This study investigated the optimal water/binder (w/b) and aggregate/binder (a/b) ratios in producing a concrete paving block. The w/b and a/b ratios in the concrete paving block were optimised using the response surface methodology (RSM), considering the performances of the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), flexural, and compressive strengths. Regression modelling was conducted to represent the relationships between the UPV and compressive strength and the compressive and flexural strengths. Generally, the UPV, flexural, and compressive strengths increased with the increment of w/b ratio and reduction of a/b ratio. The RSM suggested optimal ratios of 0.35 for w/b and 3.50 for a/b, that the paving block could exhibit UPV, flexural, and compressive strengths of 4.11 km/s, 4.13 MPa, and 33.2 MPa, respectively. The predicted values from the RSM varied less than 6% compared to the experimental values. The polynomial regression model could effectively represent the relationship between the UPV and the compressive strength and the relationship between the compressive and flexural strengths of the concrete paving block.


Objective To investigate the effect of Shanmai injection combined with isosorbide dinitrate injection and Wenyangbaoxin decoction on cardiac function of patients with chronic heart failure.Methods 72 cases of chronic heart failure were randomly divided into two groups.Control group(n=36) received conventional therapy.Treatment group received Shenmai injection,isosorbide dinitrate injection,Wenyangbaoxin decoction and conventional therapy.The therapeutic course was fourteen days in two groups.The effective rate of congestive heart failure and cardiac function were evaluated after two courses.Results The effective rate of congestive heart failure and cardiac function in treatment group(91.67%,88.89%) were higher than those in control group after(66.67%,69.44%,P0.05).LVEF and E/A after treatment were obviously increased as compared with those before treatment in two groups(P0.01).There was significant difference between two groups on LVEF and E/A(P0.05).Conclusion Shanmai injection combined with isosorbide dinitrate injection and Wenyangbaoxin decoction can improve clinical symptoms and cardiac function of patients with chronic heart failure and enhance life quanlity.


dissolved tetrachloroaurate ions (AuCl4 ). The authors suggested three possible electron donors for the reduction of AuCl4 , including the strong electric field at the microdroplet's surface, the hydroxyl ions, and the AuCl4 itself (AuCl4 →AuCl2+Cl2). However, we find that the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) spontaneously produced at the microdroplets might be also responsible for the AuCl4 reduction. The microdroplets in the article of Lee et al. were generated by a high-pressure, dry N2 at 120 psi. The AuNSs were observed in the collection of a fusion of aqueous AuCl4 microdroplets and the water microdroplets, and it was also found in the collection of aqueous AuCl4 microdroplets. To form AuNSs from the reduction of AuCl4 , electrons should be provided somehow. Three possible electron sources were suggested in Ref. 1 as mentioned above. We noted that in a recent paper of Lee et al.,


A high pyruvic acid-producing strain HB304 was bred from Torulopsis glabrata HB20 by UV-DES compound mutation.The strain HB304 appeared to be auxotroph.The yield of pyruvic acid was increased by 31.2% than that of the wild strain in flask culture.After optimization about the medium,the yield of pyruvic acid was increased by 41.9% than that of the wild strain in flask culture.


A model is proposed for odd-odd nuclei in which the independent excitations are quasi-particles defined by a special Bogoliubov transformation and in which a_ finite range Gaussian c 1 enir~1 int 1 era6tion acts as the residual interaction. The model is applied to La '.-Jhere energy levels, wavefunctions, factors, and Ml transition rates are computed and compared with experiment.


The dramatic fall in output in eastern Europe in the 90s was a result of the institutional structure imposed by the state - taken here as exogenous - on the production process. Consider therefore an economic system where the state is promoting a policy of 'forced capital formation' to fund a technology which produces higher output. The drawback is that such a system becomes internally unstable: even though economic growth takes place in the short run, in the long run the economy moves into a transition path towards a stable lower income (unless the relationship between the political sector and the economy changes and the state withdraws from the capital formation process). As output loss reached the level of another Great Depression, pecularities of this phenomenon of East Europe can bring new insight into what is triggering great depressions.


Obesity is a public health problem that has raised concern worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there will be about 2.3 billion overweight people aged 15 years and above, and over 700 million obese people worldwide in 2015. This study was conducted assess weight reduction in overweight adult people with combination treatment of electronic devices, diet and physical exercise. All available subjects attending a commercial weight reduction clinic were selected. The sample comprised one hundred eighty adult (180) peoples (90 male and 90 female) in the age group of 30-40 year. We aimed to examine the effectiveness of combined nutrition and complete lifestyle modification package (NCLMP) for overweight adult people. In NCLMP we combined electronic Devices, diet and physical exercise programmes with at least 6 months of follow-up, conducted in overweight and obese adults (body mass index >25). Results revealed that in Pre-intervention phase majority of the subjects (75 %) were found to be in the category of high risk while minority of the respondents (25 %) had normal WHR (less than 0.8). The mean WHR was 0.83±0.0. and the fat values exceed the normal range of fat, diet of subjects in comparison to the balanced diet was substantially inadequate in food groups, representing the excess fat deposition in the subjects owing to obesity. Intervention phase results revealed effect of electronic devices, physical exercise and nutritionally balanced weight loss diet on body composition of males were showed body fat (%) before intervention was 31.10±3.2 and after intervention 29.26±4 and decrease after intervention -1.84. Effect of electronic devices, physical exercise and nutritionally balanced weight loss diet intervention on body composition of females were found body fat (%) before intervention was 33.83±4.6 and after intervention 32.2±4.5 and decrease after intervention -1.59. Weight loss is similar in the short-term for diet-only but with combined longer-term programme weight loss is increased when electronic devices, diet and physical activity are combined.


This paper presents recent progress in resistive oxide memories and their integration into advanced embedded nonvolatile memory technology nodes. With the downscaling trends in emerging semiconductor manufacturing and novel user needs such as higher density, low power consumption, high speed and reliable memories are needed by manufacturers. Two terminal memory cells based on resistive devices as oxides, phase change materials or magnetism are discussed in terms of power consumption, read/write speeds, scalability and effective cost. The experimental results are focused on oxide RRAMs with an emphasis on resistive switching of Metal/HfO2/Metal memory stacks and associated physical and electrical characteristics.


Position control was applied to industrial robots when they carry out tasks such as handling, stacking, welding. However, carrying out complex tasks like grinding, polishing and deburring requires more. In these cases, the contact force, between the manipulator's end effector and the working environment, also needs to be controlled to achieve compliance. The surface tracking based on force control is the key technology for industrial robots to perform tasks like grinding, polishing. Force control requires robots to sense the information of the external environment. In this paper, a Six-Axis Force/Torque Transducer is used to acquire the contact force between the tool and the surface. Then we use the constant contact force control algorithm, together with the orientation adjustment strategy, to keep the contact force constant and ensure the tool vertical to the contact surface to realize the surface tracking. Experiments show that the scheme is efficient, and has a certain guiding significance for manipulator in industrial production tasks where force control is required.


According to information of cement market demand,it was set up for cement production structure demand model by adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system,its optimal solution is solved by parallel genetic algorithms,which will be received for optimal cement production structure demand plan.It provides importance reference value for production management and improving economic benefits.


Operation of the slurry pipeline of Samarco Mineracao S.A. for 16 mo beginning 5/11/77 has proven this method of transport to be extremely reliable and cost-effective for conveying iron ore from the mine to the port over difficult terrain and no more difficult than other parts of a mine-concentrator-pellet plant complex. Continuous batching will facilitate future production increases. The system and its operation are discussed.


References 496 Using resources to mitigate greenhouse gases (GHGs) generates opportunity costs that should be considered to help guide reasonable policy decisions. Actions to abate GHG emissions or increase carbon sinks divert resources from other uses like health care and education. Assessing these costs should consider the total value that society attaches to the goods and services forgone because of the diversion of resources to climate protection. In some cases, the benefits of mitigation could exceed the costs, and thus society gains from mitigation. This chapter addresses the methodological issues that arise in the estimation of the monetary costs of climate change. The focus is on the correct assessment of the costs of mitigation measures to reduce the emissions of GHGs. The assessment of costs and benefits should be based on a systematic analytical framework to ensure comparability of estimates and transparency of logic. One well-developed framework assesses costs as changes in social welfare based on individual values. These individual values are reflected by the willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental improvements or their willingness to accept (WTA) compensation. From these value measures can be derived measures such as the social surpluses gained or lost from a policy, the total resource costs, and opportunity costs. While the underlying measures of welfare have limits and using monetary values remains controversial, the view is taken that the methods to " convert " non-market inputs into monetary terms provide useful information for policymakers. These methods should be pursued when and where appropriate. It is also considered useful to supplement this welfare-based cost methodology with a broader assessment that includes physical impacts when possible. In practice, the challenge is to develop a consistent and comprehensive definition of the key impacts to be measured. In this chapter the costing methodology is overviewed, and issues involved in using these methods addressed. The costs of climate protection are affected by decisions on some key elements, the analytical structure, and the assumptions made. Among other key presumptions, these include the definition of the baseline, assumption about associated costs and benefits that arise in conjunction with GHG emission reduction policies, the flexibility available to find the carbon emissions of lowest cost, the possibility of no regret options, the discount rate, the assumption of the rate of autonomous technological change, and whether revenue is recycled. First, defining the baseline is a key part of cost assessment. The baseline is the …


Objective: To observe the tympanometric variations
occurred to patients that got SOM which were subjected to
corticosteroids treatment by nasal spray and autoinflation
maneuver as well.
 Method: 33 patients that got OMS were observed.
All of them were verified by the tympanometry test
at the diagnostic week and 15 and 30 days after the
treatment.
 Result: 42 (63,63%) of the 66 ears verified at the first
week presented B type result, 22 (33,33%) presented C type
and finally 2 (3,03%) presented A type. On the other hand,
at the last evaluation, only 17 ears (25,76%) were still
presenting B type, 26 (39,39%) presented C type and 23
(34,85%) presented A type.
 Conclusion: The corticosteroids treatment by the nasal
spray plus autoinflation maneuver can be a good option to
SOM treatment.
 KEY WORDS: OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION/therapy;
HEARING LOSS; EUSTACHIAN TUBE; ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE
TESTS; ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONE/administration & dosage.


