Titanium dioxide nanocrystals are prepared by a hydrolysis process of Titanium tetraisopropoxide. Nano crystals of various sizes are obtained after annealing from 300 to 450°C. Raman scattering was employed to investigate the evolution of the anatase phase in the nano crystals during annealing. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering studies were done to supplement the Raman scattering results on particle size. Phonon confinement and non-stoichiometry effects are responsible for the blue shift and broadening of the lowest-frequency Eg Raman mode.


All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Single-blind Table 1 shows the evaluation aspects in the review process at The 3rd ICoGEE 2021. Several essential things in scientific articles are reviewed through this evaluation aspect, such as novelty, originality, clarity of methods and analysis, and their significance in science and technology. If an evaluation aspect has less than good quality, the reviewer provides suggestions for improvement, and the author must improve it or provide feedback. The reviewer will also offer recommendations such as: (i) accept without revision (if all aspects of the evaluation have exceptional score), (ii) accept with minor revision (if there are less than two evaluation aspects whose quality is below good), (iii) accept with major revision (if there are about 2 - 4 evaluation aspects that are below good quality), and (iv) reject (if more than four evaluation aspects have below good quality or are considered not to meet the essential requirements of scientific articles). • Conference submission management system: For official The 3rd ICoGEE 2021 webpage, we used: http://icogee.org, while for paper management system, we used Easy Chair: https://easychair.org/conferences/?conf=icogee2021 • Number of submissions received: 197 • Number of submissions sent for review: 197 • Number of submissions accepted: 114 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 57,86% • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 41 • Any additional info on review process: All papers had undergone plagiarism check (using Turnitin) and single-blind review by two reviewers • Contact person for queries: Name : Yuant Tiandho Affiliation : Department of Physics, Universitas Bangka Belitung Email : firstname.lastname@example.com / email@example.com


When 75Se, as selenite, is added to human blood it is rapidly taken up by the cells (50–70% within 1–2 min) and is then released into the plasma so that most of the radioactivity is in the plasma by 15–20 min. Uptake is inhibited by 10−3 M cyanide. The release of radioactivity from the cells is inhibited by 10−3 M para-chloromercuribenzoate and by 10−3 M iodoacetamide, although these agents do not affect uptake. Azide and 2,4-dinitrophenol (at 10−3 M) do not affect either process. Large quantities of sulfite, sulfate, and selenate (1000 times as much S or Se as 75Se) do not affect uptake or release, but large amounts of selenite (1000 times) inhibit release. The release rate follows first-order kinetics and increases with temperature. 75Se released from cells is bound by a plasma protein but can be removed from the protein by treatment with cysteine. Studies suggest that the released selenium is in an altered form or state, although this product has not been characterized. A hypothetical pathway for the m...


Per-oral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery. By CHEVALIEK JACKSON, M.D., Prof, of Laryngology, University of Pittsburg, etc. With 6 coloured plates and 490 other illustrations. The Laryngoscope Co., St. Louis, U.S.A., 1915. Chevalier Jackson was the author of the first complete guide in book form to endoscopy of the air-passages and upper food-passages; it appeared in 1907 and was entitled " Tracheo-bronchoscopy, (Esophagoscopy, and Gastroscopy." A long-announced second edition is at last forthcoming, bearing the title " Per-oral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery." The scope of the work has thus been extended by the inclusion of the external surgery of the larynx and trachea, which are not endoscopic procedures. The first part of the title is a happy and comprehensive one,as "Per-oral Endoscopy" comprises all methods of diagnosis and treatment carried out by endoscopes passed through the mouth, and therefore includes endoscopic pharyngoscopy, laryngoscopy, tracheoscopy, bronchoscopy, oesophagoscopy, and gastroscopy. It does not, however, include tracheoscopy and bronchoscopy performed through a tracheotomy wound, and it is interesting to note that Jackson has discarded these procedures since 1908. We shall refer to this point later, and here remark that not only does he discard the practice of what is usually known as lower bronchoscopy, but he also discards the terms " upper bronchoscopy" and " lower bronchoscopy" and substitutes those previously employed by an English writer, viz., " per-oral bronchoscopy " and " tracheotomic bronchoscopy." The latter method, though not favoured by Jackson and not comprised in the title, is nevertheless briefly alluded to by him in this work. On the other hand the subject of pharyngoscopy, which does come within the scope of the title, is not discussed in a separate chapter, and such inadequate references as are made to the subject are mixed up with laryngoscopy and oesophagoscopy. Moreover, recent improvements in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of the post-nasal pharynx by Yankauer's and Hayes' pharyngoscopes are practically ignored. The various methods of gastroscopy, again, are scarcely adequately dealt with. On the other hand we can only write in terms of the highest admiration and respect concerning this monumental record of the author's own clinical endoscopic work in the larynx, bronchi, and gullet.


Oxaliplatin is very effective in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer; however, severe neurotoxicity develops frequently that may remarkably affect patients' quality of life. To assess the influence of impaired creatinine clearance (Ccr) on oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy, a pilot study was performed. A total of 42 patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer treated at Taipei Veterans General Hospital were enrolled. Oxaliplatin (85mg/m^2, day 1 and 15), plus weekly bolus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 500mg/m^2) and folinic acid (FA; 20mg/m^2) on day 1, 8, and 15 were given every 28 days as first-line treatment. Patients should have normal pre-treatment liver and renal functions (total bilirubin<1.5mg/dl and creatinine<1.5mg/dl). Patients were divided into Ccr-impaired (60-80ml/min) and Ccr-fair (>80ml/min) groups according to 24-hour urinary Ccr levels. Twelve (28.6%) patients have an impaired Ccr (60-80ml/min) and the remainders (n=30) were Ccr-fair (>80ml/min). A significant correlation was identified in impaired Ccr and the severity of neurological symptoms (P=0.02), including 5 out of 12 (41.7%) patients with impaired Ccr accompanied by severe (grade 3 or 4) neuropathy, and 27 out of 30 (90%) patients with fair Ccr without developing severe neurological symptoms. However, there remained 3 patients with a fair Ccr who developed severe (grade 3 or 4) neuropathies, and 7 patients who showed an impaired Ccr without or with only mild neurological symptoms. No grade 3 or 4 non-neurological toxicity was seen in both groups of patients. We conclude that oxaliplatin at 85mg/m^2 every 2 weeks is well tolerated by patients with renal dysfunction. Ccr correlates well with the severity of neurological symptoms that may serve as a useful tool in predicting the severity of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy.


This paper analyzed and researched physical education curriculum evaluation system according to the principle of computer evaluation technique. The first part introduced the physical education curriculum evaluation system this thesis designed the function of the system. The second part of the paper established the mathematical model of the teaching model of physical education through a comprehensive fuzzy evaluation theory and introduced comprehensive fuzzy evaluation matrix form. The third part designed B/S and C/S joint framework model of computer evaluation of PE curriculum combined with comprehensive fuzzy evaluation mathematical model. Finally, this paper designed the Java programming language taking the evaluation of the students about physical education course for example and concluded the implementation form of the data structure table and designed the physical training computer evaluation system.


Governments often make early recommendations about issues that remain uncertain. Do governments' early positions affect how much people believe the latest recommendations? We investigate this question using an incentivized online experiment with 1,900 US respondents in early April 2020. We present all participants with the latest CDC projection about coronavirus death counts. We randomize exposure to information that highlights how President Trump previously downplayed the coronavirus threat. When the President's inconsistency is salient, participants are less likely to revise their prior beliefs about death counts from the projection. They also report lower trust in the government. These results align with a simple model of signal extraction from government communication, and have implications for the design of changing guidelines in other settings. *This paper previously circulated as "When Guidance Changes: Government Inconsistency and Public Beliefs." It also includes material that previously circulated in a draft titled "Public Inference from Crisis Policy: Evidence from the COVID-19." For helpful feedback, we thank Daron Acemoglu, Hunt Allcott, Abhijit Banerjee, Jonathan Cohen, Rebekah Dix, Esther Duflo, Ahmet Gulek, Lisa Ho, Andrei Shleifer, Evan Soltas, and particularly Amy Finkelstein and Frank Schilbach. We thank the MIT Shultz Fund for financial support. This work has been supported (in part) by Grant #2003-22443 from the Russell Sage Foundation. Any opinions expressed are those of the principal investigator(s) alone and should not be construed as representing the opinions of the Foundation. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 1122374. This study was approved by MIT's Committee on the Use of Humans as Experimental Subjects under exempt protocol #E2040 and was pre-registered at the AEA RCT Registry under ID AEARCTR-0005639. †Department of Economics, MIT: firstname.lastname@example.com. ‡Department of Economics, MIT: email@example.com. §Department of Economics, MIT: email@example.com.


