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Miami-Dade County
Ethics Commission scolds state Rep. Erik Fresen for unpaid fine
The state Ethics Commission delivered an unexpected blow to state Rep. Erik Fresen on Friday, rejecting an agreement that he had reached with state Advocate Diane Guillemette over his flawed financial disclosures.
In the agreement, Fresen, a Miami Republican, conceded that there were minor mistakes on the disclosure forms he filed between 2008 and 2011. He said he had since corrected the errors.
But the commission was hung up on an unpaid ethics fine. The $1,500 penalty was assessed in 2003 because Fresen did not file a financial disclosure while serving as legislative aide the year before.
Commissioners said it was "horrific" that Fresen had not paid the fine, and called the case among the worst they had ever seen. One commissioner likened the circumstances to a bank robbery.
"Can we do a public censure?" asked Commissioner Linda Robison. "I find this appalling and I think his constituents need to know he never paid a fine that was assessed."
Fresen's attorney, J.C. Planas, said Fresen was not made aware of the $1,500 fine until 2012. By that time, the penalty was no longer enforceable.
Planas said Fresen would not pay the fine because it had been unfairly imposed.
"In 2003, when he was not in office — when he was not a legislative aide and his primary responsibility was trying to take care of his wife and children — he did not file a financial disclosure form for his time as a legislative aide," Planas said. "You are trying to go after him for something that happened when he lost his job as a legislative aide."
Planas also noted that other former legislative aides had not been held accountable for the lapse.
Commissioner Matthew Carlucci was not convinced. Carlucci chastised Fresen for failing to attend the meeting, and said the state representative should have been more contrite.
"Contriteness goes a long way with me," Carlucci said. "I make my fair share of mistakes… I find that when I do, and I'm contrite and I own up to it, I usually get off."
Commissioner Tom Freeman, however, said Carlucci "beat up" on the state representative. He urged his colleagues to approve the agreement Fresen reached with the advocate.
"The only good that can come from his issue beyond this date today is to accept the stipulation, put it behind us, and move forward," Freeman said.
The commission rejected the stipulation in a 7-1 vote.
Planas said he was disappointed in the outcome. He said he and Guillemette would craft a revised stipulation acknowledging that Fresen declined to pay the fee, and submit it to the commission.
The case could also go to the Division of Administrative Hearings.
After the hearing, Fresen reiterated his position there had been "no purposeful or material omission of assets or liabilities" in his financial disclosures.
"The commission seems to be hung up on a fine that is over 10 years old..." he said. "It seems like a willful grabbing at straws that have no relevance."
Fresen is running for reelection in 2014 against Democrat Daisy Baez and Republican Amory Bodin.


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text:
Bib - Trisopterus luscus
Common name: Bib
Scientific name: Trisopterus luscus
Accession number: 102
Materials: Watercolour on paper
When painted: 1831-1841
MacGillivray's "Gadus luscus". It is likely that MacGillivray obtained his fish specimens from the fish market. It is probable that he would have looked for the best example of a particular type of fish and taken it home to paint it.


