Abstract This article intends to analyze the possible structure of the appropriation of traditional knowledge through the patent rights system. The research question is whether the international legislation on patents and biodiversity may be contributing to the process of appropriating traditional knowledge and natural genetic resources associated with Brazilian biodiversity from the Amazon region. The aim is to cross-reference the empirical facts concerning the use of traditional knowledge and the effects of the legal treatment of patent rights. The theory to be constructed is that the international regulations on patent rights and biodiversity contribute to the process of appropriating traditional knowledge associated with Brazilian biodiversity. Therefore, empirical qualitative research is conducted, utilizing the rules of inference developed by Lee Epstein and Gary King and the grounded theory methodology. Finally, the case of Phyllomedusa bicolor (Kampô frog) was selected and studied to extract empirical data which can be used to enunciate the theory of appropriation of natural genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge from the South by the North.


Based on the theoretical model of physical adaptation,this study developed corresponding open questionnaire.Through analyzing on vocabulary frequency,the research extracted high-frequency vocabulary and came to understand characteristics of senior citizen's physical adaptation.On the basis of the above-mentioned result,referring to items of related scales,the research developed evaluation scale of human adaptation capability(elderly people's version-A) which includes 68 items.After analysis of discriminating ability,item-total correlation,item-others correlation and item's difficulty,it deleted 30 items and then developed evaluation scale of human adaptation capability(elderly people's version-B).Finally,through test and modification of overall model,it deleted 3 items to establish evaluation scale of human adaptation capability (elderly people's version).Scale's item quality,composite reliability,discriminate validity meet the standard of measurement.However,further study was needed to test its measurement invariance and stability.


This paper deals with the electric field sensor and automatic measuring system of the time-varying space electric field produced by lightning discharges. The theoretical principle and the design rule of the measuring devices are investigated, and the semisphere-type electric field sensor and the signal process system are fabricated. From the calibration experiments, the frequency bandwidth of the measuring system ranges from 200 [Hz] to 1.56 [MHz] and the sensitivity is 0.96 [m V/V/m] as the amplification gain is 10. In addition, the electric field waveforms produced by lightning discharges are observed by the proposed electric field measuring system from June to August in 1995. The data is sampled with the time interval of 200 [ns] and is automatically recorded by transient signal analyzer(Necolet Pro 30), the resolution of which is 12 bit. And it is registered at personal computer. The electric field waveforms produced by intracloud discharge tend to be bipolar, with two or three narrow and fast rising pulses superimposed on the initial half-cycle.


Development of powerful brain imaging techniques has revolutionised our knowledge of the patterns of cerebral activation which underlie the performance of cognitive tasks. particularly striking is the extent to which cognitive performance has been shown to be accompanied by motor processing even in the absence of physical movement, consistent also with considerable behavioral evidence. By definition, left-handed and right-handed people exhibit systematic differences in motor processing. It is thus possible in principle that handedness-dependent differences in patterns of motor activation may exert observable effects upon cognitive performance. New evidence suggests that this is indeed the case. It has been shown that people's handedness can significantly influence the accuracy of what they remember. Cognitive Science thus needs a chiral component. The results of experiments support the hypothesis that handedness effects are linked directly to specific patterns of motor activation, rather than indirectly to general differences in hemispheric processing.


The generation of different types of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in lithotripsy is investigated by numerical simulations using COMSOL, considering either the case of a weakly focused shock wave as an incident plane wave (in the focal plane) in shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) or a spherically divergent shock wave produced by a spark discharge in Nano Pulse Lithotripsy (NPL). The interaction of these two types of shock waves with an artificial kidney stone immersed in water may generate three different types of SAWs: namely, Scholte wave, acoustic surface evanescent wave (ASEW), and leaky Rayleigh wave (LRW). In particular, we examined the generation of SAWs on a flat, cylindrical, or spherical surface under different incident angles. It was found that the geometry and acoustic properties of the stone could significantly influence the types of SAWs generated and the resultant peak tensile stress produced at the stone-water boundary. Comparison with experimental measurements (i.e., Schlieren and photoelastic ...


The article reports on a study by Martin Kilduff and David V. Day of Pennsylvania State University, which focused on the effects of self-monitoring on management careers and executive promotions. According to the researchers, high self-monitors adjust their self-presentation during an interview to meet the situation or role expectation. Low self-monitors show less concern about making an impression. The study tracked the careers of executives who had master in business administration degrees and found that high self-monitors are more likely to change employers, be promoted faster, and make job-related moves.


Cold pools are areas of cool downdraft air, that form through evaporation underneath precipitating clouds and spread on the surface as density currents. Their importance for the development and maintenance of convection is long known. Modern Large-Eddy simulations with a grid spacing of 1 km or less explicitly resolve cold pools, however, they lack reference data for an adequate validation. Available operational networks are too coarse and, therefore, miss the horizontal structure and dynamics of cold pools.

The pioneering field experiment FESST@HH aims to shed light on this observational blind spot. During summer 2020 a dense network of 102 ground-based stations covering the greater area of Hamburg (Germany) realized meteorological measurements at sub-mesoscale resolution (Δx < 2 km, Δt ≤ 10 s), that provide novel insights into previously unobserved features of cold pools. Over three months more than 30 cold-pool events of different strength and size from various types of convection were detected. Analyses of prominent cases suggest a strong relationship between the local perturbations in air temperature and pressure within a cold pool, that allows inference about its vertical depth based on the hydrostatic assumption. Furthermore, temporary decoupling of horizontal variability in these signals reveal the presence of local non-hydrostatic pressure perturbations caused by convective downdrafts. The presented work will help to better understand the characteristics and life cycle of cold pools and to identify potential biases in convection-permitting simulations.


Reinhardt, W., Schmidt, B., Sloep, P. B., & Drachsler, H. (2011). Knowledge Worker Roles and Actions - Results of Two Empirical Studies. Knowledge and Process Management, 18(3), 150–174. doi: 10.1002/kpm.378 Online: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/kpm.378/abstract


The current study explores endophytic Indian Muscodor isolates for their mycofumigation potential to prevent decay of various fruits by gray mold B. cinerea. Nutrient (1-5% dextrose) and temperature (23-30°C) conditions were optimized for each Muscodor isolate using one factor at a time approach. The antimicrobial potential of Muscodor isolates was evaluated using VOC stress bioassay where the growth of B. cinerea was completely inhibited by #16 AMLWLS and #130 TMDSTYEL whereas the other Muscodor isolates inhibited the growth of B. cinerea by 10 to 55%. Volatiles emanated by #1639 CCSTITD did not induce any inhibitory effect on B. cinerea. Based on screening results, #16 AMLWLS and #130 TMDSTYEL were chosen for evaluation of their mycofumigation potential. The volatiles produced by #16 AMLWLS and #130 TMDSTYEL over PDA medium provided complete protection to apples, grapes and strawberries till 10 th days of fumigation against B. cinerea. 25 g of wheat grain colonized Muscodor isolates also showed complete inhibition B. cinerea thereby providing shielding effect to the tested fruits whereas the same Muscodor isolates when colonized over rye grain did not exhibit any mycofumigation activity. SPME/GC-MS analysis of #16 AMLWLS exhibited a mixture of 23 volatile compounds predominantly producing 3-cyclohexen-1-ol,1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl; 1,6-dioxacyclododecane7,12-dione; 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-(1-oxopropyl) phenol; 2,4-di-tert-butylthiophenol and 4-octadecylmorpholine. These volatiles synergistically induce mycofumigation effect. Thus based on the above results it can be concluded that volatile produced by Indian Muscodor species possess significant mycofumigation potential which can be further applied for preventing the decay of commercially important fruits.


Aristotle's notion of identity is investigated on this article. This investigation is focused on Top. I7, where different ways of using of the word 'same' are analysed. Two major claims are made. First of all, Aristotle does not seem to be committed to hold that there are different types of identity. The second point concerns contingent identity. What Aristotle says about numerical identity does not commit him to the view that identity can be contingent and it is consistent with the claim that identity statements are in all cases necessary.


Campus culture construction plays an important role in the development of higher vocational college. Higher vocational colleges should constantly push forward the construction of material culture, spiritual culture, and system culture with vocational education characteristics.


The Krein transform is the real counterpart of the Cayley transform and gives a one-to-one correspondence between the positive relations and symmetric contractions. It is treated with a slight variation of the usual one, resulting in an involution for linear relations. On the other hand, a semi-bounded linear relation has closed semi-bounded symmetric extensions with semi-bounded selfadjoint extensions. A self-consistent theory of semi-bounded symmetric extensions of semi-bounded linear relations is presented. By using The Krein transform, a formula of positive extensions of quasi-null relations is provided.


Introduction: Asthma is heterogenous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on health services where telemedicine could provide alternative method to evaluate patient's condition, reduce risk of infection and disease transmission. The aim of this study is to analysis knowledge, asthma symptoms control and risk factors among the asthmatic patients via telemedicine
Methods: Data was obtained from telemedicine of 28 asthmatic patients in the context of community services. Inclusion criteria is stable asthmatic patients who conducted medical interview via videocall application. Cross sectional data were taken including demographic, knowledge of subjects, profile of subjects, and assessment of asthma symptoms control and assessment of poor outcomes. Data were analyzed descriptively and variables were analyzed using chi-square.
Results: Subjects consisted of 28 stable asthmatic patients. The average of asthma onset was 17.96 years old. Clinically profile showed that 67.86% subjects were not routinely controlled, 64.29% had never performed pulmonary function test, 67.86% subjects didn't know the level of asthma control symptoms. Evaluation based on GINA symptoms control only 39.29% were in good control condition, 35.71% were partially controlled and 25% in uncontrolled condition. Use of inhaler device recently or previously prescribed on 67.86% subjects. Evaluation of knowledge about asthma still unsatisfactory, 67.86% subjects didn't know about their modifiable risk factors, 96.43% didn't know about written action asthma plan, 60.71% didn't know about asthma exercise. Self-medication was associated with poor asthma control (p=0,036) and knowledge about modifiable risk factors related to asthma symptoms control (p=0,041).
Conclusion: Self-medication is related to uncontrolled asthma and knowledge of modifiable factors is related asthma symptoms control. It is important to educate the patient about the modifiable risk factors of asthma and how to manage it. Patient knowledge about their disease is still lacking, and there is a need for ongoing education to achieve good asthma control. Alternative intervention through telemedicine especially for continuing education and may therapeutic strategies can be performed as an effort to obtain well controlled asthma in community. Telemedicine, particularly in asthma management may benefit as an alternative approach of healthcare service in the context of pandemic era.