This study was conducted to describe the major and the minor rDNA chromosome distribution in the spined loach Cobitis taenia (2n = 48) and the Danubian loach Cobitis elongatoides (2n = 50), and their laboratory-produced diploid reciprocal F1 hybrid progeny. It was tested by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) whether the number of 28s and 5s rDNA sites in the karyotypes of diploid hybrids corresponds to the expectations resulting from Mendelian ratio and if nucleolar organiser regions (NOR)were inherited from both parents or nucleolar dominance can be observed in the induced F1 hybrid progeny. Ten (females) or twelve (males) 28s rDNA loci were located in nine uniarm chromosomes of C. taenia. Two of such loci terminally bounded on one acrocentric chromosome were unique and indicated as specific for this species. Large 5s rDNA clusters were located on two acrocentric chromosomes. In C. elongatoides of both sexes, six NOR sites in terminal regions on six meta-submetacentric chromosomes and two 5s rDNA sites on large submetacentrics were detected. The F1 hybrid progeny (2n = 49) was characterised by the intermediate karyotype with the sites of ribosome synthesis on chromosomes inherited from both parents without showing nucleolar dominance. 5s rDNA sites were detected on large submetacentric and two acrocentric chromosomes. The observed number of both 28s and 5s rDNAs signals in F1 diploid Cobitis hybrids was disproportionally inherited from the two parental species, showing inconsistency with the Mendelian ratios. The presented rDNA patterns indicate some marker chromosomes that allow the species of the parental male and female to be recognised in hybrid progeny. The 5s rDNA was found to be a particularly effective diagnostic marker of C. elongatoides to partially discern genomic composition of diploid Cobitis hybrids and presumably allopolyploids resulting from their backcrossing with one of the parental species. Thus, the current study provides insight into the extent of rDNA heredity in Cobitis chromosomes and their cytotaxonomic character. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


In this communication, simulation studies of a borehole heat exchanger are worked out through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. A two dimensional (k-e) realizable turbulent model with standard wall function is used to evaluate the temperature variation along with depth of BHE, pitch optimization and to determine the effect of two dimensionless parameters as ratio of pitch to borehole diameter and ratio of borehole to pipe diameter. The predicted results are validated through experimental data; and statistical assessment shows a good agreement between simulated and experimental results. The tube air temperature is proportional to depth in cooling mode and BHE can decrease the temperature of air by 13-14°C when ambient temperature observed by 41°C. The optimised pitch for 8 inch borehole and 2 inch diameter U-tube is found to be 4 inch, however two U-tubes are recommended for enhanced performance. The effective borehole to tube diameter ratio is estimated by 4. The BHE system can be used for heating and cooling of buildings it is a feasible solution for sustainable development.


Background: Various populations of regulatory T cells play a central role in the development of peripheral tolerance to allergens. Culturing of CD4+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood of allergic patients with vitamin D induces the generation of stable IL-10 producing CD4+CD25+ Treg cells suppressing the proliferation of T helper cells obtained from the same patients. The immune regulatory role of vitamin D in allergic patients has been controversial and obviously needs a more clarifying research work. Aim of the work: to determine the percentage of induced T regulatory cells producing interleukin 10 after stimulation of T regulatory cells with cow milk allergen in the presence of vitamin D in culture. This aims to further in-vitro study the immune regulatory role of vitamin D in cow milk allergic patients. Results: there is association between decreased level of vitamin D and milk-allergy, as serum level of 25(OH) D3 was insufficient in 16 (80 %) patients (10- 29.9 ng/ml) while 4 (20%) patients were sufficient (30-100 ng/ml). Addition of  vitamin D, in culture, induces the production of CD4+ CD25hi Foxp3+ IL10+    .
Treg cells within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMNCs) isolated from allergic children who had insufficient vitamin D, but not in allergic children who had normal level of vitamin D.
Conclusion: this work provides further evidence for an important role of 1,25(OH)2D3 as an immune-modulatory molecule and suggests that supplementation of vitamin-D-deficient individuals, who are reported to have reduced numbers of circulating and Foxp3+ IL10+ Treg cells, may represent an attractive therapy for enhancing endogenous populations of Treg cells in allergy.


We demonstrate a numerical technique for registering multiple frames of point cloud data from an airborne 3D flash ladar system that we have designed, built, and flown. This technique stitches together ladar data even in the presence of inaccuracies in the line-of-sight pointing knowledge as well as instabilities in the time-of-flight clock frequency. The technique performs frame-to-frame in-track as well as cross-track stitching of multiple flight line data to create large area maps of urban areas and vegetation. Filters remove data with spurious range values and high intensity specular back flashes such as those from bodies of water. Signal averaging of nearly overlapping pixel data creates monolithic, wide area 3D maps that are geo-located and thus readily superimposable with other types of sensor data, such as hyperspectral images, for fused-data exploitations. The accuracy of the numerical technique used for stitching data from different target types, such as urban, vegetation, or bare earth, was studied. This analysis provides guidance for future improvements of algorithms used for registering airborne 3D flash ladar point cloud data sets.


These are two very stimulating and challenging books written by two Frenchmen. Vedrine was the French Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1998 to 2002, witnessing the shift from the more multilateral approach of Bill Clinton, which pursued an agenda of democratization and recognized the opportunities and challenges posed by globalization, to George W. Bush, who abandoned world opinion and sought to enforce democracy as a tool of the 'war on terror'. In contrast, Ranciere is a self-proclaimed '68er' from the political Left. Expertly translated, both write with a sense of wit and passion which makes their ideas instantly engaging. Verdine's book offers a provocative, and highly readable, overview of world politics since the fall of the Berlin Wall. It is clear that he liked President Clinton, who he believes had an 'exceptional sense of global political realties' which he claims is 'a rare quality among American political leaders' (p. 6). This sense of reality he sees typifying the Clinton administration was challenged and eventually overtaken by the Republican Right and the 'Neocons' who crystallized their ideas in the first administration of George W. Bush, grafting onto 'Woodrow Wilson's democratic messianism . . . onto the nationalist American tradition of Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft.' (p. 9). Examples of this included the aggressive pursuit of the expansion of NATO in the name of democratization, whilst Iraq was invaded to remove a rogue regime and to act as a laboratory for democracy in the Middle East. Vedrine suggests that many in Europe, though opposed to Bush, shared this belief in the West's democratization mission. Indeed, Vedrine argues in France there was a historical legacy fuelling this, which he characterizes as the rehabilitation of the mission civilisatrice that had been used to justify colonization. Where they disagreed, however, was over the use of force, Europe, in general, favouring multilateralism and legitimacy, whilst America, under Bush at least, saw this as weakness or, at worst, as appeasement. But, their shared belief in the universal values in democracy remained strong – 'or rather the same illusions about their ability to bring it about from the outside'


Abstract This study investigated the effect of reading ability on graphically and con‐textually constrained oral reading errors of fourth‐grade readers at differing degrees of reading difficulty. Each subject's low, moderate, and high levels of difficulty were inferred from the frequency of their oral reading errors while reading a complete story written in six equal parts corresponding to readability levels one through six. Results indicated that better and poorer readers differed from each other in their attention to graphic and semantic cues. At low and high levels of difficulty, poorer readers were more strongly cued by graphic than contextual information, while better readers were more strongly cued by contextual than graphic information. At moderate levels of difficulty, no statistical differences were observed. In addition, both readers tended to alter their cueing strategies as they experienced increased difficulty: better readers increased attention to graphic cues while maintaining their focus o...


A control system for controlling a plurality of automatic working apparatuses for performing different types of specified operations, respectively, so as to produce different types of, but functionally the same, work units for different types of products has a first data memory, provided for each of the working apparatuses, which controls each working apparatus independently from the other so as to perform a specified operation and a second data memory sharing a common memory area of the first data memory which stores operation data indicating types of operations of the respective working apparatuses and governs the first data memories so as to transfer the operation data to the first data memories therefrom all at once, whereby causing the working apparatuses to perform the different types of specified operations so as to complete a work unit.


Print shows General Zachary Taylor on horseback, in midst of battle, pointing his sword toward artillery and says to "Capt. Bragg", who is standing before him, "A little more grape." The artillery is directed toward the left and the Mexican army is moving from left to right. Wounded soldiers are shown in the foreground; palm trees and the American Flag are on the right.
Title from item.
Signed and dated on stone on lower left: 1847 Cameron.
Publication date based on copyright statement on item.
No. 474.
Inscribed in ink on bottom: 128. Deposited in Clerks Office for So. Dist. of New York Nov. 11, 1847.
Currier & Ives : a catalogue raisonne / compiled by Gale Research. Detroit, MI : Gale Research, c1983, no. 3979
Forms part of: Popular graphic art print filing series (Library of Congress).


A fundamental task in news communication is the deep pursuit of news beauty.As far as the nature of news communication is concerned,an important feature lies in the agreement of communicators with audience on information choice.The deep pursuit of news beauty means fully representing the brilliance of humanity and times transcendality in the news information.Two kinds of brilliance of humanity exist in news beauty:the news figure's feelings of great love and the inspiration of the deep humanity showed by the news figures has brought to the andience.The deep pursuit of news beauty,while fully showing the brilliance of humanity,is required to fully show its times transcendality,namely,the effective communication of predictive news.


Abstract. Abnormal decrease in the ozonesonde sensor signal occurred during air-pollution study campaigns in November 2011 and March 2012 in Mexico City. Sharp drops around 5 km a.s.l. and above were observed in November 2011, and a broad deficit in the convective boundary layer in March 2012. Various circumstantial evidence indicates that the decrease was due to interference of SO2 gas to Electrochemical Concentration Cell (ECC) ozone sensors. The sharp drops in November 2011 are considered to be caused by the SO2 plume from the Popocatepetl volcano to the south-east of Mexico City. Response experiments of the ECC sensor to representative atmospheric trace gases showed that only SO2 could generate the observed abrupt drops. The vertical structure of the plume reproduced by a Lagrangian particle diffusion simulation also supported this assumption. The near-ground deficit in March 2012 is considered to be generated by the SO2 plume from the Tula industrial complex to the north-west of Mexico City. Sporadic large SO2 emission is known to occur from this region, and before and at the ozonesonde launching time, large intermittent peaks of SO2 concentration were recorded at the ground-level monitoring stations. The difference between the O3 concentration obtained by ozonesonde and that by UV-based O3 monitor was consistent with the SO2 concentration measured by a UV-based monitor on the ground. The plume vertical profiles estimated by the Lagrangian particle diffusion simulation agreed fairly well with the observed profile. Statistical analysis of the wind field in Mexico City revealed that the Popocatepetl effect is most likely to occur from June to October, and the Tula effect all the year.


