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- Synopsis
- Prerequisites
- Creating an SSH Key Pair
- Notifying the Repository Keeper
- Connecting to the Repository
- Problems
- Using the Perforce Client
- Ending a Repository Session
- Overview of the Repository
- Contact Information
repository - Using the Perl repository
First, we assume here that you have already decided that you will need write access to the repository. If all you need is read access, there are much better ways to access the most current state of the perl repository, or explore individual files and patches therein. See perlhack for details.
This document describes what a Perl Porter needs to do to start using the Perl repository.
You'll need to get hold of the following software.
- Perforce
Download a perforce client from:
You'll probably also want to look at:
where you can look at or download its documentation.
- ssh
If you don't already have access to an ssh client, then look at its home site
http://www.cs.hut.fi/sshwhich mentions ftp sites from which it's available. You only need to build the client parts (ssh and ssh-keygen should suffice).
If you're on Windows then you might like to obtain Cygwin from:
which contains an ssh client. (MSYS also contains an ssh client but it seems to time-out and disconnect from the server and doesn't understand the ServerAliveInterval setting described later that can be used to stop Cygwin's ssh client from doing this.)
Alternatively, the "plink" program, part of PuTTY:
should also work fine for Windows users.
Creating an SSH Key Pair
If you already use ssh and want to use the same key pair for perl repository access then you can skip the rest of this section. Otherwise, generate an ssh key pair for use with the repository by typing the command
After generating a key pair and testing it, ssh-keygen will ask you to enter a filename in which to save the key. The default it offers will be the file ~/.ssh/identity which is suitable unless you particularly want to keep separate ssh identities for some reason. If so, you could save the perl repository private key in the file ~/.ssh/perl, for example, but I will use the standard filename in the remainder of the examples of this document. (Some ssh implementations will default to creating a ~/.ssh/id_rsa* ssh prototcol 2 RSA key pair instead - see below. Use the -t rsa1 option if you really want a protocol 1 key pair.)
After typing in the filename, it will prompt you to type in a passphrase. The private key will itself be encrypted so that it is usable only when that passphrase is typed. (When using ssh, you will be prompted when it requires a pass phrase to unlock a private key.) If you provide a blank passphrase then no passphrase will be needed to unlock the key and, as a consequence, anyone who gains access to the key file gains access to accounts protected with that key (barring additional configuration to restrict access by IP address).
When you have typed the passphrase in twice, ssh-keygen will confirm where it has saved the private key (in the filename you gave and with permissions set to be only readable by you), what your public key is (don't worry: you don't need to memorise it) and where it has saved the corresponding public key. The public key is saved in a filename corresponding to your private key's filename but with ".pub" appended, usually ~/.ssh/identity.pub. That public key can be (but need not be) world readable. It is not used by your own system at all.
Note that the above process creates a key pair for ssh protocol 1. You can request ssh protocol 2 (RSA) instead if you prefer (if your particular ssh client supports it), via the command
ssh-keygen -t rsa
This will create private/public identity files called ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub respectively. Protocol 2 offers a higher level of security than protocol 1. This is not required for access to the Perl repository -- ssh is used for authentication rather than encryption (the Perl sources are open anyway) -- but either protocol is supported by the server.
IMPORTANT NOTE FOR CYGWIN USERS: In order to make the private key files only readable by you you must include the string "ntea" in the "CYGWIN" environment variable in the shell used to run
chmod(1), and in the shell used to run the ssh client itself later. If "CYGWIN" doesn't contain "ntea" then it will appear to the ssh client that the file permissions are not set correctly, in which case the files will be ignored and you won't be able to connect.
Notifying the Repository Keeper
Mail the contents of that public key file to the keeper of the perl repository (see "Contact Information" below). When the key is added to the repository host's configuration file, you will be able to connect to it with ssh by using the corresponding private key file (after unlocking it with your chosen passphrase).
There is no harm in creating both protocol 1 and protocol 2 keys and mailing them both in. That way you'll be able to connect using either protocol, which may be useful if you later find yourself using a client that only supports one or the other protocol.
Connecting to the Repository
Connections to the repository are made by using ssh to provide a TCP "tunnel" rather than by using ssh to login to or invoke any ordinary commands on the repository.
The ssh (secure shell) protocol runs over port number 22, so if you have a firewall installed at the client end then you must ensure that it is configured to allow you to make an outgoing connection to port 22 on sickle.activestate.com.
When you want to start a session using the repository, use the command:
ssh -l perlrep -f -q -x -L 1666:127.0.0.1:1666 sickle.activestate.com foo
If you are not using the default filename of ~/.ssh/identity or ~/.ssh/id_rsa to hold your perl repository private key then you'll need to add the option -i filename to tell ssh where it is. Unless you chose a blank passphrase for that private key, ssh will prompt you for the passphrase to unlock that key. Then ssh will fork and put itself in the background, returning you (silently) to your shell prompt.
Note that the first time you connect you may see a message like "The authenticity of host 'sickle.activestate.com' can't be established," and asking you if you want to continue. Just answer yes and sickle's details will be cached in a known_hosts or known_hosts2 file. You will not see that message again unless you delete the cache file.
The tunnel for repository access is now ready for use.
For the sake of completeness (and for the case where the chosen port of 1666 is already in use on your machine), I'll briefly describe what all those ssh arguments are for.
- -l perlrep
Use a remote username of perlrep. (The account on the repository which provides the end-point of the ssh tunnel is named "perlrep".)
- -f
Tells ssh to fork and remain running in the background. Since ssh is only being used for its tunnelling capabilities, the command that ssh runs never does any I/O and can sit silently in the background.
- -q
Tells ssh to be quiet. Without this option, ssh will output a message each time you use a p4 command (since each p4 command tunnels over the ssh connection to reach the repository).
- -x
Tells ssh not to bother to set up a tunnel for X11 connections. The repository doesn't allow this anyway.
This is the important option. It tells ssh to listen out for connections made to port 1666 on your local machine. When such a connection is made, the ssh client tells the remote side (the corresponding ssh daemon on the repository) to make a connection to IP address 127.0.0.1, port 1666. Data flowing along that connection is tunnelled over the ssh connection (encrypted). The perforce daemon running on the repository only accepts connections from localhost and that is exactly where ssh-tunnelled connections appear to come from.
If port 1666 is already in use on your machine then you can choose any non-privileged port (a number between 1024 and 65535) which happens to be free on your machine. It's the first of the three colon separated values that you should change. Picking port 2345 would mean changing the option to -L 2345:127.0.0.1:1666. Whatever port number you choose should be used for the value of the P4PORT environment variable (q.v.).
- sickle.activestate.com
This is the canonical name of the host on which the perl repository resides.
- foo
This is a dummy place holder argument. Without an argument here, ssh will try to perform an interactive login to the repository which is not allowed. Ordinarily, this argument is for the one-off command which is to be executed on the remote host. However, the repository's ssh configuration file uses the "command=" option to force a particular command to run so the actual value of the argument is ignored. The command that's actually run merely pauses and waits for the ssh connection to drop, then exits.
You should normally get a prompt that asks for the passphrase for your RSA key when you connect with the ssh command shown above. If you see a prompt that looks like:
firstname.lastname@example.com's password:
Then you either don't have a ~/.ssh/identity or ~/.ssh/id_rsa file corresponding to your public key, or that file is not readable. Fix the problem and try again. Alternatively, some ssh implementations will fail to verify your RSA key if the key if readable by others. Just lower the permissions to make the key readable to yourself.
If you only had the public key file for one protocol installed at the server end then make sure your client is using the corresponding protocol. An ssh client that supports protocol 2 will probably choose that by default, which will fail if the server end only has your public key file for protocol 1. Some ssh clients have "-1" and "-2" arguments to force which protocol to use.
The "-v" (verbose) flag can be useful for seeing what protocol your client is actually trying to connect with, and for spotting any other problems. The flag can be specified multiple times to increase verbosity. Note that specifying the "-q" flag as well might override your request for verbose output, so drop the "-q" flag when trying this.
If you're using the Cygwin ssh client on Windows then you will probably find that the connection times out after a short period of inactivity. You will have to keep re-entering your passphrase to reconnect, which gets annoying after a while. In order to prevent these time-outs from happening place the following two lines in the file ~/.ssh/config:
Host sickle.activestate.com
ServerAliveInterval 120
This causes the ssh client to send a message to the server every 120 seconds to check that the server is still alive. The client will not disconnect unless "ServerAliveCountMax" many of these messages go unanswered. Run
man ssh_config for more details. Note also that this option applies to protocol version 2 only.
Using the Perforce Client
Remember to read the documentation for Perforce. You need to make sure that three environment variable are set correctly before using the p4 client with the perl repository.
Set this to localhost:1666 (the port for your ssh client to listen on) unless that port is already in use on your host. If it is, see the section above on the -L 1666:127.0.0.1:1666 option to ssh.
The value of this is the name by which Perforce knows your host's workspace. You need to pick a name (normally, your Perforce username, a dash, and your host's short name) when you first start using the perl repository and then stick with it.
Perforce keeps track of the files you have on your machine. It does this through your client. When you first sync a version of a file, the file comes from the server to your machine. If you sync the same file again the server does nothing because it knows you already have the file.
You should NOT use the same client on different machines. If you do you probably won't get the files you expect, and may end up with nasty corruption. Perforce allows you to have as many clients as you want. For example, sally-home, sally-openbsd, sally-laptop.
Also, never change the client's root and view at the same time. See
If you have multiple hosts sharing the same directory structure via NFS then you may be able to get away with only one client name, but be careful.
p4 clientscommand lists all currently known clients.
