Custard apple is an edible fruit grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Due to its abundant nutrient content and perceived health benefits, it is a popular food for consumption and is utilized as a medicinal aid. Although some published research had provided the phenolic compound of custard apple, the comprehensive phenolic profiling of Australian grown custard apple is limited. Hence, this research aimed to evaluate the phenolic content and antioxidant potential by various phenolic content and antioxidant assays, followed by characterization and quantification of the phenolic profile using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and HPLC-PDA. African Pride peel had the highest value in TPC (61.69 ± 1.48 mg GAE/g), TFC (0.42 ± 0.01 mg QE/g) and TTC (43.25 ± 6.70 mg CE/g), followed by Pink's Mammoth peel (19.37 ± 1.48 mg GAE/g for TPC, 0.27 ± 0.03 mg QE/g for TFC and 10.25 ± 1.13 mg CE/g for TTC). African Pride peel also exhibited the highest antioxidant potential for TAC (43.41 ± 1.66 mg AAE/g), FRAP (3.60 ± 0.14 mg AAE/g) and ABTS (127.67 ± 4.60 mg AAE/g), whereas Pink's Mammoth peel had the highest DPPH (16.09 ± 0.34 mg AAE/g), RPA (5.32 ± 0.14 mg AAE/g), •OH-RSA (1.23 ± 0.25 mg AAE/g) and FICA (3.17 ± 0.18 mg EDTA/g). LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS experiment successfully characterized 85 phenolic compounds in total, encompassing phenolic acids (20), flavonoids (42), stilbenes (4), lignans (6) and other polyphenols (13) in all three parts (pulp, peel and seeds) of custard apple. The phenolic compounds in different portions of custard apples were quantified by HPLC-PDA, and it was shown that African Pride peel had higher concentrations of the most abundant phenolics. This is the first study to provide the comprehensive phenolic profile of Australian grown custard apples, and the results highlight that each part of custard apple can be a rich source of phenolics for the utilization of custard apple fruit and waste in the food, animal feeding and nutraceutical industries.


2.2. MALE. PCA *na-pe-w-a (B1); Nt. nampvs (nompaas male of the human species). MAN. PCA *elenyiwa (B1) telenyiwaki, PL.; Nt /ninwak/ (ninnuog men). It is not clear from Trumbull's dictionary whether this is a Natick or Narragansett form (ninnuog) is listed in the English-Natick entries, but in the Natick-English part we find only (nnin) man which is starred, a device used to indicate that the form 'does not belong to the Natick dialect proper'. Under this starred form, which is Narragansett, is listed a plural (nninnuog, ninnuock). MEDICINE. See ROOT.


The subject of study is the possibility of creating (generation) of the space launch systems based on perspective Ukrainian cargo aircrafts.The goal of the work is to consider the main aspects of an air launch and determine the keyword parameters of space launch systems. In the process, the following tasks were completed: an analysis of the Ukrainian air fleet cargo aircrafts; determine the transport aircraft which should be used as carrier-aircraft for launching of the integrated launch vehicles; analyzed the possibility of airdrop integrated launch vehicles from the cargo compartment of carrier aircraft; the optimal airdrop scheme was chosen; the restrictions imposed on the integrated launch vehicle during airdrop; the location of integrated launch vehicle and auxiliary systems on board carrier aircraft is considered; the maneuver performed by the carrier aircraft during the airdrop process is considered, which allows to increase the mass of the airdrop cargo; the process of airdrop from the cargo compartment of a carrier aircraft is analyzed in detail; the appearance of three-stage solid-propellant rockets, their layout schemes and mass budget are determined; the injection scheme and energy characteristics of the considered integrated launch vehicles are determined; The methods used are: analytical analysis and methods of system analysis. As a result of the research, the appearance of space launch systems was determined. The concept of integrated launch vehicles included in these complexes is defined. Ballistic calculations were carried out, during which the energy capabilities were determined to injection the payload to low circular orbits with different inclinations and heights, including equatorial, polar and solar-synchronous. Conclusions. Studies have confirmed the possibility of creating space launch systems based on perspective Ukrainian transport aircraft An-178 and An-188. The implementation of the proposed projects will allow Ukraine to ensure independence and high efficiency of launches, both of its own spacecraft and commercial, to occupy its own niche in the market for launching spacecraft.


Allowing non-normal colleges to enroll students majoring in education and recruiting good graduates from non-normal colleges to work in primary and secondary schools are not only the specific measures to improve the whole quality of teachers and optimize the structure of teachers staff , but also the first step taken by normal education to move from the closed to the open. In order to survive and develop in the face of new situation, normal colleges must take some corresponding steps: 1.exert the particular function and intensify the advantages of themselves;2.move the service focus backwards and strengthen the in-service training; 3.develop the service function and extend the service to the primary education and kindergarten education.


The invention relates to a method and system for detecting blow energy of a hydraulic counter-blow hammer. The system comprises a plurality of detection sensors, a processing circuit, a computer, a magnetic railing ruler and a magnetic grid sensor, wherein the detection sensors are fixed to different positions of a hydraulic counter-blow hammer rack, and the processing circuit is used for analyzing and calculating filtering wave of detection signals of detection sensors, amplitude and frequency. The method comprises steps of processing signals output by detection sensors through vibration of a piezoelectric acceleration sensor detection rack, obtaining amplitude and frequency of the rack, and setting up a mathematical model between rack vibration and hammer blow energy through an experiment method so as to detect the blow energy. The mathematical model between the rack vibration and the hammer blow energy is set up through the experiment method, a piezoelectric acceleration sensor is installed on the counter-blow hammer rack, the blow energy is detected through an indirect method, the sensor is not required to be installed on the hammer head, and the loosening and the falling of the sensor caused by severe vibration during blowing are avoided.


This article looks at the calculation of across-wind response of structures. The focus is on the calculation of cross-wind response of rectangular buildings, which is not covered by Eurocode 1, Part 1-4 (BS EN 1991-1-4) or BS 6399-2.


The manuscript presents new data on the role of clastic veins often found in shallow coherent lava bodies in terms of bulk mechanical behaviour and of transient permeability for magma degassing. The paper is based on a solid methodology and data are of good quality over a significant spectrum of approaches. The issue of the role of fracturing on mechanical properties is certainly one of the most important for domes and stratovolcanoes, as it controls gravitational stability.


Objective To investigate the treatment and prevention strategies of hematomas in operation area after anterior approach surgery for cervical spondylosis.Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 12 with hematoma compression in operation area out of 785 patients managed by anterior cervical surgery from January 2007 to July 2013,including 10 males and 2 females at age ranging from 40-71 years (mean 56.8 years).Surgery method was anterior cervical corpectomy and interbody fusion using titanium mesh cage plus plate and intraoperative blood loss was 300-1 200 ml.Primary clinical manifestations were neurological dysfunction in 5 patients,dyspnea in 6,and both neurological dysfunction and dyspnea in 1.There were 10 patients with the presence of symptoms at postoperative 0.5-22 hours,1 at postoperative 73 hours,and 1 at postoperative 74 hours.All the 12 patients underwent a second anterior cervical exploration.Results There were 5 patients with epidural hematoma,6 with subcutaneous hematoma,and 1 with both hematomas.After surgical interventions,the patients presented improvement in respiratory and neurological function,with inapparent respiratory abnormality and improved neurological function at discharge.One patient was died of cardiovascular-associated disease after being discharged from hospital.The left 11 patients were followed up for mean 19.8 months (range,6-43 months),with improved Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score at final follow-up.Conclusions Hematoma took place frequently in the early period,especially within 24 hours in operation area after anterior approach to cervical disorders and close attention should be paid to respiratory and limb sensation and motion functions.Early detection and early surgical interventions are the key countermeasures to avoiding the severe results.

Key words:
Cervical vertebrae ;  Hematoma;  Surgical procedures, operative


UF/IFAS Extension Orange County 6021 S. Conway Road Orlando, FL 32812-3604 407-254-9200 Director: Dr. Richard Tyson Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Web: http://orange.ifas.ufl.edu Mid-Florida Research and Education Center 2725 Binion Road Apopka, FL 32703-8504 407-410-6963 ext 163 Director: Dr. Roger Kjelgren Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Web: http://mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/ FY 2016 Expenditures: $4,269,053 EXTENSION: Agriculture; Residential landscapes; Personal & family well-being; Commercial horticultural & urban forestry services; Nutrition, food safety & health; 4-H youth life skills COMMODITIES: Tropical foliage, cut foliage, woody ornamental, grape, vegetables, citrus, blueberries, hops RESEARCH: Plant development, production and protection of environmental horticulture, fruit crops Giving (FY 2016) Recent donors residing in county 22,930 FY 2016 donors residing in county 10,049 Gifts to UF from county residents $11,491,177 Gifts to IFAS from county residents $1,326,406 Funding (FY 2016) State funds for Extension $1,163,083 (45%) Federal funds for Extension $136,956 (5%) County funds for Extension $1,292,074 (50%) Quality


Two new species of the genus Deppea (Rubiaceae, Hamelieae) is described, one from the state Oaxaca ( Deppea keniae ) en la Sierra de Juarez, and another from Tamaulipas ( Deppea pauciflora ). Both are closely related to the Deppea purpusii with their simple scorpioid or umbelliform, monochasial inflorescence, distributing from Vercruz to San Luis Potosi, but both of them differ from it by having two times longer glabrous corolla.


China and America, one is a developing country, and one is a developed country.In distance education, There are some distance between them.As the history is short in distance education,the distance is not big.From the view of technology,Chinese distance education belongs to synchronous,while American distance education be- longs to asynchronous. If China wants to catch up with America,we must develop the asynchronous distance educa- tion.