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Well, it's subscription time once again in the magical land of Mattycollector for both the DC Signature Series (aka DC Universe Classics) and Masters of the Universe Classics. Both are extensive lines, and both are certainly worthy of continuing on. However, as of this writing things are looking bleak for both subs. MOTUC is doing better than the DC sub at this point but the minimums needed for either line to go into production are still a long ways off.
If one or both of these lines don't continue it'd be a shame. Now, just to put my cards on the table…I'm not getting either sub. My reasons are financial, first and foremost. I simply cannot afford to subscribe. My toy budget these days is pretty slim, and, to be honest, there's other lines that take priority in my collection. Another big reason is, outside of an odd figure here and there, I'm really trying to not to stray outside of my 3-3/4″ wheel-house as much as possible. And, lastly, but still an important reason when coupled with the above, is there are just not that many characters out there that I'm willing to shell out $30 for. I did recently get New Adventures He-Man. He was a figure I was actually highly anticipating since Masters of the Universe Classics began. And, I love him. He's a fantastic figure.
So, with that in mind, there is really one figure that, if it doesn't happen in MOTUC, I'll be really bummed: New Adventures Skeletor. Now, you know he's gotta be on Mattel's infamous and oft-talked about 'roadmap' for the line. I mean, c'mon, it's Skeletor. He-man's Number One Bad Guy. But, he hasn't been announced so that puts him in the 2014 lineup at the earliest, and maybe even 2015. So, if the line is canceled from low subscriber buy in than this variant of Skeletor doesn't get made.
And, that'd be too bad. My New Adventures He-Man will be eternally lonely without Skeletor to battle. And, really, I'd love to help. I really would. I wish I was in the financial position where I could subscribe for no other reason to support the line and a property that I hold in high regard. But, I'm not and I can't. I wasn't able to do the 2013 subscription either and missed out on what turned out to be a figure I really, really would love to have in my collection: King He-Man. But, c'est la vie.
So, here I sit, fingers crossed that the MOTUC subscription hits it's numbers. I hope New Adventures Skeletor can adorn my shelf one day. That'd be swell.
So, if you could only get one…more…figure…out of the Masters of the Universe Classics or DC Comics Signature Series…what would it be?
27 Comments »
I too fear for the two lines. I've not yet subscribed but generally wait until the end to keep the charges of my credit card for as long as possible. If I could have only one masters figure, I think I would pick the horde trooper from She-Ra. They are sort of the storm troopers of the masters universe. For DC picking only one is tough. I would have to go with Ice to partner her up with Fire and complete the late 80's justice league line up. After Ice I would really like to see The Ray (Early 90's version).
And Zauriel and Tomorrow woman! I loved the grant Morrison turn on the JLA, and would welcome anything from that era: The Key, Green Arrow, Prometheus, and of course Aquaman.
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Don't let BP write off the Gulf Coast disaster
The BP Deepwater Horizon blowout took a massive toll on our environment, the region's wildlife, and nearby communities. For three months after the initial explosion, millions of gallons of crude oil and thousands of tons of methane spewed from the sea floor. Eleven people were killed and dozens more injured. Five years later, we are still suffering from the impacts.
BP was found "grossly negligent" for its role in the disaster, however, their settlement will be almost entirely tax deductible. Tell the Department of Justice to deny BP tax write offs for its remaining payments to address the 2010 Gulf Coast disaster.