This is the username by which perforce knows you. Use your username if you have a well known or obvious one or else pick a new one which other perl5-porters will recognise. There is a licence limit on the number of these usernames, so be sure not to use more than one.
It is very important to set a password for your Perforce username, or else anyone can impersonate you. Use the
p4 passwdcommand to do this. Once a password is set for your account, you'll need to tell Perforce what it is. You can do this by setting the environment variable P4PASSWD, or you can use the
-Pflag with the
There are a few techniques you can use to avoid having to either set an environment variable or type the password on every command. One is to create a shell alias, for example, in bash, add something like alias p4='p4 -P secret' to your .bash_profile file. Another way is to create a small shell script, for example #!/bin/bash p4 -P secret $@ And use this instead of running
With either of these, be sure the file containing your password (the .bash_profile or shell script file) is only readable by you.
p4 userscommand lists all currently known users.
Note that on Windows P4PORT and P4USER are requested when installing Perforce. They are stored in the registry, so they do not need to be set in the environment.
Once these three environment variables are set, you can use the perforce p4 client exactly as described in its documentation.
After setting these variables and connecting to the repository for the first time, you should use the
p4 user command to set a valid email address for yourself. Messages to the commit list are sent (faked) from whatever email address you set here.
Also use the
p4 client command to specify your workspace specifications for each individual client from which you will interact with the repository. The P4CLIENT environment variable, of course, needs to be set to one of these client workspace names.
Ending a Repository Session
When you have finished a session using the repository, you should kill off the ssh client process to break the tunnel. Since ssh forked itself into the background, you'll need to use something like ps with the appropriate options to find the ssh process and then kill it manually. The default signal of SIGTERM is fine.
Overview of the Repository
Please read at least the introductory sections of the Perforce User Guide (and perhaps the Quick Start Guide as well) before reading this section.
Every repository user typically "owns" a "branch" of the mainline code in the repository. They hold the "pumpkin" for things in this area, and are usually the only user who will modify files there. This is not strictly enforced in order to allow the flexibility of other users stealing the pumpkin for short periods with the owner's permission.
Here is (part of) the current structure of the repository:
/----+-----perl - Mainline development (bleadperl)
+-----perlio - PerlIO Pumpkin's Perl
+-----vmsperl - VMS Pumpkin's Perl
+-----maint-5.004------perl - Maintenance branches
Perforce uses a branching model that simply tracks relationships between files. It does not care about directories at all, so any file can be a branch of any other file--the fully qualified depot path name (of the form //depot/foo/bar.c) uniquely determines a file for the purpose of establishing branching relationships. Since a branch usually involves hundreds of files, such relationships are typically specified en masse using a branch map (try `p4 help branch`). `p4 branches` lists the existing branches that have been set up. `p4 branch -o branchname` can be used to view the map for a particular branch, if you want to determine the ancestor for a particular set of files.
The mainline (aka "trunk") code in the Perl repository is under "//depot/perl/...". Most branches typically map its entire contents under a directory that goes by the same name as the branch name. Thus the contents of the perlio branch are to be found in //depot/perlio.
Run `p4 client` to specify how the repository contents should map to your local disk. Most users will typically have a client map that includes at least their entire branch and the contents of the mainline.
Run `p4 changes -l -m10` to check on the activity in the repository. //depot/perl/Porting/genlog is useful to get an annotated changelog that shows files and branches. You can use this listing to determine if there are any changes in the mainline that you need to merge into your own branch. A typical merging session looks like this:
% cd ~/p4view/perlio
% p4 integrate -b perlio # to bring parent changes into perlio
% p4 resolve -am ./... # auto merge the changes
% p4 resolve ./... # manual merge conflicting changes
% p4 submit ./... # check in
If the owner of the mainline wants to bring the changes in perlio back into the mainline, they do:
% p4 integrate -r -b perlio
Generating a patch for change#42 is done as follows:
% p4genpatch 42 > change-42.patch
p4genpatch is to be found in //depot/perl/Porting/.
The usual routine to apply a patch is
% p4 edit file.c file.h
% patch < patch.txt
(any necessary, re-Configure, make regen_headers, make clean, etc, here)
% make all test
(preferably make all test in several platforms and under several different Configurations)
% while unhappy
make all test
% p4 submit
Other useful Perforce commands
% p4 describe -du 12345 # show change 12345
Note: the output of "p4 describe" is not in proper diff format, use the Porting/p4genpatch to get a diff-compatible format. (Note that it may be easier to get one already prepared: grep perlhack for APC, and append eg "/diffs/12345.gz" to one of the URLs to get a usable patch.)
% p4 diff -se ./... # have I modified something but forgotten
# to "p4 edit", easy faux pas with autogenerated
# files like proto.h, or if one forgets to
# look carefully which files a patch modifies
% p4 sync file.h # if someone else has modified file.h
% p4 opened # which files are opened (p4 edit) by me
% p4 opened -a # which files are opened by anybody
% p4 diff -du file.c # what changes have I done
% p4 revert file.h # never mind my changes
% p4 sync -f argh.c # forcibly synchronize your file
# from the repository
% p4 diff -sr | p4 -x - revert
# throw away (opened but) unchanged files
# (in Perforce it's a little bit too easy
# to checkin unchanged files)
Integrate patch 12345 from the mainline to the maint-5.6 branch: (you have to in the directory that has both the mainline and the maint-5.6/perl as subdirectories)
% p4 integrate -d perl/...@12345,12345 maint-5.6/perl/...
Integrate patches 12347-12350 from the perlio branch to the mainline:
% p4 integrate -d perlio/...@12347,12350 perl/...
Contact Information
The mail alias <firstname.lastname@example.com> can be used to reach all current users of the repository.
The repository keeper is currently Philippe M. Chiasson <email@example.com>.
Malcolm Beattie, <firstname.lastname@example.com>, 24 June 1997.
Gurusamy Sarathy, <firstname.lastname@example.com>, 8 May 1999.
Slightly updated by Simon Cozens, <email@example.com>, 3 July 2000.
More updates by Jarkko Hietaniemi, <email@example.com>, 28 June 2001.
Perforce clarifications by Randall Gellens, <firstname.lastname@example.com>, 12 July 2001.
Windows-related updates by Steve Hay <firstname.lastname@example.com>, 23 July 2004 and 08 Aug 2005.


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American infidels can expect an "October Surpise" from al Qaeda.
Segway's owner died driving a Segway off a cliff.
A Buddhist monk made footprints in wood.
Read about Brazil's new president.
Sometimes men look like Kenny Rogers.
Sometimes the cops put a GPS unit on your car without a warrant.
Does the Super Stack mark the end of food stacking?
Ethnic mapping shows segregation in major US cities.
Attention Stargate fans. Both of you. You can buy authentic Stargate shit.
Newspapers make spelling errors. Schocking!
The Hobbit movie is in trouble.
Women apologize more than men. And don't you forget it.
Comic Greg Giraldo took too many pills.
Paris Hilton settled a lawsuit with Hallmark. She will take the stipulated amount in drugs.
Trapped Chilean miners can't drink or play video games.
The UN appoints Mazlan Othman as first contact for visiting aliens. I wonder if he's ever been to Dulce.
Obama's in the South Valley today.
22-year-old Lillie Jones died behind bars.
Did Ted Turner's ranch boss hold Bible classes?
You can listen to the Denish/Martinez Temple Albert debate.
Sophie's got some nice ABQ stories for you over at DCF.
It's Google's birthday, but there's no song for it. So it's Sean Cassidy's birthday. Ladies, please.

subset: commoncrawl


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Young Couples & Families
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Location: Room 141 (Sanctuary Building)


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We have listed all of the Battle Creek free food resources that we have found. This list is by no means all inclusive. We are always looking for more resources. If you know of a food resource that is not included here, please submit new food pantries, food coupon resources, food banks to our database by going to the ADD A LISTING link on the header of our website.
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text:
Finally I can find some time to blog and have something to share with you after a long break... I just finished a scarf during my Holiday of Dragon New Year. This is the first time I tried lace knitting, but this scarf turned out so beautiful in lavender and so soft! I just love, love, love it!!! I'm sure the photos did not treat it well!
I selected a pattern in my knitting book to make the scarf, called a "Cell Stitch". It's a simple combination between YO and K2TOG, but with this special type of yarn, it came out much over my expectation!
My friend Donna sent this yarn to me a while ago, she loves lavender color and generously shared it with me. It ruffles itself, and is very soft, especially it creates an amazing stretch for the scarf!!! I believe it made the scarf more special beside the stitches! Thank you, thank you so much my friend for giving me a great opportunity to experience this wonderful yarn, and in turn, this one will be another gift to be sent back to California! I'm more than happy with that!
I made a crochet chain for the edgings instead of adding fringe or tassel, as this kind of yarn unravels easily when cut in to a short piece, and the second reason is just to save yarn for the scarf body! :)
This scarf is really glamorous to me, so I hope she will love it and enjoy it as much as I do!
Best wishes, ♥


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Cutting defensive back Charles Woodson fits perfectly with the Packers' approach to the business of football. Using the franchise tag on receiver Greg Jennings doesn't.
But that's what the Packers are considering doing, according to Ian Rapoport of NFL Network. And that would cost the Packers more than $10 million in real dollars and cap dollars for 2013.
With Jennings turning 30 later this year and missing half of the 2012 regular season, spending that much money doesn't make much sense, given the way the Packers do business.
Moreover, the Packers have three receivers under contract who, according to one of them, each can generate more than 1,000 yards receiving in 2013.
