Let D ⊂ R n be a bounded domain with a Lipschitz boundary, let 1 < p < 2n n 2 , and let φ minimize the ratio k∇ukL2/kukLp. We prove a reverse-Holder inequality, finding a lower bound for kφkLp 1 in terms of kφkLp, in which equality holds if and only if D is a ball. This result generalizes an inequality due to Payne and Rayner (6, 7) regarding eigenfunctions of the Laplacian.


"Liyarn Ngarn", in the Yawuru language of the West Kimberly region around Broome, means "Coming Together of the Spirit". Liyarn Ngarn represents a thirty year long mission of Indigenous leader and Yawura man, Patrick Dodson, to bring about a lasting and true reconciliation between the original owners and the immigrants.

Liyarn Ngarn is a compelling documentary that tells of the devastation and inhumanity bought upon Indigenous people in every aspect of their daily lives. Personal stories of injustice are recounted by renowned English actor Pete Postlethwaite, as told to him by Patrick Dodson and Bill Johnson, an old English school friend, whose Indigenous son Louis died tragically.

Respected songman, Archie Roach, adds his powerful lyrics and voice to this often painful, yet inspiring, journey of strength.

Liyarn Ngarn aims to change peoples' perception and attitude to Indigenous people and to assist with the process of true and lasting reconciliation. It is also offers some kind of meaningful epitaph to the Indigenous lives lost through sheer inhumanity.


HIV/AIDS data in West Bandung Regency until July 2019 showed that there were 379 cases of HIV / AIDS with 56 new cases. As many as 53% of them are caused by free sexual behavior, 33% are found in the homosexual community and become the second highest after heterosexuals. The three zero program needs to be supported by innovative and ongoing efforts through increasing knowledge in adolescents using counseling to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS infection early on. 1000 Millennial Youth Care Concerns PLWHA (GERSERHA) Movement is expected to increase adolescent knowledge about Reproductive Health and HIV / AIDS so as to prevent free sex and prevent HIV/AIDS. Activities carried out in the form of counseling using various media. The test is carried out before and after the activity which is one form of evaluation of this activity. Knowledge test results showed a significant increase from the average pre-test results of 63.8 and post-test 89.4. This shows that counseling activities are effective in increasing students' knowledge about reproductive health and HIV / AIDS (p <0.005).


This study is aimed to determine the toxicity of Xanthium strumarium L. (cocklebur) or its seeds to human or an animal. Cocklebur, potentially toxic plants is found abundantly in meadows and pastures. One of the most significant ingredients that causes toxicity is atractyloside (ATR). In this study, the concentration of ATR in cocklebur seeds was determined as 4 mg/g seed. The study involved 54 rats which were divided into a total of 9 groups including one control group. A single dose of cocklebur seed extract was provided by gavage after being concentrated by 2 ml for each animal (80 mg ATR/kg) except for those in the control group, and time-dependent hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, hematological and biochemical effects were analyzed. No histopathological change was detected in the liver and kidney tissues of the rats in the experimental groups. Both hematological and serum biochemical values (Ca, P, TBIL, ALT, AST, ALP, Urea, and Creatinine) were within the physiological limits in all groups. Consequently, in light of the obtained data, it was observed that the rats were not exposed to any toxic effect even when they consumed a stomach full of cocklebur fruit at once.


Levetiracetam may be more effective than phenobarbital in the treatment of non-syndromic epilepsy in infants, according to an observational study of infants being treated in 17 pediatric epilepsy centers in the United States. The findings were published in the April issue of JAMA Pediatrics. Infants treated with levetiracetam were free from failure from monotherapy at six months significantly more often than infants treated with phenobarbital — 40.2 percent versus 15.8 percent — reported Anne T. Berg, PhD, research


The algorithm of triangular element SFS combines a triangular element surface model with a linearized reflectance map.The main idea is to approximate a smooth surface by the union of triangular surface patches called triangular elements and express the approximating surface as a linear combination of a set of nodal basis functions.In this paper,the proposed improvement of this algorithm enhances the accuracy of SFS and speeds up the convergence of the iteration.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships that influence the value co-creation process and lead to consumer comfort with artificial intelligence (AI) and mobile banking (AIMB) service platforms.

Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual model was developed to investigate the value-in-use perceptions of AI-based mobile banking applications via five antecedents: baseline perceptions of current bank service delivery; service delivery configuration benefits; general data security; safety perceptions of specific mobile banking services; and perceptions of AI service delivery. Data were collected from 218 respondents and analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings
This study highlights the role and importance of the sequential relationships that impact the assessment of AIMB. The findings suggest that service delivery and the customer's role in value co-creation change as AI is introduced into a digital self-service technology channel. Furthermore, AIMB offers transaction-oriented (utilitarian) value propositions more so than relationship-oriented (hedonic) value propositions.

Research limitations/implications
The sample consisted on digital natives. Additional age cohorts are needed.

Practical implications
As financial institutions redirect their business models toward digital self-service technology channels, the need for customers to feel comfortable while interacting with an AI agent will be critical for enhancing the customer experience and firm performance.

Originality/value
The authors extend the service-dominant logic (SDL) literature by showing that value co-creation is a function of both firms' technologies and consumers' value-in-use, a finding that appears to be unique in the literature. The authors advance the digital transformation literature by evaluating AIMB as an interactive process that requires an understanding of key technology constructs, including perceptions of baseline service relationships, desired service configurations, security and safety issues and whether AI is useful for value co-creation. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first SDL framework that investigates interactive and structural relationships to explain value-in-use perceptions of AIMB.


At least 25 quilombos remnants are supposed to exist in the Vale do Ribeira region, located in the southern part of Sao Paulo State. Thirteen of those quilombo remnants have already been identified and officially recognized. In order to understand the structure and history of the foundation of these quilombo remnants, we studied male individuals belonging to six populations: Abobral Left Margin (48 individuals), Galvao (22), Sao Pedro (22), Pedro Cubas (60), Piloes (15) and Maria Rosa (9), in addition to 81 individuals sampled from the city of Sao Paulo, for four Y chromosome polymorphic loci: two microsatellite loci (DYS19 and DYS390), one SNP (DYS199) and one Alu insertion (YAP). The genotypes were identified by DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. A fifth locus was also analysed, by a different SNP (M168), but only in a few individuals. In this analysis DNA direct sequencing was employed. The allelic frequencies in the locus DYS19 indicated significant male Portuguese contribution in the quilombos. The Amerindian specific allele (T) of the DYS199 locus indicated little or no contribution from Amerindian males, except the population of Pedro Cubas. The Alu insertion (YAP or DYS287), frequent in Africans, is a good indicator of African ancestry, although not all Africans show it. Thus, the analysis of the M168 locus helped to determine the origin of Y chromosomes. These markers indicated a range from 11 to 55% of probable African contribution in the quilombos. Only in Pedro Cubas the frequency of African Y chromosomes was higher than the one European Y chromosomes. In Abobral, the frequency of African Y chromosomes was approximately 40%, being the most African of the quilombo populations, when Y chromosomes are considered. The total haplotype diversity in the quilombos was similar to the one observed for the sample from Sao Paulo, probably due to the diversity of African populatons that originated the quilombos, or the admixture with other


This paper proposes a new speculative multithreading execution model which is suitable for object-oriented programs. Using this model, sequential object oriented programs are partitioned into multiple speculative object threads according to their structure and semantics by cooperated compiler and runtime system. Object threads as the basic units of parallel target code are mapped onto thread units of target machine dynamically. However, synchronous message passing between objects in source program prevents object threads in target code from execution in parallel at its synchronous points. By speculating the execution of message passing in object-oriented programs, we can convert synchronous message passing into speculative asynchronous message passing, then we can not only decrease the synchronization overhead in runtime but also exploit more parallelism for such programs. The runtime system verifies speculative asynchronous message passing by comparing it with non-speculative synchronous message passing in order to keep the parallel execution predicable and deterministic. This model is implemented as a prototype system Rope for evaluation. Experiments with Java version of Olden benchmark suite show that this model takes a good accelerating effect for object-oriented programs.


High C/N ratio in decomposed wheat straw results in the immobilization of nitrate nitrogen from an ordinary chernozem. A decrease in N-NO 3 content exerts an adverse effect on crop productivity. Long-term straw application rises the content of nutrients and humus in the soil. In a cereal-row crop rotation, an increase in grain productivity reaches 0.31-0.5 t/ha for winter rye and 0.23-0.52 t/ha for spring wheat. Sanitation of the soil from root rot pathogens by applied straw also favors a rise in grain yield.


The characterization of materials, stress and fatigue state monitoring based on the acoustoelastic principle are gaining widespread attention in recent years, mainly due to their advantages such as high sensitivity and non-destructive character. This article presents the application of a non-destructive acoustic method to test the degree of degradation of materials with which the heating boiler is coated. The combustion chamber is covered in materials when the temperature of the process itself increases, and has a very positive effect on fuel combustion. Unfortunately, with the passage of time, such materials undergo gradation. This article describes an innovative measuring system that has been successfully applied to monitor changes in resonance frequency under uniaxial compression in refractory grade material, which by definition is characterized by a high level of heterogeneity with a network of pre-existing cracks. The paper indicates that both stress and elasticity coefficients have an impact on the vibration frequency of the measuring system. Initial research was conducted to qualitatively determine the influence of these parameters on the measured frequency of the system.


