The present study is focused on the acetalization of glycerol with n-butyraldehyde over a solid superacid catalyst SO4 /ZrO2 in order to obtain a glycerol oxygenated compound, which was tested as diesel fuel additive/component. The quality parameters studied were: density, viscosity, pour point and flash point. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the surface acidity was measured by thermogravimetric analysis of adsorbed n-butylamine. The experimental results shows the maximum yield in glycerol n-butyraldehyde acetal of 96.50 % was reached at molar ratio aldehyde to glycerol 1.1:1, mass ratio of the catalyst 3 wt. % with respect to glycerol, reaction time 2.0 h. Synthesized oxygenated compound was analyzed by GC–MS/MS.


Various features of the evolution of a few antimalarial drugs including amodiaquine, dihydrofolate-reductase inhibitors, and artemisinin are described. The mechanism of action of artemisinin is detailed to explain the information of the main metabolites and drug design of certain compounds. Structure-activity and structure-neurotoxicity relations are reported. A few examples of cyclic peroxycetal synthesis are given. Finally, trends in new and novel compounds are presented.


Wind velocity and slope are two critical variables that affect wildland fire rate of spread. The effects of these variables on rate of spread are often combined in rate-of-spread models using vector addition. The various methods used to combine wind and slope effects have seldom been validated or compared due to differences in the models or to lack of data. In this study, rate-of-spread predictions from the Canadian Fire Behavior Prediction (FBP) system, McArthur's Mark V forest fire danger meter, the Rothermel empirical model, and the Pagni and Peterson physical model were compared with spread rates observed in a designed laboratory experiment in which wind velocity and slope were varied. Methods of combining wind and slope developed by Albini, McAlpine, and Rothermel were applied to two forms of Rothermel's model. Rothermel's model (original and modified) coupled with Albini's method and Pagni's model predictions closely reproduced the observed shape of the rateof-spread response to wind and slope. Rothermel's method and McAlpine's method worked well in all cases except in upslope spread with opposed flow. However, Rothermel's model failed to predict a nonzero rate of spread in fuel beds with moisture contents of 35%. Possible causes of overprediction by McArthur's model and the FBP model included: (1) application of equations derived from full-scale fires to laboratory-scale fires, (2) improper selection of fuel type to represent artificial fuel beds, and (3) inaccurate estimation of wind velocity 10 m above the vegetation surface using a logarithmic profile. FOR. SCI. 43(2):170-180.


Abstract Virtually inert sulfur hexafluoride becomes a precious pentafluorosulfanylation agent, if properly activated by photoredox catalysis, to access α‐fluoro and α‐alkoxy SF5‐compounds. This advanced protocol converts SF6 in the presence of alkynols as bifunctional C−C‐ and C−O‐bond forming reagents directly into pentafluorosulfanylated oxygen‐containing heterocycles in a single step from α‐substituted alkenes. The proposed mechanism is supported by theoretical calculations and gives insights not only in the pentafluorosulfanylation step but also into formation of the carbon‐carbon bond and is in full agreement with Baldwin's cyclization rules. The key step is a radical type 5‐, 6‐ respectively 7‐exo‐dig‐cyclization. The synthesized oxaheterocycles cannot be simply prepared by other synthetic methods, show a high level of structural complexity and significantly expand the scope of pentafluorosulfanylated building blocks valuable for medicinal and material chemistry.


Strong correlation between high frequency microturbulence and low frequency geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) has been observed in the edge plasmas of the HL-2A tokamak, suggesting possible GAM generation via three wave coupling with turbulence, which is in turn modulated by the GAM. In this work, we use the gyrokinetic toroidal code to study the linear and nonlinear development of the drift instabilities, as well as the generation of the GAM (and low frequency zonal flows) and its interaction with the turbulence for realistic parameters in the edge plasmas of the HL-2A tokamak for the first time. The simulation results indicate that the unstable drift wave drives strong turbulence in the edge plasma of HL-2A. In addition, the generation of the GAM and its interaction with the turbulence are all observed in the nonlinear simulation. The simulation results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental observations.


This thesis based on the status of our scientific and technological progress to promote the new rural construction,from the connotation about the technological progress and the new rural construction,relying on the modern statistical theory,guiding on the related theory of scientific and technological progress,established the index system of scientific and technological progress promoting the new rural construction,and explored the strategies and development model of science and technology promoting new rural construction,which would play an active role in guiding to the assessment and management on the new rural construction.


A novel and effective method for the design of maximum directivity irregular phased arrays is proposed in this article. By decomposing the radiation pattern of irregular arrays (IAs) into the product of subarray pattern and subarray array factor, the principal factor for the reduction of directivity and the appearance of high sidelobes is analyzed. Aimed at maximizing directivity of IAs, a binary quadratic optimization problem (BQOP) is established for the design of subarray tiling configuration, where the directivities at considered scanning angles satisfying given peak sidelobes level (SLL) is maximized. To consider the directivities at all the scanning angles within given scan ranges, a concept of "generalized directivity" is introduced and defined. Meanwhile, it is known that high directivity usually enables to suppress high SLL to a great extent. Therefore, the BQOP is reduced to a simplified binary quadratic problem (SBQP) for the maximization of the "generalized directivity" without the high-dimensional constraint on SLL. The associated complex excitations at subarray level are solved using convex optimization after the subarray tiling configuration is determined. By comparing to the reported state-of-the-art methods, several representative numerical examples are implemented to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method.


A dual‐wavelength Erbium‐doped fiber laser (EDFL) is demonstrated using a 1.5‐m long EDF with a microfiber knot resonator (MKR) structure at the output end. The MKR is fabricated by heating and stretching a 3‐cm long piece of EDF to form a microfiber, which is then manipulated to create a knot. The performance of the EDFL is investigated for two different MKR loop diameters. At a loop diameter of 4 mm, dual‐wavelength laser is obtained at 1532.4 and 1556.0 nm with peak powers of −7.5 and −7.1 dBm and the corresponding optical signal‐to‐noise ratios of 22 and 32 dB, respectively. As the MKR diameter is reduced to 2 mm, the operating wavelength of laser shifts to a shorter wavelength, especially for the second lasing with a significant drop in output power due to the bending loss, which is more pronounced at smaller loop diameter. The slope efficiency of the EDFL drops from 0.55 to 0.09% as the MKR diameter decreases from 4 to 2 mm. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:236–238, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27292


This study aims to look at how the role of field agricultural instructor as a developmentcommunicator to farmer groups in Desa Merdeka, Kecamatan Simpang Empat, KabupatenTanah Karo. Samples were taken from six farmer groups with non-probability samplingtechnique by purposive sampling and involve 60 respondents. Data were obtained from aquestionnaire consisting of 21 questions, plus data from some interviews result. Analysis ofdata using a single table analysis techniques. research shows that the education activities canincrease farmer knowledge and further could boost agricultural production, become welfarefarmers. In house training and field extension visits need to be improved because the visitfrequency is very low. The counseling methods applied usually lectures, props and practice.Local languages often used in the process of counseling.


Classical methods for psychometric function estimation either require excessive measurements or produce only a low-resolution approximation of the target psychometric function. In this paper, we propose a novel solution for rapid screening for a change in the psychometric function estimation of a given patient. We use Bayesian active model selection to perform an automated pure-tone audiogram test with the goal of quickly finding if the current audiogram will be different from a previous audiogram. We validate our approach using audiometric data from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH. Initial results show that with a few tones we can detect if the patient's audiometric function has changed between the two test sessions with high confidence.


Influenced by language and therapeutic discourse as well as the feminist critique of marriage and family therapy, the authors conducted research to evaluate conversational power in marriage and family therapy. Research on interruptions has received the most empirical attention, so the authors examined videotaped therapy sessions to see if women clients were interrupted more than men clients. This strategy integrated scholarship on gender and conversation into research on marriage and family therapy process. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine the different treatment of women and men clients; gender of therapist was used as a control variable. Results indicated that marriage and family doctoral students interrupted women clients three times more than men clients.


