We present MotionBERT, a unified pretraining framework, to tackle different sub-tasks of human motion analysis including 3D pose estimation, skeleton-based action recognition, and mesh recovery. The proposed framework is capable of utilizing all kinds of human motion data resources, including motion capture data and in-the-wild videos. During pretraining, the pretext task requires the motion encoder to recover the underlying 3D motion from noisy partial 2D observations. The pretrained motion representation thus acquires geometric, kinematic, and physical knowledge about human motion and therefore can be easily transferred to multiple downstream tasks. We implement the motion encoder with a novel Dual-stream Spatio-temporal Transformer (DSTformer) neural network. It could capture long-range spatio-temporal relationships among the skeletal joints comprehensively and adaptively, exemplified by the lowest 3D pose estimation error so far when trained from scratch. More importantly, the proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance on all three downstream tasks by simply finetuning the pretrained motion encoder with 1-2 linear layers, which demonstrates the versatility of the learned motion representations. 1


AbstractSince it is of great importance to know how a ligand binds to a receptor, there have been a lot of efforts to improve the quality of prediction of docking poses. Earlier efforts were focused on improving search algorithm and scoring function in a docking program resulting in a partial improvement with a lot of variations. Although these are basically very important and essential, more tangible improvements came from the reduction of search space. In a normal docking study, the approximate active site is assumed to be known. After defining active site, scoring functions and search algorithms are used to locate the expected binding pose within this search space. A good search algorithm will sample wisely toward the correct binding pose. By careful study of receptor structure, it was possible to prioritize sub-space in the active site using "receptor-based pharmacophores" or "hot spots". In a sense, these techniques reduce the search space from the beginning. Further improvements were made when the bound ligand structure is available, i.e., the searching could be directed by molecular similarity using ligand information. This could be very helpful to increase the accuracy of binding pose. In addition, if the biological activity data is available, docking program could be improved to the level of being useful in affinity prediction for a series of congeneric ligands. Since the number of co-crystal structures is increasing in protein databank, "Ligand-Guided Docking" to reduce the search space would be more important to improve the accuracy of docking pose prediction and the efficiency of virtual screening. Further improvements in this area would be useful to produce more reliable docking programs.Key words : Structure-based design, Ligand-based design, Docking, Search space, Ligand-guided docking


Introduction: We developed and both internally and externally validated a simple scoring system called General Evaluation Score (GES) for HCC risk stratification. Aim: To ascertain the validity of this score in a large prospective cohort of cured hepatitis C patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease who achieved a sustained virological response following direct acting antivirals. Patients and methods: This single-center prospective study included 463 consecutive patients, with advanced fibrosis (≥F3) who achieved SVR. The patients were recruited from the outpatient clinics at the Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital between January 2018 and October 2019. All patients underwent abdominal ultrasound and multislice computed tomography for surveillance of HCC before starting antiviral therapy. Patients were followed up every 6 months after the end of treatment using ultrasonography and alpha-fetoprotein in addition to MSCT every 12 months. Results: A total of 463 patients were included, of which 197 (42.5%), 114 (24.6%), and 152 (32.8%) had low, intermediate, and high-risk scores calculated before treatment, respectively. HCC incidence rate was 2.61/100 py (95% CI = 1.73–3.80); 25 cases developed HCC during follow-up. The incidence of HCC was 0.97% (95% CI: 0.31–2.34), 1.68% (95% CI: 0.53–4.05), and 5.57% (95% CI: 3.35–8.74) in the low, intermediate, and high-risk groups, respectively. The HCC incidence increased significantly with higher scores (p < 0.001). Harrell's c-statistic for this model was 0.728. Conclusion: This prospective study demonstrated the ability of GES to predict HCC occurrence and accurately stratify patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups.


Preface Introduction David N Gellner and Krishna Hachhethu NEPAL: Obstacles to Local Leadership and Democracy in Nepal Dhruba Kumar Local Democracy and Political Parties in Nepal: A Case Study of Dhanusha District Krishna Hachhethu Distributional Coalitions in Nepal: An Essay on Democratization, Capture and (Lack of) Confidence Joanna Pfaff-Czarnecka Democracy and Ethnic Organizations in Nepal David N Gellner and Mrigendra Bahadur Karki The 'Madhesi' People: Issues and Challenges of Democracy in the Nepal Tarai Dilli Ram Dahal Dispute Settlement at the Local Level: Observations and Lessons from Nepal Bishnu Raj Upreti Maoist People's Government, 2001-05: The Power in Wartime Kiyoko Ogura Local Democracy and Local Government: A Case Study of Dhikure Pokhari Village Development Committee, Kaski, Nepal Uma Nath Baral Foreign Aid, Democracy and Development: Personal Experiences Keshab Man Shakya OTHER COUNTRIES OF SOUTH ASIA: Beyond 'the Net'? Institutions, Elites and the Changing Power Structure in Rural Bangladesh David Lewis and Abul Hossain The Struggle for Local Government: Indian Democracy's New Phase Peter Ronald Desouza Changing Caste and Local Democracy: Assertion and Identity among Dalits of Rural Punjab Surinder S Jodhka Engendering Local Democracy Research: Panchayati Raj and Changing Gender Relations in India Stefanie Strulik Local Government Reforms in Pakistan: Strengthening Social Capital or Rolling Back the State? Shandana Khan Mohmand Local Democracy: The Sri Lankan Experience Siri Hettige Index


A watch found in the stomach of the patient, improper medication, premature discharge etc. are the common examples that often comes in news, if technically said is a medical negligence. Medical negligence is not a unique term in legal field as it as it is in daily routine of hospitals and doctors to commit negligence. A well known medical phenomenon that a premature baby who has been administered supplemental oxygen and has been given blood transfusion is prone to a higher risk of a disease known as the "Retnopathy of prematurity". The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, applies to all goods and services, excluding goods for resale or for commercial purpose and services rendered free of charge and under a contract for personal service. The Act enshrines the rights of the consumer such as right to safety, right to be informed, right to be heard, and right to choose, right to seek redressal and right to consumer education.


Objective To observe the clinical effect for senile vaginitis with traditional medicine lotion.Methods 120 cases were divided into two groups,test group(60 cases)and control group(60 cases).Vulva was bathed in traditional medicine lotion for 30 minutes per day for 10 days in the test group and bathed in 1‰ potassium permanganate in the control group.Results We observed the efficacy of the traditional medicine lotion after 10 days,the effetiveness was 93% in the test group but was 50% in the control group.The effetiveness of between the test group and the control group was significant difference.Conclusion Traditional medicine lotion that development by ourself have a better clinical efficacy in the treatment of senile vaginitis and is safe.


1520 Background: Improving lung cancer care among Veterans is a priority within the Veterans Affairs due to higher rates of lung cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality among Veterans compared to non-veterans. Unaddressed symptom burden is common due to many factors including complex comorbidities, psychosocial challenges, smoking history and limited social support networks. Additionally, complications from social determinants of health can obstruct successful discussions of symptom-burden between Veterans and their clinical care teams which can limit compliance with recommended symptom management strategies. To overcome these barriers, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a lay volunteer-led proactive symptom assessment and symptom intervention. The objective was to determine if the intervention improved clinician documentation from baseline to 6-months post-enrollment compared to usual care. Secondary outcomes included change in patient activation, health-related quality of life (HrQOL), and symptom-burden. Methods: Patients were randomized into the lay volunteer proactive symptom assessment intervention plus usual cancer care (intervention group) or usual cancer care alone (control group). We conducted electronic health record review to assess primary cancer-clinician symptom documentation of Veterans' symptoms identified as moderate-to-severe at baseline and 6-months using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale. Patient surveys with validated assessments were used to assess patient activation, HrQOL and symptom burden at baseline (time of enrollment) and 6-months post-enrollment. We used regression models to evaluate differences in our primary and secondary outcomes. Results: 60 Veterans were consented and randomized into the study (29 control; 31 intervention). There were no differences in demographic or clinical factors across groups. The median age was 70 years (range 56-85), 95% were male, 70% identified their race as White, 53% were married and 48% had a 2-year or 4-year college degree. The majority had at least 3 comorbidities (54%), diagnosed with stage 3 or 4 (62%) and received systemic treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiation (77%). At 6-months post-enrollment as compared to baseline, the intervention group had greater improvements in symptom documentation (56% from 12.5% vs. 29% from 43%, p = 0.01), greater improvements in patient activation (p<0.001), HrQOL (<0.001), and lower symptom burden (p<0.001) than the control group. Conclusions: Integration of proactive symptom assessment by lay volunteers has a significant and meaningful effect on symptom documentation, patient activation, quality of life, and reducing symptom burden among Veterans with lung cancer. Clinical trial information: NCT03216109.


Musicians' sway during performance seems to be related to musical structure. However, it has yet to be shown that examples of the relationship are not simply due to chance. Progress has been impeded by three problems: the assumption that musical structure is constant across performances; the complexity of the movements; and the inability of traditional statistical tests to accurately model the multilevel temporal hierarchies involved. We solved these problems in a study of the side-to-side postural sway of two trombonists as they each recorded two performances of each of two solo pieces in each of three different performance styles (normal, expressive, non-expressive). The musicians reported their phrasing immediately after each performance by marking copies of the score. We measured the rate and stability (mean line) of recurrence (self-similarity) and assessed the effect of serial position within a phrase, using mixed linear models to model the nesting of phrases within pieces, within performances, across expressive styles and musicians. Recurrence and stability of recurrence changed systematically across the course of a phrase, producing sinusoidal-like and arch-shaped phrasing contours that differed with the performance style and length of phrase. As long suspected, musicians' expressive movements reflect musical structure.