Summary: A case of cord entanglement involving the cord of twin 2 being around the neck of twin 1 is presented. The unusual feature of this case is that the twins were binovular, being male and female, refuting previous statements that for this complication to occur, the twins must be monoamniotic.


The present invention provides an antenna assembly and a wireless communication apparatus having the antenna assembly. The wireless communication apparatus comprises a body and a circuit board provided in the body, the antenna assembly includes a first radiator, a feeding end and a second radiator, the first radiator disposed on the body, provided at a first end of the feed and the radiator is electrically connected to the circuit board, the second radiation portion is exposed outside the body, disposed in the body portion and connected electrically to the first radiator resonance. The antenna assembly smaller footprint, higher antenna efficiency.


Species of the Gibasis linearis alliance collected in Mexico in 1976 are shown to have a chromosome constitution of x = 6, but x = 5 has also been found in some populations of G. rhodantha and G. speciosa. These two basic numbers are associated with distinctive karyotypes, 2M + 4A and 3M + 2A respectively, which show a Robertsonian relationship with each other. The existence of 2n = 22 in G. speciosa, combining both basic numbers at the amphidiploid level provides evidence of pairing between metacentrics and acrocentrics in such a way as to substantiate the view that fusion or fission of chromosomes is responsible for the modification of basic number. This survey provides a basis for other studies which will determine the chromosome relationships of the species irrespective of chromosome number in this family.


ECENT interest in 1-sorbose arises from its use in the chemical synthesis of vitamin C (I-ascorbic acid), since it is the configuratively correct starting material for the preparation of this important substance. The successful commercial production of d-sorbitol from glucose in the past few years has provided a ready source of this essential intermediate, but the biological conversion of d-sorbitol to &sorbose, the only practical method available, has been somewhat difficult to accomplish. This difficulty is chiefly due to inhepent disadvantages of the surface type of fermentation process which has been used in all previous studies on this problem. Bertrand (2) in 1896 first reported the formation of 2-sorbose from d-sorbitol by the action of the sorbose bacterium, now identified with Acetobacter xylinum. The oxidation of d-sorbitol to 2-sorbose by this and other species of Acetobacter was studied by Sazerac (IO), Boeseken and Leefers (a), Kluyver and deLeeuw (6), Bernhauer and Gorlich ( I ) , Maurer and Schiedt (Y), Fulmer et al. (e) , and others ( I d , I S ) . R


The so-called European migrant or refugee crisis, started in 2015, has marked the climax of an increasing European tension on the management of the external borders, tension that had been building up since the turn of the century. In this particularly turbulent period, civil society organizations (CSOs) lobbying for human and migrant rights have expanded their presence not only operatively at the land and sea borders of the European Union (EU) but also at the EU governance level. With the growing importance of agencies in the EU executive space in terms of competences and resources (i.e., agencification), advocacy groups have started to direct their advocacy efforts toward EU agencies, particularly in the Area of Freedom Security and Justice. The most controversial EU agency in this scenario is the 13-year-old agency Frontex, now called European Border and Coast Guard Agency, which is also where the presence of CSOs has become more substantial in terms of competences and ability to access information on the operational and strategic activity of the agency. The aim of this article is to establish how this relationship between Frontex and CSOs has developed over time and what has been the impact of this relationship on the agency on fundamental rights matters. This study addresses these two issues by, first, analyzing the CSOs represented within Frontex Consultative Forum (CF) on fundamental rights, their aims and lobbying strategies vis-à-vis Frontex; second, the evolution of their relationship with the agency and the rationale of their permanence within the CF; and, last, their impact on Frontex's understanding of fundamental rights. Considerations on advocacy activity outside of the CF are also presented by stressing the difference in ideology between organizations that decided to advocate for fundamental rights from within or outside Frontex.


We study the flux of small-scale magnetic helicity in simulations of driven statistically homogeneous magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in a periodic box with an imposed large-scale shear. The simulations show that in the regime of strong dynamo action the eddy-scale magnetic helicity flux has only two significant terms: advective motion driven by the large-scale velocity field and the Vishniac–Cho (VC) flux which moves helicity across the magnetic field lines. The contribution of all the other terms is negligible. The VC flux is highly correlated with the large-scale electromotive force and is responsible for large-scale dynamo action, while the advective term is not. The VC flux is driven by the anisotropy of the turbulence. We derive analytical expressions for it in terms of the small-scale velocity or magnetic field. These expressions are used to predict the existence and strength of dynamo action for different turbulent anisotropies and tested against the results of the simulations.


The peanut proteins were extracted from cold pressed and hot pressed peanut meal in this work. Emulsifying properties of cross-linking between cold pressed peanut/hot pressed peanut and fish (Decapterus maruadsi) protein hydrolysates catalyzed by transglutaminase were investigated. Electrophoresis indicated that cross-linked proteins were formed in all the transglutaminase-treated samples, and the susceptibility of cold pressed peanut or hot pressed peanut subunits to transglutaminase was enhanced by addition of the (Decapterus maruadsi) protein hydrolysates. For the cross-linked cold pressed peanut-(Decapterus maruadsi) protein hydrolysates and hot pressed peanut-(Decapterus maruadsi) protein hydrolysates protein conjugates, the surface area mean diameter d32, volume mean diameter d43, creaming index, and instability decreased after TGase treatment. Besides, the addition of (Decapterus maruadsi) protein hydrolysates could remedy the disadvantage of essential amino acids (e.g., Thr, Met, and Lys) deficiency in cold pressed or hot pressed peanut. For cold pressed peanut or hot pressed peanut, transglutaminase treatment had no effect on the emulsifying activity but the emulsion stability was improved.


Hoarseness due to Singer's Nodes—Sir JAMES DUNDASGRANT, K.B.E., M.D.—Gradual recovery under rest of voice (restriction to pure whisper) and Curtis's humming exercises. The clinically inflamed tonsils were also removed. The President emphasised the importance of lessons in voice production, and instanced a case occurring in a music hall singer ; the hoarseness had been cured by this means alone without rest of the voice.


Purpose

To explain a new set of rules, detailed in FINRA Regulatory Notice 17-30, proposed by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) and approved by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), that revise and streamline the number and types of proficiency exams broker-dealer personnel must take in order to become registered, as well as the categories of registration.

Design/methodology/approach

Discusses the background, including FINRA's consolidation of National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) rules; the new registration regime; conditions for waivers; criteria for "permissive" registration; firms' requirement to designate "Principal Financial Officers" and "Principal Operations Officers"; new categories of principal registration; FINRA's elimination of certain registration categories; research analyst, research principal and supervisory analyst exam requirements; the ability of a registered representative to function as a principal for a limited period; the prohibition of unregistered persons to accept orders from customers; and the Securities Industry Essentials (SIE) Examination Content Outline.

Findings

The new structure is intended to bring greater consistency and uniformity to the qualification process. Among other changes, it eliminates several registration categories that either have become outdated or have limited utility, permits persons not yet associated with a broker-dealer or employed in the securities industry to take a preliminary registration exam prior to entering the securities industry, and makes other changes intended to modernize the registration and examination regime for broker-dealer personnel.

Originality/value

Practical guidance from lawyers with broad stock brokerage, investment management and related financial services experience.


3-hydroxy-3-methyl-coenzyme A synthase(HMGS) gene is one of the important point and key enzyme gene in the biosynthesis of camptothecin with genetic engineering metabolic regulation techniques.Methyl-jasmonic(MJ) is commonly used as chemical elicitor in plant secondary metabolic engineering,has regulation effect on synthesis and accumulation of active secondary metabolites.This experiment observed the regulation effect of 10 mg/L methyl jasmonic on gene expression effects of HMGS.Experimental results showed:Dealing with axes,HMGS gene expression reached its peak after 12 hours,while dealing with the cotyledons,methyl jasmonic acid inhibited the expression of HMGS gene.


Deriving the extent of areas affected by wildfires is critical to fire management, protection of the population, damage assessment, and better understanding of the consequences of fires. In the past two decades, several algorithms utilizing data from Earth observation satellites have been developed to detect fire-affected areas. However, most of these methods require the establishment of complex functional relationships between numerous remote sensing data parameters. In contrast, more recently, deep learning has found its way into the application, having the advantage of being able to detect patterns in complex data by learning from examples automatically. In this article, a workflow for the detection of fire-affected areas from satellite imagery acquired in the visible, infrared, and microwave domains is described. Using this workflow, the fire detection potentials of four sources of freely available satellite imagery were investigated: the C-SAR instrument on board Sentinel-1, the multispectral instrument on board Sentinel-2, the sea and land surface temperature instrument on board Sentinel-3, and the MODIS instrument on board Terra and Aqua. For each of them, a single-input convolutional neural network based on the well-known U-Net architecture was trained on a newly created dataset. The performance of the resulting four single-instrument models was evaluated in presence of clouds and in clear conditions. In addition, the potential of combining predictions from pairs of single-instrument models was investigated. The results show that fusion of Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 data provides the best detection rate in clear conditions, whereas the fusion of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data shows a significant benefit in cloudy weather.


Volatile organic compound (VOCs) emissions from laser surgery and electrosurgery were evaluated using a multisorbent sampler and capillary gas chromatograph system (GC). The experiments were carried out by vaporization of different tissues (liver, muscle, skin) under standardized conditions by use of CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers. As comparison the VOCs produced with an electrocauter surgical unit were investigated. With the use of a described sample and analyzer train a mixture of about 150 VOCs has been obtained. Up to now 15 substances have been identified as non-aromatic aldehydes, nitrils and aromatic hydrocarbons. The studies focus on quantitative results for these identified components. By use of the Toluene production the dependence of the emitted concentration on parameters as wavelength, power density, total energy applied, and tissue type can be shown.


The superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source VENUS[1] has been designed for the dual purpose of providing ion beams to the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and serving as the prototype source for the proposed Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) project. For both projects the goal is the production of high current beams, with the former requiring these high current beams to be composed of highly charged ions and the latter medium charged ions. In order to better understand the performance of the beam transport system and to aid as a guide in the future design of the transport system for RIA, a concentrated simulation effort was initiated in parallel with the commissioning and testing of the VENUS source. There are a number of complicating factors that necessitate simulation to improve understanding of the VENUS transport system. The formation of the beams takes place in a region of high magnetic field (up to 3 Tesla) which falls to zero over the first 40cm of beam travel. This fringing field induces both a rotation of the beam about its longitudinal axis and transverse emittance growth. Both of these effects are highly dependent on the charge-to-mass ratio of the transported ions, and a typical beam may be composed of upwards of thirty species. Further, transport is performed with a relatively large beam diameter to reduce space charge effects along the system. As a result, a large-gapped analyzing dipole with a complex pole face geometry was designed whose field must be treated three-dimensionally. In the past year two particle-in-cell codes, Impact[2] and Warp[3], have been enhanced so that each is now capable of simulating the VENUS beam transport system from the extraction region, through a solenoid lens and the analyzing magnet, and on to the diagnostic region. Developing the codes in parallel allowed for benchmarking of the codes against one another prior to a systematic simulation effort. Tests between the codes show very good agreement, and comparisons of the simulations with experimental data are now underway. One of the more simple beams that can be produced by VENUS is an oxygen beam, which is mainly composed of the eight ionization states of oxygen and hydrogen. Figure 1 shows simulation results of through the first 25cm of the beam line using an experimentally measured beam current spectrum for a 1.3 mA oxygen beam. The varied gyromagnetic wavelengths for the different ions are evident in the figure. Simulations performed elsewhere have been found to require significant space charge neutralization in order to match experimental results[4]. As an initial test of the importance of space charge along the VENUS beam transport system, two sets of simulations were performed: in the first one the space charge was turned off completely from immediately after the extraction region (z=0.25m) to the analysis region (z=3.5m), and in the second one no space charge neutralization along this length was used.


There is a high CO content in gas generated by Shell gasifier.The CO shift process with high steam to carbon ratio have no methanation reaction taking place,but steam consumption is high.The application in Henan Kaixiang Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd shows that low steam to carbon ratio shift process with sulfur tolerance catalyst is more suitable for Shell gas.


This paper reviews the general problems attendant on the transmission of bulk energy and the necessity for high-voltage test sets. It analyzes the specific nature of direct-potential testing of EHV cables, especially oil/paper dielectric types. It examines in detail the design concepts of the new test set, discussing the Insulating Core Transformer (ICT), a recent innovation which is the essential transformer/rectifier unit. The paper also reviews some of the problems and procedures utilities experience with the new supervoltage feeders now coming into prominence.


An analytic and numerical investigation is reported of the stability of the solution of a system of equations describing the interaction of four light waves in a medium where stimulated Brillouin scattering takes place under boundary conditions corresponding to a four-wave phase-conjugate mirror and a phase synchronizer. Ranges of stability against amplitude, phase, and polarization perturbations were obtained.


The analysis theory of gravimetric method is used for analyzing the experimental conditions in determining total sulfur in coal by Eschka method.It is introduced that the influencing factors and countermeasures for the accuracy of determining total sulfur by Eschka method.


Experimental data and empirical correlations for the total absorption of band groups at 15, 10.4, 9.4, 7.5, 5.2, 4.8, 4.3, 2.7, 1.6, and 1.4 μ are presented for carbon dioxide gas in nitrogen at total pressures from 0.5 to 10 atm, temperatures from 294° to 1390°K (530° to 2500°R) and mole fractions from 0.05 to 1.00. The data were obtained from low-resolution measurements of the spectral absorptivity. Use of optical paths of 129 cm at 294°K and 38.8 cm at that and higher temperatures resulted in a range of mass path lengths from 10 to 24 500 g/m2.


We present an overview of research at the CRPC designed to provide an e cient, portable programmingmodel for scienti c applications possessing both task and data parallelism. Fortran M programs exploit task parallelism by providing language extensions for user-de ned process management and typed communication channels. A combination of compiler and run-time system support ensures modularity, safety, portability, and e ciency. Fortran D and High Performance Fortran programs exploit data parallelism by providing language extensions for user-de ned data decomposition speci cations, parallel loops, and parallel array operations. Compile-time analysis and optimization yield e cient, portable programs. We design an interface for using a task-parallel language to coordinate concurrent data-parallel computations. The interface permits concurrently executing data-parallel computations to interact through messages. A key notion underlying the proposed interface is the integration of Fortran M resource management constructs and Fortran D data decomposition constructs. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation's Center for Research in Parallel Computation, under Contract CCR-8809615. 1


in excess of $15,000 for any covered period. The information required to be maintained is: (1) The name and address of the lobbyist/registrant or lobbyist/registrant PAC; (2) The employer of the lobbyist/registrant; and (3) The aggregate amount of bundled contributions forwarded by or received and credited to each lobbyist/registrant or lobbyist/registrant PAC by the reporting committee during the covered period. (g) Price index increase. (1) The threshold for reporting bundled contributions established in paragraph (b)(1) of this section shall be increased by the percent difference between the price index as defined at 11 CFR 110.17(d), as certified to the Commission by the Secretary of Labor, for the 12 months preceding the beginning of the calendar year and the price index for the base period. (2) Each contribution bundling threshold so increased shall be the threshold in effect for that calendar year. (3) For purposes of this paragraph (g), the term base period means calendar year 2006. (4) If any amount after the increases under this paragraph (g) is not a multiple of $100, such amount shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $100.


Based on a sample of 334 prospective preschool teachers(PPT),the present study investigated the relationship among career decision-making self-efficacy(CDMSE),school adaptation and their career indecision.The results showed that CDMSE partially mediated the relationship between school adaptation and the career indecision.And goal selection,self-concept as well as self-appraisal in CDMSE had the partial mediating effect,but occupational information and academic achievement not.


The Chinese Dictionary is the most authoritative reference book of Chinese language,but there are some careless omissions and scarcities.Taking the ancient medical books of "Nei Jing" as vocabulary materials,the four shortcomings of The Chinese Dictionary,i.e.missing of meaning items,lag of documented evidence,shortage of illustrations and absence of lemmas,are pointed out and corrected in this paper.The study is valuable for revising and improving The Chinese Dictionary.


Abstract Examination of the non‐exchangeable K (K nex ) supplying power of selected Pallic soils of the North and South islands, New Zealand, revealed a wide variation in the measured reserve K (K c ) values. A glasshouse pot trial showed that the supply of K nex to ryegrass grown on 13 North Island Pallic soils ranged from 0 to 409 mg kg‐1 and from 33 to 353 mg kg‐1 on 6 South Island Pallic soils. There were lower levels of K nex supply in developed soils that had been used for agriculture compared with corresponding undeveloped soils for the South Island soils. The results have implications for the fertiliser models that are used in New Zealand to assist prediction of the fertiliser K requirements of pastures.


A new freight delivery system based on automated vans is presented. Vans travel in platoons, whose first vehicle is driven and the others are driverless, during large part of their delivery routes. Each platoon moves from the Urban Distribution Centre (UDC) to a dedicated location close to the city centre, where the platoon is split up. At the split up location, the driver gets off the first van and each van of the platoon, independently from the others, carries out the last part of its delivery route moving without any driver. Meanwhile, the driver moves to another split up location or to the UDC, where a driver is needed. After completing their deliveries, vans return to the same split up location and gather again in a platoon; a driver accesses the first vehicle, then the platoon returns to the UDC. A methodology to design the proposed transport system has been developed. The methodology comprises two routing algorithms to optimise: platoon routes from the UDC to split up locations; single van routes from split up locations to receivers and return; and a microsimulator to assess, heuristically, the number of vehicles needed to operate the system and the schedule of driver activities.


The autoimmune enteropathy, coeliac disease (CD), is triggered by ingestion of gluten‐containing grains. We recently reported that the chemokine receptor CXCR3 serves as a receptor for specific gliadin peptides that cause zonulin release and subsequent increase in intestinal permeability. To explore the role of CXCR3 in the immune response to gliadin, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both patients with CD and healthy controls were incubated with either pepsin‐trypsin‐digested gliadin or 11 α‐gliadin synthetic peptides in the presence or absence of a blocking anti‐CXCR3 monoclonal antibody. Supernatants were analysed for interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐13, IP‐10 (CXCL10), tumour necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ. Gliadin broadly induced cytokine production irrespective of the clinical condition. However, IL‐8 production occurred only in a subgroup of individuals and cells of the phagocytic lineage were the main source. Induction of IL‐8 was reproduced by one of a comprehensive panel of synthetic α‐gliadin peptides and was abrogated when CXCR3 was blocked before stimulation with either gliadin or this peptide in the CD group but not in the control group, suggesting that gliadin‐induced IL‐8 production was CXCR3‐dependent gliadin induced IL‐8 production only in CD.


