A novel, simplified approach is presented in order to compute variations of grading in granular assemblies during confined comminution under quasi‐static compression. The method is based on a population balance equation and requires a breakage probability, considered here as a probabilistic phenomenon that takes into account the particle strength and the loading condition of individual grains. Under basic assumptions, a simple breakage probability can be defined in order to get a valuable result for engineering applications and powder technology. The size effect in the strength of individual particles is introduced according to Weibull's theory. The particle loading and the cushioning effect in the granular packing are accounted for by considering the orientations of the contact forces obtained from 3D discrete element method simulations of highly polydisperse materials. The method proposed could have a value for engineering purposes in powder technology and geomechanics and gives a general framework for further research developments based on population balance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The efficiency of Cascading Style Sheet(CSS) engine is the bottleneck of embedded browser,this paper puts forward two methods of style management improvement and design for efficiency promotion of CSS engine.Adding classification of user operation related pseudo-class style rules,it can reduce unnecessary match of pseudo-class style rules;The memory of node for matching absolutely can provide brother nodes with instruction of suiting for the style rule,and reduce the times of style match.Experimental result shows that the total time consumption of style rules match reduces 3% ~15% or so for different Web page.


The Army Technical Reference Model (TRM) is a fundamental component of the Army Enterprise Architecture suite of reference models. This paper describes the TRM, how it facilitates enterprise architecture integration and system interoperability, how it maps to other key DoD architecture models, and its value to the acquisition community. It describes how it supports Program Managers for efficiently and effectively building Technical Standards Views prescribed by the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF). It describes how the TRM supports the building of TV-1s/2s for individual systems, a systems-of-systems, or an enterprise. It shows how the TRM helps enable system interoperability in net-centric environments. It illustrates how technology forecasts leverage the TRM and how the TRM illuminates the need to accelerate the process of updating the DoD IT Standards Registry (DISRonline) to include new and improved technical standards to support the new capability requirements included in the Army Enterprise Architecture.


Abstract : Success in regional and major theater wars hinges on the ability to rapidly deploy and employ sufficient military power to overwhelm any adversary. Central to the U. S. military's ability to deploy forces is the collection of equipment, material and munitions prepositioned aboard ships throughout the world. As the leadership seeks opportunities to merge systems and resources under the guise of jointness, commonalities in missions and cargoes of the Afloat Prepositioning Force (APF) make it a prime target for integration. Ranging from tanks and trucks to food and fuel, the prepositioning load lists provide a flexible range of deterrent and combat options to the Combatant Commander. While similar items are prepositioned by all of the services, there is enough difference in quantity or mission to bar centralized control. Removing critical items such as food and fuel from the prepositioning kits effectively obliterates the stand-alone nature of these equipment sets. Certain management functions (e.g. stock rotation, equipment and ship maintenance, and weapons system upgrades) which are common to all portions of the APF have also been targeted for joint control. The fiscal savings of these efforts would be far outweighed by the costs in security and clear lines of command and control.


The determination of solution density is required for conversion of liquid solution levels from a mass fraction basis to a volume fraction basis. This presentation will provide information about three approaches in common use for the determination of densities for liquids: (1) micropipette method; (2) oscillating tube instrumentation; and (3) pycnometer. The video includes a brief overview of each approach, with a laboratory demonstration of the micropipette and oscillating tube methods. 1 1 Contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Not subject to copyright. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are the best available for the purpose.


Objective: Study the quantitative methods to the property of herbal medicine and the composition principle of herbal compound.Methods: Design the quantitative methods of the herbal property,taste,meridian tropism and function.Analyze the prescription of GanDouLing by fuzzy clustering of k-means.Results: the analysis to GanDouLing' s composition principle based on fuzzy clustering is consistent with the theory of traditional Chinese medicine.Conclusion: Clustering analysis provides a new and reliable way to study the composition principle of herbal compound.


Aiming at the importance of the indoor top surface,the paper introduces some design methods for the indoor top surface,according to the differences in various type spaces,analyzes some relative problems in the top surface design,and emphasizes on the dual characteristics with the integrity and the individuality for the indoor design,so as to improve the recognition of indoor top surface design and the quality of the indoor design.


Objective:
 Cardiac fibrosis is one of the most warranted cardiac impairments which ultimately leads to heart failure. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant and conserved chemical modification in eukaryotic mRNA and is associated with mRNA metabolism. Recently, we showed that m6A mRNA methylation regulates the angiogenic potential of the endothelial cells following ischemic injury. However, the role of m6A mRNA methylation in cardiac fibrosis following ischemic injury is still elusive and needs improvement in treatment strategy.

 Methods:
 First we analyzed the available data set for the fibrosis-regulating targets in Sham and MI hearts. Further, we studied methylation patterns in vivo by inhibiting methylation in MI mice using STM2457. Then we assessed cardiac function using echocardiography and harvested tissue samples for further biochemical analysis. We also performed in vitro experiment to investigate the expression pattern of the screened gene (Fibronectin) in hypoxic cardiac fibroblast as an ischemic model. We also performed an Actinomycin D assay to check the role of methylation on FN mRNA stability. Fibrosis and other phenotypic statuses were studied using several molecular techniques including ICC/IHC. Finally, siMETTL3 was used to study rescue experiments.

 Results:
 We have shown upregulated FN expression post-MI, and also several methylation sites on FN mRNA in-silico. Histological and biochemical analysis showed increased fibrosis and m6A mRNA methylation in mice post-MI. Hypoxic stress in fibroblast induces mRNA methylation, which leads to FN mRNA stabilization and deposition of FN at the scar site by activated fibroblast. In contrast, METTL3 inhibition using STM 2457 significantly improved cardiac function. METTL3 inhibition significantly reduced FN mRNA methylation and FN expression, and ultimately reduced cardiac fibrosis.

 Conclusion:
 We observed that increased FN mRNA (m6A) methylation enhanced cardiac fibrosis following MI. Inhibition of mRNA methylation using STM2457 in in-vivo, and siRNA in-vitro reduced hypoxia-induced FN deposition and fibrosis, which suggests STM2457 could be a potential therapeutic molecule either alone or in combination with current regimens to curb methylation-induced cardiac fibrosis.


In response to a recommendation from OMB, NASA's Fiscal Year 2001 budget included a new program within the HEDS (Human Exploration and Development of Space) Enterprise called HEDS Technology/ Commercialization Initiative (HTCI). HTCI had three overarching goals: to support REDS analysis and planning for safe, affordable and effective future programs and projects that advance human exploration, scientific discovery, and the commercial development of space; to pursue research, development, and validation of breakthrough technologies and highly innovative systems concepts; and to advance die creation of strong partnerships within NASA, with U.S. industry and universities, and internationally. As part of its contracted effort, SAIC was to write a report contribution, describing die results of its task activities, to a final HTCI report prepared by MSFC. Unfortunately, government cancellation of the HTCI program in the summer of 2001 curtailed all efforts on the program including die Final HTCI report. In the absence of that report, SAIC has issued this final report in an attempt to document some of the technical material it produced. The report contains SAIC presentations for both HTCI workshops; a set of roadmap charts for the Systems Analysis, Integration and Modeling; and charts showing the evolution of the current TITAN modeling architecture.


Spinel Co2TiO4 is synthesised using a polymeric precursor method and used as an efficient negative electrode for Li-ion batteries. Precise full-profile Rietveld refinement proves the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure with a lattice parameter of a = 8.4190(9) A, which corresponds to the sample composition of Co2.05Ti0.95O4. Subsequently, a carbon coating around Co2TiO4 is achieved through a simple hydrothermal method. TGA analysis implies that Co2TiO4@C consists of 17 wt% carbon, and the presence of D and G bands was confirmed through Raman analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is employed to probe the morphological features, as well as to confirm the carbon coating on Co2TiO4. It shows non uniform shape particles with sizes in the range of 400–750 nm and that the thickness of the carbon coating is 10 nm. The superior electrochemical performance of Co2TiO4@C is confirmed by a higher initial discharge–charge capacity (1283/418 mA h g−1), high diffusion coefficient (1.76 × 10−10 cm2 s−1/2) and lower Rct (after 50 cycles). This is attributed to the increased electrical conductivity and the creation of new active sites due to the synergistic effect of the carbon matrix on Co2TiO4, thereby making it a promising candidate for lithium ion battery applications.


Play has long been a significant part of early childhood education programs. How play is used in programs today, as well as how it is regarded, often relates to how play has been conceived at various times in the past. Understanding how play has been interpreted throughout history and how educators and psychologists view play today can help teachers of young children better understand the nature of play and how to use it in early childhood programs. This article reviews the history of the portrayal of play in art and literature, and both the classical and contemporary theories of play.


To analyze the laws of gas explosion accidents in our country coal mines,the paper selected the gas explosion accidents during 1950-2000 as samples,analyzed the time and space distribution,the first class hazard and the second class hazard traits of gas explosion accidents on the whole and different gas grades.It showed that gas explosion accidents not only had concentricity on the space-time and hazard characteristics,but also had different grades for different gas coal mines,and it explained the dissimilarity.


