of the rule are limited to the case where there is an intention not only to violate foreign law but to commit an illegal act within the territory of the foreign State. A different conclusion might be reached, said Viscount Simonds, " if the law of the contract is English and the contract can be wholly performed in England, or at least in some other country than that where the law makes the act illegal." The same limitation was put positively by Lord Reid when he said the crucial fact was that " both parties knew the contract could not be performed without the respondents procuring a breach of the law of India within the territory of that country." And again he said: "this case does not, in my view, involve the enforcement of Indian law in England." The appellant had attempted to stem the effect of the rule in Foster v. Driscoll by calling in aid the well-known rule about foreign penal and revenue laws; and indeed a recent decision of their Lordships in Government of India v. Taylor [1955] A.C. 491 had, as Viscount Simonds put it in the present case, " showed beyond all shadow of doubt that an English court will not enforce the penal or revenue laws of another country at the suit of that country." It did not follow, however, that in a suit between private persons the court would enforce a contract which involved the doing in a foreign country of an act illegal by the law of that country. " For an English court," said Viscount Simonds, " will not enforce a penal law at the suit of a foreign State, yet it would be surprising if it would enforce a contract which required the commission of a crime in that State." Thus the tables were completely turned on the appellant, for in the result it was the rule in Foster v. Driscoll which ousted the rule about foreign penal or revenue laws. Their Lordships did not find it necessary, therefore, to decide whether the Indian law was indeed a " penal law."


Mesoporous materials featuring high surface areas (>600m2g−1), narrow pore size distribution and tuneable pores diameters (>2nm), have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years due to their promising properties and applications in various areas including adsorption, separation, drug delivery, sensing and catalysis. Catalytic applications of such materials have been extended to numerous processes and reactions which range from acid catalysis (alkylations, acylations, esterifications, biodiesel production, etc.) to redox chemistries (oxidation of alcohols, alkenes, sulfides and hydrogenations of acids, aldehydes and ketones and alkenes/alkynes). In this chapter, we aim to provide an overview on the utilisation of mesoporous materials in heterogeneous catalysis, with special emphasis on acid and redox catalysed processes.


The report examines products exempted and excluded from those affected by the 1978 ban on the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as aerosol propellants, the present consumption of CFCs still utilized for these products in the U.S., and alternative formulations which may be used to reduce or eliminate the CFC content of these products. The ban allowed for exemptions if it could be demonstrated that no acceptable alternative propellants were available and that the products were essential. Essentiality was based on three criteria: (1) the product's economic significance, (2) the environmental and health impacts of the product and its substitutes, and (3) the effects on the quality of life resulting from no longer having the product or a reasonable substitute available. Also, if a CFC served some purpose other than as a propellant, that product was excluded from the regulation. The study shows that about 40% of the CFC usage in these products can be immediately replaced by available substitutes. It identified seven categories of products for which immediate replacement of all of the CFC content is not technically feasible.


Chronic inflammation is observed in obesity. Several inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, inhibit insulin signaling and contribute to impaired glucose tolerance in obesity. A previous study reported that growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6)/Tyro3, Axl, MerTK (Gas6 specific receptors; called TAM receptors) signaling has anti-inflammatory activity. In fact, advance in Gas6 expression was observed in some inflammatory diseases, due to compensatory action. Therefore, Gas6/TAM receptor signaling may contribute to inhibiting chronic inflammation in obesity. However, changes in Gas6 and TAM receptor expression in obesity remain unclear. PURPOSE: To determine Gas6 and TAM receptor expression in high-fat diet-fed mice. METHODS: Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) or normal diet (ND, 10% fat) for 16 weeks. Their body weight was measured weekly. Serum Gas6 concentration in HFD and ND mice was measured by ELISA. Gas6 and TAM receptor mRNA expression in skeletal muscle was measured by real-time PCR. Protein expression of TAM receptors in skeletal muscle of exercise-trained ND mice was measured by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Body weight was significantly higher in HFD mice than in ND mice. No difference in serum Gas6 concentration was observed between HFD and ND mice. Although no significant difference in TAM receptor mRNA expression was observed in skeletal muscle of HFD and ND mice, Gas6 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle was significantly higher in HFD mice than in ND mice. Expression of Axl protein, a TAM receptor, in skeletal muscle was enhanced by exercise training of ND mice. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, Gas6 expression advances in skeletal muscle of HFD mice. Axl expression advances in skeletal muscle by exercise training. These results suggest that exercise may contribute to inhibiting inflammation by advance in sensitivity of Gas6/TAM signaling in skeletal muscle in HFD-induced obesity.


In order to process parts of different shapes, CNC systems require interpolation operations. Clockwise circular interpolation, for example, the time of the CNC system segmentation algorithm was improved compared with the original algorithm, which is more convenient, accurate, and prove that fully meet the requirements of CNC system. For the CNC programming and improve processing speed is very favorable.


The steel shows plastic deformation after the yield point exceeds. Because of overloads, the plastic deformation occurs at the interior support of a continuous bridge. The plastic deformation is concentrated at the interior support, and the permanence deformation at the interior support remains after loads pass. Because local yielding causes the positive moment at the interior support, it is called "auto moment". Auto moment redistributes the elastic moment. Because of redistribution, auto moment decreases the negative moment at the interior support of a continuous bridge. In this paper, the moment-rotation curve from Schalling is used. The Plastic rotation is computed by using Beam-line method, and auto moment is calculated based on the experiment curve. The design example is presented using limit state criterion.


Discretization methods are proposed for control-volume formulations on polygonal and triangular grid cells in two space dimensions. The methods are applicable for any system of conservation laws where the flow density is defined by a gradient law, like Darcy's law for porous-media flow. A strong feature of the methods is the ability to handle media inhomogeneities in combination with full-tensor anisotropy. This paper gives a derivation of the methods, and the relation to previously published methods is also discussed. A further discussion of the methods, including numerical examples, is given in the companion paper, Part II [SIAM J. Sci. Comput., pp. 1717--1736].


Laser induced damage of optical components is often a limiting factor for the development of high power lasers. Indeed, for many years, organic contamination is identified as a factor decreasing the laser induced damage threshold of optical surfaces, limiting the use of high fluencies. Also, for the development of its laser facilities, Laser MégaJoule and PETawatt Aquitaine Laser, the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives investigates the influence of organic contamination on the performances of the optical components. Actually, although great care is provided on the cleanliness of the optics, organic volatile compounds outgassed from surrounding materials can be adsorbed by the sensitive surfaces during its timelife. Thus, for this study, performances of clean and contaminated multilayer dielectric mirrors are compared. Contamination is intentionally realized either by controlled protocols or by exposing optics inside the laser facilities. Qualification and quantification of the organic contamination is realized by automated thermal desorption and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Laser induced damage threshold of clean and contaminated mirrors are then investigated by 1053 nm laser at 670 fs.


The propeller is a fundamental part of an aircraft powered by the turboprops, piston engines, or electric motors. A propeller that spins efficiently through air directly results in environmentally ...


This paper presents a set of research efforts about learning methodologies, gamification and quality, conducted with the support of the eMadrid project, of the Regional Government of Madrid. Firstly, works performed in the first two years of the Project are summarized. Later, lines of research foreseen for the two next years are presented.


Part 1 Introduction: integration vs. autonomy - a background to civil-military relations in Russia. part 2 Civil-military relations in the Russian Federation: the emergence of a new Russian Federation the armed forces and the process of reform the military, politics and society in the Russian Federation the military-industrial complex - attempts at conversion the closed cities of the Russian Federation. Part 3 Civil-military relations on the Kola Peninsula: the Kola Peninsula - an introduction the northern fleet the naval shipyards - surviving without cash the closed towns on the Kola Peninsula the military, politics and society on the Kola Peninsula.


The unexpected growth of the world population and the exodus from rural areas to the city lead to a food insecurity concern. Also, a strike of truck drivers caused significant impacts on the distribution of food in the city of Rio de Janeiro and other cities in the country. The unexpected growth of the population and the strike of truck drivers incident are examples of food insecurity in many cities in the country. To address the food insecurity problem, solutions guided by the Internet of Things paradigm such as smart farms have been gaining increasing attention. However, food production in smart farms is still a challenge. To surpass this challenge, a possible solution is to map the information regarding the producers of the state of Rio de Janeiro, and analyze this data together with other sources, reducing the difficulties in the distribution of food products, and allowing information exchange, for the development of sustainable cultivation. In this paper, a small analysis of the producers of the state of Rio de Janeiro is presented. We then present an initial monitoring system that would allow a big data analysis in the future. These analyzes are implemented based on environmental data (temperature, humidity, light intensity) that are related to the growth of these producers' crops.


Melanie R Nicol, PharmD, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kerr Hall 3317, CB#7569, Chapel Hill, NC 27519-7569, (P) 919-843-0321, (F) 919-962-0644 Jessica L Adams, PharmD, BCPS, and Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacy Administration, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4495, (P) 215-596-8759 Angela DM Kashuba, BScPhm, PharmD, DABCP Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kerr Hall 3318, CB#7569, Chapel Hill, NC 27519-7569, (P) 919-966-9998, (F) 919-962-0644


Content-Based Image Retrieval is a process to retrieve the similar images from the large set of image database corresponding to the query image. In CBIR low level or pixel level features such as color, texture and shape of the images are extracted and on the basis of similarity matching algorithm the required similar kind of images are retrieved from the image database. To understand the evaluation and evolution of CBIR system various research was studied and various research is going on this way also. In this paper, we have discussed some of the popular pixel level feature extraction techniques for Content-Based Image Retrieval and we also present here about the performance of each technique.