The views on health have gained a broader perspective today, so that according to these views, in addition to economic factors, non-economic factors (political, cultural and social ones) also affect health expenditures. Therefore, in this study the effect of 9 economic and non-economic indicators (indicators of good governance and resources curse) on the level of health expenditures in different income classes was studied using the XLSTAT software. The results of this study revealed that, indicators of inflation and employment (economic factors) most accounted for variations of health expenditures in different income classes. Also, it was revealed that economic and non- economic factors in higher and lower income deciles increased healthcare spending and in the middle deciles it had a negative impact on this expenditure; however, according to the authors, the positive nature of effect of factors on upon low and high deciles is different. From the view of researchers, in the lower deciles increased spending was generally due health problems (essential goods), but in higher income deciles increase in expenses was generally due to increased spending on health and beauty (luxury). According to the results, it was observed that variables of employment, economic growth and political stability in different income classes had a negative impact on health expenditures and other indicators had positive impact on health spending in income deciles. In other words, based on the results, real variables (growth and employment) had more effect than monetary variables (inflation) and non-economic variables (indicators of good governance and resource curse) on reducing health care costs among different income classes. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n4S2p203


In the architecture of large screen display system, the graphic workstation is mainly used as the carrier to project the display content on the graphic workstation to the large screen through the splicing controller. When the graphic workstation fails, it will directly affect the display content and effect of the large screen. This paper proposes a disaster recovery scheme for the graphic workstation that is most prone to failure in the large screen system architecture. When the graphic workstation fails, the software method is used to switch the screen content and data transmission channel of the failed graphic workstation to the standby graphic workstation, so as to ensure that the failure can be automatically shielded in the shortest time and the large screen can quickly return to the normal display state.


This study aims to determine the improvement of student  learning outcomes on the material of one-variable linear equation and inequalities system by applyning the cooperativ types STAD model. The subjects in the study were all eighth grade students of SMP Kristen Tounwawan with a total of 25 students. This research is a Classroom Action Research with the teacher acting as a teacher acting as a teacher and lasts for 3 cycles. Data was collected using tests and observations. The data analysis technique uses quantitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The results of the analysis showed that there was an increase in student learning outcomens from the first cycle, 20% (5 students) who achieved the KKM 60 to the second cycle 48% (12 students) who reachd the KKM 60 and the cycle, 100% (25 students) who reach KKM . From the results obtained, the coopeative learning model of the material of a two-variable linear equation system.


In the present work we have studied the static (film structure and elasticity) and dynamic characteristics (surface dilatational properties) of b-lactoglobulin (bLG) monolayers spread at the air–water interface in the presence of polysaccharides in the aqueous phase, at 20 8C and at pH 7. The measurements were performed on a fully automated Wilhelmy-type film balance. As polysaccharides with interfacial activity we have used propylene glycol alginates (PGA). To evaluate the effect of the degree of PGA esterification and viscosity, different commercial samples were studied-kelcoloid O (KO), kelcoloid LVF (KLVF) and manucol ester (MAN). Xanthan gum (XG) and l-carrageenan (lC) were studied as non-surface active polysaccharides. The results reveal a significant effect of surface active and non-surface active polysaccharides on static—when the polysaccharide was added in the subphase the p-A isotherms shifted to higher surface pressure values as the time increased-and dynamic—the presence of polysaccharide in the aqueous phase decreased the surface dilatational modulus of a pure b-lactoglobulin monolayer-characteristics of b-lactoglobulin monolayers. To explain the observed effects three phenomena were taken into account: (i) the ability of the polysaccharide to adsorb at the interface by it-self and to increase the surface pressure, (ii) the interfacial complexation of the polysaccharide with the adsorbed protein and (iii) the existence of a limited thermodynamic compatibility between the protein and polysaccharide, depending on the protein-polysaccharide system. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) add support to efficient treatment modalities of superficial and early stage cancer. Recently 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a precursor of hemoglobin in the hem biosynthetic pathway, was used to stimulate endogenous porphyrin production. The time dependency of 5-ALA induced porphyrin fluorescence has been investigated on several normal tissues as well as on a tumor in an in-vivo tumor model (human gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma Grade II, UICC IIa). 5-ALA has been administered intravenously at a concentration of 50 mg/(kg bw). With respect to a certain time schedule the animals were sacrificed and 12 different organs as well as the tumor were removed. Using laser-induced fluorescence techniques the emission spectra in the range of (lambda) equals (550-750) nm were detected from the tissues after excitation with light of the wavelength (lambda) equals (411 +/- 4) nm. For quantitative evaluation the integral fluorescence intensity at (lambda) equals (635 +/- 2) nm of the porphyrin specific spectra has been determined. All tissues showed porphyrin fluorescence, while brightest fluorescence has been detected from the tumor. With respect to the other tissues the relative tumor selectivity showed a maximum ratio at 406 h post injection. The kinetics of the porphyrin fluorescence intensity of the organs follow different time dependencies. Simple mathematical pharmacokinetic models are developed and discussed.


The concept of epithermal electron scavenging, as known in the gas phase and in the case of high-mobility electron scavenging in nonpolar liquids, has been applied to the case of a high concentration of specific scavenger in a polar liquid. The conditions for epithermal electron scavenging exist in the system at an early stage of radiation action, in the time domain of the high-frequency dielectric constant. Radiolysis of ethanolic solutions of chlorobenzene has been studied, where the Cl/sup -/ ion yield represents the measure of dissociative attachment of both solvated electrons and their precursors. The contribution of the former species can be suppressed by addition of suitable secondary scavengers. The relevance of the gas-phase electron scavenging to early events in the radiolysis of liquids and the specificity of electron scavenging by chlorobenzene are discussed.


The paper presents methods for practical punctured LDPC codes that are either regular or irregular at small block lengths (a few thousand bits). The suggested designs use small sub-matrices to generate code words. The variable code rate is achieved by deciding the mount of puncturing based on the smallest number of '1'. The use of patterned sub matrices greatly reduces the memory requirement for coding and puncturing.


The back-broadly millennium is in the of bombard grant-in-advance witnessing serious opponent in the thick of the laic as broadly as the intercontinental throw away. Concise abominate adept-bodied Acquaintanceship Government is enduring emerging as a camp monogram, prowl organizations great are adopting to furnish and keep off organizational familiarity, for practicable romance justify. In this planet of channel alteration, we endeavor to inaugurate avant-garde approximately and ideas finish. We genuine deviate by breathless at what we cognizant, and imposition it to what we annihilate moan on thither sides of the two cognizant.


Objective To summarize the experience in surgical therapy for spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage.Methods The data of thirteen patients with spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage,hospitalized and treated surgically in our department from October 1999 to December 2008,,were retrospectively analyzed and summarized in combination of reviewing the literature reports.Results Ten patients underwent hematoma evacuation by suboccipital craniectomy,nine of them with preceding extra-ventricular drainage;three patients underwent ventricular drainage only.The maximum diameter of hematoma of the ten patients with hematoma evacuation was all more than 40mm.All the 133 patients were followed for 3 months to 2 years.There were eight patients whose Glasgow Out-come Scale (GOS) was 4 or 5,one patient whose GOS was 3;one patient who left the hospital voluntarily,and three patients who died.One of the three patients with cardiopulmonary failure had a good recovery.Conclusion Surgical treatment is of effect for cerebellar hemorrhage.It is necessary for the patients with a cerebellar hematoma of 40mm or more,and a patient with cardiopulmonary failure is not contraindicative for surgery.


After implementing a new nursing care delivery system, evaluating its outcomes is essential. An evaluation process answers key questions: (1) Were planned outcomes achieved? (2) Were the users satisfied? (3) Does the delivery system need to be modified?


Abstract 25 hospitalized mental patients, chiefly with schizophrenic diagnoses, were tested in group sessions for hypnotic susceptibility. The hypnotic induction and the susceptibility tests were part of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (Shor & Ome, 1962), a scale which has been standardized on a nonpsychiatric population. Observers scored the patients behavior, and the patients themselves filled out self-report forms. Contrary to some reports in the literature, the average hypnotic susceptibility of these patients was similar to that of normals. Self-reports of their behavior during the hypnosis session were significantly correlated with observer ratings, but less highly than has been reported for normals.


The general purpose of this paper is, towards municipal source knowledge, to study Treasury incidence of Cortes council, designed by King Martin of Aragon in the city of Valencia between 1401 and 1407. Cortes books of account register some files related to complaints about the Cortes meeting (embassies and aids to the king...), wages (receivers, notary public, bailiffs...), the Cortes development (documents copy and shipment, reading of fueros and other local laws...) and other expenses (city entrance party games, tips to royal officials...). Negotiation, approval and distribution of Cortes economical donation they all also allow approximating us to the city of Valencia´s role inside or against Treasury Department (State Exchequer).


This paper reports on the first study of the structure of the Mini-IPIP in Thailand. A modified version was used that included additional Honesty-Humility items. A four-factor structure was found in a Southern Thai community sample (N=212), that did not match previously reported factor structures. When using a separate student sample (N=201), the structure was partially replicated.  Two socially oriented dimensions (Social Approach versus Social Withdrawal; Traditional Affiliation), Neuroticism, and a broad Egotism factor capturing low Humility and low Conscientiousness items, emerged. The trait structure in this non-Western sample shows some meaningful divergence from standard five-factor models, suggesting possible cultural modulation of basic personality descriptions.


In this paper,epoxidized natural rubber latex used for coating rubber base fabric which made of systhetic fiber such as polyester fiber、nylon、vinylal cotton、polyester cotton was introduced.The adhesive property between treated base fabric and rubber was also evaluated.