ABSTRA CT This research is focused on the commissive act in Colours Garuda Indonesia Magazines. The commissive act is one of many illocutionary acts which essentially involves the speaker committing himself to behave in some required ways, for instance promising and swearing. The aim of this research is to find out and to analyze the categories of commissive in Colours Garuda Indonesia Magazines advertisement especially Consumer Advertisement that refer to illocutionary function and to analyze how they are performed. In collecting the data, the writer focused on Colours Garuda Indonesia Magazines, editions January 2015, February 2015 and March 2015. Then the writer analyzes the collected data descriptively by using the theory of Austin and Tallei. The result of this study shows that there is a linguistics message in every text of an advertisement; it is used in the advertisement to give information and emotional response. There is commissive function of offering in every utterance in advertisement and the other commissive function such as persuading and promising which are found in consumer's advertisements. It is expected that this study may help the students or readers to comprehend the illocutionary act, particularly about the commissive in the consumer advertisement in Colours Garuda Indonesia Magazines.


This work presents a new indoor localization method based on the fingerprinting technique. The proposed method uses a ray-tracing model that provides information about multipath effects. This information is stored in a dataset during the first stage of the fingerprinting method. The direction of arrival (DOA) and received signal strength (RSS) are used in the fingerprinting technique as a hybrid system. The localization estimation is calculated while taking into account the Euclidian distance between the DOA and the RSS from each unknown position and the information of the fingerprints. Numerical calculations were performed to show the mean and the standard deviation of the estimated error.


Job boredom is a common experience at work; however, it has been neglected in research and practice compared to other well-being states. Based on the person-job fit theory, this article aims to examine the association between employees' perceived overqualification and job boredom, analyzing potential moderators. In Study 1, we analyzed job crafting as a moderator using a sample of 832 employees from different organizations in Puerto Rico. Results supported the relation between employees' perceived overqualification and job boredom but did not support the moderating effect of job crafting since only two dimensions (i.e., increasing structural resources and increasing challenging demands) significantly moderate this association in an opposite direction. In Study 2, we analyzed the moderating role of meaningful work with a sample of 394 employees. Results supported the moderating effect of meaningful work on the relation between employees' perceived overqualification and job boredom. While job crafting dimensions of increasing structural resources and increasing challenging demands strengthen or have little effect on reducing the association between employees' perceived overqualification and job boredom, meaningful work buffers this effect. These findings suggest that organizations must provide opportunities for employees to find meaning in their jobs. Additional research is needed to understand the role of job crafting to reduce job boredom.


This paper,for the subjectivity and randomness in structure-element selections,proposes and algorithm for by-step selection of structure elements.This algorithm,through providing alternative structure elements base,selection reference template,per-processing,analysis and optimum seeking,realizes the selection of structure elements,compares good and bad of structure elements for processing results of images to be processed and chooses outstanding structure elements as the structure elements for follow-up processing.The simulation on noiseless lena image indicates that the algorithm is practical and effective,and the structure elements of all ones should be chosen for the images processing.


The superiority of autogenous conduits in infrainguinal bypass surgery is well established. At our institution, arm vein is utilized as the last autogenous option for infrainguinal bypass surgery. The aim of this study was to review the long‐term outcomes of last autogenous option arm vein bypass.


A combination of high-resolution X-ray diffraction and X-ray diffraction topography was used for analysis and visualization of elastic strain in ferroelectric triglycine sulfate (TGS) single crystals under uniaxial compression. Diffraction peaks and topographs were obtained for both the 400 and 060 reflections of TGS in transmission geometry under gradually increased compression stress up to 3.5 MPa applied along the [100] and [010] crystallographic directions. All the diffraction data from the sample were obtained from the whole crystal volume with wide beam illumination. Analysis of diffraction patterns revealed a nonlinear increase in integral intensity versus stress and a linear increase in peak broadening versus stress for all compression measurement combinations. The topographs confirmed that the formation of uniform and non-uniform strain fields depended on the direction of crystal compression and its relationship with integral intensity. A twinning process was found for the in-plane reflection along the [100] direction. All the effects induced by compression were reversible after decompression of the sample. According to the results, a significant anisotropy of deformation processes depending on the crystallographic direction was observed, which can be explained by the proposed deformation mechanism with superposition of compression stress, the piezoelectric effect and ferroelectric domain evolution.


Second and foreign language (L2) learners often make specific spelling errors compared to native speakers. Language-independent spell-checking algorithms that rely on n-gram models can offer a simple solution for improving learner error detection and correction due to context-sensitivity. As the open-source speller previously available for Estonian is rule-based, our aim was to evaluate the performance of bi- and trigram-based statistical spelling correctors on an error-tagged set of A2–C1-level texts written by L2 learners of Estonian. The newly trained spell-checking models were compared to existing correction tools (open-source and commercial). Then, the best-performing Jamspell corrector was trained on various datasets to analyse their effect on the correction results.


Other research has revealed transmissible cancer in dogs. Canine transmissible venereal cancer appears to be significantly older than the cancers among the Tasmanian population. It has been around "we think for a few thousand years," Murchison said, and is present in dog populations around the world. But such diseases are much less common in dogs than in Tasmanian devils. She suggested several reasons for the difference: Dog populations might be less susceptible, or it might be "a less infectious disease altogether." "Having worked on the dogs and the devils for quite a long time, I had got used to the idea that transmissible cancer might be fairly rare in nature," Murchison said. But the bivalve findings suggest otherwise. Although surprising, in some ways, it follows: "Cancer is not rare in nature. In animals and in humans we know it's fairly common, and so the steps from being a cancer to being a transmissible cancer must happen from time to time," Murchison said. "It only has to happen once" for it to move throughout the species. The appearance of a case of crossspecies transmission in this research piqued the interest of several researchers, including Roxanna Smolowitz, D.V.M., director of the Aquatic Diagnostic Laboratory and assistant professor of biology at Roger Williams University in Bristol, R.I., whom the data swayed. "You would think that different species would be able to reject cells from a foreign source," Murchison said, "but in these bivalves that doesn't seem to be the case." Murchison suggested that crossspecies transmission occurred in bivalves because of their limited ability to recognize foreign bodies. Metzger agreed, suggesting that because invertebrates lack an adaptive immune system, "transmissible cancers may be more likely to occur and spread." The marine environment also may be especially conducive to such transmission, Smolowitz said. She said that these bivalves release cells when they die and, as filter feeders, may be more susceptible to transmission—a point Metzger echoed. "It looks like cancer cells can float around and survive in the environment in a way that just doesn't happen on land." Metzger said that Goff's lab plans to look further into how retrotransposons— the amplified elements of the genome that led to these findings—affect how cancer evolves. The lab also plans to further explore why the cancers are engrafting between some species but not others. But we still don't understand why we've seen transmissible cancers only in dogs and Tasmanian devils. Rachel Owen is studying the origins of DFTD and contagious cancers under Hannah Siddle, Ph.D., lecturer in molecular biology at the University of Southampton in England. Owen noted that within the devils, DFTD is transmitted through biting, which is "pretty much the staple of their social interactions with each other." Owen said the findings show "how much more we have to learn about how our immune system really handles cancer." Smolowitz said researchers need to do more work to understand why these cells occur in any species and how transmissible cancer starts. "This is much more widespread than anyone really thought," and there are "some tantalizing findings," Metzger said. The findings reveal aspects of "how cancers can evolve and interact with their hosts in nature" and how much more there is to know.


'A Prelude is a free composition, in which the imagination gives rein to any fancy that may present itself' (François Couperin: L'art de toucher Le Clavecin, 1716)1 The enigmatic prélude non mesuré was a short-lived genre characterised by rhythmically free croches blanches ('flagged white notes', rather than white quavers)2 and sweeping lines and slurs that were generally notated without specific reference to rhythm or metre. Some of the lines appear to bind the tones into harmonic groups and to articulate cadential and rhythmic units, but the inherent freedom encoded in the notation presents a broad, complex interpretive scope to present-day performers. Given composers' scant written and notational indications as to how they intended the works to be performed, this research seeks to address ways of interpreting the genre in an informed historical sense, whilst surveying current performing practices within Louis Couperin's Prélude non mesuré in D minor to inform the author's own performance. Extant préludes non mesurés are contained within two manuscript sources (Parville and Bauyn), while commentary addressing performance interpretation of the notation is limited to three source documents specifically referencing the prélude non mesuré: Nicolas Lebègue's preface to his Pièces de clavessin (1677), correspondence between Lebègue and an Englishman called Mr. William Dundass (1684), and the preface to François Couperin's L'art de toucher Le Clavecin (1716). Lebègue and F. Couperin note the difficulty of creating a prelude accessible to all keyboardists. These prefaces present four stylistic aspects pertinent to the current enquiry: 1) restriking chords, 2) note placement, 3) line interpretations and 4) rhythmic variety. Given the limited scope of period performance instructions and the nebulous form of notation characteristic of the form, this dissertation considers a significant work in the genre—Louis 1 François Couperin, L'Art de Toucher Le Clavecin (Wiesbaden: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1933), 33. 2 Shirley Thompson, "Once More into the Void: Marc-Antoine Charpentier's 'Croches Blanches' Reconsidered," Early Music 30, no. 1 (2002): 91, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3519281


In this study, the automatic tuning model error compensator (AT-MEC) is proposed. MEC is one of the two-degree-of-freedom control methods to suppress the influence of the model error. This compensator has sim-ple and general structure, and is easy to be implemented. However, there is no systematic tuning method for compensation gain for multi-input multi-output nonlinear systems. In this paper, the fictitious reference iterative tuning (FRIT) method is applied as on-line adjustment method of MEC. FRIT calculates the optimal value for parameters of a controller based on the deviation from a response of a reference closed loop model. By combinat-ing online tuning method to MEC, AT-MEC suppresses the influence of fluctuating model errors. In addition, to extend the applicability of the AT-MEC, the exact linearization technique is introduced to AT-MEC. As the result, the proposed method works for the fluctuating model error of a number of MIMO nonlinear systems. In this paper, the validity of this proposed method is verified by the experiment of an automatic driving vehicle.