It is shown that there is an error in Schroeder's calculation of the electronic thermal conductivity due to circulating currents in a two‐phase material. With reasonable values for the properties of the two phases, quantitative agreement between the predictions of the model and the experimental data of Cosgrove, McHugh, and Tiller is obtained for both the electronic thermal conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient.


Contrast enhancement plays an important role in various computer vision systems, since their usability can be improved with visibility enhancement of the images affected by weather and lighting conditions. This paper introduces a histogram modification algorithm that reflects the properties of original images in order to eliminate the saturation effect and washed-out of image details due to the over-enhancement. Our method modifies the original histogram so that an additive term fill histogram pits and the gamma correction suppresses histogram spikes. The parameters for the additive term and gamma correction are adjusted automatically according to statistical properties of the images. Experimental results for various low contrast and hazy images demonstrate that the proposed contrast enhancement improves visibility and reduces haze components effectively, while preserving the characteristics of original images, than the conventional methods.


Latin America seems to offer the conditions capable of ensuring a certain limited validity to a scheme of stages1: (a) relatively similar cultural, social and economic settings at the beginning of the transition to a modern-industrial society2 and (b) similar external and internal historical circumstances during the process. In fact, though there have been few attempts to present an explicit theory of stages, most if not all of the historical and theoretical analyses of modernization or its component processes tend to assume, in one way or another, a succession of stages valid for the whole region. To a certain extent, however, the perception of Latin America as a unit is based not only on theoretical historical and socio-cultural factors, but also to use an obsolete term in reference to a condition which still exists on geopolitical and ideological causes: Latin America's common political status vis-a-vis the international political power structure and the allocation of spheres of influence. The intellectual tradition also contributes in operating the field of Latin American studies, often pushing the concept too far and transforming it into a mere


The development and theory of traditional air-conditioner have been reviewed.Magnetic refrigeration is a new technology that makes use of the magnetocaloric effect of solid-state refrigerants.The combination of solid-state refrigerants,water-based heat transfer fluids will lead to environmentally desirable products with minimal contributions to global warming.The air conditioning application is one of the numerous applications of refrigeration technology,which provides the largest aggregate cooling power and use the greatest quantity of electric energy.The importance of the air conditioning application makes the establishment of cost targets for this application an essential feature of the RD plan for magnetic refrigeration technology.The theoretical study shows that the energy costs of magnetocaloric material lay well below the total manufactured costs for vapor compression based air conditioners.


Chronic wounds, particularly infected wounds are clinically very important due to their significant impact on health budgets as well as patients` health worldwide. Patients with diabetes mellitus, vascular diseases especially peripheral vascular disease and pressure ulcers are major categories of patients presenting with chronic wounds. It is known that there are multiple factors determining chronic wound prognosis. The presence of multiple types of pathogenic bacteria, with specific virulence and adherent (biofilm) properties, contribute a significant role to the development of chronic wounds. This review article is based on the research project entitled" An investigation of the impact of bacterial diversity, pathogenic determinants and biofilms on chronic wounds". The research findings have been published in form of research papers as well as conference posters. The aim of this article is to highlight various important aspects of bacterial impact on wound healing.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.598-602


In this paper the effect of single nanosecond laser pulse irradiation on the microstructure and field emission (FE) properties of carbon films is studied. Amorphous carbon films are exposed to a single pulse of a 248 nm excimer laser with pulse width of 23 nsec and varying energies. Microstructural changes of the films are investigated by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. FE study is conducted in a parallel plate configuration. It is found that the landscape of the FE properties is not directly correlated to the laser energy in a simple way. The intrinsic biaxial compressive stress of carbon films results in formation of preferred orientation in graphitic basal planes provided that the sufficient activation energy is supplied to the system.


The effect of inclination angle on the wet surface heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of brazed aluminum heat exchangers is experimentally investigated. Three samples having different fin pitches (1.25, 1.5 and 2.0 ㎜) were tested. Results show that heat transfer coefficient is not significantly affected by the inclination angle. However, the friction factor increases as the inclination angle increases with negligible difference between the forward and backward inclination. Heat transfer coefficient increases as the fin pitch increases. However, the friction factor are the largest at the smallest fin pitch (P f = 1.25 ㎜), Possible explanation is provided considering the condensate drainage.


Hyperbolic tangent error function based constant modulus algorithm(HECMA) is very practical because that its steady-state error can be reduced effectively by using the symmetry of the hyperbolic tangent error function about zero error. In order to implement this algorithm by DSP,the optimum equalizer length and characteristic parameters of variable step-size are first obtained via the Matlab experiment with underwater sound channel equalization, then the hardware modules of DSP and software flows for program are designed. Finally, the key points of software programming and DSP simulation result are given. The simulation result proves the effectiveness of the HECMA implementation by DSP.


Background Despite uncertainties in their long term impact on lung health, the use of electronic-cigarettes (EC) has increased rapidly in recent years. In spite of the essential role of the neutrophil in the innate immune system, little is known about the effects of EC exposure on these cells. Our previous studies have uncovered cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects of EC on alveolar macrophages; this work aims to determine the effects on neutrophil (PMN) viability and function. Methods PMNs were isolated from the venous blood of healthy young volunteers. Using a novel EC vapour (ECV) exposure system, PMN were exposed to 40puffs EC vapour, generated from Kanger 2nd generation (2G) and 4th generation (4G) devices, using flavourless e-cigarette liquid. Apoptosis and necrosis was assessed by flow cytometry (Annexin V assay with propidium iodide (PI) staining). Phagocytosis was assessed by pHrodo assay (E.coli and S.Aureus). Chemotaxis to CXCL8 was assessed using an Insall chamber and video microscope. Nicotine content was assessed by GCFID. Results There were no significant differences in the viability of neutrophils immediately after exposure to 40 puffs ECV or after 4 hours. 24 hours post ECV exposure PMN cell death was elevated following 4GECV exposure (UTC; 20.4% apoptotic, 2GECV; 20.1% apoptotic, 4GECV; 57.3% apoptotic, n=3, not significant (ns)). Necrosis was also elevated in these samples (UTC; 6.49% necrotic, 4GECV; 17.8% necrotic, n=3, ns). Chemokinesis/chemotaxis to CXCL8 were significantly impaired after ECV exposure compared to UTC (2GECV; 70.7% reduction (chemotaxis), 51.6% reduction (chemokinesis) n=10, p<0.01). This effect was further exaggerated after 4GECV exposure (108.0% reduction (chemotaxis), 70.0% reduction (chemokinesis), n=9, p<0.0001). Phagocytosis was significantly decreased by 4GECV exposure compared to UTC (E.Coli 33.3% reduction, S.Aureus 71.5% reduction, n=6, p<0.05). Nicotine content analysis showed 4G devices delivered 2–4 times nicotine compared to 2G devices. Conclusion ECV exposure did not impact neutrophil viability at time 0 nor at 4hours, however PMNs showed delayed, exaggerated neutrophil apoptosis at 24hours. ECV exposure also impaired function, inhibiting both chemotaxis and phagocytosis immediately following exposure, more powerful 4G devices having greater functional implications. This neutrophil phenotype has previously been seen in patients with sepsis.


The common varieties of dates represent about 30% of national production. They are generally reserved for cattle feeding and sometimes thrown into the wild. Among these varieties, palm dates very rich in carbohydrates (glucose, fructose and sucrose) and contains practically most of minerals (Ca, Fe, K, Na, etc.). The use of fermentation technology is necessary to save the genetic heritage and enhances by-product of dates in various bio products. Lactic acid is a natural organic acid. The fermentation substrates most commonly used are glucose and fructose. The lactic acid has a major importance in food and pharmaceutical industries. It is used also in drink industries, medicines etc. Algeria till today continues to import this organic acid. The objective of this study is the use of dates syrup as a substrate for the production of lactic acid, this study allowed us to have interesting results. Mixed culture of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, grown in batch fermentation. Two culture mediums were tested, the un-enriched one and the one enriched with Tween80 (1 g/l), MgSO4 (1 g/l), MnSO4 (1.5 g/l), from the results obtained by fermentation trials, the enriched medium seems best suited with a yield of lactic acid 49 g/l, where comes from its economical and commercial interest.


BACKGROUND
Because increased hepatotoxicity was observed with first line antituberculous agents using four drug standard induction therapy in orthotopic liver transplant patients, we evaluated the efficacy and adverse effects of a novel continuation regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis in orthotopic liver transplant patients at a University Hospital in New York City.

METHODS
The hospital records of all patients who were referred to Mount Sinai Hospital (n=924) and who underwent orthotopic liver transplant between September 1988 and May 1998 were reviewed. Data were collected from patient records. Nine orthotopic liver transplant patients (0.97%) developed tuberculosis over a 9.5-year period. A total of seven of nine (78%) patients had disseminated tuberculosis including two patients with meningitis. All mycobacterial isolates were sensitive to isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Standard induction therapy with three or four drugs was given for 2 months (mean). Hepatotoxicity related to the standard induction regimen developed in five of six (83.3%) patients. Liver biopsy during induction therapy revealed drug induced hepatitis in five of six (88%) patients and rejection in three of six (50%) patients. Continuation regimens consisted mainly of ethambutol and ofloxacin; mean length of therapy 9 months.

RESULTS
Overall mortality was 33.3% (three of nine patients) over a 4.5-year follow-up period. Tuberculosis associated mortality was 22.2%. One patient died before therapy, another died with concomitant bacterial sepsis during induction therapy. Six of seven patients are alive and disease free. One patient died of recurrent hepatitis C and graft failure without evidence of tuberculous infection at death. Another patient retransplanted for chronic rejection, remains disease free at 1 year. The mean follow-up for six patients that completed treatment was 3.75 years (2.5-5.3 years). Six patients are free of tuberculosis.

