Invertebrate taxonomy module courses are limited and textual. Invertebrate taxonomy module that is not based on contextual research. Ngawi Pitu forest can be used as a location for research, because of the diversity of existing invertebrates. The research aims to develop insect identification modules on subjects Taxonomy invertebrate insightful context. Module development using the 4D model (Define, Design, Development, Dissemination). The products produced in the form of modules with product validation to experts and tested on students. The results obtained expert ideals 79 % in both categories. Results of tests on subjects obtained ideals 72% with the good category. The trial results states : 1 ) modules developed well and fit for use with the improvement of writing, 2 ) students easily recognize examples of insects as obtained from the forest and the surrounding environment. Suggestion development need to be large-scale trials to determine the effectiveness of the module as well as need to be developed on a wider material .


Resources and processes for writing and publishing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Differences in content and coverage in some of our more popular databases.


Gerda Lerner was a historian of remarkable eloquence, insight, and courage, an advocate of the importance of history to the pursuit of social justice. She devoted her academic lifetime to showing that women had a history, and that knowing it could alter human consciousness. "Writing history and thinking about women," she wrote in her collected essays, Why History Matters: Life and Thought (1998), "could lead to transformative politics rooted in both thought and experience."(xv) She was the si...


This research aims to develop cognitive and creativity of group B through playing block activities in TK Plus Private Darul Ilmi Murni Medan. This research is a classroom action research (Class Room Action Research) it is a research done by teachers to improve the learning process. The study consists of four steps, namely: (a) planning (planning): (b) action (action): (c) observation (observing): (d) the reflection (reflecting). Based on the results of the above research can be concluded that through the activities of playing the beam can develop the cognitive and creativity of children in Kindergarten Plus Private Private Darul Ilmi Murni Medan.


Objective To evaluate the clinical results of old non-magnetic intraocular foreignbodies extraction in posterior segment by vitrectomy.Methods Retrospective review the clinical records of 65 eyes of 62 cases of old non-magnetic intraocular foreign bodies treated by vitrectomy,to approach the clinical results and prognosis of old non-magnetic intraocular foreign bodies extraction in posterior segment by vitrectomy.Results Using vitrectomy and non-magnetic intraocular foreign bodies extraction,foreign bodies were extracted in 65 eyes in one time,the achievement ratio was 100 %.Postoperative visual acuity:Visual acuiiy of 42 eyes with retinal detachment improved in 12 eyes(28.57%),28 eyes remained unchanged(66.67%) and decreased in 2 eyes(4.76 %).Visual acuity of 23 eyes with no retinal dctachment improved in 15 eyes(65.22%),8 eyes remained unchanged(34.78%).Conclusion Old non-magnetic intraocular foreign bodies in post segment can be extracted effectively by vitrectomy.But the visual result is influenced by stagnation.Postoperative visual acuity without retinal detachment is evidently better than one with retinal detachment.


(1999). Parliamentary members and leaders as agents of reform: Parliamentary and regime change revisited. The Journal of Legislative Studies: Vol. 5, The Uneasy Relationships Between Parliamentary Members and Leaders, pp. 131-208.


. The orientation-distributions of AMS and AARM ellipsoids are non-coaxial in the Kapuskasing Zone granulites. AARM is due to the preferred orientation of magnetite which mostly postdates the silicate fabric. The AMS orientation-distribution combines susceptibility anisotropies of magnetite and the silicates. Whereas heating does not increase the bulk susceptibility, it does improve the definition of the orientation-distributions of both AMS and AARM. However, the orientation-distribution therefore post-heated samples emphasize the magnetite subfabric. Thus, heating does not clarify the interpretation of the silicate fabric in this study. However, it does change the samples' AMS fabric in such a way as to reveal the magnetite subfabric which can only otherwise be detected by more tedious AARM measurements.


The aim of this thesis was to prepare three-dimensional scaffolds that can be potentially used for the reconstruction and regeneration of damaged bone tissues. Two techniques were used to create the porous ceramic scaffolds – polymer replica technique and polymerization in situ. A variety of bioceramic materials were studied, mainly alumina, zirconia and calcium phosphates. The effect of processing parameters, such as composition of suspensions, as well as the effect of heat treatment on structure and final properties of the prepared scaffolds were evaluated. Morphology of the sintered scaffolds was characterised by scanning electron microscopy; in particular pore size, pores interconnection, total porosity and density were described. Phase composition, compressive strength and biological properties such as bioactivity and cytotoxicity were also discussed. The dissertation is divided into several sections. The literature review briefly summarizes the structure and properties of bones, the requirements for scaffolds, advantages and disadvantages of currently used materials and methods of ceramic foam preparation. The first part of experiments dealt with scaffolds prepared by polymer replica technique. All fabricated foams had interconnected pores with size in the range of 300 to 2000 μm, total porosity was 50–99%. The compressive strength of calcium phosphate foams prepared by replica technique reached about 0.3 MPa (at 80 % porosity). Reinforcement of the scaffolds was reached by using bio-inert cores or by incorporation of silica into the composite structure. The strength of calcium phosphate/silica scaffold increased above 20 MPa. The last section of experimental part discusses in situ blown calcium phosphate scaffolds, created by using the formation process of polyurethane foam with diisocyanate and polyol components. The sintered scaffolds had mainly interconnected macroporous structure with pore size ranging 80 to 550 μm. The total porosity was about 76 to 99 %. The advantage of this method compared to the polymer replica technique was that the struts were completely filled. None of the studied materials was cytotoxic and moreover all studied foams exhibited bioactive behaviour. The most promising adept for application in bone tissue engineering seems to be composite material containing calcium phosphates reinforced by silica.


Analyses that fulfill differential privacy provide plausible deniability to individuals while allowing analysts to extract insights from data. However, beyond an often acceptable accuracy tradeoff, these statistical disclosure techniques generally inhibit the verifiability of the provided information, as one cannot check the correctness of the participants' truthful information, the differentially private mechanism, or the unbiased random number generation. While related work has already discussed this opportunity, an efficient implementation with a precise bound on errors and corresponding proofs of the differential privacy property is so far missing. In this paper, we follow an approach based on zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), in specific succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge, as a verifiable computation technique to prove the correctness of a differentially private query output. In particular, we ensure the guarantees of differential privacy hold despite the limitations of ZKPs that operate on finite fields and have limited branching capabilities. We demonstrate that our approach has practical performance and discuss how practitioners could employ our primitives to verifiably query individuals' age from their digitally signed ID card in a differentially private manner.


The ultrasonic vibration potential refers to the generation of a potential when ultrasound traverses a colloidal or ionic solution. The vibration potential can be used for imaging of tissue by sending a burst of ultrasound into a body and recording the vibration potential on the surface of the body with a pair of electrodes attached to a preamplifier and signal processing electronics. The theory of imaging in one-dimension is based on an integral of the ultrasound burst over the colloid distribution in space. A complete theory gives the current from the vibration potential as an integral of the product of the pressure with the component of the gradient of the colloid distribution in space in the direction of propagation of the ultrasound.


The Cellular Neural Network (CNN) based analog Viterbi decoder with a circular-buffered architecture is proposed for decoding partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) signals. The Viterbi decoder is an error correcting method utilizing the dynamic programming which is an efficient algorithm for finding the optimal path with the identical local computation performed at each node. In the previous CNN-based analog Viterbi decoder, a circularly connected cylindrical structure was presented. In this paper, a multiplexer-based cellular 2D structure is presented in which positions of its decoding and output stages are fixed and a multiplexer which distributes input data sequence to appropriate CNN trellis stages is employed. The proposed CNN-based Viterbi decoder is simpler, requires less silicon area, higher speed and has better performance than the previous one. The principle of the new architecture is uncovered and its decoding performance is compared with that of the previous architecture in this paper.


A new record of Chimaera cubana is described from San Andres Archipelago (Colombia), western Caribbean Sea. This record provides evidence of a more extensive distribution of C. cubana in the western central Atlantic. Morphometric data are given.


This volume comprises a celebratory collection of articles presented to Seamus Mac Mathuna on the occasion of his 75th birthday and launched at the 17th International Symposium of Societas Celtolog ...


Abstract. In this study, a stitching method other than soft edge (SE) and smart boundary (SB) is introduced and benchmarked against SE. The method is based on locally enhanced exposure latitude without throughput cost, making use of the fact that the two beams that pass through the stitching region can deposit up to 2× the nominal dose. The method requires a complex proximity effect correction that takes a preset stitching dose profile into account. Although the principle of the presented stitching method can be multibeam (lithography) systems in general, in this study, the MAPPER FLX 1200 tool is specifically considered. For the latter tool at a metal clip at minimum half-pitch of 32 nm, the stitching method effectively mitigates beam-to-beam (B2B) position errors such that they do not induce an increase in critical dimension uniformity (CDU). In other words, the same CDU can be realized inside the stitching region as outside the stitching region. For the SE method, the CDU inside is 0.3 nm higher than outside the stitching region. A 5-nm direct overlay impact from the B2B position errors cannot be reduced by a stitching strategy.


The mechanism of the color reaction of deoxycorticosterone (1) with sulfuric acid was elucidated. Two rearranged products, 13ξ(or 14ξ)-hydroxy-17β-methyl-18-nor-13ξ, 14ξ, 17α-pregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione (4) and 17β-methyl-18-nor-17α-pregna-4, 13-diene-3, 20-dione (5), were isolated from the reaction mixture of 1 with 97% sulfuric acid at room temperature in 46 and 32% yields, respectively. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-HMR) spectra of 97% sulfuric acid solutions of 1, 4 and 5 revealed that they are present in the acid as the diprotonated form (7) of 5, showing an absorption maximum at 288 nm. The acid solution of 7 was heated for 90 min at 60°C to give two intermediary species (x-372 and x-436) showing maxiama at 372 and 436 nm, respectively. Dilution of the mixture with ethanol reduced these species and produced a new chromophore (x-600) showing a maximum at 600 nm. From the diluted solution, 17-isopropyl-18-norandrosta-4, 6, 8(14), 13(17)-tetraen-3-one (13) was isolated in 13% yield. Dissolution of 13 in a 2 : 3 mixture of sulfuric acid and ethanol immediately gave x-600, which was identified from its 1H-NMR data as the steroidal carbocation (14) having a hydroxyalkatetraenyl cation moiety. On the other hand, dissolution of 13 in 90% sulfuric acid gave x-372, which was shown to be in acid-base equilibrium with x-600. x-372 was also identified from its 1H-NMR data as the dication (15) having a hydroxyalkenyl cation moiety in ring A and an Alkadienyl cation moiety across rings B, C and D.