A method for evaluating an application for a high horsepower variable-frequency fan drive is discussed, whose steps include selection of the flow control method, simulation of the fan and system load line, definition of the fan shaft power, component selection, a harmonic and torsional analysis, and an economic evaluation. These steps are illustrated for a pair of 5000 hp blowers at the BASF plant in South Kerney, New Jersey.<<ETX>>


This article summarized the CFB boiler water cooling wall's attrition, has analyzed its abrasion mechanism, proposed that a simple effective measure, to solves the attrition problem which in rapidly expand's CFB boiler operation appears now to have certain reference significance.


In this paper, we studied the electromagnetic wave scattered by a time reversal symmetry broken topological insulator circular cylinder. According to the constitutive relations of topological insulator and Maxwell's equation, we derived the scattered electromagnetic fields and scattered coefficients. Numerical results show that the scattered width of the time reversal symmetry topological insulator circular cylinder is extraordinarily different from the width produced by the time reversal symmetry broken topological insulator.


On two occasions in the months of July and August, 1890, I carried out a long-deferred intention of visiting the northern counties of Banff and Elgin (or Moray). Amongst other places I saw Portsoy, Elgin, Lossiemouth, Grantown and Speyside, and Forres, with the Valley of the Findhorn. Whilst at the last-mentioned town I spent some time amongst the sandhills of Culbin, which skirt the coast-line between Findhorn and Nairn. Days might have been spent profitably and agreeably at Portsoy, with its serpentine and graphic granite, or at Elgin, with its sandstones and reptilian remains of much disputed age and succession; but the bare and arid wastes of "Coobin" had for me a surpassing interest both geological and archaeological, and I purpose, therefore, on the present occasion, to confine my remarks to some of the salient features of that district. Unlike our own Ayrshire sandhills, so well described by Mr. John Smith {Transactions, vol. vi., part 2, p. 185), these northern sand accumulations remain much as they have been for generations, for there is no extent of population or industrial occupation near them, and, with the exception of some small amount of tree-planting on their inland border, no attempt has yet been made to curb their shifting and erratic formation. Perhaps nowhere better in Scotland can the observer have an opportunity of noting the unfettered action of wind-blown sand than in this Morayshire desert. Great geological interest attaches to such sand-action as bearing upon the origin and formation of sandstones of This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract


Objective: The objective of the present report was to describe the lateral, diagonal and anterosuperior arterial branches in the epicardial adipose tissue of the left ventricle and to analyze their frequency and diameters according to the type of coronary circulation. The precious knowledge of these branches has surgical application in their revascularization or during the injection of the cardioplegic substances into these branches. Method: Fifty hearts obtained at autopsy from adult cadavers were dissected and fixed in formalin and the left ventricle was divided into three thirds: superior, middle and inferior. The lateral branch originated from the circumflex branch, the diagonal branch from the division of the left coronary artery and the anterosuperior branch from the anterior interventricular branch in the superior third of the left ventricle. The length in the epicardium and the diameter of each branch were measured and the blood flow was related to the type of coronary circulation. Results: The diameter of the lateral branch, present in 88% of the cases, ranged from 0.6 to 4.5 mm (mean: 2.1 ± 0.7 mm). The diameter of the diagonal branch, present in 50% of cases, ranged from 1.0 to 3.8 mm (mean: 2.2 ± 0.7 mm). The diameter of the anterosuperior branch, present in 84% of cases, ranged from 1.0 to 4.1 mm (mean: 2.5 ± 0.8 mm). We detected 30/50 (60%) cases of dominance of the right coronary artery, 14/50 (28%) cases of the balanced type, and 6/12 (12%) cases of dominance of the left coronary artery. Mean blood flow in the anterosuperior branch presented a decreasing value in the following types: dominance of the right coronary artery, balanced and dominance of the left coronary artery. Conversely, the lateral branch showed respectively increasing values, while the diagonal branch presented a greater flow in the balanced type. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the complementarity of the lateral, diagonal and anterosuperior arterial branches, as well as the correlation among these branches with the following types of coronary circulation: right dominance, balanced and left dominance.


As the scarce resources of SMEs,knowledge-based core staff plays significant roles in small and medium-sized enterprises.In contrast to staff with general education,knowledge-based core staff owns much stronger ability in learning and innovating;they are on the higher hierarchy of needs and are more independent and dynamic.However,such staff features as small in number,high turn-over,and significant at their posts.In case of inadequate stimuli,their initiative and performance present as diminishing marginal utility.To retain and motivate knowledge-based staff,businesses should attach importance to internal staff training,quality recruit-ment,staff advancement and exchange,and employing returned former staff.


The amplitude of the emf in Procopiu's effect has been found to be an inverse square function of the static magnetic field. This has been predicted theoretically and verified experimentally.


The present study evaluated changes in an estuarine fish community caused by blooms of the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea. Samples were collected before, during and after the red tide using seine nets and surface and bottom nets in three areas near the affected area. The area was around the mouth of the Paraguacu River. A total of 144 samples were collected, containing 1,989 individuals, with a total weight of 51.4 kg, belonging to 42 species in 29 families. During the red tide, fish density, richness and biomass decreased significantly. Atherinella brasiliensis and Sphoeroides greeleyi were the most abundant species during the red tide, indicating some possible resistance to the effects of the red tide. One month after the red tide, there was a rapid recovery of the density, biomass and richness of fish, and Cetengraulis edentulus was the most captured species. An important result of the present study is the finding that the dynamics of small populations of fish are often influenced by fortuitous events, and stochasticity may dominate. The establishment of a continuous and adequate monitoring program in the area may contribute to understanding the effects of red tides on fish population dynamics. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The concept of Nullity (Nietigheid) is very important in administrative law because of the validity of a government act (bestuurshandelingen) either in the form of a decision (besluit) or in the form of an action (Feitelijk Handelingen) depends on the existence of the doctrine regarding Nullity. Since when is a decision declared invalid, and what are the legal consequences, if this is answered by the existence of this Nullity doctrine. Law No. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, has more or less changed the paradigm regarding the teachings of annulment from the one held by administrative law experts in Indonesia, especially with regard to the doctrine of abuse of power, which is regulated in several articles in the Government Administration Law. In this paper, it is found that government decisions and/or actions that are canceled or declared invalid have different consequences. This paper uses a normative juridical research method, namely using secondary data in the form of primary and secondary sources of law, both applicable laws and related literature.


References to articles and books should be carefully ctiecked. In a reference the following information should be given without abbreviation: Initials of author, surname of author, tuu title of article, name of journal, volume, full date (month, day and year), number of the first page of the article. If a reference is made to an abstract of a paper, the name of the original journal, together with that of the journal in which the abstract has appeared, should be given with [ul! date in each instance.


This paper aims at thinking on the implementation of health interprofessional education in Famema and pointing out the main weaknesses and strengths reported by teachers and students during the evaluation process. Interprofessional education has been used as a teaching strategy in several countries to educate more critical, reflexive professionals who are able to work in a team and to learn together with other professions. It was possible to see that in Famema the presented weaknesses and strengths were related to the following aspects: a) understanding what is interprofessional education; b) team work in primary health care; c) specialties contents and broader cognitive knowledge;d) evaluation as a learning instance. One may conclude that in spite the challenges this interprofessional education pattern in Famema is according to the proposed objective.


To evaluate whether the expression profile of plasma microRNAs is able to predict the cognitive evolution of patients with early‐phase Alzheimer's disease (AD).


The recent scandals in the companies and the outbreak of crises have brought again the culture and ethical values in the large companies to the center of attention. The accountants have been highly criticized for failure in warning about the unethical behavior of the management as well as their own unethical behavior. Use of earning management has been considered as legitimate and proper by some accountants and as fraudulent by the others. News on fraudulent practices in accounting in recent years has been prevalent in the mass media. The accounting profession, as a result of public pressure, has begun emphasizing the importance of professional ethics. The current study has addressed the organizational ethical values as a potential criterion of ethical principles. The current study aimed at evaluating the balancing effects of Professional Commitment (PC) on the relationship between ethical climate, Organizational Professional Conflict (OPC) and organizational commitment among public accountants. In the current study, the different views on the organizational ethical values have been evaluated. The statistical population of the current study included freelance and active auditors. The sampling method is simple random sampling. The results indicated that organizational ethical climate significantly affects the organizational professional conflict, however its effects on the organizational commitment was not approved.


The O–H ring vibrations of the methanol trimer have been measured employing molecular beam depletion spectroscopy in combination with mass spectrometric detection and kinematic size selection. Three vibrational bands (at 3434, 3472, and 3503 cm−1, respectively) have been identified as being due to the methanol trimer. The observation of three bands is consistent with the asymmetric ring structure predicted by theoretical calculations.