So we'll believe that G.M. Ted Thompson will plunk down $10.36 million for an aging luxury when he does it. Until then, it just doesn't fit with how the Packers do things.
Even if they do it, it still doesn't fit.


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Stay at one of the most breathtaking spaces in downtown Louisville. This loft is located on one of the top two floors of a former industrial building. We boast 7 1/2+ ft windows with gorgeous views of the City, the Ohio River + the lush Floyds Knobs hills beyond. In each loft the furniture + open floor plan is configured to allow guests to have as many queen beds as they need while hosting friends + family in comfort. Our amenities are truly outstanding + we believe you will have an amazing time.
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A string of adjectives for you that describe my space. . . Sun-drenched, Modern, Urban + Industrial Chic. The open floor plan allows you to enjoy time together with your friends + the distinct spaces created using groupings of furniture allow you to have more intimate gatherings when you choose. The glazed concrete floors highlight the raw, industrial origin of the space while providing a luxurious feel. The carefully chosen decor creates a sumptuous interior for a truly comfortable stay in an edgy space.
This loft is 1 of 6 penthouse, north-facing + full riverview lofts in the historic Glassworks Building in downtown Louisville. Glassworks is a multi-use facility dedicated to the art of glass, featuring 2 working glass studios, 2 glass galleries, a walk-in workshop + daily tours. That gives you a lot to do before you even step outside the building.
We do offer some other spaces that you may be interested in...check out our listings VRBO # 4571953 + #653791 to see what else we offer….
We have the same amenities in all our lofts — the same bathroom, the same kitchen, the same couch, etc. The only difference (aside from decor) is size / square footage + number of bathrooms. Amazingly, there's even more information we could give you on our whole set-up + if you are interested in the overwhelming amount of details we have for you, just give us a holler y'all ;-D
DETAILS — In short, we customize the lofts to meet our guests' needs. The lofts are completely flexible furniture-wise, in no small part so that each guest can meet their particular objectives with the space. We find there are three types of guests: one that wants to stay within a particular budget for a large group, one that is a small group or couple seeking a luxurious + spacious vacation home in the heart of downtown Louisville + one that is seeking a Sweet Spot between the number of beds we can put in a loft + the amount of spaciousness we can provide. Whatever you desire, we can achieve!!
Sleeping — Sleeps up to 26 people (that's up to 12 queen-size beds + 1 super-massive, super-comfy couch at 2 people per bed/couch)
There are 2 distinct sleeping areas + because of the floor plan you can sleep up to 2 couples with visual privacy + up to 26 with less privacy. All of our beds are memory foam mattresses (topped with more memory foam!) + we have even more memory foam toppers on hand for people who almost want to suffocate in the plushness of all this memory foam. And for our firm-mattress fans, we can remove the memory foam toppers to make the bed less soft. Also, we wash all of our bedding including our quilts, blankets + body pillowcases each + every time. And we use 500 thread count sheets + mattress pads. Our apologies in advance for the trouble you are going to have getting yourself out of bed! But we're not sorry… we just love you that much!!
Bathroom — 1 Bathroom + for guest numbers above 6, access to a second bathroom (entry from the hallway) will be made available.
One of the first things you'll notice is stacks of plush, hotel-quality white towels… we've got your back on this! There is a shower with a tub, toilet, sink, mirror + several shelves for toiletries. In the shower you will find dispensers full of shampoo, conditioner + bath gel. On + in the vanity you will find hand soap, makeup removing pads, cotton balls, Q-tips + black washcloths for makeup removal.
Eating + Dining areas — Dining area seats 2-26+ people
Good news! We have the technology to set up a table to accommodate the size of your party, whatever that number may be!! Our tables fold down to accommodate parties as small as two + can be combined together to accommodate parties of almost any size. They are easy to move + can be put discreetly to the side when not in use. We also offer a combination of modern, sleek, stackable metal chairs + leather chairs (that are soft like butter).
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Entertaining + Lounging — Welcome to the Lounge Pit. . .
I have a large modular, gray leather, sectional sofa that can be set up as a very large + deep rectangular-shaped couch or as, what I believe is technically called, a Lounge Pit. It's a great spot to chill + watch a movie or two or even get some work done on your laptop. Speaking of getting work done, you will have high speed fiber WiFi coursing through your computer. But what will you listen to whilst you are trapped in the Lounge Pit? How about my iPhone/Android/iPad/Tablet/Whatever-System-You-Use-For-Music speakers. Yeah, I think that should about do it. Oh wait, there is an HDTV in said lounging area. Yep, that's to entertain you, the lounge-y one lounging in the Lounge Pit.
No smoking + no pets (I would get kicked out of my place + I know you don't want that ;-D)
Security Deposit + Rental Agreement required
Please read the house rules thoroughly before making a reservation. Thanks! Let's talk!!
This loft is a complete home (condo) that is 1,400 square feet. You will have access to everything inside your condo.
This is a secure building. Accordingly, access is provided with keycards that will be issued to you when you check in. One keycard for each guest in your party. Therefore, please be certain that you make your reservation for the correct number of people. Thanks!
I live in the building + have a team working with me, so either myself or my team will be nearby if needed.


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This had to be the first of many questions I had to ask myself as I embarked on the novel writing part of my PhD. But where to find the answers. Fortunately for me Ballarat has wonderful resources. There are several collections of memorabilia which can be accessed.
The Australiana Room of the Central Highlands Regional Library has books, newspapers and pamphlets pertaining to the history of the district and beyond from teh beginning of European settlement. it also has maps, directories, records of property ownership and the like, and all the local newspapers are on microfilm.
The Gold Museum houses the Ballarat Historical Society collection and has a wonderful photographic collection. The genealogists have more records and the Sovereign Hill Museum Association is a font of knowledge about what Ballarat was like in the first decade of gold. On top of that there is more information to be had from the historical societies in some of the little hamlets around Ballarat such as Buninyong and Woady Yallock.
Then there is the Ballarat Mechanics' Institute. There it is possible to read every newspaper ever printed in Ballarat in hard copy in the beautifully restored library and reading room. The Institute also boasts an extraordinary collection of books, newspapers and journals sourced from around the world for its members. This fine collection, now beautifully housed in the Old Mining Exchange contains many rare and hard to find volumes and is well worth seeing. There are tours of the Institute every Thursday and the building will be open all over Heritage Weekend, Saturday, May 7 and Sunday , May 8.
Ballarat Heritage Weekend
I am interested in bringing history to life through telling a story using fictional characters in a well researched historical plot. I am going to explore the historical fiction genre to see how useful it is in honing in on aspects of history which are often overlooked or brushed aside by mainstream historians.
Tuesday, May 3, 2011
What was happening in Ballarat once all the fuss of Eureka had died down?
2 comments:
Whoa. Good for you. Takes writing & research to a whole new level.
Sometimes I think the research is the best part of writing. I love the chase. It's like solving a mystery. You delve here and there for more information and one thing leads to another so your story takes on turns you never imagined possible before you started.ReplyDelete
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Fire engineering or fire protection engineering is a growing profession with new employment opportunities in various industries including the following areas: structural engineering firms, fire protection engineering consulting firms, fire departments, fire equipment and systems manufacturers, government, hospitals and health care facilities, insurance industry, research and testing laboratories, universities and colleges, entertainment industry, and forensic investigations.
Fire protection engineers are in high demand, well paid, and make the world a safer place. A career in fire protection also provides the opportunity for world travel and work in a variety of environments.
Bob Burkland, Owner, Healey Fire Protection, Inc.
The Master of Science in Fire Engineering (MSFE) program at Lawrence Tech is unique in that it focuses on the structural and material behavior when exposed to fire conditions and design codes and standards for resisting against a fire attack. Small-scale and large-scale test methods are introduced for material, component, and room fires. Test methods are evaluated using modern testing equipment including the Fire Testing Facility, Cone Calorimeter, Smoke Density, and Radiant Panel Flame Spread Apparatus which can collectively be used to evaluate the structural, flammability, smoke, and toxicity properties of materials and elements when exposed to fire. Classical courses in fire protection engineering that benefit the structural mindset are also required as core courses or as electives. These classical courses are related to fire behavior and to the design of fire protection systems. This program is open for students holding an engineering degree in the following disciplines or related disciplines; civil, mechanical, architectural.Currently, the College of Engineering at LTU has many unique programs that make a pre-eminent private technological university. The MSFE is a 30-credit program that includes 18 core credits of which include one graduate project in a cutting edge research area in fire-related engineering. Students will be exposed to Lawrence Tech's signature "theory and practice" approach to learning, through both technical and practical expertise.
In addition to the Master of Science in Fire Engineering, the department also offers a Graduate Certificate in Fire Engineering with a reduced curriculum. More information about this certificate program can be found here: http://www.ltu.edu/
The fire engineering program at Lawrence Tech provides a unique balance of fire application design not available within any other university in the country. Developed by faculty within the Department of Civil Engineering, the program revolves around the structural integrity of buildings exposed to fire and methods to mitigate localized failure or collapse of structural elements. However, the importance of fire-related design topics not traditionally related to but certainly important to structural performance cannot be overlooked. These topics include fire dynamics, design of active and passive fire protection systems, and human exposure. Therefore, the fire engineering program offers courses in a vast amount of subject areas and inherently becomes valuable for individuals with a background in numerous engineering disciplines including but not limited to; mechanical, structural, architectural, and fire protection. The fire engineering program will provide a competitive edge with a unique specialization for all engineers interested in furthering their education.