In this paper, we get a lower bound of the smallest singular value of an arbitrarily matrix A by the trace of H(A) and the Euclidean norm of H(A), where H(A) is Hermitian part of A, numerical examples show the e ectiveness of our results.


City culture should be a kind of municipal culture which has a special and modern connotation.It has three levels: material culture,institutional culture and intellectual culture.In the cultural construction of Hengyang,Hengyang is orientated as "livable city","ecological city",and "harmonious city".To achieve the goal,we should work harder on the "Three Creations and Promotions" as follows:To create an livable city,continuously promote the material culture level in Hengyang city to let people enjoy the happiness of material culture life;to create an ecological city,constantly promote the taste of cultural life in Hengyang to make people have a more colorful cultural life and to create a harmonious city,ceaselessly promote the connotation of institutional culture in Hengyang city to have people's basic culture rights guaranteed better.This is the corporate responsibility for all people in Hengyang.


The paper determined the strip mining method under village in Liudian Coal Mine.By mining two strip face,about 110,000 t coals were mined safely.Actual measurement shows that the buildings of village are in good condition without any reinforcement and the coal pillar can keep stable for a long time.


The abundance of spedies of Neuroptera was studied in the traditional cultural landscape of Goricko (NE Slovenia). The insects were collected during 1997-1998 and 1999 at 12 different localities. The green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea sensu lato was the most dominant species in the region. This species was the only one found in cultivated fields in Goricko district


According to the work characteristics and the main problems existing in department office management in universities,this paper puts forward some innovative management ideas,such as "human-oriented management","standardized administration management" and "organization of theory learning".Combined with the practical work,the office management can be improved by management education,organization perfection and knowledge sharing.


An intensity-based source-inversion technique, that earlier was applied only to larger earthquakes, has been tested on the basis of regional macroseismic intensity patterns from four recent earthquakes in south-western Norway for which high-quality instrumental data have provided independent assessments of magnitudes, locations and fault-plane solutions. In spite of the modest magnitudes of the earthquakes (M L 4.0-5.2) and the asymmetry of the sampled area due to the proximity to the coast, the test was satisfactory enough in that the inversion results for three out of the four events studied came close to the independent solutions from instrumental data. In addition, we inverted the intensity data from a 1954, M L 4.5, earthquake from the same region for which independent instrumental data are lacking, and found results that are consistent with our present understanding of the seismotectonics in this region. The method is based on the inversion of a kinematic function that represents the ground motion, at a given point on the surface, from a line source. Since the problem is nonlinear and possibly also bimodal, we used a sharing Niching Genetic Algorithm to perform the inversion. The inversion includes a number of source parametres, the most sensitive of which were the hypocentral coordinates and the fault-plane parametres. The parametres obtained for the south-western Norway earthquakes studied here were generally stable except for the epicentral longitude, due to the partial lack of data towards the offshore (North Sea) region to the west. The present study has shown that it is possible to extend this type of inversion of earthquake intensity data to lower magnitudes, sometimes even in cases when the sampling from the felt area is asymmetric. As such, the results achieved encourage the use of this method also for historical, pre-instrumental earthquakes also from low-seismicity regions. This opens the way for significant advances based on historical data that earlier could be used only for a broader assessment of earthquake locations and magnitudes.


African American (AA) liver transplant (LT) recipients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) have higher rates of graft loss than other racial/ethnic groups. The Donor Risk Index (DRI) predicts graft loss but is neither race‐ nor disease‐specific and may not be optimal for assessing donor risk for AA HCV‐positive LT recipients. We developed a DRI for AA with HCV with the goal of enhancing graft loss predictions. All U.S. HCV‐positive adult AA first deceased donor LTs surviving ≥30 days from March 2002 to December 2009 were included. A total of 1,766 AA LT recipients were followed for median 2.8 (interquartile range [IQR] 1.3‐4.9) years. Independent predictors of graft loss were donor age (40‐49 years: hazard ratio [HR] 1.54; 50‐59 years: HR 1.80; 60+ years: HR 2.34, P < 0.001), non‐AA donor (HR 1.66, P < 0.001), and cold ischemia time (CIT) (HR 1.03 per hour >8 hours, P = 0.03). Importantly, the negative effect of increasing donor age on graft and patient survival among AAs was attenuated by receipt of an AA donor. A new donor risk model for AA (AADRI‐C) consisting of donor age, race, and CIT yielded 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year predicted graft survival rates of 91%, 77%, and 68% for AADRI <1.60; 86%, 67%, and 55% for AADRI 1.60‐2.44; and 78%, 53%, and 39% for AADRI >2.44. In the validation dataset, AADRI‐C correctly reclassified 27% of patients (net reclassification improvement P = 0.04) compared to the original DRI. Conclusion: AADRI‐C identifies grafts at higher risk of failure and this information is useful for risk‐benefit discussions with recipients. Use of AA donors allows consideration of older donors. (Hepatology 2013;58:1263–1269)


Experiments with scintillation counters using p-terphenyl in benzene are described. By the use of a combination of steel screening, coincidence counting and pulse height selection the total background is reduced to 30 c.p.m. at room temperature for a counting volume of 20 ml. The 14C detection efficiency under these conditions is approximately 40%. Light interaction between the photomultipliers used is almost eliminated by the use of a suitable filter.


In my editorial last November, I suggested that evidence-based practice in physical therapy is a myth. That was my story then and I am sticking to it. It happens that the "evidence" in evidence-based practice is assessed in the eye of the beholder. In this sense, there is no absolute truth and the same "evidence" may very well lead us in different directions. The "evidence" in evidence-based practice is for each of us to decide. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2000;30(2):52–55. doi:10.2519/jospt.2000.30.2.52


Software distributed shared memory (S-DSM) provides an attractive parallel programming model. We are developing yet another S-DSM system, Mocha. Its design philosophy is to achieve good performance for a large PC cluster and to offer an easy to use S-DSM system. In the current version of Mocha, the first goal is mainly attained by reducing the acknowledgment (Ack) overhead. We show that an acknowledgment is not necessarily required for each message transmission in the middleware layer. Then, a method to reduce the acknowledgment overhead for a page request is mentioned. The method is implemented in our S-DSM system Mocha Version 0.2. We report the performance of Mocha Version 0.2 with several benchmark programs on a 32-node PC cluster.


Nowadays, we have known more and more about atomic details, molecular compound characteristics, and cellular infrastructures and communications in living systems. In this context, it has been fundamental the cumulative and thorough knowledge on polymeric molecules, whose abundant structural information are publically available in the database of the Protein Data Bank, PDB, with primary data and in other related databases that categorize the data distinctively.


The d-dimensional discrete Schrodinger operator whose potential is sup- ported on the subspace Z d2 of Z d is considered: H = Ha + VM ,w hereHa = H0 + Va, H0 is the d-dimensional discrete Laplacian, Va is a constant "surface" potential, Va(x )= aδ(x1), x =( x1 ,x 2), x1 ∈ Z d1 , x2 ∈ Z d2 , d1 + d2 = d ,a ndVM (x )= gδ(x1 )t anπ(α · x2 + ω )w ithα ∈ R d2 , ω ∈ (0, 1). It is proved that if the com- ponents of α are rationally independent, i.e., the surface potential is quasiperiodic, then the spectrum of H on the interval (−d, d) (coinciding with the spectrum of the discrete Laplacian) is purely absolutely continuous, and the associated generalized eigenfunctions have the form of the sum of the incident wave and waves reflected by the surface potential and propagating into the bulk of Z d . If, in addition, α satisfies a certain Diophantine condition, then the remaining part R \ (−d, d) of the spectrum is pure point, dense, and of multiplicity one, and the associated eigenfunctions decay exponentially in both x1 and x2 (localized surface states). Also, the case of a rational α = p/q for d1 = d2 = 1 (i.e., the case of a periodic surface potential) is discussed. In this case the entire spectrum is purely absolutely continuous, and besides the bulk waves there are also surface waves whose amplitude decays exponentially as |x1 |→∞ but does not decay in x2. The part of the spectrum corresponding to the surface states consists of q separated bands. For large q, the bands outside of (−d, d )a re exponentially small in q, and converge in a natural sense to the pure point spectrum of the quasiperiodic case with Diophantine α's.


For postcolonial scholar Homi Bhabha, 'third space' was a way of drawing attention to cultural difference as a productive location, as a 'position of liminality' that might be taken up in 'a spirit of alterity or otherness' (1990, p.209). In such a space, human subjects brush against one another and are consequently changed by that contact. Discourses such as those of race and other hierarchies of difference impact on such contacts. Although Bhabha was talking about a postcolonial third space, a space of cultural difference, in this paper I'd like to borrow his term to consider pre-service teacher training at the University of Western Sydney, where Master of Teaching Secondary students are required to complete a volunteer placement in an alternative education setting in a unit called 'PE3' (Professional Experience Three). Bhabha's metaphor invokes transition, transformation and productive instability. However it also provokes consideration of space as material location, with spatial and temporal dimensions. Critical geographer Edward Soja's conception of 'third space' takes up these aspects within an intensely social vision of how space is produced and used (1996). This paper begins an exploration of these multiple dimensions of 'third space' in teacher education.


It is found that there are several factors which arrest the development of positive mental health education(PMHE) in vocational colleges.The following are included:(1) PMHE is not specially designed and performed according to the physiological characteristic of vocational college students;(2) The mainstream pattern of PMHE is still the negative problem diagnosis model;(3) PMHE can hardly get supports which are needed from families and communities;(4) PMHE is unfortunately based on the traditional negative views on humanity.To solve these problems: firstly,we have to do much more research on the psychological characteristics of vocational college students,and then formulate corresponding measures to motivate their positive mentality;secondly,we must pay more attention to the advantages rather than the disadvantages of students,to help them gain essential sense of control and regain self-respect and self-confidence through their positive emotional experience;thirdly,colleges,families and communities should be integrated into an unified system to promote the energy interchange between students and the environments;finally,by replacing "bounded self" with "relational self" and the change of the views on humanity,we can prepare the cultural soil and philosophical navigation for the promotion to the positive mental health education in vocational colleges.