The paper addresses handoff management in a multifrequency code-division multiple-access system with nonuniform traffic loads over cells. We propose a new handoff scheme, adaptive handoff management (AHM), in which the intercell hard handoffs, which not only incur an equipment cost burden but also degrade call quality, are totally removed. Also strengthened in the AHM is the call-control capability of adaptively reflecting a changing traffic environment. Traffic and mobility analysis is first conducted on a single isolated cell with two concentric circle boundaries, thereby rendering two key performance measures. We then formulate a mathematical problem of finding the optimal parameters of the proposed AHM in which intracell hard handoffs are exploited most effectively. After reporting a simple solution process, computational experiments are conducted to illustrate the superiority of AHM in two key performance criteria.


In this paper, we propose a user-adaptive video summarization system which accounts for individual preferences by analyzing contents of the user's personal photo library. Nowadays, it is common practice for people to keep thousands of photos in their PCs, taken with their digital cameras. Due to the similarities in characteristics between video and still photos, we assume that these libraries can be used to infer each user's preferences on video summarization. The system uses image classification techniques to determine which sections of the movie are "important" to the user, and performs summarization by cutting off sections regarded as unimportant, while taking care not to overly disrupt the continuity of the video. We have implemented a prototype of the system, and conducted a series of evaluation tests to assess its effectiveness. The results show that our overall approach has the potential to serve as a powerful automatic/semi-automatic video summarization solution.


Entrepreneurs are the backbone and enterprises are the barometer of the economy. Entrepreneurs transform the abstract ideas into tangible products or intangible services. To give physical shape to ideas risk capital is required. Innovation and finance are inextricably linked (Sharpe, 2009). The sources of finance for innovative enterprises encompass a variety of mechanisms of equity provision as well as a broad range of public and private investors (Mina, 2009). Venture capital (VC) is highly upgraded concept when compared to conventional sources of finance. It is an appreciated source of finance by either high technology oriented firms or inventive firms. Bygrave and Timmons 1992; Gompers and Lerner 2004; De Clercq, Fried et al. 2006 explains that inventive firms require significant investments, business advice as well as risk capital. Existing VCs have failed to up bring, support and commercialize the inventions proposed by rural grassroots inventors- the people at the bottom of the pyramid. Neglect of prominent venture capitalists in field of funding the grassroots rural invention is underlined in the paper. Paper is concluded with the genesis of novel concept, its need, importance and emergence of Micro Venture Capital Finance (MVCF). The method to fill the void or lacunae existing in terms of non-availability of venture capital at grassroots level, by existing venture capitalists or new breed of venture capitalists (MVCF) are exhaustively discussed in the paper.


A guide to library resources (online and in print) for Prof. R. de Anda's CHLA 450U class. Databases and search tips for identifying published literature on a topic


Two-phase flow problems are presented using the method of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The combination of meshless and lagrangian nature inherent in the SPH method offers the advantages in treating large deformations, large inhomogeneities and tracing interfaces in the two-phase flow process. Two cases are solved using a SPH code developed at ACES. It is found that major physics of the two-phase flow such as shape and location can be well captured in the simulation. Two-phase SPH method presented in this paper can be easily extended to deal with many other problems of two-phase flow if simulation control parameters such as input condition, boundary condition and corresponding equation of state etc. are defined properly.


Mobile technology services are growing very fast in different countries while it is relatively slow in others. This study tries to understand the factors that contribute to the use intention of these mobile value added services (MVAS) in Bangladesh. Drawing from the Technology Acceptance Model, this study develops a model for consumers' use acceptance towards mobile values added services. Based on a sample of 230 Bangladeshi consumers' survey, the main factors of use intention towards MVAS are perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social influence, perceived risk, and perceived enjoyment. This study also finds that among different MVAS internet browsing, and MMS and SMS services are more popular use than others with different interest among different gender, age, and occupation. Overall findings of this study provide some contribution to the researchers in the area of mobile commerce and some assistance to practitioners in articulating better strategies to retain current MVAS users as well as potential customers.


On-going work to improve the Teanlowe Centre car park in Poulton will result in the unavoidable and temporary loss of some disabled spaces next week.


Through the study of the making of infant nutrimental beverage with L_(16)(45) experiment we get the result that: the optimum formula of vegetable juice are:carrot juice:tomato juice:pumpkin juice:sweet potato leaf juice:kelp juice was 30:15:7:2:1.The beverage formula was vegetable juice 55%,sugar 6%,citric acid 0.3%,stability 0.6%. sterilization condition:80℃~90 ℃ 15min. The experiment shows that it has the higest stability when using 0.6% stability preparation and the beverage has the highest stability and best color and flavour when it is sterilized for 15 minutes in the temperature of 80~90 ℃ under the usual pressure.


The effect of roasting on the oxidative stability of oil from walnut (Juglans sinensis Dode) was investigated by observing changes in the characteristics of oils from unroasted and roasted kernels during storage in the dark at 60°C. Walnut kernels were roasted at 160°C for 15 min prior to oil extraction with the solvent, hexane. Roasting of kernels increased the peroxide value (POV) and conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) value of the oil. The rate of increase in the POV was significantly lower in roasted than in the unroasted walnut oil during storage at 60°C (1.90 vs. 1.06 and 4.45 vs. 3.55 meq/kg/day during induction period (IP) and post-IP, respectively). Roasting of kernels significantly increased the IP of walnut oil from 0.89 to 3.39 days during storage. The total tocopherol content in roasted walnut oil was lower as compared to that in unroasted one (277.77 vs. 314.88 µg/g). However, the rate of degradation of total tocopherol during storage was lower in roasted walnut oil compared to unroasted one (1.18 vs. 2.17%/day), which showed that the tocopherol retention was higher in roasted walnut oil. These results indicate that roasting of kernels increased the oxidative and tocopherol stability of oil during storage in the dark.


A rear view of some of the terraces at the northern end of Royal Terrace, 50-68 Nicholson Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne. Other buildings, possibly in Little Marion Street or Royal Lane, are visible in the foreground. John Lockyer O Brien (1905 1965) was an historian at the University. His collection of about 4,000 photographs was taken in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Many of them capture the architecture and streetscapes of inner-city Melbourne when the area was in transition between its then 19th century topography and working-class status prior to large-scale demolitions to made way for the construction of the Housing Commission high-rise blocks, and middle-class migration back to the inner-city and subsequent renovation and gentrification of its housing. He was also interested in the early architecture of country Victoria and photographed 19th century homesteads, hotels, churches, banks, railway stations, as well as humbler buildings. He and his wife Laurie owned and resided in a double-storey Georgian-style bluestone house in Hanover Street, Fitzroy.
Previous Control Number: UMA/I/6766
Previous Control Number: BWP/25403


1. Both in human subjects and monkeys, the tonic vibration reflex, TVR, was observed during vibratory stimulation of the muscle. In the latter, TVR reaches its maximum soon after vibratory application.2. In the monkey, unitary EMG was recorded during vibratory stimulation and nonsequential interspike interval histograms were obtained. Intervals of unitary EMG were shown to occur on the principle of integer multiplication of the vibratory cyclic time.3. A gradual increase or decrease of TVR during vibratory stimulation in the human subject or the monkey is effected by the EMG discharges of shorter or longer firing intervals which occur on this principle.4. Both in human subjects and monkeys, the TVR becomes larger with the higher range of vibratory frequency. Beyond a certain vibratory frequency the TVR shows a gradual decrease. The relationship between the TVR and the vibratory frequency was called the TVR-f relation. There is an optimal frequency of vibratory stimulation for producing the largest TVR tension.5. The size of the reflex tension from TVR-f relation depends on the discharge frequency of the unitary EMG, which occurs according to the principle of the integer multiplication of original vibratory cyclic time.


Background B is a well known neurotoxic agent and has been shown to affect neurotransmitter metabolism in nerve terminals. However, the level and mechanism of such effects are not clear. Here we show for the first time that B directly affects neurotransmitter metabolism in isolated PV. Materials and methods PV were isolated from rat brains by centrifugation in sucrose gradients. PV (0.02 mg protein) were preincubated for 15 min at 30°C +/- B (0-100 μM), followed by addition of either 1 mM L-[3H]G or 83 nM [3H]D with 2 mM ATP. Incubation was continued for 3 min and stopped by adding ice-cold 0.15 M KCl, followed by filtration through Millipore HAWP filters. These were washed again x2 with 0.15 M KCl before scintillation counting. Effects on Δ-pH were investigated by measuring the uptake of [14C]methylamine in the presence of 4 mM MgSO4, 140 mM KCl, 25 μM methylamine, 20 μg PV protein, and 2 mM ATP. After incubation for 2-10 min at 30 or 0°C (+/- 100μM B), the reaction was stopped by adding 0.15 M ice-cold KCl. Non-specific uptake of methylamine was measured by adding 200 nM of the specific ATPase inhibitor Bafilomycin A. Results B inhibited vesicular uptake of both G and D starting at 75 μM B (p<0.01). The uptake of methylamine was not affected by B (results not shown). The effects of B on PV uptake of neurotransmitters disappeared when the amount of protein in the incubate was quadroupled. Discussion PV uptake of neurotransmitters occurs through transport proteins in the vesicular membrane, and is driven either byΔ-pH (D) or the membrane potential (G). The near identical effects of B on the uptake of these transmitters argues against direct effects on the membrane potential. The lack of B effects on methylamine uptake suggests that neither uncoupling of protons nor inhibition of ATPase are likely mechanisms for the B effect. Our data are therefore compatible with an interaction between B and transport proteins in the PV membrane. The ability to block B effects by increasing the protein:B ratio supports this interpretation.