The Department of Civil Engineering currently has faculty with diverse structural material expertise including composites, steel, and reinforced concrete and experience testing each of these materials under fire conditions or under other sources of heat. The faculty is also familiar with various codes and standards associated with structural performance under elevated temperatures and fire protection of structural elements. LTU has been testing reinforced concrete, composite, and structural steel elements within the Fire Testing Facility (http://www.ltu.edu/cimr/firetest.asp) at the Center of Innovative Materials Research (CIMR) for some time. The Fire Testing Chamber has the capabilities of performing ASTM E119 "Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials" among other standards. The fire chamber uses natural gas flame jets and has the capacity of reaching a maximum temperature of 2,300 °F (1,260 °C).
Lawrence Tech also houses a variety of fire testing equipment used to evaluate the flammability, smoke, and toxicity (FST) properties of materials: the Cone Calorimeter which is one of the most widely used instruments for evaluating the flammability properties of materials include heat release rate, mass loss rate, and time to ignition; the Radiant Panel Flame Spread Apparatus which is used to measure flame spread; the Smoke Density Chamber which is used to determine the density of smoke in an enclosed environment; and finally the FTIR Spectrometer used to evaluate the hazardous toxic gases that and individuals would be exposed to when combustible materials ignite. LTU also has the capabilities of measuring similar properties for larger test setups such as a component or other collection of various materials.
Students must successfully complete thirty (30) credit hours. Three (3) credit hours are obtained from 4000 and higher level courses in mathematics, probability, statistics or programming. The selection of the three credits must be approved by the program director. The mathematics requirement may be waived if a student has already taken an applicable course. However, if the mathematics requirement is waived, the student must obtain an additional three elective credits from any approved graduate level courses either within the program or outside of the program.
Of the remaining twenty-seven (27) credit hours, eighteen (18) credit hours are obtained from core courses including four (4) 5000 level courses and two (2) 6000 level courses. These courses are listed below. A minimum of six (6) credit hours are obtained by selecting two of the five technical elective courses listed below. A maximum of three (3) credits may be applied as electives to the program either from the list below or from applicable graduate level courses within the civil, architectural, or mechanical engineering programs. The courses must be approved by the program director prior to considering them for the MSFE and must be related to core content. Overall, if the math credit has been pre-satisfied, as many as four courses may be selected from the list of elective courses below.
|Master of Science in Fire Engineering (MSFE)
|Core Courses
|Fundamentals of Fire Engineering
|Fire Dynamics
|Fire Modeling
|Fire Testing Methods for Materials
|FE Graduate Project
|Structural Analysis and Design for Fire Safety
|Elective Courses
|6 credits min.
|Large Scale Fire Testing Methods
|Fire Protection Systems
|Failure Analysis
|Fire Analysis and Design in Steel Structures
|Advanced Fire Engineering for Structural Applications
|Total Credit Hours
Admission to the MSCE/MCE program as a regular graduate student requires:
1) An earned B.S. degree in civil engineering, architectural engineering, or mechanical engineering (or equivalent) from an ABET-accredited undergraduate program;
2) Minimum undergraduate GPA of 3.00;
3) Demonstration of high potential for success based on the following documents
- Application for Graduate Admission;
- Three letters of recommendation (employers and professors are preferred);
- Official transcripts of all college work;
- Professional resume; and
- Statement of purpose (a one-page essay discussing what you plan to do with your degree).
The Program Director may allow provisional admission to applicants who do not meet all conditions for regular admission. A provisional student is typically granted regular status after receiving a minimum grade of "B" in three consecutive graduate level courses. The Program Director may require non-engineering graduates admitted to the program to pass additional courses at the undergraduate level.
For more information, contact Lawrence Tech's Office of Admissions at 800.225.5588 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
For specific questions regarding the Master of Science in Fire Engineering, contact Lawrence Tech's College of Engineering at 248.204.2500 or email@example.com.


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Gas, Department of[Record group 75]
- Alternative/Former Names
- Lighting, Bureau of;
Lighting and Gas, Bureau of
Agency Function
- This department has ceased to function. Its responsibilities have been largely assumed by the Street Lighting Division of the Department of Streets.
The Bureau of Lighting and Gas had charge of the gas and naphtha, and later the electric, street lights within the City of Philadelphia, purchased gas for the city's use, made tests of gas furnished to consumers by the City's gas works, and tested gas meters upon request.
- Agency History
- Upon the consolidation of the City and County in 1854, the Department of Gas was established to supervise the erection and removal of street lamps. (The Trustees of the Gas Works retained the actual operations of all City Gas Works.) When the Trustees were abolished in 1887 under the terms of the Bullitt Bill, the operation of the Works was transferred to the Bureau of Gas (the successor to the Department of Gas) within the Department of Public Works. An ordinance of 29 June1889 created the Bureau of Lighting within that Department and assumed the Bureau of Gas function of servicing the lamps. In 1897, the City contracted with the United Gas Improvement Company for the administration of the Works, the Bureau of Gas retaining inspectorial duties over UGI's performance. On 1 July 1932, the Bureau of Lighting and Gas was formed by merger from the two individual bureaus and controlled the erection and removal of street lamps, and in the following year received jurisdiction over electric street lamps from the Electrical Bureau of the Department of Public Safety. In 1937, the Gas Works lease was transferred to the Philadelphia Gas Works Company. With the adoption of the City Charter of 1951, the duties of the Bureau of Lighting and Gas were assumed by the Street Lighting Section of the Department of Streets.
- Archival Records
- 75.1 Correspondence (1885-1886)
75.2 Bureau of Gas. Annual Reports (1889, 1890, 1901, 1902, 1904-1908, 1910-1923)
75.3 Bureau of Gas. Gas Works Inventory (1887)
75.4 Bureau of Gas. Papers, Re Construction of the Gas Works, 25th Ward (1888-1889)
75.5 Bureau of Gas. "Title Papers" (1894)
75.6 Bureau of Gas. Papers Re Lease of Gas Works to United Gas Improvement Company (1897)
75.7 Bureau of Lighting and Gas. Annual Reports (1948)
75.8 Bureau of Lighting, Street Light Route Maps (ca. 1928)
75.9 Bureau of Lighting. Annual Reports (1889, 1911-1913, 1915-1923)
75.10 Bureau of Lighting. Report: Street Lighting by Gas and Gasoline (1914)
Click on a folder or file to return to that level...
PhILS Home
City Agencies
Current Agency Information Sheet. (Text-only version of this page)
Send your comments to email@example.com
Last updated on November 8, 2000


text:
Overall, commodity prices are still well below the 2008 peak, says Dale Cougot, senior economist for the National Cotton Council.
"Recovering global demand will push commodity prices higher, particularly oil. The Department of Energy's latest projections call for oil prices to moderately appreciate, averaging around $79 per barrel for the remainder of this year and going as high as $83 in 2011."
A number of commodities, such as cotton, can be extremely sensitive to changes in exchange rates, he notes. "The U.S. dollar is expected to remain relatively weak in coming months, particularly in emerging markets where cotton is purchased, which should be supportive of prices in the near future," he said at the annual joint meeting of the Southern Cotton Ginners Association and the Delta Council's Ginning and Cotton Quality Improvement Committee.
Except for a sharp dip in February, he says, cotton prices have stayed above 70 cents, with most of the activity between 74 cents and 80 cents per pound, and in late July gyrating around 73 cents.
"What the market is telling us is that a lot of cash in the funds has decided to go short. Once these technical charts get turned in a certain way, all of the electronic trading devices say 'sell, sell, sell,' and that will push the market down until the fundamentals come back into play."
For the 2010 marketing year, Cougot says, the USDA's projection is for 18.3 million bales of production, which would be 6.1 million above 2009. Mill use is stabilizing around 3.5 million. Exports, at 14.3 million bales, are strong compared to 2009's 12.25 million, while U.S. stocks are at 2.9 million and estimated to rise to about 3.5 million at the end of July 2011.
"World production, at 116 million bales, is sharply higher than 2009, reacting to tight supplies — but more importantly, to 80-cent cotton. However, with only a modest increase in mill use to 120 million bales, the expectation is for stocks to continue to hold around 50 million.
"Currently, the A Index is hovering above 85 cents. New York futures prices have been in a sideways trading pattern, dancing around the 80-cent level."
Based on the USDA's estimate of 18.3 million bales of cotton this year, cottonseed production should be about 5.6 million tons, Cougot says. "Spot prices have softened from the 2008 highs, but are still above historical averages and have recently seen increases. Going forward, though, prices will be heavily influenced by the grain and oilseed markets."
In coming months, Cougot says, factors to watch as influences on the cotton market include:
• The balance sheet of competing crops, not just cotton.
• Consumer confidence and growing demand.
• The status of the tax credit for ethanol, which could affect crop choices for growers.
• China, "with a focus on what they're doing, not what they're saying — especially when they start buying cotton."
• Cash flow in the investment world, as funds start moving from bonds to equities and commodities.
And, he says, producers should monitor balance sheets for all crops to be sure "we don't get so caught up in the technical factors that we end up being shocked by the fundamentals."
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Difference between revisions of "KDE"
m (→How to enable Cpufreq based powersaving)
(→KDE 4.5 Arch Linux Notes)
|Line 26:
|Line 26:
=== KDE 4.5 Arch Linux packaging specific info ===
=== KDE 4.5 Arch Linux packaging specific info ===
* KDEpim has seen no new release, please continue to use version 4.4.
* KDEpim has seen no new release, please continue to use version 4.4.until KDEpim 4.5 is released.