Abstract Recently, a notion of (t, e, s)-sequences in base b was introduced, where e = (e1, . . . , es) is a positive integer vector, and their discrepancy bounds were obtained based on the signed splitting method. In this paper, we first propose a general framework of (Tε , ε, s)-sequences, and present that it includes (T, s)-sequences and (t, e, s)-sequences as special cases. Next, we show that a careful analysis leads to an asymptotic improvement on the discrepancy bound of a (t, e, s)-sequence in an even base b. It follows that the constant in the leading term of the star discrepancy bound is given by


The Ricci bracket flow is a geometric evolution on Lie algebras which is related to the Ricci flow on the corresponding Lie group. For nilpotent Lie groups, these two flows are equivalent. In the solvable case, it is not known whether they are equivalent. We examine a family of solvable Lie algebras and identify various elements of that family which are solitons under the Ricci bracket flow. We also examine behavior of several classes of non-soliton brackets under the flow.


Describes recent developments in this interdisciplinary field, showing how they alter our previous assumptions about eighteenth-century reading; indicates lacunae and opportunities for future work.


Vias 50μ in diameter and 180μ deep were tested with two seed layer schemes. The first seed layer scheme consisted of ALD TiN/W followed by dry etch to remove TiN/W from the wafer surface. The second seed layer scheme consisted of PVD Ta/Cu deposition followed by CMP to remove Ta/Cu from the wafer surface. Figure 1 shows the electroless nickel deposited in vias by a traditional electroless process. The thickness of deposited Ni at the top of the via is quite high compared to bottom of the via. The best step coverage achieved using this process was 33%..


The defects existing in China's higher education admission system has become a most crucial factor which affects and limits our education to be developed quickly and healthily.Those defects in our higher education system can be avoided properly by implementing a new scheme which can be featured as follows: the admission examination for higher education is organized by the state government;students are selected by the university according to their scores of the admission examinations conducted by the state government and the university itself;and the qualified students can apply a university freely in two years,and the goal of our education to be developed quickly and healthily can be achieved.


A recent series of works (Hecht, IACR ePrint, 2020–2021) propose to build post-quantum public-key encapsulation, digital signatures, group key agreement and oblivious transfer from "R-propped" variants of the Symmetrical Decomposition and Discrete Logarithm problems for matrix groups over F 2 8 . We break all four proposals by presenting a linearisation attack on the Symmetrical Decomposition platform, a forgery attack on the signature scheme, and a demonstration of the insecurity of the instances of the Discrete Logarithm Problem used for signatures, group key agreement and oblivious transfer, showing that none of the schemes provides adequate security.


As long ago as the 1880s Thomas Huxley and Matthew Arnold argued that an essential part of general, liberal education that some scientific knowledge was needed for an individual to quality as a member of the learned community? Fifty years later John Dewey raised the same issue, but argued for it in the functional terms of what scientific knowledge and understanding an individual needs to be able to read about, comprehend, express opinions and take part in everyday matters involving science? Both of these perspectives are now having impact on the school science curriculum. During the 1980s, a number of countries and UNESCO acknowledged new goals for school science under the slogan of'Science for All'. Subsequently, commitment to these goals has no longer been an issue, and they have now spread worldwide under the slogan of scientific literacy. When scientific literacy is accepted as a goal to be implemented through schooling, it is natural to ask the questions, What does this mean for school science? And what should be taught in school science?To answer these questions there has been a continuing debate and in scientific and educational communities about both the meaning and the appropriate content, as well now of practical exploration via a number of new school curricula. However, there has been no consensus about the priorities that should result.


Increases in the international marketing of services have created a need to better understand the determinants of service export performance measures. While numerous studies suggest using either the ratio of a firm′s foreign sales over its total sales, number of markets, perceptions of export profitability, or management′s satisfaction with export performance as surrogate indicators of export performance, these measures are based upon the fundamentals of manufacturing industries. To better equip service managers with appropriate evaluative tools, this study analyzes the alternative methods of measuring export performance within the context of the services industry, Results of a survey of US‐based, international business‐to‐business service firm indicate that each measure captures different components of overall export performance. This research identifies the key input variables of each export performance measure to help international managers of service firms select the export performance measure that is most appropriate for them to use in determining whether or not they are achieving their goals.


This is the case report of a 67-year-old lady who was diagnosed to have Multiple Myeloma and was given injection Zoledronic acid and developed Anterior Uveitis in both eyes. Uveitis was cured completely with topical steroids and she did not have any recurrence, even though injection Zoledronic acid was continued for one year. This shows that even if the patient develops ocular inflammation with the first dose, the treatment can be continued with monitoring after discussing the risks and benefits with the patient, since the patient can develop tolerance with each infusion.


The spectrum transformation function T mr(f) transforms the mouthpiece pressure spectrum into the room‐averaged spectrum. One part of T mr is T1(f), proportional to the pressure ratio p1/p0 between the first open tone hole and the mouthpiece. T1(f) is measurable in a lab setup or in a playing experiment. We measured T1(f) at harmonics of the playing frequency f0, with T1(f0) normalized to unity. Odd harmonics of the clarinet's written B♭3, T1(f) = (f/f0)1.25 for 1 ⩽ f/f0 ⩽ 7 and T1(f) = 10 for 7 < f/f0 < 10. By chance, even harmonics show similar behavior in the lower range. They are very irregular above. For the alto sax written G4, T1(f) = [1 + 0.4(f/f0 − 1)2.8] for 1 ⩽ f/f0 ⩽ 4. There is an unexplained discrepancy between lab and played T1(f) for, 4 < f/f0 ⩽ 10. In the lab T1(f) = 10, played T1(f) = 0.024(f/f0)2.4. Throughout all experiments the break in functional form is associated with the tone hole cutoff frequency fc. For the clarinet note fc ≃ 7f0, for the sax note fc ≃ 3.7f0. [Work supported by ...


Detrusor instability is a common problem in the elderly, which is usually treated with anti‐cholinergic medication. This study investigates the effect of erythromycin on rat detrusor muscle contractile response to characterise its potential as an alternative inhibitor of bladder muscle contraction.


An extensive campaign of aero-thermal modeling of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) has been carried out and presented in other papers. This paper presents a summary view of overall heat balance of the TMT observatory. A key component of this heat balance that can be managed is the internal sources of heat dissipation to the ambient air inside the enclosure. An engineering budget for both daytime and nighttime sources is presented. This budget is used to ensure that the overall effects on daytime cooling and nighttime seeing are tracked and fall within the modeled results that demonstrate that the observatory meets its performance requirements. In the daytime heat fluxes from air-conditioning, solar loading, infiltration, and deliberate venting through the enclosure top vent are included along with equipment heat sources. In the nighttime convective heat fluxes through the open aperture and vent doors, as well as radiation to the sky are tracked along with the nighttime residual heat dissipations after cooling from equipment in the observatory. The diurnal variation of thermal inertia of large masses, such as the telescope structure, is also included. Model results as well as the overall heat balance and thermal management strategy of the observatory are presented.


In view of its high content of fat-soluble vitamine, and the association of this vitamine with the anti-rachitic factor, it seemed worth while to test the value of yolk of egg in relation to the prevention and cure of rickets. Mellanby added this to his experimental diet in one instance and was able to cure rickets in a dog. In our experiments young rats were used and the Sherman-Pappenheimer low phosphorus diet was fed. The yolk was given to each animal separately. Table I shows the result of prophylactic treatment. It will be noted that animals receiving as little as 0.25 g. daily of yolk failed to develop rickets. The yolks contained 450 mg. per cent. of phosphorus so that the protective action cannot be attributed simply to an addition of phosphorus. The gains in weight of these rats were remarkably good, and their bones were found to be exceptionally well calcified. The addition of white of egg, on the other hand, increased rather than prevented the development of rickets. Curative experiments likewise were carried out on rats. In these tests rickets was induced by the above diet, or by the 5 per cent. dry milk diet, and later supplemented by 1.0 or 0.5 g. of yolk of egg. After a period of 8 days calcificatioli could be noted in radiographs. The inorganic phosphate of the blood also was higher than in the control rats which had not received the supplementary food. Similar prophylactic and curative treatment were employed on infants. Table I1 suinmarizes the preventive treatment in twelve cases. It shows that rickets did not develop in any instance and that the percentage of inorganic phosphate in the blood during February and March was maintained at the high level characteristic of the summer months. Curative treatment was found to be of value, hut less potent than cod liver oil.


According to the orthodox classical economist as we ll to the modern liberal view trade is equivalent to an engine of economic growth . Exports promotion strategy is often in accordance with the principle of comparative adv antage, when a country specialises in a product, which it can produce competitively. The goods become available to the community of the world at cheaper prices. The marke ts are extended. The internal and external economies are attained. Income and employm ent levels expand. Consequently process of economic development is facilitated. In a utshell, putting more emphasis on the promotion of exports would permit the optimal a llocation of world resources and, therefore, returns from trade sector depend upon ac celerating growth of exports. The proposition of FDI led exports growth is contro versial in empirical literature. But the role of domestic investment is believed to be much important for export expansion strategies. In any case the importance of FDI, if any, cannot diminish the role of productive investment from the domestic economy. While private domestic investment can be regarded as a permanent and reliable channel to enhance production capacity, investment in public sector has been considered imp ortant, for example in roads, communication and other public goods and services t hat are essential to stimulate private investment. Furthermore, government has a decisive role through support for research and contract with foreign buyers as well as in faci litat ng access to credit to both directly and indirectly exporting terms. Funke and Holly (1992) argue that the majority of t he previous approaches have emphasised demand factors. Such models have general ly been rather unsuccessful in explaining long run trends in export performance. 1 The study takes into account both supply side and demand side factors and applies the model to the West German manufacturing sector using quarterly data over the period 1961.1 to 1987.4. The findings of the study suggest that supply side factors are m uch more important for explaining export performance than demand side factors. Togan (1993) investigates the changes in the struct ure of export incentives in Turkey from 1983 to 1990. The export incentives are export credits, tax rebate scheme, premium from the "Support and Price Stabilisation F und", duty free imports of intermediates and raw materials, and exemption from the value added tax, foreign


A circuit for generating a data output strobe signal and a semiconductor memory apparatus with the same are provided to improve the reliability of data output operation by generating the data output strobe signal using a correction clock with more accurate duty ratio. A duty cycle correction unit(100) outputs a correction clock by correcting duty ratio of an input clock according to a control signal. A duty cycle control unit(200) outputs the control signal by receiving a data output strobe signal. A data output strobe signal generation unit(300) generates the data output strobe signal from the correction clock. The duty cycle correction unit corrects the duty ratio of the input clock according to the number of high signals and low signals included in the control signal including a plurality of signals.