Surface engineering of carbon materials induces structural modulation with appealing functionalities for versatile applications. However, practical deployment demands simplified modification steps and time-saving operations. Microwave technology can produce a strong instant magnetic-heating effect, avoiding the presence of a temperature gradient to cause nanoparticle agglomeration and multiple synthesis stages. Herein, we propose a rapid Joule carbothermal synthesis of a 3D flexible carbon cloth with ultrasmall metal oxide nanoparticles (MOx@CC) upon microwave irradiation within several minutes. Owing to the extensive selection of metal precursors, this approach can be applied to achieve a variety of active metal oxide nanoparticles decorated on carbon cloth. Furthermore, the modified carbon cloth can serve as a lithiophilic framework to efficiently homogenize Li+ flux and mitigate the dendrite formation. Ascribed to these merits, a prototype of the prelithiation MOx@CC anode paired with the LiFePO4 cathode exhibits satisfactory performance upon repetitive cycling, highlighting the possibility for a safe battery system.


In recent years, graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved encouraging performance in the processing of graph data generated in non-Euclidean space. GNNs learn node features by aggregating and combining neighbor information, which is applied to many graphics tasks. However, the complex deep learning structure is still regarded as a black box, which is difficult to obtain the full trust of human beings. Due to the lack of interpretability, the application of graph neural network is greatly limited. Therefore, we propose an interpretable method, called GANExplainer, to explain GNNs at the model level. Our method can implicitly generate the characteristic subgraph of the graph without relying on specific input examples as the interpretation of the model to the data. GANExplainer relies on the framework of generative-adversarial method to train the generator and discriminator at the same time. More importantly, when constructing the discriminator, the corresponding graph rules are added to ensure the effectiveness of the generated characteristic subgraph. We carried out experiments on synthetic dataset and chemical molecules dataset and verified the effect of our method on model level interpreter from three aspects: accuracy, fidelity and sparsity.


We use confocal microscopy to study the three-dimensional (3D) structure of colloidal crystals formed by poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-(acrylic acid) microgels of diameter 1.0-1.5 μm. The confocal images are tracked to locate particle positions in 3D, which are used to compute pair-correlation functions g(r), bond order parameters, and structure factors s(q). We find that the structure remains fcc for a range of charge, size, and concentration of the particles. When the particles are weakly attractive and are at low concentrations, polycrystalline solids result. In addition, owing to the compressibility of the colloids, the crystals display remarkable structural stability when subjected to external stress.


Aluminum silicate nanoparticles were prepared from aluminum-bearing waste liquids by controlling reaction conditions with addition of the surfactants as modifiers.The properties of the product were studied with chemical analysis,SEM,specific surface area measurement,spectrophotometric method,etc.The result showed that addition mode is a key influential factor for the performances of the product.When the waste liquid was added to the water glass,and the aging pH value of the solution was adjusted to 4.5,the product could reach up to the current enterprise standard of China,and the size distribution of particles became homogenous.Aggregation of the particles was effectively prohibited by adding polyethylene glycol and Tween-80 through steric stabilization function.But Tween-80 was more effective,and the suitable adding amount was around 0.9%(in mass percentage of the dry sample finally).The mean diameter of the products was about 40~50 nm,and the specific surface area was about 330 m2/g.


We explore the design opportunities presented by situating large interactive displays outside of the workplace, within shared and sociable spaces such as common areas at universities and conferences, cafes, and hotel foyers. We seek to provide a better understanding of this design space by charting the iterative design of an interactive large display system called Dynamo.Dynamo has been designed to enable the sharing and exchange of a wide variety of digital media. We report on how the interaction metaphors were designed and refined upon in-lab and in-situ studies. We also study how an existing community uses this technology within their own established setting. Qualitative and quantitative analysis shows that the system was used extensively in a variety of ways, including sharing of photos, video clips, and websites, and for facilitating social interaction and collaboration. We conclude with recommendations for designing large display systems for shared and social spaces.


Postpartum depression is a mental disorder which affects most of the adult women with major depressive symptoms. Increased thyroid profile levels and postpartum depression symptoms can effect on mother's and child's health. The aim of this study is to test whether there is arelationship between thyroid profile levels and postpartum depression.The design of this study is Correlational observational.A total of 200 patients having either one or two children with previous normal vaginal deliveries, attending the Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OBG) outpatient department between 30 to36 weeks were screened and 28 subjects selected for the study after satisfying inclusion criteria from the University Hospital. A written consent was taken from all the subjects before recruitment. The demographic data of all subjects such as age, period of gestation (POG), hemoglobin, thyroid profile and vitals were recorded at the time of recruitment. The Thyroid profile was checked at the time of recruitment byRadio Immuno Assay (RIA) kit and postpartum depression assessed by Edinburg postnatal depression scales (EPDS).T4 levels and EPDS scores are weak positively correlated and is statistically significant at p<0.05. The correlation btween T3 stimulating Hormone (TSH) with EPDS scores was weak negatively correlated and are not statistically significant at p<0.05.From the results we conclude that this study found that Thyroid dysfunction has a positive correlation with postpartum depression. Thus, thyroid screening during pregnancy may be useful to find out the association between thyroid levels and Postpartum depression. Keywords: Personal depression scale, Postpartum depression, Pregnancy, Thyroid.


Current inspection methods for complex shapes and contours exemplified by aircraft engine turbine blades are expensive, time-consuming and labor intensive. The logistics support of new manufacturing paradigms such as integrated product-process development (IPPD) for current and future engine technology development necessitates high speed, automated inspection of forged and cast jet engine blades, combined with a capability of retaining and retrieving metrology data for process improvements upstream (designer-level) and downstream (end-user facilities) at commercial and military installations. The paper presents the opportunities emerging from a feasibility study conducted using 3-D holographic laser radar in blade inspection. Requisite developments in computing technologies for systems integration of blade inspection in production are also discussed.


In this paper,based on the investigations of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations in Weichang county,Hebei province,the importance of pre-schedule felling of the plantations for forestry development and ecological construction is discussed from the viewpoint of stand-age structure,economic benefit,tree species and site condition,non-public ownership forestry.


We present novel orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes from a 2x1 coherently coupled VCSEL array. An 8-phase spiral phase plate is used on both elements to generate coupled OAM modes. Far-field mode profiles calculated using Huygens principle are distinctly different for independent versus coherent operation.


Abstract. We present a crucial step in converting a commercial telecommunication antenna system into a radio astronomy telescope. This step involved the development of a newly installed and simple control system to manage the telescope movement with relatively good pointing accuracy. The control system was designed using a programmable logic controller (PLC) that is robust and affordable. Based on the performance testing, this control system achieved average accuracies of 0.95 and 1.083 arcmin in azimuth and elevation positioning respectively, and an RMS of 9 arcmin across the open sky. In addition, it reached average rotation speeds of about 5.4, 2.4, and 4.8 arcmin/s for azimuth, elevation, and tracking rate, respectively. The results also showed that the converted radio telescope has an acceptable tracking accuracy of errors below 10% of the antenna half-power bandwidth at a frequency of 1.4 GHz while generating movement speed suitable for basic radio astronomy observations. These results show that this converted small radio telescope has the basic requirements for tracking and imaging celestial radio objects, primarily via interferometry with larger radio telescopes at low observation frequencies.


Summary Neoalsomitra clavigera (Wall) Hutch. (Cucurbitaceae) is a woody climber plant found in south-east Asia including north-east India and its ripe fruits are used traditionally in India for stomachache, peptic ulcer and diarrhea. In present study, the aqueous extract from the ripe fruits of Neoalsomitra clavigera was evaluated for its protective effects on gastric mucosal lesion in Wistar albino rats against acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), ethanol and water immersion restraint stress induced gastric mucosal damage. In each model the cold maceration aqueous fruit extract was employed at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, p.o along with the standard drug ranitidine hydrochloride at a dose of 35 mg/kg, p.o. The extract exhibited significant reduction of gastric mucosal lesions in chemical (ASA, and ethanol) as well as in stress-induced model.


Fungal infection of P. monodon larvae is a problem in hatchery operations. The fungus, which attacks the nauplius to postlarval stages and causes up to 100% mortality, has been tentatively identified as belonging to the genus Lagenidium . This pathogenic organism has recently been isolated and cultured. A description is given of the fungus, and features of its biology and pathology are discussed.


Revolutionary advances in computer vision and deep learning have dramatically expanded our opportunities to decipher the merits of images in the business world. Though prior research on computer vi...


This article conducts two investigations — searching historical documents and testing the conclusions drawn with an econometric model of policy adoption—into why federal and state governments began offering senior income tax breaks. Such tax breaks began by accident but their existence justified additional breaks. The two main breaks—the aged and the "pension" income exemptions—evolved under different, unrelated processes. The federal government initiated the aged exemption in part to address the high post-war cost of living, and the states followed. Conversely, pension exemptions were initiated by the states, did not become common until the 1970s, and have evolved into weapons of state policy competition.