* Due to incompatibility with ruby 1.9, ruby kdebindings are not provided
* Due to incompatibility with ruby 1.9, ruby kdebindings are not provided
* Webkit support in konqueror is provided by kwebkitpart
* Webkit support in konqueror is provided by kwebkitpart
* KDM is now started
* KDM is now started the kdm user
* Upstream removed five translations: csb, mai, mk, si and tg
* Upstream removed five translations: csb, mai, mk, si and tg
Revision as of 08:02, 9 November 2010
Template:Article summary start Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary end
- 1 KDE 4.5 Arch Linux Notes
- 2 Installing KDE 4.5 Software Compilation
- 3 Starting KDE
- 4 Configuring
- 4.1 Personalization
- 4.1.1 Plasma Desktop
- 4.1.2 Window Decorations
- 4.1.3 KDE 4 Theme Integration with GTK Applications
- 4.1.4 Icon Themes
- 4.1.5 Arch Linux Logo Icon in Kicker menu
- 4.1.6 Fonts
- 4.1.7 Space efficiency
- 4.2 Networking/Printing
- 4.3 Samba/Windows support
- 4.4 KDE Desktop Activities
- 4.5 Powersaving
- 4.1 Personalization
- 5 System Administration
- 6 Desktop Search and Semantic Desktop
- 7 KDM (KDE Desktop Manager)
- 8 Phonon
- 9 Using WebKit in Konqueror
- 10 Troubleshooting
- 10.1 KHotkeys issue
- 10.2 Enabling thumbnails under Konqueror and Dolphin file managers
- 10.3 I encounter problems with automounting (or) KDE behaves strangely for no apparent reason
- 10.4 Suspend to Disk/Ram not working
- 10.5 Graphical related issues
- 10.5.1 Low 2D desktop performance (or) Artifacts appear when on 2D
- 10.5.2 Konsole is slow in applications like vim
- 10.5.3 Low 3D desktop performance
- 10.5.4 Desktop compositing is disabled on my system with a modern Nvidia GPU
- 10.5.5 Flickering in fullscreen when compositing is enabled
- 10.6 Sound problems under KDE
- 10.7 Arch linux specific packaging issues
- 10.8 I wanted a minimal installation of KDE. After I installed some packages and logged in KDE, there are no panels
- 10.9 I want a fresh installation of KDE for my system. What should I do ?
- 10.10 Plasma desktop behaves strangely
- 11 Other KDE projects
- 11.1 The Chakra Project
- 11.2 KDE unstable
- 11.3 KDE Legacy
- 12 Bugs
- 13 External Links
KDE 4.5 Arch Linux Notes
KDE 4.5 Software Compilation is the current major release of KDE that includes a number of improvements and bug fixes. The new Arch package set for KDE makes it possible to only install those applications you like.
Important features of the Arch Linux KDE SC in short:
- Split packages; for more Information see KDE Packages and Splitting KDE.
- You can use different Phonon backends, like Gstreamer or Xine
- Meta packages ensure a smooth upgrade and emulate the old monolith packages for those who prefer them.
Important hints for upgraders:
- Always check if your mirror is up to date.
- pacman will ask you to replace all kde packages with kde-meta packages.
- Do not force an update. If pacman complains about conflicts please file a bug report.
- You can remove the meta packages and the sub packages you do not need after the update.
- If you do not like split packages just keep using the kde-meta packages.
- Information about upstream changes are be available here
KDE 4.5 Arch Linux packaging specific info
- KDEpim has seen no new release, please continue to use version 4.4.x until (or if) KDEpim 4.5 is released.
- Due to incompatibility with ruby 1.9, ruby kdebindings are not provided on the official repos.
- Webkit support in konqueror is provided by kwebkitpart
- KDM is now started by the kdm user
- Upstream removed five translations: csb, mai, mk, si and tg
Installing KDE 4.5 Software Compilation
Installing full KDE SC
To install the entire KDE set, first fully upgrade your system:
pacman -Syu
and then:
pacman -S kde phonon-xine
If you need language files:
pacman -S kde-l10n-yourlanguagehere
e.g. kde-l10n-de, for the German language.
Minimal Install
If you want to have a minimal installation of the KDE SC, here is an example:
pacman -S kdebase kde-l10n-yourlanguagehere phonon-xine
Starting KDE
Starting KDE depends on your preferences. Basically there are two ways of starting KDE. Using KDM or xinitrc.
Using KDM (KDE Display Manager)
It is highly recommended to get familiar with the full article concerning display managers, before you make any changes. See also KDM Wiki page.
Starting KDM as a daemon
Add "kdm" (without the quotes) to daemons array in Template:Filename
DAEMONS=(dbus hal syslog-ng network netfs crond ... kdm)
Starting KDM through /etc/inittab [preferable]
Edit Template:Filename and comment out:
#id:3:initdefault: [...] #x:5:respawn:/usr/bin/xdm -nodaemon
Then uncomment:
id:5:initdefault: [...] x:5:respawn:/usr/bin/kdm -nodaemon
Using xinitrc
The meaning and usage of xinitrc is very well described here.
Edit Template:FilenameTemplate:FilenameTemplate:Filename. Then uncomment:
exec ck-launch-session startkde
After a reboot or/and login, each execution of Xorg (startx or xinit) will start KDE automatically.
For other personalization options not covered below such as activities, different wallpapers on one cube, etc please refer to the Plasma wiki page.
How to set up the KDE desktop to your personal style; use different Plasma themes, window decorations and icon themes.
Plasma Desktop
Plasma is a desktop integration technology that provides many functions from displaying the wallpaper, adding widgets to the desktop, and handling the panels or "taskbar".
Plasma themes can be installed through the Desktop Settings control panel. Plasma themes define how your panels and plasmoids look like. If you like to have them installed system-wide, themes can be found in both the official repositories and AUR.
Plasmoids are little scripted or coded KDE apps that enhance the functionality of your deskop in a yet very pleasing way, based on the Plasma technology of KDE. You are able to display system-critical information like left over disk space or monitor/modify your network connection. It also allows all kinds of other widgets, like displaying the weather, a widget for easily pasting images to a pastebin website, or having collections of virtual folders "folderview". Just to name a few.
The easiest way to install more widgets is by left-clicking onto a panel or the desktop:
Add Widgets -> Get new Widgets -> Download Widgets
You should be aware that these widgets are not created officially by KDE developers. Most of them are just people who wanted to script one (easily) to suit a need they had.
It may be of interest to you that many different widget types are supported (not just our own "plasmoids" or widgets). Plasma can use all kinds of widgets, from MacOSX widgets, Microsoft Windows Vista/7 widgets, Google Widgets, and even the old system - SuperKaramba - widgets. You should however, prefer Plasma widgets to other ones, since they provide more thorough integration and are prepared to be on the KDE desktop.
This will present a nice frontend for kde-look.org and allows you to (un)install or update third-party widgets with just one click. They are also available in the repositories.
One thing to keep in mind, is that when a third-part developers creates a C++ widgets which has severe bugs in it, it could potentially bring down the Plasma process (crashing it). Scripted ones are sandboxed and this cannot happen. If it does crash - no worries, just remove the widget.
Window Decorations
Window decorations can be changed in
System Settings -> Application Appearance -> Style
There you can also directly download and install more themes with one click and some are available on AUR.
KDE 4 Theme Integration with GTK Applications
To better integrate GTK and KDE 4 themes, you can use QtCurve.
pacman -S qtcurve-gtk2 qtcurve-kde4 gtk-kde4
Or you can download a GTK theme that matches your version of KDE here. This theme comes closer to the original Oxygen and is updated frequently.
Automatic procedure
To change the GTK theme to QtCurve or something else a few applications are available:
pacman -S lxappearance pacman -S gtk-theme-switch2 pacman -S gtk-chtheme
Then change the theme of your choice in the respective application:
lxappearance gtk-theme-switch2 gtk-chtheme
Manual procedure
To manually change the GTK theme to QtCurve, you need to create the file Template:Filename with the following content:
include "/usr/share/themes/QtCurve/gtk-2.0/gtkrc" include "/etc/gtk-2.0/gtkrc" style "user-font" { font_name="Sans Serif" } widget_class "*" style "user-font" gtk-theme-name="QtCurve"
Then you need to create the symbolic link Template:Filename:
ln -s .gtkrc-2.0-kde4 .gtkrc-2.0
If you want also specify a font, you can add (and adapt) the following line to the file:
gtk-font-name="Sans Serif 9"
If you're using Oxygen icons and want a consistent look in GTK open/save dialogs, you can install an oxygenrefit2 icon theme from AUR and set it as your GTK icon theme. Add the theme to the Template:Filename file or you can use lxappearance and set it.
There are also a couple GTK themes built on the gtk-kde42-oxygen-theme Oxygen style that can also do this.
Icon Themes
Not many full system icons themes are available for KDE 4. You can open up System Settings > Application Appearance > Icons and browse for new ones or install them manually. Many of them can be found on kde-look.org.
Right-Click on the Kicker menu button, press "Application launcher settings" and then press the icon on the right. Then you may choose Arch Linux icon or any other icon that will replace the default one.
Alternatively, install archlinux-themes-kde from extra and select the Arch icon theme in System Settings->Application Appearance->Icons.
If by default, the fonts in KDE look poor, try installing the ttf-dejavu and ttf-liberation packages. After the installation, be sure to log out and back in. You should not have to modify any settings in the "Fonts" panel of the KDE System Settings application.
If you have personally set up how your Fonts render, be aware that System Settings may alter their appearance. When you go System Settings > Appearance > Fonts System Settings will likely alter your font configuration file (Template:Filename). There is no way to prevent this but if you set the values to match your Template:Filename file the expected font rendering will return (it will require you to restart your application or in a few cases for you to have to restart your desktop). Note too that Gnomes' Font Preferences will also do this if you use both desktop environments.