CONCLUSIONS
Our experience reveals that orthotopic liver transplant patients have poor tolerance for conventional therapy due to inherent toxicity of these agents and their concomitant bouts of organ rejection. Our nonconventional therapy yielded remarkably good results in that six patients, all with disseminated disease, were well after mean 3.5 years of follow-up. Consideration should be given to this novel follow-up therapy in patients without cavitary pulmonary disease who develop hepatotoxicity during induction.


1381 18. Kontoyiannis DP, Hachen R, Lewis RE. Efficacy and toxicity of caspofungin in combination with liposomal amphotericin B as primary or salvage treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancies. Cancer 2003; 98: 292–299 19. Morgenstern GR, Prentice AG, Prentrice HG, Ropner JE, Schey SA, Warnock DW. A randomized controlled trial of itraconazole versus fluconazole for the prevention of fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancies. Br J Haematol 1999; 105: 901–911 Received for publication: 3.3.04 Accepted in revised form: 12.11.04 634 L. Elzi et al. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ndt/article-abstract/20/3/631/1870606 by guest on 28 July 2018


Based on the mathematical model of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), this paper analyzed its steady state characteristics and presented the analytic expression of electromagnetic power of DFIG with stator voltage, rotor voltage and the angle between these two voltages as input variables. It has been shown that the DFIG has an extensive stable operation region and all the operating points are stable. By linearizing the DFIG model, stability assessment of stator-flux-oriented system and stator-voltage-oriented system were performed comparably by using small signal stability analysis scheme. It is concluded that the stability feature of a stator-flux-oriented system is impacted by the rotor exciting current, which will restrict the reactive power provided by the rotor. However, for a stator-voltage-oriented system, its stability is independent of the rotor current. Consequently, it is possible to provide as much reactive power as possible while the system keeps stable.


Data-driven clock gated (DDCG) and multi bit flip-flops (MBFFs) are two low-power design techniques that are usually treated separately. Combining these techniques into a single grouping algorithm and design flow enables further power savings. We study MBFF multiplicity and its synergy with FF data-to-clock toggling probabilities. A probabilistic model is implemented to maximize the expected energy savings by grouping FFs in increasing order of their data-to-clock toggling probabilities. We present a front-end design flow, guided by physical layout considerations for a 65-nm 32-bit MIPS and a 28-nm industrial network processor. It is shown to achieve the power savings of 23% and 17%, respectively, compared with designs with ordinary FFs. About half of the savings was due to integrating the DDCG into the MBFFs. The proposed architecture of this paper analysis the logic size, area and power consumption using Tanner tool.


It was based on the background of railway Transportation Management Information System(TMIS), Combined theactual situation of railway transportation, which was stated the implmetation of Daily Transportation statistic and Analysissystem on Automatic Generated and Management System. The information system of railway transportation managementwas truly implemented the Date statisticalreport and the automatic generation of statistical reporting forms on the base ofexisting equipment of the railway station.


The existing seismometers installed at the dams for irrigation have recorded many seismic records during huge earthquake events. Those are useful for analysis to understand how dams behaved during earthquake. Those records are valuable as the evidence not only to show the behavior of dams caused by but also to retrieve the index to reflect the dynamic property of the dams. Considering this point, we have applied the concept of seismic interferometry and its method to seismic records of the dams to estimate their properties of seismic wave propagation and the dynamic properties of those structures. This shows the applicability of seismic interferometry for small vibration records of existing seismometer of dams, like small earthquake records, whose maximum acceleration are less than 1cm/s2, or ambient noise. Based on the analysis for the waveform of acceleration during more than 10hours, we can retrieve the waveforms of time domain response similar to the one extracted from the seismic record of earthquake events, whose maximum acceleration is more than 2cm/s2, from small earthquake records and even from ambient noise only. This fact shows the proposed method might be applicable more frequently, if we applied it not only earthquake records but also the small records which has been considered to be trivial ones. Though we must verify the applicability of this method to the other many dams, this method might be expected to be more useful in an area where the earthquake frequency is very small, or at a dam site where the seismometer has been installed recently and obtained little or not enough seismic records yet.


Aim. To study the changes of the of non-state day patient healthcare facilities performance indicators on providing ambulatory surgical care. Methods. Data of joint statistical reports of railway transport health facilities issued at 2002-2011, as well as documents that regulates providing surgical care to the population of the Russian Federation, Rosstat and Russian Health Ministry statistical data for the same period, were used for the analysis. Results. Surgical aid provided in day patient healthcare facilities of different types was changing differently. In out-patient clinics, the number of operations increased twicefold during 10 years, surgical aid provision per 10 000 population increased almost by 3 times (287%) over the 10-year period. The opposite trends were observed in day care facilities of the hospitals - the number of operations decreased, as well as surgical aid provision per 10 000 population and surgical procedures rate on 100 discharged patients from 6.5 to 3. In 2002, the structure of outpatient surgeries in day patient healthcare facilities was the following: skin and subcutaneous tissue surgeries - 41.8%, female reproductive organs - 51.4%, ears, nose and throat - 2.7%. By 2011, the structure has changed: with 70.3% surgeries performed on female reproductive organs, and 18.3% - on skin and subcutaneous tissue. Comparative assessment of the development of surgical care in day patient healthcare facilities based in out-patient clinics of JSC «Russian Railways» revealed that in this matter railway medical complex was more dynamic and developing rapidly. Conclusion. Non-state health facilities of the transport industry (for example, medical complex of JSC «Russian Railways») have all the managerial and legislative backgroung for further development of out-patient surgery within the framework of 24-hour hospital substituting technologies in in day patient healthcare facilities based in out-patient clinics.


News media provide an editorial service for their audiences by monitoring a large number of events and by selecting the most newsworthy of these to report. Using a Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic model to classify news articles we document the editorial function of US newspapers. We nd that, while dierent newspapers tend to report on dierent topics to dierent degrees, news coverage becomes more homogenous across newspapers after major events. We present a simple theoretical model that can match this fact and then use it to analyze the implications of the editorial function of news providers for agents' beliefs and their ability to coordinate. We show that, compared to a setting where agents choose ex ante what to get information about, their actions become more correlated when they rely on the editorial function of news providers. Information about large events is closer to common knowledge than information about small events. As a consequence, agents respond more than proportionally to large events, and in expectations, do not respond at all to events that are small enough.


Exposure to PM2.5 was found to be significantly correlated with the increasing cardiovascular disease mortality in recent epidemiolagical studies, But there have had little experimental studies to explore the potential mechanism of this adverse effect of PM2.5 until now. In this study, cardiovascular endothelium cells were treated by PM2.5 collected from urban area of Shanghai, with doses of 0, 01,0.05,0.2 and 1 mg•mL^(-1). Parameters (including activities of total NOS, iNOS and cNOS) reflecting the oxidation stress damage were measured. Results showed that the activities of total NOS and iNOS in cardiovascular endothelium cells treated with 0.2 mg•mL^(-1) pM2.5 were significantly higher than those in control cells. Dose-response relationship was established in this study. These results meant that PM2.5 could induce the activity of iNOS in cardiovascular ceils and the oxidation stress damage might be one of the mechanisms of PM2.5 effect on cardiovascular system.


be identified as swallowed toothbrushes. They were completely removed by endoscopy using an endoscopic cap and snare ( fig. 2 ). After this the patient was free of symptoms and could leave the hospital. It is common to find swallowed foreign bodies in the esophagus and stomach, especially in children. This case shows that one should think about the possibility of foreign bodies as the cause of abdominal pain in mentally retarded people. Although there are reported cases of removal of an ingested toothbrush, we are not aware of any case report documenting the endoscopic removal of four toothbrushes.


Soviet air-passenger transportation system reflects the physical, political, and economic conditions under which it operates. Air service from Moscow, the dominant node, differs from service patterns in the United States. Distance, population, and complementarity all explain variations in levels of service in the Soviet Union. HE growth of air-passenger transportation in the Soviet Union has been phenomenal since 1945. Between 1950 and 1987, the number of passengers carried annually within the country increased almost eightyfold, and the volume of passenger-kilometers grew by a factor of more than 170. In 1987, Soviet aircraft carried 119 million passengers, of whom 115 million were on domestic flights. By comparison, airline passengers in the United States numbered 418 million, of whom 393 million were on domestic flights (Narodnoye khozyaystvo SSSR 1988, 308, 336; Statistical abstract 1988). In the United States and many other countries, passengers are carried by numerous independent airlines. In the Soviet Union there is only one passenger airline, the government-owned Aeroflot, although a few small operators such as the air arm of the Northern Sea Route supplement its services. As a result, Aeroflot is the world's largest single airline (MacDonald 1975). Air transportation is crucial to a large and relatively roadless country such as the Soviet Union. However, very little recent information exists on the spatial structure of its air-passenger system. The purpose of this article is to further understanding of that system by describing the geographical circumstances under which air transportation evolved, by analyzing air service from the four Moscow airports, and by comparing selected aspects of Soviet air-passenger transportation with those in the United States.


Multiple coordinated robot arms are modeled by considering the arms: (1) as closed kinematic chains, and (2) as a force constrained mechanical system working on the same object simultaneously. In both formulations a new dynamic control method is discussed. It is based on a feedback linearization and simultaneous output decoupling technique. Applying a nonlinear feedback and a nonlinear coordinate transformation, the complicated model of the multiple robot arms in either formulation is converted into a linear and output decoupled system. The linear system control theory and optimal control theory are used to design robust controllers in the task space. The first formulation has the advantage of automatically handling the coordination and load distribution among the robot arms. In the second formulation, by choosing a general output equation, researchers can superimpose the position and velocity error feedback with the force-torque error feedback in the task space simultaneously.