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Thank you for visiting our website! Below you will be able to find the answer to Confectioner H.B. crossword clue which was last seen on Wall Street Journal Crossword, September 2 2017. Our site contains over 2.8 million crossword clues in which you can find whatever clue you are looking for. Since you landed on this page then you would like to know the answer to Confectioner H.B.. Without losing anymore time here is the answer for the above mentioned crossword clue:
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|Task that can't be ignored
|Work commissioned by the khedive of Egypt
|Ger. invaded it in June 1941
|Goya, e.g.
|Puzzling problem
|Fillable bread
|Muenster monger's business?
|Result of an offshore oil leak?
|Rand division
|Manner of moving
|Rhineland siren
|Frame of Felix, e.g.
|Geometry calculation
|Where potatoes were first cultivated
|Dispense with
|Distinguishing feature
|Report holder
|Call's counterpart
|Snowboarding bro?
|Group of families, in ancient Rome
|Sambuca flavoring
|Some kitchen compost
|Roof rim
|Frasier's brother
|Grazing spot
|C changers
|Division d'un ballet
|Starts a set
|Tureen accompanier
|Manning in MetLife Stadium
|Attack by space invaders?
|Retirement watch, perhaps?
|Victorian, e.g.
|Prevents access to
|Savage sorts
|Pay to play
|Serengeti grazer
|Stands for funerals
|Manxman, e.g.
|One might be chased by its owner
|Cowboy star Lash
|Rascal Flatts, for one
|Wearing an ultra-sheer outfit?
|Beastly abode
|Jeremy of "The Hurt Locker"
|Charlton's "Touch of Evil" director
|Prepare to be shot
|Local group
|Irritated state
|Chemise material
|A bit over 4,000 square meters
|Knight's title in "Game of Thrones"
|Redgrave with an Oscar, a Tony and a pair of Emmys
|In that case
|Mustang and Taurus?
|Something that won't sprout if it's planted?
|Lion's pride
|"Ritorna vincitor!" for one
|Word on some franc notes
|Hotel visit
|Teacher of TV's "Sweathogs"
|City whose population triples once a year
|Gabriel Byrne's "Excalibur" role
|Embarrassing outburst
|Greek consonants
|Start of a Midwestern state capital name
|Marjoram's cousin
|Unpleasantly bitter
|Beyond bitter
|Turning jump
|Dresses down
|Feature of "guilt" but not "gilt"
|Earn a restraining order, perhaps
|Election lead-up
|Canadians' Thanksgiving mo.
|Set's crime against Osiris
|Like the 1979 gas crisis rationing
|Some country dancers
|Knock quite a few back
|Smallest of the ratites
|Cointreau flavoring
|Finished a deck
|Brat's opposite
|Iowa State setting
|Magician's props
|Parish constables
|Wonder drug
|Animal opposite the English lion on the Royal Arms
|Attacks with a lance
|Do some voice work
|"I Told You So" singer Randy
|Ramone who wrote "Rockaway Beach"
|Come across as
|Square root of sechzehn
|Delivers by the wagonload
|Dr. McCoy's first name
|Factual in every detail
|Jazz band members
|Blows up
|Dern and Linney
|Resort setting
|Minos and Ariadne, e.g.
|Fancy affair
|Fancy affair
|___ Lodge (motel chain)
|Brewpub choices
|Star of 1953's "Calamity Jane"
|Spiky flower popular with butterflies
|Scammer's words
|Paper extension
|Like some dungeon denizens
|"Sir, I love you more than words can wield the matter" speaker
|"It's a long story"
|One of a sinful septet
|Fails miserably
|Bother a bedmate
|Skybox setting
|Boudoir wear
|Breastplate's place
|Confectioner H.B.
|Rear-___ (driving mishap)
|Way off
|You can bank on them
|Garden visitor
|Single, say
|Florida Georgia Line, for one
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Description:Compaq Ultra ATA 100 RAID CardPart Number(s)HP Part# 238051-B21
Overview:This dual-channel RAID card offers powerful options for small office/home office and professional workstations at incredible values. Creates economical fault-tolerant RAID 1 arrays for entry-level networks. If one drive fails the other drive continues to save and retrieve data. Use with multiple Ultra ATA/100 drives under RAID 0 to double sustained data transfer rates when working on large files. Supports hot swap operation using optional SuperSwap chassis. Each card offers easy array setup through the FastBuild onboard BIOS utility. Easy management maintenance and monitoring are available with included FastCheck GUI