The inspection system comprising a plurality of application models to increase the effectiveness of the model of each type have been disclosed. In one embodiment, the printed circuit board includes an image model, the structural model and geometric model to inspect objects. Image model is first applied to the object to be examined to identify similar objects. After the image model is applied, the structural model is applied to determine whether or not the object in the image that has the same structure exists, is adapted to determine whether haetneun the image model found the part in the image. Finally, the use of approximate position data provided by the two models prior to accurately determine the position of the object, the geometric model is applied is examined. It has also been also disclosed techniques for recognizing and updating a plurality of models. Inspection systems, image models, objects, printed circuit boards, data


Objective:To establish an RP-HPLC method for the allantoin in corn silk,which determined the quantity of allantoin.Methods:The chromatographic conditions included Diamonsil~(TM) C_(18) column(150 mm×4.6 mm) and the mobile phase consisted of chloroform-methanol-water(0.012∶0.5∶100).The detection wavelength was at 224 nm.Results:allantoin showed a good linear relationship at the range of 0.108~0.972 μg,r=0.999 9.The average recovery rate was(97.5)% and RSD was 1.62%.Conclusion:The methods are accurate and quick,and can be used for the quality control of allantoin in Corn silk.


This exceptional volume examines the interaction between authentic spiritual understanding and psychology by exploring the qualities of non-dualism as a concept in listening - both to ourselves and to others. "Listening From the Heart of Silence" attempts to show that only when we can fully recognize the non-dualist wisdom found in many of the world's spiritual traditions, can we truly begin to live life with absolute love, honesty, spontaneity, and power. It then goes on to show how these types of spiritual traditions can also be found in the specialized relationships between therapists and their patients - allowing readers to gain an insight into the complex but important interface between spiritual understanding and psychology.


Error properties of a generic two-degree of freedom control system is investigated. It is shown that there is a considerable difference between inverse stable and inverse unstable processes. New direct relationships are introduced for identification and optimization errors. For inverse unstable case these errors consist of systematic and random parts. The new results help to construct new algorithms for simultaneous robust identification and control


The author studies the divorce patterns of female marriage cohorts 1950-1975 and considers the impact of age at marriage. Both annual and cumulative divorce rates are presented. The role of children in the divorce pattern is briefly considered. The 1981 divorce rate in Finland is compared with those of some other European countries. (ANNOTATION)


Measurements of the electrical resistivity and the specific heat reveal anomalies in pure cobalt and FCC cobalt alloys, similar to the observed anomalies in FCC iron alloys. The correspondence between the anomalies in FCC iron alloys is demonstrated for pure cobalt in a quantitative manner. Thus the existence of thermally excited localised electronic states is not restricted to FCC iron alloys.


Abstract: Ten juvenile Fraxinus excelsior half-sib families from two Lithuanian populations have been tested in the controlled environment for their response to ash dieback disease caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, detecting changes of genetic variation and heritability, as well as estimating genotype by environment (G×E) interaction and phenotypic plasticity following artificial spring frost and summer drought treatments. In 2014, a batch of 200 four-year-old ash seedlings was used for each treatment and control (no treatment). Health condition, bud flushing phenology and height were assessed for each seedling, and disease incidence and survival ratios were assessed for each family both before (at the beginning of the vegetation season) and after the treatments (at the end of the vegetation season). Disease incidence ratio increased from 0.77-0.80 up to 0.90-0.95. Tree mortality rates during one vegetation season were significantly lower in the frost treatment (21%) than in the drought treatment (25%) or control (31%). None of the tested F. excelsior families were completely resistant to ash dieback, although significant among-family differences in disease incidence and damage rates suggest an additive mode of gene action and thus a quantitative resistance to the disease. Neither disease incidence rates, nor tree health condition scores differed significantly among the applied treatments (including control) indicating in general a negligible effect of the simulated adverse conditions on health status of the ash seedlings. However, G×E interaction was found to be significant (at P > 0.05) for disease incidence, length of necrotic shoots and tree survival, implying that susceptibility of ash families to the dieback disease unequally depends on environmental conditions, and indicating a presence of genetic variation in plasticity and reaction norms of the tested families across environments (treatments). Substantially increased coefficients of additive genetic variation and heritability in health condition following both frost and drought treatments and compared to control showed that simulated stress conditions may noticeably contribute to expression of differences among the tested F. excelsior families in their resistance traits, thus enabling a better evaluation of performance of different families, an effective family selection for resistance, and achievement of a marked genetic gain.


Using extensive databases and known algorithms to predict short-term energy consumption comprises most computational solutions based on artificial intelligence today. State-of-the-art approaches validate their prediction models in offline environments that disregard automation, quality monitoring, and retraining challenges present in online scenarios. The existing demand response initiatives lack personalization, thus not engaging consumers. Obtaining specific and valuable recommendations is difficult for most digital platforms due to their solution pattern: extensive database, specialized algorithms, and using profiles with similar aspects. The challenges and present personalization tactics have been researched by adopting a digital twin model. This study creates a different approach by adding structural topology to build a new category of recommendation platform using the digital twin model with real-time data collected by IoT sensors to improve machine learning methods. A residential study case with 31 IoT smart meter and smart plug devices with 19-month data (measurements performed each second) validated Digital Twin MLOps architecture for personalized demand response suggestions based on online short-term energy consumption prediction.


Abstract : Results are presented for the effects on EM wave dispersion due to longitudinal and tranverse plasma distributions. Generally, the effects on plane wave propagation are a decreased dispersion due to longitudinal plasma distributions and an increased dispersion due to transverse plasma distributions. Some results are presented for a simple phenomenological model o plasma conductivity. (Author)


According to the NSDD and ESDD data of natural environment in the Pearl River Delta Region, the different law between NSDD and ESDD is studied. With the Measured Value analysis, the Correlation analysis and the analysis of Ratio between NSDD and ESDD, the laws of NSDD and ESDD are basically same in the natural environment. Sometimes, the laws of NSDD and ESDD are different. It appears different laws with the changing of seasons and the difference surfaces of insulator.


Predicted growth in air traffic and demand for increased safety, predictability, and efficiency impose additional demands on Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems. Different technologies are currently under development to address these demands. However, one area continues to leave significant room for improvement: productivity in the control room. This paper proposes improvement of control room productivity by applying productivity improvement methods and techniques and validating them in the context of a tower control room. We describe our approach, the challenges it poses, and our plans for validation. We believe that this approach could be useful for improving different ATM processes and could provide useful input for the development of automated tools used in control


We study the isothermal, autocatalytic, chemical reaction scheme A + nB → (n + 1)B, where n ≥ 1. The propagating reaction-diffusion waves that may develop from a local initial input of the autocatalyst, B, are considered. We allow the mobility of the reactant, A, and autocatalyst, B, to be enhanced by the application of an external electric field, measured by the parameter, c. We find that when c = 0, the propagation of permanent form travelling waves away from the inital reaction zone is symmetric, but when c > 0 symmetry is broken and the propagation waves to the left and right differ in nature. Moreover, for c sufficiently large, the left propagating wave is completely extinguished.


The objective of the present study is to develop a better understanding of machining performance of TiAlN coated tools during face milling of AISI 1045 medium carbon steel. The influences of three different cutting conditions (roughing, finishing, and aggressive conditions) were investigated on cutting forces, chip temperature, tool wear, surface roughness, and chip characteristics. The highest cutting forces were obtained under roughing condition, while, aggressive mode of machining (high values of cutting speed, feed, and depth of cuts) resulted in the highest chip temperature, crater, and flank wear. Material adhesion and coating delamination were predominant under roughing condition. On the other hand, aggressive condition exhibited diffusion wear causing large depth of crater and severe thermal cracks leading to fracture of the cutting edge. Attrition and abrasion wear were also evident. The results of cutting forces, chip temperature, surface roughness, and chip characteristics were correlated with those of tool wear. Results were found to be beneficial in recommending appropriate criteria for choosing different cutting conditions in face milling of AISI 1045 steel using TiAlN coated insert.


This special issue of Acta Astronautica is a compilation of selected papers presented at Review Meetings on SETI at the 1987-1990 International Academy of Astronautics Congresses. Papers are drawn from seven areas: bioastronomical context, SETI technology, SETI searches, radio frequency interferences, possibilities for newer instrumentation, interdisciplinary connections, and public relations. Two papers presented at the Pesek Lecture are included.


A maintenance management assessment system for rural highway is mainly researched, in which the sub module of the daily maintenance management, technological and safety condition state of rural highway, and level of rural highway net are incorporated. In addition, the expert knowledge are inserted in the system, the multi-layer neural network and fuzzy-set theory are used to implement maintenance management assessment for rural highway, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the assessment system are finally verified by practical rural highway.


Stomach- and intestine-related (GI) area of land is a long pathway that extends from the mouth to the anus. Everything you eat passes through the oesophagus and gets processed in the stomach and small intestines to extract things that act as foods. in the end, the waste is removed from your body through the colon and rectum. Sometimes, a tumor can form in one of these organs, after a change in the DNA causes different from what are usually expected cells to grow. This kind of change happens by the change. It could be anything from hidden under conditions to way of living choices to the study of tiny chemical assembly instructions inside of living things in stomachand intestine-related cancer is common, both in the United States and worldwide. Treatments are more effective when the cancer is detected at an early stage--which, unfortunately, can be a challenge.