Group recommendations are a sub-domain of recommender systems (RS), where the final recommendations should comply with preferences of all members of the group. Usually, group recommendations are built on top of common "single-user" RS via aggregating models or predictions for multiple users with some notions of fairness and relevance in mind. So far, group recommendations were usually evaluated off-line either as a tightly coupled pair with the underlying RS or in a decoupled fashion, where the relevance scores estimated by underlying RS serves as a ground truth. Both evaluation types may suffer from different biases that provide illicit advantages to some classes of group recommending strategies. In experimental part, we evaluate several recent group recommendation models and show that the evaluation process itself significantly affects their perceived usability. While coupled evaluation favors group RS that tend to select per-user best items, decoupled evaluation favors strategies aiming to find items with (some degree of) overall agreement. We further evaluate methods w.r.t several variants of inverse propensity based de-biasing scenario in order to reduce the popularity bias of coupled evaluations. Also in this case, if groups of similar users are considered, the magnitude of de-biasing has a determining effect on the ordering of individual methods.


Abstract Vocabulary learning often implies that there is no other way of learning than to memorize the words. This research showed that guessing meaning from context procedure can accommodate students in learning new vocabulary items. Since students were not equipped with a dictionary all of the time, it is essential to seek for an alternative in learning vocabulary. One of the alternative techniques in vocabulary learning was guessing meaning from context. The purpose of the study was to investigate the implementation of the guessing the meaning from the context in junior high schools in Yogyakarta. The research participants of this study were 30 students from different classes from a junior high school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The researcher conducted a pre-test at the beginning and a post-test at the end of the research. The result of the pre-test and post-test showed that there was an increase of students' vocabulary mastery. The questionnaire was used to confirm the result of pre-test and post-test comparison. The result of the questionnaire showed that guessing meaning from context procedure was helpful for the students to understand word meaning.


4 Abstract: This study developed a comprehensive model of how smartphone users search for pre-trip tourism information. Important dimensions and relationships in tourism information search (TIS) behavior were studied in 21 subjects. The data collection process included semi-structured in-depth interviewing data and field observation data. The analysis revealed 10 activities characteristic of TIS behavior: internal searches, mobile searches, saving information in the smartphones, preliminary collaborative TIS, barriers to TIS, bringing mobile search to an end, summarizing information, PC Internet search, advanced collaborative TIS, and searches via editorial communications. Such data collection was not performed in isolation. Further, 20 propositions have been developed for future testing. The results suggest that pre-trip TIS appears to consist in a diversity of search patterns with the usage of multiple information sources; in addition, it is no longer individual but collaborative behavior in the context of Web 2.0. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of the research work are discussed, and directions for future work are suggested.


In view of the wide interest in applications of statistical methods for discrete multivariate data and the limited number of texts available, this book is a welcome addition to the literature. With the exception of two-way contingency tables, the literature on qualitative data is too widely scattered for the casual user to find easily. This is due partly to the recent dramatic increase in activity in the field, and partly to some special characteristics of qualitative data. Complex contingency tables admit a variety of models which may be difficult to describe simply. Distribution theory is usually approximate and techniques based on the approximate asymptotic theory lead to a variety of reasonable solutions to the same problem. Estimation is difficult in practice because algorithms with closed solutions do not always exist. As corollary, analyses can be done only with the aid of a computer. This volume presents a "systematic treatment of large contingency tables with troublesome irregularities." Results, heretofore widely scattered in the literature, are organized by "presenting parametric models, sampling schemes, basic theory, practical examples, advice on computation." The intended audience is both the theoretical and the applied statistician. The book is massive in scope and bulk. The encyclopedic quality of the work is suggested by an outline of chapters, sections, and sub-sections. It requires five-hundred lines!


The effect of growth retardants like CCC, SADH and morphactin alongwith ethrel at two concentrations of each to different stages of plant growth was observed on fruit- ing and yield in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) Duch. ex: pair.) Selection-124. All the growth retardants at different stages inferred the first fruit set at the lower nodes between 8.6 and 14.0, while ethrel treatment produced the fruit set be:ween 3.3 and 43. Ethral 100ppm at the initial stages proved to be the best treatment in increasing the number of fruits. Ethrel developed smaller size of fruits, which can commercially be exploi- ted. The 244 leaf stage gave better yield with CCC 400ppm and morphactin, while at 2-leaf and 2+4+6 leaf stage ethrel and SADH proved promising. The increase in yield of 4.0 kg per vine is a spectacular increase in case of pumpkin, where fruit is carried to maturity on vine itself.


An indirect method for determining the heat transfer coefficient of rubber to air by convection is proposed. Finite element analysis is used to simulate the cooling of a cylindrical specimen of rubber, the heat transfer coefficient being adjusted to give a good fit to experimental data provided by a thermocouple embedded in the specimen.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of estradiol valerate in an attempt to feminize the male Astyanax altiparanae. One thousand newly-hatched larvae were randomly distributed in four incubators. During a period of 30 days, estradiol valerate was administered in different dosages (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg of diet); the control group did not receive hormone in the diet. After 161 days of hatching, biometry was performed on 50 fishes per treatment group, and the gonads were analyzed. The hormone treatments were effective in feminizing A. altiparanae, achieving 70-76% of the desired sex, while the control treatment had 44% females. The hormone did not affect the growth of fish.


Background: It is essential to recognize the influential factors in academic achievement to prevent academic failure. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between self-esteem and academic self-concept in medical students. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 126 medical students (residents, interns, and clerkships) at Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran in 2018. Data were collected using Rosenberg self-esteem and self-concept questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution and central indices) and inferential statistics (Pearson's correlation-coefficient). Results: A significant positive correlation was observed between academic self-concept and self-esteem (r = 0.351; P < 0.001), and the higher score of academic self-concept in the medical students increased their self-esteem. Conclusions: According to the results, self-esteem and academic self-concept were significantly correlated. Therefore, universities and professors must pay attention to students' self-concept and self-esteem, improve their positive attitude toward themselves, and prevent negative attitudes.


Real-world images are often compositions of multiple objects with different categories, scales, poses and locations. Adding nonexistent objects to an image (composing) or removing existent objects from an image (decomposing) leads to higher discrepancy in appearance, which reveals an important but long-neglected compositional nature of multi-label images. In light of this observation, we propose a novel end-to-end compositional learning framework named Category Prototype Compositional Learning (CPCL) to model such compositional nature for multi-label image classification. In CPCL, each image is represented by a collection of category-related features used to eliminate the negative effects from location information. Then, a compositional learning module is introduced to compose and decompose the category-related features with their corresponding category prototypes, which are derived from the semantic representations of categories. If the image has the given object, the output after composing should be closer to the original input than the output after decomposing. Contrarily, if the image does not have the given object, the output after decomposing should be closer to the original input than the output after composing. We introduce the Transformed Appearance Distance (TAD) to measure the appearance change between the composed and decomposed features relative to the category-related features with respect to each category. Finally, multi-label image classification is accomplished by performing a TAD-based metric learning. Experimental results on three multi-label image classification benchmarks, i.e., NUS-WIDE, MS-COCO and VOC 2007, validate the effectiveness and superiority of our work in comparison with the state-of-the-arts. The source codes of our model have been released on https://github.com/ZFT-CQU/CPCL.


Abstract Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a form of depression that starts in the fall and ends in the spring. This article reviews existing theories about the relationship between circadian rhythms and the disorder. Recent research indicates that as with pharmacologic antidepressants, at least 2–4 weeks are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of bright-light therapy compared to placebo. The response to such treatment is strongest with precisely timed light exposure: treatment is optimal during the morning hours when the circadian systemt is susceptible to phase advance. Such clinical improvement is correlated with the magnitude of the phase shift induced. These observations suggest a model of circadian function in SAD and provide important guidelines for its treatment.


Arranging and testing environmental/behavioral (i.e., non-medical) intervention programs for persons with severe post-coma motor impairment and minimally conscious state can be very challenging, and the experimental evidence available in the area is fairly limited [1–5]. Two environmental/behavioral intervention strategies, which might be used as a guide in this process, rely on general sensory stimulation and learning principles combined with assistive technology, respectively [1,2,5–9]. The first strategy rests on the notion that sensory stimulation may enhance recovery from brain injury, may reduce the risk of sensory deprivation that is highly likely in persons who have limited contact with the outside world, and may promote alertness while counteracting low arousal and withdrawal phenomena [5,10,11]. Sensory stimulation may occur through daily sessions involving the presentation of orientation cues and commands, general noises, familiar voices, radio and television clips, lights, vibrotactile inputs, or odors [5,12,13]. The second strategy relies on the notion that a learning setup and assistive technology might be used to help the person acquire/consolidate simple responses instrumental to access specific (preferred) environmental stimulation and positive human contact [14–17]. The expectation is to build an association between the responses and their positive effects (i.e., to enable the person to acquire some awareness of the link between his or her behavior and the immediate environment and thus enhance his or her level of consciousness and functional engagement) [15]. The latter strategy may be considered quite adequate in enriching the stimulation input, promoting an active role for the person, increasing his or her level of performance, and possibly developing his or her control of behavior and environmental events and ultimately his communication. The same strategy can also be easily adjusted (extended) over time to suit the person's progress and emphasize his or her improving social image [15,18]. In spite of these positive aspects, the use of this strategy has been minimal and the need for new application efforts is clear [19,20]. This study was one such effort. It assessed a program based on the use of learning principles and assistive technology with two persons with a diagnosis of severe post-coma motor impairment and minimally conscious state. The program was intended to help the persons bring about brief periods of environmental stimulation through a microswitch and request contact with the caregiver through a voice output communication aid (VOCA). The microswitch and the VOCA were introduced in sequence and eventually were made simultaneously available so that the participants could decide (choose) about their use.