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Burberry Prorsum Fall 2011 Ready-to-Wear
Handcrafts were Christopher Bailey's latest weapon for exploring new frontiers in a brand already teeming with rich heritage. Raffia hats and leopard wedge sandals came down the runway on almost every artisanally adorned garment at Burberry Prorsum. It may be the crown jewel in Bailey's already impressive repertoire at the celebrated British house.


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Group exercise has been through quite a transformation over the past 30 years. Originating as dance classes and/or the trademarked Jazzercise in the early facilities of the 1970s following the birth of the modern health club industry around 1975, the movement — referred to then as "aerobics" — matured in the 1980s due to the efforts of pioneers like Jackie Sorenson and Judy Sheppard Missett. Accompanying this phenomenon were the early certifying agencies — the American Council on Exercise and the Aerobics and Fitness Association of America as well as the founding of Peter and Kathie Davis' IDEA Health and Fitness Association, a San Diego-based membership organization of health and fitness professionals with more than 19,000 members in more than 80 countries.
What happened? Well, the old-boy environment of the city athletic clubs and the large urban-suburban tennis clubs could not sustain reliable growth as the 1970s progressed. Sociologically, the feminist movement had hit full stride; women were quickly becoming as much a part of the consumer economy as men, and around 1980, clubs realized they must cater to women if they were to grow their membership numbers.
Since cardio equipment as we know it had not yet been invented and few clubs had pieces of what did exist, operators discovered that they needed classes that would accommodate women and women's movement patterns. And they did — some of them anyway.
Initially, clubs charged for aerobics classes. Bear in mind that these were the days prior to one-monthly-fee-pays-for-all bundled memberships (remember this term; it will play a big part in a later section of this column series). If you wanted a class membership, you paid a certain fee. If you wanted a racquetball membership, you paid a certain fee. If you wanted a fitness-only membership, you paid a certain fee. Usually, these fees were prepaid or at least billed out on a quarterly basis. Electronic funds transfer monthly-payment memberships had not yet taken hold.
Aerobics and club management developed hand-in-hand, not by design, but by happenstance. As club operators became enamored with the bundled membership concept, more classes and a greater variety of them came into being in the average health club. That should have been our first sign: that which had previously been measurable (after all, we knew what kind of fees we were bringing in for this activity — how many people had signed up and how many classes we were delivering) now was harder to analyze. How many class participants were also using our weight room or our pool or our racquetball courts?
Group exercise classes brought energy into our fitness facilities. Certainly, the early instructor certifying agencies must be credited with creating the movement that professionalized fitness delivery in the industry. Concurrently, health clubs became somewhat softer places: décor became more pleasant, programming became more varied and we enjoyed a wider demographic range of potential customers for the first time. Group exercise classes were packed. It was not uncommon for one out of every three member visits to be for participation in a group class. All was well, and we were enjoying the first phase of the fitness boom. That was the 1980s.
The 1990s welcomed a mini-recession and the beginning of the competitive era. Fitness was beginning to mainstream. Aerobics was starting to plateau. Modern cardiovascular equipment hit clubs in a big way. Parallel to that, women who had previously only used classes now were using cardio as well or had left classes to get their cardiovascular benefit from equipment. Things had changed.
Simultaneously, group payroll had increased substantially ahead of class attendance. Clubs were paying higher class/hour wages for instruction of fewer people. The average club was carrying a schedule of 50, 60, 70 or more classes per week, and visit-percentage had dropped generally below 20 percent. Group classes were usually high-impact and not appealing to the new influx of older female members. Men had all but been obliterated from classes due to predominant female-movement choreography.
As early as the mid-1990s, club development and aerobics were headed in opposite directions, but nobody realized it.
Next month's column will discuss where group exercise is now and how it's affecting the average health club's business.
Michael Scott Scudder is a 30-year veteran of the fitness industry. He is a personal business trainer operating Fitness Focus, a consulting company that offers private workshops on pertinent fitness business matters. Questions and comments are welcomed by Michael at 505-690-5974 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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'Smardi Gras' puts the focus on safety and fun for Mardi Gras
Loyola press release - February 14, 2014
Loyola University New Orleans will celebrate a new twist on Mardi Gras this year—a week of fun events designed to promote safety during Carnival season. Loyola's Office of Student Affairs and the Student Government Association will host "Smardi Gras" from Friday, Feb. 21 through Friday, Feb. 28.
The weeklong event series includes everything from tie-dying parade T-shirts and king cake decorating to second lining and Karnival Koozies with a handy parade schedule and safety tips.
Events include:
- Mardi Gras Mambo Third Friday
Friday, Feb. 21, Peace Quad, 3:30 p.m.
Sponsored by the Student Government Association, the event features decorating stations for Mardi Gras fanny packs and tie-dyeing parade T-shirts. Free po'boys are also available.
- Smardi Gras T-Shirt Giveaway
Monday, Feb. 24, One Loyola Room, Danna Student Center, noon
Official Smardi Gras 2014 T-shirts are available along with tips on how to enjoy a fun, safe, and healthy Mardi Gras. This event is sponsored by the Health Education at Loyola Committee.
- Take Care Of Yourself Tuesday: Fat Tuesday Edition
Tuesday, Feb. 25, One Loyola Room, Danna Student Center, 11:30 a.m.
This Fat Tuesday edition of Loyola's Take Care of Yourself Tuesday will detail how many calories are included in alcoholic beverages compared with traditional New Orleans and Mardi Gras foods. The event will also feature free fitness assessments, chair massages and a free water bottle giveaway from the Residence Hall Association to remind everyone to stay hydrated during this Mardi Gras Season. This event is sponsored by the Office Intercollegiate Athletics and Wellness.
- Mardi Gras Kick-Off Celebration
Wednesday, Feb. 26, Orleans Room, Danna Student Center, 11:30 a.m.-2:30 p.m.
Loyola is serving up traditional New Orleans food and fun in the Orleans Room with king cake decorating, face painting, second lining and prizes sponsored by Uptown Campus Dining.
- Karnival and Koozies
Thursday, Feb. 27, One Loyola Room, Danna Student Center, 12:30 p.m.
Sponsored by the Student Government Association, Loyola will give away free Karnival Koozies with the Mardi Gras parade schedule and safety tips.
Loyola residential students can also register their Mardi Gras overnight guests staying on campus from Monday, Feb. 24 to Friday, Feb. 28 to take advantage of the early registration discount. Registration is available in the One Loyola Room in the Danna Student Center during the week.
For more information, contact Heather Seaman at 504-865-3622.


