This paper extends several existing learning models to investigate their fixed points (their long run predictions of play). The fixed points of the model are not necessarily at the Nash equilibria of the payoff matrices but are a function of both the Nash equilibria and the parameters of the model. The stability of these fixed points also depends on both the characteristics of the payoff matrix used and the parameters of the models. These new findings indicate that behaviour previously though to be inconsistent with theory may not necessarily be so.


Nowadays rotating machines produce or absorb large amounts of power in relatively small physical packages. The fact that those machines work with large density of energy and flows is associated to the high speeds of rotation of the axis, implying high inertia loads, shaft deformations, vibrations and dynamic instabilities. Viscoelastic materials are broadly employed in vibration and noise control of dynamic rotors to increase the area of stability, due to their high capacity of vibratory energy dissipation. A widespread model, used to describe the real dynamic behavior of this class of materials, is the fractional derivative model. Resorting to the finite element method it is possible to carry out the modeling of dynamic rotors with flexible bearings due to the use of viscoelastic materials. In general, the stiffness matrix is comprised of the stiffnesses of the shaft and bearings. As considered herein, this matrix is complex and frequency dependent because of the characteristics of the viscoelastic material contained in the bearings. Despite of that, a clear and simple numerical methodology is offered to calculate the modal parameters of a simple rotor mounted on viscoelastic bearings. A procedure for generating the Campbell diagram (natural frequency versus rotation frequency) is presented. It requires the embedded use of an auxiliary (internal) Campbell diagram (natural frequency versus variable frequency), in which the stiffness matrix as a frequency function is dealt with. A simplified version of that procedure, applicable to unbalance excitations, is also presented. A numerical example, for two different bearing models, is produced and discussed.


Samples of cuttings from twenty-one wells and a core from a single well in southern West Virginia were analyzed for major and minor elements: silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, titanium, phosphorus, manganese, sulfur, zinc, and strontium. Stratigraphic and geographic controls on elemental abundances were studied through canonical correlations, factor analyses, and trend surface analyses. The most abundant elements, silicon and aluminum, show gradual trends through the stratigraphic column of most wells, with silicon increasing and aluminum decreasing up-section. Other elements such as calcium, sulfur, and titanium change abruptly in abundance at certain stratigraphic boundaries. Important geographic trends run east-west: for instance, one can see an increase in sulfur and a decrease in titanium to the west; and a decrease in silicon from the east to the central part of the study area, then an increase further west. Although observed vertical trends in detrital minerals and geographic patterns in elemental abundances agree with the accepted view of a prograding delta complex during Late Devonian time, geographically-local, time restricted depositional processes influenced elemental percentages in subsets of the wells and the stratigraphic intervals studied. The black shales of lower Huron age do not represent simply a return of depositional conditions presentmore » in the earlier Rhinestreet time; nor do the gray shales of the Ohio Shale represent the same environmental conditions as the Big White Slate.« less


Popliteal artery occlusion is a rare vascular complication after blunt knee trauma and may lead to limb loss if diagnosis is delayed. Development of collateral pathways may misguide the surgeon in planning surgeries for defect reconstruction. We report a case of a patient with popliteal artery occlusion resulting from dislocation of knee after fall from height, which developed a defect anteromedial to ankle following orthopedic surgery. After reconstruction with a free flap, ischemia was observed in foot and arteriography confirmed the occlusion of popliteal artery with well-developed collateral arteries. The patient underwent femoro-popliteal bypass surgery for limb salvation. At the end of the recovery time, the defect was reconstructed with cross leg free flap.


This paper proposes a mathematical model for the performance of a jet engine aircraft during take-off. The mathematical model provides a closed-form formula of the aircraft's velocity as a function of time, which further enables obtaining a closed-form formula of the aircraft's fuel flow rate and hence, of the fuel consumption during take-off. Furthermore, the model is tested for a specific jet engine aircraft under given aerodynamic take-off conditions.


As a comprehensive university located in Jingdezhen and featuring ceramics, it bears an important responsibility for the construction of the popularization and dissemination project of ceramic culture. Through the combination of the ceramic appreciation curriculum reform in the first class and the ceramic cultural brand activities in the second class, students' ceramic cultural knowledge can be expanded, so all of students in Jingdezhen universities can identify with ceramic culture, tell Chinese ceramic stories well, and be disseminators of ceramic culture.


This article reassesses the claim by Rainer Maria Rilke's protagonist Malte that he is "learning to see", a statement often understood to distinguish between an acquired, artistic gaze and supposedly superficial ordinary perception. Challenging this interpretation, it expands on scholarship that has shifted attention away from vision, proposing that Malte's experience is best understood not simply as multimodal, but as grounded in acts of embodied world-engagement. Against the backdrop of recent enactivist theorizing in the philosophy of perception the article demonstrates that rich experiences, mundane or strange, are not the prerogative of the artist, instead relying on the same embodied capacities that underlie ordinary life. While Malte struggles with the relationship between perceptual experience and language, the novel itself is a testimony to the power of literary description to make such experience salient: not through a recreation of a specifically poetic gaze, but through closely-paid attention to the perceptual acts that bring it about. (RB)


Recently, there had been renewed interest in limiting the interaction between dark matter particles and known particles. I propose a new way to set upper limits on the coupling of ions or electrons to dark matter particles of arbitrary mass, based on Faraday's Law in a spinning conductor.


Despite the importance of the Social War to events of Late Republican Rome much debate exists over the nature of the conflict itself. The conflict's origin as well as the motives of the combatants remains a topic of contention. This thesis uniquely considers the outbreak of the Social War in 91 BCE as a failure of Rome's alliance management. It proposes that tactics the Romans utilised to ensure the compliance of the Italian allies ceased to function effectively at the turn of the first century. By contrasting the Romans' approach to alliance management in the fourth and third centuries with that of the second, I argue that changes within the alliance gave rise to the possibility of conflict. To incentivise compliance in the earlier period, the Romans had secured the political and economic interests of the Italic communities. This incentive was not as potent in the later period. Instead, the Romans relied on deterrence against revolt, the other major component of their alliance management, to secure compliance. This is problematic for an alliance that relied heavily on cooperation. While this change occurred within the internal structure of the Italic alliances, I demonstrate that external factors were largely responsible. The addition of non-Italic communities to the alliance network and changes in domestic politics at Rome unsettled the foundations of the Italic alliances by altering the interests of both the Romans and the Italian allies. In this way, this study reveals the need for future research on the Social War to adopt a broad focus rather than treating the conflict as an isolated product of second century Italy.


To the Editor.—
 There are three articles in the June issue of Pediatrics1-3 about ipecac without any mention of the new abuse of the drug. We think it is worthwhile to share with pediatricians the information that syrup of ipecac has become the latest addition to the drug abuse list.
 More than 35,000 Americans, who have anorexia nervosa—bulimia syndromes are abusing syrup of ipecac repeatedly to induce vomiting after eating and bingeing. Ipecac is a cardiotoxic drug, and chronic repeated use can lead to permanent cardiac damage.


ABSTRACT This research in order to identified pest Arthropods and natural enemies on Perum Bulog rice warehouse and Mitra Kerja rough rice warehouse in Jember Regency. The research was conducted in July 2011 to August 2011. Data collection using direct survey method by deriving rice and rough rice sampling on stapel, placement of traps in the rice and rough rice warehouse, and deriving scattered sample in the rice and rough rice warehouse. Arthropods that found then identified and counted the population in Pest Laboratory, Department of Pest and Plant Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang. The results showed that in the rice warehouse found 17993 individual Arthropods that includes 2 classes, 8 orders, 13 families, and 16 species. At the rough rice warehouse found 1170 individual Arthropods that includes 2 classes, 8 orders, 16 families, and 22 species. Keywords: Perum Bulog, Pest of Stored Products, UV Light Trap, Yellow Sticky Trap


Mr. Hudson has also partnered with FEMA to distribute preparedness publications to customers and employees at 19 stores in south Mississippi, and to host outreach teams at selected stores in the state. "This year, instead of hoping the storm doesn't hit, I am going to expect the storm to hit. The number one answer is education and it's important to have a strategic plan in place for the company," asserted Mr. Hudson. "I had no idea that crisis situations like we experienced would arise after a storm like Katrina. There are preventive measures that will be in place this year. Planning ahead will guarantee that necessary resources are in place."


In this paper it is described the techniques and results for contamination control of process chemicals. Two distinct analytical problems are studied: The first concerns the analysis methods of dissolved and insoluble impurities, with the second concerns the analysis of particulate matter separated from the solutions by ultrafiltration techniques to 0.2 microns. The results suggest that considerable quantities of insoluble metallic impurities can be present in semiconductor grade chemicals and that they can be removed by ultrafiltration techniques. In our study we are concerned with the met processing stage including the quality of the chemicals used for developing, reusing, etching, and cleaning procedures in photolithographic processing. In our experience the pure chemical contain considerable quantities of particulate matter. In MOS integrated circuit technologies where the electrical functioning of the devices is surface dependence, the presence of small quantities of specific impurities is even more critical. In order to determinate the quantitive levels of dissolved and particulate impurities present in semiconductor processing chemicals three methods were chosen for their sensitivity and simplicity: (1) Activation analysis, (2) Flamless atomic absorption, and (3) X-ray fluorescence.