This article aim at solving the problem of local optimal solution easily appear in structural optimization by the algorithm of bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO), and importing improved genetic algorithm (GA), put forward a new algorithm named bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization based on improved genetic algorithm (IGA-BESO). In study, it adopts the dual coding method to build the model of the structure, through a suitable for topology optimization of crossover and mutation with penalty factor method to update the individual genes of the population. This paper, optimize a typical structure for compliance optimization with multiple load cases with method of IGA-BESO, and the optimization results show that the proposed method not only improves the computational efficiency, but also improve the stiffness of the structure.


Four new species, one new subspecies and one new subgenus are discribed in the genus Chrysolina MOTSCH. Chrysolina (Pleurosticha) uraltuvensis n.sp. is described from West Sayan mts. A new subgenus Altailina is described to include the following species: Chrysolina (Altailina) dudkoi dudkoi n. sp. et ssp., Ch. (Altailina) dudkoi ivanovskiana n. ssp., Ch. (Altailina) ogloblini n.sp. and Ch. (Altailina) capricornus n.sp. For Chrysolina (Arctolina) oirota LOPATIN, previously known only from type specimens from "Altai", exact localities are given in West Altai. Chrysolina montana GEBLER is transferred from subgenus Heliostola MOTSCH. to subgenus Bechynia BOURDONNE.


Commitment to a healthy lifestyle as the most important factor in the formation of health at the current stage of the country's socio- economic development becomes an extremely urgent task. Workplace wellbeing programs have been developed focusing on healthy lifestyles, amelioration of behavioral risk factors, and the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Despite the obvious advantages of these programs, their implementation and methodological support is a challenging task in workspace settings. Objective. To evaluate the experience of implementing workplace wellbeing programs among employees in different economic areas using the «ATRIA» e-platform. Material and methods. Experts from the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine have developed a set of tools (questionnaires for employers and employees) designed to help develop and implement workplace wellbeing programs. The link to the electronic resource («ATRIA» platform) was sent out to external experts in preventive medicine to ensure broad coverage of the country's population. The survey was conducted from April 2020 to October 2021. Results. A total of 7.500 workers participated in the survey, 63.2% of whom were women (n=4.735). The mean age of women was 41.8±10.7 years, and that of men was 40.0±10.3 years. Interviewed employees mainly represented companies belonging to the following economic areas: healthcare and sports (42.3%, n=3.172), oil and gas (35.8%, n=2.684), and education, science, and culture (4.4%, n=333). Adverse workplace factors did not bother 44.5% (n=3.334) of respondents. The predominant factors of concern for the rest of the survey participants were the distance from home (14.9%, n=1.115), continuous stress (14.0%, n=1.047), and risk of contracting COVID-19 in the workplace (13.6%, n=1.023). Variability in responses was observed among workers in different economic areas. Employees who participated in the survey would like to be able to have health screenings in the workplace (46.5%, n=3.473), industry and office gymnastics (28.3%, n=2.113), and educational seminars and lectures (26%, n=1.944). Conclusion. Workers' health and safety have traditionally been considered in terms of occupational health and disease prevention, while health promotion and chronic non-communicable disease prevention activities in the workplace are rarely implemented. The present study showed that workers in different economic areas are concerned about some adverse factors in the workplace due to the nature of their work activities. The most preferred workplace wellbeing programs differ among employees of different organizations. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR]


Abstract This paper reports the results of two studies of reading comprehension of Flemish children in Belgium. In the northern part of Belgium (Flanders), Dutch is the official language. The Dutch-speaking inhabitants of Flanders are called Flemish. Dutch is also the national language of the Netherlands. Despite both groups using Dutch, cultural differences between the groups are reflected in healthcare and education. Study 1 investigated the effect of these differences on the reading comprehension of deaf children. Reading levels of Flemish deaf children with cochlear implants (CI) (n = 30) or hearing aids (HA) (n = 44) were compared with reference data of Dutch deaf children with CI (n = 50) and HA (n = 500), and with a hearing norm group. Study 2 investigated sources of variability by examining the underlying processes of reading comprehension of good and poor Flemish deaf readers from the CI group in Study 1. Results of Study 1 showed significantly better reading levels for the two Flemish groups. These differences may reflect Belgian policy aiming at early implantation and the use of spoken language communication. The second study contrasted good and poor readers' working memory capacity scores, including verbal and non-verbal working memory scores, morphosyntactic ability, and phonological encoding in order to explore which underlying processes contributed to reading performance in the Flemish CI users. Results showed a tendency toward better morphosyntactic abilities and better working memory skills in the good readers. Three factors appear to explain the better reading of Flemish children with CIs: amount of spoken language input in communication, access to spoken language through a cochlear implant, and age at implantation.


Fastpath generates non-robust, robust or single-path-sensitization hazard-free robust path-delay tests for standard scan designs including high-impedance elements and functionally-described blocks. Results show effective and memory-efficient operation.


Materials have been developed in recent years which are particularly well‐suited for use in fabricated gas turbine hot section components. Among these are HAYNES® alloy No. 230 and HASTELLOY® alloy S. These alloys combine very good performance characteristics with capability for fabrication into such complex components as combustion chambers, afterburner flame‐holders, seal rings, and thermocouple/probe assemblies. The properties and fabrication characteristics of these two materials are reviewed and compared with other well‐known gas turbine alloys.


Fuel tank (10), particularly a tank without membrane (10) forming a deposit inside area (12) which is limited against an exterior area (14) by a double wall structure (16), wherein said double wall structure (16) comprises an outer wall (18) and an inner wall (20), a rib structure (36, 56) of a plurality of ribs (36) extending inwardly into said interior area (12) from said double wall structure (16), and whereby within a region of overlap (70), the edge portions of the segments of outer wall (78), (80) overlap each other and are sealingly connected through fixing elements (22). characterized in that said double wall structure (16) comprises on the inner wall (20) and / or segments inner wall (72, 74), respectively, or the outer wall (18) or segments of outer wall ( 78, 80), respectively, shaped elements dome (34) defining a width (27) of a recess (26) of said double wall structure (16) space and mounting areas (46) for other fixing elements (22).


In this study,118 participants were asked to predict the risk preferences of themselves and other male and female people in loss and gain situations.Both men and women predicted that people were more risk seeking in loss situation than did in gain situation.They also overestimated males' risk preferences but underestimated females'.In loss frames,women's estimation of risk preferences for all target person was moderately higher than men's.The results suggested that knowledge of gender stereotype,task framing as well as immediate feeling could jointly influence risk preference prediction.


Lou Jarrett outlines the unique contribution that nurses can make to the ongoing management of an individual's spasticity, and looks at potential treatment methods.


9618Background: In a murine non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) model, we demonstrated synergy between localized radiotherapy and the dendritic cell growth factor fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) l...


This research work was endeavored to improve tensile strength of viscose woven fabric by using chemical finishes like water repellent finishes with cross linking agent and softener. In this work, 100% viscose woven fabric was used and different types of samples were prepared by treating water repellent finishes, cross linking agent and softeners. The sample was investigated by tensile strength test (ASTM D5034), spray test (AATCC–22), water vapor test (cup method) and moisture regain test (ASTM D2495 oven dry method). Eight types of recipes were used in this research. For the variation of C6-fluorocarbon the sample code-B (C6-fluorocarbon 60g/l, cross-linking agent 15 g/l and softener 10g/l) showed better result in tensile strength and water spray test. Taking the amount of C6-fluorocarbon (60g/l) as constant and making variation cross linking agent which reached a conclusion that, sample-B1 (C6-fluorocarbon 60g/l, cross-linking agent 05g/l and softener 10g/l) showed better result for wet tensile strength, water spray test and moisture regain but showed less water vapor permeability. From this experiment it was evident that recipe which belongs to sample code B1 is suitable for improving the tensile strength of viscose fabric.