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Pawno asked me to make picks for JOEL as well, so here it is.
My first pick is Owen Daniels, TE, Houston
Then, for JOEL, it's Eddie Royal and Dallas DEF.
And again my pick, and that will be Joe Flacco.
Forum for any fantasy basketball leagues being organized
Moderators: Mr. Crackerz, JREED, Guybrush, 32
- Posts: 420
- Joined: Thu Aug 07, 2008 1:15 am
Role Player
The defending champ selects:
Greg Little, WR, Browns; and Jake Locker, QB, Titans.
Greg Little, WR, Browns; and Jake Locker, QB, Titans.


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IELTS - International English Language Testing System, is an international standardised test of English language proficiency. It is jointly managed by University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, the British Council and IDP Education Pty Ltd, and was established in 1989.
There are two versions of the IELTS: the Academic Version and the General Training Version:
The Academic Version is intended for those who want to enrol in universities and other institutions of higher education and for professionals such as medical doctors and nurses who want to study or practise in an English-speaking country.
The General Training Version is intended for those planning to undertake non-academic training or to gain work experience, or for immigration purposes.
IELTS is accepted by most Australian, British, Canadian, Irish, New Zealand and South African academic institutions, over 3,000 academic institutions in the United States, and various professional organisations. It is also a requirement for immigration to Australia, New Zealand and Canada.
No minimum score is required to pass the test. An IELTS result or Test Report Form is issued to all candidates with a score from "band 1" ("non-user") to "band 9" ("expert user") and each institution sets a different threshold. There is also a "band 0" score for those who did not attempt the test. Institutions are advised not to consider a report older than two years to be valid, unless the user proves that he has worked to maintain his level.
The total test duration is around
2 hours and 45 minutes
for Listening, Reading and Writing modules.
Listening: 40 minutes
, 30 minutes for which a recording is played centrally and additional 10 minutes for transferring answers onto the OMR answer sheet.
Reading: 60 minutes
Writing: 60 minutes
Speaking: 11–14 minutes
For any further enquiry please call us at our helpline Number 9836326322 or mail us at
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Published Nov 19, 2012
30 minute manicures and relaxing salon pedicures. We all need great nails, so who does yours?
Fun in the sun can be overrated. Who makes you look naturally radiant? see the Top 5 →
Unwanted hair can be such a hassle to get rid of. Where do you go to get... see the Top 5 →
Ribs, pulled pork, burnt ends, or brisket? Whatever your choice, you... see the Top 5 →
When the hardest choice is sweet or savory, you know you're in for a treat... see the Top 5 →
Burgers are serious business. East Coast, West Coast, Well Done, Medium... see the Top 5 →
Breakfast, lunch or dinner. The possibilities are endless. Who makes the... see the Top 5 →
The 2012 Houston A-List awards are based on more than 14,000 votes from local Houston-area experts.


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The optimizer is using a different explain plan for the same query between my staging environment and the production environment. Staging is using an index while production uses a full table scan
All of the parameters (validated from v$parameter) are the same in the 2 environments. The statistics for the table were calculated on staging and imported to production so those are the same. As far as I can tell there is no logic reason for the difference so why are the plans different?
The table is partitioned (range by date) and if the query is executed on production against last months partition, the plan will use an index. Executed for the current month will use a full table scan (staging uses the index for both queries).
I have re-ran statistic (I am using global stats) in production but the plan did not change. What should I do to get production using the correct plan?
Thanks in advance.


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Over ONE HUNDRED MILLION Cars Are Susceptible To Hacking
Owners of Volkswagens and Audi's built between 1995 and 2016 have been warned it is susceptible to hackers.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham in England published a paper this week that details a low-tech hack that could give them access to dozens of VW group vehicles that have been sold since 1995.
Researchers were able to 'eavesdrop' on the remote keyless access keys of the car, which locks and unlocks the car, which in turn meant they were able to mimic the signal with 'cheap technical devices.'
Current models including the 2016 Audi Q3 is susceptible to attack as are all cars before it.
It is believed that 100 million cars worldwide could be susceptible to the attack.
"It is conceivable that all VW Group (except for some Audi) cars manufactured in the past and partially today rely on a 'constant-key' scheme and are thus vulnerable to the attacks," the paper read.
Thankfully, not all modern VW and Audi cars are vulnerable. Cars built on the MQB platform, including the current VW Golf and Audi A3, do not have this remote key flaw.