Abstract 3876 The proto-oncogene c-myb encodes the transcription factor c-Myb, which is predominantly expressed in immature hematopoietic cells where it plays an obligate role in definitive hematopoiesis. Given the critical functions of c-Myb in lineage commitment, proliferation, and differentiation, c-Myb regulatory factors are of great interest but remain incompletely defined. In recent years, c-Myb has been shown to regulate the expression of microRNA (miRNA) molecules in hematopoietic cells. MiRNA molecules are noncoding RNA molecules that are 21–23 nucleotides in length and function to hybridize to the 3′UTR region of its target mRNA to stimulate/repress translation or induce mRNA degradation. For example, in hematopoietic cells, miR-15a and c-Myb form an autoregulatory negative feedback loop in that over-expression of miR-15a in hematopoietic cells was determined to block erythroid and myeloid colony formation. In megakaryocytes, the hormone thrombopoietin induced miR-150 expression which subsequently functioned to degrade c-myb mRNA through direct interaction with c-myb9s 3′-UTR. Our studies have focused on determining the physiologic function of the neuroendocrine Neuromedin U (NmU) during the early stages of erythropoiesis, because we recently determined that silencing NmU in primary human CD34 + cells impairs burst-forming units-erythroid and colony-forming unit-erythroid formation. In subsequent studies, we determined that c-Myb directly interacts with the NmU promoter at Myb Response Elements (MREs) distal to its transcription start site. Also, the expression profiles of NmU and c-myb are similar in CD34 + cells cultured under erythroid inducing conditions for 10 days, and silencing c-myb expression in hematopoietic cells inhibits NmU expression. To gain insight into the regulatory mechanism involved in NmU expression during the early stages of erythropoiesis, we hypothesized that miRNA molecules regulated by c-Myb would inhibit NmU expression through a negative feedback loop. To address this hypothesis, we first scanned the 3′-UTR of NmU and identified 24 different miRNA molecules predicted to interact with NmU9s 3′-UTR. Second, we used luciferase reporter assays to determine which of the miRNA molecules interacted with NmU9s 3′-UTR. Of the three miRNA molecules we tested, miR-101 directly interacted with NmU9s 3′-UTR in a dose-dependent manner. Third, we determined the expression profile of miR-101 in primary CD34 + cells cultured under erythroid inducing conditions. The gene expression of miR-101 was inversely correlated with NmU and c-myb. Finally, because miR-101 contained 6 MREs, we determined the ability of c-Myb to directly interact with the promoter of miR-101 using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Using primers that flank the MREs proximal to miR-1019s transcription start site, we observed a greater than 2-fold increase in the amplification of DNA recovered from ChIP assays completed with c-Myb antibody compared to ChIP assays completed with irrelevant antibody. Studies are underway to confirm by luciferase-reporter assays that c-Myb directly binds to and transactivates the miR-101 promoter. Collectively, these data identify a regulatory loop comprised of c-Myb, NmU, and miR-101 that could be of potential importance during human erythropoiesis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The Internet of Things provides new ways for communication through the Web world using object-enabled networks. At the same time, M2M devices intercommunication and their communication through the web if they were connected to the Internet, presents new challenges, especially in security, that traditional communication models have not yet fully solved. Because of their inborn un-watched, minimal effort and mass-sent nature, M2M devices, and remote communication architectures and solutions for these devices, would encapsulate new dangers in security. These threats are not fully faced by use of security technologies and methods implemented in existing wireless devices, cellular networks or WLANs. The use of cloud computing gives a convenient, on demand and scalable network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources and devices. This paper concentrates on a secure method to integrate the M2M protocols with the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing under the name of Secure Machine-to-Internet Clouding (SM2IC) architecture. The secure design for integrating M2M protocols, along with IoT and cloud computing is proposed. To apply this design, an IoT enabled smart home scenario was examined to analyze secure communication between M2M devices and IoT applications. Also, the cloud computing is used to include different cloud applications, such as, IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS for monitoring the quality of service of M2M devices through IoT applications. Then, simulations were performed to test the proposed security technique, followed by conclusions and future work.


ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, communication with the public has been a central concern for state actors. One important question has been how to best use social media to ensure the sufficient uptake of their advice and recommendations to the public. With regard to such strategic communicative aims, a significant amount of attention has been previously devoted to the engagement, interaction, and dialogic forms of strategic communication on social media. This paper, however, focuses on an aspect that has not been discussed much in the literature: the need an organization might have to disengage due to a lack of resources or when a conversation has stalled. Using the communication that Scandinavian public health authorities carried out through their Facebook pages as cases, this paper employs a thematic analysis of the associated posts and qualitative interviews with employees to argue that these institutions use three disengagement strategies: 1) contradiction, 2) meta-discursive disengagement, and 3) disengagement through sympathy/empathy. Based on this, we consider the strategic potential of disengagement and discuss whether disengagement strategies can be considered legitimate tools for public health organizations' crisis communication that can allow them to achieve the dual aim of ensuring citizens' support for and compliance with authorities' recommendations.


We describe a two and a half day residential course on diabetes mellitus for general practitioners in terms of organisation, cost and educational assessment. Standards of diabetic care in general practice have been shown to vary widely but there has been little evaluation of the postgraduate education required for good continuing care.

The course concentrated on the use of small group tutorials with experienced general practitioner tutors working in tandem with hospital physicians specialising in diabetes. The course proved to be useful, relevant and enjoyable. The costs, both in financial terms and tutor time and commitment hold implications for continuing education in general practice under the 1990 Contract. The follow-up study of the candidates one year later showed that they had increased their knowledge and confidence in dealing with diabetes, and improved the organisation of structured care for diabetic patients in their practices.


: China's extensive inland navigable water system determines that inland navigation must be an important part of China's shipping industry. The collision process of ship striking the anti-collision pier is analyzed through simulation experiment in this paper. The results show that the collision process usually lasts less than 2 seconds, and the peak value of the collision force, friction and resultant force appears 0.5 after the start of the collision.


The objective of any data acquisition system is to make accurate measurements of physical phenomena. Many of the phenomena to be characterized contain data that is in the audio-frequency range between 0 and 50,000 Hertz. Examples include structural vibration, wind-tunnel measurements, turbine engines and acoustics in air and water. These tests often require a large number of channels and may be very expensive. In some cases, there may be only one opportunity to acquire the data. This paper describes a testing/measurement philosophy and the use of advances in available hardware/software systems to implement the requirements. Primary emphasis is on robustness (assurance that critical data is properly recorded), measurement/characterization of unexpected results (generated by accidents or unexpected behavior), and test safety (for both the test article and the facility). Finally, a data acquisition system that encompasses the features discussed is described. Recent Developments in Data Acquisition System Technology The state of the large-scale data-acquisition system art in 1997 was described in Reference 1. The following paragraphs describe several technologies have become viable (or significantly improved) for real-world data acquisition systems since that time. "GIGABIT" Networks Perhaps the most important of these is the development of such high-speed networks as gigabit Ethernet, Firewire, and Fibre Channel. These technologies allow the transfer of multiple channels of audiofrequency data from device to device. These concepts are combined with new disk-storage technologies in the form of RAID and JBOD systems to allow the high-speed storage and retrieval of enormous quantities of data. At the moment, systems that are based on Fibre Channel offer the most flexibility and highest speeds of the readily available architectures. Features include: • >45 million sample/second data transfers • Up to 10 kilometer point-to-point transmission • Multiple, backward-compatible, communication protocols • Support for huge, high-speed, disk farms • Support by a large number of vendors


According to one embodiment, an information processing apparatus includes devices including functions of generating wake-up signals, a controller which returns the apparatus to the power-on status in response to wake-up signals, and a first nonvolatile memory which stores information indicating whether the functions are enabled. The devices initializes such that the function is enabled if the information of the first nonvolatile memory has indicated that the function has been enabled when the power supply is started. The controller includes a second nonvolatile memory which stores information indicating devices to which power should be continuously supplied in the power-off status. The controller starts the power supply to the devices indicated that the power supply should be continued by the information of the second nonvolatile memory when the power supply is started, and continues the power supply in the power-off status to devices indicated that the power supply should be continued.


Aceclofenac sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, posttraumatic pain, joint disorder. Aceclofenac sodium is very slightly soluble in water. Solid dispersions have attracted considerable interest as an efficient means of improving the dissolution rate and hence the bioavailability of a range of hydrophobic drugs. The objective of the present investigation was to study the effect of various hydrophilic carriers like polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP), urea, lactose and mannitol on in vitro dissolution of aceclofenac sodium from solid dispersions. The solid dispersions were prepared in different proportions using hydrophilic carriers like PVP, urea, lactose and mannitol by fusion method. High dissolution rate was observed in solid dispersion of PVP with 1:2 drug-carrier ratios. The increase in dissolution rate of the drug may be due to increase in wettability and hydrophilic nature of the carrier. Absence of significant drug-carrier interaction was confirmed by IR studies.


The 2mm-gatewidth GaN HEMT has been fabricated using AlGaN/GaN HEMT epi structure grown on the SiC substrates. Load-pull measurement has been used,and source and load impedance of 6 and 22 ohms are presented. Internal matching circuit for four dies of total gate width of 2 mm has been designed and fabricated. The resultant device delivers a saturation output power of 30 W,over 6dB power gain and 38% power added efficiency at the frequency 8 GHz. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of 30 W AlGaN/GaN HEMT amplifier developed for X-band high power application in china.


Containment flooding is an important strategy for severe accident management of a conventional boiling water reactor (BWR) system. The execution of containment flooding requires information about the water level in the primary containment. However, there is no instrument to measure the drywell water level for most Mark-III systems. Furthermore, because of the design feature of the Mark-III containment, the water level in the containment does not necessarily guarantee that there is an equivalent water level in the drywell. Therefore, the development of a drywell water level computational aid becomes very useful. The purpose of this work is to develop and validate the drywell water level computational aid and to investigate the implementation of the proposed computational aid on the containment flooding strategy of a Mark-III system. The Kuosheng nuclear power plant (NPP) is a typical BWR-6 NPP with Mark-III containment, and the Severe Accident Management Guideline (SAMG) of the Kuosheng NPP has been developed based on the BWR Owners' Group Emergency Procedure Guidelines and Severe Accident Guidelines, Revision 2. Therefore, the Kuosheng NPP is selected as the plant for study, and the MAAP4 code is chosen as the tool for analysis.


Esophagus. His patient not only survived the operation but lived for thirteen years without recurrence. My own interest in this branch of surgery dates from 1917, when, in absence of my chief, Professor Alexis Thomson, I was called upon to undertake the list of operations. Amongst the cases was one recommended by Dr Logan Turner, who was present at the operation. It was an epithelioma of the hypopharynx involving the upper end of the Esophagus. I had not seen such a case operated on and had no knowledge of the technique required. After removal of the affected segment it was impossible to reconstitute the gullet, and it was necessary to leave the upper end of the oesophagus anchored in the neck. It was only hy a combination of good fortune and beginner's luck that the patient uot only made a good recovery but has remained well ever since. I have ventured to mention this case again as it is certainly unusual to he able to report a case operated on for malignant disease, particularly m this area, alive and well thirty-four years after operation (Fig. 1). Since then I have operated on other cases of this kind, and in 1926 * had the opportunity for the first time of performing the plastic operation recommended by Wilfrid Trotter by which the defect in the gullet Was repaired by a skin flap. Good fortune attended this case too, for * am happy to record that Mrs J. is still alive and well, swallowing


The NMR spectra of methyl ricinoleate and methyl ricinelaidate at 100MHz were studied.In these spectra, it was observed that the chemical shifts for the group -OH shift to the lower field according as the concentration of the compounds in CCl4 increases and also the patterns of the olefinic proton signals change.From the results of analysis of the NMR spectra, especially for the patterns of olefinic proton signals, by using the digital computer, the chemical shifts of olefinic protons were determined for each concentration of the compounds in CCl4, as shown in Table-2.