In this paper, Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) events observed with SMM (C /P) during l98O and l984 are reated with flares and eruphve filaments which occund in the saine periods. By Studying the distributions of velocity, there properties of CME is given,The results reveal that there are some changes in the frequency of occurrence of CMEx related with flares and filaments in the different period of solar cycle. From its maximum to the minimum years, the flares relatal frequency of occurrence of CMEs declined, and the filaments reated frequency of occurrence increased.Otherwise, energy of the activities associatad with CMEs is probably varied with ejective velocity . In generel, the faster the velocity is, the higher the energy of the activities is.


Dangling modifiers is a problem in sentence structure where there is a mismatch between what the writer or speaker means and what the reader or listener means. This problem will certainly cause a misunderstanding. This study aimed to determine the ability of students to understand dangling modifiers and find out the types of dangling modifiers that were most frequently answered incorrectly by students. This research is a descriptive quantitative study. The population of this study was 35 students from K-2017 English Language Education. Samples were taken using the stratified cluster sampling method. Data were collected through grammar test. The data were given a general score and each part of the test is designed to determine students' ability in understanding dangling modifiers. It was found that the ability of third-year students to understand dangling modifiers was poor because the average score was 49. To find out the type of dangling modifiers that were most answered incorrectly, each answer error in each type of dangling modifiers would be added so that found 55% errors in dangling elliptical clause type. It can be concluded that students need to be aware of logic and illogical sentences (dangling modifiers).


Tempted to try ice fishing, walking, snowshoeing, cross-country skiing or other types of winter recreation at your local reservoir? Aquarion Water Company officials warn against such activities. "We've seen an increase in winter activities around our reservoirs," said Stephen C. Stamos, Aquarion's manager of natural resources, "and we want to remind residents that, not only is it illegal to be on an Aquarion reservoir, it also is extremely dangerous. "Reservoirs are for water supply, not trespassing," Stamos said. "That may sound harsh, but we don't want any tragedies. "Though a reservoir might seem to be an ideal place for winter recreation, many factors make trespassing ill-advised, not the least of which is the fact that it can lead to arrest," he said. "It also can be fatal, because the ice thickness is unreliable. The ice may seem capable of supporting a person's weight, but that appearance is deceptive because of shifting water levels and thermal undercurrents." Noting that every community offers opportunities for winter fun, Stamos said the company strongly advises residents to avoid the danger, fines and possible arrest. Instead, residents can contact their local Parks and Recreation Department for alternative activities. Aquarion does welcome the public on its Saugatuck and Aspetuck Valley trails, which are open for hiking, cross-country skiing and snowshoeing year-round for those who hold a valid permit. To obtain a permit, call Aquarion's Watershed & Environmental Management Office at (203) 452-3511. For more information about Aquarion's public access policies, go to its website at www.aquarion.com .


The mechanism of selectivity of evybactin. Evybactin (EVY) is transported into the bacterial cell by BacA (M. tuberculosis) and SbmA (E. coli) transporters. However, in E. coli, evybactin is removed by drug efflux pump AcrAB-TolC. As a result, evybactin selectively kills M. tuberculosis. Credit: Nature Chemical Biology (2022).


This paper presents an approach toward formulating analytical models to predict the moment-rotation hysteresis behavior of top and seat angle connections. Experimental results obtained from 12 top and seat angle connection specimens are used to obtain the prediction equations for the parameters defining the moment rotation hysteresis loops of a typical top and seat angle connection. These parameters include the initial stiffness, ultimate moment capacity, ultimate rotation, the transition moment, characteristic moment, and rigidity parameter. Regression analysis results and comparisons with test results are presented to demonstrate the acceptability of these prediction equations. The prediction equations obtained for these parameters are used to develop four different moment rotation hysteresis models for the connection: the bilinear, elastoplastic, Ramberg-Osgood, and modified bilinear models. The results of the study show that the top and seat angle connection behaves as a semirigid connection. A wide range of initial stiffnesses and ultimate moment capacities are possible to achieve by altering the connection geometry related variables within a practical range. For certain geometric configurations of the connection, significant transfer of moment from the beam to the column can occur before the connection fails. Also, it is possible to design a connection with low stiffness and small moment transfer capability, so that it behaves in a manner such that it is close to being classified as a pin connection. The prediction equations developed for the parameters characterizing the four hysteresis models give acceptable results when compared to experimental results. The degree to which the models idealized the actual behavior varies with the elastoplastic model being the least conservative and the modified bilinear modeling being the best. The Ramberg-Osgood model is the most accurate in just modeling the nonpinching moment-rotation loops.


Selection of appropriate detection threshold (λ) is a very critical task in energy detection scheme based cognitive radio (CR) system. λ is mainly selected by using two principles called as constant detection rate (CDR) in which λ is calculated by taking fixed value of probability of detection (Pd) and constant false alarm rate (CFAR) in which λ is calculated by taking fixed value of probability of false alarm Pfa. The CDR principle is mostly adopted to sufficiently protect the primary users (PUs), but it lags in exploiting the best spectrum utilization opportunities mainly when CR user is located far away where chances of interfering a PU communication are least. This overprotective nature of CR in CDR principle leads to a decrease in its achievable throughput. To overcome it, this article proposes an approach in which the location information of PU is efficiently used to access the spectrum using "opportunistic spectrum access scheme under the CDR principle" and the "scheme of spectrum sharing". Under the proposed approach, the CR achieves a significant gain in its throughput compared to the approach in which the CDR and CFAR principles are used blindly.


Strikes, boycotts, rallies, negotiations, and litigation marked the efforts of Mexican-origin community members to achieve educational opportunity and oppose discrimination in Houston schools in the early 1970s. These responses were sparked by the effort of the Houston Independent School District to circumvent a court order for desegregation by classifying Mexican American children as "white" and integrating them with African American children--leaving Anglos in segregated schools. Gaining legal recognition for Mexican Americans as a minority group became the only means for fighting this kind of discrimination. The struggle for legal recognition not only reflected an upsurge in organizing within the community but also generated a shift in consciousness and identity. In "Brown, Not White" Guadalupe San Miguel, Jr., astutely traces the evolution of the community's political activism in education during the Chicano Movement era of the early 1970s. San Miguel also identifies the important implications of this struggle for Mexican Americans and for public education. First, he demonstrates, the political mobilization in Houston underscored the emergence of a new type of grassroots ethnic leadership committed to community empowerment and to inclusiveness of diverse ideological interests within the minority community. Second, it signaled a shift in the activist community's identity from the assimilationist "Mexican American Generation" to the rising Chicano Movement with its "nationalist" ideology. Finally, it introduced Mexican American interests into educational policy making in general and into the national desegregation struggles in particular. This important study will engage those interested in public school policy, as well as scholars of Mexican American history and the history of desegregation in America.


In an increasingly online world, customers, partners and other constituencies are demanding more and better customer service from vendors and government institutions. Yet, these organizations have found that despite significant investments in people, information and technology, true excellence in assisted service and Web-based self-service is frustratingly difficult to achieve. IT integration plays a vital role in enabling cost-effective customer service processes, and an important part of that role is managing the 80 percent of enterprise data that exists in the form of documents, files, images and other similar unstructured content. Enterprise content integration (ECI) has emerged to help organizations unify their content and workflow infrastructures to help ensure faster and lower-cost issue resolution, improved customer retention and more effective cross-and up-selling. Customer relationship management (CRM) application vendors widely advocate using a 360° view of the customer to forge closer customer relationships, present more targeted offers to customers and prospects, and better predict and resolve customer issues. However, all these initiatives are critically dependent on the ability to access key information—such as standard procedures, technical data, customer correspondence, marketing collateral and contracts. Customer information management or customer data integration software provides the means for integrating structured data within a customer service application—contact information, transaction histories, account balances, inventory availability and the like. This is an important step in the right direction, but many companies are finding that it is simply not enough. A key competitive differentiator 2 Unstructured content: The key to the 360° view 5 Alternatives for content integration 5 Migrating to a single enterprise content management platform 5 Point-to-point integration of priority applications 6 Enterprise content integration: The sensible alternative 7 Why enterprise content integration matters to customer service excellence 7 Call center applications 9 Web-based self-service applications 11 How enterprise content integration helps customer service across industries 11 Financial services While aspiring to great customer service may seem like a utopian ideal, the implications of accepting anything less are alarming. Consider these statistics: • 80 percent of a company's interaction with its customers is through customer service 1 • 92 percent of customers form their opinion about a company based on their experience with its call center 2 • 68 percent of customers will switch brands based on a poor service experience 3 • It costs up to 10 times more to acquire a new customer than to keep an existing customer 4 Business and IT executives are …


We experimentally validate a relatively recent electrokinetic formulation of the streaming potential (SP) coefficient as developed by Pride (1994). The start of our investigation focuses on the streaming potential coefficient, which gives rise to the coupling of mechanical and electromagnetic fields. It is found that the theoretical amplitude values of this dynamic SP coefficient are in good agreement with the normalized experimental results over a wide frequency range, assuming no frequency dependence of the bulk conductivity. By adopting the full set of electrokinetic equations, a full-waveform wave propagation model is formulated. We compare the model predictions, neglecting the interface response andmodeling only the coseismic fields, with laboratory measurements of a seismic wave of frequency 500 kHz that generates electromagnetic signals. Agreement is observed between measurement and electrokinetic theory regarding the coseismic electric field. The governing equations are subsequently adopted to study the applicability of seismoelectric interferometry. It is shown that seismic sources at a single boundary location are sufficient to retrieve the 1D seismoelectric responses, both for the coseismic and interface components, in a layered model.


