Introduction: Total skin electron beam (TSEB) therapy represents a valid treatment option in the management of patients with cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma (CTCL) with diffuse skin involvement. While the efficacy of TSEB for palliative treatment is well established, its inclusion as a debulking strategy before reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has been only recently reported. Due to the lack of hematopoietic toxicity, TSEB may also be effectively administered in patients relapsing after allo-HSCT. With this study we aimed to retrospectively investigate the use of TSEB among patients who underwent to allo-HSCT in our Center for advanced CTCL.
 Patients & Methods: As of July 2019, 45 CTCL patients (26 M and 19 F, median age 54 years, range 19-66) all having stage IIB to IV refractory Mycosis Fungoides (MF, n=33) or Sézary Syndrome (SS, n=12) underwent allo-HSCT from HLA-identical sibling (n=18), unrelated donors (n=23) or haploidentical related donors (n=4). Median time from diagnosis to HSCT was 46 months and median number of previous treatment lines was 6. Source of stem cells was peripheral blood in 40 patients, bone marrow in 4 patients and cord blood in 1 patient. Conditioning regimens included FC/TBI200, pentostatin/TBI200, fludarabine/melphalan and TT/CTX/Fluda/TBI200. Outcomes at 5-years were: OS 51% (33%-66%), DFS 40% (20%-50%), NRM 15% (4%-27%) and relapse incidence 48% (32%-65%). Clinical charts of the whole series of patients were extensively reviewed to collect information on the use of TSEB from diagnosis to the last follow up date.
 Results: Overall 21 patients of the series received TSEB with dose fractionation of 2 Gy in 2 days administered with the Stanford Technique as part of their treatment strategy. In six cases it was included among the lines of treatment administered over the disease course preceding transplant referral, with a total dose of 36 Gy in all of them. In 13 patients TSEB was part of the debulking strategy for patients with chemorefractory disease just prior to allo-HSCT with a median total dose of 24 Gy (range 10.8- 36). In 4 patients TSEB was administered after transplantation: as a salvage treatment for skin relapse during early post tranplant intense immunosuppression phase in 3 cases (12, 36, 21.6 Gy respectively) and as palliative treatment for disease progression in one case (36 Gy).
 Among patients who received TSEB as a bridge to transplant strategy, CR was achieved in 5 cases: at the last follow up visit (median time from transplantation 23 months, range 6-80) 4 were alive with persistent CR, whereas 1 patient who experienced graft failure died from disease progression 31 months after transplantation. Partial remission (PR) was documented in 7 (very good in 2): at the last follow up visit (median time from transplantation 14 months, range 6-52) 2 patients were alive in CR and 5 died: 3 from disease progression, 1 from GVHD and 1 from myocardial infarction 42 months after transplantion. In 1 patient, who only showed minimal response to TSEB therapy, death from disease progression occurred 9 months after an autologous-allogeneic tandem transplant strategy.
 All the 3 patients receiving TSEB after allo-HSCT for early relapse achieved a new and durable CR maintained at the last follow up date (42, 21 and 10 months after transplant respectively), suggesting the occurrence of a durable graft-versus-lymphoma effect following TSEB.
 As far as safety is concerned, only grade 1 skin toxicity (erythematous reactions) was observed in a minority of patients, while no case of haematological toxicity was documented.
 Conclusions: Our experience confirmed TSEB as a particularly safe and potentially effective treatment strategy in CTCL patients, both to induce remission prior to allo-HSCT and to rescue early post transplant relapse occurring before immunosuppression withdrawal.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


There is growing interest in high-energy astrophysics community for the development of sensitive instruments in the hard X-ray energy extending to few hundred keV. This requires position sensitive detector modules with high efficiency in the hard X-ray energy range. Here, we present development of a detector module, which consists of 25 mm x 25 mm CeBr3 scintillation detector, read out by a custom designed two dimensional array of Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPM). Readout of common cathode of SiPMs provides the spectral measurement whereas the readout of individual SiPM anodes provides measurement of interaction position in the crystal. Preliminary results for spectral and position measurements with the detector module are presented here.


Sporadic cyclic variations of the cosmic-ray intensity with periods of 19 to 24 days have been found from the results of balloon and neutron monitor observations. These variations were observed mainly in the years of high solar activity, 1958–62. They appeared to be caused by the general solar activity which, as our treatment has shown, undergoes similar cyclic variations (according to sunspot number or 10.7-cm radio-emissions). The variations under investigation appear with a lag of about 1.5 months compared with the solar-activity variations.


Research Objective: The aim of this article is to refer novel research on impression formation and halo effect outcomes to the classical series of experiments conducted by Solomon Asch in 1946. In Asch's article presenting these experiments several theories and ideas are outlined and they are cited and broadened today by social cognition psychologists. The Research Problem and Methods: The article provides a critical overview of scientific research concerning the process of impression formation. The analysis of these research outcomes enabled to show Solomon Asch's theories in an updated light. The Process of Argumentation: In the first part of this paper an influence of central features, mainly "warmth" and "coldness" is being discussed. In the second part outer factors, such as the sequence of learning the features, affective influences and the length of acquaintance with an evaluated person are being discussed in the context of forming an impression of a person. In the third part the phenomenon of  the relativity of the attributes' sense depending on co-existing features is being described. Research Results: Experiments presented in the paper confirm Asch's observations and support the thesis that the general impression influences the perception of particular features of a person. People are not aware of the existence of this phenomenon. Conclusions, Innovations and Recommendations: The outcomes of research discussed in the paper have several practical implications for people evaluating by profession, such as teachers, recruiters or jurors and for the people who are being evaluated. They should be aware of the distortions made by automatic impression formation concerning personality or competences of other people and they ought to realize that surrendering to such an automatic mechanism can make an evaluator responsible for the fate of the evaluated person in context of their school or professional career.


This paper discusses with the protective relay technology over the past 25 years has evolved from single-function electromechanical (EM) relays, to static (electronic) relays, and, finally, to digital multifunction relays. A significant number of these multifunction digital relays are being installed on medium-voltage electric power systems within industrial and commercial facilities. As was required in earlier EM and static relay technologies, digital relays also require commissioning and relay-setting verification. This article discusses the unique challenges the user faces in testing and commissioning digital multifunction relays. It also explores the impact on maintenance testing of self-diagnostics, the digital relay's internal capability to check itself for failures.


Based on concise analysis of policy mechanism during the reform of health system in rural areas,this article constructed policy value and policy object to analyze a model of rural new type health service system.It had proposed a basic framework of new health system.


practice should support doctors by identifying and disseminating the most scientifically sound healthcare practices. When performed rigorosly, this endeavor improves patient care and elevates the profession toward its scientific ideal. However, widespread financial conflicts of interest among the authors and sponsors of clinical practice guidelines have turned many guidelines into marketing tools of industry. Financial conflicts are pervasive, under-reported, influential in marketing, and uncurbed over time. 1-7 Biased guidelines can cause grave harms to patients, while creating a dilemma for doctors, who may face professional or legal consequences when they choose not to follow guidelines they distrust. Such guidelines fail to place patients' needs foremost, and instead protect livelihoods and preserve ideologies.


_Public Administration is a branch of Social Science disciplines taught at universities in Indonesia. Indonesia is a country that is predominantly Muslim. However, the education system faces problems of secularization that is split between education and religion. This can be seen in the teaching of public administration disciplines which mostly uses Western worldview than the Islamic worldview. The results of the study, to several libraries of the universities in Indonesia showed that the administration public textbooks available to students mostly from the Western textbooks than Islamic textbooks, that it has generated a lot of administrative problems in Indonesia; while the textbooks approach puts Islamic worldview and religion as a source of knowledge, to achieve happiness in the world and life hereafter inwardly and outwardly very little available. Therefore, Islamic public administration is needed; and it requires steps for Islamization of public administration in higher education in Indonesia; to empowering character education for national defence.


There is now ample evidence that chickenpox can produce fatal complications in patients with acute leukemia. The prognosis, however, is not invariably bad. In the past three years, we have observed twelve cases of varicella in leukemic patients, all of whom recovered (Table I).
 Nine of the twelve cases occurred during two epidemics on the childrens' ward. The incubation period ranged from 14-24 days with a median of 19 days. The remaining three were infected at home. Eight children were in marrow remission, two were in partial remission (Nos. 9 & 10) and two had relapsed (Nos. 11 & 12). Three patients were severely ill (Nos. 10, 11 & 12), and none of these was in complete remission. Patient No. 11 had profound leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, but did not develop hemorrhagic lesions probably because of the frequent administration of platelet transfusions.


Many morphologic findings of histology can be translated into mathematically computerized data, and identifying important parameters is primarily pathologists' task as users. Shape‐specific parameters based on computational geometry properties of glands can be used in the field of pathology. We evaluated the diagnostic utility of three shape‐specific parameters: the chord intersection ratio, convexity ratio, and maximum concave area ratio for branching classification of glands.


Ti6A14V was treated by oxygen plasma based ion implantation of-30 and-50 kV.The structure of the oxygen-implanted layer was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GXRD) and Raman spectra.TiO_2 is predominant in the implanted layer of all implanted sample.For the samples implanted at-30 kV,TiO_2 exists as amorphous,and annealing at 500~C in vacuum makes it crystal to form ruffle.However,the implantation at-50 kV can directly produce rutile.


