In order to understand what phenomenology is, we must make a distinction between two attitudes or perspectives that we can adopt. We must distinguish between the natural attitude and the phenomenological attitude. The natural attitude is the focus we have when we are involved in our original, world-directed stance, when we intend things, situations, facts, and any other kinds of objects. The natural attitude is, we might say, the default perspective, the one we start off from, the one we are in originally. We do not move into it from anything more basic. The phenomenological attitude , on the other hand, is the focus we have when we reflect upon the natural attitude and all the intentionalities that occur within it. It is within the phenomenological attitude that we carry out philosophical analyses. The phenomenological attitude is also sometimes called the transcendental attitude . Let us examine both attitudes or focuses, the natural and the phenomenological. We can understand each precisely in its contrast with the other. THE NATURAL ATTITUDE In our ordinary living, we are directly caught up with the various things in the world. As we sit conversing with others at the dinner table, as we walk to work, or as we fill out an application for a passport or for a driver's license, we have material objects presented to us, we identify them through the sides, aspects, and profiles through which they are given, we speak about and articulate them, we have emotional responses to things that are attractive or repellent, we find some things pleasant to look at or hear and others unpleasant and disruptive, and so on.


The aim of this paper is to present the basic principles of new historicism through analysing Stephen Greenblatt's two works: Resonance and Wonder and Invisible Bullets since new historicism is highly associated with Stephen Greenblatt. Social, political, and economic elements designate the literary works of a society. New Historicism will be explored in detail through considering the relationship between history and literature as literary works are regarded as historical texts according to this criticism; however, it will be concluded that fiction and history are storylike narratives.


Sir, Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus (PEODDN) is a congenital hamartoma with eccrine differentiation. It is characterized by asymptomatic‐grouped keratotic papules and plaques arranged in linear pattern usually localized on the palms and soles with distinct histopathological features. Here, we report a case of generalized PEODDN following the lines of Blaschko. A 22‐year‐old female presented with asymptomatic keratotic papules and plaques on the right side of the face, back, and right upper extremity including palm and nail since 4 years of age. There was no history of similar complaints in the family. Cutaneous examination revealed discrete keratotic papules, few papules coalescing to form hyperkeratotic plaques with central keratinous, comedo-like plugs, and pits in a linear configuration following the lines of Blaschko. These lesions were distributed linearly over the right palm extending above the wrist to the tips of fingers, forearm, arm, and right side of back not crossing the midline and right side of chin and cheek [Figures 1 and 2]. On dermoscopy, punctate pits filled with a keratin plug [Figure 3a] and involved nail showed yellow dot arranged in a linear fashion [Figure 3b]. Our clinical differential diagnosis was inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (VEN) and Blaschkoid PEODDN. General physical examination was normal. We took biopsy from papule over the palm and forearm and both revealed similar histopathology. Histopathological examination revealed orthokeratosis, and parakeratotic column filling a deep cup-shaped invagination in the epidermis [Figure 4]. Epidermis at the base of column showed loss of granular cells replaced by cluster of dyskeratotic cells. An eccrine duct was seen at the base of invagination consistent with acrosyringeal origin. The patient was given topical keratolytics in the form of 10% urea and 6% salicylic ointment.


This paper briefly discusses the existing MetaCon architecture, and its current upgrade to the ATTITUDE architecture for multi-agent, multilevel data fusion, as a motivation for formulating a tolerant approach to both procedural and declarative reasoning. Fuzzy first order logic is then formally defined before truth profiles are introduced to simultaneously accommodate ontological and epistemic uncertainty. Tolerant reasoning with truth profiles is then considered.


The consecutive steps of tumor growth, local invasion, intravasation, extravasation, invasion of anatomically distant sites, and immunosuppression are obligatorily perpetrated through specific interactions of the tumor cells with their microenvironment [...].


Since a causal relationship between H. pylori CagA+ strain infection and gastric cancer has been suggested, our aim was to evaluate the significance of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in H. pylori CagA+ strain lesions with correlation to endoscopic and pathological diagnoses. From 84 dyspeptic patients, endoscopic four antral biopsies were obtained for detection of H. pylori by histopathology (Giemsa staining), urease test and gene expression of H. pylori using PCR assay. Immunohistochemical staining for iNOS expression and quantitative detection of antiCagA antibodies were performed. Anti-CagA antibodies seropositivity and iNOS immunoexpression were significantly related to H. pylori infection. The positive rates of iNOS immunostaining increased with the lesion progression from chronic superficial gastritis to chronic atrophic gastritis to intestinal metaplasia. Positive immunostaining rates of iNOS correlated significantly with H. pylori CagA seropositivity with respect to both endoscopic and pathologic diagnoses. CagA+ H. pylori strains are associated with enhanced immunoexpression of iNOS in H. pylori-related gastric diseases, therefore they might contribute as risk cofactors for carcinogenesis. Given the high prevalence of H. pylori gastric diseases among EgypPoster Presentations 77 2012 The Authors. Histopathology 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 61 (Suppl. 1), 1–233 tian patients, prompt identification of those harboring CagA virulence factor is necessary for early eradication of infection before the development of pre-neoplastic lesions. 221 Gastro-Intestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST): a report of six cases observed in Côte d'Ivoire MIJM Diomandé, AB Effi, E Troh, B Doukouré, KJ N'dah, AA N'guiessan Laboratories of Anatomic Pathology, University Teaching Hospitals of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology, University Teaching Hospitals of Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire Introduction: GISTs are rare mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract accounting for 1–3% of gastrointestinal tumours. They are characterized by the expression of the proto-oncogene CD117 (CKIT). Materials and Methods: We report six cases of GISTs diagnosed by routine paraffin embedding methods and immunohistochemistry using CD 117 (Dako, polyclonal), CD34 (Biogenex) antibodies. Results: The average age of patients of 49.5 years with extremes of 36 and 70 years. The sex ratio was 1. The clinical symptoms were either a tumor syndrome complicated by gastrointestinal bleeding (50%), an isolated tumor syndrome (33.33%) or an incidental finding (16, 67%). Anatomically, the tumours were predominant in the stomach (four cases), and rarely located in small bowel (one case) and colon (one case). Macroscopically they were endophytic (three cases), exophytic (one case) or mixed (one case), with whitish heterogeneous and irregular (60%), homogeneous and necrotic (20%) or homogeneous mucocystic (20%) features. They had an encephaloid (60%) or necrotico-hemorrhagic (40%) consistency. At histology the tumor cells had a fusiform (50%), epithelioid (17%) or mixed (33%) appearance. Immunohistochemical study showed the positivity of tumor cells with anti-CD 117 (83%) and anti-CD34 (100%). According to the size and mitosis count, the GISTs were classified as high (66.66%), moderate (16.66%) or low (16.66%) risk of malignancy. Surgery was performed in four patients and none received medical treatment. Conclusion: GISTs observed in our country are predominantly located in the stomach. They have a poor prognosis as surgery is the only available treatment. 222 Increasing frequency of colonic and rectal carcinoma at the UCH Ibadan, Nigeriaa 16-year retrospective review BM Duduyemi, OA Oluwasola, EE Akang, JO Thomas-Ogunniyi Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Services Center, Shreveport, LA, USA Introduction: Colorectal carcinoma appears to be increasing in some developing countries with the adoption of sedentary western lifestyle and diet, migration patterns and the improved availability of requisite specialized medical services. The aim of this study was to determine whether there has been any recent change in the frequency and clinicopathological profile of colorectal carcinoma in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective review of histologically diagnosed cases of colorectal carcinoma between 1991 and 2006 from the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan. The WHO classification of colorectal carcinoma and TNM staging systems were used in this study. Results: Three hundred and fifty-four cases of colorectal carcinoma were analyzed. The relative ratio of frequency of colonic and rectal cancers increased appreciably over the study period. The male to female ratio was 1.3 : 1; age range was 9–86 years and modal age was 55–59 years. The common histological types include adenocarcinoma, NOS (288 cases), mucinous adenocarcinoma (57 cases) and signet ring cell adenocarcinoma (six cases). The majority of the tumors were in TNM stage I. Conclusion: There has been a sustained increase in the incidence of not only colonic but rectal carcinomas in Ibadan. These cancers tends to develop at a slightly lower age than that reported from higher incidence countries and this has important implications for the aetiopathogenesis of this disease among black Africans. 223 Significance of DNA mismatch repair genes and microsatellite instability in colorectal carcinoma in Ibadan, Nigeria BM Duduyemi, EEU Akang, AO Oluwasola, PA Adegboyega, JO Thomas Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Services Centre, New Orleans, USA Introduction: Though the incidence of colorectal carcinoma is relatively uncommon in Nigeria, compared to the developed countries, recent studies indicate an increasing trend. Our patients often present at an earlier age, which has important implications for the pathogenesis in Nigeria. This study attempts to determine the significance of microsatellite instability (MSI) in colorectal carcinogenesis using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detection of defects of DNA mismatch repair gene (MMR). Method: Suitable consecutive colorectal carcinoma cases identified from UCH, Ibadan, Pathology Department, 2006 files were stained with MMR IHC antibody panel (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2). Stained sections were reviewed for nuclear reactivity and graded according to staining intensity (weak +, moderate ++, strongly+++). Results: Of the 32 cases identified, IHC was performed on 27; excludedanorectal squamous cell carcinoma (1); metastatic tumors (2); malakoplakia (1) unrepresentative block (2). Age range: 22–74 years with nine cases <40 years. One case with no reactivity with any of the antibody was considered unsuitable. Two cases with only PMS2 nuclear reactivity but no reaction with other antibodies were considered equivocal. Five cases with no reactivity: MLH1 (2); MSH2 (3); MLH1 & MSH2 (1) including three cases aged 22, 27 years (MSH2) and 32 years (MLH1 &MSH2). Conclusion: The study confirms suitability of our tissue blocks for MSI analysis using IHC panel. The identification of MSI in a significant number of cases, particularly young individuals, suggests that defects of DNA mismatch repair genes are important factors in colorectal carcinogenesis in Nigerians. Detailed prospective study is needed for further elucidation. 78 Poster Presentations 2012 The Authors. Histopathology 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 61 (Suppl. 1), 1–233 224 Mitochondrial changes in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas R Novotný, J Ehrmann, V Procházka, IT di Angello, D Klos, J Kysučan, R Havlı́k Department of Microscopic Methods, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic, Department of Internal Medicine II – Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, 1st Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Introduction: The mitochondrial morphology is continuously modified by functional requirements and different cell demands. Mitochondria not only respond to external stimuli but also generate signals that may lead to tumor formation and progression. Analysis of mitochondrial ultrastructure in cancer cells revealed structural changes such as pleomorphism and cristal disorganisation compared to little or no mitochondrial pathology observed in normal cells. The aim of our study was to analyse mitochondrial ultrastructure in primary ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas and to compare it with normal pancreatic cells. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two samples of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas obtained by surgical resection or by endosonographic biopsy were fixed, postfixed, dehydrated and embedded. Ultra-thin sections were viewed under a transmission electron microscope JEM 2010 at accelerating voltage of 100 kV. Surrounding normal pancreas was used for analysis of non-tumorous cells. Results: Compared to normal mitochondrial ultrastructure in nontumorous cells, the mitochondria in cancer cells were seen with dense matrix and condensed configuration or with lucent-swelling matrix associated with disarrangement and distortion of cristae and partial or total cristolysis. Conclusion: Functionally, these structural alterations suppose the presence of hypoxia-tolerant and hypoxia-sensitive cancer cells. Hypoxia-tolerant cells are related to mitochondrial condensed appearance and are competent to produce adequate amount of ATP by mitochondrial respiration. Contrary, the hypoxia-sensitive cells with luce