In this project we are going to design a low-cost of Video transmission through optical wireless communication. A 10Mbps optical transmission for free-space optical video data communication is presented. A channel-adaptive video streaming scheme which adjust video bit rate according to channel condition and transmit video through a hybrid free space optical (FSO) laser communication system. It has been shown that the proposed structure is suitable for uninterrupted transmission of videos over the hybrid wireless network with reduced packet delays and losses even when the received power is decreased due to weather conditions. By employing easy-to-find electronic components, the design consists of three main parts namely interface circuit, transmitter and receiver. The transmitter based on a simple inverter circuitry, drives a laser diode emitting 635nm visible red light. The incoming light signal is focused via 10-cm-diameter lens onto a photodiode SFH203. The received signal current from the photodiode is converted to signal voltage by a resistive-feedback trans-impedance amplifier, differentiator, and limiting amplifier and consequently delivered to the interface circuit. 10Mbps Ethernet link between two personal computers situated 100 meters apart has been successfully tested.


Currently, worldwide, different technologies or different materials are used to increase the performance of the asphalt mix. Depending on climate and traffic conditions, each country has adopted specific solutions that improve the behaviour of asphalt pavement over time. Because each of these products has a particular effect, it is not possible to add a product to the mix to improve all of its technical features. The performance of asphalt pavement depends on the optimal selection of basic materials: natural aggregates, filler, bitumen, polymer and fiber. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the constituents of the asphalt mixture and its physico-mechanical properties. Characteristic properties of bitumen used in the mixtures were determined by conventional bitumen tests and rheological tests according to SHRP. After optimum bitumen content was determined, the influence of the polymer in the mixture was studied. SMA mixes were prepared with different penetration grades bitumen, from different sources and performance tests were conducted in order to evaluate the behaviour of the mixtures.


The objective of this study was to findthe factors that cause differences in the efficiency of the BPRS in Central Java are compared relative ly toeach monthly period . Efficiency meant asa way to measure performance that takes into account the input output unit of economic activity. The banking sector m any use it because it relative ly can answer any difficulty in calculating the measurement of the banking performance . The data used in this research is the BPRS financial data consisting of input and output variables . Determination of input and output variables in this study using the approach Value Added Approach, where the Value Added Approach is the determination of input and output variables of the bank based on banks aim to produce value added ( profits) are maximized. T he variables of input output consist ofTabungan iB , deposit o iB , paid-in capital, placements with other banks, mud h araba h , murabaha h , andqardh. This study uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) .The c onclusions of research during the period of 2005-2010 showed that BPRS in Central Java had an average efficiency of 95.19 , and no period of one year span that reaches optimal efficiency of 100% .


The invention relates to a multi-probe fluorescence sensing device. The multi-probe fluorescence sensing device comprises a first photoelectric detector, a first fluorescence sensing plate, a second photoelectric detector, a second fluorescence sensing plate, an LED (light emitting diode) light source and a light source isolation plate, wherein the LED light source is a broadband light source with a given divergence angle; the light beam transmitted by the LED light source is divided by the light source isolation plate into a first detection interval and a second detection interval which are equally spaced or non-equally spaced; the first photoelectric detector and the first fluorescence sensing plate are arranged in the first detection interval; the second photoelectric detector and the second fluorescence sensing plate are arranged in the second detection interval, and fluorescence sensing signals generated in the first detection interval and the second detection interval are free from being mutually influenced by each other. The multi-probe fluorescence sensing device is characterized in that the LED light source with the given divergence angle is divided into two light radiation intervals to be used as the light source of the two fluorescence sensing plates, so that two-point or multi-parameter fluorescence sensing and detection can be realized by adopting a single light source.


One hundred and eighty-four pure cultures of lactobacilli were isolated from environments where these microorganisms are commonly found. Induction of tartrate fermentation was successful with 64 of these isolates. Twenty-four of these isolates were heterofermentative, and 40 were homofermentative. Successful isolation of tartrate-fermenting lactobacilli required a tartrate broth containing yeast autolysate, adjusted to pH 3.8-4.0, and exclusion of oxygen. If the latter two conditions are not met, other microorganisms quickly become established which are capable of more rapid tartrate degradation. The ability of certain lactobacilli to dissimilate tartrate in full-strength table wine was demonstrated. It was observed, however, that yeast autolysate must be added to the wine. Succinic acid, acetic acid, and carbon dioxide are formed by the dissimilation of tartrate by both homo and heterofermenmentative species of Lactobacillus . Propionic acid, which had been reported to be among the end products of tartrate fermentation by organisms thought to be lactobacilli, was not found.


Through the analysis of the Chinese cultural contradictions and that of the traditional culture and the exploitation of the interactive relationship between the Olympic Games and culture,the present paper tends to put forward the idea that the development of Chinese culture should take advantage of "the human-centered Olympic Games" to create an innovative cultural mode which may help to bring about a more complete interpretation of "the human-centered Olympic Games".


A primary survey on insect pests of pricklyash was carried out during 1991-1994 in the northen part of Henan Province.This paper records 28 species belongling to 16 families and 5 orders, biological notes of important pests were also given.


A study conducted among 414 children under 5 years old in the hill community of Gahini and 386 children in the resettlement area of the valley of Cyanyabugayi Eastern Rwanda attempted to determine whether undergrown children were predominantly wasted or stunted and to identify factors in the diet which could account for the type of weight deficit. The children were separated in to 8 6-monthly age groups. The degree of stunting and wasting was calculated using Waterlows method. One child had frank kwashiokor and none had gross marasmus. 12 (1.5%) were wasted and 247 (31%) were stunted. In both samples but particularly in the poorer area of Cyanyabugayi the proportion of stunted children increased markedly between 6 months and 2 years. In Cyanyabugayi stunting began while children were still being breast fed. Among children aged 1-2 years all of whose diets were supplemented there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of stunting between those receiving supplements from the common pot and those receiving specially prepared weaning supplements. It is suggested that failure to measure childrens height leads to an underestimate of malnutrition in developing countries and that this evidence supports the value of specially prepared weaning foods.


In the southern hemisphere, the sparse coverage of in-situ CO2 measurements prevents a robust determination of regional carbon fluxes and leads to large uncertainties in inverse model results. Therefore, the extensive spatial coverage afforded by satellite CO2 measurements is especially valuable there. By analyzing satellite measurements, new insights on the carbon cycle can be derived and carbon cycle models can be validated for the southern hemisphere.

Here, we present a comparison of atmospheric CO2 data in Australia provided by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) and the CarbonTracker (CT2019) inverse model from 2009 to 2018. We find that the seasonality of GOSAT CO2 is different from that of CarbonTracker across much of the southern hemisphere. This discrepancy follows a clear seasonal pattern with the largest difference of ~2ppm between October and December. We investigate the origin of the discrepancy by utilizing the CO2 components provided by CarbonTracker and different fire CO2 emission databases. Further, we conduct several sensitivity studies by assimilating GOSAT CO2 in the TM5-4DVar data assimilation system, and by transporting different surface fluxes through the TM5 transport model. Our results suggest that the underestimation of local and transported wildfire CO2 emissions could cause the observed discrepancy in the seasonality of column CO2 between GOSAT and inverse models such as CarbonTracker in the southern hemisphere.


In this paper,we introduce computer simulation method of optical fiber communication system and make up the numerical model of optical fiber communication system.In the process of computing FWM effect,we make improvement of mean field approach and make corresponding physical explain.


Signal frequency spectra were analyzed based on establishing a mathematic model for multiple phase shift keying(MPSK) signals for pulse width modulation(PWM) and pulse position modulation(PPM) of drilling fluid pressure.The feasibility of applying the PWM and PPM methods to transmit down-hole MPSK signals of drilling fluid pressure was studied in terms of frequency domain.Impacts of drilling fluid channel parameters and modulation methods on data transmission were examined by establishing transfer functions for the MPSK signal distribution along directional drill string.Numerical calculation results show that the relative energy of signals within the main-lobe bandwidth of MPSK signal for PWM of drilling fluid pressure is too low to fit the frequency-band transmission in terms of frequency spectra,while only the MPSK signal for PPM of drilling fluid pressure can be used for data frequency-band transmission.However,this transmission pattern usually has relatively stricter requirements for the signal detection,treatment and rotating speed control of the rotary valve because of a greater transmission loss.


The damage to oxbow lakes in various places in Indonesia has not been managed properly, so it is feared that its existence will disappear. Whereas the function of the Oxbow Lake, among others, is as a provider of water and fishery resources. Realizing the importance of the oxbow lake, this study was conducted on two lakes in Rantau Baru, Pelalawan Regency based on the land cover method and the Water Quality Index (WQI) calculation method. Water samples were taken at three points from the two observed lakes. WQI is calculated based on ten parameters, namely pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), Depth, Total Phosphate, Ortho-phosphate, Total Nitrogen, Nitrate as N (NO3), Nitrite as N (NO2), Ammonia as N (NH3). The results showed that the lake Sepunjung half of its water body is covered with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and the WQI value is classified as good. Teluk Bederas lake on the outskirts of the lake contains oil palm and plantations and from the WQI value it can be concluded that it is in poor condition.