The extremely low dark current of silicon carbide (SiC) detectors, even after high-fluence irradiation, was utilized to develop a beam monitoring system for a wide range of particle rates, i.e., from the kHz to the GHz regime. The system is completely built from off-the-shelve components and is focused on compactness and simple deployment. Beam tests using a 50 um thick SiC detector reveal, that for low fluences, single particles can be detected and counted. For higher fluences, beam properties were extracted from beam cross sections using a silicon strip detector. Overall accurate results were achieved up to a particle rate of 109 particles per second.


A knowledge based society demands the use of new instruments and technologies utilization that have more impact in the generation, administration, transference and application of the information generated by knowledge for decision making, innovation and competitiveness. This paper proposes that information systems are positioned as


The effects of channel wall material on Hall thruster performance and on plasma characteristics were investigated. A laboratory-model Hall thruster THT-III was operated with three channel wall materials of BN, BNSiN and BNAlN. Both the discharge current and the thrust were affected by the nature of the channel wall materials. The measured axial distributions of wall and plasma potentials, radial and axial electron temperatures, and electron number density near the channel walls showed that the wall material affected ionization region and ion wall loss in the channel, resulting from secondary electron emission, although ion acceleration region was determined by the axial distribution of radial magnetic field. The difference in discharge current between channel wall materials was considered to be caused by the difference in axial current density near the inner channel wall, depending on secondary electron emission.


The pontine nucleus Locus Coeruleus (LC) provides noradrenergic innervation to the whole brain. It is involved in neuronal homeostasis, sleep/wake cycle and in specific cognitive functions. Several data suggest a degeneration of LC in neurodegenerative disorders. Recent post‐mortem studies showed that LC is not affected by ageing (Theofilas et al., 2017, Alzheimers Dement. 13:236‐46). Using a neuromelanin‐sensitive 3 Tesla MRI protocol, we assessed LC integrity in healthy elderly subjects, exploring also the occurrence of age‐related modifications and evaluating any correlation with cognitive performance.


Morphological, numerical and chemical taxonomy of the genus Crataegus was studied in the East and northeast of Iran. More than 80 fresh specimens as well as 50 herbarium specimens from different localities were examind. Using vegetative and reproductive morphological characters an identification key is provided for all taxa. For numerical taxonomy 85 morphological characters were measured and the data were analysed by UPGMA method using NTSYS software. In chemotaxonomical study using paper chromatography, about 41 flavonoid spots were recognised by UV ray and UV+NH3 steam. The results showed the studied taxa can be classified into one section (sect. Crataegus), five series (ser. Crataegus, ser. Erianthae, ser.Orientales, ser. Pentagyna and ser. Microphyllae), and 13 taxa at species and infra-species  level.


Situation of Polish archeology in 1945 literally and figuratively resembled a "landscape after battle" (Stobiecki 2007: 106). Due to war military operations, nearly one third of the archeologists had died1 (Gurba 2005: 257–264) and those who survived, were facing unprecedented problems. They had to recreate museum collections, commence academic education, and prepare research programs; however, they also had to figure out their place in the new sociopolitical reality, forced on Poland through the decision of the Big Three conference in Yalta and Potsdam (change of borders, loss of independence, and communists taking over power). The question about the "shape" of the reviving archeology had taken a key significance. Venturing a generalization of sorts, it can be said that there was a clash between the advocates of the continuation of the tradition of this discipline from the years 1918–1939 who realized the need for revisions of certain outlooks, and their critics who favored a fundamental reconstruction of archeology based on the theory of historical materialism (Stobiecki 2006: 127–156). At the end of the 1940's, with the arrival of the Stalinist era, the winning idea was the one advocating for the rejection of the interwar period traditions in favor of establishing the foundations of the new "socialist science" based on


Eight organs of 148 embryos, chicks, and chickens were used for estimations of total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and its distribution among the five principal isoenzymes, LDH-1 to LDH-5. Heart and liver have the greatest total activities, and brain, bursa of Fabricius, and thymus have the least. During development, total activities may follow similar trends. The heart parallels the liver, kidney and spleen parallel gastrocnemius, and brain and bursa parallel thymus. The distribution of activity among the isoenzymes is independent of the parallels in total activity: the heart acquires a great excess of LDH-1 relative to LDH-5, the gastrocnemius acquires an excess of LDH-5 relative to LDH-1, and the six other organs maintain an excess of LDH-1. The separate activities of LDH-4 and LDH-5 may remain very low, as in brain, bursa, and thymus. The total LDH activity of lymphoid and other organs may be reduced by 19-nortestosterone, an androgen which suppresses lymphopoiesis. The effect of this androgen ...


In order to guarantee the safe operation of nuclear power plants,the real-time fault diagnosis systems are developed using neural network technology and data fusion technology and adopting VB6.0 pro-gramming languages,and then the intelligence diagnosis arithmetic is expatiated in detail.The fault diagnosis systems interchange the data with the simulator timely utilizing communication procedure interface of the data,and four faults are inserted on the simulator to test the two diagnosis systems on line.The test result indicates that the fuzzy neural network technology and the data fusion technology could carry out the recog-nition of the faults,but each has its merit and the insufficiency respectively.The off-line analysis shows that,for different fault types,when there is few characteristic parameters,the fuzzy neural network diagnosis technology is better;when there are many characteristic parameter,the data fusion diagnosis technology is better.


The Social Economy including social enterprise is solving various social problems of our society by innovative business Nevertheless, social economic companies have limited investment ingrowth due to insufficient capital. There are various attempts to solve the limit of capital investment by social finance. Social iImpact bonds that introduced performance-based compensation into financial system is recognized as a new means of procuring that capital lacks. 89 social impact bonds were issued in 19 countries around the world. )f the 22 social impact bonds reporting performance, 21 bonds report positive performance. The twelve bonds paid incentives to investors. It can be said that the government provides incentives to review the issuance of social impact bonds at the government level, which is difficult to expand the social welfare budget. This study confirmed the performance of the social impact bonds and confirmed the possibility of introducing it in korea. There is a limit to continuously increasing the government's social expenditure to meet demand. Therefore, in order to support the growth of social economy based on private investment, the issuing of social impact bonds should create a virtuous circle of social financial market.


Advanced ignition concepts, such as fast ignition and shock ignition, are being investigated at the Omega Laser Facility. Integrated fast-ignition experiments with room-temperature re-entrant cone targets have begun, using 18 kJ of 351 nm drive energy to implode empty 40 µm thick CD shells, followed by 1.0 kJ of 1053 nm wavelength, short-pulse energy. Short pulses of 10 ps width have irradiated the inside of a hollow gold re-entrant cone at the time of peak compression. A threefold increase in the time-integrated, 2 to 7 keV x-ray emission was observed with x-ray pinhole cameras, indicating that energy is coupled from the short-pulse laser into the core by fast electrons. In shock-ignition experiments, spherical plastic-shell targets were compressed to high areal densities on a low adiabat, and a strong shock wave was sent into the converging, compressed capsule. In one experiment, 60 beams were used with an intensity spike at the end of the laser pulse, and the implosion performance was studied through neutron-yield and areal-density measurements. In a second experiment, the 60 OMEGA beams were split into a 40+20 configuration, with 40 low-intensity beams used for fuel assembly and 20 delayed beams with a short, high-intensity pulse shape (up to 1 × 1016 W cm−2) for shock generation.


In article various theoretical aspects of an exit of the companies on the foreign markets are considered. Influence of globalization on productivity of the companies is considered, ways and factors of a choice of strategy of an exit to the world market are analysed. The behavioural and cultural aspects influencing strategy of an exit to the world market are analysed. The analysis of strategy of the companies which have entered the foreign markets, is carried out taking into account the previous researches in this area.The following conclusions became result of research: 1) globalization positively influences the companies as the market increases, however the small companies and the companies in emerging markets lose in competitive fight; 2) the companies with considerable experience are inclined to choose strategy of opening of own enterprise while the organizations without similar experience prefer export or joint venture in the host country territory; 3) the strategy choice with a bigger involvement of resources is directly proportional to knowledge of culture of the country to which there is a company. At entry into the market with other culture smooth adaptation is necessary for successful realization of strategy. At last, people are inclined to make behavioural mistakes, and knowledge of them and continuous control will help to achieve successful results; 4) for an exit and successful work in the foreign markets of the company important not only to possess competences, but also to be able to protect them and to keep in time; 5) on the market with high political and investment risks, and also adverse economic conditions of the company are inclined to choose strategy with the minimum investment of money (franchizes, licensing).


Geometric similarity plays an important role in geographic information retrieval, map matching, and data updating. Many approaches have been developed to calculate the similarity between simple features. However, complex group objects are common in map and spatial database systems. With a micro scene that contains different types of geographic features, calculating similarity is difficult. In addition, few studies have paid attention to the changes in a scene's geometric similarity in the process of generalization. In this study, we developed a method for measuring the geometric similarity of micro scene generalization based on shape, direction, and position. We calculated shape similarity using the hybrid feature description, and we constructed a direction Voronoi diagram and a position graph to measure the direction similarity and position similarity. The experiments involved similarity calculation and quality evaluation to verify the usability and effectiveness of the proposed method. The experiments showed that this approach can be used to effectively measure the geometric similarity between micro scenes. Moreover, the proposed method accounts for the relationships amongst the geometrical shape, direction, and position of micro scenes during cartographic generalization. The simplification operation leads to obvious changes in position similarity, whereas delete and merge operations lead to changes in direction and position similarity. In the process of generalization, the river + islands scene changed mainly in shape and position, the similarity change in river + lakes occurred due to the direction and location, and the direction similarity of rivers + buildings and roads + buildings changed little.