To achieve high positioning accuracy, short transportation time and small swing angle of an overhead crane system, both motion and stabilization control strategies are required. Under different loading condition, an over-head crane system may experience a range of parameter variation. Consequently, to enhance both efficiency and safety and to extend the system application to other engineering fields, a robust controller is required. In this paper, an over-head crane is modeled as a nonlinear two degrees of freedom system with parametric uncertainties. The force exerted on trolley is considered as the control input of the system. Applying an inversed-base controller based on μ-analysis, robust stability and nominal performance are achieved for the perturbed plants. Using μ-synthesis with DK-iteration algorithm, an optimal robust controller is designed which guarantees the robust performance too.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


This article describes a high-resolution quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with a reproducibility of 0.2 Hz at 6 MHz, provided the frequency is always measured at the same temperature of the microbalance to within 0.1 °C. This enables the microbalance to measure a change in mass equivalent to about 0.1 monolayer of oxygen atoms. Due to its high mass sensitivity, the QCM can be used for absolute measurements of the stoichiometry of ultrathin oxide films. An absolute measure of the stoichiometry of ultrathin metal oxides is difficult to obtain by other means. In this technique, one measures the frequency shift after the deposition of about one monolayer of the metal film onto the gold electrode of the quartz crystal, in ultrahigh vacuum. The deposited film is then oxidized to completion in a low pressure of oxygen gas, and the frequency shift measured again, at the same temperature as before. The ratio of the frequency shifts and the atomic masses gives the oxide stoichiometry. Following the complete oxidation of submonolayer amounts of Sb on the polycrystalline gold electrode of the QCM, the ratio of oxygen to antimony atoms was measured to be unity. However, it is suggested that the stoichiometry of the oxide formed may be SbAuO rather than SbO, since the latter does not satisfy valency considerations. The accuracy of the microbalance measurements has been checked using an inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometer, which can easily measure, ex situ, the mass of a monolayer deposit with an accuracy of a few percent.This article describes a high-resolution quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with a reproducibility of 0.2 Hz at 6 MHz, provided the frequency is always measured at the same temperature of the microbalance to within 0.1 °C. This enables the microbalance to measure a change in mass equivalent to about 0.1 monolayer of oxygen atoms. Due to its high mass sensitivity, the QCM can be used for absolute measurements of the stoichiometry of ultrathin oxide films. An absolute measure of the stoichiometry of ultrathin metal oxides is difficult to obtain by other means. In this technique, one measures the frequency shift after the deposition of about one monolayer of the metal film onto the gold electrode of the quartz crystal, in ultrahigh vacuum. The deposited film is then oxidized to completion in a low pressure of oxygen gas, and the frequency shift measured again, at the same temperature as before. The ratio of the frequency shifts and the atomic masses gives the oxide stoichiometry. Following the complete oxidat...


This paper reports two distinct types of bifurcation paths exhibited by current-programmed DC/DC power converters, which are distinguished by the ability or inability to undergo repeated period-doublings. In particular, this paper focuses on the open-loop power converters, i.e., ones that do not contain an output feedback loop. It is shown that for the case of the boost power converter, the two different types of bifurcation paths can be viewed as part of another bifurcation in which a quasi-periodic sequence transmutes into a period-doubling sequence. For the buck power converter, however, period-doubling routes to chaos are found to be impossible, and in this case, the bifurcation patterns essentially comprise quasi-periodic regions with windows of periodicity. With the range of one bifurcation parameter fixed, the bifurcation diagrams contain more scaled-down replicas, as another bifurcation parameter increases, which are arranged in a manner similar to the period-doubling cascade.


Four compsocrinine camerate crinoids are described from the Lower Silurian Brassfield Formation of southwestern Ohio. These late early or early middle Llandoverian crinoids are assigned to the Periechocrinidae and include Tirocrinus trochos n. gen. and sp., Ibanocrinus petalos n. gen. and sp., Acacocrinus anebos n. sp., and the taxon Dimerocrinites? vagans Foerste, herein referred to periechocrinid incertae sedis. These Brassfield forms are the oldest known members of the Periechocrinacea and Periechocrinidae. Diagnoses of these supergeneric concepts are broadened to include the morphologic variability embodied within the Brassfield forms but not otherwise present in later periechocrinaceans.


Obesity is a focus of political and media discussion, since multiple datasets have shown that being overweight puts people at greater risk of serious illness from covid-19. But, if we want to improve the way we manage obesity, we need better research on what works in weight management—and a rethink of our approach to service provision.

NICE's most recent guidance on identifying, assessing, and managing obesity was published in 20141: in the six years since, has there been no new evidence that would warrant an update? At that time, a lot of NICE's recommendations were based on thin evidence, and NICE clearly accepted in its guidance that there were gaps in the research that needed covering. So, why hasn't the research community or …


The utility model discloses a plate flatness detecting device, which comprises a base with a horizontal bottom part, wherein the top part of the base is fixedly connected to a horizontal thin cuboid bracket, the bracket is provided with a hollow cuboid cavity, the inner wall at one side of the cuboid cavity is provided with a plurality of separation pieces in the direction facing to the other side, the clearance between the separation pieces is consistent with the width of a scale, and a gap for the scale to freely move in the cuboid cavity is reserved between the separation pieces and the inner wall provided with no separation pieces at the other side; and the lower end of the scale is hinged with sliding wheels. The plate flatness detecting device solves a technical problem in the processing and production process that an ordinary flatness testing device is high in error and not conducive to division and cooperation of labor and fine production.


The blasting demolition project of 240m high reinforced concrete chimney in complex environment was introduced.The vibration was controlled through a series of protective measures such as delay blasting technology,digging damping ditches and laying loess cushions.The blasting vibration monitoring data was analyzed also.Affects of blasting vibration were effectively controlled and the effect was significant.It could provide a reference for similar demolition blasting engineerings.


The background of this research is the issue of doubt or skepticism of the majority of the society's contribution towards the development of Islamic financial community, especially in the over-marginalized community including the informal sector entrepreneurs. Therefore, the aim of this research was to verify the contributions made by Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) as an Islamic financial institution that is inclusive of the development of informal sector entrepreneurs. The method of research used descriptive qualitative and quantitative approach through different statistical tests. The samples are members of BMT Daarut Tauhid, BMT Baiturrahim and BMT Nurul Ummah. Thus, these samples are active members as part of informal sector entrepreneurs, who obtain financing and mentoring from the BMT. Based on a comparative research between the pre and post condition of members of BMT of informal sector entrepreneurs have increased the quality of life in terms of economy, social and spiritual. The results of implementation of the movement need to be more structured and massive in empowering society through the informal sector entrepreneurs through Islamic model of financial inclusion supported by government policy regulations which is pro- economic development for sustainable development.


Basing on the turning/milling and the force characteristics of the machine,the seamless double-worm drive mechanism and the dual drive mechanism for linear servo are used in the feed system design of the crankshaft turning/milling machine.Basing on the linear single-drive,the AC servo motor and drive mechanism of the mathematical model are introducted,the traditional PID algorithm is used to calculate the designed feeding sysetm,the dynamic performance is achieved by MATLAB,and the parameters of the servo sector is determined.From that,the avoid condition of the linear double-dirve-off location is given,and this provides a theoretical basis of the crankshaft machine tool feed system.


BACKGROUND
Neuroimaging studies identified either focal and/or non-specific frontotemporolimbic damage resulting from mild-complicated to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a subset of 12 children 8-12 years of age who were part of the Social Outcomes of Brain Injury in Kids (SOBIK) study. The influence of identifiable damage on social behavior was examined.