Space efficiency
KDE is often critizised for being bloated. The user might get this perception from seeing many toolbars and pretty big scaled icons in the applications. One thing that improved the situation was the new Kwin-Theme that came with KDE SC 4.4.* with the more elegant buttons that one can also resize. KDE Apps allows to hide many toolbars, menubars and statusbars.
All sorts of *bars
Most toolbars of a program can be removed in the menubar-entry "Settings". There you often can hide the statusbar and often all toolbars. The last step should be to remove the menubar itself via Ctrl + M. If you do not want to remove any bars you can still make them smaller or remove the text via:
System-Settings -> Appearance -> Style -> Tab "Finetuning" -> "Main toolbar text", "secondary toolbar text"
Since most aspect ratios of modern flat screens are wider than 4:3 it could be reasonable to put the toolbar at the left or right of a window to artificially stretch windows more to the monitors aspect ratio.
There are also some settings and modifications you can apply to your plasmoids to make KDE less space wasting. For example, the "Digital Clock" wastes more space than the "Analogue Clock". The little plasma icon ("Casheew") that one can see in the panel can be hidden by locking the widgets via rightklicking onto the panel. If you have got many tasks in your task-manager you should consider using Smooth-tasks. This alternative task-manager allows you to just display the icons of a task thus using less space but still maintaining the ability of the user to distinguish the different tasks.
Install smooth-tasks from the AUR.
After installing and substituting it with the original task-manager you should have a deep look at the settings since they are much broader. one way of using the features of smooth-tasks could be to only display the icons of tasks and move the panel to the left or right of the screen. This is most usefull on widescreens. On very small screens it could be reasonable to set the bottom-panel to auto-hide completely. For netbooks there exists a special form factor to make a better use of the screen:
System-Settings -> Desktop -> Workspace -> Form factor
The windows decorations can also be resized by making the buttons in the decoration smaller thus making the whole top border smaller:
System Settings -> Appearance -> Windows -> Button size
You could also remove the side-border of all windows via:
System Settings -> Appearance -> Windows -> Border size
NetworkManager support has been added in KDE 4.5 SC. See NetworkManager for more information.
Samba/Windows support
If you want to have access to Windows services:
pacman -S samba
You may then configure your Samba shares through
System Settings > Sharing > Samba
KDE Desktop Activities
KDE are Plasma based "virtual desktop"-like set of Plasma Widgets where you can independently configure widgets as if you had more than one screens/desktops. Since KDE 4.5, the feature of changing Desktop Activities has been simplified.
On your desktop, click the Cashew Plasmoid and on the pop-up window press "Activities".
A plasma bar will appear at the bottom of the screen which presents you the current Plasma Desktop Activities which exist. You can then navigate between them by pressing their correspondent icon.
KDE has integrated Powersaving service called "Powerdevil Power Management" that may adjust the powersaving profile of the system or/and the brightness of the screen (if supported).
How to enable generic powersaving
Navigate to Systemsettings > Power Management In Profile Management, in "When AC adaptor is plugged in" (or the battery option) choose "Powersave" In "Edit Profiles" > "Powersave", tick the "Enable System power saving", and then press apply.
How to enable Cpufreq based powersaving
Since KDE 4.5, Powerdevil doesn't handle CPU power schemes through Cpufreq. CPU is being used by using the hardware or/and kernel "ondemand" governor power scheme and that's the official way to have the system's power management handled, according to the guidelines by the kernel power-management devs.
If you do want, you still can use Cpufreq for your system which is accessible through the Solid Device Framework.
So in order to do that, follow these steps:
1. You need to create a script for every Cpufreq governor you want to be used. In this example, you will now create a script to enable the powersaving governor.
Create a script in /usr/bin
# touch /usr/bin/kde-cpufreq-powersave
Add these in the script
#!/bin/bash solid-powermanagement set cpufreq powersave
Make it executable
# chmod +x /usr/bin/kde-cpufreq-powersave
2. Install cpufrequtils
pacman -S cpufrequtils
and make sure you have your CPU's cpufreq module loaded. For more information on this, visit this article.
3. Then, in System Settings > Power Management, go to "Edit Profiles" > "Powersave", and make sure that "Enable System power saving" is enabled.
After that, press the file dialog button next to the phrase "When loading profile execute" and choose the script you have just created. Now, each time you choose the Powersaving profile through Powerdevil, Cpufreq will force the powersaving governor.
You can do the same for other profiles and governors.
System Administration
Set keyboard layout in order switch language inputs
In order to do that, navigate to
System Settings > Input Devices > Keyboard
There you may choose your keyboard model at first.
In the "Layouts" tab, you choose the languages you may want to use by pressing the "Add Layout" button and therefore the variant and the language. In the "Advanced" tab, you can choose the keyboard combination you want in order to change the layouts in the "Key(s) to change layout" sub-menu.
Terminate Xorg-server through KDE system settings
Navigate to
System Settings > Input Devices > Keyboard > Advanced (tab) > "Key Sequence to terminate X server" submenu
and tick the checkbox.
Desktop Search and Semantic Desktop
Most users who freshly install KDE are wondering what functionality the following four pieces of software are able to offer. Most features are still somehow hidden under the hood and yet not many applications featured in the KDE SC are using these interfaces. This capter intends to first explain the features and then convince the user of the power these tools offer once properly integrated into KDE. The following sections are more or less a roughly shortened version of [this blogpost.
Soprano is a library for QT that is able to process RDF data. This is semantic data. Semantic data is a special kind of metadata which is much more flexible than metadata you might know from MP3-Tags or Meta-Tags in HTML since RDF data more resembles the structure of a spoken sentence, thus allowing a much wider field of ways dealing with them. Soprano stores semantic data in a backend and allows low level access to this data.
Nepomuk is somehow the glue between Soprano and the KDE Desktop and thus the user. Nepomuk allows to tag the files with various entries and offers an API for the applications featured in KDE SC. It is enabled by default. Nepomuk can be turned on and off in
System Settings -> "Advanced" Tab -> Desktop Search
Akonadi is one of the ways of getting data into Nepomuk. Its intention is to gather all kinds of PIM data from KMail, KAdressbook or Kopete. It collects chat contacts, email adresses, email attachments and email contents. First of all it feeds Nepomuk with this data but moreover does also provide a centralized accesspoint for all this data.
Strigi Search
Strigi is another way of feeding data into Nepomuk. It preverably indexes the users home-folder. Indexing means that it not only gathers filenames but also information about your music collection or tagged downloads you did with Kget. The Strigi search is also integrated into KDEs launcher which can be accessed via: Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress
By default, Dolphin has a search bar on top-right where you may type what you want to be found from Strigi's index.
Strigi folder indexing can be configured in:
System Settings -> "Advanced" Tab -> Desktop Search
KDM (KDE Desktop Manager)
KDM Xserver file
An example configuration for KDM can be found at /usr/share/config/kdm/kdmrc. See /usr/share/doc/HTML/en/kdm/kdmrc-ref.docbook for all options.
Configuring KDM
You can visit System Settings > Login Screen and make your changes. Whenever you press "Apply", a KDE Polkit authorisation window appears which will ask you to give your root password in order to finish the changes.
Problems while Configuring KDM as a user
If you seem not to be able to KDM settings when launching System Settings as user, press
Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress
and type
kdesu systemsettings
In the pop-up kdesu window, enter your root password and wait for System Settings to be launched.
In the System Settings window, go to Login Screen.
What is Phonon ?
Phonon is the multimedia API for KDE 4. Phonon was created to allow KDE 4 to be independent of any single multimedia framework such as GStreamer or xine and to provide a stable API for KDE 4's lifetime. It was done for various reasons: to create a simple KDE/Qt style multimedia API, to better support native multimedia frameworks on Windows and Mac OS X, and to fix problems of frameworks becoming unmaintained or having API or ABI instability.
from Wikipedia.
Phonon is being widely used within KDE, for both audio (e.g., the System notifications or KDE audio apps) and video (e.g., the Dolphin video thumbnails).
Which backend should I choose ?
You can choose between various backends, like Gstreamer, Xine ( phonon-xine ) or VLC ( phonon-vlc ).
Using WebKit in Konqueror
What is WebKit ?
WebKit is an open source browser engine developped by Apple Inc. It is used by Safari and Google Chrome. WebKit is a derivative from the KHTML and KJS libraries and contain many improvements.
How to use in konqueror
It is possible to use WebKit in Konqueror instead of KHTML. First install the kwebkitpart package :
pacman -S kwebkitpart
Then execute the following command
keditfiletype text/html
In the window that opens go to the "Embedding" tab. Move the entry "WebKit" up to the top of the list and then hit the "OK" button and restart Konqueror.
KHotkeys issue
Ιf khotkeys does not work, make sure you have a fully updated system first. You can also create ~/.kde4/Autostart/reloadkhotkeys.sh with contents
#!/bin/bash (sleep 3 && qdbus org.kde.kded /modules/khotkeys reread_configuration) &
and then do a
chmod u+x ~/.kde4/Autostart/reloadkhotkeys.sh
then logout & login.
Enabling thumbnails under Konqueror and Dolphin file managers
For thumbnails of videos in konqueror and dolphin:
pacman -S kdemultimedia-mplayerthumbs
I encounter problems with automounting (or) KDE behaves strangely for no apparent reason
Since the new X-Server 1.8 arrived in the stable repos some users got the impression that HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer) might not be needed anymore at all. But for a fully functional KDE-Desktop it is neccessary to run hal:
/etc/rc.d/hal start
For ease of use you should add it to your daemons list in /etc/rc.conf:
DAEMONS=( .. @hal ..)