This study aims to describe registers PORBI language (Buru Sports Week of Pigs) in the district of Agam Kabupaten Lubuk Basumg covering registers and pig hunters illocutionary speech in society. Register theory of language used in this study is Haliday and Hasan (1992) and Language Speech Acts Chaer and Abdul (2010). This type of research is qualitative research with descriptive method proposed by Moleong (2010). Results of the study in terms of narrative registers rsgister there are 86 languages in the hunt pigs in the district of Agam bottom Basung. Data analysis was done by (1) transcribe the recording, (2) translating recordings regional languages into Indonesian, (3) classifying data based on registers of language and speech illocutionary assertive, directive, expressive, commissive and declarations, (4) concludes data. Based on data analysis, it was found speech registers of two informants and all groups of hunters who were in the neighborhood of the pig hunt. Thus, it can be concluded that the speech used by hunters is a speech that is commonly spoken by hunters Lubuk Basung Agam, use of speech that takes place in the hunter is speech that occurs by the atmosphere and the situation of the work they do. The use of these terms is only intended for hunters atmosphere in communication with other hunters more lives and relieve boredom when hunting. Keywords: PORBI language registers, Kajian sosiolinguistik


ABSTRACT The natural oil seeps off Coal Oil Point (Santa Barbara), California, release an estimated 100–150 bbl of oil per day to the marine environment. This project proposed to conduct a series o...


textabstractPublic policy usually develops in complex networks of public, quasi-public and private organizations. It is now generally accepted that these networks set limits to the governance capability of the administration. A good deal less is known about the opportunities which policy networks offer for tackling social and administrative problems. This article deals with the way network management enables government organizations to benefit from networks. Building on the theoretical concepts of 'networks' and 'games', two forms of network management are identified: game management and network structuring. Four key aspects can be identified for both of these management fonns: actors and their relations, resources, rules and perceptions. At thesame time, criteria for the assessment and improvement of network management are examined. The article concludes with a consideration of the limits of network management.


This work aims to investigate on the electrical, optical and gas-sensing properties of zinc oxide-based nano-wires (nwZnO) deposited on a crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer. In particular, a comparison between the less efficient heat treatment for the analyte desorption and the photo-enhanced response will be investigated and discussed for NO2 gas flows.


An antibody molecule having specificity for human TNFa, characterized by comprising a) a heavy chain wherein the variable domain comprises (i) a CDRH1 having the sequence given as SEQ ID NO: 1 (H1 in Figure 3) (ii) a CDRH2 as the sequence given as SEQ ID NO: 2 (H2 'in Figure 3) or SEQ ID 5 NO: 7 (H2 in Figure 3), and (iii) a CDRH3 with the sequence given as SEQ ID NO: 3 (H3 in Figure 3), and b) a light chain wherein the variable domain comprises (i) a CDRL1 with the sequence given as SEQ ID NO: 4 (L1 in Figure 3), ( ii) a CDRL2 as the sequence given as SEQ ID NO: 5 (L2 in Figure 3) and (iii) a CDRL3 with the sequence given as SEQ ID NO: 6 (L3 in Figure 3), and.


Morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoea continues to be a major problem in many developing countries. Water samples from different areas of Chittagong were collected and 22 Vibrio cholerae were isolated from the samples. In this experiment we found that 85% of the Vibrio cholerae isolated  can grow at 6% NaCl whereas none of these  can survive at 8% NaCl. Most of the isolates were resistant to at least 2 antibiotics. 95.45% were resistant to ampicillin, 50% to erythromycin, 63.63% to nalidixic acid, 13.63% to cephotaxine, 13.63% to ceftriaxone and 27.27% to cotrimoxazol. Arjun bark extract was used as a biological tool to resolve the antibiotic resistant V. cholerae problem. Arjun extract inhibited the growth of V. cholerae at all concentrations and zone diameter increased with the increase of concentrations. The regression coefficient of the relationship between concentration and zone diameter varies from 0.75 to 0.984 for most of the isolates which indicates that there exists a linear relationship. This study revealed that Terminalia arjuna would be a good antibacterial drug in the treatment of Vibrio cholerae infections, provided if found effective and nontoxic through in vivo studies. Keywords: Vibrio cholerae ; Terminalia arjuna ; Antimicrobial; Drug resistance. © 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6094                J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 129-137 (2011)


Many firms have increasingly come to rely on projects as a fundamental approach to organizing work. Yet understanding the best way to organize projects is a challenge, given the various contingencies that impact project success. We focus here on three contingency-based project organization design tools (the design structure matrix, OrgCon™ and SimVision™) that help to manage project complexity and ensure project success by identifying misfits or misalignments between organizational elements. We discuss the application of these models to a large National Aeronautics and Space Administration project as an example. We conclude with a consideration of how the existing tools are useful, and where they fall short.


We read with interest the study of Yang et al., which investigated the effect of postoperative Gabapentin use on opioid consumption and pain levels in patients undergoing sinonasal surgery. However, we would like to present our criticisms of the study's methodology and our concerns about the messages given by the authors based on the study's results. The authors attributed their motivation to conduct the study to the avoidance of prescribing opioids due to the high abuse rate and to seeking alternative drugs to opioids to control postoperative pain levels. However, Gabapentin also has a risk of abuse, as seen in the USA and Europe. It has been reported that 20% of patients prescribed Gabapentin may abuse this drug, and emergency room admissions due to Gabapentin abuse have increased by 90% in the USA. Furthermore, the only indication for the analgesic effect of Gabapentin approved by the US Food and Drug Administration is postherpetic neuralgia. According to Goodman et al., the off-label use of Gabapentinoids is due to clinicians' search for alternative pain relievers to opioids, with studies and guidelines investigating the analgesic effects of these drugs tending to exaggerate results. The statistical demonstration of the analgesic effect of a drug does not imply that the analgesic effect is clinically significant. The minimum significant difference must be calculated to prove that a drug's analgesic effect is clinically significant. This can be calculated by finding the difference between the pain levels before and after the drug administration. However, the authors did not record the initial pain levels of the patients immediately after surgery but only questioned the pain levels hours and days after Gabapentin was given. In this regard, a meta-analysis including 281 studies in which the analgesic effect of Gabapentinoids was statistically significant showed that these drugs have no clinically significant effect in treating acute, subacute, and chronic pain. It was also stated that with the sequential trial analysis performed in the same meta-analysis, an information dimension seven times larger than the required information dimension for clinically meaningful effect was examined, and further studies on the analgesic effects of Gabapentinoids were not required longer. As a result, clinicians should use the multimodal analgesia method, which is the main component of all Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pathways and has been proven effective, rather than focusing on a single drug with unproven efficacy to reduce opioid consumption and provide postoperative pain control.


The authors obtain total and differential cross sections for the neutrino-induced reactions nu mu +12C to 12Ngs+ mu - and nu e+12C to 12Ngs+e- from near threshold to q2 approximately=-20 mpi 2. They make use of a new fit from electron scattering data for mu (q2) in the range 20 mpi 2>or= mod q2 mod >or=0 obtained from the process e-+12C to 12C*+e'-. The possibility of obtaining useful information concerning strong CVC from these reactions is considered in detail.


Measurements of interfacial tension in the critical region of a wide variety of fluids are reviewed. The data are analyzed using theoretical values of the critical exponents to obtain amplitude ratios. Many of the data are consistent within a few percent of sigma(0). Comparison of these amplitude ratios with ratios from a field-theory calculation and from a simulation suggests that the theoretical values are about half the experimental ones. Systematic errors which are the source of this discrepancy are discussed. The data sources and processing procedures of this study are also discussed, pointing out that for liquid-vapor systems the capillary length often has a remarkably simple temperature dependence.


The purpose of this project was to present tools for programming and production planning that meets the needs of SAS IMPRESORES LTDA. Initially, we made a diagnosis of the current state of the company, which obtained information about the products and processes. After reviewing the brochure of SAS IMPRESORES LTDA., when we analyze sales performance of the last months and Pareto´s diagram, we decided chose only three products that were the most representative for the company in order to apply different forecasting that allow analyzing the best methods for planning and programming.
On the other hand, we established the products and parameters to consider, began the study of times, however there was no historical data of the times for each product and process, and for this reason we had to take thirty data for each operation, as a result we determine the number of observations were made.
When the time´s study end, we began to standardize processes of SAS IMPRESORES LTDA., through a process diagram for this is found the standard time of each operation by averaging the times and adding supplements taken by rest. Then, were performed in process diagrams which shows the time of each operation and the distances covered in each.
In addition, the tools were selected planning and scheduling of production were in line with the requirements of SAS IMPRESORES LTDA., By performing different sales forecasts, with the purpose of taking this as a reference to set the MRP and in turn apply aggregate planning. To validate the planning system processes were simulated with the times standardized Arena´s software.