This paper seeks to bolster the view that Keynes was a monetary economist concerned primarily with monetary and not fiscal policy. His most fundamental policy conclusion for national economies was that the authorities could control the long-term rate of interest and should do so to promote investment, growth and employment. Keynes's theory of liquidity preference is presented as a theory of money as a store of value that leads to this fundamental policy conclusion. The theory is then applied to explain the debt management, monetary and international financial policies that were adopted in World War II. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.


There are actually three different types of data telemetry in the aquatic environment: acoustic, optic and electromagnetic. Table I shows the pros and cons of the different technologies. This paper will concentrate on the use of electromagnetic waves as a carrier through-water, through-ice and through-ground.


Peer review contribution to: Davenport-Hines, R., "Forte, Charles, Baron Forte (1908–2007)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Jan 2011; online edn., May 2011


Background: Cushing's syndrome (CS) is characterized by the overproduction of cortisol. Common causes include pituitary adenomas and excess produceduction from adrenal pathologies. Rarely pulmonaryneuroendocrine tumors can produce ACTH and cause CS. It is controversial if such tumors are more aggressive. Case Report: A 45years old male hospitalized due to weakness, dyspnea, swelling of ankles, disorientation and raised levels of Cortisol (>60.0 mcg/dL), Parathormone (168 ng/L), low level of Aldosterone (0.4 mcg/24H) and severe hypokalemia (1.8 mEg/L). MRI of the pituitary gland and brain with contrast did not show any abnormalities. CT- scan of the thorax and abdomen showed a lesion in the right lower lobe with size 1.7 cm. After potassium substitution and improvement the patient was discharged and redirected to Endocrinology, where additional findings were raised levels of ACTH (155.7 pg/ml), Chromogranin A (116 ng/ml) and urinary free Cortisol (1750 nmol/24h). SPECT-CT with99mTc-Tektrotyd showed high tracer accumulation in the lung lesion and the adrenal glands. The fibrobronchoscopy showed normal endoscopic finding. The patient was admitted underwent right pyramid resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection. The histology was typical carcinoid - T1bN0M0- st. After the removal of the tumor all hormonal levels normalized. In the next 6 months of follow up the patient is in very good condition with normal hormonal levels. Conclusion: Ectopic ACTH- secreting tumours are some of the most challenging differential diagnoses and require multidisciplinary approach with close collaboration between endocrinologist, surgeon, pathologist, and radiologist.


The electrospinning technique provides a simple, cost-effective approach for producing polymeric and inorganic nanofibers with structures that vary with the processing parameters. In this paper, the polymer/TiO2 hybrid nanofibers micro- porous membranes were prepared from a polymer solution containing titanium (IV) butoxide (TBT) by electrospinning tech- nique. The as-spun nanofibers microporous membranes were placed in air for 5 h to allow complete hydrolysis. The mor- phology of the microporous membranes was observed using electron scanning microscopy (SEM) under vacuum condition. The uptake and porosity of microporous membranes were investigated by weighting method before and after soaking elec- trolyte. The ionic conductivity of the microporous membranes was measured using the complex impedance technique. The blocking cell of stainless steel/microporous membranes/stainless steel was used at 1—10 5 Hz frequency range at 25 ℃. The AC amplitude was 5 mV. The TiO2 electrode was obtained by spreading titania paste (P25) on the conducting glass substrate using a doctor blade technique. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) devices were fabricated based on the microporous membrane electrolyte by sandwiching a slice of the polymer/TiO2 hybrid nanofibers microporous membrane between a dye-sensitized TiO2 electrode and a Pt counter electrode. The edges of the cell were sealed with narrow strips of Surlyn hot melt. The morphology and three-dimensional structure of polymer/TiO2 hybrid nanofibers microporous membranes did not markedly change after absorbing liquid electrolyte, which indicated that the introduction of TiO2 into polymer nanofibers could improve the mechanical properties of the nanofibers. These also made the polymer/TiO2 hybrid nanofibers microporous membranes possess high uptake and porosity. The TiO2 content in hybrid nanofibers was about 50 wt% according to the TG results. The wetting and diffusion properties of hybrid nanofibers microporous membranes to liquid electrolyte were im- proved due to the incorporation of TiO2. The ionic conductivities of PVP/TiO2, PAN/TiO2 hybrid nanofibers microporous membranes quasi-solid electrolyte could reach 2.81 mScm -1 and 2.62 mScm -1 , respectively, which were close to those of liquid electrolytes. The overall conversion efficiencies of quasi-solid DSSCs with N719 dye based on PVP/TiO2, PAN/TiO2 hybrid nanofibers microporous membranes quasi-solid electrolyte reached 7.79% and 7.97%, respectively, which exceeded over 90% of the liquid electrolyte. Meanwhile, the fabricated DSSCs showed good long-term stability. Keywords dye sensitized solar cells; electrospinning; nanofiber; microporous membrane; conductivity


Growth responses to exogenous CO2 or ethylene and the production of CO2 or ethylene in embryonic axes excised from dormant or non-dormant seeds of cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.) were examined in relation to oxygen tension. There were two ethylene-producing systems in the axes, one anaerobic and one aerobic. The former was active in dormant seeds and the latter was active in non-dormant seeds. The axes from non-dormant but impotent small seeds, incapable of germinating under ordinary conditions, showed higher activities for both systems. However, there was no qualitative difference in the oxygen response as to CO2 output between the dormant and non-dormant axes, but CO2 output under aerobic conditions was greater with non-dormant seeds. Regardless of dormancy status, growth stimulation of axes by CO2 occurred when it was applied during the beginning of incubation and in atmospheres with oxygen concentrations insufficient to permit normal axial growth. Nevertheless, the stimulation of ethylene production by CO2 was parallel with the increase of oxygen tension, suggesting that the CO2-stimulated ethylene production could not be the result of CO2-stimulated axial growth. The growth response was most sensitive to ethylene after the CO2-sensitive period and before an oxygen-requiring period. Similarly to the action of CO2, the most striking effect of ethylene on the growth of non-dormant axes was obtained in oxygen-deficient atmospheres. However, the synergistic interaction between CO*2 and ethylene occurred only in aerobic conditions. Unlike the non-dormant axes, the dormant ones, whose aerobic ethylene productivity was very small, responded to ethylene with increased growth in proportion to increasing oxygen tension.


This paper is the final part of a trilogy dealing with Harvington Hall in Worcestershire from 1529 until 1923, when it passed into the ownership of the Archdiocese of Birmingham. The first part, 'The Pakingtons of Harvington [1529–1631]' by Lionel and Veronica Anderton Webster, appeared in Recusant History in April 1974; my sequel, 'The Yates of Harvington, 1631–1696', followed in October 1994.' This third part appropriately appears in an issue of Recusant History to mark the ninetieth birthday of Fr. Geoffrey Holt, S.J., who over the years has published many studies of other country-house missions in the eighteenth century, and whose characteristic combination of scholarship, lucidity and human sympathy is a model of how such things ought to be done. He appreciates the problems and will, I hope, appreciate the result.


Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in the endocrine system. This dreadful disease is found in all parts of the world and is becoming a serious threat to mankind health. It is caused by the deficiency or ineffective production of insulin by pancreas which results in increase or decrease in concentrations of glucose in the blood. There are lots of chemical agents available to control and to treat diabetic patients, but total recovery from diabetes has not been reported up to this date. Alternative to these synthetic agents, many herbal plants with hypoglycemic properties are known from across the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed 21,000 plants, which are used for medicinal purposes around the world. Among these 2500 species are in India, out of which 150 species are used commercially on a fairly large scale. India is the largest producer of medicinal herbs and is called as botanical garden of the world. This paper focuses mainly on diabetes, plants used as Antidiabetic in various traditional medicines, constituents isolated from these plants, various mechanisms through which herbs act against diabetes and few examples of antidiabetic formulations available in the market.


A plenoptic wavefront sensor is proposed for the measurement of the atmospheric turbulence on satellite-toground optical communications. The design will be based on the outcome of the performance simulations for the specific site Teide Observatory (Spain). The performance of the plenoptic wavefront sensor is compared to a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor operating under the same conditions. Scenarios with high signal-to-noise ratio are considered with a main focus on communications with geostationary satellites. The turbulent conditions are modelled taking into account the greatest realistic range (weak and strong turbulence) at Teide Observatory in both daytime and night time. The model is defined for space-to-ground laser communications at 532 nm, 1064 nm, and 1550 nm assuming several apertures for the receiver telescope. This paper presents the numerical simulations and main findings regarding phase retrieval and wavefront sensors behaviour in weak and strong atmospheric turbulence regimes; and demonstrates the outstanding behaviour of the plenoptic camera in strong turbulence conditions.


Wavelength modulation spectroscopy with diode lasers has been used by many researchers to perform sensitive measurements in gaseous media. However, there is one distinct complication that often arises from the use of diode lasers which is that frequency modulation, performed by modulation of the injected current, is accompanied by simultaneous amplitude modulation. In this paper, we treat the effects of simultaneous amplitude and frequency modulation and obtain a complete expression (accounting also for the phase difference between the two types of modulation), for the signal in a modulation spectroscopic experiment in which phase sensitive detection is performed at any harmonic of the modulation frequency.