Porosity parameters are considered from the standpoint of a map of the volume fraction porosity (P) and the ratio of normalized radii of the pore (rp) and the solid particles, webs, or ligaments (rs) defining the pores. For pore structures derived from uniform stacking of identical spherical particles or bubbles, this "map" turns out to be a single S-shaped curve showing (1) very significant constraints on porosity variations achievable, and (2) rp/rs contains no information not already given by P, but (3) P or rp/rs do not fully characterize the porosity. Of other interrelated porosity factors, i.e, open vs closed or inter- vs intragranular nature, coordination number of the pores or particles, the shape (e.g., curvature) of the pores, and the minimal solid area (i.e., minimum web cross sections or the bond area between particles) representing some porosity characteristics independent of P or rp/rs, it is concluded that the minitics solid area is the most appropriate one. For more complex ideal and real pore structures, (1) the above map starts from the ideal P vs rp/rs curve at the two extremes of P (0 and 1), but becomes a moderate band in-between, with the ideal P vs rp/rs curve at, or near, the mean of this band, and (2) a second parameter is still needed, and the minimum solid area is still the most appropriate one.


─ Wireless power transfer using inductive/ resonant coupling is studied using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Three-dimensional FDTD models are used to simulate the source and load loops as well as frequency-dependent magnetized ferrite shields. A series of tests are run to determine the required distance between the coils and the domain edges, the PML thickness, and convergence level. The FDTDcalculated coil parameters (self-inductance and quality factor) are then validated against measurement results. The efficiency of the inductive link is studied without ferrite shields and then with two ferrite slabs added. It is observed that adding ferrite slabs improves the


Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) operating in the frequency modulation mode with a metal tip functionalized with a CO molecule images the internal structure of molecules with an unprecedented resolution. The interpretation of these images is often difficult, making the support of theoretical simulations important. Current simulation methods, particularly the most accurate ones, require expertise and resources to perform ab initio calculations for the necessary inputs (i.e charge density and electrostatic potential of the molecule). Here, we propose an efficient and simple alternative to simulate these AFM images based on a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN), that avoids all force calculations, and uses as the only input a 2D ball–and–stick depiction of the molecule. We discuss the performance of the model when optimized using different training subsets. Our CGAN reproduces accurately the intramolecular contrast observed in the simulated images for quasi–planar molecules, but has significant limitations for molecules with a significant internal torsion, due to the strictly 2D character of the input.


Regional Innovation is an important factor to encourage competitiveness and prosperity in the region. Innovation is a collaborative process to improve effectiveness and efficiency in the Region. Innovation cannot run sporadically and partially, particularly at the level of regulation and governance . Reflection on experience shows, government apprehensive to innovate in the Region. Criminalization of policy, euphoria of corruption eradication causing poor innovation in the Region, so it should be given the rule that provides the flexibility to innovate without diminishing accountability or in formulating innovation policy, should be based on the principles in the running of innovation. Through the juridical analysis of substance of the Law 23/2014, have been set related to regional innovation. There is the possibility of expanding the activities of government, with narrowing of the risk of criminal prosecution.


The measurement of learning, particularly cognitive learning, has been problematic in instructional communication research. In an effort to address some of the methodological problems, Frymier, Shulman, and Houser (1996) developed a learning indicators scale. Several of the items in this scale involved communication behaviors. In this study it was hypothesized that students with a predisposition to avoid communication would score low on such a scale because of their avoidance of communication, confounding the learning indicators scale with communication apprehension. The learning indicators scale was revised to eliminate the communication based items. The revised scale was uncorrelated with communication apprehension as predicted, and positively correlated with learner empowerment, nonverbal immediacy, affective learning, state motivation, and grades.


: A study was conducted in the City of Tarlac to describe and analyze the Implementation of the Revised Revenue Code of the City Government of Tarlac. It focused on the policy processes: agenda setting, formulation, legitimization, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The study was a qualitative historical design that systematically seeks to glean and interpret past events and information about the local law mentioned, advancement, and potential impacts through past events to anticipate the future. In addition, the methods utilized were through the conduct of interviews and documentary analysis. It was revealed that each phase of the policy process affects the implementation of the local policy, the Revised Revenue Code. Therefore, the delay in the drafting, adoption, and implementation was caused by multifaceted problems from the legislator, the nature of the policy, and most importantly, the adverse reactions of the taxpayers. All the respondents of the study encountered issues in the implementation stage. The significant finding is the resistance of the taxpayer to the increase in taxes imposed by the city government. As a result, the study presented a plan of action to solve the findings, including measures to be taken, objectives, and strategies. Furthermore, creating a timeline for the target and feasible years of revision to legislate local ordinances and policies affecting the local government unit operations is highly suggested.


A newborn with prenatal diagnosis of Turner syndrome with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) was born at term at our institution without perinatal complications. Prostaglandin (PGE) infusion was started, and the initial transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) confirmed HLHS with severe mitral and aortic valve stenosis. There was a restrictive atrial communication with a large tortuous, decompressing levoatrial cardinal vein (LACV) that drained in a very unusual fashion to the superior vena cava (Figure 1A and B and Video 1). Family wished to pursue every available option, despite known poor outcomes with traditional stage 1 Norwood palliation in the 1 Pediatric Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 2 UF Health Congenital Heart Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3 Department of Pediatrics, Congenital Heart Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA


The work consists of two very voluminous volumes and has been published in a very complete and detailed manner. It seems completely impossible to state its content, even the features of the author's views. We have to confine ourselves to indicating only the departments on which the author dwells. First of all, the history of the issue and its literature are described in great detail, and the works on this issue are calculated up to Broca, Broca itself and following them until 1906.


Objective To investigate the drug-resistance rate of MTB in spinal tuberculosis and evaluate the clinical value of detecting rpsL,katG,rpoB gene mutation by PCR-SSCP.Methods 31 specimens obtained from patients of spinal tuberculosis were cultured by BACTEC MGIT 960.All the clinical isolates of MTB were examined for the susceptibility to clinical antituberculosis drugs and the rpsL,katG,rpoB gene of each clinical strains was analysed by PCR-SSCP.Results 18 MTB strains of 27 clinical isolates resisted to one or more medicines.The drug-resistant rate of SM,INH,RFP,PZA was 55.56%,44.44%,38.89%,16.67% and the mutation rate of rpsL,katG,rpoB gene in the drug-resistant strains was 70%,50%,71.43% respectively.The gene mutation rate in the high concentration resistant strains was higher than that in the low concentration resistant strains.Conclusions The traditional antituberculosis drug susceptibility test combined with the analysis of rpsL,katG,rpoB by PCR-SSCP is a useful method for detecting the drug susceptibility of MTB.


Thailand is a significant global exporter of cassava, of which cassava chips are the main export products. Moreover, China was the most important export market for Thailand from 2000 to 2020. However, during that period, Thailand confronted fluctuations in the cassava product price, and cassava chips were a product with significant price volatility, adapting to changes in export volumes. This study aims to analyze the volatility of the price of cassava chips in Thailand from 2010 to 2020. The data were collected monthly from 2010 to 2020, including the price of cassava chips in Thailand (Y), the volume of cassava China imported from Thailand (X1), the price of the cassava chips that China imported from Thailand (X2), the price of the cassava starch that China imported from Thailand (X3), the substitute crop price for maize (X4), the substitute crop price for wheat (X5), and Thailand's cassava product export volume (X6). The volatility and the factors affecting the volatility in the price of cassava chips were calculated using Bayesian GARCH-X. The results indicate that the increase in X1, X2, X3, X4, and X6 led to an increase in the rate of change in cassava chip price volatility. On the other hand, if the substitute crop price for wheat (X5) increases, then the rate of change in the volatility of the cassava chip price decreases. Therefore, the government's formulation of an appropriate cassava policy should take volatility and the factors affecting price volatility into account. Additionally, the government's formulation of agricultural policy needs to consider Thailand's macro-environmental factors and its key trading partners, especially when these environmental factors signal changes in the price volatility of cassava.


Objective:To determine the value and appropriate b factor of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in depicting rectal cancer.Methods:Forty-five patients with primary rectal cancer underwent high resolution T2WI and diffusion-weighted single-shot spin-echo echo-planar imaging (SE-EPI) with breath holding.The b factors used were 500,800,1000 and 1200s/mm2.The detection of tumors were assessed,and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of tumors,contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) of tumor-fat,tumor-muscle were calculated and compared.Twenty cases underwent thin-slice DWI without breath-holding simultaneously,and the axial source images were used for maximum intensity projection (MIP) and multiplanar reformation (MPR).The images were provided with reversed-contrast and color map display for assessment.Results:Diffusion-weighted imaging depicted all rectal cancers as hyperintense areas with various b factors and the contrast between the tumor and normal rectal wall was clearer than T2WI.The MIP and MPR images with reversed-contrast and color map display had fair contrast between tumors and background.The SI and SNR of tumors and CNRs of tumor-fat,tumor-muscle were decreased with increasing b factor,but the contrast between the tumor and normal rectal wall became more obvious (42/45).When b=500s/mm2,some normal small intestine were hyperintense and confused with tumor of upper rectum (n=21),but when b≥800s/mm2,only few normal structures were hyperintense and easily differentiated from the tumors.The SNR of tumors and CNRs of tumor-fat,tumor-muscle in the DWI with b=800,1000s/mm2 differed statistically significantly with the others,which showed no significant difference between various b factors each other.Conclusion:DW-MRI has great detectability for rectal cancer and b=800s/mm2 and 1000s/mm2 may be the appropriate b factor for depicting rectal cancer.