Though the MOS transistor is a four-terminal device, it is most often used as a three-terminal device. Therefore, a large number of possible MOS circuits are overlooked. In this brief, the four-terminal point of view is elaborated with respect to MOS weak inversion translinear circuits, a class of circuits naturally very suitable for low-voltage and low-power applications. Some new circuits are described which sometimes are more suitable for low-voltage applications than bipolar translinear networks performing the same function. It is also shown that, using the back gate, translinear networks can be derived which cannot be realized with bipolar transistors. These network topologies increase the possibilities offered by translinear technology. As an example, measurement results of a low input-voltage current mirror and a sin(x)-circuit are shown.


Using only a simplified hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (SHFCVD) that has been improved and modified by drawing upon Matsumoto's hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique, the growth regions of carbonaceous product, such as carbon nanofibers or nanotubes and simple carbon films were examined consistently using of identical catalysts and carbon sources under different growth conditions. Ethanol (C2H5OH) and Ni metal were chosen and used as the carbon source and catalyst, respectively. This was considered to be the first examination, although other growth methods to synthesize carbonaceous products exist. Experimental results showed that the products could possibly be used to cover all grown regions by only changing substrate temperature (reaction temperature) and flow rate of hydrogen gas for bubbling in a carbon source. A comparison with products obtained using other equipment was performed.


Sweet potato patties were prepared from Jewel and Centennial cultivars which were freshly harvested or cured and stored. The patties were prepared with additions of sugar, starch and other minor ingredients to peeled, cooked sweet potatoes. The resulting mixture was comminuted, heated by steam injection; vacuum cooled and molded into patties. The patties were cooked in peanut oil and evaluated by a sensory panel. The evaluations indicated that patties of acceptable quality could be prepared from either freshly harvested sweet potatoes or from roots that had been cured and stored for up to 6 months.


This study examined the competence-based approach to conflict management
from the Malaysian perspective especially on the effectiveness and
appropriateness of the conflict management styles as perceived by dyads of
superiors-subordinates. In the process, this study set out to determine the
conflict management styles used by Administrative and Diplomatic Services
(ADS) officers in handling interpersonal conflicts with their subordinates. In
addition, it looked at the moderating effects of individual attribute, professional
profile and management styles on the effectiveness and appropriateness of the
conflict management styles used as reported by the superiors and subordinates.
Self-administered questionnaires were used to gather data. The sample
consisted of 383 dyads of superiors-subordinates selected randomly from the 28
Ministries/Department. The quantitative data were analysed using various
statistical and exploratory data analysis methods, descriptive tests, ANOVAs,
Chi-square test of independence, and MANOVA.The findings indicated that ADS officers used integrating, compromising and
dominating styles to handle interpersonal conflicts with their subordinates. The
least used style was the obliging style. The 9,9 management style was the most
frequently used style followed by 1,9 management style. The least used style
was the 1 ,I management style. Both the superiors and subordinates rated the
integrating style as the most effective, most relationally appropriate and most
situationally appropriate style. The obliging style was rated as the least effective
and least situationally appropriate style by both the superiors and subordinates
while the dominating style was reported as the least relationally appropriate.
The findings revealed that the subordinates were relatively satisfied with the
level of supervision. However, there were no significant findings on the
moderating effects of individual attribute, professional profile and management
styles on the effectiveness and appropriateness of the conflict management
styles used as reported by superiors and subordinates.
Further research was recommended, in particular on the competence-based
approach to conflict management involving a social setting within an Eastern
environment.


It is shown that the natural ultraviolet light absorbing properties of the liquid crystal constituent during the photoinduced elaboration of a liquid crystalline gel induce the broadening of the reflection bandwidth. The polymer component is then included in a resin by preserving its spatial distribution, and transmission electron microscopy investigations of cross sections show the existence of a structure gradient, which is at the origin of the broadening phenomenon. Such reflectors may be of interest for reflective polarizer-free displays or smart windows for the control of solar light for which a broadband reflection is required.


The development of reagents allowing the reversal of the standard reactivity (Umpolung) of small building blocks is an important field of research in chemistry, as it allows increasing the flexibility of organic synthesis. Indoles and pyrroles are ubiquitous heterocycles in natural products and drugs. They are usually functionalized making use of their high nucleophilicity. In contrast, only few methods are based on the use of electrophilic indole and pyrrole synthons, as the needed reagents are highly unstable or can be used only with a very narrow scope. Herein, we report the serendipitous discovery and first use in the C-H functionalization of arenes of IndoleBX and PyrroleBX, new thermally highly stable benziodoxol(on)e hypervalent iodine reagents. IndoleBX and PyrroleBX could be obtained in one step from the corresponding heterocycles and acetoxy benziodoxolone using a Lewis acid catalyst. The mild reactions conditions allowed the introduction of a broad range of functional groups, including ethers, halogens and boronic esters. The new reagents could then be used in the rhodium- and ruthenium- catalyzed C-H heteroarylation of arene rings bearing heterocyclic or benzamide directing groups. Such transformations could not be realized using previously reported C-H functionalization procedures.

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In this paper the electrical conductance of a two-phase composite medium with ellipsoidal inclusions has been investigated by using the effective-medium theory(EMT). An anisotropic factor m is suggusted TO take account of the local anisotropy of an inhomogeneous system. A formula for calculating the effective electrical conductivity tensor in such case has been proposed. A geometrical structure factor I i (i = x,y,z) is introduced to estimate the near field effect between the particles aggregated in the inclusions. It has been shown that there is a simple relation between the structure factor I i and the depolarization factor n i . The calculated results based on the EMT show that prolate ellipsoid (b/a = 0.2) and oblate ellipsoid (b/a=7.5) are the two principle geometrical configurations leading to the percolation threshold c 1 * =0.17. A preliminary theoretical analysis informs that the common mechanism leading to the percolation by these two configurations is the formation of an 'infinite' chain-shaped cluster.


VCSEL (vertical cavity surface emitting laser) is a promising optoelectronic device, but its high manufacturing cost limits its scope of applications. Growing on larger size wafers is an effective way to reduce the cost. However, the growth rate uniformity needs to be optimized to ensure the uniformity of the devices' performance over the wafers. This paper investigates the factors which influence the growth rate uniformity using an 8 × 6 inch planetary reactor through experiments and simulations. At a carrier gas flow rate of 37 slm, an AsH3 flow rate of 600 sccm, an AsH3 flow rate ratio of 100:500, and a ceiling temperature of 175 °C, the growth rate uniformity of the AlGaAs layer with a relative standard deviation of 0.16%, 1σ, was obtained over the 6-inch wafers. The uniformity of the DBR stop band center and VCSEL quantum well wavelength with standard deviations of 0.142% and 0.023%, 1σ, were received over the 6-inch wafers, respectively. Based on the optimized results, 99.95% of VCSEL devices with wavelengths of 940 ± 5 nm were realized over the 6-inch wafers.


Objective To study the changes of blood cell including WBC, RBC, Hb and PLT with tumor patients before and after chemotherapy. Methods 1 mL venous blood of tumor patients was collected before and after chemotherapy, and blood cells were detected by the blood analyzer of CELL DYN1700. Results All items of blood cell were decreased after chemotherapy. Conclusion When the chemotherapy kill tumor cells, the normal cells can be killed at the same time, so dynamic determination of blood routine has guidance significance for clinical observation and rational use of drugs.


IAEA nuclear data services, S. Ganesan the role of applied nuclear physics in nuclear energy, J.J. Schmidt lattice cell calculations, slowing down theory, research reactor calculations - the WIMS computer code, T. Kulikowska evaluated nuclear data processing and nuclear reactor calculations, A. Trkov TRIGA computer package, I. Mele principles and physical models of research reactor calculations, M. Ravnik basic thermal reactor physics and safety, S. Levine nuclear research reactors - status and prospects, K.M. Akhtar status of and perspectives for advanced nuclear power reactors and the role of the IAEA, J. Kupitz basic methodologies for risk analysis, A. Gandini basic principles for reactor safety, M. Cumo thermal neutron distribution in temperature gradients, V. Molinari and D. Mostacci processing of nuclear data - demonstrations, G.C. Panini fast reactors, P. Finck request for computer programs, E. Sartori. (Part contents).


In this paper, we introduce an effective technique for designing diffusion electromagnetic (EM) surfaces with polarization and angle-insensitive characteristics over multiple wide bands. The proposed EM surface consists of a random pixelated metal structure in the middle of double substrate layers and a metallic ground at the bottom. Phase cancellation for radar cross section (RCS) reduction is achieved by different propagation paths generated by the pixelated metallic layer. The theoretical prediction of the reduction frequency band and reduction value is derived by transmission line theory, which serves as guidance to design the EM surface for the required operating band. Using this technique, an EM surface is designed for 10 dB RCS reduction over multiple frequency bands, and the first two reduction bands are 5.98–16.23 GHz and 26.69–37.1 GHz with fractional bandwidths of 92.3% and 32.6%, respectively. The non-reduction frequency band between the first two reduction bands is almost at the K-band (18–27 GHz), which is unusable for long-range transmission because of its high atmospheric loss. Moreover, the bandwidth of RCS reduction bands is stable for oblique incident angles up to 40° for both TE and TM polarizations. Based on theoretical study and simulation results, a prototype of this EM surface is fabricated and experimentally characterized. The theoretical analysis, simulation and experiment results are in good agreement. The proposed method comprehensively solves the problems of narrow bandwidth, time-consuming optimization of the unit cell, high bistatic RCS value, and sensitivity to polarization and incident angles found in recent RCS reduction research.