Monitoring grid assets continuously is critical in ensuring the reliable operation of the electricity grid system and improving its resilience in case of a defect. In light of several asset monitoring techniques in use, power line communication (PLC) enables a low-cost cable diagnostics solution by re-using smart grid data communication modems to also infer the cable health using the inherently estimated communication channel state information. Traditional PLC-based cable diagnostics solutions are dependent on prior knowledge of the cable type, network topology, and/or characteristics of the anomalies. In contrast, we develop an asset monitoring technique in this paper that can detect various types of anomalies in the grid without any prior domain knowledge. To this end, we design a solution that first uses time-series forecasting to predict the PLC channel state information at any given point in time based on its historical data. Under the assumption that the prediction error follows a Gaussian distribution, we then perform chi-squared statistical test to determine the significance level of the resultant Mahalanobis distance to build our anomaly detector. We demonstrate the effectiveness and universality of our solution via evaluations conducted using both synthetic and real-world data extracted from lowand medium-voltage distribution networks.


The high demand for electrical consumption with current supply corresponds to the high cost of electricity bills. This factor is compounded by the fact that many electric generators in Indonesia still use fossil fuels, which contributes to the high basic generation cost. UBL is one of the universities that aim to be a green campus. One of the efforts to lower energy demand in consumer side is to use the electricity efficiently, such as turning off lights in a room when it's not in use. This method can be simply done by turning the light switches for office and classrooms, but difficult to do in public spaces such as toilets and corridors. Automatic light switches experimentally installed in sample toilet room prove that electricity consumption from the lamps can contribute to 63% reduction from the total weekly energy that translates into 10.95 tons/year of Green House Gas emission reduction.


Multilevel interior nanoporous CuCo2O4 microspheres have been for the first time developed using a facile self-templated method. Electrochemical results in three- and two-electrode systems show that the double-shelled hollow microsphere electrode is a promising candidate for high-performance supercapacitors.


The largest neotropical group of mayflies are the Atalophlebiinae; their nymphs are commonly considered as scrapers, feeding on the biofilm. Images obtained with a VHS camera coupled to a stereomicroscope were used for a better understanding of their feeding. Some genera scrape, e.g. Massartella, Thraulodes and Farrodes, others filter, in spite of their lack of specialized structures, e.g. Ulmeritoides and Farrodes. In Hermanella, filtering was the only mechanism observed. A good part of the time is used to remove particles from the bristles; that retentionremoval process we also call filtering. To consider the Atalophlebiinae as scrapers is vague, for they may present two types of filtering, one occasional, as in Farrodes and Ulmeritus, the other obligatory, as in Hermanella. The morphological differences of the strategies lie chiefly in the bristles, long and loose in filterers, close-packed and rigid in scrapers. Feeding strategies of other species are suggested.


The paper discusses the development of the hybrid university library on the example of New Bulgarian University. It presents the various opportunities, which the physical and virtual space of the library provides to the users. The virtual environment is analyzed on the basis of a number of empirical data. Important tendencies in the behavior of the different audiences towards the uses of the virtual space are enlightened.


Abstract. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) is a key pasture legume across southern Australia and elsewhere. Decline in subterranean clover pastures was first recognised in Australia during the 1960s and manifests as an increase in weeds and a decrease in desirable legume species. While both root disease and poor nutrition contribute to subterranean clover pasture decline, the relationships between root disease and nutrition have not been determined. The objective of this study was to define these relationships. Field experiments were undertaken to determine the nutritional and pathogen status of soils and subterranean clover from three Western Australian field sites. Subsequently, controlled environment experiments were undertaken to determine the relative severities of tap and lateral root disease and growth of plants when soil cores taken from these three field sites were amended with a complete nutrient solution or a range of individual macro- or micronutrient treatments. Application of a 'Hoaglands' complete nutrient solution decreased the severity of tap root disease by an average of 45% and lateral root disease by 32%. Amendment with K alone reduced the severity of tap root disease an average of 32%; while the application of N alone reduced the severity of tap root disease by 33% and lateral root disease by 27%. Application of Hoaglands, K, N or Zn increased shoot and root dry weight, while Mo only increased shoot dry weight. This is the first report to show that mineral nutrients can substantially ameliorate root disease in subterranean clover. The results demonstrate that while root disease limits plant growth, improvement in the nutritional status of nutrient-impoverished soils can significantly reduce root disease. There is significant potential to incorporate nutrient amendments into an integrated and more sustainable approach to better manage root disease and to increase productivity of pasture legumes where soils are inherently nutrient deficient in one or more nutrients.


This paper brings a detailed characterization including the geographical distribution of four Puccinia and one Uromyces species. According to the results Puccinia lantanae was found on Lippia alba; P. leonotidicola on Leonotis nepetaefolia; P. menthae on Mentha spp. and Mentha arvensis; P. porophylli on Porophyllum ruderale and Uromyces platensis on Pfaffia glomerata.


Acoustic support on auditorium stages is conventionally quantified using the stage support parameters (e.g., ISO3382-1). These parameters are derived from room impulse responses measured between an omnidirectional source and receiver. For early stage support (STEarly), the source and receiver are horizontally separated by 1 m, and the degree of support is represented as an energy ratio between early reflections (20-100 ms) and the direct sound (010 ms). The project described by this paper introduces two modifications: firstly, the source and receiver are colocated (or at least, concentric); and secondly, the source and receiver can both be resolved into higher order spherical harmonics (enabling detailed spatial analysis). This concept has been realised within room acoustical modelling software, as well as in a prototype transducer array for room acoustics measurement. This paper describes the methods used to achieve modelling and measurement in this way, provides examples of such work, and outlines the potential practical benefits of spatial analysis of the acoustic response around a point on stage.


In this paper the design principles of non coaxial ellipsoidal mirror are described and the computation formulas are derived.Its application to optical therapeutic instruments using photodynamic effect is studied.


Restructuring in Russia

Sergei Vasiliev

This paper reviews the debate about economic reform in Russia. It argues that the state is unable to play a strong role because its apparatus is weak and corrupt, and because it does not have superior information to the private sector. In fact, where it is allowed to do so, the private sector is flourishing in response to internal and external market demand. The paper documents the changing economic structure and draws lessons from the policy mistakes of the first two years of reform. It shows that firms that were either subsidized or protected from external competition, mainly through a vastly undervalued currency, have failed to restructure themselves. Finally, it is argued that the defence industry has nearly completed its reconversion, scaling down and shifting to other activities, even though a redirection through fresh investment has yet to happen. Policy recommendations include a clean-up of balance sheets in the banking sector, possibly with state guarantees.


This paper describes the related contents about software configuration management, and presents a method for the multi-level implementation of software configuration management. This method has achieved good results in practice.


This study examines how racial contexts relate to Americans' opinion toward immigration. Survey data analysis reveals that racial surroundings correspond to public attitudes differently, depending on race and geographic unit. For non-Hispanic white Americans, proximity to Asians correlates with positive attitudes toward immigrants, whereas those living with Hispanics are more likely to harbor negative stereotypes. Conversely, African Americans living with Asians are more likely to be prejudiced against immigrants. Furthermore, the positive effects of racial contexts are more salient in the neighborhoods than in larger areas. These findings suggest the significance of racial integration in alleviating interethnic tension.


ABSTRACT:Alvin Goldman's paper "What Is Justified Belief" and his book Epistemology and Cognition pioneered reliabilist theories of epistemic justifiedness. In light of counterexamples to necessity (demon worlds, brains-in-vats) and counterexamples to sufficiency (Norman the clairvoyant, Mr. Truetemp), Goldman has offered a number of refinements and modifications. This paper focuses on those refinements that relativize the justification conferring force of a belief-forming process to its reliably producing a high ratio of true beliefs over falsehoods in special circumstances: reliability in the actual world, in normal worlds, and in nonmanipulated environments. This paper argues that Goldman's refinements fall short and suggests instead the relativization to reliability in normal circumstances. Normal circumstances are those where the belief-forming process acquired the etiological function of reliably inducing true beliefs. This theory invites the Swampman objection. Two lines of response are pursued.


Targets detection and segmentation in a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image is a vital step for its interpretation. It is quite challenging for most conventional methods due to complex background and the speckle. Furthermore, the sizes of targets in a scene are variable. Inspired by the success of neural networks in computer vision, In this paper, we propose a 3D dilated multi-scale U-shape convolutional neural network (3DDM-UNet). In the proposed method, we first build a 3D image block via a multiscale stationary wavelet transform to exploit the structural information of targets with various sizes. Then, the built 3D image block is fed into a 3D dilated multiscale U-Net. To train the proposed network, we build a dataset from a scene of SAR image with various sizes and shapes of ship targets. Finally, the trained network is employed to the testing set to obtain the segmentation results. Experimental results on test images show that the proposed method achieved better performance than conventional methods.


The reorganization of social life during the COVID-19 pandemic does not imply a break in the organization of the world; rather it sharpens some of its traits and tendencies. In this interpretive essay, I examine two short phrases that have worked as part of the slogans in campaigns to reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV2 virus: social distancing and Susana Distancia. I contrast the sentences in terms of their formal properties and the images that they evoke, I discuss their implications and the conditions that give them meaning. While social distancing can be understood as an abstract and prescriptive action under the image of a circle or sphere, Susana Distancia appears as a particularized noun, agent and body that provides care and separates.


The North Pole is rich with oil-gas resources and has significant strategic value. Since the entering 21 century and the quickening of global climate warming, the strategic position of the North Pole become more and more important, fight for resources in the North Pole by some countries become more and more intense. From the angle of strategic thought, China must not stand by with folded arms, but should work out a strategic plan, determine different stages and the targets of different stages, take relevant measures for safeguarding national interests.