Leitich's ideas and solutions are unique and intriguing in efforts to understand American culture because her glimpses of society show how it affected tradition on an international scale. Using Leitich's book Amerika, Du hast es besser! I will show how Leitich addresses this cultural crisis. I will do this by exploring her belief that a tired European cultural elite wanted a cultural reformation, one which America provided; that America became a capitalistic leader which Leitich compares and relates to the Austrian socialistic economy; and that by providing her news correspondences, two distinct cultures finally became aware of each other and their mutual influence through international communication.


Combing technical development and application trends,the basic concepts of thing networking are analyzed.Architecture and associated technologies of Internet of Things based on the concept of Internet of Things are introduced.Available hardware environment and software programming language on the basis of brief introduction to functions of nRF2401 chip are also discussed.Then a small Internet of Things system based on WALN is proposed.Finally,the future prospects of Internet of Things technology are given.


Cercariae (larval forms of trematodes) can penetrate into the skin of man and lead to an inflammatory-allergic response and pruritic skin rash (swimmer's itch or cercarial dermatitis). We report an epidemic of swimmer's itch in Styria, in which cercarial of the avian schistosome Trichobilharzia ocellata were detected in 7 of 33 resort lakes


The invention relates to a method for improving the colour fastness of textile material made of plastics, whereby one or more vat dyes are applied to the textile material which undergoes heat treatment on its own or combined with other dyes/pigments. The material undergoes at least one additional heat treatment in connection with the colour thereof.


The assumption is put forward that the finance carrier of the capital market in the West of China should be the mineral property right. And it also researches some important issues as to how to built up the tangible mineral property right exchange in the West, such as the standardization of mineral property right, the trade system, the venture control, and the function of the government, etc.


Council of Australian Governments (COAG) proposed, in its discussion paper released in November 1995, that it develop a national framework for children's services in Australia. This is part of its review of intergovernmental responsibilities for the delivery of children's services. The review consists of two steps, the first being intergovernmental agreement on a national framework, and the second, bilateral agreements between the Commonwealth and each State and Territory to implement the national framework. The Australian Early Childhood Association, Inc. (AECA) has prepared a submission which sets out its views on the objectives, outcomes, and features of a national framework for children's services. The Association strongly believes that the interests of children should be the paramount consideration in developing the national framework for a children's services system.


Stressors over the lifespan can contribute to physiological dysregulation, or allostatic load. Allostatic load has been studied in humans using allostatic load indices (ALIs) for over 25 years, but the same methods are rarely applied to other species. We constructed an ALI for zoo-housed western lowland gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos and tested potential predictors of and health outcomes associated with allostatic load. Allostatic load scores ranged from 0–6 for gorillas and chimpanzees and 0–7 for bonobos. Age was significantly associated with allostatic load in gorillas and chimpanzees but not bonobos. Cumulative stressful events were positively associated with allostatic load in chimpanzees. Wild-caught gorillas had higher allostatic load than zoo-born conspecifics, but rearing differences between zoo-born animals were not significant for any species. Age may affect associations of allostatic load with stressful events and birthplace as results change when it is included as a covariate. Allostatic load was not retained in best-fit models for risk of all-cause morbidity, cardiac disease, or mortality risk. Some analyses herein were limited by the use of retrospective data, such as reason for sample collection and length of records provided for individual animals. Nevertheless, these data indicate additional research is needed to optimize ALIs for non-human primates.


Festivals are production form, social phenomenon, political component and tourist bait. Through its long and rich history, the festival combines a sense of celebration and politics, and with the emergence of mass tourism, it becomes the identity of the community in which it takes place. The feeling of celebration is one of the most lucrative jobs today because it belongs to the leisure group, which is especially evident from the example of the festival as a form. Festivals can contribute to international recognition, economic viability, extending or creating a tourist season and destination, job creation, strengthening the local community and creating and sharing art.
 Events are a phenomenon of today's society. International events have a significant reputation and promotion for tourist destinations, where destination management companies have a great influence. The behavior of tourists is changing, their needs and new desires need to be closely monitored and the market adapted to the tourist needs and wishes. The digital age brings with it a number of benefits and trends, and it also helps greatly in advertising and creating destination identity.


This paper presents an effective method for recognizing document images.Based on the analysis of the difference between the texture of document images and that of non-document images,the new method computes a new co-occurrence statistic,after which the decision is made hereby.Experimental result proves its validity.


The current interest in evaluating teachers and teacher education programs provides an opportunity to consider the education of diverse learners in K-12 schools in the United States. We address teaching English language learners (ELLs), a rapidly growing population. Challenges lie in holding content teachers of ELLs accountable as they are not adequately prepared to teach ELLs. In this article, we outline complexities surrounding the definition of the quality of teaching content to ELLs, provide an overview of existing teacher evaluation instruments, and discuss the difficulties in using ELL test scores to estimate the teacher contributions to academic growth of ELLs.


This paper proposes a method to stabilize contact motion to hard environment without enlarging additional operational force in synchronized bilateral teleoperation. It is well known that tactile transmission ability of bilateral teleoperation becomes worse because of a time delay between the systems. In this background, synchronized bilateral teleoperation (SBT) was previously proposed that highly performs to reproduce an impedance of an environment in a master system. On the other hand, the control system requires large operational force in order to realize stable contact motion, especially to high stiffness environment. In this paper, the trade-off is overcome by using the equivalent plant model of the control system. The plant model realizes to calculate the future value of the system's position and velocity responses. Compensation value for stable contact motion is only generated when the system starts to contact with the environment. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed through experiments.


The human ability to recognize images, in general, is characterized by unique attributes. Among these is the ease with which this recognition is performed using slow and simple computational elements; the biological neurons. The human recognition of images is scale, position, and rotation invariant. In addition, a human agent recognizes objects regardless of the view direction, and when they flipped about a vertical axis. These features are difficult to realize in computer vision systems. Consequently, biologically inspired vision systems become necessary. Recognition of cursive handwriting solely through vision system imposes an additional challenge since the semantic aspect is completely dropped. We assume here that labeling of recognized object is a matter of learning by a teacher. Semantic knowledge may be integrated in the system. This system considers three different phases for recognizing Arabic Handwriting letter by letter. In the first phase primitive features are recognized by special receptor neurons in their reception field. This corresponds to the pre-attentive processes in the V1 area in the human brain and result in the formation of feature maps. In the second phase binding of these primitive features into objects through attention windows is performed. Two types of binding are considered: (i) dynamic binding via temporal synchrony, and (ii) static binding via formation of specialized links and neurons. In the third phase, the special relations between the primitive features pertinent in the recognized letter determine this specific object (letter). Connectionist systems are implemented solely in this system. In other words, the system proves the capability of a biological system to recognize Arabic letters without the need to a central serial processor.


The problems often appeared in in-mould decoration process were introduced,which were separation of ink and sheet,broken up of ink,and ink fractured by convex beating.The mechanical properties,surface properties and processing adaptabilities of IMD films were analyzed and comparison was made on different kinds of film.The ink composition,ink viscosity,and transferring of ink were analyzed to get optimal material parameters.The quality of IMD products can be improved by optimizing the parameters of materials.


This paper presents the validation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Participants were 177 workers (74% males) between 19 and 64 years of age (M = 36.24, SD = 9.75) from fishing companies located in different cities of Peru. Evidence of validity related to the internal structure was obtained through the confirmatory factor analysis complemented with the analysis of the average variance that determines the internal convergence between the items. In addition, evidence of validity was examined to assess its relationship with other constructs: the satisfaction with life fulfilled the role of dependent variable versus the effects of the burnout syndrome. The reliability of the internal consistency was calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient, McDonald's omega coefficient, and Mueller & Hancock s H coefficient. The results demonstrate a one-dimensional structure of the SWLS with errors correlated between pairs 1-2 and 4-5. In the regression analysis, the dimensions «professional efficacy» and «emotional exhaustion of burnout syndrome» influenced the «satisfaction with life» dimension in contrast to the «indifference» dimension. The internal consistency of the SWLS scores was acceptable. The implication of the results at practical and theoretical level is discussed, as well as the limitations and future recommendations.


In recent years, robots that can be controlled using the network, such as drones, disaster rescue robots, and UAV, have attracted attention and various methods are being studied. Network delay causes a serious problem for the robots controled via network. A controller predict the state of the robot when the robot receives the command from the controller. But the predicted states may be significantly different from the actual state due to slip of the wheel and so on. As a result, the control via the network cannot achieve the suitable performance. In this paper, we propose an environment identification method using Bayesian inference for the remoto control of robots. In this method, the error of the robot control is infered by the Bayesian inference, whose prior probability distribution is optimized through a genetic algorithm. We evavluate our method by simulation to demonstrate that our method properly control the roobots, avoiding a large error. In addition, we implemented our method and demonstrate that our method can be used to control the actual robots.


There has been much interest in the field of laser radar (ladar) owing to its high-resolution three-dimensional imagery. However, the coherent ladar images are affected badly by speckle, which is a multiplicative noise and has the statistical features of the negative exponential density. In the paper, the morphological filter based on the parametric edge detection is introduced in detail. Then, this detector and the ratio edge detector are compared with the conventional LOG (Laplacian of Gaussian) operator and Canny operator. At last, the edge detection results for coherent laser radar image are obtained. The experimental results show that the morphological filter based on parametric edge detection and the ratio edge detector are better than other algorithms for coherent ladar image, and the morphological filter based on the parametric edge detection is the best algorithm in this paper.