The purpose of this investigation is to determine the relative effects of various sample mounting configurations on material measurements for characterization of dynamic modulus and loss factor. Measurements were performed on the Metravib viscoanalyzer over a frequency range up to 1 kHz. The results are compared for samples in both tension‐compression and three‐point bending configurations. For very soft rubbers, the relative stiffness characteristics of structural mounting and samples limit the range of measurements to below 500 Hz. Loss factors are consistent for both test configurations while dynamic modulus errors for three‐point bending are dependent on mounting method and sample form. Optimum test configurations are defined. For various metals and composites, the limits of the two test configurations and optimum sample types and test configurations are determined.


High-Pressure Common-Rail Fuel Injection System is the most common technique of fuel injection used in diesel engine of automobiles. High-Pressure Common-Rail Fuel Injection System refers to a new method of fuel supply which can entirely separate the process of generation of inject pressure and the process of fuel inject under the control of a close-loop system which contains high-pressure oil pump, pressure sensor and electronic control unit. During the working process of diesel engine, the time of injection is extremely short which costs only a few milliseconds due to the high rate of rotation of the engine, meanwhile, in the process of injection, the pressure of every point of the high-pressure oil pipe is fluctuated with the change of position and time. Besides, because of the compressibility of diesel itself, the real situation of fuel injection is quite different from the regularity of fuel supply of the ram pump controlled by high-pressure fuel pump. What's more, the fluctuation of pressure in high-pressure oil pipe may also cause secondary injection which will sharply reduce the performance of emission and economy. If the unusual injection is severe, it may not only cause the non-uniform of fuel injection but also lead to a phenomenon of intermittent inject failure. The engine equipped with common-rail technique can effectively solve these defects that traditional engine may have.


Shale gas reservoirs are unconventional and use distinct method to estimate reserves.This paper discusses the distinctness of shale gas reservoir,analyzes several methods of shale gas reserve estimation.Shale gas reserves are calculated by employing EL model and IAS theory with consideration of multi-component and adsorption,and compared with the reserves calculated without such consideration.The result shows that multi-component and adsorption have great impacts on shale gas reserve estimation,and pressure is also an important affecting factor.


Abberley Hills and Malvern Hills Geopark 9, 9 Aberdeen Ground Formation 20 Abitibi Greenstone Belt 194 Access rights in Scotland and geological fieldwork 63–5 access for geologists 64 access rights 63–4 meaning for the geological community? 64–5 acid saline lakes, sedimentology of 171 Louis Agassiz (1807–1873): a passion for fishes 132–42 early fascination for natural history 132 firmly espoused to special creationism 141 derived from Cuvieran catastrophism 142 problems caused to him by slavery 141–2 living and fossil fishes 133–9 and Alexander von Humboldt 135, 136 became Doctor of Medicine 134 Brazilian Fishes (1828–1829), use of Spix's illustrations 134 developed new classification based on structure of dermal remains 138 inaugural lecture at Neuchâtel 136 invitation from William Buckland to study fossil fishes of British geologists 136–7 no ichthyologist in Munich, announced a review of European freshwater fishes 133 second visit to England 137 sought and achieved professorship at Neuchâtel 135–6 struck by lack of modern species in fossil record 138 third visit to England, lectured on Pterichthys milleri in Glasgow 137 visited Paris 135 a move to the USA 139–42 arrival of support staff 140 astonished to find Desor named as co-author of monograph on echinoderms 140 death December 1873 142 Desor dispensed with and discredited as a liar 140–1 fortuitous death of benefactor gave money to start the Museum 141 a founder of American Association for the Advancement of Science 140 invited to co-operate with C.L.J.L. Bonaparte on North American fishes 139 irritated by Darwin's work 141 money for a trip from Emperor of Prussia 139, 140 need for Museum to house the growing collections 141 new grand project on fishes of the world 142 new work entitled Contributions to the Natural History of America 141 sampling every tributary of the Amazon 142 successful lecture tour arranged by J.A. Lowell 140 visited Europe with new wife—and money to buy specimens 141 other studies 139 debts forced closure of the printing house 139 involved in study of glaciers 139 wife Cécile frequently ill, eventually left with the two younger children 139 worked hard to gain ascendancy in natural history 139 Recherches sur les Poissons fossiles 136, 136 Monographie des Poissons du Vieux Gres Rouge, included fishes from Hugh Miller's collection 138 noted that stratigraphical position has a bearing on morphological organisation 138–9 tried to present synthesis of available information 137–8 student life 132–3 1827 struck down with typhoid 133 at Heidelberg, studied palaeontology, zoology and embryology 133 at Zurich University 133 Humanistic studies relegated to poor second place 133 invitation to study at new Munich University 133 Lausanne, under tutelage of Prof. Chavannes 132–3 Agathis australis 77 Ager, Prof. Derek, radical explanation for Ogmore 'floating pebbles' 110 Alboran Sea revisited 212 complex theories for explanation of anomaly of formation of the Sea 212 retreat hypothesis may be most sensible 212 geology complex in character 212, 212 tectonic map built up 212, 212 ALDERMAN, B., Brunel's geological collection 127 Allez les bleus! major discovery of Palaeolithic monuments in Morbihan 124, 124 prospect exciting for insights into palaeoecological context and dating 124 alnöite 168 amber 232 fossil inclusion preservation similar to mummification 232 fossilized form of tree resin 232 oldest containing fossil arthropods, Lower Cretaceous 232 Amber (Part 2) 74–7 acquisition 74–5 Burmese, said to be exhausted 75 Chiapas, Mexico, too expensive to expose amber-bearing horizon 74–5 Cretaceous localities, North America 75 currently from Samland peninsula, Baltic coast 74, 75 in France 74 processed amber, Dominican Republic 74 Sicilian deposits 74 sometimes found along English east coast beach strandlines 74, 75 in art the 'Amber Room' 75 as currency 75 Hove tumulus cup 75 industry remains producing necklaces and pendants 75 personal adornment 75 shipments from Baltic area to Amber Guild 75 curation 77 Cretaceous amber tends to be brittle 77 Sicilian amber, prized for variety of colours 77 faking amber 76–7 bakelite 76 camphor 76 casein 77 celluloid 77 copal (resin of New Zealand Kauri trees) 77 modern plastics 77 palaeontological uses 76 variation of insect species from oldest to youngest ambers 76 uses of 75–6 earliest use, burning to produce incense 76 medicinal uses 76 miscellaneous 76 production of Spillar Imitation (ambroid) 76 Ammonia spp. 13 Anasazi people, defensive village in cave slot, Canyon de Chelly Back Cover 6 'And the meek shall inherit the earth—but not the mineral rights', exhibition 163–4, 164 ANDREWS, P., reports from New Zealand 6–7, 123–4 Angiosperms, basal 153–4 Anisocardia 229 Arambourgiania 34, 35, 35 Arctic Climate Impact Assessment 103 Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX): Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 302 210 Arctic Treasure 3 Argyll Group 66 Attercopus fimbriunguis 233 Australian plate, subduction beneath the Sunda Plate 12, 12 Avon RIGS Group, planning 2007 rewrite of 'Tucking Mill Trail' 50 Azhdarchid pterosaurs: titans of the skies 33–8 in the air 36–7 20th century criticism of aerodynamics 36 have low aspect ratio 35, 36 may have been static soarers 37 possibility of being active powerful flying creatures 36 pterosaur trackways 36 unusual abundance of remains in continental deposits 37 unusual position of shoulder joint 36–7, 36 azhdarchid origins 33–4 earliest occurrences, Lower Cretaceous deposits of China and Brazil 34 inclusion within Archosauria 33 Pterodactyloidea, diversified in the late Cretaceous 33, 33 reported global fossil occurrences 34 a dying breed? 38 extinction may be due to competition with birds 38 pterosaur diversity declined towards end of Mesozoic 38 feeding habits 37–8 majority of fossils found in lacustrine deposits 37 possibilities introduced by neck length 38 probably obtained most food when foraging terrestrially or wading 37–8, 37 suggest a more land-based ecology 37 largest flying animals ever? 35–6 more complete material from Upper Cretaceous of Texas 35 size increased throughout the Cretaceous 35, 35 wingspan 35 skeletal anatomy 34–5 jaw and skull 34 neck 34 pterosaur shoulder and wing structures 36 torso, wings and wing membranes 34 unusually long hind limbs 34–5 wing configuration 35 Azhdarcho 34


Concrete is the most widely used construction material because of its specialty of being cast into any desirable shape. Ductility and energy absorption capacity are the main requirements of earthquake resistant structures. However the conventional concrete has low tensile strength, lower energy absorption and little resistance to cracking. Therefore, it cannot fulfill the requirements of the earthquake or seismic resistant structure. Extensive researches have shown that the most significant influence of the inclusion of steel fiber in concrete is to delay and control tensile cracking of the composite material. The primary variables are fiber content and matrix composition. The addition of steel fiber to matrix leads to improvement in several properties of concrete. In this investigation the strength properties are determined by using different geometrical steel fibers. The various parameters like load carrying capacity, stiffness, ductility character and energy absorption capacity has to be analyzed.