This study was carried out in the Agricultural Research Station of King Abdulazia University at Hada AlSham, northeast of Jeddah Saudi Arabia, for studying of the effects of Solarization of the soil with polyethylene sheets (1layer and 2-layers) amended with animal manure (AM) as organic matter at rate of 30 t/ha on the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content of the soil, and on soil pH and electric conductivity (EC) and number of fungi and weed growth before and after Solarization. Also the effects were determined on cabbage (Brassica oleracea) growth components and cabbage yield during two seasons (2015-2016). The results showed significant increase in soil N, P and K pre and post-solarization. Soil content of N, P and K increased significantly particularly under 2-layer sheets. There was significant decrease in soil fungi population and weed growth after Solarization. Fungi population was significantly reduced with soil covering with 2-layer sheets, and with depth from 0-15 to 15-30 cm compared to 1-laer sheet and uncovered soil. Cabbage growth components and yield were significantly increased with soil Solarization amended with 30 t/ha AM. Cabbage head length, roundness index and stem diameter were significantly increased with Solarization and AM amendment with domination of the 2-laer polyethylene sheets. Cabbage yield increased at a rate of 90% at 2-layer sheets solarisation compared to the uncovered soil. It is recommended to cover soil with polyethylene sheets one or two sheets amended with 30t/ha AM for better yield of cabbage plants and control of weed and soil fungi.


This study presents a generalized model of mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication, in which the dimensional Reynolds equation is discretized according to a modified differential scheme based on the full analysis of the pressure balance within the lubrication region. The model is capable of a wide range of lubrication regimes from fully hydrodynamic down to boundary lubrication, and both the steady-state and the time-dependent conditions can be considered. A simplified computational procedure is proposed for elliptical contacts without the ellipticity parameters specified. The evolution of lubrication behavior at startup and shutdown conditions is investigated and the transient effect of surface waviness is discussed. The model application is then extended to contacts of multilayered materials, and the effects of the layer stiffness and the fabrication methods on the stress fields and lubrication performance are analyzed. The conclusions may potentially provide some insightful information for the design and analysis of functional materials and their engineering structures.


The time-resolved Z-scan method has been shown to be particularly suitable to the study of ion doped solids, which present slow nonlinearity (response times /spl sim/10/sup -4/ s). In this work we used the time-resolved Z-scan technique to measure the nonlinear refractive index, n/sub 2/, in Nd/sup 3+/:YAG. We also study the saturation behavior of the Z-scan data in other to monitor the evolution of excited state population.


This article discusses some of the Sufism concepts, al-walayah, al-khalwah, al-dhikr, al-tafakkur and al-tawakkal according to Al-Tha'alibi, Muslim scholar from Algeria in the 8th and 9th centuries in Tafsi>r Al-Jawa>hir al-H{isa>n fi> Tafsi>r al-Qur'a>n. Using the descriptive-analytic method, this literature study found that Al-Tha'alibi in his tafsir in interpreting the verses was influenced by Sufi scholars who supported the Sunni Sufi concept, namely the Sufi way of life guided by al- Qur`an, Hadith, and the journey of life of the Companions and Salaf al-Ummah. As a Sufi and 'a>lim fi> al-di>n, Al-Tha'alibi certainly practiced the Sufi life patterns according to what he believed, namely the Sunni Sufi which was different from the Sufi understanding practiced by the majority of the Algerian population at that time which was considered to have come out of many demands Islam. It is caused by political, economic, and social conditions that are unstable and have a significant impact on the religious life of the Algerian population, especially in the understanding and practice of Sufism.


To estimate the possibility of napiergrass for cultivating as a perennial in southern Kyushu, the overwintering ability, as assessed by the percentage of overwintered plants (POP) in early May, was determined for several cultivation factors. To maintain high overwintering ability, it was important to conduct the final cutting just before the first frost date at about 20 cm above ground surface. The effects of planting date from spring through summer and of the year after establishment within 3 years on POP were small. On the contrary, the differences in POP among years and among different altitudes were large. The variety of Merkeron had a superior overwintering ability in comparison with Wruk wona. The relationship between the minimum daily temperature during the overwintering and POP was positively logarithmic in two varieties of Merkeron had POP exceeding 50% in more than half the areas in Miyazaki, even under the coldest winter of the seven seasons examined, suggesting its stable overwintering ability in southern Kyushu.


Everyday communication is not always planned in advance. There is a type of communication called "oppor- tunistic communication" or "impromptu communication" that happens unintended in any place and in any moment. The conventional video recording equipment cannot capture this type of communication because it has to be set up in advance. This paper presents the development of a wearable communication recorder (WCR) for impromptu communica- tion. To cope with a problematic issue of dealing with a large amount of video data in life log systems, the proposed wearable recorder records interpersonal communication selectively. It gets the recording cue from the first utterance of the user in a conversation and records the communication by video and audio as far back as some 30 seconds of the utterance. This can reduce useless recording and can record whole communication session at the same time. From the analysis of interpersonal communication, 10 seconds of backward recording is suggested to be acceptable. The per- formance of WCR was also examined in terms of the proper recognition of communication, which indicated over 90% of the recall rate.


Try to think of culture as a resource, and you will inevitably find yourself wondering to whom that resource belongs and for whom does it exist. The term "resource" is normally used to refer to a natural resource, such as minerals or marine products or forests, or to something, such as land or people, used to produce or create something else. These resources all have physical form. Humankind uses them for a certain purpose or to create something else. And many bitter assertions have been made—sometimes to the point of inciting warfare—over who is the rightful owner of these tangible and tangibly important resources. Culture is also something created by humankind. It encompasses both tangible materials and intangible property, that which has no form—knowledge, skill, thought. Where an object is tangible, the question of who might own that object seems an entirely reasonable one. But for that cultural property which has no form, which is intangible, we must first consider whether we are prepared to accept the very notion of ownership. Japan has in place the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, which defines "cultural properties" variously as tangible, intangible, and folk-cultural heritage, as well as monuments, cultural landscapes, and groups of historic buildings. Tangible cultural properties include buildings, pictures, sculptures, applied crafts, calligraphic works, classical books, and ancient documents. Intangible cultural properties include drama, music, and applied artistic techniques. Folk-cultural properties include manners, customs, and folk arts and implements related to food, clothing, housing, occupations, religious faiths, and annual festivals, and the clothes, utensils, and buildings used in these. Monuments include shell mounds, ancient tombs, sites of fortified capitals, fort or castle sites, monument houses, gardens, bridges, gorges, seashores, mountains, animals, plants, and geological minerals. Cultural properties, as set out in this law, range from tangible properties and monuments, which exist in material form, to music, drama, applied arts and landscapes, all of which are intangible. Article 4 (2) of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, in reference to these tangible and intangible cultural properties, states that "an owner of cultural property and other persons concerned therewith, being conscious that cultural property is a valuable national asset, shall preserve it with good care for the public and endeavour to promote its cultural utilization, such as by opening it to public viewing", indicating a clear assumption that cultural properties have owners. This assumption may be reasonable for concrete, tangible cultural properties and monuments. However, there are no consistent stipulations with regard to exactly who owns the cultural properties that belong in categories which cannot be adequately described as having physical form: manners and customs, folk entertainment, folk implements, cultural landscapes. Article 71 uses the phrase "bearer or bearing body" in relation to intangible cultural properties, but for intangible folk-cultural properties, the only reference to ownership is of "an owner of the records [of the intangible folk-cultural property]", found in Article 88. For cultural landscapes and groups of historic buildings, where an individual building within them may be the property of an individual but their cultural value is determined by the landscape or the collection of buildings in its entirety, the law defines the agent of application and preservation to be the municipality in which the relevant cultural landscape or building group is located (Article 134, Article 143). It may also be noted that the objective of the law is "to preserve and utilize cultural property objects, so that the cultural quality of the nation can be enhanced, thereby contributing to the evolution of world culture" (Article 1), which clearly indicates for whom the cultural properties exist (for the Japanese people, for the whole of humankind). When attempting to establish to whom culture belongs, we can use the example of language. There is no doubt that the language spoken by humans is a fundamental part of culture, and so it sounds somehow strange to ask to whom that language actually belongs, almost as if the The Ownership of Culture


Female monasticism and the conversion of the Jews were both major concerns for the ecclesiastical establishment, as well as for Italian ruling elites, after the Council of Trent (1545–1563). Hence, the monachization of baptized Jewish girls acquired a unique symbolic significance. Moreover, during this period cases of demonic possession were on the rise, and so were witchcraft accusations. This article explores a case from late sixteenth-century Mantua in which Jewish conversion, female monachization, demonic possession and witch-hunting all came into play in a violent drama. Drawing on unpublished documents as well as on chronicles and hagiographies, the article elucidates the mental toll that conversion and monachization took on the Jewess Luina, who later became known as Sister Margherita. It delineates her life, which culminated with her diagnosis as a demoniac, and analyzes the significance that this etiology held for the energumen—whose affliction was attributed to her ongoing contacts with Jews—and for Mantua's Jews. The article argues that the anxiety provoked by suspicions that a formerly Jewish nun reverted to Judaism was so profound, that it led to the burning at the stake of Judith Franchetta, the only Jew ever to be executed as a witch in the Italian peninsula.


It may well be that the 1970s will be remembered in African studies as the decade of the .%mode of production." This Marxist idea began to be very widely applied to the study of African societies in the hopes of establishing structural formulations that could in turn help to explain the development and dynamics of those societies. Harold Wolpe's essay of 1980 suggested that a period of clarification and refinement would be followed by fruitful scholarly application: in fact recent years have seen decreasing use in systematic exploration of the mode as an historical or social structure. "The vast and complex debate on modes of production and their articulation," so ably traced and summarized by Wolpe, has hardly developed further. This paper seeks, without repeating familiar material. to reconsider the context and importance of the application of the concept "modes of production." the advantages its use poses and the limitations which have increasingly come to the fore in its further development.


Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of micro-channel and standard channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of kidney calcui.Methods:A total of 176 kidney calcui patients hospitalized in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2011 were randomly selected and divided into two groups,each group had 88 cases.The first group(the standard channel group) underwent standard channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy(SPCNL),while the second group(the micro channel group) had micro channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL).Length of operation time and the bleeding volume,stone-free rate,postoperative recovery and the adverse reactions were compared and analyzed after treatment.Results:The average length of operation time and bleeding volume of the MPCNL group was(76.26 ± 13.44) min and(63.31±8.09) mL,significant lower than that of the SPCNL group(P0.05).The total stone clearance and solitary stone clearance rates of the SPCNL group was 77.27% and 79.63%,the differences between two group did not achieve a significant level(P0.05).while the multiple stones clearance rate and staghorn stone clearance rate of the SPCNL group was73.52% and 62.50%,both were significant higher than those of the MPCNL group(P0.05).Length of hospital stay and mobility time of the MPCNL group was(33.10±5.90) h and(4.00±1.40) d,significantly shorter than that in the SPCNL group(P0.05).The 24h hours Hb and Scr levels of the MPCNL group after treatment were(132.25±7.30) g/L and(95.67±16.49) umol/L,significant higher than that in the SPCNL group(P0.05).The total postoperative complication rates of the SPCNL and MPCNL group was 31.82% and 29.55%,respectively,showing no significant difference(P0.05).Conclusions: Both standard channel and micro channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy shows good effects in the treatment of kidney calcui with its own advantages,thus choice of the two should be based on status of patients and symptoms.


In this paper, we propose a novel segmentation algorithm for color images. This method is a combination of edge information with region information and a geometric active contour without re-initialization, called distance regularized level set evolution. The information given by a new edge detector using morphological gradient is more accurate than normal gradient computing methods for color images. And the information of the region containing objects is relied on Chan-Vese minimal variance criterion. With both of these information, the model can have its initial contour that is more flexible to construct anywhere, fast to evolve and quite exact to stop at the boundary of objects. The suggested algorithm has been applied on natural color images with good performance. Some experimental results have shown to compare our model with others with respect to accuracy and computational efficiency.


Using recent advances in auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo techniques and the phaseless approximation to control the sign/phase problem, we determine the equation of state in the ground state of the two-dimensional repulsive single-band Hubbard model at intermediate interactions. Shell effects are eliminated and finite-size effects are greatly reduced by boundary-condition integration. Spin-spin correlation functions and structure factors are also calculated. In lattice sizes up to $16\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}16$, the results show signals for phase separation. Upon doping, the system separates into one phase of density $n=1$ (hole free) and the other at density ${n}_{c}$ $(\ensuremath{\sim}0.9)$. The long-range antiferromagnetic order is coupled to this process and is lost below ${n}_{c}$.


Since the early 1990s, when Latvia regained its independence from the Soviet Union (1991), Latvia's historical region of Latgale has become a site of unending political activism aimed at opposing Latvian nationalism. Claiming to represent Latvians of that region or Latgalians, political activists have been declaring that they are struggling against the ongoing state oppression of their distinct, regionally and historically rooted Latgalian identity and language, and have been demanding more autonomy in cultural, linguistic and economic affairs for Latgale. In this article I will attempt to reveal the wider historical, political and social contexts that are evoking, triggering and shaping Latgalian political activism. I will argue that Latgalian activism represents an attempt to invigorate an imagined Latgalian community that is separate from Latvians in order to achieve official affirmation of Latgalians as an inseparable part of the Latvian nation. I also engage in theoretical debates on different manifestations of sub-state nationalisms inside Europe by presenting this case study of a territorially based nationalist movement as being aimed not at separation, but at inclusion within a dominant nationalist imagination. It is the early morning of 26 September 2009. A dozen pickets have gathered in front of the Riga State First Gymnasium, where various activities are being held by the Latvian Language Agency on the occasion of the European Day of Languages. In their hands the pickets hold large homemade posters containing inscriptions such as 'The Latgalian language is not dead!', 'Stop the assimilation of our children!', 'Stop language ethnocide in Latgale!' and 'Is Latgale and the Latgalian language in Europe?' Passers-by are given a leaflet about the written tradition of the Latgalian language. The event is immediately covered by the biggest news media in Latvia, together with an announcement by its main organizer, Mareks Gabrišs, who identifies himself as a member of the NGO Latgaļu Sāta or the 'Latgale Traditional Culture Centre'. Gabrišs declares that the Latvian state should stop the 'discrimination' and 'ignoring' of Latgalian and ensure its representation along with other European languages on the next European Day of Languages. He also claims that ultimately the state should also start doing more to ensure the preservation and development of Latgalian, which is otherwise the concern of just a few enthusiasts. This was the third and latest public protest action against the Latvian state's allegedly dismissive attitude towards Latgalians and their language carried out in Riga Krauze, Latgalian identity 36 by the same dozen or so activists. Every time it had been introduced and surrounded by an almost identical activist discourse, representing Latgalians as having their own language, culture and literature that is distinct from Latvian and is continuously under the threat of extinction due to the absence of any legal framework on the part of the Latvian state to guarantee the protection and maintenance of the Latgalian language. The activists had repeatedly demanded that the Latvian state introduce the Latgalian language in school curricula in both Latgale region and the rest of Latvia, to provide broadcasts in Latgalian on public radio and television and to grant Latgalian the status of a regional language in Latgale. 'Latvians must at last accept the fact that we are one nation but with two different languages,' activist Mareks Gabrišs was quoted as saying by an online news portals after the picketing of the University of Latvia on 22 September 2007. The state's official position on this issue has taken the form of rhetorical statements acknowledging Latgalians as a part of the Latvian nation but as having their own particularities in culture, traditions, lifestyle and dialects – in other words, a similar status to many other 'local identities' in Latvia, among them Selonians and Suiti. Latgalian identity and local dialect has been articulated as an enormous asset of Latvian culture and Latvian national identity by official bodies. At the same time the state's representatives have categorically opposed the activists' claim that Latgalian is a distinct language, proposing instead that in Latvia Latgalian has been and always will be recognized as a dialect, a locally spoken variety of Latvian. The official opinion of the State Language Commission, chairman Andrejs Veisbergs told news portal DELFI (01.11.2011), is that 'The Latgalian language is a variety of the Latvian language and is not a different language, and it should not become a second or third or any other official language'. Official bodies perceive the activism itself as dangerous, as it may lead to the division of the nation and to a weakened position of the Latvian language for the benefit of pro-Russian political forces, which are seen as hostile to Latvia. This has also been the prevailing discourse in society when it comes to the activists' demands, which have their roots in the origin of the current status of Latgalians and Latgale within the Latvian state. Krauze, Latgalian identity 37 Historical background Like today, Latgale and Latgalians were also a subject of heated public debates at the time of the Latvian nationalist movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which eventually lead to the establishment of an independent Latvia in 1918. Mainly initiated and carried out by the Latvian intelligentsia residing in Russia's Baltic provinces (southern Livland and Courland), the movement recognized that administratively separate Latvians dwelling in Russia's Vitebsk province (the territory of Latgale) had to be involved in all discussions concerning the future of the Latvian nation (Plakans 2011: 52). However, in public discourse, as newspapers of the time reveal, these Latgale Latvians, also called Latgalians, were perceived as the 'darkest layers' of the Latvian nation – uneducated, poor, with underdeveloped agriculture, and under the persistent threat of Russification, but also thirsty for the 'light' of (Baltic) Latvian culture that would eventually improve Latgalians' overall situation. The idea of the Latvian nation was promoted by Baltic Latvians in their attempts to raise awareness among territorially dispersed Latvians that they belonged to one nation, with its own language, history, culture, customs and folklore. This sense of belonging was reified by carrying out various activities in the (Baltic) Latvian language, such as publishing newspapers and secular literature, organising song festivals, founding cultural societies and establishing Latvian primary schools, which mainly took place in the Baltic Latvian areas of Livland and Courland (Plakans 2011: 52-53). Latvian intellectuals and clergy in Latgale, having been invited to participate in the process of 'national awakening', sought to evoke a sense of belonging to the Latvian nation among Latgalians by replicating the methods of Baltic Latvian nationalists. Just after the forty-year prohibition on printing books in the Latin alphabet in Vitebsk was lifted in 1904, Latgalian activists began to found Latgalian cultural societies and choirs, to publish newspapers and calendars, and to create a literature in their local version of spoken and written Latvian. However, this largely took place outside the territory of Latgale, particularly in Saint Petersburg, where the main figures of the movement studied, worked and lived at the beginning of the twentieth century. Only a few Latvian schools had been founded and a couple of Krauze, Latgalian identity 38 newspapers published in Latgale by the time the Republic of Latvia was founded in 1918 (Zeile 1996: 79). Regardless of the similarity of approaches, the nations imagined respectively by the Baltic Latvian and Latgalian intelligentsia differed significantly. Awareness of being Latvian among Latgalians was in the first place construed by stressing their common belonging not only to Latgale instead of , but also to the territorially dispersed Latvians as a whole, which was emphasized by nationalists in the Baltic provinces. That is, Latgalians were first and foremost imagined through belonging to Latgale, and the intelligentsia were aware of being different from Latvians, so that belonging to territorially dispersed Latvians was stressed in the second place. While Baltic nationalists opposed the Baltic German nobility and 'Germanization' (Plakans 2011, Zeile 2006), the 'national awakening' in Latgale was directed against Russification, the Polish nobility and Polonization.. Moreover, the discourse on whether and how Latgale Latvians or Latgalians should unite with Baltic Latvians differed among the activists themselves. One of them, a Catholic priest, Francis Trasūns, advocated Latgalians joining Latvians in their aspirations for selfdetermination and the establishment of an autonomous territory (province) of Latvians within Russia, while another leading figure, seminarian and engineer Francis Kemps, suggested that Latgalians remain separate due to prominent differences in language and history (Plakans 2011: 55; Zeile 2006: 363). The distinctiveness of Latgalians was represented by Latgale nationalists as rooted in the common past of the people. In their discourse, nationalists repeatedly stressed the fact that Latgale had had its own history of oppression for more than three hundred years, in parallel to Courland and Livland. It was a history that had begun with Latgale coming under Polish rule in 1561 and had continued when it became part of the Russian empire in 1772, as serfdom in Vitebsk province was abolished later than in the Baltic provinces, and Latgalians enjoyed almost no linguistic and cultural rights in their territory, in contrast to Latvians in Livland and Courland. Latgalians saw this separate historical experience as involving long years of isolation that had led to Latgale and Latgalians lagging b