Currently, combination therapy, including preoperative irradiation of the tumor and areas of regional lymphatic drainage, has become the standard for the treatment of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods for evaluating neoadjuvant therapy response are increasingly being introduced into the practice of specialized medical centers. However, the prognostic value of tumor regression grade remains unclear. The results of numerous studies presented in modern literature are contradictory, and their comparative analysis is extremely difficult because of the abundance of post-radiation regression classifications used. This review article reflects the current views on the role and ways of assessing the therapeutic pathomorphosis of rectal cancer after radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy.


Although ethnic concentration in the neighbourhood is often thought to constrain ethnic minorities' social ties with majority group members, the results of empirical studies are mixed. However, previous studies have differed in the type of social ties examined—for example, neighbours, friends, marital partners—whereas it is questionable whether ethnic residential concentration constrains weak and strong social ties to the same extent. This study analysed survey data from the Netherlands and found that the greater the ethnic concentration in the neighbourhood, the less often ethnic minorities have social ties with the native Dutch. Ethnic residential concentration is also found to constrain the strength of those social ties in terms of support, advice and frequency of contact. Ethnic residential concentration thus not only constrains the probability of having a social tie with natives in general, but of strong social ties in particular.


This paper uses a novel technique to investigate speed, area, and accuracy trade-offs in a digital lossless discrete integrator (LDI) filter. The work concentrates on the implementation of LDI filters with different bit widths rather than their numerical properties. The Jiggle algorithm is based on Darwinian and accelerated evolution ideas, and instead of starting with a single seed, a re-generative multiple-seed approach is taken. The Jiggle algorithm is used for micro-architecture exploration after scheduling and allocation of the functional units of a signal flow graph. The approach selects from a library containing a wide range of implementations to provide delay/area trade-off information for the architecture in question.<<ETX>>


Essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh leaves and dry buds of Syzigium caryophyllatum were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Thirty eight components were identified in the leaf oil. The main components were eugenol (74.3%), eucalyptol (5.8%), caryophyllene (3.85%) and α-cadinol (2.43%). Thirty one components were identified in bud oil with the main components being eugenol (49.7%), caryophyllene (18.9%), benzene,1-ethyl-3-nitro (11.1%) and benzoic acid,3-(1-methylethyl) (8.9%). The clove oil from Bangladesh was found to be comparable in terms of its eugenol content. It is suggested that clove can be grown as an economically viable crop in Bangladesh.


Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), one of the most predominant mediators of pathologic angiogenesis, plays a critical role in glioma carcinogenesis and development via promoting tumor growth. We hypothesized that VEGFA polymorphisms may influence glioma risk. We recently genotyped 9 VEGFA single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 766 glioma patients and 824 cancer‐free controls selected from a Chinese population. We evaluated the glioma risk conferred by individual SNPs, haplotypes as well as cumulative SNP effect. In the single‐locus analysis, we found that rs2010963 (G+405C, G‐634C) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.58; GC/CC vs. GG] and rs3025030 (OR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.18–4.14; CC vs. GG/GC) were associated with increased risk for glioma, and rs3024994 (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.47–0.94; CT/TT vs. CC) was associated with reduced glioma risk, albeit insignificant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. The haplotype‐based analysis revealed that AGG in block 1 and ATT, ACT in block 2 were associated with 20–40% reductions in glioma risk. The inverse association of haplotype AGG containing rs2010963G remained significant after correction for multiple testing (p = 0.002, pcorrected = 0.022). The aforementioned 3 SNPs revealed a significant cumulative risk effect; the increased risk for glioma was 1.38‐fold for each additional adverse genotype he or she carries (ptrend = 8.4 × 10−5). Our findings suggested that VEGFA variants may be involved in glioma risk. Larger studies with ethnically diverse populations are warranted to confirm the results reported in this investigation.


The article provides an analysis of the nearest and long-term maternal and neonatal effects of vacuum ekstraction (VE) deliveries in 93 women and their children. The suggested VE method is a priority one for reduced number of immediate maternal effects of operative vaginal deliveries. It was associated with reduction in frequency of perineal lacerations, number of episiotomies, manual revision of the uterus and/or manual separation of the placenta and blood loss. Performing VE under the suggested method improves immediate effects after delivery for a newborn but there are no significant advantages as for impact on further development of children when compared with the traditional VE method.


Objective:The anethestic is su mian xin with other drugs for dog of effective to do experiment.Methods:The diffence of anesthesia means had divided five groups to act according.Each groups dogs 12,among one group is contrast of groups.To dividing three SpO 2、R、P and relaxation or muscle (1:after anesthesia 20 minutes,2:After anesthesia 2h,3:the operative finish).Results:The aneshesia induction time had been shorter than is E groups on the average 8 minutes in 5 groups.The D group and A group had time more long,average times 20 minutes,B group and C group was 15 minutes.The maintaince of anesthesia time had been 5h more long for E group had highly (P0.05) in operation and postoperation.The respiration had taken 17.5 times.It was more highly other groups(P0.05).Conclusion:The anesthesia method had given satisfaction in dogs.But the Su Mian Xin have effectuated which must being strict according body weight.The garget of dog is stability in experiment.


A NA TMAP project in 1995 located at least eight Within the kimberlites, the following mineral phases were so-called ultramafic lamprophyre dykes in the Cape Chidley identified: (I) lherzolitic, eclogitic and megacrystal garnet area of northernmost Labrador and Nunavut. They were (megacrystal garnet was also found in some of the described as dark-grey to black, recessively weathering dykes lamprophyres), (2) clinopyroxene which plots in Fipke's with local olivine nodules. Thin-section studies revealed them diamondiferous CPX domain (as does one lamprophyre), (3) be alkalic, olivine-phlogopite-carbonate-perovskite rocks. The orthopyroxene with< 1% to 1.5% Al20 3, and (4) olivine with dykes were post-tectonic and grouped with Phanerozoic Fo contents of~ 88-92 (some of the lamprophyres have two dykes. populations of olivine with clusters of similar high Fo values). Copper Hill Resources Ltd. (CUHL) of St. John's, NF, Orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene geothermobarometers staked the area and sampled six of the dykes. The whole rock indicate a harzburgite chemistry for some mineral separates samples, weighing up to I 8.5 kg, were crushed and separated and also that the postulated geotherm for the intrusive history into heavy mineral concentrates (HMC) from which garnet, of the dykes is permissive of diamond stability. clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, olivine, ilmenite and chromite A soil geochemical sample collected over one dyke indicator minerals were picked and analysed by electron yielded significant pyrope, chrome diopside and olivine and microprobe at a commercial laboratory. minor amounts of indicator minerals were recovered from Based on the mineralogy of the samples collected, two of small stream sediment samples. the dykes are classified as kimberlite and the remainder as Seventy-five km southwest of these dykes, in the lamprophyres, though they have some mineralogical features Abloviak Shear zone, Ungava Bay, Quebec, Twin Gold Ltd. in common with the kimberlites. Sample size was very small has been conducting an active exploration program in possibly for definitive determinations; for instance, one kimberlite had similar kimberlite dykes from which they report significant a strike extension, which was classified as lamprophyre. concentrations of diamonds.


This paper reviews possible uses of remote-sensing techniques to locate avalanche victims. Until recently probes and dogs were the only methods available, but recently attempts have been made to devise other methods for finding human beings in snow. Ideally such a search should be made possible for other members of the party, as the chance of survival of a victim falls rapidly with increasing time to rescue. For this all members of the party need to have something which the others can locate. The most usual proposal is an electromagnetic transmitter/receiver set. The merits of various possible frequencies are discussed. International agreement on a frequency is urgently required. Magnetic devices might be considered, but the detecting devices are too expensive or heavy to be generally carried. Search parties can of course be equipped with more sophisticated apparatus, and various possibilities are discussed for identifying metal on the victim, for identifying him by radio sounding, for locating him by mapping microwave emission, or for searching for eddy currents induced in him.


Section Editor: Graeme J. Hankey MD, FRCP

Oral care can be a challenging task for those who have impairments as a consequence of stroke. Physical weakness, lack of coordination and the cognitive problems that can accompany a stroke may prevent a person from maintaining good oral hygiene on their own. Dry mouth, oral ulcers and stomatitis may be caused by medication, which further impact on oral health.1 Many stroke patients rely on nursing staff for assistance with oral hygiene, yet oral care is not perceived as a care priority,2 and there are few training or care policies in place.3 Evidence-based supported oral care intervention is essential for this patient group. As in other aspects of poststroke care, …


The invention relates to a motor vehicle with operating elements for a driver, which are fixedly arranged depending in a vehicle interior thereof on the left or right, if the vehicle is primarily intended for use with right-hand or left-hand traffic, and means for alerting the driver, which can be activated in dependence on operating characteristics of the vehicle and a total of one and can be switched off, and the warning messages include an indication of a prescribed, not intended for the vehicle of transportation.