Objective To analyze the risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients in MICU. Methods The clinical data of 122 patients in MICU were retrospectively analyzed. Results 37 patients developed nosocomial infection during medical ICU stay,and most of them were elderly patients. The common location of infection included lower respiratory tract,urinary tract and blood. The most common pathogens in MICU were gram-positive bacteria.The incidence of infection in medical ICU were related to hospitalization time,deep vein catheterization,mechanical ventilation,nasal feeding,and hypoproteinemia. Conclusion The incidence of infection in MICU is the coupling effect of multi-factors,which should be taken measures for preventing bacterial infection in MICU.


20 years ago, in 1987, Edelson and co-workers published their first report on the effectiveness of a new procedure, called extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP), in patients with advanced stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The positive response (>70% overall) achieved in those patients encouraged several groups to try out this new technology in other T-lymphocyte-mediated autoimmune diseases and a number of dermatological diseases, which sometimes gave conflicting results. In the following years, ECP obtained FDA approval as first line treatment in CTCL. In the 1990s ECP was applied to acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) refractory to conventional immunosuppressive therapy and proved to be effective in >60% of cases of this larger patient population. Today, although the effectiveness of ECP in GvHD is generally acknowledged, this is mainly based on retrospective or observational studies, as data from large, randomized multicenter trials, has yet to be published. Moreover, ECP's real mechanism of action and optimal treatment schedule are still under investigation. The aim of this review is to summarize knowledge acquired to date about ECP.


This paper describes the principle of a highly integrated seismic signal acquisition unit.It focuses on how to design the interface between the main controller FPGA and seismic signal filter chip CS5376.Two methods for the design of the data interface are introduced.One method is the SPI interface of FPGA is timeshared.It is not only used as the order transfer channel but also the data transfer channel.The other one is designing a special SD data transfer interface based on FPGA hardware logic and VHDL language.The test result shows that these two methods can realize reliable data transfer between FPGA and CS5376.The transfer rate of the self-designed SD interface is faster,but the structure of it is more complicated.


Perimeter protection has crucial importance for the security of forces and deployed military troops in the field. The goal is to protect the base from intruders who can approach on foot or by vehicle. Field wireless sensor networks (WSN) are used to detect intrusions or monitor the secured area's borders. The camera modules are responsible for capturing images or videos in these sensor networks. In this paper, we will present the YOLOv7 algorithm, which is one of the latest deep learning algorithms for analyzing and object recognition in images and videos collected by WSN. This paper will compare different versions of the YOLOv7 model, using a custom-created data set of images of possible intrusions into given war zones by civilians or civilian vehicles, to select the best model for this type of detection. Testing the algorithms revealed a difference in the final results, and it was found that the YOLOv7x model, which is the most effective and accurate YOLOv7 model, has an average intrusion detection accuracy of 97%.


Chloroform extracts of the leaf, stem bark, stem wood and roots of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) were tested against the brine shrimp, Artemia salina nauplii for cytotoxic activity in which the dose-mortality assay revealed LC 50 values of 28.579, 28.659, 57.213 and 84.111 ppm respectively, for the plant parts efficacy of which could be arranged in the order of leaf > stem bark > stem wood > root. The same extracts were tested for repellency against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults where the root bark and root wood were separately extracted and used. The F values of the arcsin transformed data were 60.983, 14.177, 19.437, 15.429 and 1.082 respectively for the leaf, stem bark, stem wood, root bark and root wood extracts. Except for the root wood extract, strong repellent activity was observed for the rest of the extracts (P<0.001). Key words: Artemia salina; Tribolium castaneum; Glycosmis pentaphylla; cytotoxic activity; repellent activity. DOI: 10.3329/jles.v3i0.7443 J. Life Earth Sci., Vols. 3-4: 33-36, 2009


One of the most crucial aspects that shoppers take into account while selecting clothing from racks is fit, and even clothes manufactured by tailors are accepted. When designers create clothing for them, one of the first things that clients look at is fit.
The current study was carried out in Delhi and NCR. The study focuses on the age range that includes young adult women (18-35). To gather data on the study criteria i.e., ever purchasing readymade saree-shirt, place of purchasing, kinds of fitting problem they faced, type for saree-shirt style they like the most etc, a questionnaire was developed. The study's samples were chosen through the use of purposeful random sampling.
Majority of respondents belongs from Meerut district and faced difficulty to find the accurate size, they prefer boutique for their saree-shirt as they have the opinion that finishing of the saree-shirt is good, they get the saree-shirt within the time duration, and they give preference for four dart style over other styles.
The present study was undertaken to assess the fitting problems with saree-shirt facing by customer. Customers face fitting problems not only with readymade as well as stitched saree-shirt. A proper fit for clothing is crucial. A proper fit increase confidence and frees body from impediments so that you can move quickly in the workplace, at home, or at the gym.


Significance Understanding the effect of near-surface environments on protein conformation is critical in many fields, including biosensing, cell culture, tissue engineering, biocatalysis, and pharmaceutical formulation. However, methods to elucidate both protein structure and interfacial dynamics in heterogeneous near-surface environments are virtually nonexistent. This article describes an approach to characterize changes in protein structure on surfaces using dynamic single-molecule microscopy. Specifically, this approach exploits single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer tracking to elucidate changes in protein structure at the single-molecule level. Using this approach, structural changes in the protein organophosphorus hydrolase were monitored upon adsorption to fused silica in the presence of BSA on a molecule-by-molecule basis. This method, which is widely applicable to virtually any protein, provides the framework for developing surfaces and surface modifications with improved biocompatibility. A method was developed to monitor dynamic changes in protein structure and interfacial behavior on surfaces by single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer. This method entails the incorporation of unnatural amino acids to site-specifically label proteins with single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer probes for high-throughput dynamic fluorescence tracking microscopy on surfaces. Structural changes in the enzyme organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) were monitored upon adsorption to fused silica (FS) surfaces in the presence of BSA on a molecule-by-molecule basis. Analysis of >30,000 individual trajectories enabled the observation of heterogeneities in the kinetics of surface-induced OPH unfolding with unprecedented resolution. In particular, two distinct pathways were observed: a majority population (∼ 85%) unfolded with a characteristic time scale of 0.10 s, and the remainder unfolded more slowly with a time scale of 0.7 s. Importantly, even after unfolding, OPH readily desorbed from FS surfaces, challenging the common notion that surface-induced unfolding leads to irreversible protein binding. This suggests that protein fouling of surfaces is a highly dynamic process because of subtle differences in the adsorption/desorption rates of folded and unfolded species. Moreover, such observations imply that surfaces may act as a source of unfolded (i.e., aggregation-prone) protein back into solution. Continuing study of other proteins and surfaces will examine whether these conclusions are general or specific to OPH in contact with FS. Ultimately, this method, which is widely applicable to virtually any protein, provides the framework to develop surfaces and surface modifications with improved biocompatibility.


The reproductive performance of any mammalian species can be enhanced by enriching nutrition, regulating environmental factors like photoperiod, temperature, humidity etc., through selective breeding, endocrine manipulations and better management practices (Sharma, 2000; Maillet et al., 2002; Bussiere et al., 2002; Iwata et al., 2004, 2005; Rudolf, 2007; Bhardwaj and Sharma, 2011). The endocrine regulation despite being the most complicated is very effective in improving reproductive output of the species. In females, follicular growth and estrous cyclicity are intricately linked (Craig et al., 2007; Sharma and Batra, 2008). Of the thousands of oocytes and primordial follicles present in neonatal ovary only a small fraction i.e. approximately 0.001% are ovulated throughout the active reproductive life span of mammals (Tabarowski et al., 2005; Sharma and Bhardwaj, 2009). Follicular atresia is a wide spread phenomenon that limits the number of ovulations and thus restricting the full reproductive potential of a species. It results in extensive loss of germ cells during development, prenatal, neonatal, prepubertal, pubertal, estrous cycle, pregnancy, lactation and post reproductive life of mammals (Guraya, 1997, 1998; Sharma, 2000; Manabe et al., 2003, 2004; Bhardwaj and Sharma, 2011). Follicular atresia is a natural fertility regulatory mechanism that can best be exploited for increasing or decreasing the fertility of the species by decreasing or increasing the frequency of atresia. It is, therefore a lot of research papers have been published on morphology, histochemistry, biochemistry and endocrinology of follicular atresia (Williams and Smith, 1993; Guraya, 1998, 1999; Monniaux, 2002; Sharma, 2003; Sharma and Batra, 2008; Sharma and Bhardwaj, 2009; Bhardwaj and Sharma, 2011). However, the mechanism of atresia still needs to be further explored and analysed for its effective implementation in fertility regulation programme. The molecular mechanism of atresia can be best explained on the basis of apoptosis (Palumbo and Yeh, 1994; Sharma, 2000; Yu et al., 2004; Sharma and Bhardwaj, 2009). Apoptosis, a type of physiological cell death is the antithesis of mitosis involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis (Collins and Lopez, 1993; Schwartzman and Cidlowski, 1993). It affects the single scattered cells in the midest of living tissues without eliciting an inflammatory response and is influenced by growth factors and hormones. Many studies on the morphological changes that occur in granulosa cells and theca-interstitial cells of follicles progressing through atresia have documented that apoptosis is, in all likelihood, the primary mechanism by which cell loss is mediated during follicle degeneration (Tsafriri and Braw, 1984; Hirshfield, 1991; Tilly, 1996). The earliest descriptions of apoptosis, the physiological cell death, in the ovary was made in


: Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 NP) show antioxidant enzyme-like properties and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, making them a promising material for potential therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this work was to assess the biological behavior of CeO 2 NP in human SH-SY5Y neuronal and A172 glial cells by means of the MTT assay and the γ H2AX assay. Despite the significant dose- and time-dependent NP internalization by both cell lines, nanoceria generally presented scarce cytotoxicity or genotoxicity, essentially restricted to the highest NP doses and longest exposure times. In conclusion, a high biocompatibility of CeO 2 NP was observed under the conditions tested.