Objective To examine the changes in the spatial learning and memory,and in the proliferation of neural stem cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic encephalopathy rats.Methods Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:diabetic encephalopathy,vehicle control and intact control.The diabetic encephalopathy model was indued by a dosage of intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.After 60 days of developing the models,Morris water maze and bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) immunohistochemistry were administered to detect the changes in spatial learning and memory as well as in the proliferation of neural stem cells(BrdU-immunoreactive cells,BrdU-IR cells)in the subgranular zone(SGZ)of each rat.Results Both escape latency and swimming distance of diabetic encephalopathy rats were significantly extended in comparison of those in vehicle control or intact control rats(P0.01).Furthermore,the number of BrdU-IR cells in SGZ of diabetic encephalopathy rats was also significantly smaller than that of vehicle or intact control rats(P 0.01).Conclusion Long-termed lack of insulin in the rats with type 1 diabetes can intervene the proliferation of neural stem cells in SGZ,which may result in disorders in spatial learning and memory.The above data indicate that impairments in proliferation of neural stem cells in adult hippocampal dentate gyrus may be one factor inducing type 1 diabetic encephalopathy.


A method of Still put a web printing press with several printing machine units, namely with at least one roll changer (10), with at least one of each roll changer downstream printing unit (13), with one of the or each printing unit (13) downstream web guide and / or turning unit (18), with one of the web guide and / or turning unit downstream folding unit (19) and at least one sheet monitoring device (32, 33) for monitoring a web of printing material, whereby in case of failure or a deficiency of the line voltage: a) a control voltage for electronic components (23, 24 , 25, 26, 27) of the printing machine units (10, 13, 18, 19) is buffered by at least one energy storage (38), b) a high-side supply voltage for electric drives of the printing machine units (10, 13, 18, 19) is not buffered so that actively driven via the electric drives in the printing operation of the cylinders and rollers run printing presses aggregates passive failure or under-supply of the mains voltage; c) the or each printing unit (13) is converted into a print-off position so that the or each in print mode employed in the respective printing substrate printing cylinder of the respective printing unit (13) is shut off by the respective printing substrate.


The dynamics of microgravity concurrent flame spread over thin cellulosic sheets are theoretically investigated The mathematical model is based on the laminar, reactive Navier-Stokes equations coupled to solid-phase enthalpy and mass conservation equations. Simulations have been made for forced flow velocities in the range 0.25-15 cm/s, by decreasing the oxygen mass fraction of the concurrent flow below the ambient value and by increasing the solid charring rate (fire-retarded cellulose). For air, non-retarded cellulose and flow velocites larger than 5 cm/s, the dynamics of concurrent flame spread are qualitatively similar to those of normal gravity. As the concurrent flow is decreased below 5 cm/s, after short transients, a transition from fast flame spread to slow solid burning and then to flame quenching is predicted. Flame quenching is also observed, for relatively high flow velocities, in vitiated air or for fire-retarded cellulose. Finally, blow-off at the highest velocity considered (15 cm/s) is predicted only for sufficiently low oxygen concentrations.


detection and recovery technique capable of working at runtime and a two-way data stream management facility. The experimental results obtained using the MCX co-execution platform demonstrate the


In this paper, we present and describe a computationally efficient sequential 1 quadratic programming (S 1QP) algorithm for Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC). We use a tailored trust region sequential quadratic programming for the solution of the optimal control problem (OCP) involved in the NMPC algorithm. We use a multiple shooting approach for numerical integration and sensitivity computation. A second order correction ensures a faster convergence of the SQP algorithm. We exploit the structure of the OCP by using an efficient primal-dual interior point algorithm based on Riccati factorizations and a block diagonal BFGS update of the Hessian matrix. The complexity scales linearly with the prediction horizon length. We numerically evaluate and compare the performance of our algorithm on a numerical example.


Financial hedging is a very important tool for risk management in energy market. As the energy market leader, PJM had many years of experiences in its Financial Transmission Rights (FTRs) market which is a financial hedging market. Auction Revenue Rights (ARR), an underlying product of FTRs are allocated every year. PJM also allocated different types of incremental ARR to fulfill this product. This paper will describe the basic structure of ARR and FTRs process in PJM. The different ARR products are also presented. Some of the products relate closely to PJM's Regional Transmission Expansion Planning (RTEP) process.


Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is a rare autosomal dominant skin disorder presented as blistering dermatosis with recurrent erythematous plaques, leading to erosions, fissures and vegetations seen in the skin folds. Prevalence of this disease occurs in 1 to 4 per 100,000 affected between third and fourth decade, mostly either under-reported or misdiagnosed. Under standard conventional treatment, recurrence and remissions are typical. Therefore, it affects the quality of life compared with other skin disorders. However, with the individualised homoeopathic medicine, Psorinum, this rare case was treated without topicals; no recurrence of the complaints and adverse effects were observed in 1 year of follow-up. Furthermore, changes in the dermatology life quality of life questionnaire score from 20 (at baseline) to zero have been noticed; the modified Naranjo criteria for homeopathy total score was +9 out of +13, providing evidence attributed by the intervention. This case report reinforces that individualised homoeopathic intervention is beneficial in rare skin disorders like HHD, and pooling such data will develop future research concepts in this area.


An epizootic causing mortality among cultured marine finfishes occurred in 1999 in the province of Kyoungsang, Korea. The disease was characterized by the presence of enterocele, abdominal swelling, and gastroenteritis. The causative bacteria were isolated from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and the rearing water. These bacteria showed swarming activity on agar plates and yellowish or greenish colonies on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar plates, but no luminescence. The pathogen was identified as Vibrio harveyi based on morphological and biochemical characteristics and the sequence of l6S rDNA. The lethal doses (LD) of olive flounder and black rockfish were estimated to be and CFU/fish respectively following intraperitoneal injection.


This contribution reports a frontend architecture in printed circuit board (PCB) technology for phased array antennas at K/Ka-band. It consists of a diplexer with low insertion loss, a low noise amplifier (LNA), and a bandpass filter. Two-tone measurements are carried out to identify the linear operating range of the LNA, which determines the maximum allowable output power of the power amplifier (PA). Simulated and measured results of the individual passive components are presented. The experimental characterization of the frontend yields a noise figure of 2 dB and an isolation of 70 dB. The whole setup is suitable for phased arrays as it complies with the required half-wave spacing at 30 GHz.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a modified diene-α-olefin copolymer with improved adhesiveness and compatibility and to provide a method for producing the same. SOLUTION: The modified diene-α-olefin copolymer is a copolymer which comprises structural units represented by formulae (1) to (4): -(-CHR 1 -CH=CH-CH 2 -)- (1), -(-CH 2 -CR 2 R 3 -)- (2), -(-CH 2 -CH(CH=CHR 1 )-)- (3), and -(-CH 2 CR 4 R 5 -)- (4) and at least either of the terminals of which is a terminal group represented by formula (5): H 2 C=C(R 6 )-COO-(CH 2 ) j -NHCOO-. In the formulae, R 1 , R 3 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a 1 to 10C alkyl group; R 2 is a phenyl group, a chlorine atom, a cyclohexyl group, or a carbonyloxyalkyl group; R 4 is a nitrogenous substituent; and j is the number of repetition. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT


A membrane capable of inhibiting agent release from a delivery System when no electrical current is flowing and yet provide minimal impedance to electrically-assisted agent delivery, useful both for incorporating into electrotransport agent delivery Systems and for use in measuring agent release rates in in vitro testing. 1. N <2. zSZS2 NZYZZZNSN N 28