METHODS
Magnetic resonance imaging was obtained on average 2.5 years post injury wherein cases with distinct abnormalities were selected. Various direct, performance-based measures of cognitive-social-emotional functioning were obtained along with data regarding peer relations and friendships in the classroom.

RESULTS
Overall, children with TBI were impaired on tasks of social-emotional processing compared to children with orthopedic injury (OI). Ten of the 12 children with TBI had multiple areas of impaired social-emotional functioning in comparison to OI controls. With regards to friendships, four of the nine children with TBI who had classroom data had no mutual friends, four also received low peer acceptance ratings, and two were perceived by peers as having high levels of rejection/victimization in the classroom.

CONCLUSIONS
Children with frontotemporolimbic or diffuse damage demonstrated variable social outcomes from their TBI. Results are discussed in terms of the heterogeneity of TBI-related abnormalities and their relationship to social behavior.


Automatically controlled in the driving to this vehicle and braking to follow in the drive assistance device of front truck in the front for being located at this vehicle, in the case of brake operating having been carried out in Braking mode control, also continue to control the output for carrying out brake force by Braking mode, prevent occupant from feeling that brake pedal is hard or brake force is insufficient.Drive assistance device (2) possesses:Braking force control unit (5), it carries out Braking mode control according to the transport condition of this vehicle (1A) and front truck (1B) to this vehicle (1A);And brake operating test section (10), it detects occupant and has carried out brake operating.In the case that braking force control unit (5) detects brake operating in Braking mode control by brake operating test section (10), the output that Braking mode control carries out brake force is continued through.


This paper analyzes the implications of executive hedge markets for firm value maximization in an optimal contracting framework. The main results are as follows: Without any hedging ability, the manager underinvests in risk at the firm level to diversify his own compensation risk. If the manager can trade a security correlated with firm specific risk, the underinvestment in risk is reduced, optimal managerial share ownership and equilibrium effort increase. If the manager can hedge by simulating the sale of his shares, however, he can completely undo any incentive scheme. The model predicts that a higher degree of financial market development implies higher managerial share ownership and more efficient risk taking at the firm level.


A meta-view of interviewing is presented. "Trouble" is defined only in relation to social context. Emphasis is placed on social interactions as solutions instead of social rules standardized by socially powerful groups.


At present traditional TVU English teaching affects TVU students'English learning,and it can't adapt to the development of English learning.ESA model in This Is English,Engage-Study-Activate combination and flexible use enable stu- dents to be the teaching center,activate their interest,realize the role exchange in teaching and learning and strengthen classroom study result.The author illustrates the practice of ESA model in his teaching of This Is English with particular examples.


According to the actual situation of assistance transportation in the mine,We has analyzed that the tradition manpower transportation and the track transportation of assistance transport mode exists some questions in the use,processing scene practice,We has developed the mine tunnel impractical flexible rope way transportation pulley,this pulley has many characteristic,for example,the simple structure,advantageous for the installment and the operation,the economy,the security,easy to repair,high efficiency,non-power consumption and so on to service,to enhance.It is a technology innovation of mine assistance transport vehicle and it has the higher use value which is worth further using and promoting in the mine.


Experimental study on combustor temperature field of heavy-duty gas turbine(E) was finished on high-pressure test system.Experimental results indicate that: circular temperature distribution coefficient of combustor is 0.2538,and radial temperature distribution coefficient is 0.1312,all of which do not meet the design requirements.Through adjustment of mix-holes size and layout of chamber,and increase of the penetration depth and intensity of mixing,the circular temperature distribution coefficient decreased to 0.2164,radial temperature distribution coefficient decreased to 0.0897,approaching the design target.The results have important significance for the experiment of similar combustors.


The flow behavior of the CSP 45 t single strand tundish is investigated by means of hydraulic model.Proportion of model of the tundish is 1∶3.Experiment conditions satisfies Froude number similarity.Minimum residence time distribution(RTD) curves are determined by pulse response.The proportion of the plug flow,mixed flow and dead volume are calculated.By means of optimization of the new turbulence inhibitor design and optimization of the combination plan of dams and weirs in connection with flow control the dead volume(Vd) in the tundish is reduced to 11.36 %,about 67.8% decrease in comparison with that by the original plan.Production contrast tests show that by means of the optimized flow control solution,removal of oxide inclusions in slab increases by 35.3 %.


This paper chronicles the outcomes of a semester-long study involving 560 lesson plans by 39 teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in two separate language centers in Rabat Morocco. The objective of this study is to report on the practices of EFL teachers when using movie-based cultural content for Multicultural Education (ME) purposes, as instructed by James Banks (2002) Approaches to Multicultural Curriculum Reform. Two research questions guided the current study: (1) do EFL teachers incorporate movies into their lesson planning for multicultural purposes? (2) Are ELF teachers' lesson plans compatible with the principles of ME of curriculum reform? To respond to these research questions, a qualitative research design was adopted, involving content analysis of the cultural contents in the corpora of lesson plans collected. The findings revealed that EFL teachers primarily used movie-based content as instructional tools for language acquisition rather than for cultural exploration. In addition to that, teachers' lesson plans indicate a deficiency in the progressive integration of ME approaches to multicultural curriculum reform, as their content does not reflect either the principles of the Transformative Approach (AP) or the Decision-Making & Social Action Approach (DM&SAA). The study concludes by a series of recommendations to navigate Multicultural curriculum reform through the use of movie-based cultural content.


It shall be shown that there exist real symmetric differential expressions of every even order with a nonempty essential spectrum which are not in the limit-point case.


Introduction and history by F. Hoffman Reasoning about time by M. C. Golumbic Orderings in automated theorem proving by H. Kirchner Programming with constraints: Some aspects of the mathematical foundations by C. Lassez The basis of computer vision by V. Nalwa Outsearching Kasparov by M. Newborn Mathematical foundations for probability and causality by G. Shafer Index.


Routine medical consultations provide individuals to determine any signs of a certain disease they may not even know it exists. During consults, medical professionals can diagnose severe or life-threatening conditions and prevent risks before they become worse. Support in health financial could be considered as one of the factors that a patient would practice medical checkups routinely. This study gauged the demographics of the patients who visited Multi-specialty Clinics and the benefits of Health Maintenance Organizations to support the health needs of this clientele. They measured the number of visits made by an HMO member pre-pandemic and at the height pandemic. Age, sex, and civil status were also included as identifiers to determine the number of patients per category. According to the findings of this study, HMO is evidently a powerful driver in the promotion and improvement of health-seeking behavior of the community and best achieved and enhanced in the group of HMO card users availing medical services at a Multi-Specialty Center in the North region, particularly during pandemic disasters.


With the challenging noisy measurements, the maneuvering safety and comfort level of hovercraft navigation can be significantly increased by accurate motion parameter estimation. Because traditional hard/soft thresholding schemes have discontinuities and deviation shortcomings, an improved wavelet thresholding method is proposed to smooth and estimate the dynamic motion parameters. Then, an inter-scale correlation method is introduced to improve the accuracy of judgment of the wavelet coefficients near the threshold. The newly improved wavelet thresholding and inter-scale correlation scheme can increase the adaptability of the estimator function and improve the accuracy of judgment of wavelet coefficients. Afterwards, a series of numerical simulation experiments are carried out by using four benchmark signals with three different noise levels. Compared with traditional hard/soft thresholding and semi-soft thresholding methods, the proposed improved parameter estimation scheme has a great advantage in denoising the signal noise and reducing the peak interference and the error between decomposition signal and the original signal. Finally, the proposed improved parameter estimation scheme was applied to a certain hovercraft in sea trial. Representatively, some important safety and comfort indicator parameters are selected from actual hovercraft motion measurements to verify the effect of the proposed scheme. From the data analysis, it is shown that the improved scheme behaves an outstanding performance in denoising and estimating for practical application, which improves the safety and comfort of navigation. Otherwise, the effective estimation of indicator parameters will make the further active control be available to assure maneuvering safety and comfort level of hovercraft navigation.


In article in theoretical and practical aspects modern representations on a problem of research of the proiznositelny party of the speech at preschool children with speech pathology are considered. Authors the main reveal theoretical the provisions and the principles which are been the basis for system of the logopedic diagnostics directed detection of features of a sound pronunciation at preschool children with violations of the speech.


This paper proposes a tractable sudden stop model to explain the main patterns in firm-level data from a sample of Southeast Asian firms during the Asian crisis. The model incorporates trend shocks and financial frictions, features that have so far been used separately in the literature on emerging markets. A negative shock to trend productivity growth can account, in our model, for the drop in output and its swift recovery together with the sizable and persistent downward adjustment in firms' Tobin's Q and debt levels. These patterns are broadly shared by most sudden stop episodes as documented in the literature. Trend shocks can also generate, in our model, strong leverage effects in line with the firm-level data and other observations from the literature.


Recently, endothelial cells (ECs) have been shown to generate a potent vascular chemorepellant factor. This metabolite, 13-HOD is reported to be the major lipoxygenase product produced in microgram amounts in ECs (JBC 260:16056, 1985). We have studied the effect of 13-HOD on EC arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, and report modulation of both AA release and conversion to prostacyclin. Using fetal bovine aortic ECs, 13-HOD stimulated prostacyclin production (RIA for 6KPGF1α ) by 40±13% (1SE), and 51±09% at 10 and 30μM (P<0.05; n=5). When the time-course of this effect was evaluated, 13-HOD (30μM) significantly enhanced the time-dependent release of 6KPGF1α by 31 to 51% between 5 and 120 min. (P<0.05 to 0.01; n=5). In [14C]AA labeled cells, this compound modulated both AA release and its subsequent conversion. In 5 paired experiments, 13-HOD (30μM) enhanced the release of AA from membrane phospholipids (9065±0553 cpm/well in controls vs 10738±1725 in 13-HOD treated cells; PC0.01). Analysis of cellular phospholipids revealed a significant decrease in [14C]phosphatidylethanolamine (62312±3963 cpm/well in controls vs 56959±4104 in 13-HOD treated cells; P<0.02). No significant changes were seen in the levels of phosphatidyl-choline, -serine, -inositol, or phosphatidic acid. Production of [14C]prostacyclin was stimulated by 56±16% (P<0.01 ), while total cyclooxygenase metabolites increased by 28±8% (P<0.01), suggesting effects on both cyclooxygenase and prostacyclin synthetase. 13-HOD, the major vascular product of linoleic acid enhances both AA release and metabolism, thus demonstrating an intimate hemostatic interaction between the metabolic products of these two polyunsaturated fatty acids in endothelial cells.


DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018.6.3.81 Abstract: The aims of our study were to assess the perinatal outcomes associated with polyhydramnios and to determine if there is a relationship between degree of polyhydramnios and risk of these adverse outcomes. Material and methods: The material included 50 patients at or beyond 28 weeks of gestation with AFI≥25 and 50 others with normal AFI. Among case group 34 diagnosed with mild polyhydramnios, 14 with moderate and 2 with severe polyhydramnios. Perinatal outcome were compared between case and control group. Results: we observed that polyhydramnios cases had higher incidence of low apgar scores, congenital anomalies, NICU admissions and perinatal mortality as compared to controls. Antenatal diagnosis of polyhydramnios should be considered as a warning sign. Prompt neonatal resuscitation should be ready at the time of delivery and done by experts for better perinatal outcome.


A team at Edinburgh University is promoting a 1150 km/h 'hyperloop' link to London and expects to test its magnetically levitating pod design in the USA this summer. Adam Anyszewski and Carolina Toczycka of HypEd say it could revolutionise transport.


When an endpoint of a manipulator is moving in touch with a rigid smooth surface, the manipulator should be controlled to achieve both a desired position trajectory of the endpoint and a desired contact force at the contact point. In this paper, we deal with a hybrid controller of repetitive learning control and model-based adaptive control for geometrically constrained robot manipulator. The convergence of joint angular errors and contact force errors is proved under an appropriate initial condition and the smoothness of the constraint surface. Furthermore, by the simulation experiment, we show that the proposed hybrid controller makes 2-link constrained manipulator track a desired position and a desired constraint force trajectory


Musical imagery can be defined as the conscious experience of an internal representation of music—a form of inner hearing. This chapter adopts a psychological approach to considering temporal aspects of musical imagery, from the characteristics and frequency of episodes ranging in scale from seconds and minutes (e.g. the mental continuation of interrupted music), to the potential impact of circadian (24-hour) rhythms upon the subjective experience of musical imagery. The common ground between musical imagery and other forms of spontaneous cognition, combined with evidence of temporal fluctuations in our conscious awareness of inner music, suggests a new cyclical model of musical imagery. Exploring the music in our 'mind's ear' has the potential to shed light on the time course of consciousness, with consequences not just for what it means to re-present music in the mind but also for how and when new ideas come to be experienced in our imaginations.


As one sector in service trade industry,the measurement of com-parative advantage in the transport services industry is usually based on the statis-tical data of Balance of Payment.Based on the trade statistics of 1992-2008,this paper analyzed competitiveness of trade in transport services of USA and China,and assessed the intra-industrial division of labor in three items of passenger fares,freight,and port services between these two countries.This paper finds that USA and China each has strong competitiveness in transport services;assess-ment of trade in international services is not always reliable just by calculating the trade indices through Balance of Payment statistics,some aspects such as eco-nomic level,degree of industrialization and trade liberalization,endowment of fac-tors should be taken into account.


The main aim of this study was to explore the level of perceived stress and burnout syndrome among Slovak helping professionals as well as to clarify the relationship between the negative consequences of helping (stress and components of burnout syndrome) and performed activities of self-care. The study included 745 helping professionals in Slovakia in the age range was 20-65 years (M = 44.04; SD = 10.33 of whom 89% were women. The respondents completed the Slovak adaptation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach, Jackson, & Leiter, 1996), Slovak version of the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983) and the Performed Self-Care Questionnaire (Lichner, Halachová, & Lovaš, 2018). In general, the results showed a moderate level of perceived stress, slight level of exhaustion, low level of depersonalization and moderate to high level of personal accomplishment in this sample. The results also suggest that Slovak helping professionals perform more psychological than physical self-care activities. In general, the linear regression analyses indicate that performed self-care, especially psychological self-care and self-care at work, are significant predictors of burnout syndrome and perceived stress. The results of this study will contribute to the preparation of preventive programs for Slovak professionals, which is one of the primary objectives of the broader grant project, which the current study is a part of.


The process of sister chromatid pairing, or cohesion establishment, is coupled to DNA replication and fundamental to proper chromosome segregation and cell viability. In the past year, several articles have provided important new insights into cohesion establishment, an activity predicated on the acetyltransferase Ctf7/Eco1. Here, I review new findings that the conversion of chromatid-bound cohesins into a cohesion-competent state involves Ctf7/Eco1-mediated acetylation of the cohesin subunit Smc3. These studies further explore an anti-establishment activity that involves the binding of accessory factors WAPL/Rad61 and Pds5 to the cohesin subunit Scc3/Irr1. The anti-establishment activity of WAPL/Rad61 and Pds5 is temporarily relaxed by Ctf7/Eco1 during S phase to promote sister chromatid pairing. These findings are likely to be of clinical relevance, given the role of cohesion pathways in a wide range of disease states.


Abstract The paper deals with the modernization and adaptation to the new features of existing objects in the urban fabric. In the twenty-first century the digital design tools, which are interfaced with the production of computer technology, have opened the new opportunities that not only are shaping the architectural objects, but also interferencing in the buildings' structures. The selected objects are examined, which have been implemented in the European cities centers, and the new design approaches, which are taken to induce the new strong interactive effects, are indicated. The analyzed objects are: the Extention of German Historical Museum (1997–2004) in Berlin, the Weltstadthaus (2003–2005) in Cologne, the King Cross Station (2005–2012) in London, the Palazzo Unione Militare (2010–2013) in Rome, the headquarters of the Pathé Foundation (2006–2014) in Paris. Each of the enumerated examples shows a diverse approach to designing, and what combines them is the use of the digital tools especially the topological ones in the constructing the parametric forms, which reflect the age of digital technologies and the information society.


There is growing resentment of people against government which is visible from the ever growing number of litigation filed against government and government actions. This also indicates the mistrust of the people on the government's actions. It has caused due to lack of functional link between the ideology and functional policy of respective government. Articulation of cherished ideology and its circumferences will assist the functionaries to lay such functional policies in tune with the accepted policy of a State ( not of a Government). The political concept of 'Republic' is one of the one of the oldest political ideology, but its practice is eroding due to inconsistent understanding on it. To make 'Republicanism' as civic virtue, it is sine qua non to understand the same in existing Constitutional structure. People of India have declared to establish a Republic and Republicanism for themselves. This article is an endeavour towards that from Indian Constitutional law perspective. Concentration is on reading the modern perception of 'Republic' and linking the same with Indian Constitutional structure. In the present deliberation, the author candidly admits that he has refrained to examine the modern perception of 'Republic of India' from functional perspective of Indian Republic.


Leaf photosynthesis relies on CO2 diffusing in while water vapour diffuses out. When stomata close, cuticle waxes on the epidermal tissues increasingly affect this diffusion. Also, changes in turgor can shrink or swell a leaf, varying the cuticle size. In this study, the properties of the cuticle were investigated while turgor varied in intact leaves of hypo stomatous grape (Vitis vinifera L.) or amphistomatous sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). For grape, stomata on the abaxial surface were sealed and high CO2 concentrations outside the leaf were used to maximize diffusion through the adaxial, stoma-free cuticle. For sunflower, stomata were closed in the dark or with abscisic acid to maximize the cuticle contribution to the path. In both species, the internal CO2 concentration was measured directly and continuously while other variables were determined to establish the cuticle properties. The results indicated that stomatal closure diminished the diffusion of both gases in both species, but for CO2 more than for water vapour. Decreasing the turgor diminished the movement of both gases through the cuticle of both species. Because this turgor effect was observed in the adaxial surface of grape, which had no stomata, it could only be attributed to cuticle tightening. Comparing calculated and measured concentrations of CO2 in leaves revealed differences that became large as stomata began to close. These differences in transport, together with turgor effects, suggest calculations of the CO2 concentration inside leaves need to be viewed with caution when stomata begin to close.


We explore Glauber Monte Carlo predictions for the planned ultra-relativistic ${}^{16}{\rm O}$+${}^{16}{\rm O}$ and p+${}^{16}{\rm O}$ collisions, as well as for collisions of ${}^{16}{\rm O}$ on heavy targets. In particular, we present specific collective flow measures which are approximately independent on the hydrodynamic response of the system, such as the ratios of eccentricities obtained from cumulants with different numbers of particles, or correlations of ellipticity and triangularity described by the normalized symmetric cumulants. We use the state-of-the-art correlated nuclear distributions for ${}^{16}{\rm O}$ and compare the results to the uncorrelated case, finding moderate effects for the most central collisions. We also consider the wounded quark model, which turns out to yield similar results to the wounded nucleon model for the considered measures. The purpose of our study is to prepare some ground for the upcoming experimental proposals, as well as to provide input for possible more detailed dynamical studies with hydrodynamics or transport codes.


A total of 177 patients with primary dislocation of the patella (PDP) were admitted to two trauma centers in Helsinki, Finland during 1991 to 1992.