Abstract : The report summarizes the findings of the 1973 performance survey conducted by the authors at DYE-2 and DYE-3 from 4 June to 11 July 1973. Field work at each site consisted of elevation surveys of building components (footings, truss collars, truss enclosure, and underside of elevated structure); the POL system (tanks, shafts, and tunnels); and the wastewater disposal system (tunnels, pits, and vents); along with the surrounding snow surface. Temperatures were measured in the surrounding snow, truss enclosure, POL tunnels and sewer tunnels. At each site a comprehensive visual inspection was made of the composite building and its appurtenances.


The use of Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) in decision making related to transportation risk is still much debated. Mainly because of the travel and socio-economic characteristics of the traveller it possible for different responses to the specified Reference Point (RP) as well as the loss aversion. This difference can be seen from the value of Cumulative Prospect Theory parameters. Therefore, this paper will discuss about the determination of parameters CPT which affect public transportation mode choice model in the course of work trip activity. The reference point as an essential part of this study is determined based on the average travel time of commuter worker from South Tangerang City to Jakarta. Data obtained from stated preference survey, Feeder Busway/Busway and Commuter Line Jabodetabek as mode alternative and travel time attribute as a risk factor. The Binomial Logit model which has transformed utility distribution and probability with CPT and the Least Square Method to be obtained the parameters. Finally, some conclusions can be drawn that the CPT parameters produced by this study, have closed the range of value requirements in the CPT theory. So that the parameter value can be used to model the probability of mode choice with the risk of travel time in the study area.


How high quality parks and public spaces create economic, social and environmental value Introduction " We are the fourth wealthiest nation in the world, and yet we have chosen for a long time to dress ourselves in rags. As a society we seem now to accept the poverty of our streets and spaces. " Public space is all around us, a vital part of everyday urban life: the streets we pass through on the way to school or work, the places where children play, or where we encounter nature and wildlife; the local parks in which we enjoy sports, walk the dog and sit at lunchtime; or simply somewhere quiet to get away for a moment from the bustle of a busy daily life. In other words, public space is our open-air living room, our outdoor leisure centre.


Standardized tests to assure the reliability of photovoltaic modules and to detect possible early failures of modules when exposed in the field, due to design flaws or to the use of non‐appropriate materials, have played an important role in the successful growth of photovoltaic market in recent years. In order for this growth to be sustainable in coming years, it is crucial to keep the confidence of investors in standard well‐established technologies and to increase confidence in new emerging technologies. For these reasons, there is an ongoing work for the improvement of current tests and for the development of new ones, which besides assuring module reliability in the field, have also the aim of predicting their lifetime. The analysis of degradation of modules that were field exposed over a long period of time is fundamental to identify the degradation mechanisms and to collect statistics on modules behavior. This work focuses on the analysis of the change of the photovoltaic module electrical characteristics after approximately 20 years of field exposure, considering differences in the design of cells that were used for the production of these modules, which were identified by detailed visual inspection. Failure modes were investigated by comprehensive visual inspection and the use of spatially resolved analysis techniques as follows: laser beam‐induced current and electroluminescence. The main failure mode identified was yellowing of the encapsulant. © 2015 The Authors. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.


Abstract This paper investigates teachers' agency in relation to their professional development. In particular, we refer to research skills and attitude in-service teachers may acquire while attending an international master of research in education. A semi-structured interview was administrated to nine in-service teachers, coming from three different African countries. All of them are attending an international master course aimed to acquire skills in science educational research. The data collected was qualitatively analysed through a category system based on five types of agency. Teachers express the various types of agency in their attempt to extend their action in the context of belonging, with a strong social connotation towards colleagues, students, and the community.


In this paper we present a new method for making decisions on integration strategy for in-vehicle automotive systems. We describe the problem of choosing integration strategy and we describe the method, which is a combination of the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method, ATAM, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process, AHP. We exemplify the use of the proposed method by evaluating the integration decisions concerning the physical connection of a realistic example system; a computer controlled automatic gearbox. We present analysis on the use of the method and conclude that the method has several benefits compared to ATAM or AHP used individually. The method firstly supports a structured way of listing system goals, and secondly, it also supports the making of design decisions.


Introduction: In the Martian atmosphere, the main component is carbon dioxide (CO2). Since the air temperature often falls below the condensation temperature of CO2 in the polar night regions on Mars, it is supposed that the supersaturation and/or condensation of CO2 can occur in the atmosphere [1]. Previous studies showed that CO2 supersaturation is caused by atmospheric gravity waves in the mesosphere, mountain waves, transient waves (baroclinic waves) and stationary waves. The Radio occultation (RO) measurements by Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) [2] provided more than 20,000 profiles of temperature and pressure on Mars during 1998-2007 (Mars Year 24-28) and those data are suitable for the studies of atmospheric thermal structures including CO2 supersaturation. The present study investigates the effects of transient waves and stationary waves on CO2 supersaturation in the Martian atmosphere by using the MGS RO data. We show the spatio-temporal distribution of the occurrence of CO2 supersaturation, focusing on the northern polar nights regions (60-70N), where enough profiles of temperature and pressure of the MGS RO data are available. We also compare the MGS RO results with numerical simulation results. Data: The MGS RO data includes altitude, temperature, pressure and air number density, and are provided at the website of the Planetary Data System, NASA. For comparison, we utilized simulation results from the numerical models, Martian Climate Database (MCD) [3] and Dynamics, RAdiation, MAterial Transport and their mutual InteraCtions (DRAMATIC) [4]. Results: At higher altitudes (above ~400Pa), CO2 supersaturation appears at longitudes 90-180E and 270-360E, and no saturation can be seen in other longitude domains (Figure 1a). The longitudinal sections where CO2 supersaturation occurs overlap with zonal temperature minima with wave number 2 (s=2). The results from the numerical model, DRAMATIC, are consistent with the observations (Figure 1b) and suggest more frequent occurrence of CO2 supersaturation even above 100 Pa, where much smaller number of CO2 supersaturation events were observed by the MGS RO measurements. At the lower altitudes, CO2 supersaturation occurs at all the longitude sections, although the effect of the stationary wave still remains. Past studies showed that transient waves with s=1,2 and 3 frequently appear in the midto high latitudes during autumn and winter [5,6]. We conducted wave number analyses to extract the fluctuation components of temperature caused by transient waves [6]. Figure 2 shows an example of the fluctuation components caused by a transient wave with s=3 and a period (P) of 2.4 sol. Many CO2 supersaturation events occur in the temperature minima of the transient wave. This suggests a strong influence of transient waves on CO2 supersaturation in the lower altitudes. References: [1] Kieffer et al. (1977) JGR, 82(28), 4249–4291. [2] Hinson et al. (1999) JGR, 104(E11), 26,997–27,012. [3] Millour et al. (2012) EPS Congress, Abstract Vol. 7, EPSC2012-302. [4] Kuroda et al. (2005) J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 83(1), 1–19. [5] Banfield et al. (2003) Icarus, 161(2), 319-345. [6] Hinson et al. (2006) JGR, 111, E05002. Figure 2: Temperature fluctuation components of a transient wave (s=3, P=2.4 sol) on the pressure level of 610 Pa during Ls=316-330 in MY 25. Red crosses indicate CO2 supersaturation events observed by the MGS RO measurements. (a)


A class of nonlinear generalised predictive controllers (NGPC) is derived for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with offset or steady-state response error. The MIMO composite controller consists of an optimal NGPC and a nonlinear disturbance observer. The design of the nonlinear disturbance observer to estimate the offset is particularly simple, as is the associated proof of overall nonlinear closed-loop system stability. Moreover, the transient error response of the disturbance observer can be arbitrarily specified by simple design parameters. Very satisfactory performance of the proposed MIMO nonlinear predictive controller is demonstrated for a three-link nonlinear robotic manipulator example.


Talking about language, it must be related to vocabulary that someone able to produce, if someone, especially the learners have many vocabularies. So, they should be spoken well, in KTSP state that, the students are expected to master at least 1000 vocabulary to reach the curriculum target. So, the teacher should use
good technique that suitable with situation and condition of the students in teaching learning process. There are many techniques in teaching vocabulary, but
no one is the best and worst, in this case the writer want to know how the teacher
use many technique in teaching vocabulary that influence the students in
mastering vocabulary, the data are collected by conducting observation, and questionnaire the writer observed the process of teaching by the English teachers. Next, she gave the questionnaire sheet to the teacher they are fifteen questions in open question and one question in essay from every question contains for options. The writer found that using picture in teaching English vocabulary is dominated the answer of questionnaire. Every question that related to the picture techniques has higher percentage in the answer.


Abstract This short article describes the life and times of the Brazilian economist Celso Furtado (1920–2004). It underlines the four major periods of his activities and evolving thought: as head of the Division of Development at the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), in Santiago de Chile; in the Northeast of Brazil, where he became a man of action as head of the Sudene (Superintendency for the Development of the Northeast), a governmental agency to foster development in this region; during his long exile in France as a professor of economics; and his return to Brazil to be minister of culture, then becoming a major political and moral point of reference in the country. The article also highlights his main contributions to the theory of underdevelopment, to the economic history and regional problems of Brazil, and to the cultural dimension of development.