Among the tortures and devastations of life is this then - our friends are not able to finish their stories. (Virginia Woolf 39) Critics of Another Country have been eager to see in the novel the promise of a transparent sexual utopia grounded in a healing unveiling of a serenely accepted identity. Whether in terms homophobic or racist, or anti-homophobic or anti-racist (rarely, though more often with the former than with the latter, do the poles of either of these oppositions come together), critics have dwelt on a transcendence defined as a coming to terms with one's identity. This transcendence relies on the transparency of revelation in the text and the assertion of this transparency's liberatory potential, regardless of whether or not such liberation is a term of approbation. Such a reading allows "race" and sexuality to disappear from critical view; more precisely, it allows critics to cast them as mere obstructions littering the path of a surpassing transcendence, usually cast in terms of art. Thus, to some critics, Baldwin (or, alternatively, his characters) comes to terms with his identity, and this self-acceptance and self-knowledge lead him (or his characters) to a fuller and more mature development as an artist; the achieved transcendence and clarity then shed the obstructing specificities of sexuality and "race" in the blinding splendor of a universalized artistic insight. To others, Baldwin does not achieve such clarification because he is waylaid by the obstructions: His racial or sexual obsessions or politicized dogmatism smothers his true artistic self. Even those arguments explicitly focused on questions of "race" or sexuality - or on their relation - often do not escape the structuring pull of a privileged transcendence that casts either one, the other, or both as unfortunate obstructions that might, with majestic artistic clarification, be surpassed. Thus, for many concerned with "race," Baldwin's focus on sexuality obfuscates (or, alternatively, movingly metaphorizes) questions of "race."(1) Sexuality, like "race" in certain accounts, appears as an obstruction to be overcome, a blockage in the path to artistic transcendence, even if this transcendence includes a fuller understanding of "race" and racial identity. In Emmanuel Nelson's reading of Baldwin, sexuality is, in several contradictory ways, an obstruction to be overcome. His essay "The Novels of James Baldwin: Struggles of Self-Acceptance" divides Baldwin's corpus into three stages. These stages show the author's "confrontation with and acceptance of his sexuality" and his struggle "toward a healing and liberating sense of self-acceptance" that manifests a "growing maturity of vision" (11). The relation of this self-acceptance to the closet, however, is a paradoxical one; the sign of both sexual self-acceptance and artistic maturity is a resolute silence about sexuality that can be distinguished from the closet's silence only by a tendentiously psychologized later absence of anxiety. In and out of the closet, one is silent about one's sexuality - in the first instance because one is afraid to speak one's desire, in the second because one has transcended this fear. While I would argue that, aesthetically speaking, the torturous middle ground of frantic and ecstatic self-betrayal is by far the more interesting, Nelson's account ties artistic accomplishment to a conflict-free authorial self-acceptance, and this achievement is tied to an ability to overcome the specificities of gayness, even as his account implicitly ties this overcoming of queerness to the closet.(2) Michael F. Lynch argues for the redemptive place of suffering in Another Country, for a sacrifice that enables the artistic transcendence of both "race" and sexuality. To Lynch, suffering forces the characters to examine themselves more critically, to accept responsibility for their actions, and, through the perils of self-disclosure and self-scrutiny, to achieve a healing reconciliation with themselves. …


This work focuses on a new mathematical framework to model the process of thermal oxidation in silicon. The mathematical model is derived from the fundamental conservation equations of mechanics. The mass balance law provides the description of the oxidant transport and the Si–SiO2 interface motion, and momentum balance provides the framework to model the displacements and stresses in the bulk and the oxide. The displacements define the geometry of the final oxide structure. The large expansion is treated within a mathematically exact formulation following a split of the deformation gradient. A thermodynamically consistent constitutive equation for silicon dioxide is suggested to represent recent experimental data. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Orthodontic implanted wires are made of different stainless steels, to regulate the teeth. The fluorinated toothpastes used during the period of the treatment may induce a corrosive effect on these stainless steels. Hence, the main objective of this research work is to investigate and evaluate the effect of fluorinated toothpaste on the corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel in Carter-Brugirard human saliva. Electrochemical methods such: Open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; have been used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of stainless steel in saliva and saliva mixed with fluorinated toothpaste. The OCP value recorded for 316L SS immersed in saliva mixed with fluorinated toothpaste was lower than 316L SS in saliva without fluorinated toothpaste. This behavior confirms a high reactivity of 316L SS in presence of fluorinated toothpaste. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicate a decreasing trend in specific polarization resistance of stainless steel 316L in presence of fluorinated toothpaste. The results show that the addition of a small quantity of fluorinated toothpaste in Carter-Brugirard human saliva affects the corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel.


This article reviews the statutory background of Title IX and provides an analysis of three recent legal cases that address gender equity issues. Most specifically, the article examines three recent lawsuits, all initiated and decided after 1988 legislation reinvigorated Title IX. These cases involving Colorado State University, Brown University, and Indiana University of Pennsylvania illustrate the approach the courts are taking on gender equity and the practical difficulties of achieving gender equity in an era of fiscal austerity. The article examines the impact of other recent litigation arising out of Title IX and analyzes the gender equity strategy of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The article concludes proposing a comprehensive game plan for Title IX compliance in today's fiscal climate by analyzing compliance factors, methods of achieving gender equity, and the economics and ethos of budget cutting.


A computer aided design and simulation system, based on the theory of using the standard cylindrical milling cutter in machining method for forming cylindrical spiral curved surface, is introduced. The theory and approach of CAD and simulation for double-axis screw are studied. The structure of the system and the function of each part of the system are described. The system has been applied successfully.


The utility model provides a forklift retractable platform applied to the technical field of forklifts, which comprises a forklift body (1), a lifting rack (2), a fork (4) and a base (5). The lifting rack (2) and the base (5) are connected through a hinge (6), a hydraulic cylinder (3) is disposed on the lifting rack (2), the base (5) and the lifting rack (2) are connected through a connecting chain (7), the connecting chain (7) is connected with a connecting chain winder (8) connected with a motor (9), and the motor (9) and the hydraulic cylinder (3) are respectively connected with a controller (11). The base of the forklift retractable platform when not in use can be folded, the base can be lifted for a certain angle according to characteristic of goods when in use, and the hydraulic cylinder can be lifted or lowered according to the heights of goods, thereby meeting lifting requirements of different goods.


The best-known source of the quote 'If I have seen a little further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants' has been taken from a letter of Sir Isaac Newton to Robert Hooke, expressing a sort of recognition to Descartes on his studies of light. Sir Isaac Newton was a Lucasian Professor (he held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge), so probably it is more than a coincidence that the same idea is the basis of the title of a compilation of scientific texts edited and commented by another Lucasian Professor, Stephen Hawking, 'On the shoulders of giants: The great works of physics and astronomy', which is about the contributions of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Sir Isaac Newton, and Albert Einstein. The reference to giants is metaphoric, recognizing the importance of the work performed by the predecessors as the base of the new findings. It cannot be another way, as the rise of civilization has depended on the capacity of each generation to remember what was learned by the previous ones. Oral and master-apprentice methods were the most common ways for passing knowledge from generation to generation, but they were limited due to the chances of forgetting or misunderstanding shared thoughts. There are many references to accidental learning, but it is likely improbable compared to needdriven research that could emerge, once again after certain learning is forgotten, with the repetition of similar experiences and reinventions along different generations. Perhaps writing is also a need-driven development so it was invented by different cultures. It was a great leap since it made it possible to transmit information through generations, despite the loss or death of those who generated it, and then have knowledge accumulation. This is the medulla of recognition to ancient people who left their legacy in innumerable documents and books. There are many factors that affect the path to reaching a high level of culture and technology to become a civilization. Knowledge generation requires people prepared to do so, it is not the available information, but the method to get data, produce information through analysis, and then have knowledge. Climbing on the shoulders of giants who left their legacy requires certain abilities and skills, therefore growing up is not fortuitous, as people are taught to seek out, and learn. The people with the necessary abilities to create inventions, apply knowledge, and generate it, are in principle formed in educative institutions, earning their academic degrees in sciences and engineering. During the process, they must learn and understand wellestablished knowledge, which has been produced over centuries. The teaching-learning process mainly depends on the student, who must assimilate the information that receives from the professor and the study material. A very important auxiliary in this process is the textbook of every subject because they compile the generated knowledge preserved over many generations.


"How many are gifted or talented?" Although very important, this question has received little attention from most scholars in gifted education. Four major variables are identified that directly impact prevalence estimates: (a) the type of definition endorsed—disjunctive or conjunctive, (b) the number of abilities/characteristics included, (c) the minimum selection threshold chosen, and (d) the correlations observed between the abilities included. A range of values was determined for the last three variables. By combining these values, we produced four tables of prevalence estimates, which reveal how these variables interact and how they affect the "how many" question. The results show that both the type of definition endorsed for the giftedness or talent concepts and the selection ratio have a crucial impact on the prevalence estimates. The authors argue that gifted education will never be recognized as a proper scientific field unless its scholars reach a consensus on both the definition and prevalence issues.