Verilog HDL was a breakthrough for the hardware design community in 1986. Over the years, the methodology based on the Verilog HDL has been extended with utilities and enhancements. With 0.25- and 0.18 µ processes enabling a system to be packed onto a single integrated circuit (IC), design problems have surfaced that no one could have predicted 13 years ago. As a result, several new design language proposals have been introduced since the last Design Automation Conference (DAC), all claiming to aid system-on-chip (SOC) design. Several claim to improve the designer's ability to efficiently create, implement, and verify SOC designs from architectural specification through functional implementation.
The panel, comprised of experienced designers and representatives of organizations submitting design language proposals, will debate the various proposals and will try to identify what future trend will accelerate system design.
Questions and issues to be considered include:What's in store for the future — C, Java, Superlog, HDL or SLDL?
A comparison of modeling, gate-level and behavioral simulation capabilities of a new design language to current languages/tools/methods
A comparison of the software development capabilities of a new design language to current languages/tools/methods

A review of the projected design environment of a new design language to current languages/tools/methods.


A jacketed bend for a tubular loop reactor and a tubular loop reactor. The jacketed bend comprises an internal bend and an external jacket, wherein the external jacket is disposed outside the internal bend and the internal bend forms a jacketed clearance with the external jacket. The tubular loop reactor comprises straight casing pipes, jacket communicating pipes, bends and erection supports, wherein the straight casing pipes comprise inner pipes and outer pipes; the ends of the bends form series connection with the ends of the inner pipes successively to form communicating runners which are used for the delivery and reaction of reaction mass; jacket runners are formed between the inner pipes and the outer pipes; the jacket communicating pipes are connected with the outer pipes so as to stall the jacket runners in series to form communicating runners which are used for the delivery of cooling medium; the erection supports are mounted on the outer pipes; bends are the jacketed bends for the above tubular loop reactor; bend-jacket communicating pipes are also arranged and connected with the external jacket so as to stall the jacketed clearance in series to form communicating runners which are used for the delivery of cooling medium. By the adoption of the above jacketed bend for the tubular loop reactor, the tubular loop reactor provided by the invention is characterized by increasing the heat transfer area and improving the heat exchange effect.


Continuation of an active call is of prime importance in the cellular systems. In this paper a new approach has been designed to maximize handover success rate (HOSR) and voice quality for a GSM cellular network both related to customer satisfaction and performance of cellular operator which enhances revenue of the company. Initially, an effective frequency planning is done for GSM 1800 MHz BTS (base transreceiver station) sites, where a set of BCCH frequency (broad cast channel) - BSIC (base station identity code), MAL frequency (mobile allocation list) with MAIO (mobile allocation index offset) and HSN (hopping sequence no) is used. Afterwards to improve handover, neighbor list verification is done and unnecessary neighbors are deleted. Neighbors define within the first tear of base cell with the help of commercial tool. Handover reversions and ping pong cases also minimize via frequency check and physical optimization. We found our results with the help of Google Earth and simulation software to practically implement these changed values in the mobile industry field. Overall, reversions have been minimized for BTS sites and in addition to that, we have expanded our work for 93 sites of a city in India. Results are promising with overall HOSR (handover success rate) in NBH (national busy hour) is improved by 11 % and during BBH (bouncing busy hour) HOSR ≥ 95 % improved by 12 % in comparison of previous frequency plan. Additionally, we have found that voice quality samples in DL (downlink) and UL (uplink) are also improved. In NBH period DL RX (receiver) quality samples (0-5) improved by 8% and UL RX quality samples (0-5) improved by 2% over previous quality samples. During BBH Period DL RX quality samples (0-5) ≥ 95 % improved by 17% and UL RX quality samples (0-5) ≥ 95 % improved by 14%.


The paper reports the analysis and contrasts between the centralized heating gas fired boiler and electrothermal boiler through construction investment, annual operating expenses, automation degree, security, environment protection.


We report for the first time the transition from rings to spots with squared/hexagonal symmetry in a periodic precipitation system, which consists of sulfide/hydroxide ions diffusing into a gel matrix containing dissolved cadmium(II) ions. A phase diagram delineating the onset of the transition and the regions of various patterns is presented. The transition threshold, wavelength, and size of the resulting spots are shown to be controllable by adjusting the initial concentrations of the diffusing electrolytes. A scenario analogous to spinodal decomposition using the Cahn–Hilliard equation is shown to capture the experimental results.


In the evaluation of air combat effectiveness,the accurate evaluation of the lethal effect of air to air missiles is an important aspect.In present evaluating models,only the influence of missile characteristics and miss-distances on lethal effect is considered,and the vulnerability of target aircrafts is neglected.A kind of advanced lethal effect model is considered for the vulnerability of target aircrafts,and the influence of the variation of vulnerable area on the probability of being killed of target aircrafts was studied.The result shows that the evaluation model of lethal effect for air to air missiles comprehensively considering characteristics,miss distance and vulnerability of target aircrafts,accords with reality.


To assess the understanding of patients, who had previously undergone radical prostatectomy (RP), about their postoperative sexual function, as clinical experience suggests that some RP patients have unrealistic expectations about their long‐term sexual function.


The paper deals with the question of what a possible and potentially possible syllable is in Czech. Possible syllables are such phoneme combinations that are directly attested, and potentially possible syllables are unattested phoneme combinations that are not in contraction with any structural rule valid for directly attested combinations. The paper describes the structure of attested syllables on the so-called distributional unit which can be used for calculating potentially possible syllables. The procedure and its output are presented with examples.


Disturbances from the utility grid including voltage sags,harmonics and the grid impedance will affect the LCL-filter-based grid-connected inverter's connecting to the grid.A repetitive-based controller with dual close-loop and feedforward for single-phase system was proposed.In this method,although could not eliminate the effects of harmonics,the dual close-loop control with feedforward could limit the resonance peak of the LCL filter and bring high gain and rapid response.Meanwhile,the repetitive control could provide the system with the ability to attenuate grid harmonics and good robustness.Additionally,the repetitive controller was also easy to design.Simulation results proved that the grid current quality can satisfy the standard under the condition of different grid disturbances.


Social psychological research has given scant attention to the portrayal of Black females in the media. The powerful impact of the media on attitudes and behaviors point to the importance of considering how frequently, and in what ways, minority females are presented in the media. In this research we examined the frequency and portrayal of Black females in the advertisements of leading fashion magazines from 1986-1988. The findings indicated that: 1) Black females appear infrequently in fashion adverstisements, compared to their percentage in the general population, and compared to the readership of fashion magazines. 2) Black females are more likely to appear in full-body view than in .ace -only view, and are more likely to appear in clothing ads than in make-up/skin care ads. These findings suggest that advertisers present Black females at a "distance," either to avoid associating the product with Blacks, or because Black facial features do not match White standards of facial beauty. Implications of the infrequent use of Black females in fashion advertising are discussed in terms of the self-concepts of Black women.


The 4.0 industrial revolution requires humans to possess 21st century skills. Education should be able to prepare students to have 21st century skills to be successful in their life. In addition, the geographical condition of Indonesia is a disaster-prone region. For this reason, teaching should be able to develop student literacy to face the challenges of the industrial revolution 4.0 and the geographical condition of the Indonesian region. The thematic science teaching is relevant to 21st century skills, essential principles of 21st century learning, and the geographical condition of Indonesia. But the real conditions show that the integration of literacy in science teaching is still lacking and limited. A solution to solve this problem is the assistance program the development of thematic learning material by integrating new literacy and disaster literacy for science teachers in junior high school. The objective of the research is to investigate the results of the assistance program the development of thematic learning material. Participants of program assistance were 30 science teachers who were members of the Science MGMP in East Agam district. The instrument for collecting data consisted of pretest and posttest and questionnaire sheet. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics analysis and wilcoxon signed rank test. Based on the results of data analysis can be stated that: 1). in the assistance program activities for the development of thematic science teaching material can be produced 26 teaching materials in the form of student worksheet by integrating new literacy and disaster literacy, 2). the average value of the practicality of using thematic science worksheet according to students in two junior high schools is 86.41 so that this average value can be classified into very good category, 3). the average value of participant responses to the implementation of the assistance program is 85.65 and this average value can be entered into very good category, and 4). the assistance program for developing learning material by integrating new literacy and disaster literacy is effective to improve knowledge of science teachers about data literacy, technological literacy, human literacy, and disaster literacy.


The detailed dependence of surface state density on crystallographic orientation was determined by measuring the ac metal‐oxide‐semiconductor conductance on the surface of a thermally oxidized single‐crystal silicon hemisphere. It was found that the 〈111〉 poles are located at maxima, the 〈100〉 poles at minima, and the 〈110〉 poles at saddle points in the surface state density distribution. The symmetry of the surface state density distribution is generally similar to that of the ``fixed'' interface charge density, but differences are noted in the vicinity of the 〈100〉 directions.


Sex, Gender and the (Criminal) Bodies of Men Sex, Gender and the (Criminal) Bodies of Men Boys' Own Stories? Law, Criminology and (Un)Sexy Bodies The 'Trouble with Boys'? The Child, the Social and the Dangerous Other 'A Lonely Man with a Passion for Guns' Crime, Community and the Heterosexualized Body Absent Fathers, Criminal Sons and Straight Men The Heterosexual Family and the Family of Crime Concluding Remarks 'Taking Masculinity Seriously'? Theory, Practice and the (Hetero)Sexing of Criminology


In the mental framework of analyzing the problem carefully,by searching the data at home and aboard and using the induction,we want to make a intuitive introduction on tennis special training monitoring research and then establish a complete train monitoring system.The results showed that there is no comprehensive study on the tennis special training monitoring at present,while it is need to be solved urgently in the modern tennis program special training.To promote scientific special training for tennis,it is a necessary that to establish the complete Train monitoring system.And the detailed and accurate train monitoring system need to be explored constantly based on the theory and practice.