Various aspects of the large comet of 1858 including the luminosity of the core and the shape, intensity and position of the tail with respect to the sun and stars are described and then compared with the large comet of 1744 described by Heinsius and Halley's comet of 1835. The purpose of these observations is to try to gain a clearer understanding of the nature of the polar force from the sun acting on the comet. This force is said to differ from the usual force of gravity.


At present around the world including Indonesia have an energy crisis that is necessary to find renewable energy as a replacement. One of renewable energy is solar energy that use photovoltaic (PV) system to convert into electrical energy. The weakness of this PV system is the low energy conversion efficiency. . To increase the efficiency of PV panels, it must operate around the maximum power point which is influenced by cell temperature and sun irradiation. A controller therefore is needed to determine MPP and control PV output voltage according MPP voltage although there change in temperature and sun irradiation. The aim of this paper is design neural fuzzy controller for control the PV system output voltage using the buck converter to operate at the MPP although occur disturbance with MATLAB/SIMULINK. Neural fuzzy define MPP point and the MPPT controlling done by adjusting the duty cycle of converter so that the PV array voltage remains at MPP operating point. In particular, the simulation of neural fuzzy will be discussed.


Objective:To understand the similarities and differences of autism and mental retardation among children of the same age,and provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:Gesell scale was used to detect levels of intellectual development among 162 children with autism and 162 children with mental retardation.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in level of intellectual development between boys and girls in autism group;except language,there were statistically significant differences in development quotients of other items between autism group and mental retardation group(P0.05).The clinical manifestations of boys of developmental levels of various functional domains were more apparent than girls.Conclusion:Most of children with autism always have mental retardation;the symptoms of developmental damage of boys and girls with autism vary with different degrees of damage of developmental level,the clinical symptoms of boys are more obvious.


Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been widely used in rehabilitation hubs to restore or replace the motor function of individuals who have upper neuron damage such as stroke and spinal cord injury. However, the utilization of sensors in NMES is limited and results in the lack of data for upper limb movement analysis. The proposed system implemented NMES integrated with human-to-human interface (HHI) in the rehabilitation process for stroke patients. The therapist (controller) can coach the motion of patients (subject) by injecting his own signal for patients to follow. Ten (10) subjects were tested with five (5) repeating trials. The EMG value was extracted from the finger flexion and extension at the controller side, then injected into the control unit for further stimulation of the subject. In order to evaluate the repeating motion by the subject, an accelerometer was attached to the finger. Performance evaluation of the subject was executed by comparing the flexion angle with the controller side. The result showed that the error of the system was less than 10.29 % for the first trial and gradually reduced to 1 % after 5 trials.


Exosomes are small membrane bound vesicles typically 30~150 nm in size which are widely distributed in the body fluids. The cytosol is rich in proteins and nucleic acids which mediates communication between different cells and transporting substances. Exosomes are involved in pancreatic cancer initiation and progression by promoting the formation of tumor microenvironment, enhancing gemcitabine resistance. GPC1+ circulating exosomes and high exosome levels of microRNA-10b serve as potential non-invasive diagnostic tools to detect pancreatic cancer in the early stage. Meanwhile, exosomes could successfully deliver genetic drugs, anticancer drugs to target cells. In this article, we provide a review on the recent advances on exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Key words:
Exosomes; Pancreatic cancer; Glypican-1 (GPC-1); Diagnosis; Treatment


An Intrauterine device (IUD) is a little plastic device, as a rule, T-molded that is embedded into the endometrial hole to forestall pregnancy. Baby blues period is one of the significant and pivotal occasions when ladies and couples are profoundly energetic and increasingly open to family arranging techniques. Family arranging has expansive advantages for ladies and their families. The main goal of the examination is to evaluate the adequacy of video helped instructing program on information regarding postpartum intrauterine devices among antenatal moms . One gathering pretest and posttest configuration was utilized for this examination. The free factor in this examination is video assisting showing program on baby blues intrauterine devices. The needy factors in this examination are information. The investigation was directed at Thiruvalur Districts Head Quarters Gover ment Hospital. The sample includes antenatal moms who satisfy the consideration measures were chosen by non likelihood convenient examining strategy. Examination of pretest mean score of information was 5.0 with standard deviation 2.04 what's more, the post test mean score of information was 10.62 with standard deviation 2.66. The determined paired' test estimation of t = 14.221 was seen as factually exceptionally critical at p<0.001 level. The analysis reveals that video assisting teaching programme was helpful to improve the knowledge regarding postpartum intrauterine devices among antenatal moms.


Research into the formation of Re-based alloys is in progress in our laboratory to provide a diffusion barrier layer between heat-resistant alloys and Al reservoir layers, which assist in the formation and maintenance a protective Al2O3 scale for long periods. Coatings with a two-layered structure comprised of inner Re-based alloy layer and outer �-NiAl layer with or without Pt addition were successfully formed on various heat resistant alloys such as Ni-based singlecrystal superalloys, Ni-based heat resistant alloys, NiMo based alloy, Ni-Cr based alloy, and Fe-based alloys. The duplex layer coating proposed is generally termed a diffusion barrier coating system; DBC system. In the present investigation concept of the DBC system is introduced and oxidation behavior of the various heat-resistant alloys with the DBC system is given. Particular attention was paid to the structure and composition of the coatings before and after the high temperature oxidation with or without an external stress.


BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is a symptom of muscle aging characterized by mass loss and strength loss. The disorder is the leading cause of fall incapacity/death in the elderly and the great enemy of healthy aging. Energy deprivation (calorie restriction and exercise) is the most effective means against aging and SIRT1 is a key mediator molecule. OBJECTIVE: The article summarizes and analyzes the mechanisms of SIRT1-mediated energy deprivation against sarcopenia/skeletal muscle aging. METHODS: Literature review. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise and Calorie restriction lead to intermittent and continuous energy deprivation in muscle, respectively, which may contribute to some differences in their effects and mechanisms. SIRT1 may reside centrally in energy deprivation against sarcopenia. AMPK/NAD+ is the bridge between energy deprivation and SIRT1 activation. SIRT1 downstream is mainly through four pathways (FOXO1/autophagy, PGC-1α/mitochondrial generation, P53/apoptosis and DNA repair, and NF-κB/inflammation) to antagonize muscle aging/sarcopenia. Future directions to focus on: (1) Difference between the mechanisms of SIRT1 under stresses of exercise and calorie restriction. (2) The role of non-transcription factor targets of SIRT1 such as eNOS, LKB1, etc. 3) Exact division of labor involved in several cellular event molecules simultaneously, such as FOXO1, NF-κB and P53.


The utility model relates to a flywheel driving mechanism for bicycles. The utility model improves a driving mechanism that a flywheel drives a wheel hub. The utility model can relieve persons' fatigue and the weak feeling of two legs when persons ride bicycles, especially persons riding bicycles in long distance, or riding the bicycles to climb hills. The utility model is characterized in that a spring seat and a disc type spring are arranged between the flywheel and the wheel hub; the inner end of a disk type spring is fixedly connected with the spring seat by a force transmission disc; the outer end of the disc type spring is fixedly connected with the force transmission disc; the spring seat is connected with the flywheel; the force transmission disc is connected with the wheel hub. The utility model has the advantages that the disk type spring is rotated and is screwed tightly when the rotation of the flywheel is driven by a foot pedal, and simultaneously, the disc type spring stores energy; the disc type spring releases the energy which is stored momentarily in order to provide boosting force for the foot pedal when the utility model is used for riding in long distance or is used for and riding the bicycles to climb hills. Hence, the fatigue can be reduced under the condition of riding the bicycles, and a person has an easy feeling in two legs. The utility model is used as a flywheel driving mechanism for bicycles.


In this study, a direct liquid-injection metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (LIMOCVD) is developed as a novel synthetic method for high-yield, large-scale synthesis of Ge nanowiresvia vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth at temperatures ranging from 390 to 480 °C at atmospheric pressure. Among the precursors tested, including diphenylgermane (DPG), n-butylgermane (NBG), and tetraethylgermane (TEG), DPG exhibited the most suitable reactivity for LIMOCVD nanowire reactions. While using DPG as a precursor, the yields of Ge nanowires by VLS growth can reach up to ∼30%. As a proof-of-concept for scale-up synthesis, sub-gram quantities of Ge nanowires were produced by consecutive injections of precursor solution. The Ge wires were passivated by an alkanethiol monolayer which gives rise to stability, oxidation resistance and significantly improved dispersibility in organic solvents. Nanowire solutions could be used as inks for applications in many fields. For example, bendable, thickness-tunable Ge nanowire fabrics were fabricated from the inks. The LIMOCVD-VLS growth could potentially serve as a facile and reliable method for industrial-scale production of Ge nanowires due to its superior synthetic capacity and low manufacturing cost.