: In the early stages of ancient sculpture in Xinjiang, most of it was wood carving art, while stone and clay sculpture art were relatively rare. Since the spread of Buddhism, sculpture art has rapidly developed. The development of sculpture reached a climax in the period from about the 3rd to the 10th century A.D., and they also had countless relationships with stone carvings, bone carvings, pottery sculptures, etc. in the same period. More of them were unearthed from the ruins of Loulan, Nya, Milan, Mingwu, Damagou and other places around the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang. With the discovery of archaeological data in recent years, the total number of ancient Western Regions wood carvings has exceeded 2000. It is necessary to systematically organize and study them. After


Objective To investigate the relation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) to cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy in a retrospective population-based study. Setting Cohort study. Participants We identified 1268 patients aged ≥20 years with HT between 2000 and 2010 as the study cohort. Primary and secondary outcome measures Patients without HT were randomly selected from a database and propensity-matched with the study cohort at a 1:4 ratio according to age, sex, comorbidities and year of the index date to measure the incidence of cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy. Results The cumulative incidence of cholelithiasis was higher in the HT cohort than that in the non-HT cohort (log-rank test, p<0.001), with a 1.91-fold higher risk of choleithiasis (95% CI 1.58 to 2.33) after adjustment for comorbidities. The age-specific relative risk of cholelithiasis in the HT cohort was higher than that in the non-HT cohort for patients aged ≥50 years (adjusted HR (aHR)=2.59, 95% CI 1.33 to 5.03). The sex-specific relative risk of cholelithiasis in the HT cohort was higher than that in the non-HT cohort for women (aHR=1.99, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.44). Compared with those in the non-HT cohort, patients with HT without (aHR=1.95, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.49) and with (aHR=1.94, 95% CI 1.51 to 2.49) thyroxine treatment were associated with a higher risk of cholelithiasis. Compared with those in the non-HT cohort, patients with HT had a higher risk of cholecystectomy (aHR=1.28, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.61). Conclusions Inability to obtain information on several potential confounding factors and misclassification of important covariates are the major limitations of the study. Our study indicates HT per se was associated with the development of cholelithiasis, which has been validated by the association between cholecystectomy and HT. Surveys and health education on cholelithiasis in women aged ≥50 years with HT should be considered by clinicians, and further prospective research should be done on this topic.


The Digital Waveguide Mesh is an extension of the 1-D Digital Waveguide technique (Smith, 1992), and o ers the ability to model two and three dimensional wave propagation (Van Duyne & Smith, 1993; Van Duyne & Smith, 1996; Fontana & Rocchesso, 1999). So far 2-D triangular meshes have been used to model wave propagation in membranes (Fontana & Rocchesso, 1998; Laird et al., 1998), while 3-D meshes have been proposed in room acoustics simulations (Savioja et al., 1994). In this paper we propose a model of a drum based upon a 2-D mesh for the drum skin and a 3-D mesh to model the interior air cavity. We also attach rimguides (Laird et al., 1998) to each of these structures to model correctly the circular boundary for low frequencies. Due to the di erences in wave speed through the two media, the membrane mesh will be far denser than the 3D mesh, with non-integer ratios between mesh radii, and hence interfacing the two mesh structures is non-trivial. We consider the use of low-order approximations to pressure fronts in the air and their inverse operations on the membrane to model the contributions from one medium to the other and vice versa. We also propose extensions to the work to include higher order approximations at the interface using interpolation, and the building of an interface between the air and the drum shell.


The real time video image record system is usually used for recording the contrail of the high speed move aim. For precision contrail measure, we hope the recorded image and the data no losing. In this paper, the develop technology of the real time uncompress video image record system based on PC is introduced and a system design project is given.


This piece is a reflection on Vedantic Reality; reflecting the version of reality we seem to create in our heads. Norbert Weiner (of cybernetics fame) describes the 'have life' quality that people impose on machines. We tend to attribute personalities and characteristics onto things that do not, (according to common sense reality) have them. We even name them, when there is no purpose for a name. Breathing car attemtps to give life to an inanimate object. In other words, the 'have life' quality is projected onto the object. This is meant to exemplify how we fetishize our commodities, often attributing personalities to them to replace the aloneness we feel when we isolate ourselves with them. This piece was a photograph and was animated in Flash.


This research concerns the improvement of the efficiency and stability of large-area amorphous silicon photovoltaic submodules, based on both single- and tandem-junction device structures. For the improvement of cell efficiency, carbon-graded a-Si/sub x/C/sub 1-x/:H p-layers, ITO/Ag back reflectors, alternate SnO/sub 2/ substrates, and TiO/sub x/ recombination layers at the n/p interface of tandem cells are described. Significant contributions to the study of transport and defect states in a-Si:H were made using the steady-state photocarrier grating technique, charge collection in thick p-i-n structures, thermally stimulated currents, and current DLTS. An extensive study of the deposition of SiO/sub 2/ barrier layers on soda lime glass to improve SnO/sub 2/:F conductivity is reported. Submodule research includes laser isolation, active scribe tracking, post-fabrication defect removal, and a new interconnect scheme employing two levels of metallization. Power output and aperture area efficiency for single junction submodules were 5.9W (7.0%) for 1 /times/ 1 sq. ft. and 17.7W (6.9%) for 1 /times/ 3 sq. ft. Outdoor stability tests on glass-glass encapsulated tandem submodules are also described.


A detailed study of tautomeric properties of uric acid and its different anions were performed at the Density Functional Theory level employing B3LYP functional. Initially, the relative stability of different possible neutral tautomers were determined using 3-21G(d,p) basis set and this was followed by computation with 6-31G(d,p) basis set for selected stable tautomers. To different possible anions and radicals the 6-31++G(d,p) basis set was used. The effect of aqueous solvation on the relative stability of neutral, anionic, and radical species was considered using Tomasi's polarized continuum model. The keto form of the molecule is found to be most stable in the gas phase and in aqueous medium. Different properties of neutral tautomers, neutral transition states, anionic and radical form of the uric acid in the gas phase and in aqueous media are discussed. In an attempt to develop potent anti-HIV agents devoid of serious toxic effects, H. J. Lee et. al. developed these three novel compounds along the antedrug scheme; AZT conjugated to Cholenic Acid (Conjugate 1), P-16 acid (Conjugate 2) (where P is an abbreviation for Prednisolone), and P-21-oic acid (Conjugate 3). These compounds make a unique class of drugs; which have been formed through ester bonds (conjugates) between AZT and the steroid and non-steroid carboxylic acids. Cholenic acid, P-16 acid, and P-21-oic acid will also be referred to as Acid 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Through H9 cell line tests it was determined that the only Conjugate 1 possessed anti-tumor behavior. In an earlier work the structural characteristics of the active compound were compared to those of the inactive compounds and their constituent components; several differences were determined. That work was done in vacuum, while this work will attempt to make similar comparisons after solvating the molecules. Particular focus will be on the position of various functional groups at the ends of the compounds. The work will be conducted using a Tripos forcefield and conformational searches while varying the dielectric constants of the model solvent system between 2 and 10. This is to examine structural changes due to solvation. The work presented here was done at the Molecular Mechanics and quantum mechanics levels. Three structures involved in the Roger Brown rearrangement are shown below: butadiyne (1), ethynylvinylidene (2), and trialene (3). 1 We have recently discovered analogs of trialine (3) in our laboratory, and a systematic study of the structures involved in the Roger Brown rearrangement is underway. …


Laparoscopic intragastric submucosal dissection (LISD) is a novel approach to the resection of early gastric cancers not amenable to conventional gastroscopic approaches. The technique permits favourable access to lesions situated high on the posterior wall or lesser curvature of the stomach, enables en-block resection of large areas of tissue, and can prevent the need for formal gastrectomy. Using intraoperative video capture, we demonstrate our approach to LISD, and describe our peri-operative and long-term outcomes.

 Six cases were identified as suitable for LISD by multidisciplinary team panel following EUS assessment and employing locally developed inclusion criteria. As demonstrated by video tutorial, a 3-port laparoscopic approach to the stomach was undertaken and gastrotomies performed to enable port insertion into the stomach. Following establishment of stable pneumogastrium, the area of interest was circumferentially marked with cautery and submucosal colloid injection performed to provide a cushion in the plane of dissection. Resection was completed using cautery hook, and intracorporeal suture closure of gastrotomies performed. Measures were taken to ensure correct orientation of resected specimens prior to fixation.

 Four male and two female patients (median age 74.5 years) sequentially underwent LISD, with complete curative excision confirmed histologically in 5 cases. In one case, a positive deep margin necessitated completion total gastrectomy, later confirmed to be T0 resection. No immediate or late complications, including haemorrhage, perforation or stenosis, occurred in these cases.

 In this, the largest United Kingdom case series, LISD is shown to be a safe and effective intervention for the treatment of early gastric cancers in selected patients having undergone appropriate mapping endoscopy and deemed not to be amenable for endoscopic mucosal resection. Its application can serve as route to avoid formal gastrectomy and the associated morbidity.

 https://www.dropbox.com/s/nqlp7b9v64z56z8/Low.mp4?dl=0 This video demonstrates a novel approach to the resection of early gastric cancers not amenable to conventional gastroscopic approaches. Laparoscopic intragastric submucosal dissection (LISD) involves 3-port laparoscopy and intragastric port passage via gastrotomies. Stable pneumogastrium is performed and the field circumferentially marked by cautery. Submucosal colloid injection aids dissection. Tumour resection is completed by cautery and specimens removed via ports. Of 6 cases performed in Oxford, complete curative excision was confirmed histologically in 5, with 1 necessitating completion gastrectomy later confirmed to be T0 resection. No immediate or late complications were encountered. LISD is a safe and effective intervention which permits favourable access to lesions situated high on the posterior wall or lesser curvature of the stomach, enables en-block resection of large areas, and can prevent the need for gastrectomy.


Based on some key characteristics of 5G and blockchain, we analyze the technical feasibility and necessity of combining 5G and blockchain in IoT construction. We prove that the combination of 5G and blockchain can effectively improve network and data security of 5G by discussing the practical problems that can be solved by this method(including distributed deployment of network platforms, slicing management, network security authentication, spectrum resource management, data sharing security), while moderately reducing network complexity. Finally, we discuss the application of 5G and blockchain combined technical architecture in the construction of the Internet of Things (IoT), focusing on the requirements of power transmission, substation, distribution and consumption. We analyze the 5G network slicing management based on blockchain technology, which can realize the dynamic selection of the best resources among multiple resources to create end-to-end network slices that meet business needs and security isolation requirements, and enhance the security of the network and the data in multiple scenarios and applications, it will provide a strong network infrastructure support for the Energy IoT service system.