Geoelectrical techniques, such as resistivity and self-potential are being increasingly applied to study the
hydraulics of landslide processes. The great strengths of these techniques are that they provide spatial or
volumetric information at the site scale, and are sensitive to hydraulic changes in the subsurface. In this
study we described the development and installation of an automated time-lapse electrical resistivity
tomography (ALERT) system on an active landslide at a site near Malton, North Yorkshire, UK. The
overarching objective of the research is to develop a 4D landslide monitoring system that can characterise
the subsurface structure of the landslide, and reveal the hydraulic precursors to movement. In this paper
we describe the installation of the ALERT system on an active landslide, and present initial results
showing the 3D structure of the landslide and subsurface resistivity variations that occurred between static
conditions and an active phase of slope failure.


This paper proposes a new neutral-point clamped based LLC resonant converter, which is controlled by a modified self-sustained control system. The presented neutral-point clamped based topology comprises only four switches, which improves efficiency and reduces the cost of implementation. The arrangement of the power switches is such that this converter is also appropriate for connection to high DC voltage because the clamp diodes limit the voltage across power switches to the half of DC-link voltage. The proposed self-sustained resonant controller provides zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-current switching (ZCS) for power switches to reduce the switching losses further. This converter has galvanic isolation due to employing high-frequency step-down transformer and includes a center-tapped full-wave rectifier. Simulation results evaluate the proposed topology and its control network. Simulations are done for 500V/48V/1.5kW converter. Results indicate that this topology operates with ZVS and ZCS, and works with low-voltage and low-current stresses.


Introduction: Coronary heart Disease (CHD) considered to be man's disease, is also a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in middle aged women throughout world. Coronary manifestations occurs approximately 20 years later in women as compared to men and may have atypical presentations. The poor prognosis in women due CHD has been attributed to advanced age, concomitant medical illnesses, late presentation because of atypical presentations, ignorance of seriousness of the disease and delayed treatment. Materials and Methods: 80 consecutive female patients admitted in the Department of Medicine(Cardiology) at Govt. Villupuram medical college from 1st June 2017 to 31st May 2018 were included in the study. Informed consent, demographic profile and risk factors were recorded. After focused clinical examination biochemical investigations such as RBS, Hb A1C, Lipid profile, 12 lead electrocardiogram and echocardiography etc. was done. Results: Total 80 patients included in the study had mean age of 62.4 ± 13.6 years. The majority of females between the age of 61-70 years constituted 50% 0f study population. Dyslipidemia was the commonest risk factor followed by obesity, smoking, hypertension and diabetes. Chest pain was the common presenting feature with atypical pain chest in 25% of females. Conclusion: CHD is an under diagnosed undertreated and under researched disease in women for various reasons and it is more age dependent in women than in men. The primary care physicians, paramedics posted in peripheral institutes should be appraised about the clinical profile, risk factors of CHD in females so that effective therapy can be instituted in time to decrease subsequent morbidity and mortality.


This paper presents a novel multi-view convolutional neural network (CNN) model for 3D facial expression recognition (FER). In contrast to existing deep learning-based 3D FER approaches that mainly learn the expressions from frontal facial attribute images, the proposed model incorporates multi-view and facial prior information of the observed 3D face into the learning process. This information is jointly trained in an end-to-end manner to predict the emotion of the input 3D face model. The experiments on public 3D facial expression datasets show that training the CNN with additional information from different views and facial prior knowledge would result in learning more discriminative features as against from a single view. Our model outperforms the state-of-the-art 3D FER methods in term of recognition accuracy indicating its effectiveness. Moreover, the improvement of the proposed model is displayed more clearly in the discrimination of low-intensity facial expressions.


By decimating his workforce, yellow fever and malaria scuppered the attempt by Ferdinand de Lesseps, who had successfully developed the Suez Canal, to build the Panama Canal. William Gorgas, surgeon general of the US army, assisted by A J Orenstein, who later had a large influence on South African health services and was head of its medical services in World War II, enabled the USA to complete the Panama Canal in 1914 by eliminating mosquitoes. Walter Reed had made this possible in 1900 by confirming the theory of a Cuban doctor, Carlos Finlay, that yellow fever was transmitted by mosquito bites. Some of his close colleagues died after voluntary exposure to mosquito bites - the ultimate controlled trial!


This paper discusses active neutral point clamping inverter (ANPC), most recently NPC inverters are using widely due to its bulky sizes, ANPC is introduced in recent years. In MLI's the foremost problem is total harmonic distortion for lower levels. Furthermore, this article deals with carriers bases-PWM techniques like phase-disposal, phase-opposite-disposal, and alternate-phase-opposite-disposal with RL load, and results are differentiated in-terms of durable Fourier analysis via %THD. The simulation is performed by using MATLAB/Simulink computer code 2014b.


One of the most interesting, but at times most inexplicably dismissed (cf. Wengrow & Baines 2004; Wengrow 2006: 111-114), corpora of Predynastic Upper Egyptian artistic production is the rock art of the Western and Eastern Deserts of southern Egypt and Nubia. The Upper Egyptian/Nubian tradition of rock art, absent in the north (Huyge 2003: 60-61) and amply attested in the Western and Eastern Deserts by the dawn of the Predynastic Period, may have origins in the sixth millennium B.C.E., if not earlier (Huyge 1998; 2008; Huyge et al. 1998; 2007) and owes much to early traditions of Nubia and the Western Desert. Many of the concentrations of rock art in southern Egypt are associated with routes connecting the Nile Valley with quarries and the Red Sea to the east and those accessing the oases and points farther removed to the west and south. Within this broad region, the Western Desert of Upper Egypt is the least well represented in publications of rock art and rock inscriptions. Beginning in 1992, the Theban Desert Road Survey has contributed to an augmentation of the known epigraphic material from the gebels of the western hinterland of ancient Thebes. As a result of the subsequent years of discovery, recording, editing, and publication, certain peculiarities of the artistic and epigraphic oeuvres of the Theban Western Desert have emerged, allowing one both to characterize the "personality" of West Theban rock inscriptions; and as an outcome of that characterization, to propose a development of rock art iconography leading directly to narrative pictorial tableaux and proto-hieroglyphic inscriptions by the Naqada III Period. The painted vessels and decorated objects of the Predynastic Period should not occupy the central position they often receive in Iconographic Attraction, Iconographic Syntax, and Tableaux of Royal Ritual Power in the Preand Proto-Dynastic Rock Inscriptions of the Theban Western Desert


The present invention, physiologically active polypeptide and an immunoglobulin Fc fragment comprising the FcRn binding region is connected via a non-peptide linker, the physiologically active polypeptide - a conjugate of an immunoglobulin Fc fragment, the immunoglobulin Fc fragment conjugates and maintains the inherent bonding strength, a manufacturing method of the conjugates comprises a method and said conjugate to maintain the specific avidity for FcRn of the conjugate, FcRn immunoglobulin Fc fragment wherein the specific binding force is maintained against relates to a composition. .The


The mathematical model of braking torque on eddy current retarder is analyzed. Aim at the shortages that comparing real output torque of eddy current retarder at high velocity the error of the mathematical model's computation torque is big, a braking torque model based on neural network model is proposed. The neural network model of eddy current retarder is established in terms of the braking torque's characteristics. The existing control system of eddy current retarder is studied and a novel PWM control system based on neural network model is proposed. The capabilities of mathematical model and neural network model are compared in terms of the experiment and testify the braking torque model based on neural network model is more valid


Sensitive information from people contained and managed through technological devices and mechanisms has generated a latent tension between some fundamental rights such as access to justice and privacy, because there is no legal effigy that sets concrete limits when those come into contact.


The earth is getting warmer, and this book tells young readers why, examining the causes, exploring the effects that scientists predict for decades ahead, and describing possible solutions.


A novel dominant correlogram based particle filter was proposed for an object tracking in visual surveillance. Particle filter outperforms the Kalman filter in non-linear and non-Gaussian estimation problem. This paper proposed incorporating spatial information into visual feature, and yields a reliable likelihood description of the observation and prediction. A similarity-ratio is defined to evaluate the effectivity of different similarity measurements in weighing samples. The experimental results demonstrate the effective and robust performance compared with the histogram based tracking in traffic scenes.


Support Vector Machines have been developed as an alternative for classification problems to the classical learning algorithms, such as Artificial Neural Network. Thanks to advantages of using kernel trick, having a global optimum and a simple geometric interpretation support vector machines are known as the best classifiers among others. Classical learning algorithms such as Neural Network suffers from local optima and overfitting. Moreover for Neural Network systems deciding on the number of hidden layers is a very important problem. In this study we used both Gaussian Kernel based Support Vector Machines and a single Multiplicative Neuron Model Neural Network and compared their prediction performances for financial failure. We focused on predicting the failure of the Turkish banking system using a longitudinal data set consisting of financial ratios. The financial ratios are used as independent variables whereas the dependent variable was the success of the banks. Classification measures were used to compare the modeling performances.