Considering the population density of Bangladesh, existing poverty, vulnerable healthcare system and social structure, the recent COVID-19 outbreak control became a huge challenge for the government of the country. Apart from this rapidly transmitted virus, the addition of cyclone Amphan and monsoon flood almost all over the country accelerated the challenge to another level. Immediate after the declaration of the rapid surge of coronavirus pandemic, the Government of Bangladesh has initiated some strict measures to fight against the situation. The aim of this study is to critically analyze the necessary measures taken by the government to deal with this global pandemic, compounded by the super cyclone Amphan and early monsoon flood. The study is based on the secondary data sources which referred in depth views. Along with the 4,634 confirmed losses of lives till now, COVID-19 pandemic has created major impact in the economy that arises many problems. Also, the government had to undertake evacuate operation during the cyclone which eventually resulted 2.6 million affected people. From addressing the widespread of the pandemic to taking necessary steps such as creating awareness, suspension of international flights, imposing restrictions in movement, declaring lockdowns, announcing funds worth $8.56 billion, assigning designated hospitals by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the government has been trying to minimize the risk. Almost 70,000 CPP volunteers worked, nearly 2 million people were evacuated at risk during the cyclone. More than 1546 flood shelters, 387 medical teams and allocation of nearly BDT 9,200,000 cash including relief items were confirmed by the government to deal with the early wave of monsoon flood. In this short commentary, there is review of initiatives taken by the Bangladesh Government towards the current challenges. The study concluded with some recommendations to suggest the possible strategies to resist the growing trend of economy crushing pandemic of COVID-19, and contain with difficulties occurred due to cyclone Amphan and monsoon flood.


A remote sensing image residential area extracting method based on Fourier transformation and Hough transformation grey level co-ocurrence matrix is presented in this paper.First,the RS image is translated to the frequency domain by Fourier transformation,then Hough transformation is used to extract the texture principal direction,so the texture principal direction of the image is rotated to horizental direction,at last the texture is segmented by grey level co-ocurrence matrix method.Experimental results show that good residential area extraction results can be acquired by our method.


The experiment was carried out at Department of Agricultural Botany, VNMKV Parbhani to study the "Impact Of Varietal Differences On Growth And Yield Of Green Gram Cultivars'' during kharif season of 2019-2020. The soil of the experimental field was deep black, well drained, the experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications which comprised of Seven varieties viz; BM-4, BM-2002-1, BM-2003-2, BPMR-145, PKV AKM-4, PKV Green Gold, VAIBHAV. Sowing was done by dibbling on 03 July, 2019. From the experimental findings, the variety BM-2003-2 recorded overall better performance over other varieties in respect of growth attributes, yield contributing characters and yield in the given environment. This variety needs to be tested further in future.


Objectives: Little is currently known on how human ocular volume (OV) relates to body size or composition across adult men and women. This gap was filled in an exploratory study on the path to developing anthropological and physiological models by measuring OV in young healthy adults and related brain, head, and body mass along with major body components.
Methods: Thirty-six men and 44 women, ages 20-35 yrs, were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry that provided estimates of OV, brain, head, fat, lean soft tissue (LST), and bone mineral mass. Associations between OV and other components were evaluated first followed by development of allometric models relating OV and other components to body size as defined by stature.
Results: Mean OV was non-significantly larger in men (X ± SD; 6.35 ± 0.69 cm3) than in women (6.26 ± 0.53 cm3; P=NS), although OV in women was significantly larger relative to brain and head mass than in men (both p<0.001). While larger body components (e.g., LST) scaled to height with powers as expected from previous studies, these associations for OV were weak or non-significant. Our findings are consistent with a systematic review of earlier autopsy, surgical, and imaging OV studies.
Conclusions: Unlike most other lean tissues and organs, the absolute eye volume is largely independent of a person's sex and body size or composition. As a small anatomic body component, the adult human eye appears to function within relatively narrow dimensional constraints. Future larger sample studies are needed to explore age and racial/ethnic differences in OV.


Styrene–maleic anhydride copolymers have been successfully synthesized using catalytic chain transfer polymerization employing the low spin [bis(difluoroboryl)dimethylglyoximato]cobalt(II) (COBF) complex. By partially replacing styrene with α-methylstyrene (while maintaining the amount of maleic anhydride at 50 mol %) over a range of ratios, it was shown that the rate of reaction and molar mass decreases with increasing α-methylstyrene content. The polymers were characterized using MALDI–ToF–MS and 1H–13C gHMQC NMR to determine the end groups, which in the presence of α-methylstyrene was an α-methylstyrene unit with a vinylic functionality. For styrene–maleic anhydride copolymers, the end group was determined to be predominantly maleic anhydride with a vinylic functionality. Considering the fact that in a styrene–maleic anhydride copolymerization the propagating radicals are predominantly of a styrenic nature, this was a very surprising result, suggesting that the maleic anhydride radicals undergo a chain...


. Hilbert proved that invariant rings are (cid:12)nitely generated for linearly reductive groups acting rationally on a (cid:12)nite dimensional vector space. Popov gave an explicit upper bound for the smallest integer d such that the invariants of degree (cid:20) d generate the invariant ring. This bound has factorial growth. In this paper we will give a bound which depends only polynomially on the input data.


Dynamic wavelength assignment has been known to provide significant improvement of wavelength utilization in a wavelength routed all-optical network. This paper considers the dynamic wavelength assignment problem and presents a distributed algorithm to solve it. The presented algorithm shows a significant improvement over existing schemes by reducing the blocking probability often by an order of magnitude. The algorithm is based on the assumption of the availability of adequate processing power at the routers and lightpaths are constructed dynamically when two end-nodes need to communicate. The effectiveness of the algorithm is compared to the schemes in terms of blocking probability and set-up time through simulations.


to analyze the performance of these three strategies under various test conditions that involves varying the hardware and software parallelism to observe the effect on the Turnaround Time (TAT) for the batch of jobs.


Reflective surfaces (mirrors) have a wide use in the field of optical or electromagnetic applications, wherever it is needed to redirect electromagnetic radiation. Though mirror technology exists since more than 8,000 years ago, there is not yet a well-established technology for circular polarization control: even more, conventional mirrors reverse the handedness or circularly polarized waves. Bi-isotropic (chiral) structures have been proposed to manipulate the polarization of travelling waves (optical/electromagnetic activity and circular dichroism). Nevertheless, up to date, all the known examples of such materials are non-reciprocal. This means that a mirror based on a bi-isotropic slab would behave as a conventional mirror: whatever difference performed to the transmitted wave is reverted after the reflection. Polarization control in a reflector surface may be achieved by combining anisotropy with planar asymmetry (what is known as "2D-chirality") in the same structure. In this work we propose the use of an asymmetric arrangement of the well-known Split Ring Resonator combined with a metallic mirror (Fig. 1). Its response (reflection coefficient) to normally incident circular polarized waves has been analyzed, the results being shown in Fig. 2.


In the quality education under the new situation,the independent college has become higher education school system and mode of an exploration and innovation.And independent college art design specialty in personnel training mode should emphasize the cultivation of applied talents.In this paper,according to the present situation of independent colleges,respectively from the teaching mode,professional curriculum and teaching resources discussed the independent college art design professional personnel training problems,in order to explore a suitable for independent colleges and universities design kind of professional development of the new way,continuous innovation to strengthen personnel training risk resistance capacity,and to provide some reference for independent college art design professional talent training mode construction in the future.


The study aims to investigate the relationship between audit fees and non-audit fees to the economic performance of companies listed on BM & FBOVESPA. Therefore, we carried out a descriptive, document and quantitative research through the canonical correlation through StatGraphics® statistical software for the period 2010 to 2013. The study population was 615 companies and the sample included 319 companies in 2010, 312 in 2011, 307 in 2012 and 282 companies in 2013. Thus, in general, to analyze all the years together, the lower the audit fees and non-audit fees, the higher the ROA and ROE of smaller the companies analyzed. The control variables, size of the audited company, corporate governance level and auditing firm (BIG4) had relationship with economic performance, but only the size of the company showed a positive relationship. The only independent variable with the high strength of association with economic performance was the size of the company. The ROA also stood out above moderate association strength every year. Therefore, it is concluded that there was a relationship between audit fees and non-audit fees with economic performance.


The article deals with the essence and development of socio-economic theory of land management, its goals, modern problems of land reforms and trends in the economic regulation of land relations. Special attention is paid to the assessment of economic efficiency of land management activities carried out in the process of for-mation and organization of the territory of land management facilities. The material of the study was the land Fund as an object of land management, since the content of land management and the order of its conduct must correspond to the level of socio-economic development of society. The system of state and social organization, characterized by the appropriate political organization of society for their regulation and certain land relations, determines the land structure of society. Since land management is a part of the overall system of state planning and financing, each land management enterprise, activity or work should be based on the principles of self-sufficiency, commercial benefits and efficiency. From the point of view of land relations, land cadastre and land management, land is an important part of the natural environment characterized by certain production and nat-ural socio-economic characteristics. Land is the basis of all human activity, which determines the importance of land relations in the socio-economic policy of society. To prevent the disadvantages of land ownership and land use, streamlining of the market of land relations, trading and other operations with the earth creates market land Fund. At the same time, all operations related to the purchase and sale of land plots, the formation of new and streamlining of existing land tenure and land use, redistribution of land ownership, the provision and seizure of land, the device of their territory, must necessarily be based on land management projects.