Despite underreporting and "dry" bites (bites by venomous snakes without envenoming), snake envenomation is a cause of high morbidity and mortality in the suburban and rural areas of tropical and subtropical world. In addition to local effects at the site of the bite, envenomation affects almost all the tissues in the body both primarily or secondarily. Envenomation is known to cause cardiotoxicity. Multiple case reports of myocardial infarction (MI) following snake bites have been reported. We hereby present the first systematic review of such cases. Our review revealed that MI following envenomation is mostly reported in young adult males from tropical and subtropical world with no history of coronary artery risk factors. Most of the cases presented 60 minutes after the bite. Among the cases that reported electrocardiography (EKG) findings, 63% had ST-segment elevation. 88% of the cases had elevated troponin levels. 75% of the reported echocardiograms had wall motion abnormality. All patients who had emergent coronary angiography were noted to have a "culprit" vessel. 25% of the cases suffered cardiac arrest and 25% subsequently passed away. The pathophysiology of MI following envenomation is multifactorial. When MI is suspected, coronary angiography should be considered after hemodynamic stability and anti-venom therapy is ensued.


Thought experiments have resulted in deeper understanding of the basic concepts of theories. Here is an effort to highlight a simple thought experiment, which in my view contradicts the Theory of relativity. It may lead to better explanation of the fundamentals or creates a paradox.


Abstract: Chitosan Schiff Base was synthesized using conventional method and its corresponding metal complex was synthesized using Copper sulphate crystals. CSB and the metal complex were characterized using analytical and spectroscopic techniques like FT-IR and SEM. The excellent catalytic activity of the synthesized CSB-Cu complex was studied with Knoevenagel Reaction


The Steel Composite Structural Pressure Vessel technology invented by the authors is summarized briefly in this paper. This is a unique advanced pressure vessel technology with wide applications in industrial fields. It has been awarded several National Invention Prizes in China and 20 Chinese and U.S. patents. Some outstanding characteristics of this technology are burst resistance, dispersed defects, safety in service, simplified manufacturing, and safe, reliable, economic online safety monitoring. These characteristics result from the multiple functional shell natures of this unique technology. There are four patented technological systems, namely, cross‐helically wound flat steel ribbon on a thin inner shell high‐pressure vessels, single U‐groove steel ribbon interlocked and cross‐helically wound on a thin inner shell large high‐pressure vessels, total double‐layer normal‐pressure vessels and storage tanks, and single U‐groove steel ribbons interlocked and cross‐helically wound onto a thin inner shell low‐pressure large storage tanks. These technologies can reduce fabrication cost by 20 to 50%.


Objectives To investigate the prevalence of vertebral fractures and to identify risk factors associated with vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods 86 consecutive postmenopausal women with SLE were included in this study. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of the hip and spine were performed using the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) was done for detection vertebral fractures using a method described by Genant. Accumulated damage was scored using the SLICC/ACR damage index (SDI). Results Vertebral fractures were defined in 42 (48.8%) postmenopausal women with SLE. Half of all patients with SLE (n=22, 25.6%) had asymptomatic vertebral fractures which were diagnosed only in this study. Every patient had 1.7 vertebral fractures on average (from 0 to 4). Distribution of vertebral fractures along the spine showed one peak at Th7. Univariate analyses of variables associated with fractures were longer duration of postmenopausal status in women with SLE, longer glucocorticoids intake, higher cumulative dose of glucocorticoids, higher SDI, lower BMD of the spine. Multivariate analysis showed longer duration of postmenopausal status in women with SLE (odds ratio 4,05, p=0,007), cumulative dose of glucocorticoids ≥60000 mg of prednisone (odds ratio 3,68, p=0,009), SDI≥7 (odds ratio 2,94, p=0,028) and low BMD (T≤−2.0) of the spine (odds ratio 2,48, p=0,015) were significantly associated with vertebral fractures in the thoracic and/or lumbar spine. Conclusions Vertebral fractures were occurred in 48.8% of postmenopausal women with SLE and half of them were asymptomatic. The current method using DEXA to predict the presence of vertebral fracture has limited value and there is a need for assessment of bone quality. Vertebral morphometry in patients with SLE is recommended and early therapeutic intervention is necessary to prevent vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with SLE. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Impulse corona discharge around the conductors and the overvoltage wave traveling on an overhead line were experimentally studied. Some of the experiments aimed at establishing a general relation for the charge-voltage characteristic of the coronal discharge around the conductors. During the tests four types of single conductors were used, with 0.010 m, 0.016 m, 0.031 m, and 0.065 m diameters, as well as three types of bundled conductors (with 2, 3, and 4 subconductors having a 0.031 m diameter, the distance between subconductors being 0.4 m). The applied voltage impulses had positive and negative polarity. After analyzing the experimental results and the computing relations, conclusions are drawn on the impulse corona discharge energy.<<ETX>>


The invention relates to a device for the injection of medical preparations into the body of a patient, comprising an injection needle (1), mounted in an injection needle feed device for inserting the injection needle, a separate dosing device (6) for retaining and delivering the medical preparation, a tube (4) with non-return valve (3), for the transport of the medical preparation from the dosing device (6) into the injection needle and a pressure sensor for monitoring the infusion between the dosing device (6) and injection needle (1). The aim of the invention is to modify said device such that it may be used as a complete unit by introduction into the tomograph machine with imaging support. Said aim is achieved, whereby the injection needle feed device, for the injection needle (1), comprises a needle guide, a needle holder (13) and a linear drive (14) for the displacement of the needle holder parallel to the injection needle (1), with or without the injection needle (1) and the dosing device (6) may be inserted in the tomograph as a result of the geometrical dimensions thereof.


Although narrow rows yielded more and reduced production costs, strippers caused more harvesting and ginning problems than spindle-picked cotton in normal rows. Cover photo shows cotton stripper with experimental brush-type stripper head for harvesting narrow-row cotton.


. Downy and powdery mildews are two of the main diseases threatening grapevine cultivation worldwide caused by the phytopathogens Plasmopara viticola and Uncinula necator , respectively. These diseases may cause severe damage to grapevines by inducing wilting of plant organs, including bunches, especially when vines are untreated. This fact, together with the widespread of these pathogens due to the large extensions of land dedicated to grapevine monoculture, makes necessary to develop new predictive modeling tools that allow anticipating disease appearance in the vineyard, minimizing the losses in fruit yield and quality, and helping farmers in defining appropriate and more sustainable disease management strategies (fungicides applied at the right time and dose). For this purpose, farms located in three countries (Portugal, Spain, and Italy) were selected to study the relationship between the microclimatic characteristics of the plots, the phenological stage of the plants throughout the annual cycle, and the presence of both pathogens using different Machine and Deep Learning classification algorithms: Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, K-Nearest Neighbors, Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machines, and Deep Neural Networks. The results showed that, after an entire annual grapevine cycle, the best performing models were Support Vector Machines for downy mildew and Random Forest for powdery mildew, providing a prediction accuracy of more than 90% for the infection risk and more than 80% for the treatment recommendation. These models will be fine-tuned during two additional vegetative seasons to ensure their robustness and will receive short-and medium-term climatological and phenological forecasts to make recommendations. The preliminary results obtained show that these models are a promising tool in the field of plant disease prevention and resource saving.


Our aim was to evaluate IL-4 levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontal disease sites in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (DII) patients and compared to systemic healthy controls. Forty-five individuals were allocated in three groups: Crohn disease (DC) n=15, Idiopathic Ulcerative Colitis (RCUI) n=15, and healthy group (GC) n=15. Probing depth (PB), attachment levels (NI), plaque presence, and blood on probing was examined in six sites per teeth. In every subject, GCF from 4 gingivitis sites (PPD ≤ 3mm and CAL ≤ 1mm) and from 4 periodontitis sites (PPD ≥ 5mm and CAL ≥ 3mm) was collected with filter strips. RCUI presented higher number of former smokers than GC. There was difference in probe depth between DII group and control. When gingival crevicular fluid teeth selected were analyzed, the difference was shown only between DC and GC in gingivitis sites. In gingivitis sites, the total amount of IL-4 was significantly lower in the UC group than in the CG group (p=0.016). In periodontitis sites, the total amount of IL-4 was significantly lower in CD group than in the CG group (p=0.029). The total amount of IL-4 was lower in UC group than in CD group (p=0.077). Similarly, IL-4 concentrations in both CD (p=0.096) and UC (p=0.064) groups were lower than in CG. In conclusion, IBD patients had lower IL-4 levels in the GCF than healthy controls. Serum IL-4 levels showed no difference for all groups. Furthermore, IL-4 levels were lower in periodontitis sites from inflammatory bowel disease subjects; however, changes in IL-4 levels were not presented in serum levels, indicating IL-4 lower levels could be related to periodontal pathogenesis in these individuals.


This article discusses the scope of the right to give birth at home as reproductive self-de- termination in the context of Georgian law and the case-law of the European Court. Georgia, like many other member states of the Council of Europe, unconditionally prefers the model of hospital delivery to protect maternal and fetal life and health. It is true that under Georgian law, home birth is not prohibited as such, however except for emergencies, medical staff is authorized to provide medical care only in a licensed medical premise. That equates to a restriction of the right. Despite the legitimate interest in restricting the right to give birth at home, scientific studies have confirmed the similarity between the consequences of home birth and hospital delivery in the case of low-risk pregnancies.
The blanket ban on the right to give birth at home became the object of debate in the European Court in 2010. The court explained that the right to respect for private life enshrined in the Convention includes not only a person's decision to become or not to become a parent, but also the choice of conditions. According to the court, childbirth is a unique and delicate moment in a woman's life, and the determination of the place of childbirth is fundamentally related to a woman's personal life. The European Court has discussed the availability and foreseeability of national legislation in the context of restricting the right to give birth at home. The Court has ruled that national authorities must ensure the clarity (if any) of the responsibility for providing obstetric services at home. However, the Court has still left open the issue of the need to restrict the right to give birth at home on the grounds of a lack of consensus among the member states of the Council of Europe and the complex socio-economic aspects of the issue.