We developed an involute-cycloid composite tooth profile gear to obtain higher performance than an involute one. The driving performance in the involute-cycloid composite tooth profile gear is influenced by a variation in center distance because of the tooth profile based on cycloid tooth profile. In this study, we calculated the transmission error and the tooth root stress for the various center distances. Further, we examined the driving performance for the involute-cycloid composite tooth profile gear by measuring the tooth root stress and the transmission error.


Methods of displaying computer-generated graphic images are examined. Several alternative technologies are evaluated. Principles of operation are given for each of these advanced technologies. These color display technologies include screen cameras, film recorders, LCD projection devices, and RGB projectors. A brief survey of commercially available devices is presented. >


In the 90s of 20th century,China's popular literature experienced an all-round prosperity with the following three basic characteristics: first,focusing on current social hot topic and the public issues of common concern;second,positive or negative description of "human nature in traditional Culture";third,learning presentation method from foreign popular fictions and interaction skill from the film and TV media.


and the matrix here is in SL2(R). (This action of SL2(R) on the upper half-plane is essentially one of the models for the isometries of the hyperbolic plane.) The action (1.1) makes sense with C replaced by any field K, and gives a transitive group action of GL2(K) on the set K ∪{∞}. Just as over the complex numbers, the formula (1.2) shows the action of SL2(K) on K ∪ {∞} is transitive. Now take K to be a number field, and replace the group SL2(K) with the subgroup SL2(OK). We ask: how many orbits are there for the action of the group SL2(OK) on K ∪ {∞}?


Continuation of appropriate physical activity is said to be important to prevent the lifestyle-related diseases. But there are also reports about the short life expectancy caused by heart diseases among people who had active exercise habits in young age, such as among retired sports players. In this study male Juntendo alumni were asked by means of the questionnaires about their exercise and eating habits during their student age in order to reveal the in‰uence on lifestyle-related diseases in middle age. Altogether 896 replied to the questionnaires. The comparison of the alumni of the faculty of physical education with the alumni of the faculty of medicine and the results of the logistic regression analysis showed no in‰uence of eating and exercise habits during student age on the lifestyle-related diseases in middle age. The preceding studies have reported that the history of exercise performed in the past does not prevent diseases. Among the male Juntendo alumni it has been suggested that eating and exercise habits during student age did not in‰uence the lifestyle-related diseases in middle age.


This paper presents Droplet, a programming editor which has a drag-and-drop block interface like Scratch, but that allows users to edit in mainstream text programming languages. It is designed to close the learning gap between blocks and text. Droplet accomplishes two-way conversion by using the program text in the target text language as the primary data model. The paper also presents a preliminary analysis of data from several months of student use of Droplet.


In recent years, artificial intelligence technology represented by deep learning has achieved remarkable results in image recognition, semantic analysis, natural language processing and other fields. In particular, deep neural networks have been widely used in different security-sensitive tasks. Fields, such as facial payment, smart medical and autonomous driving, which accelerate the construction of smart cities. Meanwhile, in order to fully unleash the potential of edge big data, there is an urgent need to push the AI frontier to the network edge. Edge AI, the combination of artificial intelligence and edge computing, supports the deployment of deep learning algorithms to edge devices that generate data, and has become a key driver of smart city development. However, the latest research shows that deep neural networks are vulnerable to attacks from adversarial example and output wrong results. This type of attack is called adversarial attack, which greatly limits the promotion of deep neural networks in tasks with extremely high security requirements. Due to the influence of adversarial attacks, researchers have also begun to pay attention to the research in the field of adversarial defense. In the game process of adversarial attacks and defense technologies, both attack and defense technologies have been developed rapidly. This article first introduces the principles and characteristics of adversarial attacks, and summarizes and analyzes the adversarial example generation methods in recent years. Then, it introduces the adversarial example defense technology in detail from the three directions of model, data, and additional network. Finally, combined with the current status of adversarial example generation and defense technology development, put forward challenges and prospects in this field.


In 1983 approximately 1.6 x 10/sup 3/ m/sup 3/ (427,000 gallons) of radioactive salt solution were decontaminated in a full-scale demonstration. The cesium decontamination factor (DF) was in excess of 4 x 10/sup 4/ vs. a goal of 1 x 10/sup 4/. Data from this test were combined with pilot data and used to design the permanent facilities currently under construction. Startup of the Salt Decontamination Process is scheduled for 1987 and will decontaminate 2 x 10/sup 4/ m/sup 3/ (5.2 million gallons) of radioactive salt solution and generate 2 x 10/sup 3/ m/sup 3/ (520,000 gallons) of concentrated and washed precipitate per year. The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) will begin processing this concentrate in the Precipitate Hydrolysis Process starting in 1989. Laboratory data using simulated salt solution and nonradioactive cesium are being used to design this process. A 1/5-scale pilot plant is under construction and will be used to gain large-scale operating experience using nonradioactive simulants. This pilot plant is scheduled to startup in early 1987. The incentives to reduce the volume of waste that must be treated are self-evident. At Savannah River process development innovations to minimize the DWPF feed volumes have directly improved the economics ofmore » the process. The integrity of the final borosilicate glass water form has not been compromised by these developments. Many of the unit operations are familiar to chemical engineers and were put to use in a unique environment. As a result, tax dollars have been saved, and the objective of safely disposing of the nation's high-level defense waste has moved forward.« less


Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections frequently develop in renal transplant patients. The transplanted kidney may be not only the source of infection but also the target for it. We report a case of primary CMV infection in a seronegative patient who received a graft from a seropositive cadaveric donor. The onset of CMV was clinically apparent on post‐transplant day 22. Interestingly, soon after transplantation, the patient developed a long‐lasting graft dysfunction episode for which diffuse endothelial‐cell swelling was the most relevant finding at biopsy. On sonography, renal graft vascular impedance deteriorated and improved repeatedly during the follow‐up period. We postulate that the patient had CMV‐induced immunogenic‐mediated endothelial‐cell injury. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 28:430–434, 2000.


There has been a rapid increase in the demand for high speed access to voice, video, and data over the past few years. Due to this exponential growth in the wireless data traffic, it is becoming challenging to satisfy the data-rate demands of mobile users because the available radio frequency (RF) communication spectrum is very limited. Since the RF spectrum is so congested and the data transmission rate of RF communications cannot satisfy the huge demand for large data transmission, free-space optical (FSO) communication systems have emerged as a possible new technology for the next generation of communication systems. FSO communication systems offer higher bandwidth and capacity in comparison to traditional RF communication systems. In addition, FSO links are license-free and cost-effective compared to the expensive and scarce RF spectrum [1]. High data rate requirement in 5G and beyond communications requires backhaul links with much higher capacity and reliability relative to previous systems, especially in the context of network densification that makes wired backhaul an expensive solution. FSO systems can be explored for backhauling in 5G and beyond communications owing to their numerous benefits. Owing to the directional nature of the laser beam used in FSO transmitters, FSO systems are inherently secure. However, due to the divergence of the transmitted optical beam as a result of the turbulent nature of the FSO channel, if the eavesdropper is able to locate itself close to the legitimate receiver, it will be able to intercept the information [2]-[4]. Hence, it is important to analyse the security of the FSO systems, particularly at the physical layer (called physical layer security (PLS)). PLS techniques are specifically advantageous for 5G scenarios compared to cryptographic techniques due to their independence of computational complexity and decentralized nature of 5G networks. Some key contributions by Dr. Aashish Mathur in the area of secrecy of FSO systems are as follows:


Virtual Reality (VR) may help motivate at-home patients to perform the repetitive exercises necessary to regain mobility after orthopedic elbow surgery. This paper details the first three iterations in the development of ElboVR-a VR application developed together with therapists that allow patients to perform elbow exercises and provide physiotherapists with a new way of monitoring patients' Range of Motion (ROM).


Aim at the welding problems of T91 and 12Cr1MoV dissimilar steel occurred in thermal generator unit, which caused by different working temperature in dissimilar steel various parts, the weldability of SA213-T91 and 12Cr1MoV dissimilar steel was analyzed, and reasonable welding process was established. Through strict control of preheating temperature, interlayer-temperature, post-welding heat treatment parameters and other measures, the welding test was completed. This welding process was applied to practice, and achieved good results. The test result showed that the welding process parameters and welding method are reasonable.


We report a comprehensive analysis of the crossing related reactions p(γ,K + )Y and p(K − ,γ)Y for Y=Λ, Σ 0 , and Λ(1405). Our model, which incorporates both crossing and duality, reproduces all existing Λ and Σ 0 cross-section, polarization, and capture branching-ratio data while providing useful constraints for the Λ(1405) magnetic transition moments. While the p(γ,K + )Λ(1405) cross section is predicted to be measurable at CEBAF (σ∼1 μb), parity conservation leads to a model-independent suppression of the p(γ,K + )Λ → (1405) polarization and p(K − ,γ)Λ(1405) cross section (σ∼1 nb)


Some aspects of the radiation of plane elastic waves from a depletion layer in a piezoelectric semiconductor are examined. A formula, relating sonic output flux to frequency, drive amplitude, and junction characteristics, is developed for the case of small electromechanical coupling. The production of elastic energy by the depletion layer transducer is nonlinear. Harmonic production and suppression of selected harmonics is discussed. A half‐power bandwidth of 73% is possible for fundamental operation.


Slow kinetics of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline electrolyte impedes the development of alkaline fuel cell systems. In this work, density functional theory calculations were used ...