Over the course of human history, weather patterns have greatly influenced the growth of commerce and communities. But in a world experiencing climate change, past assumptions about the weather no longer hold true. Local, regional and national governments, as well as businesses, are grappling with their role as decision-makers. Climate data may be available but it is often hard to find, understand and apply to decision-making. Both private and public sector decision-makers need accessible, credible and relevant climate information to increase resilience to the more intense and frequent weather extremes scientists foresee as a potential consequence of climate change. 1


In this thesis we study deployment of a swarm consisting of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the task of autonomous surveillance using motion planning. This thesis describes principles and implementation of the algorithm for motion planing of swarm of UAVs using the RRT-Path algorithm. Algorithm described in this thesis combines the RRT-Path algorithm with optimization by Dubins Curves. The thesis includes the implementation in C++ and Python, functionality was verified by experiments presented in this thesis.


Introduction: Anatomical knowledge of variations in the branching patterns of ulnar nerve in hand is very important for the surgeons in diagnosis of peripheral neuropathies and in treating nerve compression syndromes. In addition, knowledge of relationship between deep branch of ulnar nerve and deep palmar arch is important in treating ulnar nerve compression due to post-traumatic pseudo aneurysm, true aneurysm of distal ulnar artery or tortuous ulnar artery. Aim: To observe the division of ulnar nerve in relation to flexor retinaculum, the variations in the branching patterns of ulnar nerve in hand and the relation between deep branch of ulnar nerve and deep palmar arch. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted in 52 cadaveric hands collected from Department of Anatomy, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute from August 2013 to Dec 2013. Specimens were fixed in 10% of formalin and dissected. Observations were noted. Results: Division of ulnar nerve into superficial and deep branch was seen along the middle part of flexor retinaculum in 15 (28.8%) out of 52 specimens. In 5 (9.6%) out of 52 specimens, this division was seen in the distal part of flexor retinaculum. Trunk of ulnar nerve supplying abductor digiti minimi was seen in 5 (9.6%) specimens and accessory abductor digiti minimi in 3 (5.7%) specimens. Superficial branch of ulnar nerve supplying abductor digiti minimi in five specimens and flexor digiti minimi in three specimens. Deep branch of ulnar nerve was seen along the concavity of deep palmar arch in 15 (28.8%) specimens and along the convexity in 23 (44.2%) specimens. In 14 (26.9%) specimens, deep branch of ulnar nerve was seen crossing the deep palmar arch superficially from proximal to distal. Conclusion: Ulnar nerve presents with many variations in the hand. These variations may lead to entrapment neuropathies which will have varied presentations. Knowledge of these variations will help the general surgeons, orthopedic surgeons and plastic surgeons during various surgical corrections.


German standard DIN 10516 Food hygiene-cleaning and disinfection was published in January 2001. This is a futher contribution for guidelines for fundamental hygiene in food processing plants, for cleaning and disinfection. The standard refers to cleaning and disinfection from surfaces of rooms, devices and equipments of food industry. It helps to find out the right methods and shows ways for realization of cleaning and disinfection in food industry.


The invention discloses a method for processing boundary information deficiency of a centralization protector of a digitalized converting station, which comprises the following steps that: the centralization protector collects current and voltage values of the whole converting station and the states of circuit breakers, and acquires voltage and current sampling value information of the whole converting station in real time; when faults happen, if the current sampling value information of one line is deficient, a current sampling value of the information deficient line is synthesized on the premise that a bus is supposed to have no faults, and then a bus voltage and a line current sampling value are used, wherein the information deficient line adopts a resultant current, and the faults are removed through conventional line protection; and if the faults are detected on a first section of the conventional protection of the information deficient line, the circuit breaker of the line is tripped off without delay, and then the conventional bus differential protection is used for detecting whether the bus has the faults or not so as to determine whether to trip off all the circuit breakers connected with the bus. The method can quickly position the faults and remove the faults of boundary regions, greatly simplifies the cooperating setting of protection, and improves the reliability of the protection.


This paper mainly tries to focus on search for identity in Oleander Girl. It deals with the protagonist Karobi's strong desire to know about her father and her immigrant experience. To know the root of her father, she simply keeps her marriage plan aside though she knows and loves her boyfriend Rajatvery much. The paper also emphasizes Karobi's transformation in India as mild young girl and in America a strong matured woman who is ready to resist if anything goes wrong. It portrays the identity clashes, immigrant issues and the willpower she gains to raise money to live with financial independency. It focuses how Divakarunni used feminism to empower the characters. When she goes to America in search of her father, she experiences cultural clashes as an immigrant. It shows how she explores her identity and discovers her father after facing several physical encounters.


To conduct innovation, firms absorb and utilise internal and external knowledge. This study examines the effect of internal and external knowledge, in terms of the breadth and depth of knowledge sources, on a firm's innovation. The breadth of knowledge sources refers to the amount of knowledge sources used within the firm. The depth of knowledge sources is the amount of knowledge sources intensively used by the firm. This study is aimed at answering the following questions. a) What knowledge sources are mainly used? b) What type of innovation is frequently conducted? c) What are the effects of the breadth and the depth of knowledge sources on the innovation capabilities among Indonesian restaurants and cafes? The resource-based view and resource dependency theory are used to understand the role of internal and external knowledge on innovation within a firm. We distributed a semi-structured questionnaire to 101 owners/managers, using a purposive, in several cities in Indonesia, such as Bandung, Denpasar Bogor, Malang, Yogyakarta and other cities in East Java. The results show that the Indonesian restaurants and cafes utilised external knowledge sources more often than internal ones. The firms produce more incremental product innovations than radical ones. The depth of the internal knowledge sources has a positive significant impact on the firms' innovation capabilities, which supports the previous studies. Meanwhile, the breadth of the internal knowledge sources is found not to have a significant effect on innovation. Additionally, the effects of the breadth and depth of the external knowledge sources on the innovation capabilities are also insignificant.


Abstract Background: The occurrence of fallopian-tube torsion as well as bilateral adnexal masses are rare in adolescents. Case: A 13-year-old girl who had attained menarche 6 months previously, complained of back pain of 7 months' duration and lower abdominal pain of 1 month's duration. Findings from her general and other systemic examinations were normal. Her hymen was intact, and rectal examination revealed a tender mass of 5×6 cm, which was felt anterior to the rectum. Transabdominal sonography showed bilateral adnexal masses, of which the left one was a complex echogenic mass of 7.43×5.41 cm, and the right one was an anechoeic mass of 7.3×6 cm. Tumor markers, Mantoux test, chest radiograph, and hydatid serology were normal. Because of the bilaterality, malignancy was suspected, and hence laparotomy was performed, which revealed a left-sided twisted hematosalpinx and a right-sided paraovarian cyst. Both ovaries were normal. Excision of the hematosalpinx and paraovarian cystectomy were performed. Histo...


This article analyzes the normative ontogenesis, i.e. how the corporal individuality given at birth becomes a subject able to act according to normative. From a


The fire evacuation design for the Potala Palace has been analyzed,the main factors that affect the fire evacuation of ancient buildings has been expatiated,and several principles for fire evacuation design of ancient building has been gave.


American missionaries in the early years of the twentieth century viewed China's women as a vast resource for conversion and for leadership."The only college for women in the northern half of China,"proclaims the brochure North China Union Women's College in 1919."The only chance of 200,000,000 people to secure a higher education for their daughters; the only institution to which an ancient but newly awakening people can look for highly trained leadership for its womanhood just now in the throes of confusion because of the passing of the old and the imperfect understanding of the new." Such inspirational rhetoric, reiterated in pamphlets and circular letters intended to open the minds and purses of donors in the United States, hardly hints at the problems faced, during the May Fourth movement and its aftermath, by two dedicated American administrators who struggled to establish, expand, and maintain higher education for China's women.


We describe a framework for a distributed ontology based dynamic composition and execution of services. This paper describes an extension to GloServ, an ontology-based global service discovery system, which performs service composition with services described in OWL-S. It also analyzes the bottlenecks in using OWL-S for service composition and gives detailed results on the different types of ontology descriptions that work best for service composition.


Large-scale digitization of manuscripts is facilitated by high-accuracy optical character recognition (OCR) engines. The focus of our work is on using these tools to digitize Latin texts. Many of the texts in the language, especially the early modern, make heavy use of special characters like ligatures and accented abbreviations. Current OCRs are ina d quate for our purpose: their built-in training sets do not include all these special characters, a nd further, post-processing of OCR output is based on data and methods specific to the domain language – m ost of the current systems do not implement error-correction tools for Latin. This abstract outlines the development of a document recogn iti n system for medieval and early modern Latin texts. We first evaluate the performance o f the open source OCR framework, Gamera, on these manuscripts. We then incorporate language mod ling functions to sharpen the character recognition output.


The invention discloses a method for deactivating carriers in a multi-carrier mode. In the method, when user equipment is in a periodical receiving state for a period of time on a carrier or the userequipment does not receive the data sent to the user equipment on the carrier in a period of time, the user equipment deactivates the carrier. The invention also discloses a device and a communicationsystem for deactivating the carriers in the multi-carrier mode. The method, the device and the communication system can save the signaling overhead on a network side and deactivate the carriers through the user equipment, thereby reducing the electricity consumption of the user equipment.


Purification of tannin from Chinese gall nut was studied through treatment with granulated Fuller'earth and activated carbon. The results indicated that the sample with purity of tannin ≥98 %,color 0.6 (Lovibond total color),content of main metal ions ≤0.5 μg/g was obtained respectively by extracting Chinese gall nut solution by 95 % alcohol at 60 ℃,30 mL/min flow rate with combined columns of granulated Fuller'earth and activated carbon.