text: System debian lenny I followed the instructions, but when I issue the command "php install.php" as root i receive: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES) ISPConfig Billing module has been installed. I checked MySql permissions and they are like they're supposed to be. I went in the control panel and checked the billing addon for user admin. The icon appeared but when i clicked on some options i got messages about tables not existing. So i decided to import them manually in the mysql db of ispconfig and it worked. The addon seems to be operational now. I hope I didn't break anything for the future. Not nuclear science, but this info might help someone in the future. /cheers


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Corporate leaders as a group have largely failed to earn the trust of their employees, and that includes IT managers, who may be particularly lacking in some of the qualities that define a trusted leader.
That's the assessment of John Hamm, a Silicon Valley-based venture capitalist, leadership advisor and author of the book, "Unusually Excellent: The Necessary Nine Skills Required for the Practice of Great Leadership." Don Tennant recently spoke with Hamm, who made it clear that he sees among employees in corporate America a widespread lack of trust of those in authority in their companies, and that the fault lies squarely with the leaders. What lies at the heart of this failure to earn employee trust isn't maliciousness, Hamm said. It's obliviousness.
In his book, Hamm has outlined some steps leaders can take to build trust in their companies. Those steps are highlighted in this slideshow.
Social Networking Redefines Landscape for Job Seekers Many job seekers are growing nervous about the potential career fallout from personal content on social networking sites.
Seven Key Trends that Are Shaping the Future of the Green Data Center By 2015, global investment in energy efficient data center technologies will represent 28 percent of the $150 billion data center infrastructure market.
Seven Employee Monitoring Tips for Small Businesses Seven critical employee monitoring approaches for SMBs to protect their intellectual property and to maximize employee productivity.
Related Topics : A Big Market for Big Data Jobs, Midmarket CIO, IT Management Automation, SharePoint, Technology Markets
The gig economy is clearly disrupting the tech industry, both in positive and negative ways. ... More >>
Is fake news a security issue? Some say yes, as it can be used as a social engineering tool to spread disinformation and conceivably to get unsuspecting users to click on malicious links. ... More >>
Executives at several top tech firms outline the skills they need now and in the near future, including IaaS and IoT security expertise. Other skills listed may surprise you. ... More >>


text: Focuses on both physical organic chemistry and the reactions and synthesis of organic chemistry as they apply to the synthesis of complex organic molecules. Both areas are related, and special attention will be given to how the physical properties affect the chemical properties of organic molecules. Prerequisites: CHEM215 and CHEM216.


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Coach, Professional Athletes is very similar to another occupation for which we have
a full profile.
Check out our full profile for:
Coaches and Scouts
Instruct or coach groups or individuals in the fundamentals of sports. Demonstrate techniques and methods of participation. May evaluate athletes' strengths and weaknesses as possible recruits or to improve the athletes' technique to prepare them for competition. Those required to hold teaching degrees should be reported in the appropriate teaching category.
Athletic Coach
Athletic Director
Athletic Instructor
Baseball Coach
Baseball Scout
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Golf Instructor
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Gymnastic Teacher
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Head Coach
Hockey Scout
Horse Trainer
Ice Hockey Coach
Karate Instructor
Manager, Baseball Club
Martial Arts Instructor
Physical Director
Pitching Coach
Racehorse Trainer
Recruiting Coordinator
Riding Instructor
Scout, Professional Sports
Scuba Instructor
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Softball Coach
Strength and Conditioning Coach
Swim Coach
Swim Instructor
Swimming Coach
Swimming Instructor
Teacher, Athletics
Teacher, Bowling
Teacher, Golf
Teacher, Gymnasium
Teacher, Ice Skating
Teacher, Judo
Teacher, Karate
Teacher, Physical Education
Teacher, Riding
Teacher, Scuba Diving
Teacher, Skiing
Teacher, Skin Diving
Teacher, Sports
Teacher, Swimming
Tennis Coach
Tennis Instructor
Volleyball Coach


text:
Copyright 2013 Robert Appleton
Smashwords Edition
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
This book is a work of fiction. Characters, names, places and incidents either are the product of the author's imagination or are used fictitiously, and any resemblance to any actual persons, living or dead, events, or locales is entirely coincidental.
* * *