Agro wastes are vast abundant raw material whose potential is still under-utilized. Availability and biodegradability are a few features of these materials for utilization. The present study was aimed at exploiting the option of utilizing maize cob for remediation of industrial effluent. Maize cob was collected, pulverized and sieved into 150 – 300 μm particle size. The carbonized materials obtained were then characterized using Energy Dispersive Xray (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for elemental and surface morphology determination. Standard solutions of Cr and Pb ion solution were prepared. The cob were used to treat effluent under the following conditions: agitation time (30 – 150 min), adsorbent dosage (0.5 – 2.5 g), metal ion concentration (5 – 25 ppm) and particle size effect. From the result, 90 % and 38 % removal efficiency were obtained for Pb and Cr ions solution respectively. The potential of maize cob was established for the treatment of lead polluted


Based on the optimization of the respective internal elements of artificial language and natural language, their positive factors are reintegrated to make the two information retrieving languages develop into a unity, which is the unavoidable tendency of this language development.


The invention belongs to the design technology for an electric motor controller and relates to improvement of an overcurrent protection circuit for a controller of a brushless direct current motor. The overcurrent protection circuit is characterized by consisting of a current sensor N, a comparator U1, an amplifier U2, a diode D, a capacitor C1 and resistors R1 to R9. The overcurrent protection circuit has the advantages that the overcurent protection precision is high, the high-peak current high-frequency interference signals can be effectively inhibited, the mistake protection is prevented, and the normal operation of the brushless direct current motor is ensured.


This paper analyzes the impact of the variation of coal proportion on flying-ash erosion in heating surface at the rear of coal-fired boiler.By texting the erosion of the hot-state of the ash after burning the mixed coal of Shenmu coal and Datong coal in the 4 proportions of 1∶0,3∶1,2∶1,2∶2,it is found that the relation of ash rate to erosion rate is nonlinear,that is,the erosion rate cloes not increase with the increase of the proportion of the higher ash rate coal.


History has proved that the Miao nationality believes in ghosts and witchcraft.Its ghost-god worship falls into various sub-worships with their own traits like the multi-soul worship,god-ghost combination worship,multi-god worship,the worship of the first ancestor Chiyou and totem god Panhu with some prominent witchcraft color.As the cultural prototype,the essence of the ghost-god worship is "the origin of the Miao's spirit ".A modern interpretation of the ghost-god worship of the Miao nationality should rely on the Marxist view of religion with Chinese characteristics.


A novel bar-type piezoelectric motor is proposed and its working principle is described. The mechanics equations of any meshing teeth at different positions on the internal profile of the fixed rigid gear are deduced. The force changes applied to the movable teeth by the flexible ring, the rotor and the rigid gear are investigated. The deformation and stress equations of the meshing tooth under the forces from the flexible ring, the rotor and the rigid gear are derived on the basis of the space semi-infinite body elastic theory. Changes of forces and stress along with the system parameters are analyzed. The research results could be used for the load-carrying capability and dynamics analysis of the motor.


Optical Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain and temperature sensors were embedded into four carbon/epoxy, filament-wound 5.75' diameter Standard Testing and Evaluation Bottles (STEBs). These sensors were used to monitor temperature and strain during cure and pressurization of the pressure vessels. Preliminary to this work, micrographs were made of embedded fiber, showing good incorporation of the fiber into the material and no degradation of the optical fiber's acrylate coating. A survey was also made of different ingress/egress techniques to protecting the fiber as in enters the bottle and preventing attenuation and power fluctuation, with Tefzel tubing proving to be the most effective method. The FBGs were embedded parallel to the reinforcing fibers, in the hoop and helical directions, and also in the axial direction. The sensors showed close agreement with surface-mounted Resistance Strain Gages (RSGs),as well as finite element modeling. Sensors in the hoop direction embedded at mid-cylinder showed the closest agreement (-1.2%), while agreement for hoop- direction sensors embedded near the ends of the bottle (11%) was not as close. The agreement was also better for helically directed sensors embedded at mid-cylinder (-1.6%?) than for those embedded near the ends (-24%). Some preliminary impact testing was conducted that indicated FBG sensors would be appropriate for sensing impact damage.


The purpose of the experiment was to determine the changes of o- diphenol, ascorbic acid, and activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, accompanied with the browning by the low dose of gamma ray, in three parts of tuber tissue (cortex, vascular bundle, and pith), and to observe the relation between the browning and the changes of ihose compounds and enzyme activities. The odiphenol content increased in irradiated tabers and the increasing rate was greater in cortex and vascular bundle than in pith. The ascorbic acid content decreased with higher doses, and the decreasing rate was greater in cortex and vascular bundle than in pith. The activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase also increased in irradiated tubers. The activity of polyphenol oxidase increased more in cortex than in vascular bundle and pith and the activity of peroxidase increased more in vascular bundle than in cortex and pith. ln the potato tubers in which irradiation was conducted immediately after harvest, the browning was induced within several days after irradiation. However, in the potato tubers in which irradiation was conducted about 3 months, the browning did not occur after irradiation. The former showed the increase of o-diphenol content and the activities of thesemore » enzymes, and the decrease of ascorbic acid content, the latter did not show the changes of o-diphenol and ascorbic acid and activities of the enzymes. (auth)« less


This article analyses the role of foreign aid to the development of African countries with particular focus being given to Zimbabwe. The paper also unravels the foreign aid debates, highlighting both the positives and negatives that surround this highly contentious phenomenon. It is argued in this paper that foreign aid has been shrouded in paradoxically ambivalent standpoints. Of note is the fact that there is hardly any consensus as to what foreign aid does to the development in Africa. In fact, two critical questions have been asked: Is foreign aid really a panacea to Africa's development catastrophe? Is foreign aid really cancerous to Africa's development?. This article addresses these questions in detail. While it is a brutal fact that foreign aid can undermine sustainable development with its stringent conditionalities, it can simultaneously be a necessary evil in certain circumstances, especially during times of crises. This paper draws largely on the Zimbabwean experiences with foreign aid in interrogating the foreign aid – sustainable development nexus. The paper builds on the existing body of literature on foreign aid debates pertaining to how the provision of foreign aid impact on sustainable development in Africa. In making a critique of foreign aid, I resorted to a rigorous review of literature and content analysis of secondary sources related to foreign aid.


Compared with the conventional hexagonal cellular network structure, Poisson-Voronoi tessellated (PVT) random cellular network models can better capture the topology of real cellular networks. However, the random cellular network models are often complicated to analyze. To overcome this gap, in this paper we propose to analyze the performance of PVT random cellular networks using Markov chains. Using this technique, the blocking probability and the area spectral efficiency (ASE) models are obtained. Numerical results are demonstrated which show that our proposed techniques are effective approaches to evaluate the performance of random cellular networks.


The literature on multiaccess communications has traditionally treated "network-layer" issues such as source burstiness, network delay, and buffer overflow, apart from "physical layer" issues such as channel modeling, coding, and detection. The recent work of Telatar and Callager (1995) sought to bridge this unfortunate division. We extend this line of inquiry by examining a multiaccess communication scenario where users' packets arrive randomly into separate queues and transmission rates are allocated from the information-theoretic multiaccess capacity region based on the respective users queue states. In the symmetric case, a longer-queue-higher-rate allocation strategy is shown to minimize the average system delay of packets. Such a policy can be interpreted in the coding context as adaptive successive decoding.


For the purpose of analysis reasons of the blow hole of 2507 duplex stainless steel,metallurgical microscope and SEM were used.The results show that,the blow hole of 2507 stainless steel is caused mainly by two reasons.One reason is that the water of refractory material of pouring basket.The water of refractory material resolves into[O]and[H]atoms,[H]precipitation during solidification is one of the sources of the blow hole in the continuous cast slab.On the other hand,the nitrogen content in molten steel is too high,the nitrogen solubility in liquid steel decreases sharply when solidification,nitrogen in molten steel generates from precipitation,then the irregular shape of the nitrogen hole is produced.So,the blow hole of hydrogen and nitrogen are the major causes of blow hole of continuous casting slab.


The agenda for science education is ambitious but essential. We must commit ourselves to achieving the vision of the National Science Education Standards. The principal will play a critical role in support ing the changes that reflect that vision.


A novel double DC SQUID device has been developed. It consists of two SQUIDs in a cascade configuration with the same electrical parameters but with a different geometry. This structure makes the device particularly suitable for flux-locked-loop operation without need for modulation flux. Consequently the readout electronic scheme is greatly simplified without degrading the noise performance of the first stage. The first DC SQUID has a gradiometer configuration with extra damping resistors shunting the inductance. The technology used is similar to the seven-layer IBM process with planar Nb-Nb/sub 2/O/sub 5/-PbAuIn junctions and 2.5- mu m minimum size lithography.


This study used a correlational design to examine the contribution of university students' task understanding and self-efficacy to performance on a grade-bearing course assignment. Participants were 38 undergraduate students enrolled in a first-year elective course. Task understanding for explicit, implicit, and contextual task features was measured using a forced-choice task analyzer quiz and an adapted version of the Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire (Schommer, 1990). Self-efficacy for explicit, implicit, and contextual task features was assessed on a self-efficacy for performance scale. Final grade on a major course assignment was used as a measure of task performance. Results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that task understanding significantly predicted task performance and task understanding moderated the influence of self-efficacy on task performance. Findings may help to bridge these disparate lines of research and provide support for Winne & Hadwin's (1998) model of self-regulated learning. Practical implications for facilitating university students' success in their academic tasks are discussed.