Purpose: Tissue heterogeneity on low‐energy photon emitters can be significant due to the dependence of the photoelectric effect on atomic number and photon energy. This study evaluates the effect of tissue heterogeneities on the absorbed dose distribution from the Xoft Axxent 50 kVp electronic brachytherapy source. Materials and Methods: The MCNPXMonte Carlo code was used to simulate various tissue configurations surrounding a 50 kVp electronic brachytherapy source. The absorbed dose distribution was simulated from a single source position at the middle of a 5.0 cm diameter water filled balloon. The dependence on surrounding tissue type was studied by inserting the balloon in three different tissue regions; water, breast, and muscle. The dose enhancement from a bone region was also studied based upon a composite bone layer that included outer and inner layers of cortical bone sandwiched between a region of spongiosa bone. Results: The absorbed dose decreased by 12% in breast tissue immediately adjacent to the water balloon. At 1.0cm from the balloon edge the dose difference was approximately 5% for breast tissue. The absorbed dose difference between muscle and water was negligible. The composite bone layer produced an absolute dose enhancement of approximately 4.5 relative to water at the outer edge of the bone layer. This dose enhancement is dependent upon the distance from the source point to the bone layer. Conclusions: We present simulation results for the effect of idealized tissue heterogeneities on the absorbed dose difference from a 50 kVp electronic brachytherapy source. In general breast tissue produces a lower absorbed dose relative to water based upon the increased percentage of carbon and the resulting reduction in the effective atomic number and photoelectric effect. Cortical bone will create a significant dose enhancement due to the higher percentage of photoelectric interactions.


With better medical technology and research advancements in medicine, life expectancy has increased such that women are spending a greater number of years in menopause. Osteoporosis (type 1) and osteoporotic fractures occur frequently in postmenopausal women and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this age group. It is estimated that approximately 10 million Americans 50 years of age and older have osteoporosis of the hip and an additional 34 million have osteopenia of the hip (National Osteoporosis Foundation, 2002). It is projected that by 2012 there will be 12 million cases of osteoporosis, with another 40 million Americans suffering from osteopenia (National Osteoporosis Foundation, 2002). The financial burden of bone disease in the elderly is expected to increase. In fact, the worldwide cost projection for osteoporotic-related fractures is estimated to double to $76.7 billion by 2050 (World Health Organization, 2007). Many factors influence bone health including genetics, ethnicity, gender, diet, physical activity, endocrine status, and lifestyle behaviors such as smoking, eating disorders (i.e., anorexia nervosa), excessive caffeine intake, and heavy alcohol consumption (Specker, Namgung, & Tsang, 2001). Whereas gender, ethnicity, and genetics are not modifiable variables, others such as physical activity and diet are. Bone mass, structure, and composition are largely determined by genetics and influenced by mechanical stress in early life. In other words, the bone mass of older adults depends on the levels obtained during periods of skeletal growth in childhood and adolescences and the rate of bone loss later in life. But even if evidence points to peak bone mass being under the influence of inherited genetic markers, which account for approximately 70% to 75% of individual variance, this leaves about 25% to 30% of individual variance to key exogenous factors that can be manipulated to promote maximum bone mass. Therefore, preventive strategies should target modifiable factors to achieve maximum bone density during childhood/adolescence and reducing the rate of bone loss during the postmenopausal years. Several human studies are beginning to indicate that programming of bone growth during fetal development may be an important contributor to osteoporosis in later years. Programming of bone growth is influenced by the pregnant mother's nutritional status. When undernutrition occurs early in pregnancy, the rate of bone growth slows and creates a set point that regulates the rate of bone development and bone mineralization throughout pregnancy resulting in a smaller fetus (McCane & Widdowson, 1962). Neonatal birth weight, birth length, and placenta weight are positively and significantly associated with bone mass throughout life (McCane & Widdowson, 1962). This suggests that maternal nutrition should be optimal during pregnancy as a preventive measure against osteoporosis in adulthood. In other words, osteoporosis prevention begins in the prenatal period. Throughout childhood and adolescence up to approximately age 50 bone mass should be optimized to offset the slow rate of bone loss, which may begin after 35 years of age. This can be done though assuring a diet rich in vitamins and minerals to ensure maximization of peak bone development. Weight-bearing exercise is also an important component to increasing and maintaining bone mineral density. Teens involved in competitive sports should maintain adequate body fat content to avoid the triad of amenorrhea, eating disorder, and osteoporosis. Birth control methods, specifically Depo Provera, cause temporary decrease in bone mineralization and so should not be used for a period longer than 5 years (Cromer, 2003). If used during the adolescence years, it can interfere with maximizing bone density during a period when rapid growth is occurring. This is especially concerning if the teen is not consuming the necessary dietary nutrients to offset this temporary bone loss or to maximize the potential for peak bone density after Depo Provera is discontinued.


Appendectomy is associated with complications and negative appendicectomy. We evaluated the rate and predictors of NAR in a cohort.

 Patients' data who underwent emergency appendicectomies over a year was analysed. A definition of NA; absence of inflammatory cells in the appendix. The NAR was calculated using (NAR-SDC) and (NAR-STC). Leucocytosis was a total WBC >11000/mm3, elevated CPR >5 mg/L.

 372 patients were included. Median durations of symptoms 2 days. The mean admission WBC, CRP and serum bilirubin levels were 12,600 (3000-38000)/mm3, 66.9 (1-323) mg/L and 12.7 (4-38) µmol/L respectively. Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed in 93.5% with a conversion rate of 4.6%.NAR-SDC was 10.2% and NAR-STC was 25.8%. NAR was higher in females than males (39.4% versus 11.1%; p-value 0.0001). Patients with NA were younger (p-value 0.0001), had lower WBC (p-value 0.014), CRP (p-value 0.0001) levels on admission. Female gender, duration of symptoms more than 3 days, lower WBC were found to be predictors of NAR.

 NA is a problem in management of patients with acute right lower abdominal pain. Our NAR compared favourably with reported rates. Female gender, symptoms more than 3 days, lower WBC were predictors of NA.


Introduction The east coast of the Mediterranean is considered a semi arid region where water availability is far less than demand. As a consequence of the lower water use for domestic purposes, the discharged wastewater effluents are highly concentrated which poses a challenge for the selection of appropriate technologies used for wastewater treatment since conventional processes are not capable of treating such concentrated effluents. The application of membranes in wastewater treatment is an evolving technology and membrane bio reactors (MBRs) are getting more attention worldwide. The MBR is a combination of suspended growth reactor and membrane filtration device set into a single unit process. This combination has various advantages such as the smaller footprint, absence of bulking problems, and the ability to withstand variable influent conditions (Bernal et al, 2002) and high feed concentrations (Watanabe and Kimura, 2006). These advantages promote the use of MBRs where conditions similar to that existing in Palestine exist. In addition to that, MBRs have the ability to produce effluent complying with standards set for wastewater reuse options (Melin, 2006). Membrane fouling increases the investment cost and power consumption per unit of treated wastewater which are the main constraints that limit the use of MBR technology (Judd, 2004). However, the expansion of the technology worldwide and the more understanding of fouling mechanisms are reducing the operation costs continuously. This research aimed at experimenting the MBR for the treatment of domestic wastewater effluent for the purpose of studying the system performance and efficiency under existing wastewater characteristics.


Radio waves are providing a new way to probe the Sun and suggest that the magnetic field of its corona may be stronger than long thought.


This article discussed the dynamic maintenance strategy method based on the maintenance and support information collected by reliability information collecting and analyzing system for ship electrical equipment.The statistics and optimization model for decsion index needed in maintenance and support process of ship electronic equipment are analysed,and research ideas of intelligent decision for a further development of reliability information collecting and analyzing system for ship electrical equipment are provieded.


Isochronous mass spectrometry (IMS) in storage rings is a su cce sful technique for accurate mass measurements of short-lived nuclides with relative precision of about 10 −5− 10−7. Instabilities of the magnetic fields in storage rings are one of the major contributions limiting the achiev able mass resolving power, which is directly related to the precision of the obtained mass values. A new data analysi s method is proposed allowing one to minimise the effect of such instabilities. The masses of the previously m easured at the CSRe 41Ti, 43V, 47Mn, 49Fe, 53Ni and 55Cu nuclides were re-determined with this method. An improve ment of the mass precision by a factor of ∼ 1.7 has been achieved for 41Ti and 43V. The method can be applied to any isochronous mass experime nt rr spective of the accelerator facility. Furthermore, the method can be used a an on-line tool for checking the isochronous conditions of the storage ring.


The goal of this work was to address the technological problems associated with waveguide preparation by thermal- and electric-field–assisted K^+–Na^+ ion exchange in two types of soda-lime glass: common FTD and special pure GIL49. The number of modes, depth, profile, and the change in refractive index were measured for waveguides prepared at temperatures between 250 and 410 °C and electric-field values between 0 and 50 V/mm. Although the influence of some admixture content inside the glass was relatively high, all of these parameters were controlled accurately and repeatedly by the electric field.


The international landscape of vocational education and training (VET) is hugely diverse – and more diverse than most other sectors of education systems. There is wide variation across countries in how vocational programmes are organised and delivered, the ages and stages of education at which individuals pursue VET and how VET is funded. This diversity creates an opportunity to exploit cross-country variation to identify the features of VET systems associated with better educational, labour market and social outcomes for graduates. At the same time, country comparisons need good data, but comparative data on VET have major gaps. This report identifies existing and new indicators of VET systems that are suitable for international comparisons, based on current data availability and quality. The report does not directly fill those data gaps, but establishes the dimensions of the gaps and sets out how one might go about filling them, while giving some proposals for future indicator development.