The inclusion criteria were: 1. Acute (≤14 days old) first-time lateral dislocation of the patella. 2. No previous knee operations or major knee injuries. 3. No ligament injuries to be repaired. 4. No osteochondral fractures requiring fixation. 50 patients were excluded. 30 of these excluded patients would have met the inclusion criteria, 19 patients received treatment by consultants not involved in the study, 7 refused to participate and 4 had an erroneous randomization.

127 patients including, 82 females, were then randomized to have either tailor-made operative procedure (group O) or conservative treatment (group C). The aftercare was similar for both groups. The mean age of the patients was 20 (9-47) years. All patients were subjected to analysis of trauma history (starting position and knee movement during the dislocation), examination under anesthesia (EUA) and arthroscopy. 70 patients (52 females) were randomized by their odd year of birth to operative group O and 57 patients (30 females) by their even year of birth to conservative group C. The diagnosis of PDP was based on locked dislocation in 68 patients, on dislocatability in EUA in 47 patients, and on subluxation in EUA combined with typical intra-articular lesions in 12 patients.

In group O, 63 patients had exploration of the injuries on the medial side of the knee and tailor made reconstruction added with lateral release in 54 cases. The medial injury was operated by suturing in 39 patients, by duplication in 18 patients and by additional augmentation of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) with adductor magnus tenodesis in 6 patients. 7 patients, without locking in trauma history and only subluxation in EUA had only lateral release for realignment. In adductor magnus tenodesis the proximal end of the distal tendinous part was rerouted to the upper medial border of the patella.

In the conservative group C, the treatment was adjusted to the extent of patellar displacement in EUA. Patients with dislocation in EUA had 3 weeks' immobilization with the knee in slight flexion. Mobilization was started with a soft patellar stabilizing orthosis (PSO) used for additional three weeks. The patients with subluxation in EUA wore an orthosis for six weeks. The aftercare was similar in group O. The outcome was similar in both groups. After an average of 25 (20-45) months´ follow-up, the subjective result was better in group C in respect of the mean Hughston VAS knee score (87 for group O and 90 for group C, p=0.04, visual analog scale), but similar in terms of the patient's own overall opinion and the mean Lysholm II knee score. Recurrent instability episodes occurred in 18 patients in group O and in 20 patients in group C.

After an average of 7 (6-9) years´ follow-up, the groups did not show statistical difference either in respect of the patient's own overall opinion, or the mean Hughston VAS and Kujala knee…


Entering the pollutants specially heavy and toxic metals into the water resources has worried the human societies specially those researchers who have been studied much research about this field, this claim of which is proved by the number of valid published articles. Neglecting toxic material removing from water will pose the non-compensable injuries to living organisms and environment. In the paper, the 2- Mercaptobenzothiazole modified polyurethane foam has been used for removal of Cu ion from contaminated water solutions. The continuous experiments have been carried out through preparing adsorption columns for studying and optimizing the effect of primary concentration of the metal, pH, adsorbents used in respect of gram and various conditions for preparing the used polyurethane. The results of the experiments indicated that optimized condition for removing Cu ion with performance of   includes 5 g modified polyurethane sorbent by modifier with concentration 0.001 M and pH=5.


Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr., Fabaceae), a native plant of South Asia, is an important source of vegetable oil and proteinaceous feed for cattle, poultry, and humans worldwide. Soybean is also considered a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, amino acids, minerals, isoflavones, and probiotics in the form of fermented soy products. In India, soybean is a commercially important crop as 11.94 million metric tons of seeds and 1.69 million metric tons of edible oil were produced in 2013 according to FAOSTAT (Food and Agriculture Organization, Statistical Division), United Nations. Maharashtra is the second largest producer of soybean seeds in India and Vidarbha is a hotspot for soybean cultivation. Leaves of symptomatic soybean plants showing typical witches'-broom symptoms, which included stunting, shortened internodes, and intense proliferation of leaf and flower buds, were collected from fields of Akola district (Vidarbha region), Maharashtra, during the monsoon season (August and September) of 2015. A total of 197 symptomatic soybean samples of cultivar JS 335 were collected from 26 fields of Akola district. To estimate disease incidence, ∼70 to 100 plants from 10 to 15 randomly selected rows in each surveyed field were visually recorded for disease symptoms. Disease incidence was ranged from 2 to 10% in these fields. To confirm the association of phytoplasma, 25 mg of leaf tissue from 10 representative symptomatic and one asymptomatic plant were used for total DNA extraction using MO BIO PowerPlant Pro DNA Isolation Kit (Carlsbad, CA). The phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene was detected in all 10 symptomatic samples using PCR assay with phytoplasma universal primers P1 and P7 (Smart et al. 1996). No amplification was observed in the DNA isolated from the asymptomatic plant. All 10 PCR fragments were sequenced directly using primers 343R, 704F, 907R, 1028F, and 1492R (Baker et al. 2003). The obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences were identical to each other which showed 100% homology with a strain PpYc (Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia, Y10097, 16SrII D) when compared using the EzTaxon 16S rRNA database. The representative sequence was deposited in GenBank with accession no. LT558766. The virtual RFLP (Zhao et al. 2009) pattern derived from the R16F2n/R16R2 part of 16S rRNA sequence (LT558766) was found identical to the reference pattern of the 16Sr group II, subgroup D (Y10097), with a pattern similarity coefficient of 1. Earlier, 16SrI group phytoplasma reported from New Delhi, India, was identified to be associated with soybean witches'-broom disease (Kumar et al. 2014). However, peanut witches'-broom group phytoplasma (Ca. P. aurantifolia, 16SrII-C) was recorded on soybean only from Malawi and Mozambique (Lava Kumar et al. 2011). To our knowledge, this is the first report of 16SrII-D phytoplasma strain associated with witches'-broom disease of soybean from India. Soybean is the number one oilseed crop in terms of both area and production and plays a significant role in improving the socioeconomic conditions of small and marginal farmers of central India, making this disease study more significant.


We report results of multiband optical photometric monitoring of two well known blazars, S5 0716+714 and BL Lacertae, carried out during 1996 and 2000−01 with an aim to study optical variations on time scales ranging from minutes to hours and longer. The light curves were derived relative to comparison stars present on the CCD frames. Night to night intensity variations of > 0.1 mag were observed in S5 0716+714 during a campaign of about 2 weeks in 1996. A good correlation between the lightcurves in different optical bands was found for both inter-night and intra-night observations. In all, two prominent events of intra-night optical variability (INOV) were detected in S5 0716+714. Each of these rapidly varying segments of the lightcurves can be well fitted with an exponential intensity profile whose rate of variation is essentially the same in both cases. Our long-term monitoring data of S5 0716+714 showed a distinct flare around JD 2451875 which can be identified in the BVRI bands. This flare coincides with the brightest phase recorded during 1994−2001 in the long-term lightcurves reported by Raiteri et al. (2003). No evidence for the object to become bluer when brighter was noticed on either inter-night or intra-night time scales. On the other hand, our essentially simultaneous multiband optical observations of BL Lacertae in October 2001 showed flux variations that were not achromatic. This blazar definitely was found to become bluer when brighter on intra-night time scales and there is a less significant trend of the same type on inter-night time scales. Based on five nights of observations during a week, BL Lacertae showed a peak night-to-night variability of ∼ 0.6 mag in B. Thus, we found that the present optical observations of the two prominent blazars, made with similarly high sensitivity, reveal a contrasting behaviour in terms of the dependence of spectral hardening with increasing brightness, at least on intra-night, and possibly also on inter-night, time scales.


Wireless technology, taken for granted today, was once an innovative wonder that would forever change how the world communicates. Developed by Guglielmo Marconi in the latter half of the nineteenth century, wireless telegraphy combined advancements made by Samuel Morse, William Cooke, Charles Wheatstone, Alexander Graham Bell, and countless others to lay the foundation for the modern wireless world. Intrigued and fascinated by the new phenomenon of electricity, Marconi began to experiment with electric sparks in his attic workshop. In the Apennine Hills south of Bologna, Italy, his parents were the first to hear a bell ring without the aid of wires. By the time he was twenty-two, Marconi had perfected his methods. He took his revolutionary invention to England in 1896 to share it with the world. Not everyone received his creation favorably, however, especially after Marconi created the Wireless Telegraph & Signaling Company. In the midst of the Italian unification and Second Industrial Revolution, Marconi faced his own patent and monopoly wars with British, German, and American adversaries. The innovation of wireless communication, despite making the world more technologically unified than ever before, caused societal rifts and transformations that would impact the modern world for generations.


The psychic components of attitudes are regarded as the indicator of adaptation and the evaluation of the development opportunities of generation of young people. The article presents the findings of the psychological empirical research (carried out within the period 1993-2009) on the emotional component of the attitude of the youth to the social and economic realities which play the role of the life-activity resources.


More than 525,000 people serve as educational paraprofessionals in the United States (Likins, 2003). Due to the large number of paraprofessionals, their recruitment, hiring, training, and supervision has received increased emphasis. This article summarizes current legislation regarding the roles and responsibilities of paraeducators, and methods and ideas are suggested for preparing and managing paraeducators.