There is a need to empirically validate theoretical Machine Learning research. This can be dicult because the algorithms being tested often require large amounts of training data. Softbots provide a unique solution to this problem. Softbots or software robots are intelligent agents that interact with software environments. By attaching the agent directly to the training environment, it is possible for softbots to gather their own training data. St. Bernard is a soft-bot that locates les within the UNIX 1 le system. It is based on the theory of satiscing search. The training data used by satiscing search is gathered directly from its environment. St. Bernard demonstrates the usefulness of sat-iscing search and addresses some of the practical issues of implementing this algorithm.


Objective : The aim of this study was to find out the therapeutic effect of the Korean Bee Venom theraphy in the treatment of patient with De Quervain`s disease. Methods : As the effect of Bee Venom acupuncture about various articulation diseases observed, we tried to treat a case that was diagnosed De Quervain`s disease by using Korean Bee Venom theraphy. Results : After Korean Bee Venom theraphy, `VNRS` value decreased quite noticeably, and other symptoms have improved as well. Conclusions : Korean BeeVenom theraphy have shown fairly effective to De Quervain`s disease. Furthermore, it shows considerable potential in its effectiveness to be utilized other fields of medicine practices.


Abstract:This study situates the Ottoman genre of artists' biographies within a cross-cultural space to push research beyond obsessions with "genesis" and focus rather on the transverse paths that primary sources take. Revisiting Mustafa Âli's Epic Deeds of Artists (completed in 1587), the earliest Ottoman source on the lives and works of Muslim calligraphers, painters, and book binders, the article focuses on the text's creative process (as opposed to its referential content) and juxtaposes the work with its Islamic (specifically, Persian) and non-Islamic (Italian) predecessors and near-contemporaries. Contributing to conversations that aim to dispel Euro-centric bias in art-historical discourses, this juxtaposition points to the zones of convergence and divergence that disrupt, through discussions of the Deeds's shared as well as distinctive references and functions, the polarities modern scholarship has created among the written sources of pre-modern Islamic and non-Islamic art.


In order to obtain data concerning the function of the cells which clear the blood of large particles, the velocity of removal from this fluid of colloidal thorium after intravenous injection was determined under normal conditions for dogs subsequently subjected to procedures designed to alter the activity of these cells. There have been several previous studies of reticuloendothelial activity, determining the rate of removal of injected large molecular masses in the form of bacteria, 1 colloidal metals (silver, 2 manganese 3 and saccharated ferric oxide 4 ), quartz, 5 carbon, 2a egg yolk, 6 egg albumin, 7 bilirubin 8 and various dyes (congo red, 9 brilliant vital red, 10 trypan blue, 11 bromsulphalein 12 and a series of acid and basic dyes 13 ). Difficulties follow the use of all these substances which do not attend the use of thorium. All the dye studies have been complicated by excretion from the organism during the test period, so that the rate of removal


In order to solve the problems of manual and time-consuming lesson preparation among middle and primary school teachers and improve the quality and speed of lesson preparation, design and implementation of electronic lesson preparation system is an efficient way. This paper firstly aimed at the actual problems that primary and secondary school teachers encountered in the process of lesson preparation, determined the design principles of electronic lesson preparation system, researched the basic framework of the system, analyzed each function of the system in detail, and then completed and realized the system.


most laboratories. The concentration of lead in freshtuna muscle,which was found in our laboratory to be about 0.3 sg/kg,oorresponds to the probable lead concentration in typical blood plasma; it is the lowest concentration of lead measured in any biological material. Tuna muscle has not yet been correctly analyzed forleadby investigators in any other laboratoryin the world, to our knowledge. Work in our laboratory has shown that analysts in many countries commonly measure lead concentrations in dozens of individual samples and report values with standard deviations of only 30 to 50% from means, when the true concentrations in those samples are actually 100-fold to 1000-fold less than the reported means. Errors in measurement and control of lead contamination are not usually discerned by standard additions, reproducibility checks, or simulated analyses without sample. Individual contributionsof lead contamination from each containerand reagent source must be separately measured as though each were a sample being analyzed.This is most accurately done with IDMS, because itrequiresno standards for relativesignal-strength measurements, and extremely weak lead contamination signals are uniquely identifiedas lead because of itsisotopic composition. The concentrationoflead inblood plasma that we reported inthis journal was determined in the laboratory most qualified to do so in the world at present. Itshouldbe consideredseriously. Itistruethatthesolvent-extraction preconcentration method used by Cayallen and Minoia does provide a strong lead signal relatively free of false-positive signal effects in#{149} their detector. However, this is done at a cost that many analysts have chosen to avoid, which is that this procedure is susceptible to relatively large contamination effects and to consequent large error resulting from improper measurement and control of that contamination. Based on the past experience of interlaboratory calibration work with analysts in other universities (7-14), we believe it probable that Cavalleri and Minoia have an undetected laboratory contamination that accounts for their high reported value for lead in blood plasma of typical adults. Possibly the greater excess lead they found in plasma of exposed workers came from uncontrolled contamination introduced during sampling. Cavalleri and Minoia point out that if the fraction of total lead in plasma is relatively constant, independent of large variations in concentrations of lead in erythrocytes, then the exchange of lead between erythrocytes and plasma must be rapid, and they claimed that their data indicated this was so. This is an important matter, and one that we pointed out that J. Rosen (personal communication), among others (15), is studying by means of radioactive tracers. Rosen has found that calcium concentrations in blood plasmavary within hours, dependent on nutritional cycles, and it is of great interest to know whether lead, unlike calcium, is essentially transported in blood by long-lived reservoirs in erythrocytes, with the lead being rapidly transferred from erythrocytes to plasma, then to interstitial fluid at cell reaction sites. We believe that if this istrue,the bulk of lead in blood of present-day typical adults has been shifted from plasma to erythrocyte protein as a consequence of biochemical perturbations induced by 500-fold excesses of industrial lead contamination in their blood above the natural concentrations, and that at natural lead concentrations the fraction of total blood lead that is in plasma should be very much greater than 0.1%.


This paper presents experimental results for an on-board microprocessor-based failure detection package designed to assist in the diagnosis of heat pump failures. A model-free limit and trend checking scheme, and a model-based innovations detection formulation operate in parallel to detect anomalous behavior. This dual approach permits the study of tradeoffs between failure detection performance and method complexity. A series of typical anomalies are experimentally simulated in a heat pump, and results are presented to demonstrate the performance of each detection strategy


Agrilus zanthoxylumi Hou and Feng is one of the most destructive pests of Z.bungeanum Maxim in Baoji Area of Shaanxi Province and can not be efficiently controlled by only one kind of method.There were some integrated control methods be introduced in this report.


The application and development of Continuous Emission Monitoring System(CEMS)are discussed in this paper, a detailed introduction about analyzers and CEMS of ABB company is also given in this article, finally it points out the importance of using CEMS in our environmental protection.


This paper describes for the first time a chemical method for the preparation for nanocrystalline quartz. Submicron quartz powders are initially produced in hydrothermal reactions where soluble silica precursors precipitate as pure crystalline silica. To yield nanocrystalline material these particles can be purified and size selected by dialysis, filtration, and centrifugation. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction illustrate that the product is pure phase α-quartz, consisting of isolated (i.e., nonaggregated) nanocrystals. Depending on the size selection method, crystallites with average sizes of 10 to 100 nanometers can be recovered.


Protein analysis is an important task in the study of life science.Inherent ultraviolet absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of protein can be used in protein analysis,but the sensitivity of these methods can not meet the demand of micro determination.Protein spectroscopic probes,including metal ions,organic reagents and metal complex,interact with protein to form supramolecular complex causing spectral change of the system and thereby giving quantitative or constructive information about the protein.According to the photoanalytical method used,protein spectroscopic probes may be divided into three kinds:light absorption probes,fluorescent probes and light scattering probes.


Conversion factors between SI and CGS units for magnetic susceptibility and other magnetic quantities are described. The relationship between the volume magnetic susceptibility χSI in SI units and the specific magnetic susceptibility χCGS in CGS units is given by the formula χSI=4πρχCGS, where ρ is the density of rocks. A nomogram for their conversion is shown.


The article raises the problem of the need for efficient management of the innovation and investment development of iron ore enterprises in the current difficult conditions of market transformations. A generalization of methodological approaches to improving the management of the balanced strategic innovation development of the iron ore enterprise in the conditions of intensification of the growth of scientific and technological progress taking into account the influence of economic risks. In order to increase efficiency and profitability, a methodological approach has been developed and the toolkit for solving the task of optimizing the economic activity of a large mono-product enterprise has been proposed by finding a solution in mixed innovation strategies that will expand the possibilities of successive optimization of the enterprise's production program from long- term, current to operational planning, intervals of choice of management influences, taking into account general perspective goals of mining x works on the enterprise, taking into account the stochastic nature of the processes of production and economic activity of the iron ore enterprise.


ogy are trivial. We shall show that the main condition is the vanishing of higher signatures. (For definitions of all the terminology in this introduction see Section 1.) Actually the vanishing of the higher signature of M is neither necessary nor sufficient for, say, the twisted rational homotopy type of M to admit a free homologically trivial wr action. However, the vanishing to


A total of 782 blood and 465 tissue samples from 1,039 wild animals and 127 dairy goats were collected from January 2011 to December 2013 in 10 provinces of South Korea and tested for the presence of brucellosis. The Rose Bengal test revealed that 8.0% (52/650) of the serum samples were seropositive, while 4.2% (33/782) of the serum samples were positive for Brucella antibodies by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of the 650 sera examined, only 16 (2.5%) were positive by both serological tests. Direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using B4/B5 primers for Brucella abortus (BCSP31) revealed the prevalence of Brucella to be 26.5% (129/487) in blood samples and 21% (98/465) in tissue samples while, 16S rRNA PCR detected Brucella DNA in 6.8% (33/487) and 2.6% (12/465) in blood and tissue samples, respectively. Of PCR-positive samples, only 6.2% (30/487) of blood samples and 2.4% (11/465) of tissue samples were found to be positive by both BCSP31 and 16S rRNA PCRs. However, Brucella strains were isolated by blood culture from only two out of 487 blood samples (0.4%). This characterization and identification of pathogenic Brucella isolates is the first to clearly indicate that the organisms were Brucella abortus biovar 1.