We aimed to study the outcomes of COVID‐19 in paediatric cancer patients. On 26 October 2021, we did a systematic search for relevant articles in seven electronic databases followed by manual search. We included cancer patients aged ≤18 years. Event rates and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used to report the results. We included 21 papers after screening of 2759 records. The pooled rates of hospitalisation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality were 44% (95%CI: 30–59), 14% (95%CI: 9–21) and 9% (95%CI: 6–12), respectively. Moreover, subgroup analysis revealed that high income countries had better COVID‐19 outcomes compared to upper middle income countries and lower middle income countries in terms of hospitalisation 30% (95%CI: 17–46), 60% (95%CI: 29–84) and 47% (95%CI: 36–58), ICU admission 7% (95%CI: 1–32), 13% (95%CI: 7–23) and 18% (95%CI: 6–41), and mortality 3% (95%CI: 2–5), 12% (95%CI: 8–18) and 13% (95%CI: 8–20), in order. In general, absence of specific pharmacologic intervention to prevent infection with the scarcity of vaccination coverage data among paediatric groups and its impact, high priority caution is required to avoid SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among paediatric cancer patients. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of promoting care facilities for this vulnerable population in low and middle income regions to ensure quality care among cancer patients during pandemic crisis.


The current regulatory environment, brought on by recent high-profile audit failures, expands the auditor's role in detecting fraud. For example, auditors must now provide an opinion on clients' internal controls, addressing their effectiveness at preventing or detecting fraud. While the structure of workpaper documentation has been shown to affect audit workpaper preparers' assessments of overall fraud risk, prior research has not addressed the role their reviewers' experience plays in mitigating documentation structure effects. Our study matches audit workpaper preparers with reviewers to investigate whether reviewer task-specific experience moderates the effect of fraud assessment documentation structure on the audit review team's ability to identify the presence of significant control weaknesses. Consistent with expectations, we find that preparers who are required to document components of their fraud assessments inappropriately provided more favorable (and lower quality) assessments of significant control weaknesses than those using either a supporting or balanced documentation structure. More importantly, results indicate that reviewer task-specific experience moderated the effect of documentation structure on reviewers' identification of control weaknesses such that experienced reviewers compensated more for the effect of component documentation than reviewers with less experience. These results suggest that reviewer task-specific experience may help reduce the previously observed "flow-through" effect of preparer workpaper deficiencies on reviewer judgments and provide support for new regulations emphasizing the role of experience during the control assessment process.


Abstract
 Croton longicarpus (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from southern Brazil, is here described and illustrated. The new species occurs in open vegetation and at the edges of Araucaria forest. The analysis of herbarium collections and observations from populations in the field indicate that the species has characters in common with members of Croton section Lamprocroton. The new species differs from other species in this section by its unusually elongated ovary and fruit, the narrowly spatulate sepals of the pistillate flowers, and long inflorescences.


To develop a new and efficient CO2-to-methanol catalyst is of extreme significance, but still remains a challenge. Herein we report an innovative indirect two-step improvement strategy to synthesize a highly efficient capsule-structured copper-based CO2-to-methanol catalyst (CZA-r@CZM). It consists of a structurally reconstructed millimeter-sized Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 core (CZA-r) with intensified Cu-ZnO interaction via a facile hydrothermal treatment in an alkaline aqueous solution and a Cu/ZnO/MgO (CZM) shell prepared by an ethylene glycol-assisted physically coating method, in which the CZA-r core displays 2.7 times higher CO2 hydrogenation activity with 2.0 times higher CO selectivity than the previously reported Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA-p), while the CZM shell can efficiently catalyze hydrogenation of the as-formed CO over CZA-r core to methanol as it passes the shell. As a result, the developed capsule-structured CZA-r@CZM catalyst exhibits 2.4 times higher CO2 conversion with the 1.8 times higher turnover frequency and 2.3 folds higher methanol space-time yield than the CZA-p catalyst (729.8 vs 312.6 gMeOH kgcat-1 h-1). In situ DRIFTs experiments reveal that the CO2 hydrogenation reaction proceeds through a reverse water gas shift followed by CO-hydrogenation pathway via *H3CO intermediate. This work not only produces a novel and efficient CO2-to-methanol catalyst, but also opens a new avenue for designing much superior catalysts for the other consecutive transformations.


This paper isbased ontheworkdonetogrowthesemiconductor layers ofIII-V compound, based on AlGaAs/GaAs forthelaser diode. TheLaser diode isanoptoelectronic device that consists ofmanylayers stacked oneupontheother. Laser diodes based ontheIll-V compound ispreferred because ofhighmobility of electrons, lowmassanddirect bandgapascompared toSi.Thesemiconductor layers ofthelaser diode are grownbyMolecular BeamEpitaxy system because MBEiscapable ofproducing extremely highpurity and highly crystalline thinfilms withprecise control overcomposition, doping andinterfaces infraction of nanometer range inthegrowth direction with precise lateral uniformity. Togrowthehighquality layers, onehas tooptimize thevarious growth parameters suchaspressure, temperature andflux ratio etc. Inthis paper we discuss thegrowth ofthesemiconductor layers ofGaAs/AlGaAs forthedouble hetrostructure laser diode by optimizing thevarious growth parameters.


As 3D design software is widely used for the moment,modeling standard has become more and more important.On the base of analyzing the NX template technology,this paper gives the example to demonstrate how to register modeling and drafting template file on the platform of UG NX.It may be useful in practice,and can improve the design efficiency.


This paper examines the asymmetry in inflectional matching effects between the sharing type of across-the-board (ATB) movement and right node raising constructions. We show that contrary to Bo?kovi? and Lasnik's (2003) argument, both constructions can receive a unified analysis under the view that the ATB-moved or RNRed element is formed via external remerge (ER) by conjoining together the two identical constituents drawn from the first and second conjunct clauses. More specifically, given the view, the asymmetry in inflectional matching effects follows from timing of Agree in relation to ER. In RNR, ER precedes Agree for the RNRed element, but in ATB movement, ER follows Agree for the ATB-moved element.


In relevant tuberculosis incidence there are no favourable tendencies which are due to incomplete inclusion of the workers into prophylactic examinations for tuberculosis, irregular fluorographic examinations, concomitant diseases and heavy alcohol drinking. High incidence of tuberculosis was observed among persons in the prime of their life, mainly males and experienced workers. High efficiency control of tuberculosis resulted in lower tuberculosis incidence with temporary invalidity as to the cases and days per 100 workers. The present incidence of chronic nonspecific diseases of the lungs with temporary invalidity requires organization of hospital care for pulmonological patients at the medical and sanitary departments of the plants.


Here, the issue of physical layer security in a two‐way multi‐antenna relay network) is studied. In such a network, two multi‐antenna transceivers attempt to exchange their secret messages via a multi‐antenna relay node in the presence of an eavesdropper. Throughout the first hop, two sources send their messages to the relay node, while an eavesdropper tries to overhear these messages. Then, in the second hop, the relay attempts to send its signal in the null‐space direction of relay‐to‐eavesdropper channel to prevent eavesdropping. The main goal is to obtain effective receive and transmit beamforming vectors at transceivers as well as the beamforming matrix at the relay node to address the secrecy rate balancing problem. The underlying problem is not convex in general. To overcome this issue, the original problem is divided into three subproblems. In the first subproblem the beamforming design at the relay is optimized while in the second subproblem the receive beamforming in a closed form solution is obtained. Finally, in the last subproblem the transmit beamforming is solved using the semi‐definite relaxation and Taylor series expansion. Numerical results represent the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to the previous works in the literature.


Using a pulse electric current sintering (PECS) method, β–SiC and α–SiC powders doped with a few weight percent of Al_2O_3–Y_2O_3 oxide or Al_4C_3–B_4C–C nonoxide additives were rapidly densified to high densities (95.2–99.7%) within less than 30 min of total processing time. When Al_2O_3–Y_2O_3 additive was used, both ceramics resulting from β–SiC and α–SiC had fine, equiaxed microstructures. In contrast, when Al_4C_3–B_4C–C additive was used, the ceramic resulting from α–SiC had a coarse, equiaxed microstructure, whereas the ceramic resulting from β–SiC was composed of large elongated grains whose formation was accompanied by the β →?α phase transformation of SiC. Compared with the Al_2O_3–Y_2O_3-doped SiC ceramics, the Al_4C_3–B_4C–C-doped SiC ceramics had higher densities, lower fracture toughness, and higher hardness. The fracture mode of the oxide-doped SiC was mainly intergranular, whereas the nonoxide-doped SiC exhibited almost complete intragranular fracture that was attributed to the higher interfacial bonding strength.


Introduction: Excessive screen time among young children is associated with screen dependency. At this moment, there is a lack of data on screen dependency among young children in Malaysia. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of screen dependency and its associated factors among preschool children in Kuala Lumpur. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at registered preschools in Kuala Lumpur. 300 parents of preschool children aged 4 to 6 years old who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited via simple random sampling. The Screen Dependency Scale (SDS) were used to assess their dependency to screen media. Univariate and multivariate statistics were analysed using IBM SPSS version 27. Results: The prevalence of screen dependency among preschool children in Kuala Lumpur was 65.7%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that using the screen to resolve children's quarrels (aOR 2.855, 95% CI 1.187 - 6.868), children who use smartphones (aOR 2.735, 95% CI: 1.244 - 6.013), children's screen time exceeds 2 hours over the weekend (aOR 2.261, 95% CI: 1.058 - 4.830) and having a television in the bedroom (aOR 5.562, 95% CI: 1.591 - 19.442) were predictors for screen dependency. While active co-use mediation (aOR 0.505, 95% CI: 0.302 - 0.845) were protective. Conclusion: The prevalence of screen dependency was high among preschool children in Kuala Lumpur. Active screening at health care clinics or in schools is essential to identify early children with risk factors for screen dependency.