APeptidoglycan which has various structures is the main constituents of basic framework in bacterial cell wall.Some drugs such as penicillin can inhibit biosynthesis of peptidoglycan.Microbial classification and identification in modern times usually according to species of the third amino acid in tetrapeptide side chain,structure of peptide interbridge and the area in the vicinity of tetrapeptide side chains' join.Peptidoglycan,immunostimulants of the immune system,could be used of making a diagnosis and giving treatment and studing of some diseases.Using of peptidoglycan in areas such as aquiculture is in favor of solving some problems,for example,drugs risistence and residues.


Recent years have witnessed a renewal of interest in the application of management science techniques to personal selling related problems. Some early applications are described in [2] [7]. Cloonan has employed simulation in examination of the salesman routing problem [3] [4]. Lodish, in CALLPLAN, has devised an interactive call planning system designed to assist sales management and/or salesmen in allocating sales call time more efficiently [6]. Armstrong has devised a system he labels SCHEDULE which estimates the value of calls on accounts [1]. Hess and Samuels have designed a computer based sales districting model which is an analogue of a legislative apportionment model [5]. The objective of this paper is to explore the nature of a call planning system entitled ALLOCATE. ALLOCATE was designed to be employed by upper sales management either as an input device for sales management decisions such as sales-territory-size, or as a vehicle for determining the effects of alternative call allocation strategies on territorial revenue over multiple time periods.


The recent texts of Derrick Darby and Ronald R. Sundstrom offer signif icant contributions not only to the growing philosophical literature on race and racism, but to liberal political theory generally. Though they are motivated by different questions, these books have some striking similar ities, and complement each other very well. First and foremost, the books are concerned with the challenges posed by race and racism to liberal political theory, both insofar as racism threatens or undermines liberal ideals, and insofar as many antiracist political policies seem equally threatening to those same ideals. Second, both books take up and critically address nineteenth-century arguments and strategies in the pursuit of their investigations (T.H. Green in the case of Darby, and Frederick Douglass in the case of Sundstrom) to very good effect. This sensitivity to the histori cal practice of political struggle against oppression not only lends an ur gency to their work, but in many ways "naturalizes" their resulting theo ries in a most welcome manner. While they do share these features and virtues, for the sake of clarity I will treat each text individually in this review, beginning with Darby's Rights, Race, and Recognition.


Xingtian,the legendary hero in ancient China, is the ancestor of Kaiti clan, which is also called"Kaiti", "Xinti"or"Diaoti".The setting of the myth of Xingtian is Mount Qiuchi in Xihe County,Gansu Province.State Qigu is said to be the place where Xingtian fought with the Emperor for theocracy. "State Qigu",and"Wudu"are similar in meaning and the two names are related to Xingtian.


Based on the data analysis technology of Internet of things, big data and multimodal physiological characteristics, it is possible to realize more timely and accurate telemonitoring of health care by monitoring the information of human body and intelligent analysis of unstructured big data in real time. This paper proposes a remote healthcare framework based on multimodal health data fusion, which integrates the health data acquisition system based on body sensor network, big data fusion cloud computing and cloud service platform, and remote collaborative diagnosis and treatment service expert decision support system. The development and application of framework rely on many aspects, such as data acquisition, data fusion, cloud computing, expert decision support and so on. Human body sign information contains a variety of modal unstructured data, and data fusion is needed at different levels.


: In recent years, gene editing is increasingly used as one of the technical means to solve public health problems. The great progress made in the field of life science and gene-editing technology has made it possible for humans to control and alter human physiological characteristics through gene-editing technology and created a broad application prospect for this technology. However, gene-editing technology has faced with many significant ethical risks, and human gene editing experiments have been banned for a long time in the past. Realistic technological breakthroughs and the emergence of real cases force the ethics circle to re-examine this issue. Through the analysis and trade-off of the potential benefits and ethical risks of human gene-editing technology, it can be found that different applications of human gene editing for different purposes are considered to have different acceptability. Among them, human gene editing for medical purposes has no fundamental moral barriers, human gene editing for purposes of enhancement cannot be allowed by ethics and reality in the current social environment, and human gene editing for purposes of transformation fundamentally violates ethical norms. Therefore, gene editing can be allowed if it is only used to solve human medical and public health problems.


The antioxidant activities of the beef essence were studied in NBT, DPPH, ABTS reaction systems. Moreover, the changes of antioxidant activity of the essence under specific conditions were examined. The results showed that beef essence has antioxidant effects in the DPPH system. It processes a certain effect on scavenging the superoxide radicals in NBT system. But the antioxidant activity of beef essence was not obvious in the ABTS system. The antioxidant of the essence under particular conditions showed that antioxidant activity of the essence was increased at 100 ℃. The antioxidant activity of the essence in pepsin digest situations was also increased.


The chestnut gallwasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (DK) (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)is considered to be the most important pest of chestnut (Castanea spp.) worldwide. Originating from China, this pest was accidentally introduced to Japan in 1941, colonized Korea in 1958 and the USA in 1974. In 2002 it was detected in Europe (Piedmont, Italy). Since 2002, DK has established and spread throughout Italy all the way into Sicily, and has also been reported in France in 2005, Slovenia in 2005, Switzerland in 2009, Croatia in 2010, Slovakia and Czech Republic in 2011 and Spain (Catalonia) in 2012. In Hungary it was detected for the first time in 2009 and was successfully eradicated but in 2013 heavy infestations were found in 20 localities of Zala County in the south-western part of the country and no doubts, the pest successfully settled down in Hungary also. Within the native range in China, 11 parasitoids species were found to associate with DK which kept the host populations at low densities ; in Japan, South Korea, the USA and Italy the attack rates of indigenous parasitoid species vary from 2% to 4.7%, in some regions of Italy up to 32%. We study the native parasitoid complexes of DK across it expanding range in Italy (since 2005), Slovenia (since 2010), Croatia (since 2011) and Hungary (since 2013). Recruitment of parasitoids to DK depends on actual parasitoid species composition of oak gallwasps to be found in the same locality and higher in mixed chestnut-oak forests than in pure Castanea stands. The research has shown that the time lag between the introduction of the new host, DK, and the recruitment of native parasitoid community is short, what was already showed for different sites in Europe. In Italy during 2005-2010 thirty-two chalcidoid parasitoid species have so far recruited naturally to the new host, and in 2012-2013 the parasitoid species number increased to 39. In Slovenia 7 species were found in 2010, 11 in 2011, 13 in 2012 and 15 in 2013. In Croatia 11 species were found in 2011, 15 in 2012 and 18 in 2013. In Hungary during 2013, 11 species were reared from the new host. Possibilities for biological control by meaning of conservation and augmentation are discussed ; classical biological control by using of introduced Torymus sinensis (Torymidae) is emphasised as well.


Summary 1. EDTA stimulates the accumulation of OAA during succinate oxidation. Although apparently DPN is required for this action, the results indicate that other systems concerned with the utilization of OAA are also involved in the EDTA effect. 2. Mg++, Mn++, or Ca++ prevent the effect of EDTA in increasing accumulation; the former 2 ions by activating a system concerned with utilization, the latter ion by inhibiting the formation of OAA. 3. Succinate oxidation is inhibited by EDTA only when the latter simultaneously stimulates OAA accumulation. 4. Mg++ increases OAA accumulation produced by DPN but in the presence of this ion the keto acid shows a diminished capacity to inhibit succinate oxidation.


Juveniles of pearlspot were reared by feeding diets enriched with steroid and protein hormone combinations: Testosterone propionate (TP), Diethyl stilbestrol (DES) and Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) at various doses for a period of 120 days and their growth performance was evaluated. The dosages of the hormone combinations were TP 2.0 ppm+DES 1.0 ppm (Tj), TP 2.0 ppm+HCG 5.0 ppm (T2), DES 1.0 ppm+HCG 5.0 ppm (T3) and TP 2.0 ppm+DES 1.0 ppm+HCG 5.0 ppm (T4). The fishes which received diets containing combinations of TP+HCG achieved the highest growth (40.10 g). Feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency and nutrient digestibility were higher in this group. Digestive enzyme activity was maximum (590.34 units/g tissue) in the intestine of fishes fed on diet containing TP+HCG. The RNA/DNA ratio and protein contents in the muscle increased concomitant with the high growth rate.


We study the computational complexity of a variant of the popular 2048 game in which no new tiles are generated after each move. As usual, instances are defined on rectangular boards of arbitrary size. We consider the natural decision problems of achieving a given constant tile value, score or number of moves. We also consider approximating the maximum achievable value for these three objectives. We prove all these problems are NP-hard by a reduction from 3SAT.

Furthermore, we consider potential extensions of these results to a similar variant of the Threes! game. To this end, we report on a peculiar motion pattern, that is not possible in 2048, which we found much harder to control by similar board designs.


The invention relates to a scintillator material comprising a cerium doped rare earth silicate characterized in that its optical density at 357 nm wavelength is less than its optical density at 280 nm. This material has a delayed luminescence generally less than 200 ppm after 100 ms relative to the intensity measured during X-ray irradiation. It is preferably co-doped. It can be obtained by an oxidative annealing. It is particularly suitable for being integrated in an ionizing particle detector that can be used in a medical imaging device.