Developing green building is an important method for China to deal with the challenge of climate change,which can promote energy and resource conservation and environmental protection.The standard of green buildings plays an important role in promoting the development of green building.In this paper,through the introduction of two green building evaluation systems of Green Building Evaluation Standard of China and the Code for Sustainable Home of Britain,the similarities and differences of evaluation indexes,evaluation criterions and evaluation methods of these two systems were studied.Some helpful conclusions for improving the Chinese green building evaluation system were obtained.


This study combines HIV-1 sequence analysis and integration site discovery to show a preponderance of integrations into ZNF genes in expanded latent clones. ZNF genes, unlike other integration targets, are downregulated upon T cell activation, which may facilitate latency maintenance.


In 1829, Mrs Sarah Bromley, 32 years old, was left penniless in Van Diemen's Land when her husband, a former high-ranking government official, returned to England in disgrace after being held responsible for the loss of over 8000 pounds from the Treasury coffers. Struggling to maintain herself, her three children and the two adult daughters of her husband's previous marriages on a farming property provided to her by a group of charitable friends, she invited George Steele, a young fellow of reputedly unsavoury character, to act as her farm manager. The scandal which followed was to blight the remaining fifteen years of her life.


In the past years pervasive devices, especially mobile phones, have increased in complexity. Particularly the proliferation of features is tough to handle, not least because new features might require a hardware update or conflict with existing features. In order to overcome these issues we propose an approach which tackles the problem at an early development phase by increasing the semantic requirement specification. This work in progress paper proposes an idea where two methodologies for describing a system during the specification phase are combined to complement each other to improve the software development process of mobile phones, allowing to detect if required features are included in the user interface definition.


This study treats the nonlinear behaviour of cylindrical shells subjected to internal fluid flow and to an external periodic transverse point force. The shell is supported at both ends by axial and rotational springs capable of simulating boundary conditions ranging from clamped to simple supports. This complex boundary condition configuration is preferred in our analysis in order to be able to compare theoretical findings with water-tunnel experiments available in the literature. The external concentrated point force is applied at mid-length of the immersed shell structure acting in the radial direction and the excitation frequency values lie within the spectral neighbourhood of one of the shell's lowest frequencies for different flow velocities. The structural model is based on the full nonlinear Donnell shell equations of motion including the effect of the in-plane inertia and accounting for geometric imperfections. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible and inviscid and the flow isentropic and irrotational; it is modelled using potential flow theory with the addition of unsteady viscous terms obtained from the time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The coupled system is discretized using a solution expansion based on trigonometric functions satisfying the shell boundary conditions exactly. Numerical results show the nonlinear response at different flow velocities for (i) a fixed excitation amplitude and variable excitation frequency, and (ii) fixed excitation frequency varying the excitation amplitude. Bifurcation diagrams of Poincare maps obtained from direct time integration are presented, as well as the maximum Lyapunov exponent, in order to classify the system dynamics. In particular, periodic, quasi-periodic, sub-harmonic and chaotic responses have been detected. The full spectrum of the Lyapunov exponents and the Lyapunov dimension have been calculated for the chaotic response; they reveal the occurrence of large-dimension hyperchaos.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Decentralized power systems with a high portion of energy generated from renewable energy sources and cogeneration units (CHP) are emerging worldwide. Optimising the energy usage of such systems is a difficult task as the stochastic fluctuations of generation from renewable sources, the coupling of electrical and thermal power generation by CHP and the time dependence of necessary storage devices require new approaches. Conventional optimisation algorithms observe many difficulties handling it. Methods for an integral energy management that optimises the use of electrical and thermal power as well as storage devices are introduced in this paper. The management is based on modified hybrid evolutionary algorithms.


Cutaneous odontogenic fistulas or sinus tracts are frequently misdiagnosed and incorrectly treated, leading to unnecessary procedures and patient suffering. An understanding of the draining of cutaneous sinus tracts will lead to more appropriate treatment, the elimination of the source of infection reducing the incidence of complications [1].
 Most cases respond to conservative, nonsurgical root canal therapy.
Our objective is to report a case of cutaneous sinus tract evolving for 6 years secondary to chronic periapical dental infection caused by old trauma. The conservative treatment of the causal teeth was sufficient to achieve healing despite the oldness of the fistula.


Ahn CY, Kim SH, Jang SJ, Hong SW, Kim H, Lim BJ. A mathematical approach to the optimal examination of lymph nodes. APMIS 2011; 119: 868–76.


Alloy 718 is a Feand Cr-rich Ni-superalloy which may be precipitation hardened by the formation of semi-coherent the γ' (ordered L12) and γ" (ordered DO22) phases in the cubic matrix (γ) when an appropriate heat treatment is applied. This alloy has long been of industrial significance due to its high strength at elevated temperature with excellent corrosion resistance. Cost-reducing low-loss fabrication methods for the creation of Alloy 718 parts, such as the additive manufacturing technique of selective laser melting (SLM), require the full characterization of microstructure features before these fabrication techniques can replace traditional fabrication and post process heat treatment methods. The ability to eliminate the expensive heat treatment step is dependent on a suitable distribution of γ" and γ' precipitates in the matrix. In this study the distribution of γ" and γ' were observed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using the electron microscope pixel array detector (EMPAD).


This paper is concerned with a non-linear self-tuning tracking problem using back-propagation (BP) neural learning and system identification techniques. Traditional self-tuning adaptive control techniques can only deal with linear systems or special nonlinear systems. BP neural networks have the capability to learn arbitrary non-linearities and show great potential for adaptive control applications. A scheme for combining BP neural networks with self-tuning adaptive control techniques is proposed. Two simple simulation studies are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the control algorithm. Simulation results indicate that the indentification self-tuning scheme can deal with complex unknown non-linearities.


Current matching of the subcells is crucial to optimize the performance of tandem solar cells. Due to the thin film optics of organic solar cells, the position of the two subcells relative to the reflecting electrode becomes a very important issue. This is demonstrated for an indium tin oxide (ITO)/pin/pii/Al structure with thin intrinsic absorbing layers consisting of zinc-phthalocyanine and fullerene C60 and a metal-free lossless recombination contact between the subcells. By keeping the thickness of the absorbing layers constant and changing only the thickness of the inner p-doped transparent layer in 16 steps from 0to186nm, the distance of the ITO-sided subcell from the reflecting electrode (Al) is systematically varied. Thus, the p-doped layer works as an optical spacer between both subcells. The influence of its thickness on the thin film optics is shown in optical simulations and confirmed with current-voltage measurements. If both subcells are separated only by the recombination contact, they are ...


The dispersion diagrams for the proposed spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) unit [1, Fig. 1(b)] and the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) unit [1, Fig. 1(c)] are plotted in [1, Fig. 2] , which are incorrect and the correct dispersion curves for the same are presented here, as shown in Fig. 1 . The dispersion curves are analyzed and plotted for mode-1 simulation in the eigenmode solver of CST microwave studio. Furthermore, the dispersion curve with optimized dimensions, $L_{i}$ and $W_{i}$ , where $i\in (5,\ldots ,8)$ for the SSPP part [1, Fig. 1(a)] , is shown in Fig. 2 . The lower and upper cutoff frequencies for the passband of the filter are defined from the structural parameters of SIW and SSPP units, respectively. It can be seen from the dispersion curves of SIW and SSPP units [1, Fig. 2] that the lower cutoff frequency obtained from the SIW unit is around 7 GHz, while the upper cutoff frequency obtained from the SSPP unit is around 6 GHz ( $W=15$ mm of the SIW unit and $W=8$ mm of the SSPP unit). However, only the cutoff frequency in the dispersion curve of the SIW unit is correct, from where the lower cutoff frequency of the proposed BPF is set around 7 GHz. The dispersion curve of the SIW unit [1, Fig. 1(c)] with correct distribution trend is shown here in Fig. 1(b) . The passband of the proposed hybrid SSPP-SIW filter is about 7–11 GHz, and hence, the correct upper cutoff frequency for passband of the filter, as it can be seen from our corrected dispersion curve of the SSPP unit [see Fig. 1(a) ], is about 11 GHz. It can also be noted that $p$ is the period of SSPP in our corrected dispersion curves.


RESPECT THE INVENTION THE FIELD OF ADDITIVES LUBRICATING OILS. ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION, ON GRAFT MATERIAL DICARBOXYLIC ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED, PREFERABLY SOLUTION UNDER INERT ATMOSPHERE AND IN THE PRESENCE OF A RADICAL INITIATOR FREE ON ETHYLENE COPOLYMERS SOLUBLE OILS OBTAINED FROM ABOUT 2 TO 98 BY WEIGHT ETHYLENE AND ONE OR MORE IN ALPHA-oLEFINS ACC, FOR EXAMPLE THE pROPYLENE AND HAVING mOLECULAR WEIGHT WAY


Multiple satellite-based global surface soil moisture (SSM) datasets are presently available, these however, address exclusively the top layer of the soil (0-5cm). Meanwhile, root-zone soil moisture cannot be directly quantified with remote sensing but can be estimated from SSM using a land surface model. Alternatively, soil water index (SWI; calculated from SSM as a function of time needed for infiltration) can be used as a simple approximation of root-zone conditions. SWI is a proxy for deeper layers of the soil profile which control evapotranspiration, and is hence especially important for studying hydrological processes over vegetation-covered areas and meteorological modelling.