In the United Kingdom, the main role of the cardiac surgical nurse assistant (SNA) is to harvest the vascular conduit, a role traditionally held by the cardiothoracic Senior House Officer (SHO). This overlap in roles may deprive the cardiothoracic SHO of the chance to harvest an intact long saphenous vein (LSV) which provides an important training exercise in careful tissue handling, haemostasis and wound closure, skills all essential for a surgeon in training. Alex et al. [1] have shown that the use of SNAs does not adversely affect outcomes. This is interesting but of greater importance is their impact on surgical training. The authors have not addressed this. We performed a telephone questionnaire survey of all cardiothoracic SHOs in accredited training posts in England and Wales between 20 and 30 July 2002 (unpublished data). The SHOs were asked to provide data on the number of operative procedures performed over the previous 6 months as recorded in the Royal College of Surgeons logbook. One hundred and ten SHOs were included in the survey and divided into two groups. The SNA group ðn 1⁄4 58Þ comprised SHOs who worked with SNAs, while the nonSNA group ðn 1⁄4 52Þ did not. The two groups were similar with regards to cardiac surgery experience and possession of the diploma of membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) or equivalent post-graduate qualification. The median number (interquartile range) of LSV dissected free in the non-SNA group was 30 (14.3–71.3) compared to 15 (3.6–35) in the SNA group ðP 1⁄4 0:001Þ: In the non-SNA group, the median number (interquartile range) of cases in which the SHO initiated cardiopulmonary bypass was 1 (1–2) compared to 10 (2–25) for those in the SNA group ðP 1⁄4 0:004Þ: 37/58 (64%) of SHOs who worked with SNA found their presence beneficial and in some cases it allowed them to perform other more advanced aspects of the operation such as median sternotomy, initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass and sternal closure. The presence of the SNA seems to alter the nature of surgical training for SHOs. The impact of this on the quality of surgical training needs to be investigated further.


Nonlinear refraction, nonlinear absorption and light induced dichroism (LID) were investigated in silver colloids. The third-, fifth-, and seventh-order susceptibility were determined. The ultrafast dynamics of LID and the contribution of surface plasmons were characterized.


Caregivers awareness of sexuality This study deals with the results from two focus group interviews with 13 students from education in "Sexology and Disability" by Oslo and Akershus University College (HIOA). The purpose of this study was to highlight the experiences and perceptions of employees in their work with the theme of sexuality. Findings from the study show that it is still difficult to talk openly about people with developmental disabilities and their sexuality. Many see it as a taboo area. The study shows that both the caregiver and care recipient are in need of training. Staff working with the theme of sexuality may feel stigmatized by colleagues. They get little support from managers and colleagues. Management must ensure good care for the client. The study indicates that employees should have knowledge and methods to meet the challenges of sexual education and prevent abuse.


The f u n c t i o n o t m i c r o c i r c u l a t i o n i s t o achieve the exchange of gases, f l u i d s and substances between b lood and t issues. By decreasing the diameter o f the c a p i l l a r i e s and the spacing between them the t r a n s p o r t processes are made more e f f i c i e n t f o r two reasons: 1. The same blood volume wi 11 have an increased area o f con tac t w i t h the t i s s u e and 2. the t r a n s p o r t d i s tance w i t h i n the c a p i l l a r i e s and i n the t i ssues w i l l be minimized (1) . However, the sma l les t c a l i b r e o f c a p i l l a r i e s must s t i l l pe rmi t the passage o f e ry th rocy tes and o t h e r b lood c e l l s . Red c e l l s w i t h r e s t i n g diameters o f 8pm are ab le t o e n t e r c a p i l l a r i e s w i t h diameters o f 3~ because o f t h e i r unique a b i l i t y t o assume var ious shapes i n a very s h o r t t ime. Thus, r e d c e l l d e f o r m a b i l i t y i s a i m p o r t a n t p r e r e q u i s i t e f o r narrow and c l o s e l y arrayed c a p i l l a r i e s . The t ime f o r marked ex tens iona l deformat ion, f o r the passage o f a r e d c e l l through a c a p i l l a r y and f o r deoxygenation i s approximately 0.1 s (2, 3) . Moreover, r e d c e l l deformat ion accelerates deoxygenat ion o f r e d c e l l s ( 2 ) . This may be expla ined by c l o s e r con tac t o f r e d c e l l s and vessel w a l l , by a sma l le r s tagnant l a y e r on t h e c e l l sur face and bv m ix ina o f the hemoalobin dur ina c e l l u l a r deformat ion. Red c e l l d e f o r m a b i l i t y a l s o a f f e c t s p l a t e l e t aggregat ion and p l a t e l e t adherence t o the vessel w a l l (5) . P l a t e l e t adherence mav be increased as a r e s u l t o f decreased ;ed c e l l de fo rmab i l i t y , Department of Haematology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Queen Mother's Hospital, Glasgow, Department of Biochemistry, University College, Cardzff; U.K.


The spanish university is before the challenge of the european convergence as for higher education. The Declaration of Bolonia (1999),in that the bases of the EEES are established, it raises to the compromised countries a series of strategic aims as for quality, with clear normalize intentions to facilitate the comparability. In this paper the modern concept of quality is exposed, its gradual incorporation to the culture of higher education organizations and it describes the normative approach of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), for the management of quality system, according to the international norm ISO 9001:2000, that guarantees the quality of a formative product that satisfies the requirements of the university students and the rest stakeholders, with an added value superior to that of the simple fulfilment of the requirements of accreditation.


The study applies the probabilistic framework of nonparametric frontier estimation in order to model the effect of competitive conditions on sectors' production efficiency levels. We utilize conditional Order-m robust frontiers modeling the dynamic effects of competitive conditions on a sample of 462 U.S. 6-digit manufacturing sectors over the period 1958-2009. The results derived from the time-dependent robust conditional estimators unveil a non-linear relationship between market competition and productive efficiency. Our findings suggest that for higher competitive conditions the effect is positive up to a certain threshold point after which the effect becomes negative.


In recent years, the fishing effort of the world fisheries increased rapidly and as a result, many fisheries are now facing the problem of resource depletion. Against this background, the measures for fisheries management seem to be shifted from traditional input control to output control. In this paper, the experiences of applying the TAC and ITQ in fisheries management of some countries, especially New Zealand's are analyzed. And the present situation, the effects and the existing problems of enforcing TAC and ITQ, as well as the relations between China and the neighboring countries which have already applied the TAC, were discussed. Then, based on the analysis and discussion, the main problems of applying the TAC and ITQ in Chinese fisheries management, and the probable steps of adopting them were probed.Finally, in the light of the reality of Chinese fisheries, some suggestions for the preparation of applying TAC and ITQ in Chinese fisheries were put forward.


7α,11α,22α,23α-Tetrabromo-5α-ergost-8-en-3β-yl acetate (1) has been aromatised to 22α,23α-dibromo-12-methyl-18-nor-5α-ergosta-8,11,13-trien-3β-yl acetate (2) in solution by using an acidic catalyst. Stepwise removal of the side-chain from 12-methyl-18-nor-5α-ergosta-8,11,13,22-tetraen-3β-yl acetate (5) afforded successively the C-22 aldehyde (6), the C-20 ketone (8), and 3β-hydroxy-12-methyl-18-nor-5α-androsta-8,11,13-trien-17-one (18). Associated derivatives are described; certain reaction mechanisms have been clarified.


This paper introduces a Web identity authentication mechanism on the basis of digital certificate, and taking an information management system of travel agency as an example,describes the design,workflow,and realization of the authentication mechanism. This mechanism can well distinguish whether Web users' true identity is in conformity with the identities who claim, and it is of high security and flexibility.


We demonstrate the feasibility of the time-delayed femtosecond CARS (fs-CARS) technique in a dense gas environment. The experiments were performed on N2 molecules between 0.2 and 5 bar pressure. The method provides several advantages compared with its wavenumber-resolved counterpart, e.g. the possible separation of the non-resonant contributions to the signal, and is more suitable when the isolated lines approximations collapse and complex line mixing and energy transfer models have to be implemented in the signal description. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical considerations based on collision-induced rotational energy transfer (RET) models such as the common energy-corrected sudden approximation (ECS). Moreover, it is shown that the structure of the time-delayed signals is very sensitive to the applied pressures. Therefore, fs-CARS is an ideal supplementary tool for investigations of collision-induced spectroscopic effects, which are decisive for temperature and concentration determination in combustion processes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A high-resolution pure $\mathrm{Cu} {K}^{h}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1,2}$ hypersatellite spectrum was measured by photoexcitation using synchrotron radiation. A shift ${E(K}^{h}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2})\ensuremath{-}E(K{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1})=281.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 \mathrm{eV}$ from the diagram lines, a splitting ${E(K}^{h}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1})\ensuremath{-}{E(K}^{h}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2})=23.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4 \mathrm{eV},$ and an intensity ratio ${R=I(K}^{h}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}{)/I(K}^{h}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2})=0.29\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ are found for the two lines of the spectrum. Full-spectrum fits based on ab initio Dirac-Fock calculations agree well with the measured spectrum, when QED corrections and Breit interaction are included. A slightly higher calculated R may indicate that the intermediate coupling is not fully accounted for. The intensity's evolution from threshold (measured to be at $18.351\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015 \mathrm{keV})$ shows an unexpectedly long saturation range extending up to $\ensuremath{\sim}30 \mathrm{keV}.$ The intensity evolution deviates from the Thomas model, which should be valid in the adiabatic, near-threshold regime. The implications of our results for the Z variation of the coupling, correlations, and atomic interactions across the $3d$ transition elements are discussed.


Cryptococcal meningitis (CM)‐associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is associated with high mortality, the epidemiology and pathophysiology of which is poorly understood, especially in non‐HIV populations.


The potential of piezoelectric biomaterials for bone tissue engineering is demonstrated. This work proves that the use of piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), able to provide electrical stimuli upon mechanical solicitation to the growing bone cells, enhances the bone regeneration in vivo. Poled and non-poled PVDF films, with and without macroscopic piezoelectric response, respectively and randomly oriented piezoelectric electrospun fiber mats have been used as substitutes for bone to test their osteogenic properties in Wistar rats by analyzing new bone formation in 3 mm bilateral femur defects in vivo. After 4 weeks, the qualification of the regenerated bone was performed according the H&E staining. Defect implanted with poled PVDF films demonstrated significantly more defect closure and bone remodeling, showing the large potential of piezoelectric biomaterials for bone repair, as well as for other electromechanical responsive tissues such as muscle and tendon.