In this paper, the L1 norm of continuous functions and corresponding continuous estimation of regression parameters are defined. The continuous L1 norm estimation problem of one and two parameters linear models in the continuous case are solved. We proceed to use the functional form and parameters of the probability distribution function of income to exactly determine the L1 norm approximation of the corresponding Lorenz curve of the statistical population under consideration. Iran family budget data were used to estimate income distribution for the period of 1362-1370.


Taishanese is a member of the Siyi sub-branch of the Yue branch of the Sinitic languages. As described by Taishan Fangyin Zidian (2006), Taishanese has five phonemic tones: three level tones (55, 33, 22) and two falling tones (32, 21). Cheng (1973) describes a so-called "changed tone" process where the tonal contour of the underlying tones can be modified. Depending on the morphological or syntactic context, one of two processes can occur: a level or falling tone becomes a rising tone; or a level tone becomes a falling tone. The present work focuses on the former type of changed tone where a rising tone, which is otherwise not present in Taishanese, can be realized. In the present study, Taishanese tone letter 5 will be represented as H (a tone with the features [+high tone][-low tone][+modify]), tone letter 3 as M (a tone with the features [-high tone][-low tone][-modify]), and tone letter 2 as L (a tone with the features [-high tone][+low tone][+modify]). This is based on the system proposed by Wang (1967) and Woo (1969). Early work on rising changed tones in Taishanese, such as in Cheng (1973), claimed that the process was not phonologically motivated but mostly syntactically and morphologically motivated. Moreover, according to Cheng (1973), only a limited number of words, which are mostly nouns, can undergo this process. However, Him (1980) suggests that the rising changed tone in Taishanese may be the result of an operative process where rises can occur systematically, based on an analysis of related languages. Using evidence from field recordings collected from two native Taishanese speakers (one of the Taishan dialect and one of the Kaiping dialect), I argue that a subset of occurrences of rising changed tones – namely, those that occur as the result of two adjacent level tones – are in fact phonologically motivated in Taishanese. Some examples are shown below (the superhigh tone is represented with the tone letter 7): Open Long-Checked Nasal Coda Short-Checked kwi22 kwo557 if only kiaŋ33 t͡ʃ hiat557 surprised then22 kiŋ557 foreground top55 mun337 *top557 mun33 essay fuo557 hoi55 inferno juek557 hou55 to agree to kiŋ55 kaŋ55 *kiŋ557 kaŋ55 hidden motive suk55 ɬiu55 *suk557 ɬiu55 to shrink


The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore perceptions and lived experiences of African-American pastors addressing the onslaught of COVID-19 with their congregation. Thirty-seven pastors representing various denominations from across Mississippi participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. From the data, five themes emerged including (1) Pastors' relentlessness, (2) Pastors' adoption of new technology, (3) Maximized social capital, (4) Unintended consequences resulting from COVID-19, and (5) Unintended benefits resulting from COVID-19.


• CARE's Community Score Card programmes have contributed to strengthening service provision and community-state relations in each of these countries, in different ways. • Often this requires high levels of engagement with, and working through, different levels of the state apparatus. For support based on the idea of civic engagement, this is a counter-intuitive finding. • Impacts are often 'stuck' at the local level and have only translated into national level impacts where they have plugged into existing reform processes. Key messages Synthesis report


(R, X absent) [17457-14-6] C20H14CoN2O2 (MW 373.29)

InChI = 1S/C20H16N2O2.Co/c23-19-11-5-1-7-15(19)13-21-17-9-3-4-10-18(17)22-14-16-8-2-6-12-20(16)24;/h1-14,23-24H;/q;+2/p-2/b21-13+,22-14+;

InChIKey = OJOCNOKRZFLJFI-JKBLJYNNSA-L

(reagents for the generation of carbon-centered radicals; vitamin B12 mimics2)

Physical Data: dark brown–black solids; usually stable up to 200 °C.

Solubility: sol most organic solvents, e.g. benzene, methanol, THF, dichloromethane.

Preparative Methods: RCoIII(salophen) complexes have been prepared in the same manner as for the corresponding CoIII(salen) and CoIII(dmgH)2 complexes, and they undergo similar reactions (see Bis(dimethylglyoximato)(methyl)(pyridine)cobalt(III) and Cobalt Salen Complexes). The formation of organoCoIII(salophen) complexes can be accomplished by reacting CoI(salophen) or CoII(salophen) with electrophiles or radicals, respectively.1 The 'supernucleophilic' NaCoI(salophen) complex reacts with a variety of alkyl halides2 and acyl halides3 to form RCoIII(salophen) species.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: often light- and air-sensitive and should be stored in tinted bottles.


The method of using OMRON C200Hα PLC to implement Smith compensating algorithm is given in this paper.When using PLC programming language to realize the Smith compensating algorithm, the PID instruction could be used, in addition the fixing-point operation instruction could also be used to solve the floating-point data operation problem.This paper discusses the practicability of this realizing method, under the application background of the industrial boiler's temperature control system of aluminium alloy factory.


The Special Collections Team care for the more rare and specialised parts of the Library collection, including archives, rare books and journals, and artefacts.


INTRODUCTION:Bimanual pelvic examination is often performed for symptoms related to uterine fibroids (UF). We evaluated the clinical utility of this exam at the time of UF diagnosis in a community setting.METHODS:Retrospective sample of women diagnosed with UF between 2006 and 2010 in the Rochester


The oxytocic properties of alcohol and aqueous extracts of Cascuta, a plant whose twigs are used in Bangladesh for inducing abortion, were studied in vitro in uteri of virgin guinea pigs. The alcohol extract produced maximum uterine contractions within 60 seconds. Relaxation of the effect of the alcohol extract was slower than that for the standard posterior pituitary extract. The aqueous extract had a slower onset of action than the alcohol extract and a quicker recovery period. Similar oxytocic activities were observed for 50 mg of powdered Cascuta in alcohol extract, 500 mg powdered Cascuta in aqueous extract, and 1 unit of posterior pituitary extract. In rat uteri, the alcohol extract showed marked and superimposed uterine contractions similar to ergot alkoids, and the relaxation time was very slow (12 minutes). In contrast, the aqueous extract had an effect similar to the posterior pituitary extract. The results are discussed.


The prosperity of image retargeting technique leads to the significant need of effective approaches for assessing different image retargeting methods. In this paper, we propose a novel automatic approach providing human perception based image retargeting assessment by measuring salient region similarity between the original image and the target image. First, the salient regions in the original image and the target image are matched using gradient, color and direction features. Then, the similarity between the salient regions are measured based on feature distances and region saliency. Based on salient region similarity, the quality of target image is assessed with two criteria derived from real user requirements in retargeting, important content retainment and visual artifact reduction, and the overall scores of the target image quality are finally calculated by integrating assessment results on different criteria. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is second most common degenerative arthritis with 56.6% affection in rural areas where as 32.6% in urban areas in India.Dominant lower limb is the leg used to manipulate objects or to lead out movement. Primary predisposing factor of degenerative arthritis is wear and tear which might correlate with dominance of limb.
Methodology: Total 180 subjects were screened, out of which 61 subjects with bilateral osteoarthritis and 40 subjects with unilateral osteoarthritis were selected as per inclusion criteria. Dominant leg was noted by asking Subjects to perform 2 tasks 1) Kicking Vestibular ball 2) Stepping up stepper, between this two-task cognitive distraction were implemented. then co-relation of osteoarthritis knee and dominant side was analysed.
Results: From statistical analysis of above study, it was found that there is significant (p<0.05) association between dominant limb and osteoarthritis in unilateral osteoarthritis subjects and moderate 60%-70% association of dominant leg and osteoarthritis knee in bilateral osteoarthritis.
Conclusion: From above study it is concluded that chances of osteoarthritis in dominant limb is moderately high than non-dominant limb in unilateral and bilateral osteoarthritis


The article regards one of the actual problems – the formation of general cultural social competence among the students in the system of secondary vocational education on the base of competence approach. The author describes the essence of social competence, its structure and the criteria for estimating its formedness. The article has worked out pedagogical conditions and the program of forming the social competence among college students. The article gives the results of experimental tests of the efficiency of author's program.