The process of excavating roadway, shafts, and exploiting coal seams located near the ground may cause subsidence of the ground surface, cracking, damage to structures on the surface. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on the specific conditions of the site to calculate and forecast the level of impact on the works on the surface, ground subsidence when excavated roadway, shafts, exploiting coal seams located near the ground. Based on the topographical conditions, geological hydrogeological conditions and current status of works on the surface, the technical design of the excavation of the twin inclined shafts from +30÷-300 levels in the Ha Lam coal mine is proposed. This paper uses the numerical method by FLAC3D software to build the model with a height of 450 m and a width of 700 m to study the effect of the twin inclined shafts construction on the deformation of rock mass on the ground surface. This research has shown that after the construction of the twin inclined shafts from +30÷-300 levels, the area of each inclined shaft is 15.8 m2, rock mass on the ground surface is deformed, the maximum value of vertical deformation is about 5 cm, horizontally deformation is about 3 cm, the effect range of deformation the surface is within a radius of 25 m. So on the +30 level of Ha Lam coal mines when constructing works serving the coal mining within a radius of 25 m in the twin inclined shafts entrance area, it is necessary to consider the impact excavation of the twin inclined shafts. But when constructing works outside a radius of 25 m in the twin inclined shafts entrance area will not be affected. Recommendations for the Ha Lam coal mine process need to install more deformation monitoring stations to monitor the deformation process of the surface of +30 level when excavation of the twin inclined shafts.

http://jmes.humg.edu.vn/images/paper/2022/63_3a/10. Dao Viet Doan 87-94.pdf


The sediments of a small lake in Yunnan (22?N, 100'30'E, 1280 m a.s.l.), although presenting substantial dating problems, are lnost probably 36,000-20,000 years old. The potential natural vegetation of the locality today is subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest, but tropical rainforest occurs only 30-60 km away and 600 m lower; Pinus forest occupies poorer soils down to 1250 m a.s.l. The pollen diagrams demonstrate that subtropical broadleaved forest and pine forest grew around the site during the sedimentation period fluctuating in their relative abundance. In addition there were short intervals in which Podocarpaceae (including Dacrydium not now growing in mainland China) were common. Another site, 7.5 km away, confirms this record. The climatic implication is that, at a time approaching the last glacial maximum, this part of China experienced greater winter humidity and rainfall but mean annual temperatures only slightly, if at all, lower than present.


Objective: To simultaneously determine the effect of propofol on myocardial oxygenation, mitochondrial function, and whole organ function in an isolated heart model, using optical reflectance spectroscopy. Design: Controlled laboratory investigation. Setting: Research laboratory. Subjects: Twenty adult guinea pigs. Interventions: Isolated hearts were perfused alternately with a modified oxygenated Krebs‐Henseleit buffer and with buffer containing varied concentrations of propofol. Ninety seconds of ischemia were produced during perfusion with each solution studied. Measurements and Main Results: Myoglobin oxygen saturation, cytochrome c and cytochrome a/a3 redox state, and ventricular pressure were continuously measured from isolated guinea pig hearts during a 2‐hr period. Myoglobin oxygen saturation increased and both cytochromes became more oxidized in the presence of propofol. During ischemia, myoglobin desaturation and cytochrome reduction were delayed and less complete in the presence of propofol. The mean ischemic time to 50% myoglobin desaturation was, on average, 14.3 secs with buffer perfusion, and increased to 24.5, 27.9, and 41.8 secs, with 50, 100, and 200 μM propofol perfusion, respectively. Ventricular function decreased linearly with increasing propofol concentration. From baseline buffer perfusion, maximal dP/dt per cardiac cycle decreased on average by 30.4%, 40.9%, and 69.4%, with 50, 100, and 200 μM propofol perfusion, respectively. Conclusions: Propofol impairs either oxygen utilization or inhibits electron flow along the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the guinea pig cardiomyocyte. Propofol also significantly decreases ventricular performance in the isolated perfused heart. These effects are linearly correlated with propofol concentration in the range studied.


In most areas of Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee the recent arrival and dramatic growth of the hardwood chipping industry has created concerns among some members of the hardwood manufacturing industry. Hardwood sawmill and furniture manufacturing personnel are concerned that marginal sawlog/pulpwood material is increasingly processed as chips rather than sawn into lumber. The potential exists for increased in-woods merchandising of hardwoods, and this paper evaluates how transportation costs and pricing differences between hardwood pulpwood and sawlogs affect merchandising and hauling decisions. A model was developed to assist individual users in evaluating their merchandising and transportation options.


A projection of the bouquet graph B with two cycles is said to be trivial if only trivial embeddings are obtained from the projection. In this paper a finite set of nontrivial embeddings of B is shown to be minimal among those which produce all nontrivial projections of B.


In this manuscript, Ken and colleagues studied the function of AmD by constructing AmyD KO or overexpression strains in different A. nidulans parental strains. Their results showed AmyD mainly decrease the molecular mass of alpha-glucan, and it showed biased effect on alpha-glucan that produced by different alpha-glucan synthases. Based on these results, they proposed a interesting mechanism of AmyD to affect alpha-glucan synthesis and modification. It may be important to explaint the difference of AsgAor AgsBderived alpha-glucan. However, the current data could not fully support this hypothesis. Some extra results are further required. Major point: 1 According to previous reports (He et al., 2014 and 2017), AmyD repressed the accumulation of alphaglucan in A. nidulans cell wall. Both deletion or over-expression of AmyD had direct impacts on alphaglucan content in cell wall. Data in this manuscript showed that alpha-glucan was only affected in AmyD over-expression strains. It is unclear why AmyD deletion had no impact on alpha-glucan accumulation in cell wall. 2 Quantificaiton of glucose in AS2 fraction of △amyD strain presented both in figure 3A and figure 7A. There is a quite big difference for these two results. 3 The error bar for agsA-OE;amyD-OE strain in figure 3B was big compared with other quantification data. This would greatly affect the outcomes of statistical analysis. Authors should re-test this experiment to draw a better conclusion. 4 Line 426-434, authors hypothesized that AmyD might hydrolyze the primer of alpha-glucan and it may compete with the alpha-glucan synthase. This could be the mechanism of AmyD to reduce the Molecular mass of alpha-glucan. However, data in van de Kaaij et al., 2007 showed AgtA (the homolog of AmyD) mainly function as a glucanotransferase, which had very limited starch hydrolysis ability. Could AmyD has a function to modify the alpha-glucan in cell wall, as it suggested in line 435-445. 5 Is that possible the alpha-glucan in amyD-OE or agsB-OE;amyD-OE cross-linked with other cell wall component and making it alkaline insoluble. If so, it would be able to find the glucose concentration increased in other cell wall fractions. Qeios, CC-BY 4.0 · Review, December 13, 2021


Currently, the most common way to prevent and extinguish forest ground fires is laying of mineralized strips and ditches using forest plows, milling strip-laying machines and soil throwers. However, fire-break making soil throwers are not equipped with devices for removing the ground cover with combustible plant residues from the soil flow supplied to the fire zone when extinguishing forest ground fires, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the machine. Augers with a hydraulic drive are promising, which allow removing the ground cover, however, additional studies of kinematic and dynamic parameters are needed. The purpose of this work is to improve the quality of cleaning the flow of soil from the ground cover supplied to the edge of the fire by a forest fire stripper by substantiating the parameters of the auger working bodies. The analysis of literary sources showed that it is advisable to use modern mathematical models of the interaction between an object and the environment, based on the particle dynamics method, in the development of a forest fire soil-throwing machine. A new design of a forest fire soil thrower with auger working bodies, which are designed to remove the ground cover, is presented. A simulation model of the working process of auger working bodies using the particle dynamics method was compiled. A basic computer experiment was carried out to clean the soil flow from the forest litter. It has been established that pressure in the hydraulic motor decreases approximately exponentially, and the rotational speed of the working body also increases approximately exponentially up to 4 rpm during the acceleration of the working body. The interaction of the working body with the stump led to the appearance of a negative braking torque of up to 4.5 kNm. As a result, the rotational speed of the drum decreased from 4 rpm to almost zero. With a decrease in the rotational speed, the pressure in the hydraulic motor of the drive of the working body increased to 12.5 MPa. The auger working body provides approximately the same cleaning efficiency of the soil flow with a ground cover thickness of up to 20 cm, while the cleaning completeness is at least 0.86, and the power consumption is not more than 8 kW


In this month's issue of Pediatrics , Van Cleave et al1 describe barriers to and potential facilitators of publishing quality-improvement (QI) research, which are based on a 2007 workshop, key informant interviews, and a literature review over the years 2001–2009. We strongly agree with the authors' conclusion that "Publishing pediatric quality improvement presents challenges, but it advances the science of quality improvement, leading to more rapid improvement in pediatric care and children's health outcomes."

The importance of participating in QI activities is emphasized throughout clinical care. It is now a component of residency training and required for American Board of Pediatrics maintenance of certification. However, most practicing pediatricians have had little formal training in QI methods. In our experience, this has created confusion about the role of QI. For example, although there are …

Address correspondence to Alex R. Kemper, MD, MPH, MS, Duke Clinical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, 2400 Pratt St, Room 0311 Terrace Level, Durham, NC 27705. E-mail: alex.kemper{at}duke.edu


It has been assumed for some time that Earth was the center of the universe and that its study was completely independent of the stars. This faulty assumption has lead scientists to continually draw up confusing theories of stellar evolution that do not make any sense. As well their definitions are counter to consistency itself, thus are unscientific. We will see that the problems with astrophysics are rooted in language itself. Before humans had telescopes it was assumed that the Earth was the center of the universe. It was immovable, unchanging, solid structure that was different than the heavens above. This mentality is still harbored even in the 21 st century by confused astrophysicists. We can see this confusion in their theories of star evolution that do not include objects that are mostly liquid and solid structure such as the Earth. The study of the Earth is kept as a mutually exclusive area of study called "geophysics" and "geology". These two fields of research go over the physics involved with the formation, structure and evolution of the Earth. The processes are both uniformitarian (mostly unchanging) and catastrophic


This article is discussing the Cyberspace Crime from the point of view to law enforcement. From the observation of this article, it indicates that the trans-bordering and hard-to-trace are two prominent characteristics in the field of Cyberspace Crime investigation. These two characteristics not only trigger the balance between assertion of jurisdiction and practicability of investigation but also raise the concern of privacy issue in finding the identity of suspect. This article would like to conclude that, under the current technology and legal status quo, the degree for law enforcement within Cyberspace should not be substantially differentiated than that in the physical world. In order to achieve this purpose, to set up gateways within the territory and refuse to acknowledge the connection between the identity privacy and the fundamental human rights for freedom of speech within Cyberspace are worth serious thinking to the nations in the world.