Pr142 has been oriented as an impurity in cerium magnesium nitrate, and the anisotropy of the 1.57 Mev γ-ray was measured as a function of temperature in the range 0.003° K to 1.0° K, both in zero external field and in a field of 320 gauss parallel to the trigonal crystal axis. The results are not consistent with what has been published about the spin Hamiltonian of Pr+++ in this lattice. The magnetic moment of Pr142 is very small, and it was not possible to see any saturation of the anisotropy at low temperatures. Values for the magnetic moment of Pr142 were found for two different assumed decay schemes, these are 0.11 nuclear magnetons for the spin assignments , and 0.15 nuclear magnetons for the spin assignments . Similar experiments were carried out on Yb175. Measurements were made in a variety of external magnetic fields up to 700 oersted, and at temperatures as low as 0.003° K. No anisotropy was observed for the 396 kev γ-ray, nor for the 282 kev γ-ray. The most likely explanation for this result is...


laboratory investigations into psychic phenomena is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the laboratory investigations into psychic phenomena is universally compatible with any devices to read.


stenosis by advancing the ETT, pushing the stent forward and off of the bronchoscope. If the stent was too distal, the sutures could be used to retract it. Once the stent was seated, they were removed by pulling on one end of each looped suture. Nomori et al4 described a small cohort of patients in whom tubular silicone stents were placed by folding and inserting the stent into the distal end of an ETT. The ETT was then positioned in the airway and the stent was pushed into place while withdrawing the ETT. One patient did require a tracheostomy to remove the stent 3 months after deployment, leaving them to conclude that stent repositioning or removal does require tracheostomy or rigid bronchoscopy. In a Letters to the editor, de Castro et al5 report a single case of advancing a flexible scope sheathed with a stent and a "pusher tube" into the bronchus intermedius under real-time visual guidance. Our technique leveraged the presence of a stoma and had the advantage of real-time visualization during stent placement without disrupting patient ventilation. By folding and tying the stent with quick-release sutures we believe that a wide range of tubular stent sizes can be deployed to various locations in the airway. However, caution must be exercised when placing stents that might be too large to extract. Although this patient had a tracheostomy, this method could potentially be performed through a laryngeal mask or very large diameter ETT.


In this paper, we adapt Tuy's concave cutting plane method to the semisupervised clustering. We also give properties of local optimal solutions of the semisupervised clustering. Numerical examples show that this method can give a better solution than other semi-supervised clustering algorithms do.


Exposure of beer to light results in the formation of undesirable flavours or complete spoilage. Photo-damaged beerhas a specific, so-called skunky or light-struck flavour (LSF). The compound responsible for LSF is 3-methylbut-2-ene-1-thiol (MBT). Riboflavin (RF) plays a key role in the formation of MBT. It absorbs light in the blue part of thespectrum and transfers excitation energy to isohumulones. This process is accompanied by the decomposition of RF,which causes a decrease in the absorbance of the sample at 450 nm. The decomposition is directly related to theformation of LSF. In this study, the decrease in absorbance associated with the defined illumination of model and realbeer directly in commercial bottles was measured. The decrease in absorbance correlated with the decrease in RFconcentration and the formation of LSF detected by the sensory panel. The Light-Struck Flavour Susceptibility Indexwas introduced as a rate of the beer susceptibility to light degradation and the formation of LSF.


Industry-University-Research cooperation is an important and effective approach for enterprise to obtain technology,however,we are lack of the understanding of the rule and the mode of technology transfer.So,the main modes of Industry-University-Research cooperation are introduced,at the same time,the factors affecting Industry-University-Research cooperation are put forward,and then the choice of different modes are discussed.


Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiac disease, morphologically characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and impaired heart function. HCM is primarily associated with mutations in sarcomeric proteins. Mutations in sarcomeric Myosin Binding Protein C (MYBPC3) account for approximately 25% of all HCM patients. The majority of mutations in MYBPC3 are nonsense mutations, predicted to produce truncated proteins. However, instead of truncated proteins, lower levels of full-length protein of MYPBC3 are frequently found in heart samples of patients with mutations in MYBPC3, strongly suggesting that haploinsufficiency is responsible for the cardiac disease phenotype. It has been previously shown that upon ablation of MYBPC3 the myosin cross-bridges are localized closer to the actin filament, suggesting that MYBPC3 functions as a structural restraint, holding a fraction of the myosin heads at a specific distance from the actin filament. We hypothesize that the shortening of the distance between the myosin cross-bridges and the actin filaments is responsible for the increase of stretch activation kinetics leading to an increase in calcium sensitivity and contractile dysfunction. In order to develop a human in vitro model for HCM we mimicked MYBPC3 haploinsufficiency by generating stable lines in human pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CM) in which MYPBC3 protein levels were reduced by 40 to 90% using short-hairpin RNA sequences. To analyze structural and Ca2+ kinetic changes induced by the MYBPC3 knockdown we are using stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), a superresolution fluorescence imaging method, to measure the distances between sarcomeric proteins in combination with Ca2+ imaging using a ratiometric method. At a mechanical level we are able to measure total cell force of contraction by measuring the deflection of pillars on a micropillar array generated by control and MYBPC3 knockdown hPS-CM during contraction. In conclusion, we successfully developed a human in vitro model for cardiac MYBPC3 haploinsufficiency in combination with state of the art biophysical and imaging techniques, which will allow us to comprehend the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of HCM.


GaN∕AlxGa1−xN superlattices (SLs) with different period thicknesses tp were grown as interlayers between GaN and AlyGa1−yN epilayers. The effect of threading dislocations (TDs) blocking became more evident with increasing tp. Transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that TDs are inclined to be bended in SLs and terminated in GaN wells as a result of strain. X-ray diffraction measurement also validated that GaN wells played a more important role as a TDs filter. The blocking of TDs in SLs resulted in an abnormal decrease in relaxation factors R(SLs) with increasing tp.


This paper proposes anytime feasible networked dynamics to solve resource allocation problems over time-varying multi-agent networks. The state of agents represents the assigned resources while their total (equal to demand) is constant. The idea is to optimally allocate the resources among the group of agents by minimizing the overall cost subject to fixed sum of resources. Each agent's information is local and restricted to its own state, cost function, and the ones from its immediate neighbors. This work provides a fast convergent solution (compared to linear dynamics) while considering more-relaxed uniform network connectivity and (logarithmic) quantized communications among agents. The proposed dynamics reaches optimal solution over switching (sparsely-connected) undirected networks as far as their union over some bounded non-overlapping time-intervals has a spanning tree. Moreover, we prove anytime-feasibility of the solution, uniqueness, and convergence to the optimal value irrespective of the specific nonlinearity in the proposed dynamics. Such general proof analysis applies to many similar 1st-order allocation dynamics subject to strongly sign-preserving nonlinearities, e.g., actuator saturation in generator coordination. Further, anytime feasibility (despite the nonlinearities) ensures that our solution satisfies the fixed-sum resources constraint at all times.


Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) is a Gram-negative and obligate intracellular bacterium that causes Query fever (Q fever). The aim of the present study was to detect C. burnetii in beef cattle from Ampel slaughterhouse at Boyolali Regency, Middle Java, Indonesia. Spleen, heart, liver, lung, and kidney samples were collected from 100 cattle and used for Nested-PCR (nPCR) with four types of primers (OMP1, OMP2, OMP3, and OMP4). Five stages of pooling extraction were performed on 100 individual samples. The nPCR amplified a 437 bp DNA fragment from the fifth pool on the sampled heart, lung, and spleen. Furthermore, 10 individual samples from the fifth pool were re-tested by nPCR to find out the number of positive individual samples. Of 10 samples, the obtained result indicated the presence of C. burnetii DNA in 7 samples, 6 from Simmental cattle and 1 from Ongole cattle. Therefore, it can be strongly suspected that there are 7 out of 100 local breed beef cattle positive of Q fever at Boyolali Regency, Middle Java, Indonesia.


Purpose – Revenue management has grown in popularity and is now a widely accepted discipline that has brought about significant improvements to businesses worldwide. With globalisation in recent times, there is now space for international hotels, fast food restaurants, automobile companies and other brands to offer their products in India. Educating people who are going to be part of such a process is a huge challenge. The aim of this paper is to present some of the challenges businesses and communities have to overcome.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses secondary sources to explore possible approaches to rapidly stimulate the uptake of revenue management through partnerships between hospitality and tourism businesses.Findings – A growing middle class population and access to better education presents an opportunity to build a wider range of profitable services. Global brands with already established revenue management practices are in a position to share skills and knowledge with new and smalle...


Dental traumatic injuries are the most uninvited emergencies causing panic, emotional, aesthetic, functional and psychological disturbances. Avulsion being the most common injury, it deals with exarticulation or total luxation of the tooth out of its socket as a result of sports injuries or fights. While in-vitro studies have shown that teeth can be kept in conditioned media for up to 96 hours and still present optimal healing, clinically emphasis on the extra-oral time and viability of the PDL cells decide the prognosis for the avulsed tooth. Transport or storage media for the tooth is of critical importance for survival of these PDL cells for successful replantation. This article highlights the different storage media available for an avulsed tooth and the most suitable ones to be used depending on their ease of availability for the general population.


History is often written by men with little thought to the perspectives of women, particularly in patriarchal societies. Consequently female narratives about war, notions of nationhood, the state, identity and marginalization may be absent from the historical record. The absence of women's voices has meant that there is an inability to define their needs and to provide the appropriate assistance. Silence also denies women a public voice and reduces their ability to contribute to discussion about conflict. This thesis uses the recent conflict in Sudan as a model to illustrate the unique insights of women in historical reportage. Specifically, the oral narrative of South Sudanese women is used to document the perspectives, challenges, and insights of women concerning war and displacement. The oral narrative approach was selected because it provides a significant process to gather knowledge about people's lives and worldview, and is a powerful tool for the reclamations of women's voices in history and literature. By collecting and recording black African women's war and refuge narratives, this research will contribute to increased understanding of issues of war and gender, not only in Sudan but also on an international level. These narratives will bring to light experiences specific to women of the Sudan but also illuminate similar experiences shared by women living and working in conflict zones. Finally, by comparing historical accounts with and without the female perspective, the study will help quantify how male bias in historical reporting may influence our perception of past events and development of society. Students Expanding Knowledge & Creativity 19 Author(s): Sarah Stubbe Title: Whose Score is it Anyway? Improvisation in the early 18th Century


Two oscillator models with abrupt nonlinearities in their damping stabilization terms are suggested and considered. The abrupt nonlinearities investigated are those of half-wave rectification. Certain practical implications of the models are discussed, among them the possibility of stabilizing an oscillator waveform at only one half of its waveform while leaving it free running at the other half.