Background: Women's activity in many social and religious events necessitates them to have their menstruation suppressed, including in yearly Hajj rites for Muslim women. According to the Islamic religious set-ups, Muslim women must be physically and morally clean during the Hajj rites in Mecca. In this research, the efficiency and side effects of extended consumption of hormonal agents in Iranian women during the Hajj rites in Mecca were examined. Methods: The retrospective cross-sectional study involved a sum of 212 participants of pilgrim women recruited from 30 Sep. to 4 Nov. 2013, already prescribed with different types of hormonal agents for 35 - 36 days. Thereafter, they were assessed by question-naires for the sake of success and side effects throughout the approach. Results: Out of 212 subjects, 161 (75.9%) had experienced menstrual delay during Hajj rites with no spotting. Women taking combined oral contraceptives within the first half of their menstrual cycle had a significant postponement of menstrual bleeding. Conclusions: Majority of the pilgrim women who completed the Hajj rites thoroughly with no spotting were satisfied with the extended consumption of hormonal agents.


nd N aure of CH in om prison w ith Traitional Ctural Expssions 61 ince the end of the 1990s, the topic of genetic resources, traditional knowledge and folklore has entered the ambit of intellectual property discussion. There could be many reasons for the emergence of these new discussions. The most important reason behind it was that Western-style industries have increasingly used genetic resources and traditional knowledge, in a broad sense, being felt as belonging to indigenous peoples. In other words, the Western industry needed their resources and traditional knowledge in order to develop products and to exploit them in world markets. The climate of Western-style industries using the resources and knowledge of the indigenous people already appeared by Western researchers and artists or musicians in the 19 century and the extent of those resources and knowledge being in use nowadays are becoming vast. In other words, the attempts of the Western industry to acquire traditional knowledge were caused by globalisation of the market which obliged the industry to compete more severely and shorten the production cycle. It will not be too much to say


Abstract In Elbasan steel plant a large quantity of dust is discharged into the environment by laterite fluidized bed calciner and the coal boiler for steam production. By means of radiotracers the erosion of the laterite in the fluidized bed calciner was estimated experimentally. Based on the experimental data a mathematical model has been constructed for the erosion, which permits calculation of the mass of the dust deriving from erosion when the granulometric composition of the mineral on entry to the calciner is known. The efficiency of two types of cyclones in laterite calciner and coal boiler, for three granulometric classes of laterite dust and coal-ash was studied. Ways for reducing the quantity of dust discharged into environment are proposed.


Surfactants have hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in their structures and are used as inexpensive industrial materials. Many detergents are being developed in the biochemical field. To dissolve certain proteins in cell membranes, so far found to be insoluble. Many surfactants have been used for this purpose since the 1970s, and nonionic surfactants have received special attention for their solubilizing capacity, ease of handling and less manufacturing cost. Not only solubilizing reagents but also many surfactants are used in other field as reagents. This review summarizes applications of surfactants in clinical and biomedical chemistry. In clinical chemistry, applications are as follows; 1) stabilizing reagent of enzymes or chromogenic reagents 2) denaturing reagent of lipoprotein bound to cholesterol in the serum and 3) hemolysis reagent. In biomedical chemistry, applications include solubilizing reagent for various intracellular fluorescent probes loaded in cells.


Context-based QA system is a leading research area in NLP. An automatic QA system that can respond to the answer, and which is related to the given context. A deep learning-based model provides a more factual result for today's QA system. Here we introduce a deep learning-based Seq2Seq model for Bengali context-based QA system using general knowledge dataset. Where context and question are part of the encoder and related answer is part of the decoder. All automatic system can discern any language by machine translation. Sequence wise learning is a good solution for those types of automatic system learning. Input tokens are encoded by the encoder and output tokens are decoded by the decoder. Each sequence is stored in LSTM cell that maintains the sequence of input and output. Most of the AI system is developed in different languages. Compared with other languages the Bengali language needs to expand research this field. The major perspective of this research to develop an AI based QA system for the Bengali language. For experiment total, two thousand Bengali general knowledge data is used that also provides a dataset for Bengali QA system. In the dataset, the context contains the main feature for the question. After training our model it gives 99 % accuracy for this dataset and 89% accuracy for validation. The trained model gives a good response in answer prediction.


Social distancing, isolation, stress, and fear in the times of the COVID-19 pandemic are factors that trigger or exacerbate mental health conditions. Further to this, mental health literacy is particularly relevant to secondary education as puberty is a common age of onset of mental disorders. Nevertheless, the topic is somewhat overlooked due to teaching challenges that involve potential emotional triggers, the complex and sensitive nature of the issue, as well as a limited pool of educational resources. Here, we propose a teaching micro-scenario that addresses the topic of mental health literacy via an interdisciplinary approach that promotes active learning. First, students are introduced to the neurobiology of mental disorders by means of engaging with interactive audiovisual materials and a 3D brain simulation. Then, students work on their statistics skills by calculating estimates on affected populations including the school community. Finally, art and creativity are employed to explore healing and public health. The evaluation of the proposed learning intervention is achieved in the form of plenary discussion.


The necessity of self-tuning and the characteristics of various frequency band selection LC VCO are analyzed. A new self-tuning LC VCO structure is proposed with a tuning range of 180MHz. The VCO is implemented in a 5-metal layer, 0.25μ m standard CMOS process. Power consumption of this VCO is about 14mW with 2.7V power supply and the phase noise on single sideband is lower than -110dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from center frequency 1.52GHz.


Smoking is an activity sucking and wafting smoke from mouth and nose by burning roll of tobacco name cigarette. Smoke from cigarette can be waft by other people near smokers. Almost research says, that smoking had bad effect for health and some research shows that smoking habbit can reduce working ability. This research, by using descriptive quantitative method try to describe smoking prevalencies at PGSD Trunojoyo University college student, describe their social economy charactertic and the impact to their economic and studies goals. The result of this research shows only nine percent PGSD College Student in Trunojoyo University had smoking habbit. If we compare with college student hadn't smoke, there are less alocated money for food and also for buying books for support they studies. They cummulatife prestation indexs (IPK) less than non smoking college student


A mosaic disease of squash (Cucurbita maxima) and pumpkin (C. moschata and C. Pepo) occurs extensively in the Kanto District in Japan. Its initial spmptoms consist of faint veinclearing and green leaf mottling, developing into a mosaic. The typical veinbanding with dark green raised areas is infrequently observed. The most conspicuous and spectacular symptom is the presence of filiform leaves, infected leaves are reduced to only the veinous system with patches of green mesophyll, followed by a severe distortion of leaves, especially when the plants have been infected in their early stage of growth.The virus isolated from squash was readily transmissible by mechanical inoculation with carborundum, or by aphids, viz. Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae, but not by cucumber beetle, Aulacophora femoralis. It was found to be seed-borne in a certain variety of squash, although the percentage of infection was low (0.6%).The virus was capable of infecting plants of 10 species in 2 families among 73 species in 25 families tested. Systemic infection was obtained on squash, pumpkin, cucumber, melon, oriental pickling melon (Cucumis Melo var. Conomon), white gourd (Benincasa hispida), white flowered gourd (Lagenaria leucantha) etc. Local necrotic spots was developed on Chenopodium album. From these results, the virus seems to be practically confined to the Cucurbitaceae. Accounts of the physical properties and identification of the virus will be given in the next paper.


This paper focuses on examining the influence of parental literacy status in the implementation of Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) for the development of motor skills in children with intellectual disabilities in India. The study aims to explore the potential impact of parental literacy on engagement, participation, and outcomes of DMT interventions, ultimately informing strategies to optimize therapy effectiveness. The research incorporates the use of the Behavioral Assessment Scales for Indian Children with Mental Retardation (Basic-MR, Part A) to assess the impact of parental literacy on the outcomes of DMT interventions.
Literacy status of parents, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India, can significantly affect various aspects of a child's development, including their access to education, healthcare, and therapies. However, there is limited research exploring the specific role of parental literacy in the context of DMT interventions for children with intellectual disabilities in India.
This study adopts a mixed-methods research design, combining quantitative measurements and qualitative insights. A sample of children with intellectual disabilities, aged between 7 and 15 years, will be recruited from special education schools from Odisha, India.  The DMT intervention will be carried out over a designated period, with trained dance movement therapists tailoring the sessions to meet the individual needs and abilities of the children. The impact of the intervention will be evaluated using the Behavioral Assessment Scales for Indian Children with Mental Retardation (Basic-MR, Part A), which provides a comprehensive assessment of motor skills including locomotor and object control skills. Quantitative data, including pre- and post-intervention assessments, will be analyzed to determine the influence of parental literacy on motor skill development outcomes.
This study aims to enhance our understanding of how parental literacy status influences the implementation of DMT and motor skill development in children with intellectual disabilities in India. By recognizing the impact of parental literacy and addressing potential challenges, the study aims to optimize the effectiveness of DMT interventions for children with intellectual disabilities. The findings will have practical implications for therapists, educators, policymakers, and other stakeholders involved in culturally sensitive intervention programs, promoting comprehensive motor skill development in children with intellectual disabilities in India.


Abstract : Army communication systems have several major limitations, including limited bandwidth, low throughput, dependence upon terrestrial line-of-sight, lack of full mobility and limited support for intelligence and imagery requirements. Additional requirements include low probability of intercept, jam resistant, multi-frequency systems and low power, weight and cost and small size. The purpose of this program was to address the fundamental limitations of these issues from an overall systems objective and develop appropriate modulation techniques, analog and digital devices and circuits in order to optimize the performance and significantly lower power consumption.


In this paper, we present the design and experimental results of a multi-layered microfluidic electromagnetic cell separation device. Our channel consists of top and bottom layers in order to separate magnetically labeled cells in the vertical direction. Rapid separation of magnetic beads in top and bottom channel can be used in high throughput screening to monitor the efficacy and drug compounds. The experiments using the device were carried out with 4.5μm magnetic bead and magnetic labeled Jurkat cell under electromagnetic field of 1.55mT. Without the magnetic field, the magnetic labeled cells started to flow from the bottom inlet and exit out of the bottom channel outlet. In the presence of the magnetic field, the cells started in bottom channel are attracted upward by the electromagnetic field and flow through the top layered. Finally, the labeled cells flow out the top channel outlet. The separation efficiencies of the multi-layer structured microfluidic channel showed more than 95%. We found that the multi-layer structured microfluidic channel was very effective in enhancing the separation. This microfluidic channel can be potentially applied to Labon-a-chip system because of its attractive features such as high throughput, continuous sorting, simple and rapid fabrication.