The high- solid polyurethane coating is formulated with citric acid polyester polyol as hydroxyl resin. The process for preparing hydroxyl resin is optimized by the orthogonal experiment. The results show that the comprehensive performances of the obtained product can reach the best when the oleic acid, citric acid and 1,4- butanediol react between 150°C and 160°C for 3 hours at first and then continue to react at 190~ 200°C for 2 to 3 hours with the molar ratio of 1.0:1.0:3.5. The effects of the hydroxyl value of polyester polyol and the ratios of — NCO to — OH on the properties of polyurethane coatings are discussed. It is proved that the properties of the coating film would meet the requirements of the S01- 3 Standard (the Standard of Polyurethane Varnish) when the hydroxyl value of polyester polyol is 148 mgKOH/g and the molar ratio of — NCO to — OH is 1.2 to 1. In addition, it is found that the dry- to- touch time can reach 25~ 30 min if the mass ratio of BTSL to citric acid polyester polyol is 0.08% ~ 0.1% .


This article gives an overview of the general concepts, underlying technologies, similarities, and differences in the factory and building automation fields and explores issues and trends. Particular emphasis is put on the information aspects in automation, such as communication and integration, that used to be a central topic during the last few decades and are being addressed by maturing solutions only recently.


The present study investigated the effect of different culture conditions on the vegetative growth of a new species, Haematococcus alpinus (strain LCR‐CC‐261f) using airlift photobioreactors. The influence of culture medium, aeration rates, CO2 concentration in air‐gas mixture, temperature, light intensities, and wavelengths were investigated to achieve sustainable high cell density cultures. Growth parameters were determined by fitting the data to a form of the logistic equation that included a lag phase. The shear‐sensitive vegetative cells favored lower aeration rates in the photobioreactors. MLA medium increased to 40 mM nitrate produced high density cultures. Temperatures between 12°C and 18°C, 3% (v/v) CO2 concentration and a narrow photon flux density ranging between 37 and 48 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1 were best suited for growth. The wavelength of the light source also impacted growth and a high cell density of 9.6 × 105 cells · mL−1 was achieved using a mixture of red and blue compared to warm white, red, or blue LEDs.


Identifying seafloor methane seepage efficiently has important implications for assessing environmental impact, reducing the uncertainty of top seal integrity, understanding the petroleum system, and mitigating the drilling hazards due to shallow gas influx. Pore water geochemistry analyses suggest that the study area has an extremely high methane seepage flux and active methane anaerobic oxidation processes. However, geochemical data cannot provide details about the internal seepages. The geophysical dataset from the Western slope of Okinawa Trough, including 2D high-resolution seismic, sub-bottom profiles, and bathymetry, gives us a good opportunity to understand the detailed characteristics of methane seepages in this study. Geophysical data have revealed numerous methane seepage-related features such as seismic chimneys, pockmarks, submarine domes, and amplitude anomalies, including bright spots and enhanced reflections. Pockmarks and domes are often associated with seismic chimneys, indicating that fluid migration is important in their formation. The various geophysical expressions may represent different stages of methane seepage. Fluid quickly drains, causing severe sediment deformation and forming pockmarks, whereas domes may indicate the early stages of fluid discharge. Chimneys that do not extend to the seafloor may indicate that the venting is gradual and focused. Flares linked to domes or pockmarks may indicate that the fluid migration is active. Several factors triggered the existence of methane seepages on the Western slope of the Okinawa Trough, including tectonic setting, overpressure and rapid sedimentation.


Nowadays, after a lot of evolution in software engineering area, there is not yet a simple and direct answer to the question: What is the best software productivity metric? The simplest and most commonly used metric is the SLOC and its derivations, but these are admittedly problematic for this purpose. In another way, there are some indications of maturation in this topic, the new studies point to the use of more labored models, which are based on multiple dimensions and in the idea of produced value. Based in this tendency and on the evidence that each organization must define its own way to assess their productivity, we defined a process to support the definition of productivity measurement models in software organizations. We also discuss, in this paper, some issues about the difficulties related with the process adoption in real software organizations.


An analysis of the occurrence of low back pain in the Gold Mining Industry was done retrospectively by the author for a period of one year using the patients' physiotherapy treatment cards for information. The most common mechanism of injury was identified as spontaneous onset of low back pain and the highest risk occupations were drillers, mining team and scraper/winch operators. The treatment protocol which the Physiotherapy department follows as well as the outcome of the programme are described.


In recent years, people that are interested in full-duplexed, multichannel sounds for telepresence services have realized that the acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) problem is mathematically ill-conditioned. To regularize the problem, it is known that signals in multiple channels must be decorrelated. In this paper, we propose to utilize decorrelated background sounds for solving the AEC problem. Methods are presented to generate arbitrarily many orthogonal but perceptually similar copies from a mono sound, and their effectiveness in 2-channel and 5-channel AEC is evaluated in simulations.


Some dihalo-amino-pyrimidines and -pyridines were alkylated and acylated at the amino group. The resulting twenty-four compounds were then tested for their action on Herpes simplex virus infection in human HEp-2 cell cultures. Five compounds were active and 2-benzamido-3,5-dichloropyridine [(III B); Table I] showed the highest antiviral activity.


In order to use GPS coordinate,the coordinates in WGS-84 got from GPS observation need to be transformed to the coordinates of national coordinate or local independent coordinate in practical engineering.In the paper,it made a macro program in Excel to convert the coordinate data from one coordinate system to another.Also it gave some examples of coordinate transformation.The results showed that the procedure would be feasible and it could be satisfied to calculate conveniently,fast,reliably and exactly.


This paper presents our experience in implementing the Adaptive filter using Recursive Least Square algorithm on MATLAB. The field of digital signal processing has developed so fast and this development is related to the increasingly available technologies for implementing digital signal processing algorithms. When dealing with signals whose statistical properties are unknown, an adaptive filter that automatically changes its characteristics by optimizing the internal parameters is the solution. The recursive least square (RLS) algorithm is based on the well-known least square method. It means faster convergence depends on error measure of a time measure of actual received signal while the Least Mean Square (LMS) uses statistical averages. In RLS technique, an estimate of the inverse input autocorrelation matrix is used to improve the filter convergence speed. Recursive least squares algorithms decorrelate the inputs by preprocessing them, but they use to that effect an estimate of the inverse autocorrelation matrix, which thus depends on the actual inputs. Keywords— Adaptive, LMS, RLS.


Tutoring has become a familiar tool that schools use to reinforce classroom teaching and improve student achievement. That's especially been the case because of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and its provisions for supplemental education. No matter what the future holds for NCLB, principals and other educators will still need to know what kinds of tutoring are effective and for what purposes. Principals and other educators will benefit from learning more about promising tutoring practices drawn from the best available studies and field research (Gordon et al. 2007). What follows are practical recommendations that educators can apply immediately to improve school tutoring programs. #1. USE A DIAGNOSTIC/DEVELOPMENTAL TUTORING PROGRAM. Evidence indicates that when individual diagnosis is structured into a tutoring program, long-term student achievement increases. One effective way of accomplishing this is by having the tutor observe and record student learning skills on a session-by-session basis. This aids in a more accurate diagnosis of specific learning disabilities (Vellutino et al. 1996). Accurate observation can guide the tutor in selecting short diagnostic tests and exercises to better detail individual learning obstacles. Using a diagnostic/developmental approach will help the tutor discover underlying, perhaps subtle student cognitive processing issues, such as learning disabilities (i.e., dyslexia, visual/auditory perceptual issues, attention-span limitations, etc.) (Gordon et al. 2004). #2. STRUCTURE THE TUTORING PROGRAMS. Design and implement a highly structured tutoring program for your school. This will help tutors implement more precise individualized tutoring, rather than generic "homework helper" or "drill-and-practice" tutoring that provides little, if any, assistance in improving student classroom achievement (Cohen, Kulik, and Kulik 1982; Ellison 1976; Rosenshine and Furst 1969; Wasik and Slavin 1993). One example of such a structured program used researched, field-based curriculum scripts to build skill competencies at an introductory, maintenance, or mastery learning level. The Individualized Instructional Program (IIP) systematically designed into its curricula more than 300 learning descriptors to document academic skill achievement, specific learning-how-to-learn skills, and personal motivational outcomes. These curriculum scripts used a test-tutor-test approach by tracking tutor observations session to session and using shorter diagnostic/developmental measurement tools rather than lengthy diagnostic tests. Since many academically challenged students tend to exhibit test-phobic behaviors, the results of this approach appear to be more accurate. (See Figure 1.) Such an approach also has the advantage of increasing tutorial instructional time and reducing the time spent on testing. In these structured programs, tutors assessed students using learning descriptors in one of 52 subject areas. (See Figure 2.) On a one-to-one basis, the typical tutoring program included 25 one-hour sessions conducted over about 13 weeks. Or on a one-to-five basis, tutors conducted 40 hours of instruction in two-hour sessions over about 10 weeks. The curriculum-script method allows the tutor to follow a more thoughtful, sequentially arranged, systematic tutoring program based on a written record, rather than on informal guesswork. This helps minimize the risk that an individual tutor will overlook significant student learning issues. Also, diagnosis becomes an ongoing process throughout the tutoring session, rather than only during a pretesting phase (Gordon, Morgan, and Ponticell 1995; Gordon 1983; Morgan, Ponticell, and Gordon 1998). #3. USE YOUR MOST EXPERIENCED TEACHERS AS TUTORS AND TRAIN THEM. Highly trained tutors have consistently produced better tutoring results. In general, tutors are effective because they give students more personalized attention. …


Understanding the effect of risk factors on tourists' hesitation in choosing a destination is vital for successful management in tourism, especially in the pandemic era. Based on protection motivation theory, this study investigated the impact of sport tourists' perceived risk associated with COVID-19 on their hesitation to choose a tourist destination in the context of water sport tourism. Further, we examined whether the relationship changes according to the levels of tourists' destination image. Data from a survey of water sport tourists (n = 312) were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Hayes PROCESS macro with bootstrapping procedures. Findings of this research empirically demonstrated that risk factors influence hesitation in choosing a destination. Furthermore, the moderating effect of destination image on the influences of perceived risks on hesitation was identified. The study's theoretical and practical contributions to the sport tourism literature are also discussed.