Two different real-space techniques, the renormalization-group blocking method and finitecell scaling, are applied to a Hamiltonian of interacting fermions in one dimension which considers repulsion between electrons on neighboring sites. The localization transition which occurs at $T=0$ when the strength of the electron repulsion increases is qualitatively well described by both techniques. However, the essential singularity which appears in the exact solution is only recovered by the finite-cell-scaling method.


The idea of rejuvenation has fascinated people throughout history. The famous painting of Lukas Cranach, which shows the imaginary fountain of youth, reflects the wishes and hopes of past and present societies only too well. Would it be possible to 'rejuvenate' processes in organisms to combat pathological conditions? This question has raised much attention over the recent years. For the nervous system, if and how pathological processes, including axon degeneration and cell death, could be counteracted by reactivating programs that drive neuronal development, is intensely discussed. In this issue, we have compiled a set of reviews that highlight neurodevelopmental mechanisms and discuss their potential to induce regeneration within the nervous system. Closely linked to this theme, the reviews also consider how aberrant developmental processes could lead to the pathological changes that result in neurological diseases. Rather than rejuvenating the system, these malfunctioning processes lead to decay. Together, these reviews give a current perspective on a range of neurodevelopmental processes, how these processes are affected in neural diseases and how these processes could be exploited toward regeneration.


High quality epitaxial ZnO films were grown on c-plane sapphire substrates at low temperature using the electron cyclotron resonance-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (ECR-assisted MBE) technique, in which zinc vapor provided by a Knudsen cell reacted with oxygen activated in an ECR source on the surface of sapphire substrate. The crystal structure and the surface morphology of the films were investigated. It was confirmed that the ECR-assisted MBE technique was capable of growing high quality epitaxial ZnO films on c-plane sapphire substrates at low temperatures in comparison with CVD or RF sputtering deposition. Furthermore, the FWHM of an X-ray rocking curve of the (0002) peak for a 0.33 µ m-thick ZnO film grown epitaxially at the substrate temperature of 275° C and the oxygen pressure of 2×10-4 Torr was as narrow as 0.58°.


Until fairly recently readers of Martial have not been able to turn to good commentaries even on individual books, while Friedlander's commentary on the complete works was disappointingly thin. Editors preferred to avoid difficulties over taste by confining their attention to prudently selected epigrams. Commentaries on Book I by Citroni in 1975 and by Howell in 1980 at last brought assistance. Yet even then some doubts were raised over the scale of commentaries. In his review of Howell J. G. Griffith {CR 32 [1982], 170ff.) remarks that a commentary on the same scale on the whole of Martial would cost £275. The appearance of Kay's commentary on Book XI at a price of £35 will confirm Griffith's fears, and some more economical coverage of the remaining books is to be desired. The introduction has six sections: (i) the date of Book XI; (ii) the text; (iii) the arrangement of epigrams in Book XI; (iv) the form and structure of Martial's epigrams; (v) Latin epigram before Martial; (vi) the Nachleben of Martial from late antiquity. In his brief history of the text K. refers the reader to Citroni for a fuller discussion. Although he bases his own text and apparatus largely on Lindsay's OCT he rejects Lindsay's theory of author-variants, but points to some possible examples of early editing (1.61.5, 1.108.9, 3.16.5, 6.80.8. 9.90.12, 11.29.3, 11.39.10, 12.94.5, 13.65.2, 14.29.2). K. credits M. with success in using his arrangement of epigrams to give the book interesting variety in a unified framework: 'The reader who goes through it from beginning to end will not be bored by a long run of poems of an identical nature.' Yet the opening group of six epigrams may seem to some to labour M.'s justification for adopting a Saturnalian licence and his wish to eulogize the emperor. K. observes that the idea of bawdiness forms the backbone of the book, but one could question whether the concentration on this theme in epigrams 21-30 can at the same time provide the variety mentioned by K. He praises M. for holding the book together by various devices such as the use of connected cycles and the use of pairs or groups of epigrams to complement or contrast with each other (4-5, 9-10, 13-14, 41-42, 48-50(49), 90-91; 91 is also linked with 93, which in turn is linked with 94). Not all these contrasts seen by K. are equally convincing. One might, for example, accept the juxtaposition of 14, the parody of epitaph, with 13, M.'s safely belated but serious epitaph on the actor Paris, but greater reservations arise over K.'s notes on 91: in placing Canace's epitaph immediately after 90, with its quotation of Lucilius' epitaph on the slave Metrophanes, M. is said to contrast modern sophistication and polish with ancient ineptitude. Now in 90 M. had chosen to combine condemnation of Chrestillus' taste for archaism with a hint at his fellatio, and it is doubtful whether this induces the reader to feel sympathy for the dead slave-girl in 91, nor for that matter is the reader guided in that direction by the Lucanesque sensationalism of the description of the girl's fatal disease.


Hydrodynamic journal bearing stability tests were conducted with 1.5 in. diameter, 1.5 in. long fixed geometry bearings in water at 80 F with zero load. Five fixed geometry bearings were rated in order of diminishing stability as follows: (1) three-tilted-lobe bearing (offset factor of 1.0), (2) herringbone-groove bearing, (3) one-segment, three-pod, shrouded Rayleigh-step bearing, (4) three-tilted-lobe journal with axial grooves (offset factor of 1.0) mated with a plain bearing, and (5) three-centrally-lobed bearing with axial grooves (offset factor of 0.5). The various parameters that affect the stability of each bearing configuration were investigated.


Aim. Periodically emitted spiral waves of cAMP determine the directed movement of individual amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum towards the aggregation centers, which are the sources of these waves. Overall behavior of cell population that includes at this stage the thousands of independent organisms, could be reproduced and visualized through 2D simulation modeling. Methods. Object-oriented Pharo programming language was applied to create the model. As the source of random numbers the explicit inversive congruential generator was used. The following processes were attributed to developing population of individual amoebae: appearance of randomly distributed initial cells/spores; the search of feeding substrate; mitosis; forming (depending on the local environment) of the active aggregation centers; periodical emittances of cAMP spiral waves from the aggregation centers; directed movement of the amoebae, which were captured by the cAMP wave, towards aggregation center. Results. In course of the simulation of the feeding and subsequent mitosis, small initial population of amoebae was multiplied and distributed in the borders of specified area. When reaching a finite population density, the appearance of few active aggregation centers took place. Spiral cAMP waves periodically propagated from these centers in 2D area of the model. The cells, which were "covered" by the wave, begun their movement to the corresponding aggregation center, intermitted with the periods of the rest. During migration the cells formed the characteristic "streams". Conclusion. This model could provide additional important information in the study of the phases and underlying mechanisms of self-organizing cell populations.


Investment in information systems and technology is often justified as a necessary strategy for coping with the increased complexity and information needs of today/s manufacturing environments. However, the world class manufacturing paradigm suggests that increased complexity is not always necessary to meet the needs of markets and customers. Galbraith/s (1973, 1977) seminal information-processing model is applied to a manufacturing environment, supported by the world class manufacturing paradigm, to test the role of various information-processing alternatives for coping with increased environmental complexity. Moderated regression and multiple discriminant analysis are used to test hypotheses in a sample of 164 manufacturing plants. Environmental complexity was found to be related to manufacturing performance for each of the five dependent variables. This relationship was moderated by at least one information-processing alternative for each dependent variable, including self-contained tasks, lateral relations, and environmental management strategies for reducing manufacturing, supplier, and goal diversity. Investments in information systems and reduction of labor and customer diversity did not moderate this relationship. Practices that were found to be particularly effective in moderating this relationship included the use of multifunctional employees, communication of manufacturing strategy, coordination of decision making, product design simplicity, reduction of parts counts, supervisory interaction facilitation, recruiting and selection for flexible employees, JIT practices, blanket purchase orders, and strong customer relationships.


Guarana and Sachalin rhodiola rhizome have rich nutritional and medicinal value and similar and helpful nourishing function in sports. Through the extraction of Guarana and Sachalin rhodiola rhizome and removing tannin and purification, their unique tastes and odors can be maintained and improved. Meanwhile mixed with fruit syrup and honey through orthogonal test to determine the optimum ratio, good-flavored sports beverage are researched.


ABSTRACT
                    This article is intended to determine the condition of non-certified private high school teachers in the city of Padang as well as to find out what factors are causing private high school teachers in the city of Padang to find certification both externally and internally. Using qualitative research with the type of case study research. The selection of informants is done by purposive sampling. Phase-data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, documentation. Data analysis techniques used include; Collecting data, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion conclusions. The results of this study indicate how teachers in Padang private high schools and the factors that cause private high school teachers in Padang are few who get certified. The conditions obtained are 1) low welfare level, 2) low health level, 3) incompetent practice. While the factors found there are external and internal factors. External factors are as follows 1) the difficulty of the PPG procedure, 2) lack of teaching hours obtained, 3) do not have a permanent foundation. The internal factors are as follows 1) not optimal in making learning plans, 2) the absence of professional development work, 3) non-participation in scientific forums, 4) no experience educational and social organizations, 5) did not get awards that were relevant to the field of education.


The results of a numerical study of the envelopes of radio pulses scattered from wire antennas, a cylinder, a rocket of class air-to-ground are given. The spectral method and the method of moments are used.