Phonon-phonon interactions give rise to hypersonic losses whose estimation is possible using theories proposed by Akhieser and Mason. These estimations involve the nonlinearity parameter $D$ which is a function of second- and third-order elastic moduli. In the present work, the temperature dependence of the nonlinearity parameter of copper has been evaluated in the temperature range 50-300 K, for longitudinal as well as shear wave propagation along the $〈100〉$ axis, making use of the experimental results on the temperature variation of second- and third-order moduli. The nonlinearity parameter ${D}_{\mathrm{long}}$ for longitudinal waves is found to increase with temperature, while an opposite effect has been obtained for shear waves. Our estimations of ultrasonic attenuation in Cu at 150 MHz using the temperature variation of ${D}_{\mathrm{long}}$ are in good agreement with experimental results. The agreement is remarkably good at very low temperatures where the calculations of previous workers depart considerably from experiment.


Purpose:To evaluate the clinical value of immunophenotyping of urine lymphocytes by flow cytometer in early kidney transplantation.Methods:Analysis of urine lymphocyte immunophenotype was performed on the 105 urine samples of 37 early kidney transplant recipients. The percentages numbers of CD 3, CD 4, CD 8, CD 19, CD 25 and HLA-DR positively stained cells were recorded and compared between acute rejection group and stable graft function group.Results:Compared to stable graft function group, HLA-DR positively stained cells were very significantly increased(P 0.01)in acute rejection group, CD 8 and CD 25 cells also significantly increased(P 0.05), and CD 3, CD 4 and CD 19 cells were not significantly changed. For evaluation of their ability to diagnose acute renal rejection, higher expression of HLA-DR had sensitivity and specificity value of 86.96% and 90.24% respectively, and higher expression of CD 8 and CD 25 had value of 86.79% and 85.71% respectively. Conclusions:Immunophenotyping of urine lymphocytes by flow cytometer is a useful tool in monitoring immunoreactive change of renal graft.It should be a useful guideline for diagnosis and differentiation of acute rejection in early kidney transplantation.


Abstract The transformations that lead to the rebirth of the true-unconscious-subject-as-I (TUs-as-I) in the unconscious of the patient's mind is discussed. The TUs-as-I is the vehicle and main exponent of self-realization, the basis of the intention for freedom of will, for creative motive, and for the construction of meaning. The unconscious ego is the representative of the TUs-as-I, and in cases where it has been devitalized, the patient's unconscious ego/me is lost, broken, or has become "dead." It is suggested that, in the analytic situation, apart from serving as an external object available for the patient's unconscious imaginary identification, the analyst as the Other also functions as an external Subject, who invites the analysand to respond to his discourse/logos as a supposed-to-be Subject and to identify with his symbolic call. If the patient accepts the call and responds, transformations of his ego/self structures take place that lead to rebirth of the TUs-as-I, to a regenesis of new ego structures, and to a catastrophic change of the "dead imaginary ego-object formations." The present work discusses certain factors and issues that facilitate the regenesis process, the emergence of a "live true self," and offers clinical material for the issues discussed.


We examine how the uncertainties involved in supernova dynamics, as well as in nuclear data inputs, affect the νp-process in the neutrino-driven winds. For the supernova dynamics, we find that the wind termination by the preceding dense ejecta shell, as well as the electron fraction (Ye,3; at 3 × 109 K), plays a crucial role. A wind termination within the temperature range of (1.5–3) × 109 K greatly enhances the efficiency of the νp-process. This implies that the early wind phase, when the innermost layer of the preceding supernova ejecta is still ∼200–1000 km from the center, is most relevant to the νp-process. The outflows with Ye,3 = 0.52–0.60 result in the production of the p-nuclei up to A = 108 with interesting amounts. Furthermore, the p-nuclei up to A = 152 can be produced if Ye,3 = 0.65 is achieved. For the nuclear data inputs, we test the sensitivity to the rates relevant to the breakout from the p–p chain region (A < 12), to the (n, p) rates on heavy nuclei, and to the nuclear masses along the νp-process pathway. We find that a small variation of the rates of triple-α and of the (n, p) reaction on 56Ni leads to a substantial change in the p-nuclei production. We also find that 96Pd (N = 50) on the νp-process path plays a role as a second seed nucleus for the production of heavier p-nuclei. The uncertainty in the nuclear mass of 82Zr can lead to a factor of two reduction in the abundance of the p-isotope 84Sr.


In this paper, we introduce and investigate some weak separation axioms by using the notions of \alpha-open sets and the \alpha-closure operator.


By the analysis of ecological status of Chifeng,we found the limiting factors of agricultural production.It's an inevitable way of solution to build eco-agriculture,develop circular economy,and change the development of agriculture and animal husbandry farming from the tradition to modern for the sustainable development of chifeng.


Parental Psychiatric Disorder. Distressed Parents and their Families. Edited by M Gopfert, J Webster, and M Seeman. (Pp 358; £23.95 paperback.) Cambridge University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-521-45892-7 .

One of the most important things about this book is its existence. For over 30 years there has been systematic evidence about the links between mental health in parents and children and yet this is still inadequately reflected in service structure or function. Here there is a genuine attempt to draw all the different threads together in a constructive fashion. There is …


We consider a quantum dot with mechanical degrees of freedom which is coupled to superconducting electrodes. A Josephson current is generated by applying a phase difference. In the absence of coupling to vibrations, this setup was previously proposed as a detector of magnetic flux and we wish here to address the effect of the phonon coupling to this detection scheme. We compute the charge on the quantum dot and determine its dependence on the phase difference in the presence of phonon coupling and Coulomb interaction. This allows to identify regions in parameter space with the highest charge to phase sensitivity, which are relevant for flux detection. Further insight about the interplay of such couplings and subsequent entanglement properties between electron and phonon degrees of freedom are gained by computing the von Neumann entropy.


Amongst the various types of tumors found in the salivary glands, pleomorphic adenoma showed highest incidence and is said to account for 60-70% of tumors developing in the major salivary glands.Its incidence is particularly high in the parotid gland, followed by the submaxillary gland and lesser salivary glands, in decreasing order. Conversely, cases of growth in the sublingual gland are rare, and detailed reports of these cases in Japan are seldom encountered in the literature.In this paper, we wish to briefly report the case of a 60 year old male with pleomorphic adenoma growth in the sublingual gland.The patient visited a local clinic for caries treatment when a tumor was discovered in the sinistral oral floor. He was introduced to our department for treatment and first visited on June 4, 1982.Examination revealed a tumor with smooth and glossy surface and distinct margins the size of a thumb, along the sublingual fold of the sinistral oral floor.The size of the enucleated tumor was 2.0×2.0×3.0cm. It was soft and resilient, and a cross section revealed greyish-yellow tremelloid contents with chondroid material in some areas. Histopathologically, it was diagnosed pleomorphic adenoma.Two and a half years have elapsed since the operation and although the patient is showing good progress, we feel the necessity for further long term observation since this particular tumor is known to possess recurrence tendencies.


The so-called refugee crisis of the last years has presented Germany with a massive inflow of refugees and migrants. The scale has disrupted Germany's self-narrative as open and tolerant state that has learned from its Nazi past. With local and national institutions not being prepared logistically, with media images portraying a nearly 'overrun' country, and with a significant upsurge in anti-migrant sentiments, a state of mnemonic insecurity has developed in Germany. Far-right political movements gathered strength and voter support, and right-wing extremist violence increased. On the other side, many people actively engaged in a 'welcome culture'. The contribution traces key developments in Germany's approach to the refugee crisis in the context of radicalization trends. It illustrates the dislocation of Germany's identity and self-narrative in an emotionalized discourse, and the following acts to defend memory. It closes with current attempts at memory's re-politicization to something larger than before .


Temperature reconstruction of the last thousand years suggests that an unprecedented warming (0.6°C) occurred over the globe in the last century. However, regional variations in climate are not resolved by Northern Hemisphere reconstructions. In northeastern North America, past climate and, particularly, past winter variations are poorly known. Here, the authors report on the variation of a winter temperature index during the 1620–1910 period, based on the ice bridge formation (IBF) rate on the Saint Lawrence River at Quebec City (Canada), combined with instrumental data (1876–2000). During this 300-yr period, the IBF rate shows that winters in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were warmer than those in the nineteenth century. In particular, the IBF rate suggests that winter severity culminated in the 1850–1900 period, while very few ice bridges were reported between 1620 and 1740, presumably because of warmer temperatures and the relative scarcity of historical documents for the 1680–1740 period. These data suggest that winter temperature, particularly between 1800 and 1910, was 2.4° to 4.0°C colder than the last 30-yr average. Major volcanic eruptions had a significant positive impact on IBF rates, which is consistent with their role as important climate-forcing events.