Optimal control problems can be solved by first applying the Pontryagin maximum principle, followed by computing a solution of the corresponding unconstrained Hamiltonian dynamical system. In this paper, and to achieve a balance between robustness and efficiency, we learn a reduced Hamiltonian of the unconstrained Hamiltonian. This reduced Hamiltonian is learned by going backward in time and by minimizing the loss function resulting from application of the Pontryagin maximum principle conditions. The robustness of our learning process is then further improved by progressively learning a posterior distribution of reduced Hamiltonians. This leads to a more efficient sampling of the generalized coordinates (position, velocity) of our phase space. Our solution framework applies to not only optimal control problems with finite-dimensional phase (state) spaces but also the infinite dimensional case.


Recent reviews are setting the stage for the use of next-generation sequencing technologies in phylogenetic applications. However, the processes for developing new markers for phylogenetic analyses remain difficult to navigate for many researchers in plant systematics. We review several experimental approaches and practical considerations for developing new phylogenetic markers with next-generation sequencing technologies. We also outline a flexible framework for data acquisition that is readily adaptable to the needs of individual researchers and carefully consider cost-related issues that may be of concern to many laboratories in evolutionary biology. The next-generation and targeted sequencing approaches presented here offer considerable savings of time and money over the traditional PCR and Sanger sequencing approaches currently used in plant systematic research, particularly in cases involving large numbers of taxa and phylogenetic markers. Even with a limited research budget, next-generation sequence data can accommodate exploration of biological questions in ways that were not previously possible.


The dependence of free induction decay and echo amplitude of NMR signals in Fe on rf field strength B1 pulse length τ, and frequency ω has been determined by an extensive series of measurements The observed variation of free‐induction decay amplitude with B1τ and ω cannot be explained by a rigid oscillation of domain walls, as usually supposed. Such a model fails, even though proper account is taken of enhancement‐factor distribution caused by B1 orientation, and by spatial arrangement of spins perpendicular to the central plane of each wall.We propose a different model where each domain wall is considered immobile along its periphery. Wall oscillation then resembles that of a drumhead. This modification alters significantly the enhancement‐factor distribution. Furthermore, the average enhancement factor of each wall is proportional to its area. Accordingly, a distribution in wall areas is also postulated. The predictions of this model are in excellent agreement with free‐induction decay spectra.Enhanceme...


M than half the species and subspecies of the Malagasy prosimians the lemurs and the aye-aye one of the most interesting animal groups in the world, are listed in the IUCN Red Data Book as 'rare and endangered'. Possibly not more than 50 aye-ayes remain in the wild. As reported in ORYX April 1967, Dr J. J. Petter and M. Peyriras have had remarkable success in transferring nine aye-ayes to the newly created island reserve of Nossi Mangabe, off the coast of Madagascar, in an eleventh-hour attempt to save them, and so long as they can be protected in their natural habitat it would be unwise, with numbers so low, to move them to another country. The requirements of lemurs in captivity have hardly been considered until recently, and animals that need a lot of exercise, fresh air and sunshine have been confined to small heated indoors accommodation, and kept singly or in pairs; as a result some have become excessively fat and incapable of breeding. The need to study the requirements of individual species is of prime importance. Social animals must be kept in a social group, with its subsequent troop activity, and provided with sufficient space to live a normal healthy life; the advice of field scientists on the lemurs' nutritional, social and territorial requirements is essential. Copenhagen and Frankfurt Zoos have had excellent results in keeping lemurs in open-air enclosures. M Georges Basilewsky breeds the ringtailed and mongoose lemurs regularly at Cros-de-Cagnes, where they live throughout the year in open-air cages with only partial cover from the rain, and are accustomed to the winter temperatures falling several degrees below zero.


Hired as security man for Alexander's election campaign, Spenser checks out blackmail concerning the politician's wife. Aided by sidekick Hawk, and surrogate son Paul Giacomin, he is sucked into political ambition, corruption, violence, and the truth about his relationship with Susan Silverman.


Introduction: The majority of midshaft humeral fractures will achieve a satisfactory outcome with non-operative management. However, internal fixation is occasionally required to assist with rehabilitation, particularly in multiply-injured patients. Although the clinical risks and benefits of the locking plate and humeral nail are well known, there is a paucity of data comparing their mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to determine the torsional and 4-point bending properties of a midshaft humeral osteotomy reconstructed with either an intramedullary nail or locking plate. Methods: 19 fresh cadaveric humeri were DEXA scanned to ensure similar BMD. Non-destructive 4-point bending was performed on the intact bone to determine stiffness in the sagittal and coronal planes. Load was applied using an MTS MiniBionix 858 (Mechanical Testing Systems, MN) at a rate of 1 mm/min to a maximum of 450 N. A transverse midshaft osteotomy was created and a spacer ensured a constant 3-mm gap between the bone ends. Reconstruction was performed with either Trigen humeral nail (Smith & Nephew, TN) – 10 specimens Humeral locking plate (Synthes, PA) – 9 specimens Non-destructive 4-point bending was repeated, and then each humerus was embedded in a low-melting point alloy proximally and distally for torsional testing. Torque was applied at 5 deg/min until failure. Maximum torque, maximum angle and stiffness were calculated. All data were analysed with SPSS for Windows (SPSS Inc., Il) using ANOVA. Results: One specimen in the locking plate group fractured during plate application and was excluded from the study. Non-destructive bending tests showed no significant difference in stiffness of the intact bones between the two groups. 4-point bending: the bones reconstructed with the intramedullary nail were ~50% as stiff as the intact state in both planes. There was no statistically significant difference in stiffness between the intact bones and those reconstructed with the locking plate. Torsional testing: the locking plate specimens were 3 times as stiff as the intramedullary nail specimens (P Discussion: Humeral intramedullary nails are reported to have an advantage over plates under axial loading (Chen et al, 2002). However, this study demonstrates that locking plates are superior to intramedullary nails in torsion and four-point bending. Although the clinical situation often dictates the most appropriate management, locking plates should be considered in patients when torsional or four-point bending loads are expected to predominate in the post-operative period.


Insecticides are used extensively in agriculture, but their levels in superficial waters generally range far below lethal concentrations for aquatic organisms. However, sub lethal adverse effects might result from exposure of aquatic organisms to insecticides at environmentally relevant concentrations. Acetyl cholinesterase activity is routinely used as a biomarker of the exposure to certain groups of pesticides, such as organophosphates. The fish Ctenopharyngodon idella was exposed to lethal (1/5th of LC50 of 96hrs = 24µgL-1) and sub lethal ((1/10th of LC50 of 96hrs = 12µgL-1) concentrations of Profex (profenofos 50%EC) for 4 days. The gill, liver, kidney, brain and muscle tissues were analysed for the activities of Acetylcholinesterase and Acid Phosphatase and all the experiments were compared with controls.


Roof cutting pressure relief is one of effective ways for optimizing the surrounding rock stress and structure in thick layer of hard roof, and the application of guide hole to roof cutting pressure relief is a new attempt. Based on the mechanism of short-hole blasting for roof cutting pressure relief in gob-side entry retaining, using the combination of LS-DYNA numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, mechanism of guide hole has been analyzed, and the effect of the selection of parameters on the blasting of rock mass has been explored. The results show that free surface of blast hole increases in the guide hole, which affects obviously to the tangential stress, and increases the fracture penetration rate and utilization rate of explosive energy; The guide will give full play to the role as stress concentration when charging hole non-coupling coefficient is 1.31;There is a positively change relationship between maximum tangential tensile stress and guide hole diameter,but it has little effects on the position away from the guide hole. According to the dynamic tensile strength of the rock, the charging holespacing is determined as 1.2 m.


Do anther arrangements in buzz‐pollinated species have a functional significance? In this article, Vallejo‐Marin et al. investigated this question by comparing pollen release rates in anther cones and free anther conformations in three species of the genus Solanum. The authors found that vibration transmission among anthers is greater for anther cones than among freely held conformations, resulting in higher rates of pollen release.


A forward intensity model for the prediction of corporate defaults over different future periods is proposed. Maximum pseudo-likelihood analysis is then conducted on a large sample of the US industrial and financial firms spanning the period 1991–2011 on a monthly basis. Several commonly used factors and firm-specific attributes are shown to be useful for prediction at both short and long horizons. Our implementation also factors in momentum in some variables and documents their importance in default prediction. The model's prediction is very accurate for shorter horizons. Its accuracy deteriorates somewhat when the horizon is increased to two or three years, but the performance still remains reasonable. The forward intensity model is also amenable to aggregation, which allows for an analysis of default behavior at the portfolio and/or economy level.


MCU fuzzy controller, the temperature sensor transmitter, ADC, LED display, Solid State Relay, a component of the temperature and humidity control system. MCU will measure the temperature and the temperature compared drawn deviation, and then come under the control of fuzzy control algorithms. For the implementation of the Solid State Relay switches from as high switching frequency, PWM, change with the closure of a cycle of electronic time. High temperature electromagnetic valve to adjust the conduction time to achieve the goal of steam control.


Although Planck will be the dominant CMB experiment of the next few years, ground and balloon-based experiments are increasing dramatically in both number and capability. Taking advantage of the fact that the atmosphere is nearly unpolarized, suborbital experiments will achieve extremely low noise levels, test new technologies, measure polarized foregrounds with high precision, and significantly advance high-! and polarization science.