The plan of microstrip Antenna with conservative size is recommended for remote correspondence. the microstrip recieving wire is a minimized variety of customary microstrip radio wire. The electromagnetically coupled feed from the lower layer is utilized to energize the proposed recieving wire. The full recurrence of the proposed recieving wire is lower than that of the customary microstrip recieving wire of same actual size. The addition of the recieving wire can be expanded by utilizing a parasitic component over the fundamental radiator and fixed with the spacer of ideal level. The reenactment investigation of different boundaries of the planned recieving wire is finished in Advance Design System electromagnetic EM test system.


The use of fertilizers and indiscriminate disposal of sewage has increased the nutrient concentration levels in open water bodies – rivers and lakes. This communication showcases a rapid test solution for the estimation total phosphorus and ammonia-nitrogen. These nutrients are of prime concern to eutrophication studies and dynamics.


for an Invited Paper for the MAR10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Intrinsic Local Distortions and charge carrier behavior in CMR manganites and cobaltites1 FRANK BRIDGES, UCSC We compare and contrast the local structure and electronic configurations in two oxide systems La1−xSrxCoO3 (LSCO) and La1−yCayMnO3 (LCMO). Although these oxides may appear quite similar they have rather different properties. At x=0, LaCoO3 (LCO) has unusual magnetic properties diamagnetic at low T but developing a moment near 100K. The Sr doped LSCO materials show ferromagnetism for x > 0.2. For LCO, one of the possible spin state configurations called the intermediate spin (IS) state (S=1), should be Jahn-Teller (JT) active, while the low spin (S=0) and high spin (S=2) states have no JT distortion. Early local structure measurements suggested a JT distortion was present in LCO and therefore supported an IS spin model. However we find no evidence for any significant JT distortion (and hence no support for the IS model) for a range of bulk and nanoparticle cobaltites La1−xSrxCoO3, x = 0 0.35. In contrast there are large JT distortions in the manganites LCMO, 0.2 < x < 0.5 (Mn-O bonds), for which CMR behavior is observed. We have shown that the JT distortions in the manganites depend on both temperature T and magnetic field B, and from the B-field dependence, propose the size and nature of the polarons in LCMO. We also present Co K-edge XANES data that shown no significant shift of the edge for the cobaltites as the Sr concentration increases from x =0 to 0.35 indicating essentially no change in the electronic configuration about Co; consequently, the holes introduced via Sr doping appear to go primarily into the O bands. In contrast there is a large shift of the Mn K-edge with Ca doping indicating a change in the average Mn valence, and a corresponding change in the Mn electronic configuration. We briefly discuss some possible models. 1Partially supported by NSF grant DMR0301971 and DOE grant DE-FG02-05ER46181.


Ultrasonic sensors have been installed within the upper roll of a steel strip cold rolling mill. Both longitudinal and shear polarised ultrasonic transduces were used. The sensors emit and receive ultrasonic pulses reflected from the roll strip upper and lower interfaces. By continuously recording the pulse reflection it was possible to determine in-situ the roll bite width for various rolling elongations; in this way widths of 8 to 13mm for elongations of 7 to 28% were measured. The roll-strip interface is in mixed regime lubrication consisting of both liquid and solid contact. Longitudinal ultrasound can be transmitted by both solid and liquid contact, whereas shear ultrasound can only be transmitted by asperity contact. A model of the two reflection mechanisms was used to extract the stiffness contribution from the liquid part alone and hence determine the oil film thickness. Whilst at present the method is approximate, and suffers from spatial resolution limitations, film thicknesses in the region 0.2 to 0.5 μm were recorded.


The automatic visual pursuit reflex described by Gatev has been investigated by a method used in everyday practice. It has been established that in normally born infants this reflex appears towards the middle of the third month and disappears towards the middle of the fourth month. There is a negative linear correlation between the child's birthweight and the ages of appearance and disappearance of the reflex: the lower the birthweight the later the appearance of the reflex, and vice versa. In children born in asphyxia the ieflex disappears later than in normal children. Normal values are given for the appearance and disappearance of the reflex, which may prove useful in establishing developmental retardation in the child's second trimester.


The framing of a health issue such as HIV transmission risk may directly impact public opinion, which plays a significant role in the formation of health policies. Brochures are an important piece of HIV treatment and prevention efforts, so it is essential to understand how HIV transmission is discussed within these commonly used educational materials. This study evaluated the framing of HIV transmission risk in 31 HIV-related health brochures gathered from county health departments in the Greater Kansas City Area. The frame analysis revealed two primary frames used to construct the larger category of HIV transmission risk: risk behaviors and "risk" groups. Further analysis revealed that the frames compete with one another to explain how HIV is transmitted. While the risk behaviors frame identifies behaviors such as injection drug use (IDU), drugs and alcohol, and unprotected sex as the culprits of HIV transmission, the risk groups frame points to specific populations, namely women, heterosexuals, African Americans and teenagers and young adults. Moreover, the frames provide contending views of who is at risk for HIV. The risk behaviors frame presents anyone who engages in "risky" behaviors as at risk for HIV/AIDS, while the


This paper outlines the roadmap and the preliminary results of an interactive systems aimed at providing interactive urban maps tailored to people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It aims at involving ASDs in the design process to produce personalized services that can support their daily movements and task management, improving their autonomy and sense of agency.


Background: In order to control the treatment of haemophilia patients, classical coagulation methods (APTT, FVIII (IX)) and global tests are used. One of the tests for a comprehensive coagulation assessment is thromboelastography (TEG), which can provide immediate results and reflect the hemostatic status of the patient during therapy. Some of the parameters obtained from the TEG can be compared with the coagulation tests since they describe similar processes of coagulation.
Purpose: To carry out a correlation analysis of TEG parameters with coagulation test parameters to determine the role of TEG in the control of prophylactic treatment and the development of inhibitors in patients with severe haemophilia A.
Materials and methods: 9 haemophilia A patients were treated with 45 ± 5 IU/kg of FVIII of body weight twice a week prophylactically an incremental recovery test (IR) at a dose of 60 ± 5 IU/kg body weight was performed. Prior to and after administration, TEG was performed and the PT, APTT, fibrinogen, FVIII, FVIII:Ag, vWF:Ag and the platelet count were measured. The possible dependencies of 10 TEG parameters (R, K, α-Angle, MA, TMA, SI, SP, G, LY30, TPI/c) and coagulation tests results were analyzed.
Results: Significant direct correlation of the R and SP on the PT and APTT was found (r > 0.71) prior to the administration of the FVIII concentrate. The negative average correlation between R and FVIII:Ag (r = ‑0.56) was established. The elongation of the PT and APTT and the decrease in the activity of FVIII:Ag causes a decrease in the total hemostatic potential of the SI in the direction of hypocoagulation (r = 0.75). Prior to administration of the calculated dose, the concentration of MA, TMA and α-Angel inclination strongly and directly depends on the level of vWF:Ag and platelet count (in all cases r > 0.7). After administration of the FVIII concentrate in haemophilia A patients, a significant positive correlation between the response time R and the APTT (r = 0.64) was found. The growth of the CІ coagulation index is associated with an increase in the level of FVIII: Ag (r = 0.75) and a shortening of the APTT (r = -0.76). Other dependencies between TEG parameters and hemostatic tests have not been established.
Conclusion: Correlation of TEG parameters and results of traditional coagulation tests characterized similar processes of coagulation and was revealed in haemophilia A patients on prophylactic treatment. For R, SI, SP depending on the values of the PT, APTT, FVIII: Ag, the end point is coagulation. MA, TMA, α-Angel depend on the level of vWF: Ag and platelet count which reflects the initiation of haemostasis and the strength of clot. TEG fully reflects the changes in hemostasis, so thromboelastography can be successfully applied to control the treatment and the development of FVIII (IX) inhibitors in hemophilia patients.


3. "We note that the risk of low birth weight and spontaneous abortion increases with increasing maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy. However, a threshold level of caffeine intake, above which maternal caffeine intake presents a risk to pregnancy, cannot be determined. Different studies assume different caffeine contents of beverages and this leads to some variation in the levels of caffeine intake associated with adverse effects on reproduction in different studies. We consider it prudent to assume that caffeine intakes above 300 mg/day show a plausible association with low birth weight and spontaneous abortion, given the available evidence from studies in experimental animals and epidemiological studies. However, on the basis of the available evidence, it is not possible to define this association as causal. We note that 300 mg/day caffeine is equivalent to four cups of instant coffee or about six cups of tea, assuming average caffeine contents.


The N-(3-quinazolinio)amidates Ib [3], when irradiated in the presence of primary or secondary amines, furnished the corresponding 4-aminoquin azolines (3) in excellent yields [4].**** Recently we became interested in the thermal reactions of the type I compounds with amines.


Ian May finds this to be a useful book for undergraduate students in certain respects – its key points, conceptual questions and clear layout in particular – but feels it is let down by a lack of rigour.


foreward, library "resources expended on investment and business tools and services astronomically exceed what is devoted to similar materials and outreach to workers, labor union members, and poor folks" (p. xii). He opines that libraries are not neutral, but rather "distinctly biased toward property, wealth, bigness, mainstream 'culture,' and established authority" (p. xi). Only occasionally will the profession be graced by talented authorities like Berman or the late Elfreda Chatman (who studied the diffusion of information among retired women and the working poor) who remind us that the information poor remain the information poor and that, where race, class, and cultural diversity are concerned, librarianship remains a one-dimensional profession.