The pressure of interstellar pickup protons in the distant heliosphere can be determined by analyzing pressure-balanced structures, observed on a scale of a few hundredths of an AU. This paper extends the earlier work of L. F. Burlaga et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 21,511, 1994) by analyzing pressure-balanced structures observed by Voyager 2 from 39.3 to 40.6 AU in 1993 and from 42.6 to 43.2 AU during 1994. The pickup proton temperature is high in the region of the distant heliosphere that we considered: (5.4 ± 0.1) × 106 K at 39–41 AU and (6.0 ± 0.4) × 106 K at ≈43 AU. The density of the pickup protons is (1.6 ± 0.3) × 10−4 cm−3 at 39–41 AU and (1.2 ± 0.2) × 10−4 cm−3 at ≈43 AU. The ratio of the pickup proton density to the solar wind proton density (Ni/N) is small, only 0.03 ± 0.01 during both 1993 and 1994. Nevertheless, the pickup proton pressures are relatively high because of their high temperatures. The pickup proton pressure was (11 ± 2) × 10−14 erg cm−3 at 39–41 AU and (9 ± 1) × 10−14 erg cm−3 at 43 AU. There is a possible decrease in Pi with increasing distance from the Sun. The pickup proton pressure is an order of magnitude greater than the solar wind proton pressure: Pi/Pswp = 10 ± 2 at 39–41 AU and 8 ± 2 at 43 AU. Our results support the hypothesis of Burlaga et al. that the pickup proton pressure is more important than the solar wind thermal pressure in the dynamics of the distant heliosphere. The ratio of the pickup ion pressure to the magnetic pressure is Pi/(B2/8π) = 1.7 ± 0.3 at 39–41 AU and 1.7 ± 0.72 at ≈43 AU. These results are compared with a model.


The disposal status of FRP wastes at home and abroad is introduced and some suggestion is also reised in this paper.


Some gamblers use a martingale or doubling strategy as a way of improving their chances of winning. This paper derives important formulas for the martingale strategy, such as the distribution, the expected value, the standard deviation of the profit, the risk of a loss or the expected bet of one or multiple martingale rounds. A computer simulation study with R of the doubling strategy is presented. The results of doubling to gambling with a constant sized bet on simple chances (red or black numbers, even or odd numbers, and low (1–18) or high (19–36) numbers) and on single numbers (straight bets) are compared. In the long run, a loss is inevitable because of the negative expected value. The martingale strategy and the constant bet strategy on a single number are riskier than the constant bet strategy on a simple chance. This higher risk leads, however, to a higher chance of a positive profit in the short term. But on the other hand, higher risk means that the losses suffered by doublers and by single number bettors are much greater than that suffered by constant bettors.


The personal development of professional counselors and supervisees is an important objective of counselor education programs and the counseling profession (Myers, Mobley, & Booth, 2003). Lawson (2007) asserted that "counselors who are unwell (stressed, distressed, or impaired) will not be able to offer the highest level of counseling services to their clients, and they are likely to begin experiencing a degradation of their quality of life in other domains as well (physical, social, emotional, spiritual, etc.)" (p. 20). The belief that a professional counselor's personal development is an important factor is also represented in the various ethical codes of the profession (e.g., American Counseling Association [ACA], 2005, Code of Ethics) and the standards for counseling programs (e.g., Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs [CACREP] 2009 Standards). Despite the perspective that unwell, impaired, or stressed professional counselors and supervisees may influence the quality of their counseling services, few studies have investigated how personal characteristics of supervisees are related to their relationships with clients and supervisors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between stress and specific types of coping resources using a conceptually and empirically sound way of viewing relationships formed with clients--the working alliance (Bordin, 1979)--and relationships formed with supervisors--the supervisory working alliance (Bordin, 1983)--from the perspective of the supervisee. * The Working Alliance and the Supervisory Working Alliance There is a tremendous body of empirical research made up of more than 1,000 research studies (Orlinsky, Ronnestad, & Willutzki, 2004) demonstrating that a strong working alliance is one of the best predictors of a successful counseling outcome for clients (Bussed & Tyler, 2003; Horvath & Bedi, 2002; D. J. Martin, Garske, & Davis, 2000). For Bordin (1979), the working alliance comprised three key components: (a) tasks, the in-counseling behaviors and techniques that make up the counseling process; (b) bonds, the personal attachment between them; and (c) goals, the agreement on the outcome and interventions used during counseling. Bordin (1979) noted that the "strength of the working alliance was a function of the closeness of fit between the demands of the particular kind of working alliance and the personal characteristics of patient and therapist" (p. 253). He argued that factors such as personal struggles and neurotic dispositions influence counselor performance and, thus, the working alliance should be investigated. Consistent with Bordin's assertion, Briggs and Munley (2008) found that a diverse sample of mental health practitioners who reported high levels of stress (i.e., personal struggles) and insufficient ability to cope had difficulty developing strong working alliances with their clients. Similar to the working alliance, the supervisory working alliance comprises three components: goals, tasks, and bonds (Bordin, 1983). The supervisory working alliance also has been extensively studied and linked to various supervisee outcomes (Efstation, Patton, & Kardash, 1990; Lehrman-Waterman & Ladany, 2001; Sterner, 2009) and various characteristics of the supervisor and supervisee (Chen& Bernstein, 2000; Cooper & Ng, 2009). Bordin (1983) outlined eight goals, two of which (i.e., self-awareness and working through personal obstacles) are focused on a supervisee's personal development and can conceptually include a supervisee's level of stress and ability to cope. Self-awareness has a direct influence on the counseling process and can assist a supervisee in understanding "his or her own feelings and what impact they may be having on the change process" (Bordin, 1983, p. 37). Bordin further articulated that the goal of supervision may focus on working through personal obstacles when a supervisee's personal conflicts hinder the change process. …


Software verification and validation (V&V) aims at determining that the software requirements are implemented correctly and completely with respect to the system specifications. V&V helps in ensuring that the system functions are reliable and maintainable. Moreover, it may assist in assuring appropriate reuse of software. V&V is conducted throughout the software planning. development and maintenance phases. This paper presents guidelines for conducting V&V of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS).


Carbimazole (CBZ) is one of the major drugs currently used for the treatment of Graves' disease. It is a carbethoxy derivative of methimazole (MMI), originally developed in the hope of obtaining a longer acting drug than methimazole. In the present study we have demonstrated that carbimazole is rapidly converted to methimazole in vitro by serum from rats and humans, and we have obtained evidence that this conversion is enzymatic. Experiments with [35S] CBZ in rats showed that the drug is so rapidly transformed to MMI after i.v. injection (within 3 min) that very little of the unchanged drug would be expected to reach the thyroid gland. The antithyroid action of CBZ in rats, therefore, can be ascribed entirely to the MMI to which it is rapidly converted. Although no experiments were performed with human subjects in vivo, the very rapid conversion of CBZ to MMI by human serum in vitro suggests that the antithyroid action of CBZ in humans can also be attributed to MMI. The original expectation of a longer acting drug has, therefore, not been met by CBZ. On the basis of the studies reported here there appears to be no advantage in using CBZ in preference to MMI for the treatment of Graves' disease.


In Reply: I would like to thank Mourisse et al.1 for their comments on my recent editorial. It was not my intention to review the properties of each endobronchial blocker but rather to encourage all anesthesiologists to become familiar with the use of these devices as an alternative to a double-lumen tube (DLT). I appreciate Mourisse et al.'s support of this concept. The first issue raised by Mourisse et al. is the feasibility of suctioning through the lumen of the EZ-blocker. I agree that it is more effective to suction through a DLT using a suction catheter because unlike an endobronchial blocker in position, the suction catheter can be advanced and withdrawn. However, the perception that thick secretions can be suctioned through a DLT can be misleading. Suctioning through a DLT is performed using a long 10-French catheter, which is provided in the DLT kit. Figure 1 shows the three 9-French endobronchial blockers (Arndt, Cohen, Uniblocker) and the 10-French suction catheter (provided in a 37-French DLT Mallinckrodt kit; Covidien, Mansfield, MA) in cross-section to show the sizes of the lumens. There is no appreciable difference among the sizes of the lumens. The EZ-blocker has a 7.0-French lumen divided in two, which practically reduces the lumen of each individual suction channel to a bare minimum. This makes it practically impossible to remove secretions when the EZ-blocker is used. Deflating the endobronchial blocker cuff to allow passive deflation of the lung through the single-lumen tube is Searching for the Ideal Endobronchial Blocker


Background and Aims: Hemophilia is a rare autoimmune disorder caused by autoantibodies directed in the majority of the cases against clotting factor VIII (FVIII). FVIII is extracted from human plasma or engineered from mammalian cell cultures using recombinant DNA technology. In Iran, most of the used FVIII is prepared from human plasma in Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. It was seen important to estimate its stability and activity from bleeding time until product preparation.Material and Methods: In the analytical study, 60 healthy male donors (20-50 years old), 15 donors from each blood group, were selected after obtaining informed consent. Donors' blood was collected in QUADRI-PACKs and centrifuged after keeping at 24°C for 2 hours. The separated plasma was divided into three groups and incubated in the lab (22°C) for 0, 90, and 180 minutes, respectively. Then, samples were stored at -20°C for one month. Afterward, the plasma was thawed, and FVIII activity was assayed.Results: The activity of FVIII significantly (p<0.05) reduced by delay in freezing; after the time of 0 min: 134.84%±42, after 90 min: 126.88%±38, after 180 min: 120.22%±34. At all incubation times, the highest and the lowest FVIII activity were observed in A and O blood groups, respectively (p<0.05). FVIII activity was increased along with increasing age up to 35-40, but it decreased in subjects of 40-50 years old. These experiments confirmed that the longer the delay in freezing fresh frozen plasma, the greater the decrease in FVIII stability.Conclusions:. According to the results of this study, the best blood donors for FVIII product are those with blood group A in the age range of 40-35 years.