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FIRST instinct is to think it was all for nothing. That Tom Scully left, as soon as he possibly could. That he plays in western Sydney now, for a team with far more first-round draftees than Melbourne ever got. That the Demons are still trying to get off the bottom of the ladder, three long years later. That, regardless of whether the Demons ''tanked'' or not, losing so many games over so many years has left them with a group that hasn't experienced any serious sort of winning. It's really no wonder that Mark Neeld went after Chris Dawes, Shannon Byrnes and others at the end of last season. They know how teams win.
There's a sense in football that if you're down the bottom then you really need to make the most of your time there, to use it to get back up. The arrival of the Giants and Suns, and their hoarding of the juiciest draft picks, has created a even greater sense of urgency in the past few years. There still seems a fine line between legitimately preparing a non-finals side for the following season by sending players away for surgery, throwing kids in, trialling players in new positions and deciding whether to keep fringe dwellers or delist them.
The questions asked of Melbourne seemed to be about how many changes were made, in single hits, and about how exotic the positions they tried certain players in were. The Demons were asked, during the almost eight-month investigation, why Jack Watts wasn't played more often during his debut season. You could mount an argument that they were irresponsible to expose the skinny schoolkid as soon as they did.
What is clear is that draft picks alone will never solve any problems. Unless, of course, they are absolutely nailed. No club is ever going to get every pick right, because recruiters don't own crystal balls and, given Melbourne's rough recent history, it's reasonable to ask whether they chose poorly or brought good young players into a system that failed at developing them. It's probably a bit of both. Some players have been held back by injury. But still, too many of the club's early choices - Jordan Gysberts, Lucas Cook, Cale Morton, at the end of last year - were gone too soon after they got there. Not enough later picks have kicked on as yet. Hence, last year's clean-out.
While Scully's departure was a kick, the Demons still benefited from their four-win season in 2009. They got their captain, Jack Trengove, with pick two and he was the bonus: had the new priority pick system been in place they would have had to make a call and their call would have been Scully. The only established player they really overlooked (given what they had shown at draft time) was Dustin Martin, who went to Richmond at No. 3. While Nat Fyfe looks a top three player now, he was an inspired choice by Fremantle at No. 20 that year.
It's impossible to tell what Melbourne really did win by losing, though. They were given two first-round compensation picks when Scully left after 31 games, and activated both during last year's trade and draft period. It's hard to determine exactly what they gained, given they worked picks into trade deals, but they took Jimmy Toumpas with one of them (No. 4), and used pick 13 in deals that ultimately saw them end up with 17-year-old key forward Jesse Hogan, runner Dom Barry and Dawes. They were able to use their strong position near the top order to usher Jack Viney through to the second round. Going into trade month with only pick four would have made that a whole lot tougher to pull off.
The verdict? Give it a little longer. It won't be until at least 2015 that we'll really know what Melbourne's ''prize'' was three years ago.
Emma Quayle joined The Age as a cadet journalist in 1999 and has been covering football since 2001. She has won awards from the Australian Football Media Association and AFL Players Association for her feature writing, and specialised for many years in covering junior football and the AFL draft. Emma's two books - The Draft and Nine Lives (the story of former Essendon wingman Adam Ramanauskas' battle with cancer) - were published in 2008 and 2010.


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Teacher Resources
Kindergarten Writing Lessons
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Prompt Generator
Writing Topics (for First - Twelth Graders)
First Grade Prompts (by month)
Everyday Writing from Education World
Scroll down for daily writing prompts with a monthly theme
Alabama State Course of Study for Kindergarten
English Language Arts
4.) Use words that describe and represent real-life objects and actions.
5.) Demonstrate listening comprehension of passages, including retelling stories and answering questions.
6.) Identify various forms of narrative texts, including nursery rhymes, poetry, and stories.
8.) Use brainstorming, drawing, and discussion as elements of prewriting in the writing process.
11.) Follow one- and two-part oral directions. (Responding to various types of literature read aloud)
12.) Select appropriate voice level when interacting with others.
Create a Writing Project
Read Write Think's "Interactive Printing Press" lets you create and print a project. The project can be a a booklet, a flyer, a newspaper or a brochure.