Polyurethane foams have good energy absorption properties and are effective in protecting sensitive components from damages due to impact. The foam absorbs impact energy by crushing cells and undergoing large deformation. The complex deformation of the foam needs to be modeled accurately to simulate the impact events. In this paper, the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was implemented to obtain the deformation field of foam specimens under compression tests. Images of foam specimen were continuously acquired using high-speed cameras. The full field displacement and strain at each incremental step of loading were calculated from these images. The closed-cell polyurethane foam used in this investigation was nominal 0.32 kg/m^3 (20 pcf). In the first experiment, cubic specimens were compressed uniaxially up to 60%. The full-field displacements and strains obtained using the DIC technique provide detailed information about the inhomogeneous deformation over the area of interest during loading. In the second experiment, compression tests were conducted for a simple foam structure - cubic foam specimens with a steel cylinder inclusion. The strain concentration at the interface between steel cylinder and foam was studied to simulate the deformation of foam in a typical application. In the third experiment, the foam was loaded from the steel cylinder during the compression. The strain concentration at the interface and the displacement distribution over the surface were compared for cases with and without a confinement fixture to study the effects of confinement. These experimental results demonstrate that the DIC technique can be applied to polyurethane foams to study the heterogeneous deformation. The experimental data is briefly compared with the results from modeling and simulation using a viscoplastic model for the foam.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is the process of eliminating ambiguity that lies on some words by identifying the exact sense of a given word. In the natural languages, many words could yield multiple meaning based on the context. WSD aims to identify the most accurate sense for such cases. In particular, when translating one language to another, there would be a possibility to tackle an ambiguity among the translated words. Quran, which is the holy book for approximately billion Muslims, has been originally written in Arabic language. Apparently, when translating Quran to English language, several semantic issues have been caught by researchers. Such issues lies on the ambiguity of words such as 'اراھنو لایل' and 'باسحلا موی', which are translated into 'day and night' and 'judgment day'. Such ambiguity has to be eliminated by determining the exact sense of the translated word. Several research efforts have been intended to disambiguate the sense of translated Quran. However, the process of identifying an appropriate method for WSD in translated Quran is still challenging task. This is due to the complexity of Arabic morphology. Hence, this study aims to propose an adaption for Yarowsky algorithm as a WSD method for Quranic translation. In addition, this study aims to develop an IR prototype based on the proposed adaption method in order to evaluate such method based on the retrieval effectiveness. In fact, the dataset that has been used in this study is a collection of Quranic content. Several pre-processing tasks have been performed in order to eliminate the irrelevant data such as stop-words, numbers and punctuation. Sequentially, two lists of senses for each ambiguity word will be created with their context. This would be performed in order to let the Yarowsky algorithm train on such example set. After that, a decision list will be constructed by the Yarowsky algorithm, which depicts the labelling sense of each word. The evaluation method that has been used in this study is the three IR evaluation metrics; Precision, Recall and F-measure. The experimental results have shown a 77% of f-measure. Such result seems to be weak in compared to the results of Yarowsky that have been applied in open domain. This is due to the lack of examples that could be extracted from Quran for both senses. Meanwhile, such result seems to be competitive in WSD of Quranic translation. Finally, it can be concluded that WSD has a significant impact on the IR system by improving the retrieval effectiveness.


Provided is a sensor-based data recognition system capable of real-time response, comprising: multiple portable identification terminals that can be carried, a gateway system, and a back-end computer. The system configuration and method flow of the present invention are logical, can record any status update data for targets and respond real-time even with a large volume of information. Additionally, the mobile identification terminals have low power consumption and are thus suitable for scenarios that require long periods of operation, such as anti-theft systems in markets, detention locations, and warehouse management.


Introduction C. P. Snow's The Two Cultures (1) deals at length with the lack of communication between the world of science and that of the humanities, which he treats almost exclusively in terms of literature. Snow does, however, remark that music is an "important exception" to the general lack of art in the culture of the sciences. (2) Taking this thought a bit further, one might state that the arts in general, and music in particular, have various links to each of the two cultures, and thus offer a potential means of contact between these domains. The following discussion will explore some of the most important connections and suggest ways to make them a vital part of the educational process, not only in the school years but also in undergraduate general education classes. What I am advocating may appear somewhat radical: music should be taught not in isolation but rather in a manner that coordinates with and supports instruction in other subjects. Such a policy would lead to better communication in adult life among individuals pursuing a variety of careers. While the present commentary will focus on classical music, some of the observations may apply to other types of music--folk, jazz, popular genres, even non-western--as well. Discussion When I speak of music study, I mean more than just listening or performing, although these activities are vitally important; the direct experience of music transcends language and thus holds the potential to bring diverse groups together, at least momentarily. (Many school districts do foster cross-cultural understanding with music programs that include singing, and dancing to, music from many different traditions.) This proposal, however, however, will draw on an idea that goes back to late antiquity. At that time music was considered one of the seven liberal arts, within which it was grouped with arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy to form the subdivision known as the quadrivium. In that context music meant what we would now call music theory (the technical and detailed study of how music is put together) with an emphasis on its connections to mathematics--a connection that has remained a source of fascination from the ancient Greeks down to our own time. (3) Plato (427-347 B.C.), writing in the Republic (380-370 B.C.), describes how children of the ruling class should be trained in the underlying relationships among music, plane and solid geometry, and astronomy. (4) By contrast, children of the warrior class that would defend the ideal Republic were merely to be exposed to specific types of music that would mold their characters to the desired ends. The world-view of the ancient Greeks saw music as the embodiment of mathematics, and thus fundamental. In the Timaeus (date uncertain) Plato, like Pythagoras (sixth century, B.C.) and his adherents, attributes musical proportions to the universe itself, while in the Republic he speaks of a silent "music" produced by the movement of the celestial bodies. This idea of a "music of the spheres" proved to be enormously influential on philosophy and the arts for many centuries; (5) a full treatment of that topic, however, lies beyond the scope of the present paper. Suffice it here merely to state that educated people from late antiquity throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and beyond, were expected to have a basic understanding of "music" in the sense of the quadrivium. (Singing, playing, and dancing were also pursued as cultivated pastimes by the upper classes. However, virtuoso-level performance was left to professional performers, who generally came from the lower classes.) Today it would seem reasonable to consider "music," in the sense of the seven liberal arts, as having a broader scope than in centuries past. Not only does it relate to mathematics, which is the language of science, but also (whether literally or symbolically) to a variety of other disciplines: computer programming; history, sociology, and philosophy, myth and its symbols, and by way of myth, psychology. …


Presents an efficient scheme for CAD-based inspection of objects in range imagery. A template-matching technique is used to compare a random set of surface points from the object model to the sensed object. Several matching statistics are proposed and examined for verification suitability. The authors propose this technique as the first step for coarse verification of an assembled object whose pose and identity are known.<<ETX>>


The predictive capability of the
gland/smooth muscle ratio of the prostate gland
regarding the outcome of medical treatment of benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was evaluated.
Thirty patients referred for lower urinary tract
symptoms and with a negative prostate biopsy for a
suspicious digital rectal examination or elevated
serum PSA levels were included in the study. International
Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was obtained
and uroflowmetry were performed in each
patient. All patients were administered 5 mg of tera-
􀀀osin once daily with dose titration for 6 weeks and
then the IPSS and the uroflowmetry were repeated.
The biopsy specimens were reviewed to find out the
gland/smooth muscle ratio. A correlation between
the gland/smooth muscle ratio of the prostate gland
and the percent improvement in the IPSS and uroflowmetry
was assessed. Mean age of the patients
was 65.3. Mean pre-treatment values of IPSS, Qmax
and Qave were 14.6±5.7, 10.6±2.9 mL/s and 5.2±1.7
mL/s; whereas, post-treatment measurements were
9.3±4.8, 12.9±3.8 mL/s and 6.3±2.2 mL/s, respectively.
All of the differences between pre- and posttreatment
measurements were statistically significant
(p


The resistance to reverse ESD voltage provides an improved GaN-based light emitting device and a method of manufacturing the same. A gallium nitride based light-emitting device according to the present invention is a gallium nitride-based light emitting device having a sequentially formed an n-type GaN-based cladding layer, an active layer, type p GaN-based cladding layer and the p-type electrode on a substrate, the n-type GaN-based the n-side electrode formed on the one side region of the clad layer; It is separated from the n-electrode is connected to the n-side electrode, and a two or more MIM type tunnel junction structure formed on the other side region of the n-type GaN-based cladding layer. Gallium nitride, light-emitting device, electrostatic discharge,


Two resistors, connected as in Fig. 20-1, make up a voltage divider circuit. If the input voltage is Vin, the output voltage Vout is expressed as V out = V in × R 2 R1 + R2 This is a simple equation, but when the resistors are numbered differently, or if they are replaced by some other component, it is easy to confuse what is divided by what. A better way to express the equation is V out = V in × resistance across the output resistance across the input Alternatively, we might define the gain G as Gain = V out V in = resistance across the output resistance across the input In this case, the output appears across resistor R 2 , while the input is applied to the series combination of R 1 and R 2 , so we divide R 2 by R 1 + R 2. For example, if both resistors are 1000 ohms, then the gain would be Fig. 20-2 shows two other circuits which are configured the same way, but which substitute a capacitor instead of one of the resistors. We still use the same equation, except that we substitute the word impedance instead of resistance, like this: Gain = Vout V in = impedance across the output impedance across the input (20-1) Circuit (a) is called an RC low-pass filter; RC because it uses a resistor and capacitor, and low-pass because it passes (lets through) low-frequency AC signals, but reduces or stops high-frequency signals. Circuit (b) is called a high-pass RC filter because it lets through high frequency signals, but reduces or stops low-frequency signals. The reason that these circuits react to the frequency of the signal is because the reactance X C of a capacitor depends on the frequency f: X C = 1 2πf C In simple terms, at high frequencies X C is very small and so the capacitor behaves like a short circuit. At low frequencies, on the other hand, X C is very large, and so the capacitor behaves like an open circuit. At high frequencies the capacitor in the low-pass filter of Fig. 20-2 (a) looks like a short circuit, and therefore shorts the output signal, not letting high frequencies through. In the high-pass filter of Fig. 20-2 (b), on the other hand, the capacitor at low frequencies acts like an open circuit and does not …