Background and aims The way plants cope with biotic and abiotic selective pressures determines their success in the colonization of remote oceanic islands, which ultimately depends on the phylogenetic constrains and ecological response of the lineage. In this study we aim to evaluate the relative role of geographical and ecological forces in the origin and evolution of the Madeiran ivy (H. maderensis). Methods To determine the phylogenetic placement of H. maderensis within the western polyploid clade of Hedera (three species), we analysed 40 populations (92 individuals) using genotyping-by-sequencing and including H. helix as outgroup. Climatic niche differences among the four study species were evaluated using a database with 706 records representing the entire species ranges. To test species responses to climate, a set of 19 vegetative and regenerative functional traits were examined for 70 populations (335 individuals). Key results Phylogenomic results revealed a nested pattern with H. maderensis embedded within H. iberica. Gradual niche differentiation from the coldest and most continental populations of H. iberica to the warm and stable coastal population sister to H. maderensis parallels the geographical pattern observed in the phylogeny. Similarity in adaptive traits is observed for H. maderensis and H. iberica. The two species show leaves with higher SLA, lower LDMC and thickness and smaller fruits than those of H. hibernica. Conclusions Acquisition of the Macaronesian climatic niche and the associated functional syndrome in mainland European ivies (small fruits, leaves high SLA, and low LDMD and thickness) was a key step in the colonization of Madeira by the H. iberica/H. maderensis lineage, which points to climatic pre-adaptation as a driver of island colonization (dispersal and establishment). Once in Madeira, speciation was driven by geographical isolation, while ecological processes are regarded as secondary forces with a putative impact in the lack of further in situ diversification.


The decade commencing with the great crash of 2008 was a watershed period for Italian politics, involving fundamental and dramatic changes, many of which had not been anticipated and which are charted in this book, which analyses: the impact of the Eurozone crisis on the Italian economy and its relationship with the European Union; the dramatic changes in the political parties (and particularly the rise of a new political force, the Five Star Movement, which became the largest political party in 2013), the changing role of the Trade Unions in the lives of Italian citizens, the Italian migration crisis, electoral reforms and their impact on the Italian party system (where trends towards bipolarisation appear to be exhausted), the rise of new forms of social protest, changes to political culture and social capital and, finally, amidst the crisis, reforms to the welfare state. Overall, the book reveals a country, which many had assumed was in quiet transition towards a more stable democracy, suffering an immense shock from the Eurozone crisis and bringing to the fore deep-rooted structural problems which have changed the dynamics of its politics, as confirmed in the outcome to the 2018 General Election.


The photocatalytic water-splitting hydrogen evolution technology has the potential to relieve energy crisis and enhance the hydrogen generation efficiency of the catalyst. Herein, a kind of 3DOM-CN...


R. Whittaker, ∗ C. Erven, A. Neville, M. Berry, J. L. O'Brien, H. Cable, and J. C. F. Matthews † Centre for Quantum Photonics, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK. H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK. (Dated: August 5, 2015)


The main objective of the research is to show the importance of Taiwan, as a global reference in the environmental theme, with emphasis on "Clean Industry" like a reference for Latin America. The investigation of the subject of garbage in Taiwan, is carried out in the following logical sequence: first one makes an account of the Conferences / Agreements, that have been developed globally in relation with the environmental issue; In the second part, try to answer the question: why is Taiwan a reference in wage management? The third part, will be shown the structure achieved today, it is integral to other environmental processes, working with air, to garbage collection, through the back office of companies. The sources of information were primary and secondary, both national and international, I went several times to observe the same, in such cities Taipei, Zhongly, Taoyuan, in the Campus of the "National Central University", in the course, of 2016. The research confirms empirical and theoretically, shows that it is possible to structure environmental policies, starting from the basic education of children, where the State is disruptive and leader in this initiative. Similarly, the Colleges and Universities, observe in this model, the basis of "Green Education", respecting the rules of the Confucius Master, which promotes the balance between man and nature in any activity of man. Finally, it is recommended, as a strategic support for the State, that it sees exclusively, in the Fiscal policy, based on the collection of taxes, as its only, and imperative fiscal balance formula, without realizing that, as in the Taiwanese case, it is possible to establish, promote companies, agencies, capable of continuously investigating, against methods, processes of low or minimum environmental impact, which can be sold to other States or to the Company inside and outside the country, becoming paradigms to follow in the matter, and continuous sources of income, without damaging the pockets of society and promoting the State in parallel, as a highly competitive company and capturing the best workforce in the country, with high and permanent salaries.


The workshop will focus on 1. Role of demonstrators and departmental expectations 2. How to prepare and what to prepare 3. Skills development in teaching, including providing constructive feedback 4. Skills in dealing with student questions in the context of a PBL curriculum 5. Managing challenges such as "the quiet student", "the demanding student" 6. Professionalism 7. Administration: practical timetables and submitting your payment claim.


A technique of determining the size of the capacitor and dummy load for hydroelectric power generation system that uses an induction machine as generator is done by creating a model of the components and systems in Matlab and prepare the scenario of loading and setting of system parameters in order to obtain the size of the capacitor and dummy load were optimum at once . The simulation results can already provide information about the size of all these component sizes and once inform the maximum active power limit that can be borne by the generator . In this paper the assignment scenario is purely resistive load and therefore has not investigated whether the method could also be used to determine the size of the components of a system in which there are inductive loads . Keywords: Capacitor Bank, PLTMH, Asynchronous Generator


Designed for classroom use, this book develops a framework for the comparative analysis of political ideologies and examines the most prominent political ideologies of modern time. This revised edition has been enlarged to include feminism and environmentalism.


Aiming at the problem of bearing-only target tracking (BOTT) for UUVs in complex and dynamic ocean environments, the system is susceptible to interference from strong noise. This interference can lead to large noise covariance, poor tracking accuracy, and even filter divergence. An algorithm based on robust adaptive cubature Kalman filter (RACKF) is proposed. The algorithm consists of a noise statistics estimator (NSE) and a cubature Kalman filter (CKF). To ensure the robustness of the NSE, the paper builds a fault-tolerant NSE consisting of an unbiased NSE and a biased NSE. The simulation results show that the algorithm improves the filtering accuracy and robustness under the condition of underwater strong noise disturbance, which proves the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed in this paper.


Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) is used to synthetize titanium dioxide (TiO2) ceramic coatings with the appropriate selection of an electrolyte. The dimension of the micro-cavities and the particle size at the surface can be controlled through the pulse frequency of the voltage that is applied between the electrodes. The change of surface morphology can increase the surface area-to-volume ratio. In this work, PEO of an ASME SB-265 titanium substrate (20×20×1mm) was made in a water solution containing 8g/L Na3PO4 and 0.4g/L NaOH. Hence, the coatings were fabricated using voltage pulses of 340V for 10 minutes with a 10% duty cycle and frequencies of 1000, 1500 and 2000Hz. According to the X-ray diffractograms of the obtained samples, the sintering process at 500°C during 1 hour generated Anatase titanium dioxide porous coatings. The grain size decreased approximately from 29nm for 1000 and 1500Hz pulse frequencies until 21nm for 2000Hz. On the other hand, from the micrographs of scanning electron microscopy was possible to see the uniform formation of the micro-cavities with the largest diameter, 900nm, for the lowest frequency value used in PEO.


This study investigated teachers' pedagogical competence as determinant of students' academic performance in secondary schools in Ekiti State. The study further examined variables of pedagogical competenceknowledge of the subject matter and classroom management and their relationship with students' academic performance. The sample comprised of 400 respondents and 40 school principals selected from forty schools in 16 local government area using multistage sampling procedures. The instruments adopted for data collection were, questionnaire tagged Teacher Pedagogical Competence Questions (TPCQ) and a Proforma tagged Proforma for Students' Academic Performance (PSAP). PSAP was validated and has a reliability co-efficient of 0.79. All hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there is significant relationship between teachers' pedagogical knowledge variables such as teacher knowledge of subject matter, classroom management and students' academic performance. Based on the finding, it was recommended that; teachers should endeavor to update themselves with new skills and knowledge in their diverse subject area by attending refresher courses and engaging in professional development. They are also advised to improve their skills in classroom management so as to influence students' academic performance positively and equally important teachers should strive to develop their pedagogical skills with a view to deliver even the most complex and abstract concepts seamlessly. This study will most likely provide insight to the government and other stakeholders on the importance of teachers' pedagogical competence as a determinant to students' academic performance. __________________________________________________________________________________________


In proportional share scheduling, the different performances of CPUs can make running tasks unfair during a period. To make them fair in a system, we present a proportional share scheduling employing performance-aware virtual time (PVT) maintained globally. This PVT is the share of CPU time received by a task and increases at a rate proportional to the performance of CPU where the task is running on and inversely proportional to the weight of the task. The schedulers of CPUs, when they assign CPU time to a task, utilize PVT to make a decision which task and how long it should preempt CPU to minimize the difference of PVTs among tasks. We evaluated our approach experimentally on general purpose operating system in the homogeneous and heterogeneous multiprocessor (HMP) systems. On both systems, the results show the significant improvement that is near-perfect (around 99% better) fairness in the homogeneous multiprocessor system and much better (more than 60% better) in the HMP system.


OVERVIEW: These days, in the light of the attention given to environmental protection, high-efficiency electric power generators are in great demand. Among such generators, air-cooled turbine generators offer the benefits of easy operation and maintenance at low cost. On the other hand, in contrast to hydrogen-cooled generators, it is difficult to increase their capacity and efficiency. In particular, improving their performance under 60-Hz operation, a rotation speed at which loss is large, is being demanded. With these circumstances in mind, Hitachi has developed a 250-MVA, 60-Hz air-cooled generator (called an inner-cooler type). Applying various technologies— starting with reducing airflow volume and mechanical loss by optimizing the ventilation structure as well as equalizing temperatures and lowering electrical loss by optimizing stator-coil strand arrangement—this generator achieves high efficiency close to that of a hydrogen-cooled generator, namely, 98.8% (ANSI), under 250-MVA, 60-Hz operation at a power factor of 0.85. Combining the advantages of large capacity and high efficiency with ease of operation and maintenance, this development has given birth to air-cooled generators that can match the high efficiency of conventional hydrogencooled generators. Seijiro Muramatsu Kenichi Hattori Kazuhiko Takahashi Akihito Nakahara Kengo Iwashige, Dr.Eng.