This work aimed to describe how professionals operate Singular Therapeutic Projects (STP) in Psychosocial Care Centers. For this, qualitative research with a descriptive 1 Apoio e financiamento: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás – FAPEG. 2 Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), GoiâniaGO, Brasil. 3 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 4 Gerência de Saúde Mental. Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Goiás, Goiânia-GO, Brasil. 5 Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brasil. 2 Desafios na operacionalização dos projetos terapêuticos Psicol. estud., v. 25, e49996, 2020 and exploratory nature was developed with 58 professionals from seven Psychosocial Care Centers located in three municipalities in the State of Goiás, Brazil. Data collection was carried out through focus groups and field diary records submitted to thematic content analysis. Data analysis revealed the following thematic categories: Work processes related to the Singular Therapeutic Project; Influence of ambulatory logic on the Singular Therapeutic Project. Thus, the perception of the importance of STP for professionals was revealed. However, their lack of organization and systematization, and the STP elaboration did not even exist in some of the services surveyed. We conclude that professionals recognize the logic of Singular Therapeutic Projects as important to reflect psychosocial care, even though the elaboration is still precarious, medically-centered, and the offer of therapeutic activities restricted to the interior of Psychosocial Care Centers (known in Brazil as Centros de Atenção Psicossociais – CAPS). The evidenced reality points to the need for investment in Permanent Education in Health to qualify the work processes developed in the CAPS by the various professionals who work in them, through the systematization of STP, in order to guarantee psychosocial care as a promoter of care in freedom. This will enable greater effectiveness of social reintegration and also the evaluation of the results obtained.


Earlier studies in Ungulates have indicated that reproductive success is closely related to the mother's reproductive condition or factors affecting this (Sadleir 1969, Guinness et al. 1978). Calf birth-weight, growth and survival are indicated to be dependent on eg. maternal age and weight as well as nutrition (Bergerud 1975, Albon et al. 1983, Rognmo et al. 1983, Eloranta & Nieminen 1986). Mitchell & Brown (1974) showed that red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus) which had not raised a calf the previous summer were significantly more fertile than hinds that had done so. The fertility of hinds is documented to reduce also with late calving in the spring (Clutton-Brock et al. 1983). One explanation suggested for the higher fertility of hinds with higher body-weight and early calving would be that they are more likely to meet the energy demands of pregnancy and lactation, which becomes pronounced with late calving, and produce a viable calf, without risking their lives. In this paper we test the prediction that calving followed by lactation reduces the mother's condition i.e. the body-weight and future reproductive success. Reproduction was studied in the experimental reindeer herd in Inari, Kaamanen (69°10N') in Northern Finland. The fertility and weight changes of a stock of semi-domesticated reindeer {Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) over a period of 16 years has been assessed. The reindeer grazed natural vegetation within the enclosed area of about 70 km 2 . Besides this the reindeer were offered supplementary food during the winter months. The reindeer calved yearly in a paddock of 8 ha. During the calving period the animals were fed with lichens, molasses and pelleted concentrates. The data collected consisted of 842 hinds aged 1 to 14 years when giving birht. Fertility seemed to be ageand weight-dependent, as shown in our earlier study, the calving rate clearly increased with age up to 5 years being 87.2% in hinds calving at the age of 3 to 5 years (Eloranta & Nieminen 1987). Also the weight of hinds is known to increase during the first five years (Eloranta & Nieminen 1986). The present observations on the influence of calving and lactation on the mother's condition and fertility show that reproduction stress reduces neither the body-weight nor the fertility in reindeer in conditions with abundant food. The reindeer were divided into four groups: true yeld (hinds which had not given birth the previous summer) ; yeld (hinds which had borne a calf but lost it during the calving season) ; summer yeld (hinds which had lost the calf in sum-


Hydrocarbon generating pressure-boosting is important in the development of overpressure in West Part of Dongying Depression by analyzing single well pressure,profile pressure and geochemical characteristics.Through the evaluation of the organic matter and burial history- evolution analysis of the source rocks,the mechanism of hydrocarbon generation pressurization was discuss. Combined with hydrocarbon generation pressurization analysis,the generation model of overpressure in West Part of Dongying Depression was established and the evolution of overpressure was divided into three parts: the normal compaction stage,under-compaction and early maturation stage,the mass generation and expulsion of hydrocarbon. hydrocarbon generation pressurization has played an important role in the later stages of the overpressure formation.


Centria University of Applied Sciences Date October 2018 Author Thu Le Degree programme Business Management Name of thesis CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ITS IMPACT ON ORGANIZATION'S FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE. Case Finnair Oyj and Kesko Oyj Supervisor Janne Peltoniemi Pages 33+2 Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is no longer a new thing to companies; it has played an integral part in firms' strategies in recent years. This thesis aimed to analyze the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its correlation with the organization's financial performance. The roles of managers and stakeholders also influence CSR engagements and outcomes, so they were analyzed in the research. In addition, CSR benefits were emphasized to discover how it might add value to a business as well. Case studies were about two Finnish companies: Finnair and Kesko. The qualitative method was used in this research via interviews with managers from CSR and financial departments. The study materials were obtained from books, articles, journals from library and some online sources. To approach the result, accounting-based index (return on equity and return on assets) will be used. Research data were collected from annual reports and sustainability reports of the two enterprises. With the theoretical part and analysis, the thesis findings include that CSR significantly contributes to business and rewards for being more socially responsible are efficiency in daily operation, employee commitment, customer satisfaction, reputation and profits. Importantly, there is a positive connection between social responsibility and financial values of a company, even though it is difficult to find out the actual effect of CSR activities to the firms' annual earnings. Furthermore, managers are extremely important people whose role affects CSR engagements and outcomes of the company. This research gives companies, investors, stakeholders as well as future researchers better views in CSR and potential benefits from its engagement. Readers can know how important CSR is and its positive impact on the business's financial performance since CSR is likely to grow over time. Therefore, they can utilize better ideas, stretch relevant strategies to maximize their profitability, rational investments as well as future research developments.


A new method of measuring gas flow in large pipe based on the ionization effect of gas irradiated with rays was presented.The measurement principle of the flowmeter has been theoretically analysed,the elements of gas ionized and the configuration and voltage of detecting plates for measuring was examined.Based on the results,the β ray ionization gas flowmeter was developed,test indicates that the flowmeter is stable,the measuring accuracy is in the range of 3% and has fairly capabilities of anti-disturbance and anti-pollution.


Nowadays,the crew resource is quite thin;to seek the long-term development,shipping enterprises should have the ability to keep the crew and build a high-quality crew team.The paper analyzed the present situation of the crew market,proposed the human-based management solution,and studied the new mode of the crew management for shipping enterprises.


Background and purpose-Blood pressure variability has a significant effect on stroke. There were controversial reports about its relationship with short term functional outcome remains controversial for ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). There were limited studies about its long-term effect. Our aim was to elucidate the effect of BPV on a 3-month functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA. Methods—In this prospective observational study, a consecutive series of 400 patients were enrolled with acute ischemic stroke or TIA within 7 days. All patients were referred and monitored for BP at 2-hour intervals in the first 24 hours. Afterward, the BP was recorded every four hours up to the 7th day, with 1-hour deviation the daytime and 2 hours at night. All BP results were recorded into an electronic medical record (EMR) system. Average real variability (ARV) was used to analyze the blood pressure variability (BPV). All patients were followed up as planned for 90 days. The primary outcome was evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS); an unfavorable outcome was mRS≥2. For comparison, patients were respectively divided into two groups based on systolic blood pressure ARV (SBP ARV) or diastolic blood pressure ARV (DBP ARV). A multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the effect of between ARV BPV on functional outcomes. Results-Among the 400 patients, 46 (11.4%) had an unfavorable outcome (mRS>2) at 90 days. Their mean 24h DBP ARV was significantly higher than others (10.42±3.63 vs. 9.83±4.27 mm Hg; p=0.03). The high 24hDBPARV was defined above the median of 7.75 mmHg, which was statistically associated with an unfavorable outcome (64.7% vs. 35.3%; P=0.004). Further stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that 24h high DBPARV was the independent predictor of an unfavorable outcome (adjusted OR 2.44%, 95% confidence interval: 1.24-4.74, P<0.01). Conclusions—High DBPARV during the acute phase is an independent and significant predictor of 90-day functional outcome for ischemic stroke or TIA.


PURPOSE: To obtain a monoclonal antibody reactive with the endotoxin core of Gram-negative bacteria by culturing self-reproducing carrier cells containing a gene coding for the production of a specific monoclonal antibody. CONSTITUTION: A splenocyte or peripheral blood lymphocyte obtained from a human donor immunized with endotoxin core is fused with a mouse myeloma fusion partner to obtain a self-reproducing human-mouse hybridoma capable of producing the objective human monoclonal antibody reactive with the endotoxin core. Next, the above hybridoma is intraperitoneally administered in amounts enough to initiate an ascites tumor in an animal suppressed in histocompatibility or immunity; subsequently, after the lapse of time enough to produce the antibody, the objective antibody is recovered from the ascites of the animal. This monoclonal antibody is used in diagnosing infections induced by endotoxin- bearing microbes. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


Introduction Transport in fusion devices is a phenomenon with high degree of complexity. Localized layers where E ×B shear stabilization mechanisms are likely playing a role, have extensively been proved to have a beneficial impact in confinement. A reduction in turbulence amplitude is expected and measured [6]. However few attempts have been made to study the effects of such layer on the morphology of turbulent structures [8]. Two-dimensional images of edge plasma turbulence have been obtained by high-speed imaging in the visible range in the edge of tokamak devices [9], [7]. This paper reports a a 2-D visualization of transport in the plasma edge of TJ-II stellarator. We introduce an wavelet-based image analysis method to localize and characterize blob-like structures. The impact of shear flow on turbulent structures is investigated by means of this method.