Abstract A direct method for the quantitative determination of total serum cholesterol is described. The procedure consists of adding a reagent containing sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and ferric chloride to a 0.1 ml. sample of serum. The sensitivity achieved is several times that of current procedures and the time required for a single determination is in the order of minutes. Precision and reproducibility are demonstrated as well as the absorption characteristics of the purple color produced through the spectral range of 400 to 700 mμ. Finally, the method is compared with samples in which total cholesterol is determined by the Kingsley-Schaffert and Schoenheimer-Sperry procedures.


Background: High-dose cytarabine (HD-AraC) is a promising therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, it causes substantial toxicity, such as severe cytopenia and cytarabine-encephalopathy. The efficacy of HD-AraC for the treatment of core-binding-factor (CBF) AML has been well established; however, whether or not HD-AraC is suitable for the treatment of non-CBF AML is unclear. Moreover, it remains controversial whether HD-AraC is effective before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for the treatment of non-CBF AML. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of HD-AraC in terms of optimal numbers of HD-AraC cycles required to treat non-CBF AML patients who did and did not receive allo-HSCT. Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of consecutive AML patients who were aged 15-70 years, treated in our hospital and diagnosed between Jan. 2000 and Apr. 2014. Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and CBF AML were excluded. Only patients who achieved complete remission (CR) and received post-remission therapies with a curative intent were included; namely, only those who received allo-HSCT or completed more than one cycle of consolidation chemotherapy. Patients who exclusively received azacytidine-based or low-dose AraC-based therapies were excluded. HD-AraC therapy was defined as a chemotherapeutic regimen utilizing 12 g/m2/cycle or more of AraC. Patients who were not suitable for HD-AraC because of comorbidities were also excluded. Overall survival (OS) was separately analyzed in patients who underwent allo-HSCT in the 1st CR (group A) and in those who did not (group B). The unadjusted probabilities of OS were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate analysis was done using the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed with Cox proportional hazard regression models, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. In multivariate analysis, the number of cycles of HD-AraC, age, cytogenetic data, and whether or not the patient achieved CR after the 1st cycle of chemotherapy were used as covariates. In group A, donor source and conditioning were also considered as covariates. Results: A total of 166 non-APL, non-CBF AML patients were identified. Seventy-one patients were excluded for the following reasons: 50 did not achieve CR, 13 underwent incomplete consolidation therapies because of complications or early relapse, 7 had missing data, and 1 had chronic renal disease. For HD-AraC, toxicity was not a consideration for the discontinuation of treatment, but the dose of AraC was reduced to an intermediate dose (AraC 2 cycles of HD-AraC were 50.6%, 85.7%, 75.0%, and 68.6% (n=22, 9, 8, 11) in group A, and 44.3%, 16.0%, 65.6%, and 50.0% (n=19, 10, 10, 6) in group B, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that patients in group A who received one or more cycles of HD-AraC had a longer 3y-OS (75.4% vs 50.6%, p=0.024) (figure 1), whereas patients in group B who received two or more cycles of HD-AraC had a longer 3y-OS (57.1% vs 36.2%, p=0.078) (figure 2). Multivariate analysis of patients in group A showed that one or more cycles of HD-AraC resulted in a survival benefit (Hazard ratio=0.26, 95%CI: 0.070-0.98, p=0.046), whereas multivariate analysis of patients in group B showed that two or more cycles of HD-AraC (Hazard ratio=0.36, 95%CI: 0.13-0.97, p=0.044) and intermediate-risk of cytogenetics resulted in a survival benefit. Conclusion: For consolidation chemotherapy, at least one cycle of HD-AraC is recommended for patients who plan to receive allo-HSCT, and at least two cycles is required for other patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The ECI introduces a new form of public participation within the EU's multi-level politics framework. The legal basis of the ECI is set out in Article 11, Paragraph 4 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and Article 24, paragraph 1 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). According to Article 11 of the TEU,"not less than one million citizens who are nationals of a significant number of member states may take the initiative of inviting the European Commission, within the framework of its powers, to submit any appropriate proposal on matters where citizens consider that a legal act of the Union is required for the purpose of implementing the treaties". It is disputed, however, if the Lisbon Treaty provides for a citizens' initiative to demand a revision of the EU Treaties themselves. As it falls well within the Commission's powers to trigger a treaty amendment, it is unlikely that ECIs are put on the same footing in that respect.


The utility model provides a portable rotating self-locking type quick-disassembly lock catch device. The portable rotating self-locking type quick-disassembly lock catch device comprises a first fixing piece and a second fixing piece. The first fixing piece is provided with an embedded groove. The side wall of the embedded groove is provided with a protrusion portion. An embedded clamping groove and a locking groove are formed in the protrusion portion. The embedded clamping groove is located on one side of the protrusion portion and the locking groove is located on the other side of the protrusion portion. The second fixing piece is connected with an elastic locking mechanism. The second fixing piece is provided with a fixing clamp. The elastic locking mechanism comprises a spring and a locking portion connected with the spring. The fixing clamp is matched with the embedded clamping groove. The locking portion is matched with the locking groove. The portable rotating self-locking type quick-disassembly lock catch device has the advantages that through matching between the fixing clamp and the embedded clamping groove and the matching between the locking portion and the locking groove, rapid rotating connection is achieved between the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece, and the portable rotating self-locking type quick-disassembly lock catch device is portable and convenient to assemble and disassemble.


An audio-only mode system for video streaming platforms allows a user to stream only audio playback from a video stream. The system detects a selection of an audio-only mode for a video playback. The system then provides an audio stream associated with the video playback in response to the detection of the selection of audio-only mode. This reduces data consumption, which in turn reduces data congestion and improves battery longevity. PROBLEM STATEMENT At times, a user is interested in only listening to the audio content of a video rather than watching the video. For example, the user might be interested in listening to a song from a music video or a popular discussion on a user's favorite channel and not interesting in viewing the video. Because video streaming is a data-intensive process, a user may exhaust the data plan on a smartphone by streaming video content even when the user is only interested in the audio content from the video. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The system and techniques described in this disclosure relate to an audio-only mode for video streaming services. The system enables the user to stream only the audio playback for a video stream which provides an opportunity reduce the usage of a mobile wireless data plan. The system can be implemented for use in an Internet, an intranet, or another client and server environment. The client device can be any audio-enabled electronic device such as a mobile device, a smartphone, a tablet, a handheld electronic device, a wearable device, etc. 2 Gan: AUDIO-ONLY MODE FOR VIDEO STREAMING SERVICES Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2016 Fig. 1 illustrates an example method 100 to provide an audio stream associated with a video when an audio-only mode for the video playback is selected. As a default setting, a video streaming service enables a video player to buffer the video stream that also includes audio content, from a server, for playback. The system detects 102 a selection of audio-only mode for the video playback. The audio-only mode can be provided as a selectable option in the video player interface. Alternatively, or additionally, the audio-only mode can be provided as a slider/toggle virtual button or a similar UI button on the media player interface of the video streaming service. The system provides 104 the audio stream associated with the video playback in response to detection of the selection of the audio-only mode. The system buffers only the audio stream from the server providing the video playback. On enabling the audio-only mode, the media player window of the video player interface may freeze to the last presented instance of the video when the audio-only mode was switched on by the user and continue to play the audio stream although the video stream will no longer be updated. Alternatively, or additionally, upon enabling the audio-only mode, the media player window may turn blank. In another embodiment, the audio-only mode may allow the user to turn off the display or even switch to another application while maintaining playback of the video's audio content. Because the audio-only mode streams only the audio playback from the server, the system enables a user to listen to the audio content from a desired video as well as reduce usage of the data plan on the user's mobile device. Further, the media hosting websites and servers may allow content creators to upload audio files for diversifying the content types hosted by the content server. In case of audio files, the audio-only mode may be launched by default for playing a selected audio file by the user. 3 Defensive Publications Series, Art. 95 [2016] http://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/95 Figure 2 illustrates an example video player interface 200 with audio-only mode option. The video player interface 200 can be implemented in a web browser environment or in a mobile application. The video player interface 200 includes a media viewing window 202 which displays the video stream downloaded from one or more servers during a video playback. The video player interface 200 also generally includes a progress bar 204, progress indicator 206, and corresponding video playback controls 208. Additionally, the video player interface 200 includes an "Audio Only" button 210, which when selected by the user enables only audio content associated with the video playback to be buffered and played on the video player interface. On selection of "Audio Only" button 210 by the user, the media player window 202 freezes the video to the time when the audio-only selection was made by the user and streams only the audio from the server, thus optimizing the user's mobile data plan usage. Alternatively, or additionally, the media player window 202 may turn blank. In another embodiment, the user may be able to configure the behavior of mobile device when playing a video in audio-only mode, e.g., continue to play the audio stream associated with the video playback when the display is turned off in order to reduce battery consumption by the user's device. Fig. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary environment that shows components of a system for implementing the techniques described in this disclosure. The environment includes client devices 310, servers 330, and network 340. Network 340 connects client devices 310 to servers 330. Client device 310 is an electronic device. Client device 310 may be capable of requesting and receiving data/communications over network 340. Example client devices 310 are personal computers (e.g., laptops), mobile communication devices, (e.g. smartphones, tablet computing devices), set-top boxes, game-consoles, embedded systems. Client device 310 may execute an application, such as a web browser 312 or 314 or a native application 316. Web 4 Gan: AUDIO-ONLY MODE FOR VIDEO STREAMING SERVICES Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2016 applications 313 and 315 may be displayed via a web browser 312 or 314. Server 330 may be a web server capable of sending, receiving and storing video files 332. Video file(s) 332 may be stored on or accessible via server 330. Video file(s) 332 may be associated with web application 313 or 315 and accessed using a web browser, e.g., 312, or may be accessed using a software application 316. When accessed, video(s) 332 may be transmitted and displayed on a client device, e.g., 310, either as an audiovisual stream or as an audio-only stream. Resources 318 and 318' are resources available to the client device 310 and/or applications thereon, or server(s) 330 and/or video(s) accessible therefrom, respectively. Resources 318' may be, for example, memory or storage resources; a text, image, video, audio, JavaScript, CSS, or other file or object; or other relevant resources. Network 340 may be any network or combination of networks that can carry data communication. The subject matter described herein can be implemented in software and/or hardware (for example, computers, circuits, or processors). The subject matter can be implemented on a single device or across multiple devices (for example, a client device and a server device). Devices implementing the subject matter can be connected through a wired and/or wireless network. Such devices can receive inputs from a user (for example, from a mouse, keyboard, or touchscreen) and produce an output to a user (for example, through a display and/or a speaker). Specific examples disclosed are provided for illustrative purposes and do not limit the scope of the disclosure. 5 Defensive Publications Series, Art. 95 [2016] http://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/95