Monolithic arrays of silicon drift detectors (SDDs) have been recently proposed to be used with scintillators for high-positionresolution g-ray imaging applications. Thanks to the low electronics noise due to the small value of the output capacitance, the SDD offers better noise performances with respect to conventional photodiodes of the same geometry. Small monolithic arrays of SDDs have been used as photodetector of the scintillation light in a first prototype of Anger Camera for g-ray imaging characterized by an intrinsic resolution better than 0.3mm. In this work, we present a new large-area monolithic array of SDDs. It consists of a single chip composed of 77 single hexagonal units, each one with an active area of 8.7mm, for a total active area of the device of 6.7 cm. It represents the largest monolithic array of SDDs with on-chip JFETs produced up to now for X-ray and g-ray detection. The results achieved in the experimental characterization of a first prototype of the detector array are presented, both with X and visible photons. The energy resolution measured at 6 keV with the single unit of the array is of 142 eV at 10 1C, while a QE490% was measured at l 1⁄4 550 nm. r 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 07.85.Fv; 07.50.Ek; 29.40. n


ABSTRACT Surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy was employed to analyze the biochemical composition of the Saposhnikovia divaricata decoction, which is a common traditional Chinese medicine. No reliable Raman peak was observed in traditional Raman spectra of Saposhnikovia divaricata decoction. However, 12 main Raman peaks (534, 616, 648, 685, 730, 781, 850, 958, 1242, 1319, 1460, and 1571 cm−1) were observed in the surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy spectra from the mixture of silver colloids with Saposhnikovia divaricata decoction as a result of the silver colloid enhanced effects on the Raman scattering of Saposhnikovia divaricata decoction. The results demonstrated that the surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy may provide a new kind of non-destructive, accurate, direct, and fast detecting method for the Saposhnikovia divaricata decoction or other traditional Chinese medicine in the form of decoction.


Beliefs,attitudes and behaviors are the three elements of culture.Among them,teacher's beliefs are invisible,and hidden behind the surface of culture.Teacher's attitudes are the bridge between teacher's beliefs and behaviors.Teacher's behaviors embody teacher culture in the form of appearance.Teacher culture is the synthesis of teacher's beliefs,attitudes,and behaviors.To grasp the relationship among the three elements is the key to understand the mechanism of teacher culture building.Beliefs,attitudes and behaviors can be regarded as three dimensions to build teacher culture,i.e.,to establish teacher's beliefs,form teacher's attitudes,and internalize teacher's behaviors.


Most of acute pancreatitis (AP) are mild and self‐limiting, however, 15%–20% of patients develop severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) or moderately acute pancreatitis (MSAP) with local or systemic complications. Infection complications (ICs) result in 40%–70% morbidity and high mortality rates among SAP and MSAP patients. It is more important to early recognize of ICs of MSAP or SAP. Several studies have indicated that serum soluble programmed cell death protein (sPD‐1) or programmed cell death 1 ligand (sPD‐L1) levels were higher in patients with severe sepsis than in healthy volunteers and have a predictive capacity for mortality. However, the role of serum sPD‐1/sPD‐L1 in AP remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the ICs of AP patients is associated with their sPD‐1 and sPD‐L1 levels, which were determined via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay of peripheral blood samples from 63 MSAP and SAP patients and 30 healthy volunteers.


In this paper, Maximal overlap discrete Wavelet Transform (MODWT) has been implemented along with the traditional discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for the detection and localization of different types of power quality (PQ) disturbance signals. Each of the signal has been decomposed up to fourth level with both the MODWT and DWT. The coefficients of both MODWT and DWT decomposition have been further used for classification. The selected features have been extracted from the detail coefficient of the variants of WT and then given as inputs to the data mining classifiers for characterization of the signals. Moreover, a comparative assessment of the PQ signal has been carried out with different classifiers such as Decision Tree (DT) and Random Forest (RF) have been implemented along with aforementioned detection techniques. The ensemble decision tree named RF has been used for the classification of large number of data set. Various single as well as combined power quality disturbance signals have been simulated in noisy and noise free environment in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed techniques. Moreover, in order to represent in realistic environment, these techniques have been tested with tree phase signals captured from transmission line panels.


Main objective of this study is to examine main psychological needs of foreign student residing in Konya and study in Universities in terms of variables of gender, age, class, mother education and father education. Needs are impulses which are unique to human such as motive, motivation demand, will, requirement, hope and ambition to succeed people tned to demand depending on infinite and unlimited needs. As the needs of people are mei an increase on their demand ofouses. Human behaviors' are towards an objective dispelling a situation which has a potential to cause strained environment. Needs change based on time and environmental factors. Therefore two different people can behave in a different way based on environment they are present. True environment of main needs and their effect on behaviors make us think that needs are theoric terms.This can be commented as change occurs ofthen in organism, energy or an ailment damaging homeostatic balance. This physiologic situation or stimulant makes up source of impulse which triggers behaviors' until it is supported with an appropriate motive. All pscho-social needs and especially all human needs are called as main needs. (Eysenck and collegues, 1972). While some of the needs triggering behaviors' are psychological-rooted, other behaviours are resulted from psychological needs. Psychologic needs called as autonomy sufficiency and being connective ensure an individual to manage this or her ambitions to function properly and to increase his or her well-being level while there are social environments supporting satisfaction of main needs and individual differences, it causes autonomy, sufficiency being connective to fall down. It also affects performance, level of well-being and motivation level. (Deci and Ryan, 2000;11(4)-227-269) Autonomy theory claims that behaviors' are driven by three main needs. 1. Autonomic need meaning that preference of an individual on subjects regarding himself or herself. 2. Sufficiency meaning that using behaviors' and developing them. 3. Relation needs meaning integrating other people and feeling worthy in terms of social aspect. (Sumbul and coll. 2003) It can be inferred that university and education environment will be influential in terms of their psychological needs in life period. As a result of this implication, this study tries to answer the question of what are the main psychological needs of foreign students studying in different countries and which variables effect their psychological needs. It is inevitable that studying in a


Background. Carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are most common localized in the appendix, followed by the small intestine, the rectum, and the stomach. The localization of these tumors at the ampulla of Vater is extremely seldom.


Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the translational effectiveness of surgical simulation as part of resident training on their performance on the task of casulorhexis during their first surgeries, as compared to traditional wetlab training.


An uridine auxotrophic mutant of Trichoderma reesei Rut C30 was isolated by resistance to 5-fluoroorotic acid through Atmospheric Room Temperature Plasma mutagenesis. The mutant, called Rut C30ΔU3, recovered to uridine prototrophy by transformation with the wild type T. reesei pyr4 gene cassette. Sequence analysis of this mutated gene indicated that two missenses mutation and one frame-shift mutation had occurred. Mitotic stability analysis of the mu-tant strain Rut C30ΔU3 showed a quite good genetic stability. In this study, the pyr4 mutant Rut C30ΔU3 was successfully established and proved to be an excellent recipient strain for gene expression.


The addition of a mobility model to a finite-element simulator was found to create a convergence problem identified with the addition of positive terms to the off-diagonal elements in the solution matrix. Fast convergence rates were recovered by carefully adjusting the solution matrix such that the off-diagonal elements in question were all nonpositive. >


The properties of the Fermat number transforms of periodic data are investigated and it is shown they have regular structures with many zero-valued elements. Expressions are derived for the maximum number of nonzero elements related to the data row and column periods. Examples are given and applications suggested for image compression and data storage. It is also shown that the effects of defects as small as a single pixel in the image data produce effects upon the FNT, completely altering its regular structure. Applications for this result are suggested to the detection of errors in maskmaking for integrated circuit design and defect detection in industrial inspection.


In this work, we consider the concept of using a distributed solar power plant, setup on the right-of-way of the railroad. The proposed solution allows to shave peaks of electricity consumption without additional land alienation, using the existing power grids. The concept includes the setup of solar panels on the alienated land of the railroad. PV can be placed directly on the cross ties using damping elements, on the embankment slopes and on the right-of-way land. This solution allows minimizing the cost of solar panels installation along the railway tracks. The North Caucasus railway was considered to assess the gross, technical and economic potential of the proposed solution. The operational length of the railroad there is 6,472 km. The railway consists of large non-electrified sections, segments powered with 25 kV AC and 3 kV DC. The railroad is used not only for cargo transport, but also for long-distance and suburban passenger traffic. We have considered different scenarios for right-of-way land use rate and have shown that possible project costs could be reduced by ca. 25% by double land use only. This does not include shared electric grid infrastructure use that also should benefit considerably, but is hard to be estimated. While the potential nameplate capacity of such power plants within one region is 10s-100s of MW.


In this paper we present a full general relativistic one-dimensional hydro-code which incorporates a modern high-resolution shock-capturing algorithm, with an approximate Riemann solver, for the correct modelling of formation and propagation of strong shocks. The efficiency of this code in treating strong shocks is demonstrated by some numerical experiments. The interest of this technique in several astrophysical scenarios is discussed.


Abstract The previously undescribed morphological development of resting cysts of the living marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium ("Gonyaulax") polyedrum has been observed in laboratory cultures. Referred to as L. machaerophorum in cyst‐based taxonomy, this species has a fossil record extending back at least to the Early Eocene. In our cultures, planozygotes preparing to encyst showed a distinctive interstice in the peripheral cytoplasm and often displayed a characteristic swimming behavior. The transition from motile planozygote to morphologically mature hypnozygote (resting cyst) took approximately 10–20 minutes. Encystment began with several events occurring simultaneously: (1) the cell stopped swimming and came to rest at the bottom of the observation chamber, (2) flagella were expelled from their respective thecal grooves, (3) localized swelling of a membrane external to the theca formed bubble‐like protrusions on the surface of the cell, (4) the theca began to dissociate along one or more plate sutur...