Spherical bridge bearing is a preferable bridge bearing for railway bridge with large vertical load and rotation. Recently, new sliding material called MSM(Maura Sliding Material) were developed, which has a considerably higher life-time, double as high pressure in comparison with PTFE. This new sliding material results in spherical bridge bearing with smaller dimension than the existing one. In this study, the ultimate strength analysis of the spherical bridge bearing with small dimensions by incorporating MSM was performed and its safety was checked using three dimensional finite element.


BACKGROUND
Longitudinal FEV(1) data in children with non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis (BE) are contradictory, and there are no multifactor data on the evolution of lung function and growth in this group. We longitudinally reviewed lung function and growth in children with non-CF BE and explored biologically plausible factors associated with changes in these parameters over time.

METHODS
Fifty-two children with > or = 3 years of lung function data were retrospectively reviewed. Changes in annual anthropometry and spirometry at year 3 and year 5 from baseline were analyzed. The impact of sex, age, cause, baseline FEV(1), exacerbation frequency, radiologic extent, socioeconomic status, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, and period of diagnosis was evaluated.

RESULTS
Over 3 years, the group mean forced expiratory flow midexpiratory phase percent predicted and BMI z-score improved by 3.01 (P = .04; 95% CI, 0.14-5.86) and 0.089 (P = .01; 95% CI, 0.02-0.15) per annum, respectively. FEV(1)% predicted, FVC% predicted, and height z-score all showed nonsignificant improvement. Over 5 years, there was improvement in FVC% predicted (slope 1.74; P = .001) annually, but only minor improvement in other parameters. Children with immunodeficiency and those with low baseline FEV(1) had significantly lower BMI at diagnosis. Frequency of hospitalized exacerbation and low baseline FEV(1) were the only significant predictors of change in FEV(1) over 3 years. Decline in FEV(1)% predicted was large (but nonsignificant) for each additional year in age of diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS
Spirometric and anthropometric parameters in children with non-CF BE remain stable over a 3- to 5-year follow-up period once appropriate therapy is instituted. Severe exacerbations result in accelerated lung function decline. Increased medical cognizance of children with chronic moist cough is needed for early diagnosis, better management, and improving overall outcome in BE.


Study Design. The molecular composition of the extracellular matrix in the dorsal capsules of lumbar and thoracic facet joints was analyzed immunohisto-chemically. Objectives. To determine whether the immunohistochemical profile of the lumbar joint capsule suggests a role of the capsule in limiting axial rotation of the lumbar motion segment. Summary of Background Data. During axial rotation of the lumbar vertebrae, the axis of rotation shifts toward the facet joints in the direction of rotation. Thus, the capsule of the opposing joint should become tensed and wrap around the inferior articular process. Previous studies suggest that wrap-around ligaments are fibrocartilaginous. However, thoracic joint capsules are largely shielded from such loading and should be purely fibrous. Methods. Dorsal capsules were removed from lumbar and thoracic facet joints of six adult cadavers. Specimens were immunolabeled with monoclonal antibodies for collagens, chondroitin, dermatan and keratan sulfates, versican, tenascin, aggrecan and link protein. Antibody binding was detected using the Vectastain ABC 'Elite' peroxidase kit (Vector Laboratories, Inc., Burlingame, CA). Results. Both lumbar and thoracic joint capsules immunolabelled for most glycosaminoglycans and for Type I, III and VI collagens. However, labeling for Type II collagen, chondroitin-6-sulfate, aggrecan, and link protein was restricted to lumbar capsules. Such labeling was constantly seen at entheses and occasionally in the midsubstance. Conclusions. The molecular composition of the lumbar joint capsule suggests that it acts as a fibrocartilaginous, 'wrap-around' ligament that withstands compression in addition to tension during torsional movements of the lumbar spine. It wraps around the inferior articular process as rotation occurs and limits further movement.


Previously in this journal we have reported on fundamental transverse mode selection (TMS#0) of broad area semiconductor lasers (BALs) with integrated twice-retracted 4f set-up and film-waveguide lens as the Fourier-transform element. Now we choose and report on a simpler approach for BAL-TMS#0, i.e., the use of a stable confocal longitudinal BAL resonator of length L with a transverse constriction. The absolute value of the radius R of curvature of both mirror-facets convex in one dimension (1D) is R = L = 2f with focal length f. The round trip length 2L = 4f again makes up for a Fourier-optical 4f set-up and the constriction resulting in a resonator-internal beam waist stands for a Fourier-optical low-pass spatial frequency filter. Good TMS#0 is achieved, as long as the constriction is tight enough, but filamentation is not completely suppressed.


Pelobates cultripes can be considered among those amphibians most affected by climate change in Spain. Its long larval period and predicted shorter pond hydroperiods in its temporary breeding ponds may ultimately reduce population recruitment. We conducted surveys during its breeding season 2021–2022 in order to analyse one of the last remaining urban populations in its southern limit (coastal Malaga province). We recorded a decrease in rainfall and an increase in temperature compared to previous years. Although the species shortened its larval period in comparison with that previously reported, no post–metamorphic juveniles were observed. This interruption in reproduc tion highlights the need for improved monitoring of these isolated amphibian populations as it could be an early warning sign of global changes in the Mediterranean region.


To compare the bioavailability and bioequivalence of two prasugrel formulations one as a test and the other was the standard. The study was performed according to a ra ndomized, open label, balanced , two - treatment, two - period, two - sequence, single - dose, crossover under fasting period with minimum of seven days wash - out period and was evaluated in 20(+ 2 stand by) subjects. To anal yse pharmacokinetic properties, the blood samples were drawn taken up to 36 h after dosing. Plasma concentration of prasugrel was determined using liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry method. Pharmacokinetic parameters t max, Cmax, AUC0 - t, AUC0 - ¥ , t1/2 and λz (Kel ) were tested for bioequivalence after log - transformation of data and non - parametric evaluation was done for ratios of tmax. The point estimates and 90 % confidence intervals (CI) for AUC0 - t, AUC0 - ∞, and Cmax for active metabolite (R - 138727) w ere 95 .82 - 105.18, 96.00 - 104.69 and 90.80 - 103.20 respectively. These results indicated that the two formulations of Prasugrel were bioequivalent in case of active metabolite (R - 138727 ), thus may be prescribed interchangeably.


T-bills remained over-subscribed during the week, with the overall subscription rate coming in at 140.3%, a decline from 198.3% recorded the previous week. The continued over-subscription in the primary auctions in 2019 has been attributed to improved liquidity in the market, driven by debt maturities as well as government payments. There was mixed performance, with the 91-day paper recording an increase in its subscription rates to 121.5%, from 83.4% recorded the previous week, while the 182-day and 364-day papers recorded declines in subscription to 117.1% and 170.9%, from 149.3% and 293.2%, recorded the previous week, respectively.


Colleges and universities are historic institutions in the U.S. that have sprung up since the founding of Harvard College in 1636. Though their evolution and development is quite simple, the involvement of numerous organizations and groups with philanthropy and higher education is quite complex. Utilizing resource dependency theory and institutional theory, this chapter reviews the historical, sociological, and organizational overview of the practices of philanthropy as it relates to American higher education. Two conceptual frameworks are developed and proposed by the author for teacher-scholars and advanced practitioners seeking to conduct formal research on institutional advancement in higher education. The paper argues that the fundraising professionals (e.g., board of trustees, the president, development officers) role on securing major resources and private gifts within the organization and field level is the result of coercion, imitation, and conformity to institutional rule, institutional isomorphism, and normatively based decision making in higher education. Roy Y. Chan Indiana University – Bloomington, USA Studying Philanthropy and Fundraising in the Field of Higher Education


In this paper, we consider a boundary value problem for a mixed type partial differential equation with Hilfer operator of fractional integro-differentiation in a positive rectangular domain and with spectral parameter in a negative rectangular domain. The mixed differential equation depends from another positive small parameter in mixed derivatives. The considering mixed type differential equation brings to a spectral problem for a second order differential equation with respect to the second variable. Regarding the first variable, this equation is an ordinary fractional differential equation in the positive part of the considering segment, and is a second-order ordinary differential equation with spectral parameter in the negative part of this segment. Using the spectral method of separation of variables, the solution of the boundary value problem is constructed in the form of a Fourier series. Theorems on the existence and uniqueness of the problem are proved for regular values of the spectral parameter. It is proved the stability of solution with respect to boundary function and with respect to small positive parameter given in mixed derivatives. For irregular values of the spectral parameter, an infinite number of solutions in the form of a Fourier series are constructed. 1. Problem statement In a rectangular domain Ω = {(t, x) : −a < t < b, 0 < x < l} we consider the fractional partial differential equation of mixed type 0 =  ( D α, γ − ν D α, γ ∂2 ∂ x2 − ∂2 ∂ x2 ) U (t, x), (t, x) ∈ Ω 1, ( ∂ 2 ∂ t 2 − ν ∂ 4 ∂ t 2 ∂ x 2 − ω2 ∂ 2 ∂ x 2 ) U (t, x), (t, x) ∈ Ω 2, (1.1) where Ω 1 = {(t, x) : 0 < t < b, 0 < x < l}, Ω 2 = {(t, x) : −a < t < 0, 0 < x < l}, ν is positive parameter, ω is positive spectral parameter, a, b are positive real numbers, D γ = Jγ−α 0+ d dt J1−γ 0+ , 0 < α ≤ γ ≤ 1 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 35M12, 35J25, 35L20, 30E20, 45E05.


Method and apparatus for the direct synthesis of RF signals using maximum likelihood sequence estimation is provided. RF digital RF input signal, after filtering by the prototype filter, such generated digital stream results in substantially minimum error by generating a digital stream by performing a maximum likelihood sequence estimation in digital RF input signal It is synthesized. Substantially minimize errors, including a difference between the digital output and the digital RF input signal prototype filter. Digital stream is substantially equal to the input digital RF signals. Digital stream may be applied to an analog reconstruction filter, the output of the analog reconstruction filter includes an analog RF signal that approximates a digital RF input signal.