The staff at Parken Zoo in Sweden have noticed that their jaguars are performing stereotypic behaviour. This behaviour has been seen performed mostly by the male but it can be performed by the females too. The staff have seen tendencies that the zoo's Asian lions may have an effect on the male jaguar's pacing behaviour. Captive carnivores are said to be the group of animals that are more prone to perform this kind of behaviour, where pacing is the most common stereotype in this animal group. There are lots of theories why stereotypes occur in captive carnivores and the most common one is that the behaviour develops from the absence of being able to perform their natural feeding behaviour. Studies have shown that visitor intensity and visitor density have a significant effect on jaguars' pacing.
Three jaguars where observed in this study, one male and two females. The animals were observed for 10 days, where their behaviour and enclosure use were registered. To see if the lions affected the jaguars, the two first observations each day were performed before and after the lions were let out into their outdoor enclosure. Every second day the lions were let out and the rest of the days they were already outside when the jaguars were let out to their outdoor enclosure.
During the observations it became obvious that the male jaguar often vocalized while performing pacing by the fence closest to the lions. This could be explained by the hypothesis that the male jaguar's pacing has developed from a territorial behaviour, like he feels the need to defend his territory from the lions. Pacing was also performed by one of the females in relation to two school-classes of young and noisy children. An explanation to this could be that she was trying to get away from an aversive stimuli, since she performed pacing along the fence farthest away from the children.
The results points towards that the lions increased the frequency of pacing in the male jaguar, but there was too little data to draw any definite conclusion. The behaviour observations showed that lying down was the most common behaviors performed by the females. Lying down and walking were the most common behaviour by the male. Pacing was the third most common behavior performed by the male. The results of observations devoted to enclosure use showed that the jaguars used their enclosure well but a few places are favoured by the different individuals.


The euro has been introduced to a region that contains many discrepancies and differences. While there are many countries with different business cycles, exerting a single monetary policy which favors all the countries is impossible. I will show that in a simple open macro model by using "weighted mean mechanism", monetary authorities can exert a common monetary policy to synchronize business cycles and to diminish loss functions in the member states. As we can see by using optimal monetary policy, the business cycles become much more stable and even in 2009 we do not see any recession for Germany and France. Although In this model between 2006 till 2012 the MU (Monetary Union) interest rate should be higher than the United States one, the agent's countries would be in boom rather recession. If MU interest rates in 2012 and 2013 were less than the actual ones, recession in two countries would change to boom for them.


Load control is an efficient method to ensure good protection of the main engine by ship propulsion system in dynamic working state. Through the simulation analysis on load control of fix-pitch propeller and adjustable pitch propellers respectively,this paper elaborates the basic method and key designing point of the function of load control in actual engineering applications,and expounds the effect of engineering application. The method of load control presented by the paper can be popularized to other ship designs.


Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the safety and the efficacy of laparoscopic colorectal surgery compared to those of conventional open surgery and to determine the feasibility of laparoscopic colorectal surgery based on oncologic principles. Methods: From March 2001 to January 2002, 27 consecutive patients were assessed for the possible use of laparoscopic surgery. Thirty patients were included in the open group. Forty-seven patients were included in the laparoscopic group. The decision regarding the suitability of a patient for the procedure was made by the surgeon. Results: Laparoscopic surgery was attempted on 47 patients, and in 31 patients, it was completed successfully. Patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery required a smaller dose of analgesics and had an earlier bowel passage recovery and shorter hospital stay than patients who underwent open surgery. The mean operation times for the open group, the conversion group, and the laparoscopic group were 252 min, 269 min, and 272 min respectively (P>0.05). There was no difference in the number of lymph nodes dissected nor the length of the distal margin of the resected bowel in the case of anterior resection and low anterior resection of the laparoscopic group compared to the open and the conversion groups (P>0.05). Complications in the laparoscopic surgery group were anastomosis site leakage and bowel obstruction. In the open group, wound infection, urinary retention, anastomosis site leakage and bowel obstruction were found. The morbidities of the open group, the conversion group, and the laparoscopic group were 23.3%, 37.5%, and 12.9%, respectively. One mortality was observed in the conversion group. Conclusions: In this study, there is no evidence that the laparoscopic technique is inadequate for following the cancer surgery principle, So laparoscopic colorectal surgery is a safe and feasible treatment. The overall morbidity and mortality in this study were acceptable. Sufficient lymph node dissection and distal margin of the resected bowel were accomplished with laparoscopic surgery. Further long-term follow up, however, will be necessary to confirm the value of this technique.


Normative-behavioural models make it possible to form optimal strategies of urban development with due consideration of random and uncontrollable processes taking place in urban systems, as, for example, occurs with passenger flow distributions. Here a new approach to obtaining optimality conditions for such models is proposed. Corresponding optimisation algorithms are developed and their behaviour is studied.


Growth of low defect density highly strained InxGa1−xAs/GaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) structures of thicknesses suited for application in spatial light modulator (SLM) devices operating in infrared has been thwarted by the occurrence of strain‐induced defects. Exploiting the notion of strain relief at mesa edges, we report here the first realization of very low defect density MQW structures of thickness as high as 2.38 μm at x=0.20. This has opened up the possibility of realizing a variety of reflective and transmissive SLM structures which also fruitfully exploit the transparent nature of the substrate.


An American Bible: A History of the Good Book in the United States, 1777-1880. By Paul C. Gutjahr. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. Pp. ix, 256. Figures. $39.50.) Paul Gutjahr has written a very good book about The Good Book. An American Bible builds on the insights of bibliographers, literary scholars, cultural historians, art specialists, and material studies enthusiasts. A fundamentally new and exciting religious history results. In the process, the author challenges historians of the nineteenth century to look literally at the Bible in new ways by recognizing the inherently visual nature of print culture. Further, despite its title, the book demonstrates conclusively that "an" American Bible never existed. Multiple texts, myriad illustrations, creative packaging, and decentralized production created a highly diversified bible marketplace in antebellum America. Christians transformed the Sacred Oracles into complex multimedia documents that reflected the social divisions, competing values, and chaotic tensions destroying the coherence of nineteenth-century life. In the process, they unintentionally undermined their own claims to cultural preeminence. The author begins with a deceptively simple question: Why did the English Bible, which occupied a special place in North American print culture for over two hundred years, become increasingly marginalized over the course of the nineteenth century? His answer suggests that the Bible's best friends often turned out to be its worst enemies. Pious publishers, with one eye on the meetinghouse and the other on the countinghouse, inadvertently subverted the biblical message by incorporating all manner of explanatory and expository material within its covers, thereby calling its "authenticity" into question. Doctrinal purists, ranging from Universalists to Campbellites, chipped away at the hegemony of the King James version by constructing alternate translations of biblical texts. Even the seemingly rock-solid American Bible Society drew fire from various Christians for allowing errors, corruptions, and inaccuracies to creep into its editions. Roman Catholics and Mormons introduced competing canons into the American biblical universe. Protestant/Catholic conflict over bible versions engendered bloody rioting in Philadelphia, culture wars in New York City, and the banishment of bible reading from the Cincinnati public schools. By the 1880s, in Gutjahr's view, the Bible had become drowned out in the publishing marketplace by a cacophony of "Christian noise," ranging from fictionalized lives of Jesus to such best-selling novels as BenHur. Bibles still constituted important collectibles and valuable commodities, but the notion that the Bible itself served as an unchanging and cohesive text had been irrevocably altered. Gutjahr clearly belongs in the company of an important group of scholars such as David Morgan, Colleen McDannell, Leigh Schmidt, Thomas Tweed, and Diane Winston who are helping us to reinterpret American religion generally, and Protestantism most especially, by paying closer attention to its material aspects. Lavishly and shrewdly illustrated in its own right, An American Bible demonstrates the ways in which nineteenth-century commercial publishers and entrepreneurial printers physically packaged the sacred text in a manner that subtly altered and recast biblical messages. Illustrative content especially introduced new elements into classic biblical accounts, often drawing attention away from the written text and toward more morally ambiguous and seductively alluring imagery. The publisher Matthew Carey's peculiar penchant for inexplicably inserting illustrations of bare-breasted women throughout such stories as the Prodigal Son and Herod's slaughter of the innocents constitutes one good example. …


From Flieman Hospital (A.G.), B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology (A.G., A.E.), and Meyer's Children's Hospital, Rambam Campus (A.E.) — all in Haifa, Israel; the Department of Dermatology, University of Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany (R.P.); and the School of Translational Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (R.P.). Address reprint requests to Dr. Gilhar at the Skin Research Laboratory, B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, or at doritg_2000@ yahoo.com.


Proton pump inhibitors are commonly prescribed for the treatment of acid-related gastrointestinal diseases. The association between proton pump inhibitors therapy and other subsequent comorbidities has been extensively explored.1 Recently, a cohort study in USA conducted by Ozen et al published in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases reported that proton pump inhibitors therapy was not associated with increased fracture risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (HR=0.92; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.06).2 Ozen et al 's study is an important one and deserves a practical value. Some points not shown in the original article are shared with the readers. First, in order to test …


Urban development aims to ensure a growth of the population's welfare, on the one hand. On the other hand, it has to secure the ecological equilibrium and keep the historical and cultural "memory" of the territory. Urban activity is induced by motivations. Motivations are imprinted in corresponding territory structures called cityscape patterns. Motivations can conflict with each other, main conflicts being between: 1. economy and ecology, 2. the social and the private, 3. aesthetics and information, 4. the material and the spiritual. The conflicts are caused by contradictions concerning the landscape and its spatial design. The basis of sustainable development is the landscape. The basis of the landscape is the Earth's crust surface and relief. The landscape features depend on the relief in the following way. The landscape ecological value depends on its biological productivity and increases from the top to the lowland. On the contrary, the ecological resistance increases from the lowland to the top. As a result, the following sustainable development criteria can be formulated for town planning. 1. In urban activities, all motivations should be realized. If at a given time the shares of the motivations realized are equal, we call such a development sustainable. 2. Proportions in the elemental landscape urbanization intensity must correspond to their values and resistance. 3. The historical and cultural landscapes should keep their uniqueness, authenticity and integrity.