Indonesia is currently coming into a demographic dividend era occuring due to changes in the age structure of its population because the proportion of productive age is above 2/3 of the total population and around 50.36% of the population of productive age are basically millennial generation. This is an opportunity that must be utilized as well as possible by maximizing the capabilities of the current millennial generations which have open, free, critical, and courageous mindset as the essential things in entrepreneurship. The aim of this research is to find out the effect of marketing intelligence in growing the entrepreneurial spirit in millennial generations by using quantitative approaches and descriptive    analysis method. The results show that: 1) marketing intelligence activities performed by millennial generation can help growing the entrepreneurial spirit; and 2) marketing research has the dominant influence of the growing entrepreneurial spirit of the millennial generation in marketing intelligence activities. This marketing intelligence activity does not have to be done in a group, but it can be done independently or alone. https://doi.org/10.26905/jmdk.v8i1.4245


Blood glucose (BG) prediction is crucial to the successful management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) by allowing for proactive medical interventions and treatment. We present an IoT-enabled wearable device for real-time BG prediction based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and a novel attention-based recurrent neural network (RNN). The complete hardware contains a system on a chip (SoC) that enables BLE connectivity and executes the embedded RNN with edge inference. This device can provide 24-hour predictive glucose alerts, i.e., hypoglycemia, to improve BG control and prevent or mitigate potential complications. Meanwhile, it can be connected to desktop computers and smartphones for the visualization of BG trajectories, data storage, and model update.


Multiresolution approximation (MRA) of the vector fields on T is studied. We introduced in the Fourier space a triad of vector fields called helical vectors which derived from the spherical coordinate system basis. Utilizing the helical vectors, we proved the orthogonal decomposition of L(T) which is a synthesis of the Hodge decomposition of the differential 1or 2-form on T and the Beltrami decomposition that decompose the space of solenoidal vector fields into the eigenspaces of curl operator. In the course of proof, a general construction procedure of the divergence-free orthonormal complete basis from the basis of scalar function space is presented. Applying this procedure to MRA of L(T), we discussed the MRA of vector fields on T and the analyticity and regularity of vector wavelets. It is conjectured that the solenoidal wavelet basis must break r-regular condition, i.e. some wavelet functions cannot be rapidly decreasing function because of the inevitable singularities of helical vectors. The localization property and spatial structure of solenoidal wavelets derived from the Littlewood-Paley type MRA (Meyer's wavelet) are also investigated numerically.


This paper recommends the categorization of cases where teenage girls engage in unlawful sexual activity into consensual and non-consensual. It further recommends decriminalisation of consensual sexual activity having regard to instances of exploitation and abuse of authority. In such cases emphasis should be placed on sex education and reproductive health concerns. Lastly the paper suggests that legal remedies to address the unlawful sexual activity should indicate that in addition to punishing the offender there should be orders to support the girl-child through consequences such as child delivery as well as emotional and psychological trauma that ensues as a result of the forced sexual act. Both formal and legal remedies should therefore be designed to address the practical needs of the victims. (excerpt)


An LGA substrate and manufacturing method thereof are provided to improve MTTF of the electromigration and lower resistance. The LGA substrate(100) comprises a core(110), a LGA pad(120), a nickel layer(121), a palladium layer(122) and a gold layer(123). The core has a construction dielectric substance, and a metal layer and a solder resist. The LGA pad is electrically connected to a metal layer. The LGA pad has the conductivity. The nickel layer is arranged on the LGA pad. The palladium layer is arranged on the nickel layer. An Au layer is arranged on the gold layer.


The following degree work, compiles the information built during the last five years as Goalball coach of the Antioquia team, we have carried out an investigation of the pre-sport games that we currently find for the teaching and learning of Goalball, observing that there is a notorious lack of alternative recreational pedagogies that motivate the athlete to practice the sport. We collect the information through a systematization of experiences obtained by the field diaries, notes and notes existing from 2015 to 2019, achieving a proposal of sixty predeportive goalball games divided into six categories that include orientation and displacement , defense, attack, ball manipulation, passes and competitive transition, aspects necessary to develop the sport in people with visual disabilities from the recreational, training or sports field. Finally, athletes, teachers, institutions and all those interested in the training of people with visual disabilities can access a bibliographic material that serves as a guide or reference in the teaching and learning process.


Device stability and life-time rank the key issues for PhOLEDs. We synthesized deuterated Ir(ppy)3-D24. A device based on it has a current density twenty times higher than and a life-time six times longer than devices based on Ir(ppy)3. The more stable C–D bond is found to be the main contributing factor, called the "deuterium effect".


The perspectives to generate the QCD plasma in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions stimulate extensive studies of the possible signals which will allow us to conclude that the state of deconfined quarks and gluons is indeed produced in these collisions. For the general background see ref. [ 1 ]. In this paper I consider the phenomena well-known from the electrodynamic (electron-ion) plasma, which can be helpful in distinguishing the quark-gluon plasma. Specifically, I discuss instabilities i.e. specific oscillations, the amplitudes of which increase, usually exponentially, in time. The existence of instabilities is probably the most characteristic feature of the electromagnetic plasma. The development of them makes the motion of plasma particles essentially collective and it leads to a specific plasma behaviour far different from that of normal fluids or gases. The first steps towards studying the quark-gluon plasma instabilities have been taken. The existence of the socalled pinch instability has been suggested in ref. [ 2 ], and the filamentation instability, which is also discussed here, has been briefly considered in ref. [ 3 ]. The instabilities occur when the state of the system deviates from global thermodynamical equilibrium. According to the terminology from the electron-ion plasma [ 4 ], the instabilities caused by the system inhomogenity are called macroscopic, while those, which appear when the momentum distribution of the plasma particles differs from the equilibrium one, are


Experiment of terahertz generation with Coated Coated photoconductive dipole antenna based on semi-insulating -Uncoated ncoated GaAs is researched. Terahertz waveform with about lps 2 width is observed. The frequency spectrums of the terahertz radiation range over ITHz, and their peaks are at roughly | 0.3THz. The electrics characteristic of GaAs simulated using 4.0 o the fi t d i 2t d 0 is p s the finite difference time domain method iS presented. Tlime (P.S) Rquency (Tllz)


Person re-identification is a critical method in video surveillance, which has a wide range of applications. However, because of the shift in shooting posture, the same person's physical attributes can become badly misplaced, and feature matching is challenging. A pose-guided attention and alignment (PGAA) technique is presented as a solution to this. The core of this technique is a multi-branch deep network. The first branch is based on keypoint multi attention technology, filtering the image's actual information and then executing horizontal segmentation to extract local characteristics. The second branch is a method based on local alignment. The pose estimation is realized using a pre-trained pose estimation model and local feature matching at keypoints. We may employ part features while also alleviating the offset of the part feature map caused by the occlusion of the part detection frame and the erroneous position, and improving the discrimination and robustness of the part features with this technique. The method can produce good outcomes in the situation of posture change and human image misalignment, according to testing results on some popular datasets.


Summary.

Increasing concentrations (2, 4 and 8% w/v) of NaCl in the heating medium reduced the heat resistance of spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus but had no effect on the heat or radiation resistances of B. pumilus, B. subtilis and B. subtilis var. niger or on the radiation resistance of B. stearothermophilus. Increasing heat damage rendered all the spores increasingly sensitive to NaCl in the recovery medium.

The presence of NaCl during heating reduced the subsequent NaCl sensitivity of B. pumilus, B. subtilis and B. subtilis var. niger but increased that of B. stearothermophilus. Increasing doses of γ radiation rendered the spores of B. stearothermophilus increasingly sensitive to NaCl in the recovery medium. The effect was less pronounced with B. pumilus, whilst B. subtilis and B. subtilis var. niger showed little change in their post-irradiation sensitivity to NaCl. The presence of NaCl during γ irradiation had no effect on the subsequent pattern of postirradiation NaCl sensitivity.


In northern countries, students have access to a wide range of digital and printed sources as well as search tools to support their academic work. The situation is quite different in African universities, particularly in Burkina Faso, where students' access to library resources remains limited. This study, the first of its kind in French-speaking West Africa, aims to contribute to a better understanding of the information-seeking behaviour of doctoral students in medicine at Joseph Ki-Zerbo University in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). The objectives are the following: 1) to identify the information sources and tools these students use in their information search process and the criteria that govern this selection; 2) to identify the persons (professors, students, librarians, etc.) who assist these students in their information search process and understand what type(s) of assistance they provide; 3) to identify the barriers these students face during their information search process, and the measures they take to overcome them. This study is based on Kuhlthau's Information Search Process model (1991, 2004), supplemented by the intervening variables included in Wilson's Information Behaviour model (1996). A mixed-methods design was adopted. It consisted of two phases: 1) a quantitative component consisting in a survey conducted among students of the Training and research unit in health science to which 269 students have responded, and 2) a quantitative component consisting in semi-structured in-depth interviews with 25 students, selected among respondents from phase I. Data analysis showed that these medical students use various search tools in their information search process but expressed a preference for Web search engines and open access databases. These choices are influenced by factors such as the tools' ease of use and ease of access, as well as the information sources to which they have access. In terms of document formats, digital sources are more heavily used than printed ones, for they are easier to access, more portable and more user friendly. Data analysis also showed that several persons assist doctoral students in medicine in their information search process. Among them are faculty members, student peers, relatives, and, to a lesser extent, librarians. Additionally, the analysis revealed that "elders" (i.e., physicians and students from previous cohorts) play an especially important role: they provide students with documents, often from their own personal collection, and they orient students towards promising research topics and relevant information sources.