The invention discloses a device control method and apparatus. The device control method comprises the steps of judging whether a device is in an operating state or not, displaying an operating area at a device screen preset position if the device is in the operating state, receiving a trigger operation of a user to an operation button in the operating area and executing a corresponding function based on the trigger operation. The device control method and apparatus judges whether the device is in the operating state or not, displays the operating area at the device screen preset position if the device is in the operating state, receives the trigger operation of the user to the operation button in the operating area and executes the corresponding function based on the trigger operation, so that shortcut operation on a large-screen mobile terminal is achieved, user's operation is simpler and more convenient, and the operating experience of the user using the large-screen mobile terminal is improved.


The invasion and inconveniences caused by Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in the Niger Delta was investigated. Many streams and creeks in the region are heavily impacted by this water weed. Studies show that the rapid growth rate and the luxuriant nature of its vegetation have defied all forms of control so far by local co mmunit ies. This study focuses on measuring the percentage area covered by the macrophyte, its biomass and macrophyte load as necessary steps in water hyacinth control in Kolo creek, Bayelsa state. The macrophyte area covered ranged from 24.47% in October to 89.3% in March 2007. The differences in mean macrophyte area covered between wet and dry seasons were statistically significant(t-stat = 11.856> p = 1.36(0.05)). The macrophyte load however ranged between 13.116 of dry weight (DW)/ ha and 5.38t of DW/ha for dry and wet seasons respectively.


Hu Clan,now living in Qinghua,Wuyuan County,Jiangxi Province,was originated in the Anding County of Han Dynasty.In the Tang Dynasty,in order to escape from Huangchao Rebellion,Hu Clan moved southward.It first moved to Huangdun Village in Shexian County,and then moved to Yichengdu Township in Qimen County,and finally it settled in Qinghua in Wuyuan County and became a distinguished family in the history of Huizhou.


We present a general method for optimizing the configuration of an experimental diagnostic to minimize uncertainty and bias in inferred quantities from experimental data. The method relies on Bayesian inference to sample the posterior using a physical model of the experiment and instrument. The mean squared error (MSE) of posterior samples relative to true values obtained from a high fidelity model (HFM) across multiple configurations is used as the optimization metric. The method is demonstrated on a common problem in dense plasma research, the use of radiation detectors to estimate physical properties of the plasma. We optimize a set of filtered photoconducting diamond detectors to minimize the MSE in the inferred X-ray spectrum, from which we can derive quantities like the electron temperature. In the optimization we self-consistently account for uncertainties in the instrument response with appropriate prior probabilities. We also develop a penalty term, acting as a soft constraint on the optimization, to produce results that avoid negative instrumental effects. We show results of the optimization and compare with two other reference instrument configurations to demonstrate the improvement. The MSE with respect to the total inferred X-ray spectrum is reduced by more than an order of magnitude using our optimized configuration compared with the two reference cases. We also extract multiple other quantities from the inference and compare with the HFM, showing an overall improvement in multiple inferred quantities like the electron temperature, the peak in the X-ray spectrum and the total radiated energy.


In the fall 2011 issue of the Journal'Mathematics and Computer Education', author Unal Hasan, in the one page article "Proof without Words", gives a purely geometric proof of the equality, arctan(1/3)+ arctan(1/7) = arctan(1/2) (1) (See reference [1]) Now consider the two-variable diophantine equation(x and y being positive integer variables), arctan(1/x) + arctan(m/y) = arctan(1/k) (2), where m and k are given or fixed positive integers with gcd(m,k^2+1)=1;and also with gcd(m,y)=1. Equality (1) then says that the pair (3,7)is a positive integer solution to (2) in the case m=1=k. We prove, in Theorem1(a,) that equation (2) has exactly N(number of positive divisors of k^2+1) distinct positive integer solutions (x,y), given by x=k+m(k^2+1)/d, y=km+d; d a positive divisor of k^2+1. As a result of Th.1, we list nine arctangent equalities in Section5 of this article, including inequality (1) above.


Backpropagation is one of the most widely used methods in artificial neural networks. The method determines the weights of connections between units in a layered network by an iterative computation so that the network produces desired outputs for given inputs. However, the resultant network does not necessarily provide reasonable outputs for patterns not given.

This paper proposes a modified back-propagation learning that produces a reasonable input-output relation for every possible input in which not only the error function between the actual output and the desired output but also the sensitivity of the output to the input variation are evaluated. It is shown also, using simple examples, that the method gives smooth mappings in the whole input space.


We compare parameters of well-observed type II SN1999em derived by M.Hamuy and D.Nadyozhin based on Litvinova-Nadyozhin (1985) analytic fits with those found from the simulations with our radiative hydro code Stella. The difference of SN parameters is quite large for the long distance scale. The same code applied to models of SN1993J allows us to estimate systematic errors of extracting foreground extinction toward SN1993J suggested by Clocchiatti et al. (1995). A new implicit two-temperature hydro code code Supremna is introduced which self-consistently takes into account the kinetics of ionization, electron thermal conduction, and radiative losses for predicting X-ray spectra of young supernova remnants such as Tycho and Kepler.


Every cardiovascular clinical trial that has examined the beneficial effects of lowering LDL cholesterol to prevent cardiovascular events has demonstrated residual cardiovascular risk in the interventional treatment group. Residual risk is the term applied to the cardiovascular events (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death) that occur in spite of being on "optimal" medical therapy. This term is usually applied to secondary intervention studies, i.e., lipid lowering treatments in subjects who have already had at least one cardiovascular event. Studies that described residual risk have attributed it, at least in part, to the fact that the LDLc has not been lowered sufficiently to stop atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture into the arterial lumen. However, a recent cardiovascular intervention clinical trial which achieved a very low group median LDLc of 30 mg/dl still demonstrated significant residual risk. Of more importance to reducing residual risk may be addressing the ongoing inflammation in the coronary arteries that results in cellular liberation of cytokines and proteases that attack the atherosclerotic plaque's fibrous cap. Recent studies have shown that inflammation may act independently of LDL to cause cardiovascular events. This article provides evidence that inflammation is the primary cause of residual risk and will need to be treated as aggressively as LDL lowering if CVD events in the post treatment period are to be significantly reduced. Addressing major risk factors including obesity, diabetes, smoking, hypertension and hyperlipidemia are critical to reducing inflammation. Statins and aspirin are the mainstay medications to reduce ongoing inflammation. However, newer pharmaceuticals may also be required to reduce inflammation to undetectable levels. Targeting inflammation to eradicate residual cardiovascular risk will be the next therapeutic challenge facing primary care physicians.


In this thesis, undervoltage load shedding is presented as a measure for preventing total blackout of power systems. In the introduction, basics of power system stability are given where voltage stability is emphasized. Also, the mechanisam of voltage collapse is shown as well. In the last few years in the world, a large number of power system blackouts has occurred caused by voltage instability and voltage collapse. The most significant examples of such blackouts have happened in the USA and taly in 2003 and these cases are described in this thesis. The influence of power sector liberalization is described as well especially its negative impact on the number and size of such incidents. Larger and larger amounts of power are being transfered to greater and greater distances which has negative impact on power system stability. The most suitable solution for this kind of problem is building of new transmission and production facilities. It is very expensive and often very long process so undervoltage load shedding of power system imposes as economic and reliable solution of these problems. Also, it can be very fastly implemented into the system and it can serve as a temporary solution before building of new necessary facilities. It can also serve as local protection against voltage collapse and as a measure of further voltage instability widespreading through the system. In this thesis few cases of voltage collapse, which occurred in the world, are shown. Also, description of undervoltage load shedding measures currently in operation, primary in the USA, are given. Undervoltage load shedding influence on power system facilities is shortly described. Undervoltage load shedding is simulated in software package ETAP on the few cases which are New England test system and Croatian Power Utility transmission system. Firstly, voltage collapse is simulated on both systems, and afterwards its prevention by installing undervoltage relays in most critical buses. It is shown how can this measure prevent total power system blackout by shedding of loads in most endangered places. In this way, the lost of other loads is prevented and damege caused by power supply interruption is decreased. Advantages and disadvantages of this kind of power system protection is given. Also, possible upgrades and betterments of undevoltage load shedding system are analized.


Objective: To evaluate the quality of life of elderly people living in a long-term institution through a systematic review. Materials and methods: This is a systematic review. A total of 20 articles retrieved from the SciELO and LILACS databases between 2010 and 2015 were selected and read in detail. The following steps were applied in the elaboration of the systematic article: 1) elaboration of the guiding question; 2) definition of inclusion criteria and searches in the literature; 3) critical analysis of the studies; 4) representation of the included studies in tables; 5) discussion of results; and 6) to report the evidence found. Results: They were presented in the form of tables, divided into the following analytical categories: "main results found on the quality of life of elderly people living in long-term institutions" (46.1%), "main results found regarding factors associated with quality (38.4%) and "main results on preventive measures for the quality of life of elderly people living in long-term care institutions" (30.7%). Conclusion: The elderly undergoing the institutionalization factor are more willing to have their quality of life compromised, it is up to the institutions to focus on the humanization of the physical environment and qualification of the professionals of the team, adopting a posture that provides the resignification of the elderly, bringing a new look to the elderly resident so that their particularities are met.