Cognitive theory posits that beliefs and attitudes directly influence behaviour. Accordingly, research examining clinically(e.g., substance use) and socially(e.g., stereotyping) relevant behaviours depends on proper assessments of these cognitions. Although frequently used, explicit, selfreports of beliefs/attitudes may be limited as they assume that behaviours are primarily a function of controlled, explicit cognitive processes. Conversely, theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that some behaviours are motivated by automatic, implicit cognitive processes (without conscious deliberation). The development of implicit cognition measures is a growing field in itself. The most promising, psychometrically sound, and widely used measures of implicit cognition will be reviewed.


Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Mikko Maksimainen Name of the doctoral dissertation Adaptation luminance in a road lighting environment: analysis of non-uniform luminance distribution Publisher School of Electrical Engineering Unit Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 172/2016 Field of research Illumination Manuscript submitted 19 May 2016 Date of the defence 25 October 2016 Permission to publish granted (date) 16 August 2016 Language English Monograph Article dissertation Essay dissertation Abstract In mesopic photometry, neither the scotopic V ′(λ) nor the photopic V (λ) spectral luminous efficiency function solely applies. Instead, the spectral distribution of the luminaire and the adaptation state of the retina determine the mesopic spectral luminous efficiency function Vmes(λ). The mesopic luminance region was defined as 0.005 cdm−2 − 5 cdm−2 by CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) in 191:2010 System for mesopic photometry. However, the system for mesopic photometry cannot be fully utilised, until we have defined how to determine the state of adaptation – the adaptation luminance. The aim of this work was to analyse the adaptation luminance in road lighting environment. Firstly, the test subjects' contrast thresholds within visual fields with non-uniform luminance distributions were examined. Secondly, the influence of disability glare sources on the adaptation luminance was quantified. Thirdly, a novel approach, where imaging luminance photometry is combined with 3D laser scanning, was examined. Luminance non-uniformity clearly hindered the visual performance. The contrast threshold required for target detection could be 100% more on a luminously nonuniform background compared to a uniform background. The results also indicated that different retinal coordinates adapt independently to a local adaptation luminance. In the street environment measurements, veiling luminance increased the adaptation luminance by 29% on average. Veiling luminance increases the adaptation luminance which shifts the spectral sensitivity in the retina towards photopic. This induced an average difference of |0.6%| in mesopic luminance calculation. The observer's longitudinal location affects the adaptation luminance and the mesopic luminance in the measurement area. The location-dependent relative standard deviation among the calculated mesopic luminance values was 4.4%. Combining luminance measurements to laser-scanned point clouds gave promising results. The method for the 3D location and luminance data integration was found successful. In the field of lighting science, numerous further studies are needed before the adaptation luminance can be determined accurately. Firstly, no veiling luminance model can yet be utilised to an arbitrary retinal coordinate. Secondly, the effect of a constantly changing visual environment should be quantified. Thirdly, the physiological adaptation and the cognitive processing should be separated in terms of visual performance. In practical road lighting measurements though, the luminance in the measurement area can be a sufficient estimation for the adaptation luminance.In mesopic photometry, neither the scotopic V ′(λ) nor the photopic V (λ) spectral luminous efficiency function solely applies. Instead, the spectral distribution of the luminaire and the adaptation state of the retina determine the mesopic spectral luminous efficiency function Vmes(λ). The mesopic luminance region was defined as 0.005 cdm−2 − 5 cdm−2 by CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) in 191:2010 System for mesopic photometry. However, the system for mesopic photometry cannot be fully utilised, until we have defined how to determine the state of adaptation – the adaptation luminance. The aim of this work was to analyse the adaptation luminance in road lighting environment. Firstly, the test subjects' contrast thresholds within visual fields with non-uniform luminance distributions were examined. Secondly, the influence of disability glare sources on the adaptation luminance was quantified. Thirdly, a novel approach, where imaging luminance photometry is combined with 3D laser scanning, was examined. Luminance non-uniformity clearly hindered the visual performance. The contrast threshold required for target detection could be 100% more on a luminously nonuniform background compared to a uniform background. The results also indicated that different retinal coordinates adapt independently to a local adaptation luminance. In the street environment measurements, veiling luminance increased the adaptation luminance by 29% on average. Veiling luminance increases the adaptation luminance which shifts the spectral sensitivity in the retina towards photopic. This induced an average difference of |0.6%| in mesopic luminance calculation. The observer's longitudinal location affects the adaptation luminance and the mesopic luminance in the measurement area. The location-dependent relative standard deviation among the calculated mesopic luminance values was 4.4%. Combining luminance measurements to laser-scanned point clouds gave promising results. The method for the 3D location and luminance data integration was found successful. In the field of lighting science, numerous further studies are needed before the adaptation luminance can be determined accurately. Firstly, no veiling luminance model can yet be utilised to an arbitrary retinal coordinate. Secondly, the effect of a constantly changing visual environment should be quantified. Thirdly, the physiological adaptation and the cognitive processing should be separated in terms of visual performance. In practical road lighting measurements though, the luminance in the measurement area can be a sufficient estimation for the adaptation luminance. 1


The experiments simulating shallow flow from upslope were carried out to investigate the effects of slope gradient on runoff,soil erosion processes and the transport processes of non-sorbed chemicals (bromine) on red soil slopes.The results showed that the initial time of runoff decreased with the increase of slope gradient.The influence of slope gradient on the variation rule and total amount of runoff was hardly significant.The variation of sediment concentration with time was the attenuation trend of half sine wave.With the increase of slope gradient,the period became short and the amplitude was magnified.The sediment loss gross amount increased by power function with the increase of slope gradients.The influence of slope gradient on the migration characteristics of soil solute such as bromine was significant with shallow flow scouring.As slope gradient increase,bromide concentration in runoff gradually increased.The predominated leaching loss of bromine on low-angle slopes was gradually transformed into runoff loss on high-angle slopes.


(GEB) was a drag on the government's finances and on the state's development, roundly hated by consumers and abhorred by farmers. A decade later, the same agency metamorphosed into a model public utility, efficient, agile and profitable, winning global awards for innovation and customer service. It also became the pump-primer of Gujarat's economic success in industry, commerce and agriculture. Once perennially power-deficit, Gujarat built up embarrassing power surplus. Once abhorred by consumers, Gujarat's power utility is delighting its customers. Bureaucratic sloth has given way to technical innovation, customer orientation and a vibrant business ethic.


This article focuses on the question of whether public policy changes and/or the new economy have influenced the social returns to R&D expenditure in UK manufacturing over the three decades up to the end of the millennium. The basic methodology is reasonably straightforward, to estimate a production function in which, in addition to labour and fixed capital, R&D appears separately in a form that directly enables estimates of the social return to investment in knowledge and how it has changed over time. The results suggest that neither changes in government R&D policy nor the new economy have raised social returns to R&D.


Using a well-known wire-tap model, novel wireless secrecy analyses under dual <italic>correlated</italic> Nakagami- <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula> fading with a real fading parameter <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula> are reported. Infinite summations for incomplete gamma functions are employed to derive compact expressions for secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability (SOP) under noninteger <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Independently, using finite summations, corresponding closed-form findings for integer <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula> are also derived. In the current literature, finite summations for the incomplete gamma functions, whose first arguments and hence <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula> must be an integer, are employed to obtain closed-form expressions for, first, the SOP (with an unknown passive wire-tapper's channel state information), and second, ergodic secrecy capacity (with partially known active wire-tapper's channel state information under slow fading). The new secrecy results for noninteger <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula> generalize the proposed findings for integer <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula> , and existing findings under dual correlated Rayleigh fading for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m=1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The new findings can thus be comprehensively employed for wireless secrecy computation under dual <italic>correlated</italic> Nakagami-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math> </inline-formula> fading for real <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Infinite-summation convergence and cross verification are also obtained for a finite number of terms, which shows the practicality and consistency of the new findings. For the first time, secrecy analyses employing an adaptive encoder with <sc>on/off</sc> transmission are performed under dual correlated Nakagami-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula> fading for real <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $m$</tex-math></inline-formula> to not only improve wireless secrecy, but also achieve the eventual successful transmission from a source to a destination. The new SOP results for real <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $m$</tex-math></inline-formula> can be employed as lower bounds and complete theoretical secrecy analyses, for SOP under dual <italic>correlated</italic> Nakagami-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math> </inline-formula> fading with integer <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Simulation results are employed to show matching between the proposed findings and existing findings.


Summary L-fibroblast cell cultures were treated with varying concentrations of 1, 3, 5, (10), 16-estratetraen-3-ol (#742) dissolved in propylene glycol. Propylene glycol (2%) was found to stimulate the mitotic rate. With #742 added the mitotic rate and total cell number were increased markedly. The presence of propylene glycol and #742 caused a distinct change in the morphology of the cells present in the cultures.


This case study details the development of a systematic, programme-focused assessment and feedback strategy by the Humanities Programme Team, in Dublin City University's Open Education
Unit. Such a strategy is represented by a design that explicitly provides students with appropriate opportunities to attain all programme learning outcomes, as well as module learning outcomes, as they advance through their studies. An essential aspect of this endeavour was to ensure the appropriate usage and variety of assessment types, and integral to this is the need to ensure that appropriate feedback is being provided to students for each of these assessment types. As such
appropriate feedback mechanisms are vital in order to achieve a successful assessment that makes a real impact on learners. This is
especially important in students first year of study when positive experiences with assessment feedback can contribute to retaining students.