Recently,it has become one of the hotspots to study the phylogeny and molecular evolution in fish taxonomy using molecular markers.In previous researches,mitochondrial genes(mtDNA) were commonly used as molecular markers;however disadvantages existed as well.In fish molecular phylogenetic researches,nuclear genes(nDNA) can be used instead of mitochondrial genes,by which the phylogenetic tree generates unexpected results on some occasions.In this article,we reviewed the frequently-used nDNA and their available applications in fish molecular phylogenetic studies,as well as the existed problems and the feasible resolutions.18S rDNA and 28S rDNA are conserved and often apply to the senior taxa,while in the study of the close phylogenetic relationship of species and different geographic group,researchers would like to choose ITSs and SINEs as molecular markers.For the further applications of nDNA,the comparison of the different usages of nDNA and mtDNA in fish phylogenetics were also compared.


One of the public transportation in Bekasi which serves commuters Jabodetabek is provided by the railroad-based public transport. However, as a satellite city of Jakarta which has more than two million people of population has a massive movement toward Jakarta, Bekasi city transport system is still far from a concept of a seamless services that accomodate the needs of commuters traveling. This research used techniques of qualitative and quantitative method, then though descriptive statistical analysis technique, analytical technique Service Quality (Servual, and Important-erformance Analysis (IPA) which the respondents are passengers of a Jabodetabek Commuters Line. The results suggest that modal choice behavior towards and from the station (Access Mode) as well as from the station to the destination (Egress Mode) is influenced by the 'Time Value' and 'Cost of Transport'. When the modes offered a great time to the station, the more unattractive to the people, as the greater respondent's income make them free to choose the modes, a faster transport time services but requires a greater transport costs .


Water and fertilizer are two important factors in seedlings growth and development, the reasonable management of water and fertilizer can play a greater growth potential for seedling, and blind management of water and Fertilizer not only is harmful for seedling growth, but also will lead to the water resource waste and environmental pollution. In order to precisely determine the seedlings fertilizer demand, this paper presents a method seedlings fertilizer and water measurement and control system based on wireless sensor network, the system can realize automatic deployment of information acquisition node, data self-organization transfer, namely, wireless communication, and can accurately detect information of soil water and fertilizer and identify water and Fertilizer on the best demand of seedlings growth stages for different seedlings, different regions, different period of climate and seedling growth status, so the best water and fertilizer control is achieved in seedling cultivation. This system were introduced and analyzed from the hardware structure, software structure and so on in this paper, and it has the advantages of low power consumption, low cost, good robustness, flexibility and so on. The experiment results shown that the system is practical and efficient, which can be applied in farmland, and nursery area.


According to the characteristics of general aircraft,simulation system of EGPWS applied in general aviation is designed.The system first implements a quick search and update of the global terrain data,horizontal and vertical terrain awareness alerting model are built,two-dimensional terrain maps showed on the cockpit traffic information display(CDTI)and threedimensional topographical scene showed in World Wind are completed.The flight simulation experiments in GIS test the effectiveness of the system.It is proved by simulation test that the simulation system can provide real-time display of the terrain and the accurate warning information for the aircraft,and it can meet the design requirement of EGPWS,which has feasibility of practical application.


We study the symplectic Bott-Chern cohomology by L.-S. Tseng and S.-T. Yau for solv- manifolds endowed with left-invariant symplectic structures.


Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) as a new generation of transistors has been importantly considered due to his potential applications and breakthrough of technologies in the field of microelectronics and information. The shifted focus in research is from novel chemical structures to fabrication technologies. Progress in the growing field of OFETs is being discussed in detail.


This article introduces the composition of USB, communications mode, characteristics and technology of message frame, and then it specially expounds the types of flash memory based on USB2.0, transfers truss and the mechanism of data interim storage and swap, etc..


We propose here a general statistic for the goodness-of-fit test of statistical models. The proposed statistic is constructed based on an estimate of Kullback–Leibler information. The properties of the proposed test are stated and then the established results are used to introduce goodness-of-fit tests for the normal and exponential distributions. A simulation study is carried out for examining the power of the proposed test and to compare it with those of some existing procedures. Our study shows that the proposed test is superior to the competitors in most of the considered cases and can confidently apply in practice. Finally, some illustrative examples are presented and analysed, and concluding comments are made.


Objective:To evaluate the drug stability of omeprazole in 4 kind of solutions in vitro.Methods:40 mg omeprzole was added into 4 different solutions respectively at room temperature,pH and visual appearance of the ad- mixture were surveyed in 6 hours,omeprzole concentrations were also determined by HPLC method.The effect of tem- perature on the stability of omeprazole and the change of impurity peak were also determined.Results:The pH and concentration of omeprazole solutions didn't show the significant difference when omeprazole admixed with 0.9% NaCl.But omeprazole becomes unstable at high temperature.Conclusion:It is indicated that the stability of Ome- prazole made in domatic products is good enough to meet the clinical use.Omeprazole should be admixed with 0.9% NaC1 at room temperature,and must be used up in 2 hours when admixed with 5% GS,10% GS and 5% GNS.


In response to the problem that collection and distribution of freights are blocked at the ports of Guangxi Beibu gulf during the development of its logistic, We improved the transport network of Guangxi Beibu gulf from the intermodal transport perspective, and examined the relative multi-objective vehicle routing problem. We established a transportation path model, where travel time and route cost would be minimized, and transportation mean sharing index was used as the index to indicate the utilization of transportation means. We also proposed a heuristic algorithm that could be applied to solve the multi-objective vehicle routing problem. Firstly, we computed all non-dominated paths by Martins' algorithm on which a slight modification was defined. Secondly, from the resulting path set, we deleted those paths that did not respect operators' compatibility. Lastly, transportation means assignment was completed. Simulated cases about intermodal transport showed that this heuristic algorithm was efficient.


Recently, Baggio-Zappia et al. (2011) reported the ef -fects of GB virus C (GBV-C) on interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ in CD4 and CD8 T cells. GBV-C coin -fection was not associated with lower immune activation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive indi -viduals as measured by CD38 expression per cell and IL-2 and IFN-γ expressing cells in their study. We agree with Baggio-Zappia et al. (2011) that "several factors, such as differences in the study populations, the stage of HIV in -fection and the time of GBV-C acquisition, may account for the discrepant results reported by different research groups". However, two major factors may confound inter -pretation of the results reported by Baggio-Zappia et al. and provide the most likely explanation for the discrepant results observed between this study and previous reports (Maidana-Giret et al. 2009, Baggio-Zappia et al. 2011).First, approximately 85% of the subjects studied were on potent combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and had nondetectable HIV RNA levels in their plasma. cART lowers T cell activation, raises CD4 counts, decreases HIV VL and thus interferes significantly with other fac -tors associated with HIV disease progression (Autran et al. 1997, Carcelain et al. 2001, Lederman 2001). Since the vast majority of subjects in the study of Baggio-Zappia et al. (2011) were effectively treated by cART, it is not surprising that GBV-C did not have an observed effect on the clinical variables studied (CD4, HIV VL etc.).Secondly, Baggio-Zappia et al. (2011) froze the periph -eral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) prior to conduct -ing in vitro studies of activation, IL-2 and IFN-γ cytokine production. Freeze-thawing PBMCs can alter detection of both surface marker expression and T cell function (Kvarn -strom et al. 2004, Mallone et al. 2011). By comparison, several groups found a reduction in CD38 on CD4 and/or CD8 T cells in HIV-infected subjects using fresh PBMCs (Bhattarai et al. 2011, Maidana-Giret et al. 2009). In addi -tion, HIV entry (chemokine) receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are upregulated on CD4 and CD8 T cells following T cell activation (Smith et al. 2002). Three independent groups found reduced levels of CCR5 on CD4 cells using fresh, non-frozen PBMCs and one of these studies also found reduced levels of CXCR4 on CD4 cells (Nattermann et al. 2003, Maidana-Giret et al. 2009, Schwarze-Zander et al. 2010). Finally, IL-2 interactions with GBV-C have been demonstrated in vitro (George et al. 2003, Bhattarai 2011) and in vivo (Stapleton et al. 2009) using fresh, non-frozen cells for flow cytometry studies.Since cART will lower detection of cell surface mark-ers of T cell activation, making detection of a diminu-tion by GBV-C more difficult to detect, and since frozen PBMCs can alter levels of T cell activation markers, we believe that the study of Baggio-Zappia et al. (2011) does not negate the prior studies that used fresh PBMCs to evaluate T cell activation. However, the results illustrate the need for more direct and thorough studies of GBV-C on T cell function in individuals with HIV-infection.


This study aimed to gather the perception of students regarding online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, on the aspect of the existence of teaching lecturers and interactions between lecturers and students. This study used a qualitative descriptive research method. The sources of data were observation data, students' interview results, and documentation of online lecture activities. The results showed that the existence of teaching lecturers in online learning was going well. This was proven by the lecturer providing planning of teaching materials according to the learning objectives but not providing the lecture syllabus, explaining the lecture contract to students at the beginning of the lecture, and providing the lecture schedule which was carried out by the lecturer being present on time. The results of research on the interaction between lecturers and students showed positive results. However, there were also things that needed to be improved, such as the internet network.