organizations such as human rights watch and Amnesty International in addressing torture by the United States in the "global war on terror." Efforts in Europe in the 18th century to eradicate "judicial torture" – the lawful use of torture by the courts – provides a good starting point for looking at problems in eliminating torture today. As of the 18th century, every country in continental Europe engaged in the practice of judicial torture. But by the end of the 18th century, judicial torture was completely abolished. Historians cite two reasons for that. First, the rules of procedure in criminal courts changed. Previously, unless you had two eyewitnesses to the actual crime, the only way you could convict someone was if they confessed to crime. Confession, the "Queen of Proofs," encouraged the use of torture. And in fact, every state in continental Europe had detailed manuals on how to lawfully go about torturing suspected criminals. In the 18th century, these rules of procedure changed a bit, and allowed for criminal convictions based on circumstantial evidence, which made it much easier to get a conviction and made confessions, and hence torture, less necessary. There was a second, equally important reason. In 1764, a 25-year-old Italian marquis named Cesare Beccaria was asked by several of his activist friends to write something about the practice of torture and criminal punishment. His short pamphlet, "On Crimes and Punishment," almost instantly became one of the most influential documents on criminal justice of all time. It was an eloquent denouncement not just of the system then prevailing in Italy, but throughout Europe. Beccaria's arguments against the practice of torture had been made many times before, but he did so in a way that captured the public imagination. Leading lights of the Enlightenment, such as Montesquieu and Voltaire, took up the pamphlet, and translated it into multiple languages, and promoted its rapid spread across Europe. Its impact on getting both state officials and the educated public to rethink their views on torture cannot be overstated. Turning to the present, I'd like to consider the current role of international human rights organizations in battling torture for national security purposes. Monitoring groups like Human Rights Watch are most effective when they uncover new, previPanel 2: How Are Laws Applied and Detention Practices Reformed?


This research aims to reconstruct non-Austronesian language relationships focus on the languages of the Kao ethnic, Pagu ethnic, Boeng ethnic, and Modole ethnicities in the Kao sub-district, West District, North District, Kao Teluk District and Malifut District. The method used in this research focuses on lexicostatistical methods to find similarities, differences, similarities in linguistic characteristics (shared of linguistics) in related vocabulary in the languages of the Kao ethnicity, Pagu ethnicity, Boeng ethnicity, and Modole ethnicity. The approach in this study uses a comparative historical and qualitative descriptive approach. The results found in this study are (1) the existence of kinship data for non-Austronesian languages in the Kao ethnic, Pagu ethnic, Boeng and Modole ethnic languages, (2) non-Austronesian languages in ethnic Kao, Pagu ethnic, Boeng ethnic have a close relationship compared to Modole ethnic (3) The basic vocabulary patterns of the Kao ethnic, Pagu ethnic, Boeng ethnic, and Modole ethnic form word structures Vowels (V), Vocal-Consonants (VC), Consonants-Vowels (CV), Consonants-Vocals-Consonants (CVC), Consonants-Vocals-Consonants-Consonants (CVCC), and Consonants-Consonants-Vocals (CCV). (4) The proto-kinship languages of the Kao, Pagu, Boeng, and Modole ethnicities have the proto-kinship languages of Kao, Pagu, and short Boeng (PKaoPB), which means that they come from one body, while the language of the Modole ethnic group has a language level of This microphylum that describes the Modole ethnic language has a kinship with the Kao ethnic language, whose tempo of separation is estimated to be 50-75 centuries ago. The conclusions of the study confirmed that the non-Austronesian language families, in this case the languages of the Kao ethnicity, Pagu ethnicity, Boeng ethnicity, and Modole ethnicity, have inter-ethnic kinship relationships that are built on one language family (language family).


GPR15 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that directs lymphocyte homing to the colon and skin. Recent studies have identified a chemokine-like protein C10orf99/GPR15L as a functional ligand of GPR15. In this study we examined the structural elements that regulate the GPR15-GPR15L interaction with primary focus on post-translational modifications (PTMs) of receptor N-terminus and on the C-terminus of the ligand. Our findings reveal that the GPR15 receptor is sulfated on the N-terminal Tyr residue(s) and disruption of Tyr sulfation inhibited binding of GPR15L. In contrast, the disruption of O-glycosylation on the N-terminal Thr/Ser residues or the removal of α2,3-linked sialic acids from O-glycans enhanced the GPR15L binding. Thus, GPR15 represents a unique chemoattractant receptor in which different N-terminal PTMs regulate its ligand binding in a contrasting manner. We further demonstrate that unlike canonical chemokines, GPR15L activity critically requires its extreme C-terminal residue and its hydrophobicity may be a key attribute that facilitates an optimal interaction with the receptor. Our results reveal novel insights into chemoattractant receptor-ligand interaction and provide a valid footing for potential intervention targeting GPR15-GPR15L axis.


Are children natural philosophers? They are curious about questions such as the meaning and purpose of being alive and whether we can know anything at all. Pre-college philosophy takes as a starting point young people's inherent interest in large questions about the human condition. Philosophy and Education: Introducing Philosophy to Young People seeks to illuminate the ways in which philosophy can strengthen and deepen pre-college education. The book examines various issues involved in teaching philosophy to young people at different grade levels, including assessing what teachers need in order to teach philosophy and describing several models for introducing philosophy into schools. Ways to explore specific branches of philosophy - ethics, epistemology, metaphysics, aesthetics, and logic - through literature, thought experiments, and games and activities, as well as traditional philosophy texts, are described. The book's final section considers student assessment and program evaluation, and analyzes the contributions pre-college philosophy can make to education in general. Teachers and educators - and parents - all want young people to grow up with the skills they need to pursue their own goals and become productive and successful adults. Thinking independently and reasoning clearly are central to these objectives. Philosophy helps students develop some of the analytic skills they need to engage in thoughtful decision-making throughout their lives, and the richness of the questions involved can help young people maintain their awareness of the world as marvelous and mysterious.


In the English Renaissance culture, an autonomous, self-authorizing and impenetrable self is regarded as rebellious to the state power and hence an object of constant gaze and surveillance. The self whose inward and secret heart causes anxiety to the powers that be, brings forth the birth of information apparatuses. The inner and secret sanctum of the self is a private center which can be arrived at only by passing through the long corridor of public rooms and antechambers. Once reached, the private center is no longer a room of one own, but a public place. Therefore the early modern self is a moot point where the subject and the object are meddled with. This means that the Shakespearean self is quite different from the Descartean self, which is totally detached from the impersonated nature and following its own method of reasoning procedure. Gertrude's closet is still invaded by the presences of Polonius, Hamlet, and even the Ghost, and therein she is forced to pry open her secret heart. The private space of the self is openly appropriated to the public eyes on the Renaissance stage. The flourishing of the English Renaissance drama was made possible by the ambiguous nature of the self, both self-concealing and self-revealing at once. If the self is particular and singular inwardness completely resistant to the penetration of public eyes, it is impossible to limn it into a typical character, while if it is a public room "unpacking its heart like a whore," individuation of an authentic and autonomous character is likewise impossible. This kind of dilemma on the part of the playwright is represented by the conflict of self-will and the cosmic moral order on the part of dramatic characters. However, both this dilemma and conflict paradoxically make the deeper and richer characterization possible. Hamlet's perplexing and playacting self is the source of mysteriousness of his heart into which we enter in doubt and never come out of its bourn with its secret. The Ghost is a kind of narrative of the past asking Hamlet to re/member him. Hamlet's revenge of his father is equivalent to rewriting the story of his father's death written by Claudius. The Ghost is a modern self haunting here and everywhere, anxious and eager to reinvent and revise the past. It is an old mole progressing in the underground towards the light of the Enlightenment. By impersonating the Ghost, Hamlet can write his own story crying out, "Tis I, Hamlet the Dane." However, Shakespeare gives the final voice to Fortinbras and so implies that the sovereignty of consciousness and a private self is still subject to the medieval and militaristic heroism. Shakespeare is still hovering over the writings of his past as memory traces.


This article intends to focus the concept of liberalism in Brazil between 1750 and 1850, pointing out some differences of the Brazilian speeches towards Europe and Spanish America. Besides, the concept of liberalism is considered in its immediate conceptual neighborhood (liberals, representative government, constitution) and its contra-concepts (absolutism, despotism, hunchbackism) in the context of the debates of independence and the practice of party system during the first half of the nineteenth century.


For a d-dimensional Cohen-Macaulay local ring (R, mn) we study the depth of the associated graded ring of R with respect to an rm-primary ideal I in terms of the Vallabrega-Valla conditions and the length of It+ /JIt, where J is a J minimal reduction of I and t > 1. As a corollary we generalize Sally's conjecture on the depth of the associated graded ring with respect to a maximal ideal to rm-primary ideals. We also study the growth of the Hilbert function.


Food-induced allergic reactions are diagnosed through corroboration of a suggestive clinical history with appropriate confirmatory tests. The major confirmatory tests include skin prick tests and serum specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels. When the diagnosis is inconclusive, oral food challenges are performed (1).