The innate immune system has a variety of ways of recognizing infection from pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. One of its first lines of defence is to detect Pattern Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) using Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) such as the Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), the RIG-Like Helicases (RLHs) and the Nod-Like Receptors (NLRs). These receptors recognize certain molecular structures from the pathogens and lead to first line of defence which includes increased cytokines and IFNs.
This study delineate the human body's innate immune responses to human respiratory viruses such as HRV (Human Rhinovirus), RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) and IAV (Influenza A virus). In Vitro experiments carried out on various kinds of lung tissues suggest that respiratory disease pathogenesis is related to inflammatory mediators including interleukins and cytokines produced by the host's innate immune system.
Virus induced respiratory tract infection are known to trigger bronchiolitis, wheezing and acute asthma exacerbations, as a result of inflammation of lung tissues and excessive release of pro- inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. This study identifies that intracellular macromolecular complexes called inflammasomes assemble as a result of viral trigger. Inflammasomes convert the inactive forms of the pro-inflammatory cytokines to their active forms. Although the exact mechanism of activations of these complexes was unknown. This study identified that Virus encoded proteins such as the 2B protein of HRV, the SH protein from RSV and the Influenza M2 which are also termed viroporins can activate the inflammasome by causing ion imbalance (across cells membranes and organelles). Thus providing a trigger for inflammasome assemblage.
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Drugs which act as Ion channel blockers have been shown to block viroporin activity and hence reduce IL-1β production. Therefore in the future the use of ion inhibitors could be a possible therapeutic intervention in order to reduce lung inflammation and prevent associated respiratory disease such as COPD and Asthma.


To explore the chemical basis of xylogenesis in bamboo cells, we compared secondary metabolite compositions between xylogenic and non-xylogenic suspension cell cultures of bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra), which we developed previously. Two compounds, one major and one minor, showed large-scale increases in the cells cultured under two lignification (xylogenic) conditions, compared with cells cultured under proliferation (non-xylogenic) conditions. Based on spectroscopic analyses, the major compound was identified as feruloylputrescine (FP) and the minor compound was identified as p-coumaroylputrescine (pCP). We examined the accumulation profiles of these hydroxycinnamic acid amides during a 16-day culture period. When cells were kept in proliferation conditions for 16 days, the contents of FP and pCP peaked at 2 days (0.32 and 0.25 nmol mg−1 fresh weight, respectively) and decreased to trace levels thereafter. In contrast, the FP content increased throughout the 16-day culture period, reaching maximum levels of 4.3 and 6.8 nmol mg−1 fresh weight in the two xylogenic conditions. The pCP content was lower than that of FP under both xylogenic conditions. The pattern of FP accumulation resembled that of lignin accumulation, as monitored by phloroglucinol-HCl staining. It is likely that FP plays a role in xylogenesis in suspension-cultured bamboo cells.


Background andPurpose: Possible effects ofchanges inblood pressureon thecerebral circulation were studied inpatients withchronic stroke andage-matched nonstroke control subjects at28±10months (mean+SD)(range, 18to54months) and27±6months(range, 19to44months), respectively, after the first measurement. Methods: Cerebral bloodflowwas measuredbythe`3Xe inhalation methodin55patients (mean+SD age,62±11years;39withbraininfarction and16withhemorrhage) and10control subjects (mean±SD age,61±9years). Correlations between changes incerebral bloodflowandbloodpressure wereevaluated. Results: Amongbraininfarctions, averagecerebral bloodflowdidnotchangefromthefirst study; however, changes incerebral bloodflowineachindividual wereclosely related tochanges insystolic and mean arterial blood pressures(P<.01andP<.05,respectively). Ofthese, in10patients withcerebral bloodflowdecreased more than15%fromtheinitial levels, systolic andmean arterial bloodpressures decreased by25±32mm Hg and16±+14 mm Hg (P<.05andP<.005, respectively). Incontrast, in29 patients withunchanged orincreased cerebral bloodflow, changes insystolic (0+19or -2±12mm Hg, respectively) andmean arterial bloodpressures(3±22or -1 11 mm Hg,respectively) were not significant, andtheir systolic bloodpressurelevels were maintained above110mm Hg. Conclusions: Bloodpressureimportantly correlates withcerebral circulatory changes among patients withchronic braininfarction. Early detection ofcerebral hemodynamic changes should be useful for determining themostfavorable levels ofbloodpressureandforselecting appropriate therapy. (Stroke. 1993;24:1376-1381.)


An extremely compact 900‐MHz microstrip branch‐line coupler with a novel fold structure was proposed. A novel profile of the fold structure prevented the overlapping of stub lines to minimize the branch‐line coupler dimensions. The measured insertion, isolation, and return losses of the proposed coupler were 3.94, 38.2, and 23.9 dB, respectively, and the measured phase difference between the two output ports was 90° ± 0.1°. Compared with the optimized area of a conventional branch‐line coupler, the optimized area of the proposed coupler was reduced to 14.9%. Notably, the proposed coupler can be easily integrated with wireless communication systems because it can be implemented using standard printed circuit board etching processes without any lumped elements, bonding wires, or via holes.


While young teachers serving as assistants to supervisors of master's students play apositive role,they are faced with many problems in their own career development.Their independent development tends to be shadowed under the control of supervisors;their assistant role does not earn sufficient recognition from their students;and their secondary responsibility often does not receive enough policy support from the university.This situation must be addressed with effective measures to facilitate the sustainable development of young teachers.


The aim of this paper is to analyze and discuss the similarities and differences between two enterprising women involved in the stages of beginning, growth and consolidation of two organizations in the educational area. More specifically, it will be presented how their life course has exercised influence upon the features of the organizations managed by them. The authors decided to use a case study involving these two institutes, but the main focus was the professional personalities of the two leaders and their life courses. The two interviewees were presented as two women that are certain and positive about their potentialities to have an autonomic influence upon their surroundings and to bring forth results and marks that could permeate the environment of the organizations that they run.


As continually testified in the practice of homeopathy, there is an inextricable relationship between the law of similars and potentization. When administered in an untreated state, toxic substances will have a toxic affect on patients, regardless of whether their symptom complex corresponds with that of the particular poison. Similarly, after potentization, the denatured substance retains its healing properties only when administered according to the law of similars. When the simile principle is disregarded, the altered substance is completely ineffective. This paper draws on the alchemical notion of sickness and healing for a theoretical framework with which to understand the relationship between the law of similars and the process of potentization. Demonstrating the way in which the alchemical insights that Paracelsus carried into his medical practice illuminate the efficacy of homeopathy, this paper exposes the hermetic influences of Hahnemann's "discovery" of potentization.


Introduction: Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in COPD and skeletal muscle wasting. Aim: To determine whether inhibiting ROS production reduces cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung inflammation and wasting in mice. Methods: Male Balb/C mice were exposed to CS generated from 6 cigs/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Sham mice were exposed to air. Mice were treated daily with apocynin (5mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (0.1% DMSO). Food intake was measured daily and body weights were recorded 3 times a week. On day 56, mice were culled and BALF, lungs, tibialis anterior, soleus, gastrocnemius, testicular and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (WAT) were collected. Results: CS exposure caused an increase in BALF total cells (911,405±67,231), macrophages (650,974±49,590) and neutrophils (256,397±25,457) compared to sham mice (248,406±24,472; 247,545±24616 and 860±506, respectively). However, CS-exposed mice treated with apocynin had markedly less total cells (653,052±46,205), macrophages (524,099±42,321) and neutrophils (128,391±8,991). Compared to sham mice, CS exposure caused a reduction in total body weight but mice treated with apocynin lost less weight. CS-exposed mice had a reduction in food intake which was unaffected by apocynin treatment. CS-exposed mice had decreased tibialis anterior, soleus, testicular WAT and retroperitoneal WAT (RpWAT) mass. Apocynin-treated CS-exposed mice lost less testicular WAT, RpWAT and soleus muscle compared to vehicle-treated CS-exposed mice. Conclusion: Targeting ROS production with apocynin reduces CS-induced lung inflammation and wasting in mice. This may be a novel approach for treating COPD and its comorbidities.


This article seeks to contribute to understandings of South Korea's approach to marriage migration. Situating our analysis of marriage migration policy specifically within the recent emergence of a social investment approach to welfare, we bring together two bodies of literature that due to the methodological nationalism of much welfare state scholarship are usually treated separately. Through an examination of the policy framework governing marriage migration - so-called 'multicultural family policies' - we find that successive Korean governments have actively sought female marriage migrants to perform various social reproductive roles as a means to secure the reproductive capacity of the nation, just as feminist scholars have argued the care work of citizen-mothers can be understood. Our analysis also suggests that marriage migration policy in Korea constitutes a distinctly transnational dimension to its overall social investment approach, which is strongly motivated by concerns to reproduce the next generation of human capital.


In this note, we prove that for any distribution of population over the unit segment with density which is continuous and bounded away from zero, there exists a consecutive partition into countries that is migration-proof, i.e. such that no individual is willing to change his/her country. This was implicitly conjectured by Alesina and Spolaore in the conclusion to their seminal paper (Alesina, Spolaore 1997). The proof utilizes the celebrated Gale and Nikaido's lemma, which is known from the proof of the existence of competitive Walrasian equilibrium.