OBJECTIVE To develop a method for determing contents of peoniflorin in Yiqi Yangyuan Granule.METHODS The contents of peoniflorin were separated on Kromasil C18 (250mm×4.6mm,5μm) as stationary phase;acetonitrile -0.1% phosphoric acid (14∶86) as mobile phase;detected at 230nm wavelength;30℃ of column temperature and 1.0mL·min-1 of mobile rate.RESULTS Peoniflorin had good linearities(r=0.9999,n=7) at the ranges of 0.09μg~3.47μg.The high,midding and low recoveries were 99.46%(RSD=0.4%)、99.08%(RSD=0.9%)、97.92%(RSD=0.4%),respectively.CONCLUSION This method is high in column efficiency and satisfactory for isolation and repeatability,the result is accurate.It can be adopted for quality control of Yiqi Yangyuan Granule


Hirschsprung's disease and allied disorders. 2nd edition. Edited by Holschneider AM, Puri P. (Pp 503, hardback, $125.00). Australia: Harwood Academic Publishers, 2000. ISBN 90 5702 263 X.

In 1887, Harald Hirschsprung published the first detailed description of congenital megacolon, but it was not until 1948 that the true nature of the disease was defined. The discoveries at that time included the finding of aganglionosis in the rectum, the demonstration that peristaltic activity in the colon was propagated only as far as the narrowed aganglionic segment of bowel, and the relief of obstructive symptoms by rectosigmoidectomy. The key histological feature in Hirschsprung's disease is the absence of ganglion cells, which …


Skin morphogenesis, maintenance, and healing after wounding require complex epithelial–mesenchymal interactions. In this study, we show that for skin homeostasis, interleukin-1 (IL-1) produced by keratinocytes activates peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) expression in underlying fibroblasts, which in turn inhibits the mitotic activity of keratinocytes via inhibition of the IL-1 signaling pathway. In fact, PPARβ/δ stimulates production of the secreted IL-1 receptor antagonist, which leads to an autocrine decrease in IL-1 signaling pathways and consequently decreases production of secreted mitogenic factors by the fibroblasts. This fibroblast PPARβ/δ regulation of the IL-1 signaling is required for proper wound healing and can regulate tumor as well as normal human keratinocyte cell proliferation. Together, these findings provide evidence for a novel homeostatic control of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation mediated via PPARβ/δ regulation in dermal fibroblasts of IL-1 signaling. Given the ubiquitous expression of PPARβ/δ, other epithelial–mesenchymal interactions may also be regulated in a similar manner.


Huainan Zi inherits and develops the view of "Nature" and "Inaction" of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi by explicitly defining "Inaction" as "following nature".Different from the modern concept of "acting according to the objective law","following nature" has an important postmodernist meaning.


Let [NA(t), t≥0] and [NB(t), t≥0] be two counting processes with independent interarrivals Ai and Bi, respectively, i ∈ + ≡ [1,2,… ], and let [Xi, i ∈ +] and [Yi, i ∈ +] be two sequences of independent non-negative random variables. Consider the two compound processes [U(t), t ≥ 0] and [V(t), t ≥ 0] defined as U(t) = Xi, t ≥ 0, and V(t) = Yi, t ≥ 0. Then it is well known (and not hard to verify) that if the Ai's are independent of the Xi's, and if the Bi's are independent of the yi's, and if Ai ≥st Bi and Xi ≤st Yi, for all i ∈ +, then [U(t), t ≥ 0] ≤st [V(t), t ≥ 0]. In this paper we provide conditions under which this stochastic order relation holds even if Ai ≤st Bi and/or Xi ≥st Yi for all i ∈ +. In fact, we derive the stochastic order relationships among processes that are much more general than the cumulative ones described above. For example, it is not necessarily assumed that the Ai's are independent of the Xi's or that the Bi's are independent of the Yi's. Examples that illustrate the applications of the theory are included.


A 59-year-old woman noticed swelling of upper eyelids and sublingual region. Dryness of the oral cavity and eyes was not present. Examination of a biopsy specimen of the tumor showed marked polyclonal lymphoproliferation with lymphoid follicles on immunohistological staining. This was a case of so-termed pseudolymphoma. We gave prednisolone at 30 mg initially and gradually decreased the dose. When we stopped treatment with prednisolone, tumor recurrence was noted. Treatment with prednisolone was started again, and symptoms improved while receiving a dose of 10 mg. Since the transformation of pseudolymphoma to malignant lymphoma has been reported, careful follow-up is necessary.


The article is devoted to the analysis and evaluation of the perspectives of the medical industry development in Russia in the condition of import substitution. The article considers modern methods and approaches for the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases, including in young children. The main restrictions on their introduction into Russia were revealed.


....................................... 2 TA BLE O F C O N TEN TS ................................................................................................. ..................................... 3 LIST OF FIGURES .................................. ............................... ....... ......................... 5 LIST O F T A B LE S ........................................................................ .................................................... ................ 8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................... ..................................................... 9 1 IN T R O D U C T IO N ............................................................................................................................................. 10 1.1 W hy NiAl, W , and NiAl-W ? .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . .. .. ... ......... .. ........... . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . .. . 10 1.2 W hy Reactive Infiltration Process? ................................................ .. ......... ........................ 11 1.3 W hy com pression creep? .............................................................................................................................. 11 1.3.1 Monolithic homogeneous materials ........................................ ........................ 11 1.3.2 C om posite m aterials............................................................................................ ....................... 13 2 REACTIVE INFILTRATION PROCESSING OF NiAl AND NiAl COMPOSITES ................................... 18 2.


Increase in the number of serotonin (5‐HT) releasing neuroendocrine (NE) cells has been shown to be correlated with tumor progression, loss of androgen dependence, and poor prognosis. Serotonin is a well‐known mitogen which mediates a wide variety of physiological effects via multiple receptors, of which receptor subtype 1 (5‐HTR1) has been identified in prostate cancer (PC) cell lines. Recently, 5‐HT has been found to show growth‐promoting activity and to be functionally related to oncogenes.


Emerging markets are especially vulnerable to threats from climate change. Storms, droughts, and floods jeopardize the livelihoods of farmers, while extreme temperatures limit the ability of workers to be outdoors. Insurance is one tool that can help emerging markets adapt to climate change by heading off threats before they become disasters. Some pilot projects around the world are showing promise in using insurance to help emerging markets reduce the impact of climate change.


Recently, traditional advertising has lost a great deal of its credibility. In fact, other types of discourses are believed to have a better impact when it comes to influencing the consumers' decisions, such as interpersonal communication. That is the main reason why the modern forms of advertising have created for themselves an aura of communion and interaction, meant to spur the buying process. However, it is also the intention of advertising to gain its legitimacy in the public space, to be perceived more as a rightful speaker and less as a means of disseminating paid messages. We believe that most of the features for which advertising yearns in order to create itself a new persona, are features of interpersonal communication. The purpose of this article is to show how these characteristics can be employed by advertising in its pursuit of legitimacy and credibility.


Research questions: (1) What is the level of awareness of a slum community regarding injection safety. Objectives: To study the awareness and knowledge of the community regarding safe injection use. Study design: Cross-sectional, community-based. Participants: Adults above 18 years of age in a slum community of Delhi. Sample size: 363 families. Statistical analysis: Done using Epi info 6.x2 test of proportions was used to find the difference between the two proportions Results: A total of 363 families were interviewed. About 11.4% received one injection in the last three months. In children below 5 years. 72.8% of injections were preventive. The major proportion (66%) of therapeutic injections was provided by unqualified practitioners. In 52% of injection use, disposable syringes were used. Average cost per injection was found to be Rs. 22.60. Conclusion: It is important to create awareness among the slum dwellers and the local practitioners about the importance of disposable syringes and injectables.


Opportunistic routing protocol is proposed for broadcast and lossy characteristics existing in wireless multi-hop networks. Compared with traditional routing protocols, opportunistic routing protocol can bring higher data transmission abilities. Traditional opportunistic routing protocols have some problems, such as too large forwarding candidates set, too high protocol calculation expense and possible loops in its transmission paths. These problems limit the decrease of protocol calculation expense and the raise of protocol transmission abilities. We improved the selection process of forwarding candidates set (a candidate set of forwarding nodes) and the establishment of forwarding node in the node forwarding mechanism of opportunistic routing, then proposed a novel opportunistic routing protocol with improved node forwarding mechanism named IFOR (Improved Forwarding Opportunistic Routing). Experiments and analysis show that, compared with those opportunistic routing protocols which are based on the traditional node forwarding mechanism, IFOR can reduce protocol computing overhead and raise end-to-end packet delivery ratio in data transmissions.