Vaginal Discharge is a common complaint of women coming for medical consultation, it is characterized by discharge per vagina, with itching. It is very common in developing countries like India where unhygienic condition are prevalent, Stressful Modern life styles, Food Habits, Social status. It is common problem which affect women during reproductive age. WHO has estimated that there are 333 million new cases of curable Vulvovaginal infections per year. Many formulations have been mentioned in Ayurvedic texts for treatment of Yonigatasrava. Panchvalkal has been explained in Bhavprakash. The main objective of this review article is to discuss the thereupatic uses of Panchvalkal in various diseases and to discuss the different pharmacological properties and thereupatic uses of Panchvalkal . The selected drug is found to be effective in vaginal discharge w.s.r. to its Antimicrobial properties. It helps in eliminating symptoms like Srava, Kandu, Dorgandhya, Vedana etc. it has Kashya and Katu Properties. These Gunas are effective on vitiated Kapha and normalize it. The present attempt to encompass the up to date comprehensive literature to Study the mode of action of Panchvalkal in vaginal discharge w.s.r. to Ayurvedic properties and Modern pharmacology.


Th e fi rst data on the everyday life and descriptions and assessments of the appearance and body build of one or another nation or inhabitants (men, women, children) of a geographical region can be found in the writings of early travellers and explorers. Th e fi rst such characterisations of Estonians date from the second half of the 18th century. In the introduction to his monograph on Estonian men's anthropology printed in Tartu in 1964, Prof. Juhan Aul wrote that in that year 150 years had passed from the publication of the fi rst anthropological study of Estonians. Th is was the doctoral thesis of Karl Ernst von Baer, a graduate of the Imperial University of Dorpat (the present University of Tartu), defended on 29 August 1814 (10 September New Style) [5] On Estonians' Endemic Diseases (Figure 1). He was the fi rst to give more detailed descriptions and assessments of Estonians' (men's, women's and children's) body build and appearance than before. K. E. von Baer's doctoral thesis was the fi rst step on his long and fruitful path as a scientist, and it also marked the beginning of the anthropological research of Estonians. Prof. J. Aul's monograph was thus dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the defence of K. E. von Baer's doctoral thesis as well as to the beginning of Estonians' anthropological research [16].


Objective: This project evaluates the effect of "dyading" on pediatric outpatient care. Methods: In "dyading," the medical assistant (MA) works with the provider in the exam room during the chart review, history taking, and patient education. In sequential care, the patient interacts with the MA, then the provider, then the MA again, with waiting in between. The authors measured visit time (from the MA starting with patient to the end of visit), the mean number of patients seen in a clinic session per provider, and patient satisfaction. Results: After implementation of "dyading," mean visit time decreased from 37 ± 14 to 25 ± 11 minutes, the mean number of visits/session increased from 8.24 to 9.25, and waiting in the exam room reported by families decreased from 77% to 46%. Conclusions: "Dyading" decreased visit time, which increased the number of patients seen, thereby improving access to care. Patient time in the exam room decreased, which freed up exam rooms.


The history of organic agriculture in the world is reviewed in this paper.The development of organic agriculture in the world had gone through three stages,e.g.emergence,expansion and growth.The main characteristics during the different development stages of organic agriculture are briefly introduced.This paper analyzes the development status of organic agriculture in Oceania,North America,Europe and Asia by land area under organic management,organic producers and sales of organic products,and it also summarize the successful experiences of organic agriculture in these regions.The development status of organic agriculture in China is reviewed by sales of organic products,regions of organic production and spatial distribution of organic enterprises.This study puts forward some suggestions for the further development of organic agriculture in China.


The development of foodservice franchise is inevitable in the developmental process of domestic foodservice industry and it has been led by some big enterprises and foreign brands, but foodservice franchise of a new and differential form will be rapidly developed. The success of franchise can be resulted under the recognition that franchiser and franchise are in the common fate as the partner. Franchisee must make its best efforts to enhance the unity and value of brand jointly with franchiser. Therefore, franchisee has to make efforts to maintain the quality of commodity and service. not to damage the value of title and follow the guidance and effort of franchiser it chose. Franchise must have the recognition that the success of franchisee is the key of that of franchiser and give franchisee a reliability in order that it follows the ordef of franchiser, it must have the consciousness that it can achieve the success through the increase of sales by franchisee and support franchisee with trust not to have the easygoing way of thinking to derive its income of commission from increasing the number of franchisees.


Abstract : A double dilution reactor for InP growth is described and problems concerning the fabrication of Schottky diodes and MIS contacts on InP are addressed. Device grade material has been obtained from this system.


Text clustering is one of the difficult and hot research fields in the internet search engine research. A new text clustering algorithm is presented based on K-means and Self-Organizing Model (SOM). Firstly, texts are preprocessed to satisfy succeed process requirement. Secondly, the paper improves selection of initial cluster centers and cluster seed selection methods of K-means to improve the deficiency of K-means algorithm that the K-means algorithm is very sensitive to the initial cluster center and the isolated point text. Thirdly the advantages of k-means and SOM are combined to a new model to cluster text in the paper. Finally the experimental results indicate that the improved algorithm has a higher accuracy compared with the original algorithm, and has a better stability.


Change detection in images or video sequences is used to detect anomalies or important variations in the scene. Although much research has focused on change detection in surveillance videos, there is little work related to change detection on aerial or satellite imagery. This paper presents a deep learning approach for change detection in satellite images. The proposed approach utilizes Spatial Transformer Networks (STNs) which learn to perform a coordinate transformation to localize potential change regions. With unsupervised training the STN system examines differences between images for significant change activity. Our initial results illustrate the merit of this method.


Bioremediation of soil petroleum contamination was studied by monitoring changes of Leguminosae plant, no Leguminosae plant (Agropyron cristatum and Trioflium repens) and soil nitrogen isotopic composition, for a time period of plant growing 1 month. Results showed that under different soil petroleum contaminated concentrations, δ15N of Agropyron cristatum and Trioflium repens changed significantly. Agropyron cristatum and Trioflium repens δ15N decreased with soil petroleum contamination concentration increased. δ15N values of Agropyron cristatum were more positively than δ15N values of Trioflium repens. Contrast to soil δ15N values with planted Agropyron cristatum, soil δ15N with planted Trioflium repens was steady under different soil petroleum contaminated concentrations. This may be related to Trioflium repens has ability to fixed nitrogen in the air to compensate nitrogen shortage in the soil, which imply that using Leguminosae plant, Trioflium repens as bioremediation plant is more useful than no Leguminosae plant, Agropyron cristatum. The study results shows that δ15N of plant and soil can be use to indicate the effect of bioremediation. More study work of plant and soil isotopic composition(C, N) research under soil petroleum contamination should be done, which can give us more accurate information about effect of bioremediation of plant and microbial under soil petroleum contamination.


Background  There is ongoing debate regarding the influence of minor changes in thyroid status within the normal range and body mass index (BMI). Overt thyroid dysfunction is well recognized to affect weight, but the influence of minor perturbations of thyroid function remains unclear.


This article introduces the technical characteristics and vibration of vertical high speed centrifugal pump,analyzes the vibration failure of high speed centrifugal pump system, and puts forward corresponding improvement measures,so as to ensure the stable operation of the unit.


'On s'engage et puis on voit.' Lenin's fondness for this particular Napoleonic maxim was not widely shared by one group of socialists who appeared in Britain during the second decade of this century. For them the struggle did not, except in a very limited way, determine its outcome. The proper revolutionary method did not consist primarily in engaging the enemy, with the course of the war determining the nature of the victory. For the Guild Socialists (as this group was called) the problem was rather that of devising and pursuing the sort of struggle which seemed most likely to issue in the victory whose essential details they had already established. Merely to overthrow capitalism and to smash the state was not difficult, but neither was it enough. Capitalism had not only to be displaced but replaced, and it was just this which Guild Socialism claimed competence to do. Not only was it necessary to achieve socialism; it was also vital to be clear about the essential nature of that socialism. Unless this were


An experimental method is described for determining the stimulated emission cross section σ of a gas laser. The method was used to measure σ for the 00°1–10°0 vibrational transition of the CO2 molecule in a compact waveguide laser having a beryllia ceramic discharge tube. The determination of σ was based on an experimental measurement of the luminescence drop at 4.3 μ wavelength, and of the laser output power at 10.6 μ wavelength. The value of σ0 measured at zero photon flux density in the waveguide resonator, for a gas mixture Xe–CO2–N2–He at a pressure of 6.65 kPa, was 1.84×10−18 cm2. The effective value of the upper active-level lifetime of the CO2 molecule was also determined.


Hybrid excited machine (HEM) is a novel type of machine which has attracted much attention as it is able to adjust the flux linkage flexibly and ensure the wide speed range operation. In this paper, a novel brushless HEM with permanent magnet (PM) located in rotor is further researched. By supplying specific armature currents, the sub‐harmonic component magnetomotive force (MMF) in stator MMF would be generated and utilized to realize the brushless hybrid excited operation. Firstly, the generation principle of the sub‐harmonic component is derived analytically. Secondly, during the brushless hybrid excited operation, the influence of the stator current amplitude ratio m$$ m $$ is quantitatively studied. Thirdly, based on 2D finite element analysis (FEA), the electromagnetic performance of the brushless HEM is analyzed under different operation statuses over a wide speed range. At last, the experiment is performed based on a 6 kW brushless HEM prototype machine, and the correctness of the theoretical analysis and FEA results are validated by the test. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.


We present an analytical survey of the explanations—price pressure, downward-sloping demand curves, improved liquidity, improved operating performance, and increased investor awareness—for the increase in stock value associated with inclusion in the S&P 500 Index. We find that increased investor awareness is the primary factor behind the cross-section ofabnormal announcement returns. We also find some evidence of temporary price pressure around the inclusion date. We find no evidence that long-run downward-sloping demand curves for stocks, anticipated improvements in operating performance, or increased liquidity are related to the cross-section of announcement or inclusion returns.