Abstract : This study addresses the problem of predicting success in undergraduate pilot training (UPT) through the measurement of performance on a learning sample of flight tasks administered prior to the initiation of training. The learning sample which would be used to augment existing pilot selection procedures was proposed as a means of reducing attrition during UPT. Performance measures on a five hour learning sample of flight tasks, administered with an Automated Pilot Aptitude Measurement System (APAMS) were collected from 178 candidates for UPT selected for training with current procedures. These performance measures were then compared with performance during T-41 and T-37 phases of UPT. The results indicated that performance in both phases of training could be predicted from performance on the learning sample. Grades given by instructors in T-41 training were highly correlated with performance measures on the learning sample. Also, candidates who were eliminated from both phases of training, including those eliminated for Manifestation of Apprehension (MOA), Self Initiated Elimination (SIE), as well as eliminees for Flying Training Defiency (FTD) could be discriminated by their performance on the learning sample. The results indicated that the learning sample approach could contribute substantially to existing pilot selection procedures in reducing current attrition rates in UPT. (Author)


To enhance the system damping,a permanent magnet set which served as an eddy current damper was added to the magnetic levitation positioning stage which consists of a moving table,four Halbach permanent magnetic arrays,four stators and displacement sensors.The dynamics model of this stage was a complex nonlinear,strong coupling system which made the control strategy to be a focus research.The nonlinear controller of the system was proposed based on the theory of differential geometry.Both simulation and experimental results show that either the decoupling control of the movement can be realized in horizontal and vertical directions,and the control performance was improved by the damper,verifying the validity and efficiency of this method.


The dynamic parameters of permafrost are crucial to and directly affect the accuracy of engineering design and numerical simulation. This paper describes a new dynamic load direct shear apparatus that was developed to measure these parameters. The power systems and measurement and control systems of the device are described, as is a successful validation experiment. The results show that this dynamic load direct shearing device can accurately derive dynamic shear parameters within a certain range of frequencies and amplitudes of shear load.


Nowadays the interest of robotics community is focused on a hybrid approach, but the behaviourbased paradigm is robust enough to support quite complex tasks. In this paper the development state of Postrob, a behaviour-based post deliverer, is described. The robot is able to move around a faculty building and find the right office, just with the simultaneous execution of simple behaviours, as wandering in a preferred compass orientation, corridor identification, emergency exit panel identification and wooden door identification. A detailed description of these basic behaviours, along with the experimental results, is given.


Frictional loss levels are known to be functions of lubricant viscosity. Effects of additives which increase compressive load capacities are also well known. Increasing lubricating oil and/or coolant temperature definitely reduces frictional work.


Objectives: To explore the relationship between CD80 expression on lymphocytes at the fetomaternal interface and the fertility characteristics in CBA/J×DBA/2 mice as a model of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and to investigate the effects of lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT) on the level of CD80 expression. Methods: The characteristics of fertility in CBA/J× DBA/2 mice were observed in a 120-day period and compared with four normal fertile groups. In another 15 pairs of CBA/J × DBA/2 breedings, resorption rate on day 13 of pregnancy were calculated and the proportion of CD80+ cells at the fetomaternal interface were determined by using two-color flow cytometric analysis, mainly stained with CD80-FITC and CD45-PE. In order to determine the identity of CD80+ cells, the expression levels of CD3(T cell marker) , DX5(NK cell marker) , and MHC-II(antigen presenting cell marker) were detected in this cell population. Furthermore, the resorption rate and the proportion of CD80+ cells among CBA/J×DBA/2 breedings with and without immunotherapy were also determined and compared with normal fertile controls. Results: The characteristics of abortion in CBA/J× DBA/2 mice were recurrent abortion on about day 10 of gestation. The resorption rate in CBA/J× DBA/2 mice was significantly higher than that in BALB/c × DBA/2 mice (30. 8%±16.6% vs. 7. 7%±6. 7%, P0. 01). Accordingly, the proportion of CD8()+cells evaluated at the fetomaternal interface in CBA/J× DBA/2 mice was also significantly higher (11. 7%± 5. 8% vs. 3. 9%±1. 8% , P0. 01). Resorption rate of CBA/J×DBA/2 mice underwent LIT was significantly lower than that without LIT, and this decreased rate was correlated with dramatically decreased proportion of CD80+ cells. Conclusion: In CBA/J×DBA/2 mice model, the characteristics of abortion seem to be peri-implantation embryo-resorption. A correlation between early embryonic waste and higher CD80 proportion at the fetomaternal interface suggests that CD80+ cells may be an important determinant in recurrent peri-implantation abortion.


We construct an explicit example of a geometrically finite Kleinian group G with invariant component Ω in the Riemann sphere Ĉ such that any quasiconformal map from Ω to the boundary of the convex hull of Ĉ − Ω in H3 which extends to the identity map on their common boundary in Ĉ, and which is equivariant under the group of Möbius transformations preserving Ω, must have maximal dilatation K > 2.002.


In order to meet the requirements for multimedia applications, several approaches to DRAM architecture have emerged. Instead of a single, common memory device, several advanced approaches, such as extended data out (EDO) DRAM, and synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) will each play a major role in the future memory market. Furthermore, advanced interface technologies, such as Rambus RAM (RDRAM), RamLink, and SyncLink are very promising for future-generation memory. Also, application-specific memory, such as cache DRAM (CDRAM), enhanced DRAM (EDRAM), and video DRAM (VRAM) offer unique characteristics to improve performance in particular applications. Since it is beneficial to understand which type of high-speed memory can improve the speed performance of a particular system most effectively, this article discusses the fundamental concepts of these recent high-speed performance memory architectures to aid in the selection of memories for multimedia applications.


A power control system for a radio transmitter adapted to transmit a radio signal modulated with a constant envelope modulation not- comprising: - an amplifier (102) for amplifying a signal (Sentrada) to an amplified signal (Ssalida) , amplified signal (Ssalida) including data bursts (BA, BB, BC, BD); - masking means (114, 116, SW1) adapted to select at least one time window (SWA1, SWA2) that has a predefined length (SWA1, SWA2) and is located at a point (SW1AON, SW1AOFF; SWA2ON, SWA2OFF) where tail symbols are sent a first data burst (BA), resembling then the non-constant envelope modulation of a constant envelope modulation; - means (102) for measuring a voltage (Vout) corresponding to the power (Pout) of the amplified signal (Ssalida) during said at least one window (SWA1, SWA2); and - a comparator (112) for comparing said voltage (Vout) with a reference voltage (Vref), adapted to produce a comparison result (CR).


This paper describes the recent evolution of macroeconomic policies in Egypt and derives a simple model (within an IS-LM framework) showing that until the mid 1990s, the presence of liability dollarization and high passthrough from exchange rate to prices may have limited Egypt's ability to conduct an independent monetary policy. However, the paper shows that conditions have changed and that there is now room for a more flexible exchange rate and that, in the light of Egypt's limited ability to conduct counter cyclical fiscal policies, an independent monetary policy is necessary. The paper concludes by describing monetary and fiscal policy reforms that would improve Egypt's macroeconomic management. On the monetary policy side, the paper suggests that Egypt should slowly move towards an inflation-targeting framework. On the fiscal policy side, the paper recommends that Egypt should adopt budget institutions that would allow eliminating its structural deficits and building a reputation for fiscal prudence. اصتقلاا تاسايسلا رصم في ةيلكلا ةيد : لبقتسلما تارايخو يضالما يرسفت ازياب وغوأ صخلم ىتح روطتلا كلذ ينبي ًاطسبم ًاجذونم قتشتو ،رصم في ةيلكلا ةيداصتقلاا تاسايسلا في ثيدلحا لوحتلا ةـقرولا فـصت يح ،راعسلأا ىلع فرصلا تلادعلم يربكلا يرثأتلاو ةرلودلا روهظ نأ ثيح ،تانيعستلا فصتنم لىإ لوصولا ىلع رصم ةردق نم د ةلقتـسم ةـيدق ةـسايس . ةورلما لياع فرص رعسل نلآا لامج كانه حبـصأ ثـيبح تيرـغت تيـلا فورـظلا ةـقرولا ينبـت ،كـلذل . فيو ةلقتسم ةـيدق ةـسايس دوـجو يرورـضلا نـم حبـصي هـإف ،ةـلباقم ةيـلام تاـسايس دامتـعا ىلـع ةيرـصلما ةردـقلا ةـيدودمح ءوـض . ةـقرولا صلختـست هـأ ) ةيلالما تاحلاصلإا ةـسايس للاـخ نـم ( رصم في يلكلا داصتقلاا ةرادإ ينستح نكيم . ةسايسلا باج فيو فدهتسلما مخضتلا ماظ هاتجاب يرست نأ بيج رصم نأ ةقرولا ىرت ،ةيدقنـلا . نيبتب يصوت ةقرولا نإف ،ةيلالما ةسايسلل ةبسنلاب امأ لا ةلازإب حمست تيلا تاسسؤلما ةيازيلم رصم ليالما يربدتلا لامج في ةبيط ةعسم ءانبو ةيلكيلها تازوجع . ∗ This paper was written for a seminar organized by the Egyptian Center for Economic Studies (ECES) while the author was at the Department of Economics of the American University of Beirut. The author would like to thank Ahmed Galal for the invitation to write this paper and for his useful comments and suggestions; Mandana Hajj for the support; Sajar Tohamy, and seminar participants for helpful comments; Mahmoud Abul-Eyoun, Sherine Al-Shawarby, Hussein Choucri, Amina Ghanem, Mohammad Kassem, and Mahmoud Mohieldin, for taking the time to discuss the Egyptian economic situation; Nada Massoud for invaluable comments and research assistance; and an anonymous referee for very helpful remarks. The views and opinions expressed in this paper do not necessarily coincide with the views of the Inter-American Development Bank. The usual caveats apply. Address: Research Department, Inter-American Development Bank, 1300 New York Ave. NW, Washington DC, 20577. Phone (202) 623-1427, Fax (202) 623-2481. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Background: The bile acid-activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor regulating bile acid, glucose and cholesterol homeostasis. Obeticholic acid (OCA; also known as INT-747 or 6α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid), a promising drug for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and type 2 diabetes, activates FXR. Mouse studies demonstrated that FXR activation by OCA (INT-747) alters hepatic expression of many genes. However, no data are available on the effects of OCA in human liver. Here, we generated gene expression profiles in human precision-cut liver slices (hPCLS) after treatment with OCA.