: Research-based on local wisdom has been carried out to facilitate students to learn not only about science that has its roots in the west but also about local wisdom from ancestral heritage and applies from generation to generation, especially about food security. This research is a case study that aims to identify the potential of kindergarten about food retention to be taught in local elementary schools and learning strategies. The study was conducted in Tawangmangu, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. The participants were 42 local people, 32 primary school teachers and 8 officials in the basic education institutions. Semi-open questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used to collect data. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that food preservation in kindergarten in Tawangmangu which has the potential to be taught to elementary school students includes the myths of Mondosiyo and the Dhukutan myth, Mondosiyo and Dhukutan traditional ceremonies, procedures for making food made from corn, procedures for making offerings, non-rice farming systems, systems protect the environment, and medicinal plants. The recommended learning strategy is to bring students close to the source of material through practice, field studies, and bring in local knowledge experts as resource persons


The lithologic pool plays a more and more important role in Dongying Depression,so it is necessary to enhance study its main hydrocarbon source rocks in terms of hydrocarbon-expulsion characters and potential resource evaluation.The upper section of 4th member of Shahejie Formation includes two sets of hydrocarbon source rocks: dark mudstone and oil shale.In this paper,based on the theory of hydrocarbon-expulsion threshold,the hydrocarbon-expulsion characters and the potential resource evaluation of the upper section of 4th member of Shahejie Formation is discussed by hydrocarbon-generation potential method.The upper section of 4th member of Shahejie Formation discharged hydrocarbon mainly in the depositing stage of Minghuazheng Formation,with its hydrocarbon-expulsion threshold depth at 2 600 m.The total hydrocarbon-expulsion and the total sources are 59.67×108 t and 25.66×108t,in which the dark mudstone holds more than 72.18%,and the oil shale holds 27.82%.The comprehensice analysis leads to the conclusion that the the upper section of 4th member of Shahejie Formation is the main hydrocarbon source rocks to the lithologic pools in Dongying Depression.


The objective of this study was to develop a salad sauce containing by-products from Pleurotus Nebrodensis processing.The orthogonality experiment was used to optimize the main four factors that influenced the the flavor and taste of the product.And then salad sauces that contain different concentration of xanthan gum were analyzed using sensory evaluation,optic microscope,chromameter,and texture analyzer.The optimum conditions were as follows: 355 g bean salad oil,25 g/kg xanthan gum solution dissolved in the solution containing 3% by-products from Pleurotus Nebrodensis processing,140 g egg yolk,38 g sugar,10 g salt,90 g edible white vinegar,9 g mustard,1.0 g sodium glutamate,1.2 g white,0.05 g butyl hydroquinone,and 0.75 g potassium sorbate.The salad sauce obtained had better acceptance.


The phospholipid composition of diverse number of microorganisms has been subject of extensive study over the past several years. It has been demonstrated that phospholipids are dynamic biochemical entities exhibiting important functional roles in cellular physiology [1,2]. Neutral lipids were hitherto considered to be inert components of the cells but recently they have been found to be metabolically active and correlated to the metabolism of phospholipids in Streptomyces griseus [3]. Distribution of phospholipids in the membranes of Gram-negative bacteria is well documented [2] and differences were noticed in the composition of inner and outer membrane [4]. On account of difficulties experienced during the isolation of pure subcellular components, only a few reports give the phospholipid content and composition of the cellular fraction of some strains of Gram-positive bacteria [5]. However, no report is available regarding localization of neutral lipids in bacterial cells. S. griseus has been shown to contain phosphatidylethanolamine, cardiolipin, phosphatidylinositol, mannophosphoinositides, triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, triacylated and tetraacylated glucoses and free fatty acids as major lipid constituents [3,6]. The present study seeks to


Mg2B2O5 whiskers were synthesized by high-temperature solid-phase method with MgCl2·6H2O and H3BO3 as raw materials,NaC1as flux.The effects of calcinations time,calcinations temperature and the ratio of reactants on the composition and grain size of final powders were investigated.According to the test,when the mole ratio of Mg and B is 1∶3,the optimal Mg2B2O5 whiskers can be synthesized at 900℃for 6h.The whisker structures were characterized by XRD and the surface microstructure were analyzed by SEM.The result shows that the length of Mg2B2O5 whiskers is between 20~40μm.The mechanism of magnesium borate whisker synthesis was also discussed.


The invention relates to a truck mixer pump (10) with a vehicle chassis (14) and, arranged on the vehicle chassis vehicle structure comprising a body frame (16) and, arranged thereon, a boom support (22) for a material distributor mast (26), a mixer drum (24) having a front seen in the direction of travel and a rear Trommelauflagerbock (18, 20) and a gear having a motor and drive unit for the mixer drum (24). In order to enable a secure support at a reduced weight, built-in supporting means (30) for supporting the truck mixer pump (10) is provided at the bottom according to the invention, in the rear Trommelauflagerbock (20).


Proposals for the internationalization of civil aviation and the formation of an international air force blossomed in Britain, France and the United States between 1920 and 1945. The proposals were promoted by liberal internationalist constituencies in these three countries and reveal an enthusiasm for technocracy and technology within liberal internationalism. Aviation, internationalists argued, was too dangerous and held too much potential to be left in the hands of warring nations. It should instead be controlled by an international organization for the benefit of international peace and prosperity. Proposals were linked to the League of Nations in the interwar period and to the proposed United Nations Organization during the second world war. They were discussed at the 1932 League of Nations Geneva disarmament conference, and in 1944, at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference and the Chicago conference on international civil aviation.


A chronic nutrient overload causes various tissue-specific and systemic metabolic dysfunctions that increase the risk of kidney damage and promote CKD. Especially, the combination of high amounts of saturated fat, fructose and salt promotes dyslipidemia, hormonal disturbances, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis with impaired glomerular function hypertension reduced nephron number and susceptibility to obesity-related renal damage have suggested that obesity is associated with higher glomerular hyperfiltration, higher risks of proteinuria and CKD . WSD lead to increase fatty acids that inhibit IRS (insulin resistance). Insulin resistance stimulates lipogenesis and this increased by fructose. Renal damage due to obesity is severe in conjunction with uninephrectomy.


Unlike glacier ice, sea ice permits the slow but significant exchange of gases through it. This information is important in climate modifications models. Decay and photosynthetic activity in and immediately under the sea ice produce the trace gases. The relatively large-grain boundary and brine channels in sea ice are the pathways of the trace gas exchange between sea ice and the atmosphere.


With the ever-increasing sophistication of the population and the usage of vehicles, the number of modern road and bridge construction projects in India is increasing. To facilitate traffic flow, composite bridges are increasingly being implemented on a wide scale for highway building. In addition, new technology and equipment were gradually applied to road and bridge building. But, at the same time, there are several flaws in the structures due to the high technical requirements of bridge building, particularly the composite type of sections. The paper discusses the analysis and design of the Composite Single Span PSC-I Girder Bridge under IRC loadings using MIDAS. The analysis was carried out to get various outputs such as bending moment, shear force, and time-dependent characteristics like creep and shrinkage. At the construction stage, the PSC (prestressed) design of the span is carried out according to IRC standards to get output parameters such as principal stresses for prestressing tendon. The design involves calculation of the section properties, primary and secondary moments, magnitude and location of the prestressing force, profile of the tendons, losses due to prestressing and shear stresses on the section. The structure is designed in accordance with IRC guidelines.


We demonstrate experimentally how the local anisotropy of the dispersion relation of surface plasmon modes propagating over periodic metal gratings can lead to an enhancement of the figure of merit of refractive index sensors. Exploiting the possibility to acquire defocused images of the Fourier space of a highly stable leakage radiation microscope, we report a twofold increase in sensing sensitivity close to the band gap of a one-dimensional plasmonic crystal where the anisotropy of the band structure is the most important. A practical sensing resolution of O(10−6) refractive index units is demonstrated.


This chapter discusses Article 7 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which incorporates the principle of legality, by which, in the context of criminal law, a person should only be convicted and punished on a basis of law. Article 7 prohibits the retroactive application of criminal offences and of sentences imposed for them. The guarantee in Article 7 is an essential element of the rule of law, and has as its object and purpose the provision of effective safeguards against arbitrary conviction and punishment. An exception is allowed for offences that were contrary to general principles of law recognized by civilized nations.


FIELD: mining. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to well wiring providing means during drilling. In particular, disclosed is downhole deflecting tool, containing well deflecting tool housing; deflecting mechanism for underground well shaft drilling direction control; sensors for underground well shaft angular position measuring; and borehole processor. At that, borehole processor comprises: diverter position module, containing commands for measured angular positions values processing, received from sensors, to obtain diverter position during drilling; external feedback loop, containing commands for measured angular positions values processing, received from sensors, and target azimuth for producing of diverter target position; inner feedback loop containing commands for diverter positions values processing during drilling and diverter target position for producing of error signal; and target designator control unit containing commands for error signal processing in order to obtain commands for guide mechanism for drilling direction control. Also disclosed is diverter position control method during drilling. EFFECT: disclosed invention increases efficiency and sequence of drilling due to improvement of well arrangement and reduction of its path deviation from preset direction. 16 cl, 7 dwg