It is no problem to start HAL in the background to shave some time of boot. If you are using udev to automatically mount your drives with an udev-rule without running hal you should take note of the fact that these mounted drives will not be recognized by KDE. So no entry of this device will show up in Dolphin and Device Notifier won't notify you either.
Suspend to Disk/Ram not working
If suspend to disk/ram does not work the be sure hal is running, also make sure you are in the power group (remember to logout) Also, if you are starting KDE with startx try adding ck-launch-session to the .xinitrc, as so:
#!/bin/sh # # ~/.xinitrc # # Executed by startx (run your window manager from here) # exec gnome-session exec ck-launch-session startkde # exec startxfce4 # ...or the Window Manager of your choice
This is done automatically with kdm.
Low 2D desktop performance (or) Artifacts appear when on 2D
GPU driver problem
Make sure you have the proper driver for your card installed, so that your desktop is at least 2D accelerated. Follow these articles for more information: ATI, NVIDIA, Intel for more information, in order to make sure that everything is all right. The open-source ATI and Intel drivers and the proprietary (binary) Nvidia driver should theoretically provide the best 2D and 3D acceleration.
The Raster engine workaround
If this doesn't solve your problems, maybe your driver doesn't provide a good XRender acceleration which the current Qt painter engine relies on by default. You can change the painter engine to software based only by invoking the application with the "-graphicssystem raster" command line. This rendering engine can be set as the default one by recompiling Qt with the same as configure option, "-graphicssystem raster". The raster paint engine enables the CPU to do the majority of the painting, as opposed to the GPU. You may get better performance, depending on your system. This is basically a work-around for the terrible Linux driver stack, since the CPU should obviously not be doing graphical computations since it is designed for fewer threads of greater complexity, as opposed to the GPU which is many threads but lesser computational strength.
Since Qt 4.7+, recompiling Qt is not needed. Simply export QT_GRAPHICSSYSTEM=raster, or "opengl", or "native" (for the default). Raster depends on the CPU, OpenGL depends on the GPU and high driver support (it's buggy and highly in development, so I wouldn't expect it to work), and Native is just using the X11 rendering (mixture, usually).
The best and automatic way to do that is to install kcm-qt-graphicsssystem from AUR and configure this particular Qt setting through
System Settings > Qt Graphics System
For more information, consult this KDE Developer blog entry and/or this Qt Developer blog entry.
Konsole is slow in applications like vim
This is a problem that is caused by slow glyph rendering. You can solve this by switching to a scalable font like Bitstream Vera Sans Mono.
Low 3D desktop performance
KDE begins with desktop effects enabled. Older cards may be insufficient for 3D desktop acceleration. You can disable desktop effects in
System Settings > Desktop
or you can toggle desktop effects with Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress
Desktop compositing is disabled on my system with a modern Nvidia GPU
Sometimes, KWin may have settings in it's configuration file (kwinrc) that may cause a problem on re-activating the 3D desktop OpenGL compositing. That could be caused randomly (for example, due to a sudden Xorg crash or restart, and it gets corrupted), so, in case that happens, delete your ~/.kde4/share/config/kwinrc file and relogin. The KWin settings will turn to the KDE default ones and the problem should be probably gone.
Flickering in fullscreen when compositing is enabled
According to https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/KDE/How_to_reduce_fullscreen_flicker :
Press Alt+F2 and run:
kwriteconfig --file kwinrc --group Compositing --key UnredirectFullscreen --type bool false
Apply the changes by pressing Alt+F2 and running:
qdbus org.kde.kwin /KWin reconfigure
This forces KWin not to use window unredirection but can affect performance of fullscreen OpenGL applications when desktop effects are enabled. Desktop effects can be suspended to prevent performance issues (press Alt+Shift+F12) before running such applications.
See https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=177495
KDE 4.5 specific graphics' issues
Many users who use the ATI and Intel open-source drivers have encountered several performance regressions with the latest KWin update in KDE 4.5. Please try one of the following workarounds (in order of merit) if you have such a problem (via System Settings > Desktop Effects > Advanced):
- Add export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 to /etc/profile
- Optionally (because the above already forces this), uncheck Enable direct rendering under OpenGL Options
- Reboot (and we do mean reboot - don't try to restart the X server)
- This effectively disables Direct Rendering and may affect other OpenGL applications negatively
- Use XRender as the Compositing type
- Disable Desktop Effects (compositing) altogether
- the best way to achieve this appears to be to disable compositing in xorg.conf by adding
Section "Extensions" Option "Composite" "Disable" EndSection
See upstream bug report: https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=241402
Sound problems under KDE
"Falling back to default" messages when trying to listen to any sound in KDE
When you encounter such messages:
- The audio playback device <name-of-the-sound-device> does not work.
- Falling back to default
Go to
System Settings > Multimedia
and set the device named "default" above all the other devices in each box you see.
I cannot play mp3 files when having Gstreamer backend in Qt Phonon
That can be solved by installing gstreamer0.10-plugins
pacman -S gstreamer0.10-plugins
You can also change the backend used by Phonon, by installing the phonon-xine
pacman -S phonon-xine
if you encounter problems that are not solved after installing gstreamer plugins. Then choose Xine in
System Settings > Multimedia > Backend (tab)
(it may have been autoselected after installing phonon-xine)
Amarok "waits" before playing any track
If you have encountered this error, the problem is backend specific. In order to solve this problem, change Amarok's backend from gstreamer to xine.
If you have OSS4 installed and encounter any problems you should be aware that developers of Kmix are still integrating OSSv4 support. There is an AUR package that is still experimental. Arch uses phonon with the Gstreamer backend that should work for most applications. Alternately you could try phonon with Xine.
Arch linux specific packaging issues
Due to some upgrades on the packages or a newer versioned pacman with bugs (pft, like there are any ;) there could be some problems during upgrading. Please read the sections below, if you have a problem.
I wanted a minimal installation of KDE. After I installed some packages and logged in KDE, there are no panels
If you wanted a minimal installation of KDE, logged in, heard the login sound but nothing else happened, you may not have installed the Plasma binaries. These are included in
Install this package and restart Xorg.
I want a fresh installation of KDE for my system. What should I do ?
Just rename the settings directory of KDE (just in case you'll want to go back to your original settings):
mv ~/.kde4 ~/.kde4-backup
Plasma desktop behaves strangely
Plasma issues are usually caused by unstable plasmoids or plasma themes. First, find which was the last plasmoid or plasma theme you had installed and disable it or uninstall it.
So, if your desktop suddenly exhibits "locking up", this is likely caused by a faulty installed widget. If you cannot remember which widget you installed before the problem began(sometimes it can be an irregular problem), try to track it down by removing each widget until the problem ceases. Then you can uninstall the widget, and file a bug report (bugs.kde.org) only if it is an official widget. If it is not, I recommend you find the entry on kde-look.org and inform the developer of that widget about the issue (detailing steps to reproduce, etc).
If you cannot find the problem, but you do not want all the KDE settings to be lost, do:
rm -r ~/.kde4/share/config/plasma*
This command will delete all plasma related configs of your user and when you will relogin into KDE, you will have the default settings back. You should know that this action cannot be undone. You ought to create a backup folder and copy all the plasma related configs in it.
Other KDE projects
The Chakra Project
Split KDE packages
The Chakra Project is a community-based modular version of KDE 4 and Live CD project, which includes a number of UI enhancements for KDE 4.x. Visit the Chakra Project Wiki main page for more information.
Chakra Project Arch Live CD
The Chakra Project also provides a full featured Live CD, which has the latest stable KDEmod4 packages included. You may visit the Chakra Project Live CD webpage in order to find more information.
Passing from KDEmod to [extra]'s KDE
Both flavours of KDE provide the same Desktop Environment, so if you install the one or the other, in the same upstream version, there should not be any problem regarding plasmoids, themes, styles or any KDE related application.
So, if you want, for any reason, to pass from KDEmod to [extra]'s KDE, do:
pacman -Rd kdemod
pacman -Rd kdemod-uninstall
and it should be removed, but with the -d argument, the KDE dependent packages are not uninstalled, but only the Desktop Environment. But, if you want to completelly remove any KDEmod specific application/plasmoid/style etc too, do
pacman -Rcns kdemod
and then make sure that everything has been uninstalled:
pacman -Q | grep kde
After this, you may have KDEmod uninstalled.
Then, follow this.
KDE unstable
KDEmod testing/unstable
You may visit this webpage and see which repos can you add in pacman.conf in order to test the KDEmod unstable packages.
KDE unstable (snapshot)
Unofficial kde-unstable
The member ProgDan has created a repo where he uploads the testing KDE packages when a new upstream snapshot is out. You may visit this topic for more information.
Semi-official kde-unstable
When KDE is reaching beta or RC milestone, KDE "unstable" packages are uploaded to the [kde-unstable] repo.
You may add it by adding:
[kde-unstable] Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
They stay there until KDE is declared stable and passes to [extra].
Make sure you make bug reports if you find any issues.
Read this section in the wiki as well.
KDE Legacy
Downgrading to KDEmod3 from KDE 4
For those people who decide that KDE 4 is still not yet "ready" for them, there is a website about how to downgrade to a version of KDE 3.5 called kdemod3:
Warning: There have been issues reported regarding Libjpeg7, that caused KDEmod3 to behave strangely. In order to solve that, install libjpeg6 libpng12 from AUR. The libs libjpeg6 and libpng12 can be safely installed along side the current libraries. You will also want to update poppler-qt3 from AUR. The only conflict you will find is a conflict between poppler and poppler-qt3 during poppler updates. poppler-qt3 is a dependency for the kdemod3-kdegraphics-kpdf package, but as a work-around you can simply remove poppler-qt3 with the --nodeps flag, complete the Arch update of poppler and then reinstall poppler-qt3. More info here
Unofficial community repository for KDEmod3
In this thread you may find info on a rebuild of the unsupported KDEmod3.