Objective: Distress tolerance has been identified as an emerging risk factor for the understanding psychopathology of both mood disorders and cigarette smoking. The objective of this current study is to identify distress tolerance associated with mood disorders and short-term quit outcome among homogenous group of clinic attendees. Methods: 67 smokers were interviewed face-to-face on the first visit and were subsequently followed up four weeks after their quit date. The 15-item Distress Tolerance Scale and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview were administered at baseline to assess (i) Distress Tolerance, (ii) General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (iii) Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and (iv) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Respondents' sociodemographic characteristics, nicotine dependence as well as breathing carbon monoxide were also assessed at the baseline. Results: At 4-weeks follow-up, 37.3% (n=25) reported of having been continuously abstinent and 23.8% (n=16) of quitters were among the low distress tolerance group. Nearly a quarter (23.8%, n=16) of the smokers reported of having at least one mood disorder, with current depression as the most common complaint. Mood disorders were reported with the highest frequency among the low distress tolerance group; apart from GAD (9%, n=6), MDE (23.8%, n=16) and PTSD (1.5%, n=1). Conclusion: The findings of this current study suggest that smokers with lower distress tolerance were more likely to have comorbid mood disorders but distress tolerance was not associated with short-term quit outcome. Please click PDF below to download the full paper...


The purpose of this Article is to contribute to formulating a judicial policy that balances justice and fairness towards persons affected by the regulations, on the one hand, and administrative efficiency, on the other. THE RIGHT TO BE HEARD IN RULE MAKING PROCEEDINGS IN ENGLAND AND IN ISRAEL: JUDICIAL POLICY RECONSIDERED


Abstract An equimolar mixture of poly(L-lactide) and poly(D-lactide) was crystallized into a stereocomplex whose crystal system is triclinic (P1) with cell dimensions: a = 0.916 nm, b = 0.916 nra, c (chain axis) = 0.870 nm, α = 109.2°, β - 109.2°, and γ = 109.8°. In the unit cell, a poly(L-lactide) segment and a poly (D-lactide) segment are contained as a pair and packed laterally in parallel fashion. The L- and D-poly(lactides) in the complex take a 31 helical conformation, which is a little extended from a 103 helix in the homopolymer crystal with the α-form. Homopolymers are also able to take the 31 helical conformation and form the β-form crystal. The 31 helix in the homopolymer crystal is less stable than the 103 one, and hence the β-form is easily transformed to the α-form by annealing.


Objective: To determine the clinical efficacy and safety of combination therapy of Mizolastine and bacilli Calmette Guerin polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction(BCG-PSN) in the treatment of chronic eczema.Methods: 272 cases of chronic eczema were divided into treatment group(n=154) and control group(n=118) randomly.Combination therapy of Mizolastine and BCG-PSN was performed in the treatment group,while control group was treated with Mizolastine only.Results: The cure rate and effective power in the treatment groups of chronic eczema was 47.40% and 92.21%,with a significant increase compared to the control group.No obvious adverse effect and an obvious decrease of recurrence rate were observed in the combination therapy group.Conclusions: Combination therapy of Mizolastine and BCG-PSN has an obvious therapeutic effectiveness and is safe in the treatment of chronic eczema.


A blind adaptive multiuser detector based on a hybrid of subspace estimation and Kalman filtering is proposed. It is shown that the detector can be expressed as the sum of an anchored signal in the signal subspace and an adaptive part using the signature waveform of the desired user. The coefficients of the adaptive part can be estimated by the Kalman filtering. The resulting subspace-based Kalman filtering algorithm brings the benefit of lower computational complexity and superior convergence performance than the full-rank approach.


"The certainty and uncertainty of a statement is always negotiated as part of a wider knowledge distributed in the communication environment" (p. 241). Zuczkowski, Bongelli, Riccioni, and Canestrari's (2014) Communicating Certainty and Uncertainty in Medical, Supportive and Scientific Contexts aims to illuminate this process. This collection of manuscripts, focusing on oral and written information exchanges and the communicative behaviors that follow, explores (un)certainty and its effects in various contexts and cultures. From a linguistic perspective, the text considers the structure, form, meaning, and circumstances of (un)certainty conveyed in informative messages and analyzes precise language cues to uncover the ways (un)certainty is communicated. Whether in a gynecologist's office, during an emergency phone call, or on the pages of medical journals, the (un)certainty expressed during information provision is central in guiding communicators' subsequent behaviors. The majority of chapters in the volume were initially presented as individual papers at The Communication of Certainty and Uncertainty: Linguistic, Psychological, Philosophical Aspects conference in 2012. Each chapter works to achieve the editors' overall goal of exploring degrees of (un)certainty articulated during communicative processes. As readers transition from doctor-patient interactions to scientific writing contexts, each chapter neatly builds on the next, culminating in a deeper understanding of linguistic approaches to studying the ways differing degrees of (un) certainty manifest in communicative interactions. Zuczkowski, Bongelli, Riccioni, and Canestrari (2014) organize the early sections of the text to lay a conceptual and theoretical foundation for linguistic (un)certainty. Section 1, by addressing the development of theoretical models used in investigations, grounds readers in traditional understandings of elements linked to linguistic (un)certainty such as subjectivity, verbiage, sentence structure, and knowing versus believing. Because this section establishes important components of linguistic (un)certainty, it is likely most useful for an audience interested in linguistic theory and philosophy. Chapter 1 (modality) describes and distinguishes between different ways speakers affect evaluations expressed in messages. It also introduces (inter)subjectivity, or the existence of common ground among communicators, as an additional way to conceptualize (un)certainty expression along with more traditional modalities such as subjectivity and objectivity. Chapter 2 (assertiveness) extends the ideas of Chapter 1 to explain that communicating assertively is closely linked to conveying different degrees of (un) certainty. For example, when speakers emphasize their own subjective stance rather than stating claims as objective, uncertainty was found to increase. Chapters 3–6 (i.e., interpretation, hedging, meaning-making, and epistemology) continue to shape readers' understanding of linguistic (un) certainty by emphasizing knowledge gaps between communicators and highlighting sentence structure as a means to examine (un)certainty. The models and concepts presented in these chapters are used and expanded throughout the text. Healthcare providers and health communication scholars who are not specifically interested in linguistics may find Section 2 more relevant for their practice or research purposes. Section 2 extends this theoretical groundwork with empirical applications of linguistic models to naturallyoccurring conversations. Building upon concepts explicated in Section 1, the second section presents studies on (un) certainty in various supportive contexts including emergency calls (Chapter 7), obstetrics-gynecological visits (Chapter 8), breaking bad news to medical patients (Chapter 9), addiction treatment groups (Chapter 10), and migrant-governmental agent interactions (Chapter 11). Each of these studies relies on conversational analysis to examine elements of (un)certainty in naturally-occurring interactions. Along with healthcare providers and health communication scholars, those interested in conversation analysis should find Section 2 useful. For scholars with interests in clinical communication, Section 2 presents some particularly interesting studies and results. For instance, Chapter 8 sets out to explore advicegiving sequences between doctors and patients, focusing on doctors' communicative and linguistic displays of (un)certainty during the advice-giving process. Conversation analyses indicate that doctors ask their patients questions about their lifestyles and habits to substantiate future advice-giving, which is offered in multiple rounds, each varying in degree of (un) certainty. Interestingly, this study suggests that doctors' final round of advice only slightly resembles content presented during prior advice-giving rounds in that throughout the advicegiving process, doctors' messages become less certain. Doctors' final advice often avoids direct or required instruction and tends more toward recommendations for patients. Continuing to explore doctor-patient interactions, Chapter 9 asks the question: How do doctors buffer language when breaking bad news to patients? The authors found that based on doctors' own distress levels, they employ different strategies to indirectly break bad news and shield patients from the seriousness of the news. Findings also suggest that as the severity of the diagnosis increases, doctors avoid direct discussion of the bad news. These results indicate that managing doctor distress and teaching doctors to communicate HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2017, VOL. 32, NO. 2, 259–260 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1157910


Objective To explore the virulent mechanism of lipopolysaccharide coming from bacteroides fragilis on cultured human ecpidermal cell and it's function in the infection.Methods Cultured human ecpidermal cell and added lipopolysaccharide into culture medium,studied the changes of LDH quantity in medium and cells' proliferation.Their correlations were analyzed.Results The LDH quantity in medium increased and the cells'proliferation slowed after cells induced by LPS from coliform,but they are not changed after induced by LPS from bacteroides fragilis.Conclusion lipopolysaccharide of bacteroides fragilis can't inhibit ecpidermal cell alone.The LPS is not an important pathogenic factor of bactroides fragilis.


Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) is one of the key issues to boost the performance of future generation processors. Data dependences may become one of the main bottlenecks that limit the performance of such future architectures due to the serialization that they introduce in the execution of programs. Data value speculation is a novel mechanism that may avoid such serialization by predicting the values that flow among dependent instructions. This work presents a study of the limits of the performance potential of data value speculation to boost ILP. Both realistic and probabilistic value predictors are considered in this paper. The interaction with some other critical features of the microarchitecture is researched: instruction window size, branch prediction accuracy and instruction latency. Results show that data value speculation has a significant potential to boost ILP. However, for a relatively small instruction window, like the one that can currently be built with the best branch predictors, the achieved speedup is moderate. The speedup provided by data value speculation is also dependent on the criticality of the correctly predicted instructions. Finally, it is shown that the speedup that data value speculation may achieve in superscalar processors, in the way that it has been used so far, can be approximated by a linear function of the prediction accuracy.


Introduction. Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in the development of vascular inflammation and hemostasis. The aim. We hypothesized that GSH-dependent antioxidant defense system may be affected in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), causing exacerbation of inflammation and activation of intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis (AIVCF). Methods. The study involved 63 patients with PNH and 75 healthy people. The concentration of GSH and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) have been determined in the erythrocytes. Results. We have demonstrated the inhibition of glutathione metabolism and signs of OS, expressed in a significant reduction in levels of GSH and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes GP, GR and SOD in erythrocytes when compared PNH patients with healthy people. Spearman's test showed significant positive correlation between the activity of GR and GP (R = 0.376; p<0.01) in red blood cells, as well as a weak negative correlation (R = -0.338; p<0.05) between GP activity in erythrocytes and the concentration of D-dimer in the blood plasma in patients with PNH. A positive (R = 0.626; p<0.001) correlation was found between GSH in erythrocytes and plasma concentrations of CRP at CRP concentration values in the range of reference interval. Conclusion. The results are consistent with previously published data on disorders of glutathione metabolism in PNH. The indicators GSH and GP in erythrocytes can be considered as potential markers of AIVCF and vascular inflammation in PNH.


This study aims to find out whether the use of Think Pair Share technique can improve students' speaking skill. This research was conducted at the second grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Simpang Ulim, Aceh Timur, Indonesia. The method of this study was quantitative research (experimental study) with one group pre-test and post test design. The sample of this research was one class at XI MIPA 1 which consists of 20 students. The researcher used an oral test about giving opinion (analytical exposition text) as an instrument in collecting the data. In analyzing the data, the researcher used statistical formula. The calculation result showed that the mean score of students pre-test was 33.75 and the mean score of post-test was 55. Furthermore, the t-score was 8.23 and t-table was 2.093. Thus, the t-score was higher than t-table. It means that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. In this case, applying Think Pair Share technique in learning English Foreign Language had a positive impact for the students to improve speaking skill.


In conventional solid-state photovoltaics, electron–hole pairs are created by light absorption in a semiconductor and separated by the electric field spaning a micrometre-thick depletion region. The maximum voltage these devices can produce is equal to the semiconductor electronic bandgap. Here, we report the discovery of a fundamentally different mechanism for photovoltaic charge separation, which operates over a distance of 1–2 nm and produces voltages that are significantly higher than the bandgap. The separation happens at previously unobserved nanoscale steps of the electrostatic potential that naturally occur at ferroelectric domain walls in the complex oxide BiFeO 3 . Electric-field control over domain structure allows the photovoltaic effect to be reversed in polarity or turned off. This new degree of control, and the high voltages produced, may find application in optoelectronic devices.


Five ruminally and duodenally cannulated steers (491 ± 21 kg BW) were used in an incomplete 5 × 4 Latin square with four 24-d periods to determine the influence of supplemental nonprotein N (NPN) source and supplementation frequency (SF) on the dynamics of ruminal fermentation in steers consuming low-quality grass straw (4% CP). Treatments (TRT) included an unsupplemented control (CON) and a urea or biuret supplement that were placed directly into the rumen at 0700 daily (D) or every other day (2D). The NPN treatments were formulated to provide 90% of the estimated degradable intake protein requirement; therefore, the urea and biuret treatments received the same amount of supplemental N over a 2-d period. Daily TRT were supplemented with CP at 0.04% of BW/d, whereas the 2D TRT were supplemented at 0.08% of BW every other day. Forage was provided at 120% of the previous 5-d average intake in two equal portions at 0715 and 1900. Ruminal fluid was collected 0, 3, 6,


We consider circle bundles over symplectic manifolds to study Gromov–Witten type invariants. We investigate the moduli space of pseudo-coholomorphic maps, Gromov–Witten type invariant, the quantum type cohomology of the total space which has a natural contact structure. We then compare Gromov–Witten invariant, and quantum cohomology of the base space with the one of the total space, and derive some relations between them.


2543 Background: ACC is a rare tumor optimally treated surgically. ACC expresses high levels of Pgp. We added TQD to a regimen of daily oral mitotane with infusional doxorubicin, vincristine, and etoposide (MAVE) to assess the efficacy of Pgp inhibition in mACC and whether the MAVE regimen could be improved. Methods: 46 pts with mACC received daily mitotane (mean 3.99 g/day) and 96-hour infusional doxorubicin (8 mg/m2/day), etoposide (60 mg/m2/day), and vincristine (0.24 mg/m2/day). Six pts underwent surgery after achieving best chemotherapy response. 99mTc-sestamibi scans obtained before and after TQD administration and rhodamine efflux from CD56+ mononuclear cells were used to assess Pgp inhibition. Results: 46 pts were enrolled and 44 are evaluable for response and toxicity. 54% had functional tumors. A total of 210 cycles were administered. The response rate was 8.7% with a median shrinkage of 13% in the 14% of pts with measurable shrinkage. Two pts have ongoing CRs over 3 years. Two pts had PR with m...


Magnetron sputtering has been used to deposit thin films of Y2O3: Eu, which achieve a cathodoluminescent efficiency of 2 lm/W when activated, while retaining a high-resolution capability of ∼250 line pairs/mm and good optical transparency. A wide-band antireflection/high-absorption coating using silicon-oxygen material of varying composition has also been developed for use with these phosphor screens for contrast enhancement. A comparison of the performances of these thin-film screens with conventional settled screens is given.


THIS is a case report of a uterus ruptured during delivery of a' foetus with a grossly distended abdomen, due to polycystic disease of the kidneys and liver. Foetal polycystic disease is mentioned in obstetrical textbooks as a cause of traumatic rupture of the uterus during delivery. A search of the world literature back to 1940 has failed to reveal a report of any such case, and this may well be the first report of its kind. There have been few reports of uterine rupture due to foetal malformations of any kind (Rovinsky, 1956; Birkam et al., 1957; Erving, 1957).


Methods of preparing CPT-esters are described. The methods include using at least one acid in the esterificatiop reactions or acylation reactions of camptothecins.


This paper presents a sufficient condition for observability of switched systems that involve state jumps and comprise nonlinear dynamical subsystems affine in control. Without assuming observability of individual modes, the sufficient condition is based on gathering partial information from each mode so that the state is recovered completely after some time. Using this result, an observer is designed which employs a novel 'back-and-forth' technique to generate state estimates. Under the assumption of persistent switching, analysis shows that the estimate converges asymptotically to the actual state of the system.


Abstract : This paper describes aspects of the semantic component of the speech understanding system currently being developed jointly by SRI and SDC. The semantic component consists of two major parts: a semantic network coding a model of the task domain and a battery of semantic composition routines (SCRs) that are coordinated with the language definition (i.e., the "grammar" for the speech understanding system). This paper concentrates exclusively on the interplay between these two major parts during parsing. However, the semantic component also plays important roles in knowledge management, discourse analysis, prediction, and question answering. The semantic component of the speech understanding system discussed here rules out phrase combinations that are not meaningful and produces semantic interpretations for combinations that are. The system consists of a semantic network model and routines that interact with it. The net is partitioned into a set of hierarchically ordered subnets, facilitating the encoding of higher-order predicates and the maintenance of multiple parsing hypotheses. Outputs from these routines are network fragments consisting of several subnets that in aggregate capture the interrelationships between a phrase's syntax and semantics.


Activated carbon (AC) is used in many applications because it has many strengths such as high adsorption ability, inexpensive, and not hazardous. The use of agricultural waste in AC production has become a popular topic in recent years. One of the waste materials that can be utilized is coffee wastes. Indonesian have a high rate of coffee consumption which results in a high number of wastes. In general, the AC generation was done by three main steps; carbonization at 400 C, chemical activation using KOH and physical activation using CO2 with a 100 ml/minute flow rate. The obtained results showed that AC has the highest iodine number of 443.58 mg/g and a surface area of 399.05 m2/g. The SEM results indicated the pore had formed on the carbon surface. The carbon mass percentage was known at 67.5% from the EDX test. These results showed that coffee waste can be used as an alternative raw material and can be used for several needs.


In this paper we report the energy spectra of single electrons confined in a single InAs quantum dot, and single holes confined in a single GaSb quantum dot. These quantum dots are fabricated by laterally reducing the diameter of resonant tunneling (or resonant interband tunneling) diodes. The dc current‐voltage characteristics at 4.2K is taken by a cryogenic scanning probe, that during measurement is in direct physical contact with the top electrode.