To realize ultrasensitive detection of toxic heavy metals in water, LIBS-LIF combined with special sample pretreatment method was investigated in detail. Ultrasensitive detection of lead and copper in water could be realized within short time.


We study how the spectral gap of the normalized Laplacian of a random graph changes when an edge is added to or removed from the graph. There are known examples of graphs where, perhaps counter‐intuitively, adding an edge can decrease the spectral gap, a phenomenon that is analogous to Braess's paradox in traffic networks. We show that this is often the case in random graphs in a strong sense. More precisely, we show that for typical instances of Erdős‐Rényi random graphs G(n, p) with constant edge density p∈(0,1) , the addition of a random edge will decrease the spectral gap with positive probability, strictly bounded away from zero. To do this, we prove a new delocalization result for eigenvectors of the Laplacian of G(n, p), which might be of independent interest. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 50, 584–611, 2017


This paper analyses the changing rules of the State-Owned Enterprises (SOE)' property reform and its economic performance from a perspective of law and economics, using property theory and enterprise theory. Based on this, the author tries to define the relationship among government, enterprise and market in the socialist market economy. The author argues that the establishment of an efficient property system has been the core point of the SOE's reform since 1984, and also the central part of the adjustment of rules and regulations pertinent to SOE's reform. At present, there are so many problems of SOEs to solve such as its non-tradable property, unfit allocation of residue control right and acquisition right, low-effective corporate governance. The extent to which these problems will be solved depends on the extent to which our government becomes a limited and effective government, which will facilitate the innovation of the property system and the formation of a society ruled by law.


Since systematic study of rock art started in Scandinavia almost two centuries ago dating has played an important role in the discourse. Around 1870 the rock art known at that time in southern Scandinavia was dated to the Bronze Age, however, in the early 1900s it was realised that another rock art genre or tradition existed in northern parts of Scandinavia. During the last century a number of long and short chronological sequences have been proposed for both traditions. Two basic questions have been debated and still remain unanswered: Whether the two traditions are contemporary or belong to different periods and whether images belonging to the South Scandinavian tradition were made during the Bronze Age only or this tradition started before the Bronze Age and lasted through into the Iron Age. Scandinavian rock art research clearly still is influenced by the diffusionistic world view of the early 20th century. The position each scholar has taken to a large extent, however, follows national research traditions-and borders.


Pilonidal sinus is common in the sacrococcygeal region. It is rare at the umbilicus. Incidence being 0.6%, we report a case of umbilical pilonidal sinus treated in our hospital. A 20-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with complaints of purulent discharge from the umbilicus since 3 months. Patient was posted for omphalectomy. Intraoperatively, a tuft of hair was found in a sinus tract communicating with the umbilicus. Histopathological evaluation was compatible with pilonidal sinus disease. There are only a few reports of the umbilical pilonidal sinus in the literature. Umbilical sinus tract differs from the sacrococcygeal variety in the absence of multiple tracts and low recurrence rates. Treatment options and differential diagnosis are discussed in the article.


This comment refers to an error in the methodology for estimating the parameters of the model developed by Philipov and Glickman for modeling multivariate stochastic volatility via Wishart processes. For estimation they used Bayesian techniques. The derived expressions for the full conditionals of the model parameters as well as the expression for the acceptance ratio of the covariance matrix are erroneous. In this erratum all necessary formulae are given to guarantee an appropriate implementation and application of the model.


The invention provides a loop-antenna and electronic equipment comprising the loop-antenna so that the working bandwidth of the loop-antenna can be increased effectively in electronic equipment with limited space. The loop-antenna comprises an annular irradiator with one end serving as a feed point and the other end being connected to the ground; a match circuit configured for impedance matching, and a parallel resonance capacitor with one end being connected to the annular irradiator and the other end being connected to the ground, wherein the parallel resonance capacitor is configured to reduce the parallel resonance frequency of the loop-antenna.


The notion of designed space often comes up with the tendency of perfection. This approach, which connects the design to perfection, is mostly reflected in the overall design, even in the representations. In this approach, the power of representation advances in direct proportion to its perfection and perfection is expected in the designed spaces. The situation created by this perfect representation and the reflection of perfection to the design also emerges in the "home" where daily encounters and routines are most intense. Rather than a flawless photogenic object, interiors are dynamic and variable environments containing daily encounters. The interior design practice can be handled from this context and actively influence the design methodology itself. The study shows that as the concept of "home" moves away from a photogenic object, the potential of designing a multi-layered and flexible living space in interior design studios increases. This situation provides alternative spatial articulations in the final product and representations as well as in the interior design process.


Abstract Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM) offers new possibilities for surface studies on insulators, but still needs work on interpretation of the images and on the limits of what may or may not be measured. Experimental and theoretical investigations of tip-sample interactions and interpretation of images at the atomic length scale are discussed. Observations have been made on pure crystals, samples doped with charged defects, and mixed crystal alloys. The SFM has proved useful in investigations of radiation damage on insulators at mesoscopic scales, using both ex situ and in situ irradiation. Dynamical processes involving surface defects are an increasingly active area of investigation. Topics include energy transfer from self-trapped excitons to adsorbates or surface constituents and desorption mediated by surface defects.


Multispectral imaging has emerged as an effective tool for detecting malignant changes affiliated with cancers. The added spectral dimension enables the visualization of underlying biochemical information in tissues. Unfortunately, existing acquisition systems which use multispectral filter wheels or variable light source for spectral data collection, face the challenge of co-registration and are hard to be realized in real-time as acquisition time per frame is high. A Multispectral SnapShot Camera (MSSC) is demonstrated to address these obstacles, which is capable of capturing data simultaneously in multiple wavelengths with a single click. This brings down the total acquisition time to a few milliseconds per data cube (spatial+spectral) which encourages translation of this technology for real-time diagnosis. The MSSC is composed of 16 spectral bands with peak wavelengths in the visible range 460 nm – 600 nm. The application of MSSC in the field of oral cancer diagnosis has been demonstrated with in-vivo tissue images captured from 10 patients with oral dysplasia. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) was used to differentiate between healthy and malignant tissue. PCA was used to compress the multispectral datacube to extract wavelengths with maximum variance and SAM discriminates between tissue conditions based on distinct spectral profiles. The mean absorption spectrum plotted for them shows a trend of higher absorption peak value in malignant tissue regions than in healthy regions, thereby demonstrating the capability of MSSC for tumor tissue classification.


Severe malaria is the severe form of malaria which usually leads to significant morbidity, or death if left untreated. Papua New Guinea (PNG) is one country outside sub-African where malaria is heavily endemic, despite the recent positive progresses resulting from intensified control. This study was designed to describe the current practice and investigate factors influencing practice regarding severe malaria among health workers in Central Province, PNG. This was a health facility-based cross-sectional study conducted in May 2018. A total of 142 participants completed self-administered questionnaires for analysis. The dependent variable covered all aspects of case management: overall practice, diagnosis, treatment and follow up in dichotomous outcomes ? compliant and non-compliant. Pearson chi-square and Fishers exact test were used to identify associations between independent and dependent variables, and logistic regression was used to control confounders and identify predictors associated with practice regarding severe malaria. Training was lacking, where only 18.3% received some form of training in the last 6 months. Low-moderate knowledge was prevalent in 90% of the participants. Negative attitude to clinical practice was associated with non-compliance in overall practice. High knowledge, positive attitude to responsiveness and favourable cues were associated with following up of discharged severe malaria patients. High perceived benefit was associated with compliance in overall and treatment practices. This study found that high perceived benefits, high knowledge, positive attitude to responsiveness and favourable cues were associated with different aspects of practice regarding severe malaria.


Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete due to the intrusion chloride ions from seawater affects many structures located in ma environments. In Florida, this is significantly reflected by the severe deterioration of bridge substructures. During the last dec cathodic protection has emerged as a practical means of controlli corrosion in this type of structures. The Florida Department of Transportation has developed and/or installed and evaluated a var of cathodic protection systems. These systems are mostly designed mitigate corrosion under cyclic tidal changes typical of marine bridge substructures. This paper describes the development and performance of these cathodic protection systems. Included are impressed current as well as sacrificial anode systems. The impre current group includes: 1) conductive mastic anode, 2) conductive rubber anode, 3) titanium mesh anode embedded in gunite or struct concrete, and 4) titanium mesh anode in integral pile jackets. Th sacrificial systems include: 1) arc-sprayed zinc, 2) expanded zin sheet anode, 3) submerged zinc bulk anode, and 4) expanded zinc m anode in integral pile jackets. For the covering abstract see IT E117314.


The work is devoted to choosing a camera for recognizing raw cotton in order to regulate the mechanism of the working slit of a vertical spindle cotton harvester using the output signal of the chamber. An analysis of the main parameters was carried out that determine the placement of chambers to recognize the degrees of opening the cotton of the cheese. In order to properly choose the camera, a focal length and a camera view angle were calculated, allowing you to determine the distances between the camera and the control object in various weather conditions of the control object. To conduct the correct recognition of cheese cotton, the use of a camera with specific parameters is proposed.


A second less common approach (also described by Maurer et al.) examines data sensitivity with respect to model perturbations. A sensitivity display illustrates the zones in the subsurface that most affect a particular data value for a particular source and receiver location. Limitations of this approach include the need to model many measurement points. A modified sensitivity plot -the "data importance" function can also be used. This function expresses the influence of each data point on the final inversion result. Again, this is a lot of data to evaluate.