The objective of this project was to collect detailed information on topography and structure of vegetation surrounding three well-established flux towers. Within the EU10-01 project, the NERC Airborne Research and Survey Facility (ARSF) flew surveys over three sites in the Netherlands (2010), in Germany (2010), and in Sweden (2010 / 2011), collecting LiDAR, hyperspectral, and digital aerial photography data at high spatial density. Ecological field data and carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange fluxes were collected at the same time at all three sites. Two Leica GPS Systems (provided by the NERC Geophysical Equipment Facility, GEF) were deployed to these sites in support of the airborne and ground based surveys, providing highly essential GPS base station and rover data during the time of the data collection. Further, the NERC Field Spectroscopy Facility (FSF) provided equipment for calibration of the airborne hyperspectral imagery. The above data has been processed to derive maps of digital elevation, tree height, canopy height, fractional cover of vegetation, and leaf area index. Background Flux-tower measurements are increasingly used to quantify the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapour (H2O) between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere. Uncertainty in the source area (footprint) of these measurements leads to large errors in the calculation of the CO2 and H2O budgets; at present only 60-80% of the signal measured by flux towers can be accounted for. Detailed information on topography and structure of vegetation surrounding flux towers allows for reducing these errors. For this project, three well-established European flux towers have been selected. These longterm flux-tower sites represent three typical European forest biomes and are located in Germany (Tharandt), the Netherlands (Loobos), and in Sweden (Norunda); see Figures 1 and 2 and Table 1 for survey location and maps. The dataset collected within this project combines spaceborne and airborne LiDAR, hyperspectral imagery, aerial spectral photography, historic and coincident eddy-covariance measurements from the three flux towers, and ecological data from the tower areas. A method for reducing uncertainty in the upscaling of greenhouse gas fluxes to a regional or even global scale is improved and evaluated based on this dataset. The two GEF GPS systems were used to provide static real-time mode base station data for the airborne survey and to position the ground-based calibration measurements (flux tower, ecological measurements) with high accuracy relative to the airborne data. NERC Geophysical Equipment Facility View more reports on our website at http://gef.nerc.ac.uk/reports.php


There are two important arguments against the use of color slides which the teacher cannot afford to overlook. First, no matter how perfect the process of reproduction becomes, a color slide can never be regarded as a substitute for an original painting. The danger of this becomes greater, as the slide comes closer to the original. The teacher with his wider acquaintance with originals will probably not confuse the two, but the chances are that unless the student is given constant warning he will base his ideas about painting on the translated terms of color slides. Even from the teacher's point of view, anyone who has felt the insidious change in his ideas about an original painting which any type of colored re-production can cause knows that he should be cautious in their use himself.


Optical performance monitoring technology (OPM) is a technology to monitor the physical state and transmission quality of optical network. In this paper, a scheme based on asynchronous delay tap histogram (ADTP) is proposed. On this basis, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used to monitor optical performance, which completed modulation format recognition (MFI) and network performance parameter estimation under different damage. In this paper, an optical signal simulation system for 112 Gbps of DP-QPSK, DP-16PSK and DP-16QAM is set up. The optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and chromatic dispersion (CD) are mainly monitored. Asynchronous delay tap histogram is formed by asynchronous delay sampling. After extracting the characteristic parameters by CNN, the modulation format recognition, parameter OSNR and CD estimation are made. The simulation results show that CNN performs well in modulation format recognition, OSNR and CD estimation, with 100% modulation format recognition accuracy, 95% OSNR estimation accuracy, 95% CD estimation accuracy, 3.44% higher than asynchronous amplitude histogram (AAH)+SVM OPM scheme, and 40.79% higher than ADTP+CNN OPM scheme.


This paper presents a Power Factor Correction (PFC) based Bridge Less Canonical Switching Cell (BL-CSC) converter-fed Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive. The BL-CSC converter operating in a discontinuous inductor current mode is used to achieve a 0.99 power factor at the AC mains. The speed of the BLDC motor is controlled by varying the DC bus voltage using PI controller, where proportional and integral gains were tuned by conventional method. In order to reduce the switching losses of BLDC motor electronic commutation,Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) operates at fundamental frequency. Moreover, the bridgeless configuration of CSC converter offers low conduction losses due to partial elimination of diode bridge rectifier at the front end. The roposed configuration shows a considerable increase in efficiency.


Name: _________________________________________________ Student ID# ______________________ Local Address: _________________________________ City: ___________________ Postal: ___________ Local Phone #___________________________ Cell Phone #_____________________________________ Permanent Address: ___________________________ City: ____________________ Postal: ___________ Home Phone #_____________________ E-mail: _______________________________________________ Academic Exchange Destination (Institution Name and Country): _________________________________________________________________________________________ Academic Plan (i.e. Environment and Business): _______________________________________________


A short critical review is presented concerning the physical interpretation of electron and positron production data at the GSI accelerator in Darmstadt. The only reliable conclusions seem to be that the creation mechanism is a strong field effect and that the phenomenon is largely independent of the characteristic time of the collision. Before looking for new (exotic) physics it seems reasonable to inquire whether non-perturbative QED is fully understood. Following this motivation a rigorous but, at the same time, sufficiently explicit nonperturbative calculation scheme is developed, for QED in strong fields of short duration. The possible occurrence of correlated e+e− narrow structures is discussed in this framework.


In the VERS2 project, our approach to the area of automatic programming is through the development of high level languages (which allow a solution to a problem to be stated more easily), and optimizers (this is meant very broadly) for these languages which make their programs as efficient/as ones written (with more difficulty) in a lower level language. The specific programming language components which we deal with are data structures (and complex operations on them), naming structure, and extensibility. We are developing and experimenting with a particular high level language VERS2, which embodies these concepts. This research was supported under NSF Grant //GJ 34342X.


The need for reliable, scalable and efficient diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a major clinical need. Automating the diagnosis can lead to more accurate and objective predictions as well as provide insights regarding the nature of Parkinson's condition. This paper proposes a fully automated system to rate the severity (UPDRS-III scale) of PD from patients' speech. Specifically, the system captures atypicalities in an individual's voice when performing multiple diverse speaking tasks and makes a unified prediction of the PD severity. The performance is tested in a cross-data setting, with different subjects and dissimilar recording conditions. Results indicate that (i) effective features vary depending on the nature of the specific speech task, (ii) additional novel feature sets to detect distortions in Parkinson's speech significantly improve the prediction accuracy from the Interspeech15 Challenge baseline system and (iii) our fusion system based on an unsupervised clustering technique also improves the accuracy. Our system incorporates ivector and functionals for segmental features, non-linear time series features, speech rhythm and automatic speech recognition decoding based features. By its application on the Interspeech15 eating condition challenge, the system also shows its potential for detecting other sources of speech variability.


Human genetics has of late advanced rapidly in the knowledge of the biochemical, serological, morphological, and cytological basis of hereditary diseases. There has also been steady improvement in statistics and epidemiological technique applied to problems in human population genetics. To these advancements in Japan, several pioneers of human genetics contributed from different fields and standpoints. However, they were obliged to devote only a fraction of their time to human genetics, because there had been no human geneticist assigned as fulltime staff in universities and institutions of Japan until the Department of Human Genetics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, was established in 1956. The advances of the last three decades in diagnosis and therapy, the more widespread dissemination of public health information and the governmental activities in the area of preventive medical and public health services, have markedly reduced the number of deaths from infectious and contagious diseases. In Japan, for instance, the proportion of deaths attributable to such diseases is, at present, only 1/6 of those in 1930; while the number of deaths attributable to genetic and/or constitutional diseases have remained unchanged (see Table I). This fact has led many doctors in the fields of clinical and general medical sciences to pay an increasing attention to human genetics. Moreover, individuals with genetic or constitutional disease and the parents of such persons have been seeking for the etiology of their condition and the genetic prognosis for their diseases. Thus many physicians find in their practices that they are required to explain the genetic basis of the disease of their patients, particularly is this true in the university hospitals and other big hospitals. The unfortunate events of the exposure to the atomic bombs have also led Japanese people to consider the genetic effects of radiation in man. Under these recent circumstances, several physicians and geneticists were assigned as full-time staff in some national institutions. Consanguinity study. The frequency of consanguineous marriages


Salts with binuclear anions of the general formula [(η3-C3H4R)(CO)2Mo(μ-OR′)2(μ-OR″)-Mo(CO)2(η3-C3H4R)]- (R = h , R′, R″ = Me, 2 ; R = CH3, R′ = CH(CH3)2, R″ = OH, 3; R = CH3, R′ = OH, R″ = OSiMe3, 4) have been synthesised via reaction of [(η3-C3H4R)- Mo(CO)2(CH3CN)2(thf)]+BF4- , 1, with NaOMe, NaOiPr, and KOSiMe3. All products were characterised spectroscopically and investigated by single crystal X-ray analysis. In the case of 3 low temperature 2D-NMR spectra revealed that the solid state structure is maintained in solution and that the compound shows a trigonal twist-rearrangement at room temperature.


The present invention relates to SCR and protection methods. SCR of the present invention is functionally connected between the first node and the second node being protected. SCR is a collector that is functionally connected to the base of a first resistor and a first PNP transistor is connected to the base and a voltage source of a first PNP transistor a first PNP transistor including an emitter that is operatively connected to the first node including, the first comprising a base connected to the collector of the PNP transistor, and the second comprises a NPN transistor comprising an emitter connected to the node, PNP and NPN transistors are included in the protection SCR, voltage source a first bias to the base of the PNP transistor to control the trigger voltage of the SCR. Electrostatic discharge, the latch-up


Looking at continuous increase in the rate of food waste (FW) generation and the fossil fuel depletion, pyrolysis of the latter waste, e.g., via microwave (MW) technology, could be a better option for generating volatiles, which can be further used as an energy source (such as bio-oil). The moisture content (MC) of the feedstock plays a crucial role in obtaining good quality bio-oil. The excess amount of moisture in the feedstock results in a high water content in the generated bio-oil that jeopardizes bio-oil end-use [1]. Additionally, also the low hydrogen content in the bio-oil obtained from biomass makes it unfavorable for end use. On the other hand, the addition of plastic in biomass (paper, bamboo, tyres, etc.) improved the resulting bio-oil quality by hydrogen addition [2, 3]. Hence, the present study investigated MW co-pyrolysis of FW and plastic.