This editorial asks three questions: What is a high impact journal? How to measure academic impact? What is the academic impact of international business journals? It then discusses EJIM's future as a high impact journal


Abu ul-Ala Shirazi, who lived around the 10th century at the Court of Amir Azud ul-Duleh Bueieh (902–951) from the Dailami Dynasty, found that arsenic, known as sam-al-far, could cure malaria. A clinical trial dating from the 10th century demonstrates Abu ul-Ala's intelligence and careful clinical observation, in the tradition of Rhazes' practice based on experimentation and clinical trial.


This case reinforces the concept of coevolution as a reciprocal change in genetic structure between or among two or more populations, by having students analyze and interpret data, build a descriptive model of the system, and use data to make scientific arguments. The case study is designed for a single 50-minute class period after students have completed a brief pre-class reading assignment introducing coevolution. Students analyze evidence for interactions among red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), red crossbills (Loxia curvirostra), and lodgepole pines (Pinus contorta v. latifolia). The case describing the interactions among these species invites students to answer three questions: 1) What evidence is required for demonstrating coevolution? 2) What specific evidence supports the conclusion that that red squirrels, red crossbills, and lodgepole pines are coevolving (or not) in this system? 3) Why does the evidence support coevolution (or not)? In this discussionand jigsaw-based case study, students advance both their core conceptual knowledge and their proficiency with scientific practices.


This study aimed to investigate the relations among procurement policy, product Knowledge, product involvement and risk preference on the purchasing behavior of medical equipments with or without registration records. By using the questionnaire survey, the subjects of doctors, nurses and staffs in one medical center in southern Taiwan were investigated and 83 valid sample data were collected from 120questionaires. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, independent t test, one way ANOVA and regression anlaysis were employed to conduct the statistical analysis. The empirical results are as follows: 1. There existed significant differences for respondants with different product involvements on purchasing behavior of medical equipments. 2. There existed significant differences for respondants with different product knowledges on purchasing behavior of medical equipments. 3. There existed significant differences for respondants with different perspectives of hospital procurement policy on purchasing behavior of medical equipments. 4. The interactions between different perspectives of procurement policy and product knowledges, product involvements, and risk preference of respondants have significant impacts on purchasing behavior of medical equipments. Based on the empirical findings, this study offered suggestions to hospitals for the improvements of procurement policy of medical equipments and the hospital opearion and management.


Psittacosis should be considered in any patient with fever of undetermined origin. The only clues to diagnosis may be failure to respond to antibiotics or history of bird exposure. Birds may be asymptomatic and able to transmit disease, thus quarantine and treatment of imported birds does not guarantee freedom from disease. An ELISA test limited to avian feces may be inadequate; cultures increase sensitivity. In most cases, diagnosis is not confirmed for 4–6 weeks. In order to prevent significant complications, therapy should be started on suspicion. Rapid response to tetracycline should be expected. The case of psittacosis presented emphasizes multiple salient features of the disease. History of animal exposure, including avian, should be a part of every history and physical examination.


Every individual with mental illness has the right to be safe and cared for. Most people will receive the love and care from their families and friends, but they will also expect mental-health professionals, occupational therapists and the community to work together to provide the necessary services to support their recovery from mental illness. This article highlights the development of the recovery approach for people with mental illness in Australia and New Zealand. The implications of recovery concepts for occupational therapy, in the areas of individualized approach, participation of service users and carers, person-centred assessment and intervention, intersectoral links and mental-health promotion, are discussed. There are a number of key areas requiring further research and debate, notably the most effective means of implementing and evaluating recovery-focused interventions.


In the last few years the amount of available data on protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks have increased rapidly, spanning different species such as yeast, bacteria, fly, worm and Human. The rapid growth is shown in Figure 1. Besides the availability of the data, other incentives to analyze several PPI networks at once are validation of our conclusions over several networks and prediction of unknown protein function and interactions. The scribe is organized as follows: In section 2 we describe the network alignment and network querying problems. In section 3 we describe network pairwise alignment, and its usage in finding conserved protein paths and complexes in PPI networks. The comparative analysis approach, which allows us for detecting similar functionality by looking at multiple highly conserved interactions between similar proteins from different species, is presented in section 4 using QPath, an efficient algorithm for path queries, based on dynamic programming. In section 5 we show PPI networks can be used to predict functional orthologous genes. In section 6 we describe a model that extends the pairwise alignment model to a multiple alignments. Finally, section 7 contains a brief summary.


People prefer to go to the cinema as compared to theaters because of its way of execution and performance. Background music, sound effects, lights, direction attract people, and its demonstrations relate people to their lives. It is true that films have a unique and powerful connection between human behavior and societal culture. Pakistani film industry faced the downfall and now it is doing its best to make the films on international standards. In this research article, the background of Pakistani cinema and causes of downfall will be discussed. The main idea of this research article is to identify and study the development of Pakistani film industry. Qualitative and quantitative data collection will be used as the research method of this research. This research article helps in observing different mass media theory based on Pakistani cinema. Moreover, it will be explained what filmmakers critiques and people say regarding revival or restoration.


Electromagnetism forms a mandatory topic in the syllabus of undergraduate and graduate courses in electrical engineering. This topic involves many physical and mathematical concepts like curl, divergence, gradient for field determination and representation. These concepts are not only difficult to understand but also often lead to poor learning because of the imaginations and non-visualization of electric and magnetic fields. A correct understanding of fields and its distribution is necessary to understand the working, design and optimization of electrical machines. This paper presents a finite element method (FEM) based educational tool that allows the technical students to visualize electromagnetic (EM) fields inside the EM systems. This tool therefore provides a better understanding of the design and optimization of various electrical devices. This paper shows an example of a 2-pole linear machine to visualize the distribution of the magnetic field in a non-linear circuit. This machine extends to form a linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) using step-by-step design and optimization procedure along with the user guide interface programmed in FEM based ANSYS Maxwell software. This motor is used as an example to visualize magnetic fields using FEM software in complex circuits and can be used as a good educational tool for students. The paper incorporates the validation of the design procedure through FEM simulations.


Practitioners, students, and instructors of business communication can benefit from learning new professional technologies; but choosing among them may be difficult. This article provides a method, based on human factors, for help ing individuals with that choice. The first step is to complete a self-assessment questionnaire ranking preferences among forms, industries, techniques, roles, and purposes for writing. Then, individuals can match those preferences to typ ical expectationsfor each of several new text technologies: structured on-line documentation markups, help screens and interactive tutorials, and multime dia presentations. With that information, individuals can choose training in a technology that suits them.


Reverse engineering methods are important for remodeling or measuring damaged or non-damaged parts. Reverse engineering also enables the design of complex components, reducing actual product production time and prototype production time. With this method, damaged gear wheels can be modeled in a short time due to the regular geometry and symmetrical properties of the teeth and it is real models can be produced. In this study, the damaged motor cam gear was scanned with a three dimensional (3D) scanner and a mesh model was formed. Then, solid model of part was created and genuine prototype was produced with 3D printer. The deviations of geometric dimensions between the mesh model and the solid model were analyzed and the levels of convergence were determined. The three-dimensional prototyping method provides great convenience for the designer due to it gives quick feedback in product development process. At the end of the study, geometric values between solid model and prototype model were compared and deviations from actual value were determined.


The effect of stearic acid modification on the dispersity of silica nanoparticles and the adhesion between the filler and polymer matrix with stearic acid concentration were investigated. The wettability of silica nanoparticles was improved by the addition of stearic acid. The presence of adsorbed stearic acid on the surface of the silica nanopar- ticles reduced the interaction between silica nanoparticles, and reduced the size of agglomerates with increasing con- centration. Silica nanoparticle-reinforced poly(ethylene 2,6- naphthalate) (PEN) composites were melt-blended to inves- tigate their mechanical properties and the processability of the composites. The torque and total torque values of the composites decreased with increasing silica nanoparticle content. The tensile moduli of the composites reinforced with unmodified silica nanoparticles increased with increas- ing silica content, whereas the tensile strength and elonga- tion decreased. However, the stearic acid-modified silica nanoparticle-reinforced PEN composites exhibited in- creased elongation and decreased tensile moduli with in- creasing content because stearic acid, which adsorbs onto the surface of the silica nanoparticles in layers thicker than a monolayer, acts as a plasticizer during the melt-compound- ing stage. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 812- 818, 2004


An interesting case, this one from the clinic of A. Doleris, takes on even more significance due to the following features:


This chapter surveys a few instances in which ta'anug is used by Jewish mystics. The author starts with a survey of the issue that is central to the present discussion: the nexus between delight and ritual. Such a linkage occurs explicitly in the Bible, where the Sabbath is called 'Oneg (delight), and has been reiterated thousands of times in subsequent Jewish literatures. A brief though quite significant mention of delight is found already in the Book of Bahir, one of the earliest and most important documents of theosophical-theurgical Kabbalah, which emerged at the beginning of the thirteenth century. The author points out that the nexus between devequt and delight became quite widespread in Hasidism, to such an extent that it is quite difficult to distinguish between the two terms. The new emphasis on delight surveyed, was also part of what he calls the search for plenitude of experience in mysticism.Keywords: 'oneg; Bible; delight; Hasidism; Jewish mystics; Kabbalah; Sabbath; Ta'anug