In 2006, Russian-Algerian relations expanded markedly, fueling European fears that Russia and Algeria -two of the European Union's three principal gas suppliers -will collude to raise the price which EU countries must pay for natural gas. Yet while the improvement in bilateral ties has been dramatic, there appear to be limits on the extent to which they can collaborate in the natural gas sphere where their interests appear to be more competitive than cooperative.


Since the early 1990s, the Bakhmeteff Archive of Russian and East European History and Culture at Columbia University, like many other Russian emigre archives all over the world, has become a critical resource in the process of rewriting twentieth-century Russian history. Now and then, references to the Bakhmeteff's holdings have appeared in Russian archival publications. Regrettably, some of these publications contain alarming instances of Russian demands for the "repatriation" of the Bakhmeteff Archive's holdings. A major factor behind this trend is an official government program to retrieve archival Rossica at any price; but it also is due in part to . . .


This paper aims to present a motion coordination control approach for multi-axe machine, using a new curvilinear task coordinate frame that is attached to the desired contour. By transforming the machine dynamic model to this task coordinate frame, a sliding mode control is derived to improve the contouring performance under bounded disturbances. The effectiveness of the proposed control law is demonstrated through the drawing of a circle profile.


This paper reviews recent progress in communication theory in Japan, mainly in the past three years. The topics to be discussed include 1) waveform transmission in band-limited channels and active transmission lines, 2) source-coding problems such as optimal quantizing characteristics, delta modulation, and linear transformation, 3) transmission codes, where mainly multilevel codes have been discussed, 4) new information transmission and modulation schemes, and 5) theories of traffic and switchingsystem design.


This study tested the hypothesis that probabilities derived from a large, geograph ically distant data base of stroke patients could form the basis of an accurate Baye sian decision support system for locally predicting the etiology of strokes. Perform ance of this "extrainstitutional" system on 100 cases was assessed retrospectively, both by error rate and using a new linear accuracy coefficient. This approach to patient classification was found to be surprisingly accurate when compared to classi fication by physicians and to Bayesian classification based on "low cost" local and subjective probabilities. We conclude that for some medical problems Bayesian clas sification systems may be significantly more transferable to new sites than is gener ally believed. Furthermore, this study provides strong support for the utility of clin ical databases in building, transferring, and testing Bayesian classification systems in general. (Med Decis Making 3:501-509, 1983)


The flower of Telang usually grows in the yard or the edge of the forest. This plant typically is a gourd plant. Its seed is classified as orthodox seed, meaning that its seed naturally can be characterized as dried without being damaged. This study aimed to determine the viability and vigor of the Telang seeds (Clitoria ternatea L). A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisted of 6 treatments based on seed origin: South Ternate, North Ternate, Tidore, Thailand, Subaim, and Central Ternate. The experiment was repeated four times, so it consisted of 24 units. The observation variables consisted of growth potential, germination capacity, the vigor of sprouts, growth speed, synchronous growth, and dead seeds. We performed an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to analyze the data. The results showed that the origin of seeds had a significant effect on growth potential, germination, sprout vigor, growth speed, synchronous growth, and dead seed. The best seed viability and vigor were found in North Ternate seeds.


One of the most important tasks facing individuals in 21st century is not just to bring various intelligences (MI) together and use them properly, but figure out how intelligence and morality can work together to create a world in which people can live peacefully in a diverse democratic society. Although some courses under different names have been included in both teacher education programs and in general, education curriculum, they all failed to prepare both teachers and citizens believing in diverse democratic ideals. This paper advocates that instead of placing courses under various names (democracy and human rights, civic rights, social justice and democracy, etc.) into curricula, integrating and practicing moral intelligence activities into each and every lesson of any subject matter would serve better to prepare both more democratic citizens and more skilled and committed teachers in social justice and for a better and more democratic future. Article visualizations:


Measurements of the solar Mg I line at 812/cm are presented, confirming the ubiquitous narrow emission from the quiet sun with secant limb brightening observed by Brault and Noyes (1983). It is found that the central intensity of 12-micron emission lines is greater in plages than in the quiet sun, with an equivalent width up to 3 times greater than for the quiet sun. The magnetic fields measured in plages range from 300 to 800 Gauss. The secant-like limb brightening, and line ratios suggest that the lines are optically thin and are formed in collisional equilibrium with Mg II in a thin layer just above the temperature minimum.


Although the research focus on resilience in aging has been increasing steadily over the last several years, the vital importance of this topic became abundantly clear with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the introductory chapter, editors AndrewWister and Theodore Cosco highlight the numerous physical, social, and emotional challenges experienced by older adults, many of which have been exacerbated by the pandemic. In addition to the rapid aging of both the Canadian and global populations, the recent deleterious circumstances presented by the pandemic underscore the relevance and urgency of increasing our understanding of resilience in older adulthood.Resilience and Aging: Emerging Science and Future Possibilities is a timely edited volume that brings much needed breadth to the resilience and aging literature. This volume consists of 12 chapters of moderate length, beginning with an introduction from the editors, and an initial summary chapter that defines and describes different types of resilience and factors associated with resilience, as well as interventions to strengthen resilience (Chapter 2: Resnick). The remaining chapters can be largely categorized as reflecting one of three themes. The first overarching theme is the exploration of different resilience domains relevant to aging; for example, physical (Chapter 9: Peters), mobility (Chapter 10: Seetharaman et al.), multimorbidity (Chapter 5: Wister), psychological (Chapter 7: Ong et al.), and community (Chapter 11: Wiles) resilience are all specific types of resilience that are particularly relevant to aging and are explored in this volume. The secondmajor theme is the application of resilience to specific populations of older adults. Older adults with dementia and their caregivers (Chapter 3: Windle), older adults experiencing homelessness (Chapter 12: Canham et al.), and individuals who have experienced spousal bereavement (Chapter 8: Carr) are three specific populations for whom resilience research is illuminated. Lastly, the third theme is centered on quantifying resilience in older adulthood. This includes a summary of quantitative methodological approaches to studying resilience in aging (Chapter 6: Kok et al.) as well as applying a disaster systems approach to allow for better quantification of resilience factors among older adults (Chapter 4: Klasa et al.). The chapter titled Quantitative Approaches to Examine Resilience and Aging (Kok et al.) was especially notable and stood out as a practical chapter for use in research. As someone with a measurement background predominantly in relation to resilience, I found it to be a well-written chapter that clearly and concisely summarizes six main quantitative methods employed in resilience research. For each approach, the authors provide a general description, examples from the literature, and the strengths and limitations of each method. As an additional strength of this chapter, the authors highlight the underlying theoretical assumptions for each approach. For example, they identify which approaches fundamentally consider resilience as a process rather than an individual attribute, and which approaches require adversity as a prerequisite to resilience and which do not. This chapter would be valuable for anyone interested in conducting resilience research (in aging or otherwise), as it serves as a guide to selecting amethodology that is appropriate for their theoretical assumptions, research questions, and data. As may be an inevitable feature of an edited volume consisting of chapters from numerous contributors on a related topic, the introductions of each individual chapter are largely redundant, as most authors begin with a broad description of resilience, its various definitions, historical roots, and traditional conceptualizations. However, this repetition—perhaps unintentionally—emphasizes the growing consensus in the conceptualization of the resilience construct as an area of traditional dissensus. For example, across the chapters, authors largely agreed that resilience is a dynamic process that consists of individual factors, as well as environmental and broader societal factors, with influences from across the life course. They also emphasize that in the context of aging, resilience is a more positive concept than other aging models, such as successful aging. Upon reflection, this is the book that I wish had been available while I was completing my graduate studies focused on resilience in aging. It provides exceptional scope of research perspectives in an area that, although rooted in psychology, is inherently interdisciplinary given the wide range of adversities experienced in older adulthood. Indeed, one of the strengths of this book, compared with othermore general resilience volumes, is the diversity in author disciplines. The contributions are from authors specializing in gerontology, nursing, public health, medicine, biostatistics, psychology, sociology, and social work. This diverse collection of perspectives emphasizes a common theme throughout this volume, which is that resilience in aging extends beyond the individual, as numerous systems at multiple levels contribute to resilience in older adults. This book would serve as an excellent resource for students and researchers investigating resilience in later life.With the rapid expansion of research in this area, a resource that highlights the extant contemporary work on this topic was needed. This volume also contains content that Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement


Social networking sites (SNSs) have proliferated rapidly in the last few years and continue to grow in popularity. In many sectors, college students are considered a major market. This study argues that social network services play a pivotal role in a college students' trip information search behavior. Thereby, this study's primary objective is to identify antecedents that influence college students' behaviors to use SNSs in searching for travel information. The online survey was provided to college students in the Midwest United States. The total valid sample size was 156 individuals. 58.4% (n = 87) of the respondents were male and 41.6% (n = 62) were female. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that social life documenting and community forum participation are the key factors affecting behaviors to use SNSs for travel-related information seeking. It is also observed that interaction to others on the systems significantly increase the use of SNS. Implications and suggestions for future research were discussed.


This paper applies modified analytical methods to the fractional-order analysis of one and two-dimensional nonlinear systems of coupled Burgers and Hirota–Satsuma KdV equations. The Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative operator and the Elzaki transform will be used to solve the proposed problems. The results of utilizing the proposed techniques are compared to the exact solution. The technique's convergence is successfully presented and mathematically proven. To demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested techniques, we compared actual and analytic solutions using figures, which are in strong agreement with one another. Furthermore, the solutions achieved by applying the current techniques at different fractional orders are compared to the integer order. The proposed methods are appealing, simple, and accurate, indicating that they are appropriate for solving partial differential equations or systems of partial differential equations.