Objective In order to know mumps epidemiological characteristics in China from 2008 to 2009,and to provide basis on mumps control in China(not include Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,Macao Special Administrative Region,and Taiwan Sheng).Methods Analyzing mumps epidemiology with descriptive epidemiology.Results The reported mumps incidence rate of China was 23.52/100,000 in 2008,22.54/100,000 in 2009,and the case number decreased from 310,826 in 2008 to 299,329 in 2009.The mumps incidence was reported in whole China.The proportions of mumps cases aged 15 years old were 84.81%、85.05%,which showed the most proportion.In 2008,8-9 years old had got the highest incidence about 236.66/100,000,and in 2009,5-6 years old had got the highest incidence about 184.83/100,000.Mumps presented obviously two peak times:April to July,November to January.Conclusions Mumps incidence in dropped a little in 2009 than in 2008,but it was still much higher.Most cases were school age population.National policy and strategies should be constituted in order to control and prevent mumps.


24 year old lady who was diagnosed with chronic kidney disease stage 5 in 2016 underwent a pre-emptive live related renal transplant in the same year. She had kidney allograft dysfunction and eventually lost the transplant kidney in 2019 requiring hemodialysis. She underwent a deceased donor renal transplant in February 2022. She developed allograft dysfunction with a creatinine of 2.5 mg/dl in October 2022, and a renal allograft biopsy subsequently showed Thrombotic microangiopathy , arteriolar form . There were no features of rejection in the biopsy and Donor specific antibody done by Luminex lysate method was negative. Her Single antigen bead done subsequently was also negative. CMV DNA PCR was not detectable. Tacrolimus was switched to Cyclosporine, however her allograft function continued to worsen. Complement mutation analysis was negative and acquired complement defects were also not detected. Subsequently, Single antigen bead for non HLA antibodies showed positivity for MICA antibodies. She underwent 7 sessions of plasmapheresis and her renal functions did not improve and her creatinine continued to increase to 4.2 mg/dl. Complement activating assay for these MICA antibodies was positive. She was treated with two doses of 300 mg Eculizumab in December 2022, her allograft functions in February 2023 have improved to 2 mg/dl. This case highlights the extensive evaluation for post transplant TMA, the use of non HLA antibody assays and complement activating assays of these antibodies to decide on appropriate use of Eculizumab for salvaging transplant allograft.


The application of the artificial neural network (ANN) model in chemical industries has grown due to its ability to solve complex model and online application problems. Typically, the ANN model is good at predicting data within the training range but is limited when predicting extrapolated data. Thus, in this paper, selected optimum multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and multiple-input single-output (MISO) models are used to predict the bottom (xb) compositions of extrapolated data. The MIMO and MISO models both managed to predict the extrapolated data with MSE values of 0.0078 and 0.0063 and with R values of 0.9986 and 0.9975, respectively.


The wear process in disc brakes is quite complex due to the high number of components, which build up the brake pads. Continuous brake tests were performed pressing specimens made out of simplified brake pad material against steel discs, varying pressure and sliding velocity. The surfaces of the brake pads and of the steel discs were investigated using optical interferometry microscopy, which creates 3D data sets of the surfaces. Many images were composed leading to image areas of several millimeters edge length at high resolution. The groove structure which is generated during the experiments is removed digitally. Contact areas and debris areas were found to show characteristic features such as height and size distribution of the contact patches. The results of the surface analyses are used to calibrate a model, which can describe the variation of the friction coefficient during wear experiments [1, 2].


With World War II breaking out, David, twelve-year-old hero of John Connolly's Book of Lost Things (2006), is failing to come to terms with his mother's death and his father's swift remarriage. Lured into the world of his whispering books, he journeys deep into the unheimlich, as familiar and beloved fairy tales turn macabre and reveal the hidden. In Robert Westall's Gulf(1993), twelve-year-old Andy journeys telepathically into the consciousness of Latif, a boy caught in the midst of the Gulf War. Transmitting back the brutal realities of war, Andy's journeys disrupt his domestic life; the external world pierces the anodyne fabric created by sanitised newscasts, turning home unhomely for him and his family. Following Joseph Campbell's assertion that every story relates the hero's journey, this paper analyses the psychological journey of David through the lens of Freud's theory of the unheimlich, in which the deeply familiar turns incongruous or uncanny, as that which is hidden or repressed comes to light. It then proceeds to examine Andy's journey, employing Homi Bhabha's extension of Freud's unheimlich in his concept of the "unhomely", which Bhabha defines not as the state of being homeless, but as the sense of dislocation that arises when the boundaries between outside world and domestic home crumble. This paper aims to support Roberta Seelinger Trites' claim that the unheimlich is a crucially motivating factor in children's literature by examining the unheimlich in the journey motif.


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method of producing optical fibers by drawing. Proposed method comprises drawing optical fiber from billet along first path in contact with area of liquid damping means of hydrodynamic bearing. Then fiber is redirected along second path as fiber is drawn along said area of liquid damping means of hydrodynamic bearing. EFFECT: simplified design. 12 cl, 1 ex, 8 dwg


The authors recently proposed a variational principle and derived general nonlinear dynamical equations for coupled motions of domains and walls in inductive recording heads. In this report, the yoke region of the core is modeled with a set of parallel 180 degrees walls and domains. Boundary conditions simulate connections to the pole-tip and back gap. To calculate the small-amplitude dynamics, the author Fourier-transforms the motion equations in time and one of the spatial dimensions. Since integration is carried out in advance with respect to the other spatial dimension, the set of linear equations that the computer needs to solve has only one index. This method is inherently more correct and, in the present linear application, more efficient than its predecessors. Illustrative solutions for an input pulse simulating the reading of an ideal transition show how the flux channel broadens with increasing pulsewidth, generally supporting previous conclusions. >


In the development of a high-precision vertical Fizeau interferometer with 300-mm aperture, uncertainty evaluation is a significant method to assess the accuracy of interferometer. In this paper, we reported an uncertainty evaluation method. Then, the uncertainty evaluation of a 300-mm-aperture vertical Fizeau interferometer was carried out based on the method. The uncertainties of interference cavity measurement and absolute testing (e.g., three-flat method) were used as indicators of uncertainty evaluation. In addition, the gravity-induced deformation of three-flat method can be compensated accurately by finite element method modeling. Finally, we obtained the uncertainties of interference cavity measurement and three-flat method. With 300-mm aperture, the expanded uncertainty of interference cavity measurement is 3.7×10-3 λ, and the expanded uncertainty of three-flat method is 1.47×10-2 λ.


Objective To assess the correlation of total lymphocyte count (TLC) to CD_4 count in HIV-infected patients in order to determine a range of TLC cutoffs for opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis and initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Method A retrospective study evaluating the correlation between CD_4 count and TLC in 226 individuals including inpatients and outpatients was performed. Positive predictive value (PPV),sensitivity and specificity of various TLC cutoffs were calculated for CD_4 count 200/mm 3 and 350/mm 3. Correlation and statistical indices are computed for all patients. Result A medium degree of correlation was noted between 330-paired CD_4 and TLC counts (r=0.528,p 0.01). TLC 1400/mm 3 had a 70.11% PPV and was 72.61% sensitive,88.64% specific for CD_4 200/mm 3. TLC 1900/mm 3 had a 80.97% PPV and was 70.92% sensitive,74.54% specific for CD_4350/mm 3. Conclusion TLC could serve as a low-cost tool for determining both a patient's risk of OIs and when to initiate HAART in resource-constrained settings. PPV,sensitivity and specificity maximally aggregated at TLC 1400/mm 3 for CD_4200/mm 3 and TLC 1900/mm 3 for CD_4350/mm 3.


VC–VB particles reinforced Fe-based composite coatings with different molybdenum contents were in-situ fabricated by laser cladding. The microstructure and properties of the coatings were systematically investigated by means of micro hardness tester, XRD, SEM, EDS, ring-block wear testing machine and box-type resistance furnace. The results showed that both hardness and wear resistance of the coatings were greatly improved. When the content of Mo exceeds 3%, anti-oxidation of the coating decreased. Through analysing of the oxidation kinetics curves at different temperatures of the samples, it can be found that the coating with 2.5% Mo has the preferable oxidation resistance at 600°C, and its antioxidant property is five times of the coating without Mo, two times of the substrate.


Given the recent changes in patient demographics and management of disease within the UK, primary health care and community-based medicine are areas in which medical students should gain exposure during their education. The involvement of medical students within general practice settings early in their medical education may be influential in their future career path decisions. Data from the Royal College of General Practitioners show great shortages of general practitioners (GPs) across the UK. Positive learning experiences by medical students during general practice attachments may help to reduce these. Firstly, there is opportunity within this setting to educate both the medical student and the patient about disease and its effective management. The presence of a medical student during a general practice consultation can be advantageous in that it may enhance learning, improve the quality of care and increase the involvement of the patient.


Alluvial deposits in the Tokushima Plain in the study area are composed mainly of unconsolidated mud, sand and gravel, and show a considerable change of the lithofacies horizontally and vertically. The Alluvium can be divided into the Upper Mud (UM), the Upper Sand (US), the Middle Mud (MM), the Lower Sand (LS), and the Basal Gravel (BG) in descending order.The writers identified two volcanic ash layers in the Alluvial deposits with Akahoya Ash (6, 400y. B. P.) and Aira Tn Ash (21, 000y. B. P.), respectively, by an EPMA analysis from close resemblance of the chemical compositions of volcanic glasses.The formative process of the Alluvial deposits was discussed based upon the boring data, core samples, molluscan shells and their 14C-data.