The contamination of surface and groundwater is of major concern around the globe due to the fast industrialization and urbanization. The groundwater and water quality of rivers, Ravi and Chenab in Faisalabad, Pakistan are contaminated due to the industrial wastewater. The aim of this study was the assessment of the physiochemical contaminants of Faisalabad's industrial wastewater area and the adsorptive removal of ions present in high concentrations following the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for the municipal and industrial liquid effluents of Pakistan. One of the two samples was collected from a drain carrying wastewater from different industries and other from the outlet of a drain discharging wastewater into river Chenab. The analysis results obtained indicate that most of the contaminants were below the acceptable limit of industrial wastewater NEQS, Pakistan. However, contaminants like sulfate ions (714 mg/L), total dissolved solids (33,951–34,620 mg/L) and barium ions (11–15 mg/L) were found to be higher than the allowable level of NEQS for the municipal and industrial liquid effluents for Pakistan. A novel biosorbent synthesized indigenously from Monotheca buxifolia seeds was used for the removal of sulfate, barium and TDS from the wastewater effluent samples. This biosorbent successfully reduced the sulfate ion concentration in the wastewater sample from 714 to 420 mg/L at pH 6 in 1 h. Similarly, the concentration of TDS reduced to 33,951 from 6295 mg/L at pH 4, whereas barium ions were removed from 15 to 1 mg/L at pH 10 in 1 h. Treatment of wastewater through the synthesized biosorbent efficiently removed the high concentration ions and could potentially be applied to reduce the toxic effects of these contaminants on local public health.


Simulation is universally considered the most effective method of designing and evaluating new network protocols. When developing protocols for mobile networking, the chosen mobility model is one of the key determinants in the success of an accurate simulation. The main role of a mobility model is to mimic the movement behaviors of actual users. Several mobility models, with widely differing characteristics, are employed in contemporary simulation-supported research. Some are simple but far from representative of real user movement patterns, while others provide more complex and realistic modeling. Given the critical role of the mobility model in supporting realistic and accurate protocol simulations, its correct design and selection is essential. In this paper we critique a number of recent mobility models.


The paper describes activities and results achieved together the organizational and economical aspects of the project EETAH-on-line (European Education, Training and Accreditation in Hematology on-line). The main goal is to improve and harmonize professional skills and competences in this medical field. The target groups are the following: students, physicians, nurses and technical staff involved in the hematological education and training; expert hematologists who need continuing training; all physicians of linked specialties who may take advantage of these scientific contents; institutions running certified programs in hematological education, training and accreditation.


Recently, the authors have shown that in optimally doped and overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCuOs+6(Bi2212) samples, the spectral weight n(k) f A(k ,w) f (w)dw , where f (w) is the Fermi function, and A(fc, w) is the spectral function, has long straight segments that are confined within k~ = 4-~4a or k ~ = ' 4 ~ [1]. This feature is intriguingly similar to that of the La1.4sNdo.4Sro.12Cu04 (Nd-LSCO) system [2], in which static spin/charge order has been reported [3]. In this paper, we will show that this aspect of the data is a very robust feature of the Bi2212 system with various doping.


Fertilizer effect on turf grass of hybrid Zoysia was observed. The preliminary results showed that different coverage density at different growth time, different treatment was significant different on coverage density, application N 6 g/m2, P2O5 4g/m2coverage density was biggest among 16 treatments. Meanwhile different treatment was significant different on the growing time needed for turf grass, application N 6 g/m2, P2O5 4 g/m2 was shortest with only 93 days.


Aims: Laccase, a copper-containing enzyme, oxidizes variety of aromatic compounds. Since laccase is essential for lignin degradation, it can be used for lignin removal in the pulp and paper industry (biopulping). Laccase is also employed as a dechlorinating agent (biobleaching), along with the removal of phenolic and other aromatic pollutants. In the present investigation it was aimed to employ the laccase produced by the bacterium Klebsiella aerogenes along with the bacterium itself in biopulping of sugarcane bagasse and biobleaching of kraft liquor effluent. Methodology and results: A laccase was isolated from the bacterium K. aerogenes, purified to homogeneity and characterized. The enzyme was purified by conventional techniques following salt precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography on Con A sepharose. The purified laccase was found to be monomeric glycoprotein with a Mr of 64 kDa when measured by Sephadex G-200 gel chromatography and SDS-PAGE. The Vmax and Km of laccase towards the substrate guaiacol was determined. The optimum pH of the laccase was found to be 5.0. biopulping and biobleaching activities were determined by TAPPI standard methods. Treatment of sugarcane baggase by K. aerogenes also significantly reduced lignin content of the bagasse. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The bacterium K. aerogenes and a laccase produced by it were used separately for biopulping of sugarcane bagasse and biobleaching of kraft liquor effluent. Treatment with both brought significant reduction in lignin content and kappa number of the pulp. The handsheets prepared from the treated pulp showed improved brightness without affecting the strength properties of paper. The bacterium and the laccase efficiently decolorized the kraft liquor proving to have biobleaching potential.


169 Background: In this era of electronic health records (EHR), quality monitoring can be a fast repetitive process. Having access to the relational database of the EHR permits rapid case identification and quality indicator determination. We hereby describe evaluation of hepatitis B testing prior to rituximab administration, a quality measure as per ASCO guidelines.

METHODS
We connected SQL Query Manager with EPIC Clarity database. Using the object model for medication orders, location and department, we used SQL language to build a temporary dataset of all patients who have a completed order for a Rituximab infusion at a specific department location within the past 6 months. Using the dataset obtained in step 2, we created a smaller dataset with one row for each patient. We updated each unique patient row by updating columns for the count of completed Rituximab infusions, the first infusion date and the last infusion date. We then updated each row from a query of the order procedure and results object model. The unique patient id and component id are the key fields for this query. The Hepatitis B surface antigen and core antibody results were queried from up to 6 months prior to the initial rituximab dose. We looped through the dataset and compared the first Rituximab start date with the Hepatitis B testing date. If the testing date is before the drug administration date, a Boolean column was updated to indicate a 1 for passing the quality measure and a 0 for not passing. Finally, we reviewed that chart of any patients who fail the electronic quality measure check as some Hepatitis B testing may be represented in scanned results and these scanned results cannot be queried.

RESULTS
When the final SQL query runs, it takes less than a minute to see the result set. The query can be run at any interval or date range. Once the SQL procedure is created, there is essentially no labor and very low costs to run procedure at specific time intervals.

CONCLUSIONS
Quality control is integral for improvement in patient care. Doing quality monitoring can be labor intensive, expensive, repetitive and time consuming. By using the relational database created and maintained by the EHR we can accomplish the quality control in faster way that is time and cost effective.


This study provides an understanding of rituals enacted in unmarried couple relationships. One hundred and twenty-nine individuals involved in unmarried relationships reported on their rituals in an online, open-ended questionnaire. A typology of 16 ritual types was developed. Twelve of the rituals have been shown to be common in marital relationships. Four new ritual categories, unique to unmarried relationships, emerged from the data. The new categories were gift-giving, helping each other/being supportive, future planning/daydreaming about the future, and family involvement. Implications for future research on couple rituals are suggested.


We report a case of an 86 year old female who presented to the emergency department with small bowel prolapsing through a ruptured vaginal vault which initially was thought to be secondary to an acute exacerbation of her chronic cough by a recent chest infection. Small bowel was successfully reduced followed by a Posterior vaginal wall repair which was carried out under spinal anaesthesia. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged home after six days. Four months later she presented to emergency department with one week history of colicky lower abdominal pain and abdominal distension and a CT scan showed small bowel obstruction. She had exploratory laparotomy, loop ileostomy, biopsy of omentum and repair of caecal serosal tear. Post op she was on ITU and died of Aspiration pneumonitis after 4 days. The histology report of the tissue from vaginal vault sent during previous transvaginal vault support and posterior vaginal wall repair reported as 'highly suspicious for infiltration of a malignant tumour' in the region. The diagnosis was disseminated intra-abdominal malignancy from ovarian high grade tumour. After reviewing this case it would be worthwhile considering the possibility of ovarian malignancy in patients with vaginal vault rupture and investigate further.


Summary

Inter-simple sequence repeat markers were employed to study the genetic structure of Fusarium graminearum populations collected from three Canadian provinces. Our study suggested high genetic diversity and frequent gene flow among population samples analysed. The analysis of molecular variance indicated that most of the gene diversity (91.78% to 97.23%) was distributed within populations. Frequent gene flow among the western prairie provinces and cluster analysis results indicated that the population sample from Alberta was closer to Saskatchewan than Manitoba, which could be the result of movement of the pathogen via infected grain or through wind-borne ascospore dispersal. Analysis of multilocus associations showed that all populations were in linkage equilibrium, indicating that sexual recombination is a frequent phenomenon in F. graminearum populations from western Canada.


Although previous research has found a positive relationship between information elaboration and team decision quality if team members possess diverse information, we know little about the boundary conditions of this relationship. In this study, we provide a more nuanced understanding of these boundary conditions by focusing on team‐external and team‐internal contingencies. Based on a sample of 52 student teams working on a decision‐making task, we find a complex three‐way interaction between information elaboration, information reliability, and team reflection in explaining team decision quality. The relationship between information elaboration and team decision quality was not significant when teams were confronted with unreliable information independent of their level of reflection. However, for teams confronted with reliable information, the relationship between information elaboration and team decision quality was positive for low levels of reflection but negative for high levels of reflection. Our results provide important implications for our understanding of information elaboration, team reflection, and the context of team decision making.


Two large observational studies — ART-CC and NA-ACCORD (JW AIDS Clin Care Apr 17 2009) — demonstrated the merits of starting antiretroviral therapy


To secure e-health communications, key management protocols play a vital role in the security process. Nevertheless, current e-health systems are unable to run existing standardised key management protocols due to their limited energy power and computational capabilities. In this paper, we introduce two solutions to tailor MIKEY-Ticket protocol to a such constrained environment. Firstly, we propose a new header compression scheme to reduce the size of MIKEY's header from 12 Bytes to 3 Bytes in the best compression case. Secondly, we present a new exchange mode to reduce the number of exchanged messages from 6 to 4. We use a formal validation tool to evaluate and validate the security properties of our tailored MIKEY-Ticket protocol. In addition, we evaluate both communication and computational costs to demonstrate the energy gain. The results show a decrease in MIKEY-Ticket overhead and a considerable energy gain without compromising its security properties.