Recent surveys on usage of library services reveal that nearly one third of the user population uses the library resources effectively to fulfill their information requirements. The remaining two thirds are either under-utilizing or using at minimal level. The reasons for non-usage of library resources include the anxiety towards the information system. Library anxiety is a kind of psychological fear experienced by the users while using information services or accessing the ICT-based information resources in a library. Library anxiety is characterized by negative emotions including tension, fear, feelings of uncertainty and helplessness, negative self-defeating thoughts, and mental disorganization that are experienced in the library setting. It is a kind of psychological barrier that hinders the effective usage of library-based information resources. It is more prevalent among the beginners than others. This chapter highlights anxiety, types of anxiety, different types of library users, causes of library anxiety, and the remedial measures to overcome library anxiety.


The Bonaparte Basin consist of majorly offshore part is situated at Australia's NW continental margin, covers an area of approx. 270,000km2. Bonaparte Basin having a number of sub-basins and platform areas of Paleozoic and Mesozoic is structurally complex. This research established the geologic and geomorphologic studies using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) as a substitute approach in morphostructural analysis to unravel the geological complexities. Although DEMs have been in practice since 1990s, they still have not become common tool for mapping studies. The research work comprised of regional structural analysis with the help of integrated elevation data, satellite imageries, available open topograhic images and internal geological maps with interpreted seismic. The structural maps of the study area have been geo-referenced which further overlaid onto SRTM data and satellite images for combined interpretation which facilitate to attain Digital Elevation Model of the study area. The methodology adopts is to evaluate and redefine development of geodynamic processes involved in formation of Bonaparte Basin. The main objectives is to establish the geological histories by using digital elevation model. The research work will be useful to incorporate different tectonic events occurred at different Geological times in a digital elevation model. The integrated tectonic analysis of different digital data sets benefitted substantially from combining them into a common digital database. Whereas, the visualization software facilitates the overlay and combined interpretation of different data sets which is helpful to reveal hidden information not obvious or accessible otherwise for regional analysis.


—For the first time, exposures of ultramafic rocks of subvolcanic origin have been investigated at the foot of Mount Khanlauta (Kola Peninsula) located at a distance of ~2 km from the southwestern margin of the Pados-Tundra layered complex of dunite–harzburgite–orthopyroxenite composition, which hosts zones of chromitite and unconventional PGE mineralization. The ultramafic body is composed of micro- to fine-grained harzburgite and subordinate orthopyroxenite and has a cryptically zoned structure. The body is of E–W strike and has a small size with an apparent thickness of ~0.1 km; the exposed outcrops exhibit a blocky surface as a result of extensive cracking caused by degassing and rapid cooling of a parental komatiitic melt. Elements of columnar parting are recognized, which have a hexagonal shape in cross section and are consistent with the inferred subvolcanic origin. Two zones are identified. Zone I is formed by a more magnesian olivine with Mg# = 86.0–87.9 (0.15–0.21 wt.% MnO). In Zone II, olivine grains are notably less magnesian (Mg# = 81.8–84.1) and invariably have higher contents of manganese (0.19–0.30 wt.% MnO). The presence of this zoning is corroborated by the lateral distribution of accessory chromian spinel grains with maximum Mg# values (>20) in Zone I. The Khanlauta rocks also contain subordinate orthopyroxene (Mg# = 86.3–87.2), amphiboles of the tremolite–actinolite series, and anthophyllite of deuteric (autometasomatic) origin along with accessory minerals: ilmenite, hematite (~15 mol.% escolaite, Cr2O3, in solid solution), and mono- and diphase grains of sulfides in the form of intergrowths of Co-bearing pentlandite (Ni/Fe = 0.9–1.3; 1.00–16.74 wt.% Co; up to 1.7–6.8 wt.% Cu) and heazlewoodite (locally in intergrowth with hematite). The inferred front of crystallization moved in the western direction, causing the formation of Zone II from a more fractionated melt with a notably lower Mg# value. A sharp increase in oxygen fugacity locally caused the formation of anomalous parageneses of chromite and ilmenite, in which the observed Mg# values of ilmenite are considerably greater than those of the coexisting chromite. The geochemical whole-rock characteristics based on major, minor, and trace elements (including LILE, REE, and HFSE), as well as the compositions and trends of chromian spinels, are similar to those in differentiated (zoned) sills of the Chapesvara complex, which are closely associated with the Pados-Tundra layered complex. The obtained data indicate comagmatic relationships among the Khanlauta massif, zoned sills of the Chapesvara complex, and the Pados-Tundra layered complex. All of them crystallized from a primitive highly magnesian Fe- and Cr-enriched komatiitic magma (Al-undepleted). Thus, they belong to a single subvolcano–plutonic association being part of the Serpentinite belt–Tulppio belt (SB–TB) megastructure of presumably Paleoproterozoic age.


Going beyond his earlier work, The War Everyone Lost—and Won (Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1993; first edition 1984), Timothy Lomperis has written a study of the Vietnam War and of insurgencies in China, Malaya, the Philippines, Greece, Cambodia, and Laos during the "Era of People's War" (194575). In each of these cases, rebels employed Maoist strategies with the hope of wresting state power from incumbent governments. The guerrillas won in Vietnam, China, Cambodia, and Laos, and lost elsewhere. But, according to the author, the Vietnamese case, or cases, since the French and American wars are treated as separate struggles, are "deviant" and yield no reliable lessons (p. 313). These conflicts prompted great power interventions on behalf of both sides, which the author analyzes and compares in detail. He places even more stress on internal factors, and especially on the battle for "political legitimacy" between rebels and the established authorities. What historical forces shaped local definitions of legitimacy, he asks, and how did the strategy of people's war and subsequent outside interventions reinforce or undermine such conceptions? The process involves three stages, as the insurgents first appeal to the material interests of a chosen constituency, in the hope of forming a critical mass of resistance. They then strive to consolidate an organizational/military presence, leading to "crossover points" when the government can no longer maintain control by police methods alone. In the end, the success of the rebels depends on their putting forward a "belief system," a reformed notion of legitimacy compelling enough to authorize a "breakout" toward military victory and the seizure of state power.


Modern flight control systems are expected to perform beyond their conventional flight envelopes and exhibit robustness and adaptability to uncertain environments and failures. Adaptive control has been shown to improve the performance of a flight control system in the presence of uncertainties and failures. Recently, a new adaptive design named DF-MRAC has been developed which offers the possibility of improved adaptation and smoother error transient characteristics compared to conventional MRAC designs. In this paper flight test results using a small twin engine aircraft with DF-MRAC design is evaluated and compared with conventional MRAC design in the presence of failures.


The anonymous Taxidermy: or the Art of Collecting, Preparing and Mounting Objects of Natural History. For the Use of Museums and Travellers was first published by Longman in 1820. Due to its immediate success as an authority, it went through four revised reprints in 1821, 1823, 1829 and 1835 (still anonymously), before a much expanded sixth edition appeared in 1843. This included an "advertisement" for the first time, unequivocally to establish the author as Mrs R. Lee (1791-1856), and the work as the frequently plagiarised source of "all modern treatises on Taxidermy [...] as if an anonymous author were a fairer object for piracy than one whose name stands on the title page" (Lee, "Advertisement" iv). Her name is, in fact, equally absent from the title pages of the some dozen books (see: Appendix 1 below) she co-authored and cotranslated anonymously with her first husband, T. Edward Bowdich (1791-1824), the explorer of Ashanti (see: Driver, "Thomas Edward Bowdich"). Taxidermy stands out among them all in terms of its sole authorship thanks to the retrospective evidence of its 1843 "advertisement":


Network Intrusion Detection System (IDS), as the main security defending technique, is second guard for a network after firewall. Since it can discern and respond to the hostile behavior of the computer and network resource, it is a hot area for research network security nowadays. Data mining technology is applied to the network intrusion detection, and Precision of the detection will be improved by the superiority of data mining. In this paper, there is an example running to contract two algorithms. The result is that the fuzzy rule mining algorithm is more convenient than Apriori algorithm to mine mass network log database.


The article is to point out the complexity of the idea of peace, which, once formed in the medieval era, has been the foundation of many contemporary institutions in the field of social life in a broad sense. The concept of peace, consisting of a number of issues, is central to the discussion herein. The full presentation of the idea of pax requires a reference to the social nature of man and to the relationship of the individual with the social group within which that individual lives. The issue of peace is also coupled with the idea of the common good. It is impossible to characterize the idea of bonum commune without a reference to the question of ordo and the essence of justice. The author proposes a thesis that the medievalist concept of pax combines political, legal, and moral reflection. It develops independently of the theory of wars. Particular attention should be paid to the idea of peace in the thought of Marsilius of Padua, who, drawing on Aristotle's achievements and the ideas developed in the Middle Ages, devised an original concept of peace.


The invention discloses an engine and electronic control unit connecting device and an engine system. The engine and electronic control unit connecting device comprises a connecting plate, one side of the connecting plate is connected with the engine while the other side is connected with the electronic control unit, and the connecting plate is formed with cooling holes. According to the engine and electronic control unit connecting device, the engine is connected with the electronic unit through the connecting plate formed with the cooling holes, it means that the electronic control unit is indirectly connected with the engine, so that the heat transmitted to the electronic control unit from the engine is reduced; the connecting plate is formed with the cooling holes, so that the cooling ability of the electronic control unit is strengthened. The engine and electronic control unit connecting device effectively strengthens the cooling ability of the electronic control unit, lowers the temperature of the electronic control unit, improves the use stability of the electronic control unit, and reduces the potential safety hazard in driving a car.