Common bugs
If you think you found something that seems like bug, please see Common_Issues and regarding that: KDE 4 config files are usually located at
and for app-specific configs
Distro and Upstream bug report
It is preferrable that if you find a minor or serious bug, you should visit the Arch Bug Tracker or/and KDE Bug Tracker in order to report that. Make sure that you be clear on what you want to report.
If you have any issue and you write about in on the Arch forums, first make sure that you have FULLY updated your system using a good sync mirror (check here) or try reflector.


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Things To Do This Weekend In East Texas– Oct 22
The week is drawing to a close and it's time to figure out how you are going to spend this upcoming fall weekend. Whether you want to spend it outside in the beautiful fall weather, or staying out of the cool and hanging on the inside, we found something for everyone. From the arts to music, sports to haunted houses, you're bound to find something to keep you entertained. Here is a list of things going on around East Texas this weekend.
- 5
East Texas Yamboree - Gilmer
It's time for the 74th Annual East Texas Yamboree in Glimer. Go out and experience tons of dancing, shows, food, and musical entertainment. This year hometown boy Curtis Grimes will be hitting the stage, opening for country music star Josh Gracin. Here is the schedule of events for Saturday.
Saturday, October 22nd
8:00am Jr. Beef Judging
8:00am - 10:00am Antique/Classic Car Show @ W. Cass St.
9:00 am All Exhibits Open (YP)
Bandstand Opens (CS)
10:00am Fiddler's Contest Registration @ the Bandstand (CS)
Carnival Opens (CS)
10:30am Museum Opens - Queen's Gown Display 11:00am Queen's Parade (CS)
11:00am - 2:00pm Yamboree Barbeque (YP)
12:00noon Gospel Stage Opens (CC)
1:00pm Fiddler's Contest @ Bandstand (CS)
Marching Contest (HS)
Bottle Fed Class (YP)
2:00pm Livestock Sale (YP)
8:00pm Barn Dance (featuring Curtis Grimes and Josh Gracin) (TSG)
8:30pm Street Dance @ Bandstand (CS)
- 4
Friday Night Football
The season is nearing a close and it's time to get out to one of the local East Texas football games. We put together a list of games this weekend for you.
- 3
Bergfeld Movie In The Park
The Tyler Parks and Recreation Department will continue the 2011 Fall Movies in the Park Series on Saturday, Oct. 22 with a free viewing of "Roman Holiday" in the Bergfeld Park amphitheater at 7:30 p.m.
- 2
Haunted Houses
We're one week away from Halloween, and it's time to get into the spirit if you havent yet. We put together a list of haunted houses for you to choose from.
- 1
Beauty And The Beast at UT Tyler
The UT Tyler Cowan Center is bringing the beloved Disney classic 'Beauty and the Beast' to town as part of its Broadway Series. There are two shows this Saturday, October 22- 2:00 pm and 7:30 pm.


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1961 British Guiana
1964 Bermuda
1967 Antigua
1960 El Salvador
1941 Bohemia & Moravia
1964 Bechuanaland Protectorate
1963 Fiji
1964 Gibraltar
1981 British Antarctic Territory
1964 Antigua
1979 Algeria
1969 Barbados
1958 Bechuanaland Protectorate
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"What I Learn From Patients"By Erin Riley, PTBrain Injury, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital BostonSpaulding has afforded me with incredible opportunities for career growth and educational advancement while working as a physical therapist on the brain injury service. I consider myself lucky to be surrounded by intelligent, giving, and motivated colleagues on a daily basis. However, the most meaningful aspect of my job is what I learn from the patients I work with. I truly believe a clinician can have all the professional success and achievements in the world, but what really translates into the quality of care we give is what we learn from the people we care for.
One of these people that specifically stands out in my mind and brings a smile to my face is Talia. Several years ago I first read her medical record before performing my physical therapy evaluation. I was accustomed to treating people with traumatic experiences and severe injuries, but I specifically remember reading her record and feeling more affected than usual. Perhaps it was because we were close in age or came from a similar background. She was traveling alone at night in an SUV on a Wyoming highway and lost control of her SUV. She was ejected from the car on impact with an obstacle in the road, and was not rescued for several hours. She sustained a serious brain injury along with multiple orthopaedic fractures and a collapsed lung. After three weeks in acute care, she was flown to Spaulding to be closer to her immediate family for rehabilitation.
After reading Talia's list of injuries, I was expecting to walk into her room and encounter a severely impaired individual. I did not anticipate she would understand her surroundings or the purpose of our time together. She had a tracheostomy tube and would not be able to speak, so I also expected communication to be somewhat limited. The first thing Talia taught me was to never judge a patient by their record! Though she was not fully aware of her surroundings or situation, she was determined, and boy was she smiling! Her smile radiated throughout the entire 60 minutes that I assessed her balance, strength, and mobility. She could not communicate verbally with me, but her facial expressions sufficed to portray her determination. She worked extremely hard during that session, and throughout her month-long stay at Spaulding.
During Talia's rehabilitation at Spaulding, she made rapid gains in cognition, physical capabilities, and ability to communicate. We learned more about her support network, including her fiance in Wyoming and her immediate family in Massachusetts who came to visit often. She was so motivated to return to her ranch in the Midwest and get married. Her motto was always, "I've gotta do it!!" when we presented her with any challenge. One of my favorite memories of treating Talia was the first time she did exercises in a kneeling position, followed by her collapsing in laughter when she realized how difficult it would be. But she got right back up and completed the task. That was her way, to laugh through adversity. Talia's hard work demonstrated the fact that no matter how difficult the situation, a positive attitude and a good laugh are necessary to persevere.
Talia finished her journey at Spaulding by walking through the doors and returning home with family. She eventually returned to Wyoming, and is now married to her husband Jesse. Years later, we still keep in touch and I get to see the beautiful pictures of her wedding, working on the ranch, and the life she was able to return to. I have the privilege of knowing I was a part of her success, and am grateful for those lessons in positivity and determination she taught me during that time.
A motor vehicle accident left her near death.
Learn More


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New York Fire Department Lt. Daniel McWilliams has sued the department, saying his rights were violated when he was removed...
Lasting Rose » Home » Our World » Was the Newtown Speech the Most Difficult to Deliver For President Barack Obama?
Posted by :Unknown at Wednesday, December 19, 2012||PERMALINK Labels: #lrose, Barack Obama, Newtown, Newtown Connecticut, Newtown School Shooting, Our World
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Newton School gathering after the massacre.
No actor, however capable, can bring out the agony of the president, who has to suppress his internal turmoil and present a different face to the nation for the sake of the position he is holding. No director can pull off visualisation of a complex surge of emotions of a whole nation behind a tragic event like that happened in Newtown, which the President was subjected to over and above his own turmoil.
There are moments when a president has to deliver inspiring speeches to convey his vision or unify the country against adversity. Then there are occasions no one wishes to face in life, when the President is expected to address the nation, to say something, to console, assure and somehow alleviate the collective burden on the nation's psyche. The Newtown School speech in the aftermath of the massacre of twenty innocent children and six of their teachers was one such testing moment for President Obama.
It is hard to understand, why Barrack Obama is seen as the first "black" President by many Americans and even by leading media though he was born to a white Caucasian lady. Though for the rest of the world this is a non issue, it is the perception. However, this must have been the most difficult aspect for President Obama, who had to face and address a town whose population and the bereaved they came to mourn are almost entirely white.
No one can deny that such was the ferocity and divisiveness of the politics which only just ended in his re-election, which many in the nation still do not accept, at least have great difficulty to reconcile. No one can deny that the second amendment, which the President could do little about and something which his audience hold sacred had to do with the tragedy.
That, President Obama, as a very loving parent of two children couldn't hold his tears while announcing the tragedy that occurred at Newtown as a national tragedy, didn't somehow alleviate his dilemma. Where trust was at best fragile, it must have been very difficult to find the right words to express and communicate something meaningful both to the community and to the nation at large.
The Newtown tragedy has occurred in the Christmas season, when everyone has to rejoice and not bereave, has rendered the event poignant beyond imagination. Mundane call of Presidential duties in the face of the Fiscal Cliff which he has very little time to sort out before the nation fall off it and the nomination of his future secretary of state must have been adding immense pressure to his working life. Yet the President was duty bound to come to the bereaved, and address and console as the supreme commander.
President Obama did come to Newtown, and delivered the most difficult speech of his presidency with amazing grace. With measured words delivered in a way only Barack Obama, the great communicator can do he somehow spoke, conveying the consolation and support of the Nation he took to Newtown and asking for the Nation's support and resolve to enable him for meaningful and effective action.
Without referring to the Second Amendment or NRA he brought home the need for controlling the ownership and accessibility of dangerous weapons. Without admonishing, he brought home the need for better parenting and teaching and loving children. In as few words as possible he reminded Americans about family values they all need to return to.
You handled this horrific situation with such honest sympathy & grace. You have done our nation (and yourself) proud during one of our darkest moments. I am proud to call you My President.
For astute students of communication, President Osama's skills in oratory will be always be a benchmark. His speeches will be heard, watched analysed and imitated for decades and centuries to come. But for true meaning and sense of his speeches, future learners will have to delve deep in to the contextual history and events as well.
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