Seed traps were installed in 10 summer fallow sites across Saskatchewan to monitor annual additions to buried seed populations. Soil cores (7.5 cm deep) were also collected at these sites and tested for viable seeds through seedling emergence under greenhouse conditions. Seedlings of 33 forb species, 5 grass species, and 3 tree species emerged from the traps, whereas seedlings of 28 forb species, 4 grass species, and 1 tree species emerged from the cores. Although the nature of seed input for agricultural sites in different parts of Saskatchewan was highly variable, the annual seed rain onto fallow represented an important supplement to the buried seed reserves and would be an influence on subsequent weed communities in cultivated fields.


Previous studies have determined that diet and lifestyle may trigger the onset of symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. It remains unclear as to how these triggers precipitate the onset of specific symptoms. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible diet and lifestyle trigger factors in Caucasian patients with heartburn. Ethical approval was gained from the Bedfordshire Local Research Ethics Committee. Ten male patients of mean age 53.1 (range 43–64) years and twelve female patients of mean age 53.1 (range 31–63) years were recruited from a general practitioner surgery in Bedfordshire, UK. All participants completed a symptoms and triggers diary for seven consecutive days, indicating the time of symptom onset, the type of symptom, severity and associated trigger factors. Symptoms were categorised using the validated gastro-oesophageal reflux disease questionnaire, the GERD impact scale. This scale is used in the primary-care setting to assess how frequently symptoms are reported and the impact of these symptoms on patient's daily lifestyle. As there were no significant differences between the genders they were analysed together.


The goal for the Third Generation (3G) of mobile communications system is to seamlessly integrate a wide variety of communication services. The rapidly increasing popularity of mobile radio services has created a series of technological challenges. One of this is the need for power and spectrally efficient modulation schemes to meet the spectral requirements of mobile communications. Pulse shaping plays a crucial role in spectral shaping in the modern wireless communication to reduce the spectral bandwidth. Pulse shaping is a spectral processing technique by which fractional out of band power is reduced for low cost, reliable , power and spectrally efficient mobile radio communication systems. It is clear that the pulse shaping filter not only reduces inter-symbol interference (ISI), but it also reduces adjacent channel interference. The present paper deals with critical analysis of pulse shaping in wireless communication.


The paper explores the current transformations in the Quality Assurance (QA) system in the Higher Education (HE) of the Republic of Uzbekistan and examines the impact of the World Bank Modernising Higher Education project which aims, among other issues, to develop and implement a new system of external QA and strengthen the system of internal QA. The research analyses annual and quarterly reports prepared by the Project Team of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialised Education of Uzbekistan, World Bank, Expert Advisory Panel as well as national and international consultants. In addition to this, a series of interviews were conducted with key stakeholders in Uzbekistan. The data received from the analysis of project reports and other documents were triangulated with the data obtained during semi-structured interviews. The research addresses the issues of the process of reforms in QA system at national and university levels and the gradual transformation of QA culture. It covers challenges in the introduction of new QA arrangements and assesses the role of various actors in the process of transformations.


For the solution of air pollution caused by internal combustion engine vehicles, many countries have encouraged the usage of electric vehicles (EVs). However, by allowing more EVs without smart charging control or proper power grid operational strategies, undesirable problems related to the power grid operation may occur. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of EVs on radial distribution networks with residential and commercial loads based on Jeju island, the largest island in the coast of Korea. A probabilistic approach was used to determine EV charging demand. This study considered various variables affecting the EV charging demand such as charging starting time, initial state-of-charge of a battery, and EV battery charging characteristics. The total power demand and voltage deviation in the distribution systems were generated by a back/forward sweep method for a power flow analysis, and the energy losses on distribution networks were analyzed. The simulation results of this study showed that the power peak demand on the distribution systems can increase up to 60%, the system voltage can fall below 6.6% during the evening, and their energy losses can increase up to 66% because of 40% EVs penetration among the total vehicles in the studied cases.


. . .Perhaps the medical profession should take a close look at its attitude towards statistics. The medical statisticians are thin on the ground, and it would be unrealistic to expect all papers with some statistical content to be refereed by them, even if this was thought desirable. Another way to tackle the problem is through undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. Since most medical students will not become research-workers, it is debatable whether the computational complexities of a test form a relevant part of their medical education. However, all doctors should keep up to date with developments reported in the journals, and to do so adequately they must learn to judge published work critically. It is this aspect of statistics which appears to be in most need of emphasis in undergraduate medical education.
 For the aspiring researcher, the most important statistical skills to be learnt at postgraduate level are the design of experiments, surveys, and clinical trials. Without them the techniques of statistical analysis, which also need to be learnt at this time, may have poor material to work on.
 Unless moves of this sort occur the present situation is likely to continue. Many research-workers will spend much of their time on work which is doomed in advance to be of no medical or scientific merit; valuable research facilities will be inefficiently used; the literature will continue to produce articles where the conclusions do not follow from the data. Worst of all, such articles will continue to be believed.


To study the operation characteristics of light electric vehicle, the paper developed a battery management system of light electric vehicle. The system mainly contains battery protection module, battery equalization module, battery data management module. It could be real-time monitoring the operation parameters of batteries effectively: rotational speed of motor, State of Charge (SOC) of the batteries, voltage and current of the batteries, temperature of the feature points in the battery package. It can also equal the voltage inconsistency between different batteries and realize the protection and alarm functions etc. The results showed, the system ran stable, reliable, and met the precision requirements, thereby the system lays a foundation for the engineering application.


The ground level O3 and SPM (PM2.5) are the two essential sources which change the quality of ambient air in the atmosphere due to which air pollution caused. The diurnal average of O3 and PM2.5 in 2013 and 2014 reflects the annual variations in their concentrations. The correlation of O3 and PM2.5 with temperature shows negative correlation (r=--0.6015 and -0.3392, r= -0.757 and -0.819) in 2013 and 2014.


The development steps of the radiological box model of the Aegean Sea are presented here. The applied methodology combines all the available and necessary site specific information. The modelling approach includes terms describing the radionuclide dispersion into oceanic space with time (non-instantaneous mixing), while the model's algorithms also cover whole processes of radionuclides' transfer, bioaccumulation and doses assessment. The model includes 50 marine and sediment boxes, optimized based on experimental radiocesium measurements followed the Chernobyl accident. The process is expected to reveal the key parameters controlling the radionuclides' fate as well as their effect on the model's prediction.


Disc-cube dyads with a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) molecule covalently attached to a hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) molecule were designed and synthesized. The results demonstrate that the length of a spacer plays an important role in the self-assembly behavior of the HBC-POSS dyad.


The paper shows the feasibility of the ground Radon measurement method according to the analysis of Radon abnormality in mined out area. It explains further the application of Radon measurement,giving an example of exploring a mined-out area under the office building at the middle school in Suohuang town.


The plant oil based bio-formulation of Beauveria bassiana (B2 and TBb8) strains and its mixture amended with and without plant derived oils were developed and tested for their efficacy against the lepidopteran fruit borer insect pest (Helicoverpa armigera) in tomato under glasshouse and field conditions. Application of oil based bio-formulation of strains mixture (amended with or without oil) through seed, soil and foliar spray effectively reduced the incidence of fruit borer in tomato compared to individual control treatments both under glasshouse and field conditions. Tomato leaves when treated with this bioformulation mixture, altered the feeding behavior of fruit borer larvae and increased larval mortality under in vitro. Further, a significant increase in growth parameters and yield were observed in tomato plants treated with compared to untreated control. Increased accumulation of defence related enzyme was observed in tomato plants treated with against H. armigera when compared to other treatments.


A series of boride (TiB2, ZrB2, NbB2, CeB6, PrB6, SmB6, EuB6, LaB6), carbide (SiC, TiC, NbC, WC), and nitride (TiN, BN, AlN, MgSiN2, VN) micro/nanocrystals are prepared from the corresponding metal oxides and amorphous boron/active carbon/NaN3 in the presence of metallic Na and elemental S (autoclave, 150 °C, 2 h).


Ice nucleating particles (INPs) are a rare subset of particles that can have an outsized impact relative to their prevalence. To simulate INP variability, models require parameterizations for the most important sources of INPs. Most parameterizations in the literature were developed from laboratory experiments that used proxies for ambient particles. Whether these laboratory models effectively represent ambient aerosol is still not well understood and parameterizations developed from field measurements may be more atmospherically relevant. Expanding on previous work in which we used an ice chamber and a single‐particle mass spectrometer (SPMS) to characterize INP composition, we calculate heterogeneous ice nucleation rate coefficients for ambient particles. We find good agreement between our dust and previous measurements of airborne dust. We also use a Monte Carlo approach to assess the relative contribution of each measurement to the uncertainty and find that the biggest source is the sampling efficiency of the SPMS.


The inhibition of dihydropteroate synthase extracts by sulfones and sulfonamides has been determined. Structural dependency of the observed I50-values has been quantitatively explained by multiple regression and principal component analysis. New highly active sulfones have been synthesized guided by the derived QSAR. The analysis leads to the conclusion that electronic and steric substituent effects are decisive and that sulfones and sulfonamides are binding to the same receptor site. The LFE-descriptors used are correlated with the minimal conformational entropy. The results are also compared with the results obtained in cell-free and whole cell systems of bacteria. The additional influence of cell-wall permeability on inhibitory efficacy is demonstrated.