After an introductory note on the general neglect that this universal, speciesspecific and existential skill has met in the history of psychology, an outline is sketched of its internal organisation. Various relatively autonomous processing components interact to map a speaker's communicative intention into a fluent sequence of articulatory gestures. The chapter then proceeds to discuss each component's functioning in some detail on the hand of ongoing empirical, especially experimental, research in the Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Psycholinguistik. The first component process discussed is the conceptual preparation of speech, the retrieval of communicately relevant information, its linearisation and its propositional encoding. The second component process is grammatical encoding, the retrieval of appropriate words for the concepts to be expressed, and the creation of a syntactic plan. The next component deals with phonological encoding, i.e. the retrieval of phonological information for each word, and the computation of a phonetic plan for each word and the utterance as a whole. This plan is executed by the articulatory component, with overt speech as output. Finally, this output is fed back through the speaker's speech comprehenesion system, where it is monitored for problems of delivery. In case of necessity, the speaker will initiate a self-repair. It is shown that self-repairing is a highly systematic process.


As part of a multi‐state adolescent obesity project, we examined if signage, promotion, availability, quality and price of healthy food choices differed amongst sit‐down (SD), fast food (FF), or other restaurant (OT; i.e. fast casual) classifications. Restaurants (n=49) in three states were identified for audit using the validated Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey for restaurants (NEMS‐R). NEMS‐R evaluates the signage and promotion of healthy food items as well as their availability, quality and price. The standard NEMS‐R scoring rubric was utilized; higher scores indicate greater healthfulness and availability of menu items (range= ‐27 to 63). Establishments were excluded if they were not open to the general public or served predominantly to patrons over 21 years. Thirty‐one restaurants (SD=10, FF=6, OT=15) were assessed. Mean scores for SD, FF, and OT were 9.1 ±3.1, 20.8 ±19.4 and 11.3 ±17.8, respectively (min= ‐7, max= 53). Nutrition information was available at 10% of SD, 50% of FF and 60% of OT. Healthy items were promoted at 0% of SD, 17% of FF and 13% of OT. Approximately 5% of SD meals were healthy compared to 10% and 12% of FF and OT, respectively. Our results were not statistically significant warranting further study with larger samples and more statistical power. These data were easy to collect and provide an area of focus for obesity prevention efforts.


The Free and Unfettered is a very important paper in Zhuang Zi,and it is the concentrated reflection of zhuangzi's free thought.But there are still much different explaination on peripateticism and different people have different views about Zhuang Zi's thought of freedom.From the discussion between small and large,Zhuang Zi displays the view on the freedom in the different people at the different levels and different realm and understanding,and then gives his own thought of freedom.At the same time he discussed the way and the means to achieve the freedom.


................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iv CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1 The History of Sensory Integration Theory ................................................................................ 2 The Evolution of Modern Sensory Integration Theory............................................................... 3 Sensory Modulation ................................................................................................................ 4 Clinical Relevance of Sensory Integration Theories .................................................................. 6 ASD and SPD: An Introduction to Relevant Clinical Groups .................................................... 7 Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) Information and Prevalence .......................................... 7 SPD and auditory sensory processing. ................................................................................ 8 Autism Spectrum Disorders Information and Prevelance ...................................................... 8 ASD and auditory sensory processing. ............................................................................... 9 Introduction to Measures Relevant to this Paper ........................................................................ 9 Neurophysiological Measurement Technique ...................................................................... 10 Neurophysiological Measures ............................................................................................... 11 Sensory gating. .................................................................................................................. 11 Sensory registration. ......................................................................................................... 12 Purpose of the Current Study .................................................................................................... 13 Introduction to the Paper to be Replicated: Davies and Gavin (2007) ................................. 13 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 18 Clinical Populations and Sensory Integration ........................................................................... 19


The article characterizes timber cutting business with the ethnolocal group of the southern Vepsians. The research is based on the field data of the author, unpublished archival sources, and publications in periodical press. The paper reveals the reasons for the origin and development of this employment, and characterizes the specifics of its organization. The author accentuates the role of the business in the intensification of the interethnic interaction of the southern Vepsians and the Russian population of the region, and also its influence on the changes of certain elements of material culture.


In order to improve the wet shear strength of soy protein based adhesive,the authors used two resins as a cross-linking agent to modify soy protein based adhesive.The modified soy protein-based adhesive was then used to make plywood samples.The results showed that when processed at 160 ℃,1.5 MPa,2 min/mm,and 380 g/m2 glue spread,the plywood wet shear strength met the National Standard GB/T 9846-2004 requirement for I-level plywood.The cross-linking agent also dramatically improved the bonding performance of the plywood samples in boiling water.


Monte-Carlo methods are used to study the nonequilibrium crystalline behavior of disordered magnets described by a three-dimensional Heisenberg model with extended structural defects. The critical temperature and critical indices are calculated: z = 3.529(125), ν = 0.821(14), β = 0.777(53), and ω = 0.882(49). It is shown that Heisenberg magnets with strong disorder and long-range defect correlations form a distinct universality class. A high concentration of structural defects with long-range correlation is found to cause significant slowing down of the critical relaxation dynamics. A study is made of the effects of aging on the nonequilibrium behavior of highly disordered magnets.


"Baiyue Ancient Road",which led to the way out of southwest China and Southeast Asia,was"Tea-and-Horse Ancient Road"connecting southwest China and Southeast Asia.Since ancient people of Baiyue lived there,Baiyue is preserved as a name of that place,although"Nanyue State"was destroyed by the emperors of the Han Dynasty and Baiyue(Guangdong)as a clan name disappeared gradually from historic books.According to the Dictionary of Chinese Ancient and Modern Place Names,Baiyue was Tianbao Guangxi(today Debao County).There still is Baiyueo site in Debao.It thus is named"Baisyue Ancient Road",which was way for business and trade,ethnic migration,and exchanges.Historically through this path ethnic groups in South China migrated to Southeast Asia.Nowadays more than 20 ethnic groups in southern China and Southeast Asia have the same root,and there are also many"cross-border ethnics".That such a situation of ethnic relation has a close connection with this path.After tracing back to the history,this paper finds that Baiyue Ancient Road has a long history.During the pre-Qin periods,communication between southwestern China,northern China,Southeast Asia,and Oceania were frequent.Such communications laid the foundation for the formation of the road;during the Qin-Han period,Baiyue Ancient Road took the first shape;from Three Kingdoms to the Tang-Song period,it developed rapidly and went into its greatly prosperous period;from the Yuan Dynasty to the Republic of China,it continued to develop and reform;After the liberation,Baiyue Ancient Road got a new life and a prosperous development,which functions greatly for building China-ASEAN Free Trade Area,and for China going to Southeast Asia and to the world.


Investment in equipment and machinery is a very important component of GDP. In this paper we examine whether data from business tendency surveys are useful for a timely assessment of current investment behavior. In addition we investigate whether the survey results are helpful for forecasting investment growth in the short run. The first question is addressed with the help of spectral analysis. To study the forecast ability we estimate linear autoregressive and additive autoregressive models. The forecasting performance is assessed through filtered residuals. The analyses show that the business survey is indeed a useful tool for assessing investment in equipment and machinery.


Objective To explore patients' experiences of a self-administered electrotherapy treatment for muscle spasticity in cerebral palsy and stroke; the Exopulse Mollii Suit®. Design Qualitative design with an inductive approach Subjects Fifteen patients with spasticity due to stroke or cerebral palsy, participating in a previous randomized controlled trial evaluating the treatment concept. Methods Information letters were sent to all potential participants (n = 27) in the previous study. Semi-structured interviews (21–57 min) were carried out with all subjects who volunteered (n = 15), administered by an experienced interviewer who was not involved in the previous study. Transcribed interviews were subject to content analysis. Results The 5 categories that emerged from the content analysis were "New method gives hope", experiences related to "Using the assistive technology", "Outcome from training with the assistive technology", "The assistive technology" and "Taking part in the study". Respondents felt hopeful when included in the previous study, motivated when experiencing a treatment effect, and disappointed when not. Conclusion The qualitative approach used in this study elicited complementary information that was not evident from the previous randomized controlled trial. This included statements regarding increased mobility, reduced spasticity, reduced use of medication, and problems related to using the treatment concept. LAY ABSTRACT Fifteen patients who had tried the assistive technology Exopulse Mollii Suit®, an electrotherapy concept against muscle spasticity housed in a tight-fitting suit, were interviewed about their experiences. Increased mobility, reduced spasticity, and a reduction in the use of medication for spasticity-related symptoms were positive outcomes described by participants, although this was not experienced by everyone. Interest in continuing using the treatment for home-based training after the study was based on each individual's experience of whether the treatment was effective, the (initial) motivation, and determination to try the new concept, the support from relatives or home service personnel to use the treatment and overcome difficulties that might appear, and the overall usability of the electrotherapy suit. The participants' interest in using the training concept thus depended on the outcome from using the suit, motivation to use the suit, the usability of the suit, and available support when using the suit.