From the theory of reliability it follows that the greater the observational redundancy in a network, the higher is its level of internal reliability. However, taking into account physical nature of the measurement process one may notice that the planned additional observations may increase the number of potential gross errors in a network, not raising the internal reliability to the theoretically expected degree. Hence, it is necessary to set realistic limits for a suffi cient number of observations in a network. An attempt to provide principles for fi nding such limits is undertaken in the present paper. An empirically obtained formula (Adamczewski 2003) called there the law of gross errors, determining the chances that a certain number of gross errors may occur in a network, was taken as a starting point in the analysis. With the aid of an auxiliary formula derived on the basis of the Gaussian law, the Adamczewski formula was modifi ed to become an explicit function of the number of observations in a network. This made it possible to construct tools necessary for the analysis and fi nally, to formulate the guidelines for determining the upper-bounds for internal reliability indices. Since the Adamczewski formula was obtained for classical networks, the guidelines should be considered as an introductory proposal requiring verifi cation with reference to modern measuring techniques.


Methods of selecting optimum drilling fluid rheological model were analyzed for their limits and the Fibonacci search method in Herschel-Buckley calculation was extended.Based on the rheological principle and numerical analysis,function extremum and optimization methods were introduced into the selection of drilling fluid rheological models,and presented the use of Fibonacci search method in the selection of optimum drilling fluid rheological model.This method,different from the linear regression and least square methods,can employ functions with two or three parameters,ensuring the best fit of the calculated non-linear functions.This method is both simple and accurate,and is easy to be programmed by computer languages.


Politicians typically do not know what policies are best for achieving their broad objectives, so rely on bureaucrats for advice. Bureaucrats are better informed, so can manipulate outcomes by proposing policies that suit their interests. We capture this conflict of interests using a model of political decision-making that focuses on the interaction between politicians and the bureaucracies that advise them. In the basic model, a representative bureaucrat, knowing the characteristics of a given project, recommends to a representative politician whether to adopt it. If the politician chooses to adopt the project, its characteristics are revealed ex post. On the basis of the revealed outcome, the politician decides whether to discipline the bureaucrat. The bureaucrat anticipates imperfectly the chances of discipline when making an ex ante recommendation. When project characteristics are multi-dimensional, the politician can choose whether to seek advice from one bureaucrat or more than one. We compare outcomes in these centralized and decentralized regimes.


The environment sound classification(ESC) is of great significance to the monitoring and control of urban noise. Aiming at the curse of dimensionality phenomenon in ESC, a feature dimensionality reduction architecture combining attention and mutual information is proposed. In order to match the two-dimensional MFCC (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) feature matrix, the proposed method separates and reconstructs the feature frames of different samples, and achieves the effect of dimensionality reduction by making decisions on the information entropy between the feature frames and labels. In addition, the method combines LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) model with attention mechanism to ensure the recognition accuracy of the model after dimensionality reduction. Ten urban acoustic events from UrbanSound8k (US8K) dataset are selected to verify the performances of the proposed method by simulation experiments, which are also compared with the existing classification methods. The simulation results show that by combining the attention mechanism and mutual information, the recognition accuracy of the proposed method on the UrbanSound8k dataset is 95.16%, and the parameter scale is the smallest, only 0.92M. Moreover, the model parameter scale is adjustable by dynamic frame retention mechanism to balance the recognition accuracy and speed. This method not only ensures a high classification accuracy, but also can reduce computing power consumption and storage space of monitoring equipment, which shows a better practical performance for urban acoustic events recognition.


Modern mobile devices can form ad-hoc networks to autonomously share data and services. While such self-organizing, peer-to-peer communities offer exciting collaboration opportunities, deciding whether to trust another peer can be challenging. In this work we propose a decentralized trust management middleware for ad-hoc, peer-to-peer networks, based on reputation. Our middleware's protocols take advantage of the unstructured nature of the network to render malicious behavior, such as lying and colluding, risky. The reputation information of each peer is stored in its neighbors and piggy-backed on its replies. By simulating the behavior of networks both with and without a rating scheme we were able to show that just a few dishonest peers can flood the network with false results, whereas this phenomenon is virtually eliminated when using our middleware.


Leadership of employees and colleagues, including influencing the top management, is essential to master the challenges of strategic communication work. Due to digitalization and globalization, the requirements for the communication of companies are becoming increasingly complex. Only through adequate leadership corporate communication can fulfill its task of legitimizing organizational interests and contributing to reputation and value creation. The book provides in-depth insights into leadership performance in communication management and structures leadership activities that can be applied in a modified form to the leadership of other departments.


Primary Examiner-Carman J. Seccuro Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Wenderoth, Lind & Ponack 57 ABSTRACT A thermoplastic resin composition of vinyl chloride polymer improved in impact strength and weather re sistance, which comprises (1) 30 to 97 parts by weight of at least one of vinyl chloride polymers having not less than 70% by weight of vinyl chloride units and (2) 70 to 3 parts by weight of at least one of graft copoly mers comprising (2-1) a backbone polymer and (2-2) monomers grafted in two stages thereon in a propor tion of 20:80 to 80: 20 by weight, the backbone pol ymer comprising (2-1-1) units of at least one of alkyl acrylates, of which not more than 20% by weight may be substituted with units of at least one of monovinylic monomers copolymerizable therewith, and (2-1-2) units of at least one of cross-linkable monomers in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight of the alkyl acrylates and, when used, the monovinylic monomers and the graft monomers comprising (2-2-1) 30 to 100% by weight of at least one of alkyl methacrylates, 0 to 70% by weight of at least one of aromatic vinyl compounds, 0 to 50% by weight of at least one of vinylic cyanides and 0 to 30% by weight of at least one of other mono mers copolymerizable therewith based on the total weight of these monomers as those grafted at the first stage and (2-2-2) 85 to 100% by weight of at least one of aromatic vinyl compounds, alkyl acrylates and vinyl esters and 0 to 15% by weight of at least one of other monomers copolymerizable therewith based on the total weight of these monomers as those grafted at the second stage in a proportion of 95 : 5 to 50:50 by weight.


Product reliabilities are predicted from past failure rates and reasonable estimate of future failure rates. Algorithm is used to calculate probability that product will function correctly. Algorithm sums the probabilities of each survival pattern and number of permutations for that pattern, over all possible ways in which product can survive.


Objective: In this study we have investigated the affecting parameters in cloud computing in information technology. To this end, security and load balancing in cloud computing is still considered to be one of the most important views owe tothe sensitive and confidential information stored in the cloud by the users. Methods: This study has as a prime focus on the matters related to thesecurity and load balancing aspects of CC.Furthermore, we have tried to review the researches about cloud computing, improving load balancing and data fragmentation in cloud computing and related matters in regard of its performance. Findings: As well, this research paper has shown all of aspect of investigations in recent years. In fact, this study has located novel ways for finding new paths in this field for future researches. Application: In the latest part of the paper we have presented some future themes as follows: Load balancing with novel load balancing algorithms for better efficiency, and also security issues considering some aspects such as data fragmentation and encrypted in CC are unknown for research.


Obesity has become a major public health concern in the U.S., reaching epidemic proportions among adults and children. Recent national surveys show that American adults have experienced a 50% increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, while children and adolescents have experienced a 100% increase since the 1970s (rev. in 1). Coincident with this increase in obesity, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has also reached epidemic proportions. The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among adults in the U.S. has increased by 40% from 1990 to 1999, and is projected to increase by 165% between the years 2020 and 2050 (2,3). Recent studies have estimated the lifetime risk of diagnosed diabetes to be approximately one in three for males and two in five for females born in the U.S. in the year 2000 (4). Moreover, an alarming increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes has now been reported in very young children (5).

The escalating rates of both type 2 diabetes and obesity are likely due to changes in the environment, coupled with changes in human behavior and lifestyle. However, in most developed countries, food is now plentiful and lifestyle is generally sedentary, but not all people become obese, and furthermore, most obese people do not develop type 2 diabetes. It is likely that genetic factors underlie a significant portion of the susceptibility to both obesity and type 2 diabetes, and that expression of this susceptibility is dependent on environmental variables.

The large variation in prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes among ethnic groups living in similar environments, the increased risk to siblings of affected individuals, and the high concordance rate for the disease in monozygotic twins compared with dizygotic twins indicate that this disease has a significant genetic component (rev. in 6). Studies in twins, …


The visual quality, complexity and fidelity of virtual environments displayable on modern computer systems continues to grow unabated. A barrier exists, however, between these worlds and our own, leaving them presently out of reach. This thesis examines two technologies, haptic rendering and dynamic simulation, that help to break the barriers between these worlds by allowing direct "hands-on" interaction with physically intuitive virtual environments.
Haptic systems allow users to receive and transmit information by touch. Through a force-reflecting mechanical device, users experience the illusion of contact with a real body. A novel representative model is created to allow the robust display of an object given its geometry and surface characteristics. This model attempts to, whenever possible, take advantage of representations that are common in graphics display, including geometry, shading and texture. The algorithms which comprise this model enable realistic contact with arbitrarily complex virtual objects.
The advantage of being able to touch virtual objects would be of limited value, however, if the objects did not react in a physically intuitive manner. Objects cannot be described solely in terms of their geometric properties; they must also mimic physical characteristics such as mass, inertia and non-penetration. In the second part of the thesis a framework to efficiently resolve collision and contact constraints between different complex multi-body articulated systems is developed. This framework simplifies the resulting equations by breaking the space of motions between components effected by the collision and those that do not. The models developed for this framework also highlight many of the attributes common to simulation, robotic control and dynamic modeling.
This thesis presents results incorporating both haptics and dynamic simulation for tasks in a variety of disciplines. Whether for training; research, education or entertainment, the technologies described help add tangible value to the virtual experience.