The metallogenic depth and post-mineralization uplift and denudation are the key issues in deep prospecting,which have been weak in the study of mineral deposits due to the absence of effective technology.The authors select Dongshan,Meishan porphyry-like iron deposits in Ningwu basin and Nihe,Luohe porphyry-like iron deposits in Luzong basin formed about ~130 Ma as the study subjects for the metallogenic depth and post-mineralization uplift and denudation of porphyry-like iron deposits,with the help of AFT analysis of apatites in ore mineral assemblages.The results suggest:(1) the pooled AFT ages(1σ) of the four deposits are 106.3±5.4 Ma,94.2±4.0 Ma,81.3±4.0 Ma and 79.1±3.3 Ma,respectively,showing the ore bodies of four deposits passed the PAZ successively.The AFT ages and confined track lengths decrease with the increase of buried depth of samples and become close to the mineralization ages and the initial confined track length,which are possibly controlled by diverse uplift and denudation after mineralization leading to the different cooling rates while the samples passed the PAZ.(2) The thermal histories of AFT modeling reflect that there are two different cooling stages,namely the rapid cooling progress caused by losing of heat source and the slow cooling progress caused by uplift.The temperature inflection points between the two stages of the four deposits are probably identical,corresponding to a depth of 1.7 to 1.8 km.(3) Since 110 Ma,the uplift and denudation rate of the Ningwu basin have been greater than those of Luzong basin,so that most ore deposits in Ningwu basin buried shallowly or even exposed to the surface.The early uplift and denudation were controlled by the regional Yellow Bridge tectonic event.


Combing through the modern credit risk measurement models, we find that KMV model is suitable for the enterprise group internal credit risk measurement, and due to the current in the majority of listed companies, the private company credit risk measurement has certain limitations. Sorted out in this paper, the EVA and the EVA valuation method comparing with FCFF valuation method that use EVA index to replace the share price in the KMV model can be appropriately applied to the subsidiary of private enterprise group internal credit risk evaluation.


The article deals with the notion of mass culture as one of the phenomena in the modern society's functioning, its conceptual and content component, and quality influence indication on spiritual and cultural state and advance of the society in general and each individual in particular. The author concentrateshis attention on the necessity to analyse of the processes related to the influence of the aforesaid multivectoral phenomenon on the culture of the Ukrainian people in general and on its spiritual potential in particular. In other words, they consider its impact on the national culture where the spirit's indication dominates and is regarded as a key culture-generating component.


The nucleic acid fractions isolat.ed from tissues of mice previously injected wit,h 8-azaguanine have been shown to contain this purine analogue in conjugated form (1). The isolation of the 2' and 3' isomeric 8-aza-guanylic acids from tobacco mosaic virus (2) clearly demonstrated that the analogue could be incorporated into nucleic acids.


Political commentators argue that the major political parties are in decline. This article sets out evidence for this view: minor parties and independents securing 20 percent of the vote at federal elections, declining strength of voters' party identification, and issue movements playing a large role in setting the political agenda. Possible causes for these trends range from the political, such as policy failure, undermining traditional constituencies, and ignoring public opinion, to sociological forces, such as postmaterialism, individualism and serious disaffection. However, the article argues Labor and the Coalition will be the dominant political players for the foreseeable future. In most lower houses, the electoral system favours the major parties which on balance is a good thing. The major parties have taken concerns of interest groups into account, while balancing these against majority opinion. They simplify choice for an electorate only moderately interested in politics, and can be held accountable in a way minor parties and independents cannot.


Imperiled plants are sometimes protected as endangered or threatened species at state and national levels. However, politically based geographic units fall short for conservation purposes. For example, only 19 percent of plant species considered imperiled in the San Juan region of Colorado and New Mexico appeared on recent state or federal endangered species lists. Conservation of imperiled plants by ecological area is proposed. This would help (a) safeguard plant populations of evolutionary significance; (b) maintain the integrity of biotic communities; (c) draw attention to imperiled regional endemics, which often fail to make government endangered species lists; and (d) preserve wild plant populations locally for conservation education and for medicinal, aesthetic, scientific, and other cultural reasons. A focus on ecological areas would broaden modem conservation practice, making it better able to protect and restore the natural world.


The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of epilepsy with Tonic–Clonic (TC) seizures in rural areas of the Bolivian Gran Chaco and to evaluate the usefulness of telemedicine in this context.


In the big data era, real-time analysis of large-scale spatial data remains a challenging problem since the computational scales of conventional data-driven methods expand rapidly with data volumes. This paper presents display-driven computing (DisDC), a new computing model for interactive analysis of large-scale spatial vector data. The computing units in DisDC are screen pixels for display rather than spatial objects in traditional data-driven methods, and the core task of DisDC is to judge the spatial relationships between pixels and spatial objects. As the number of pixels for display is stable, DisDC is less sensitive to data volumes and can be used to provide real-time data analysis of large-scale spatial vector data. Experiments show that DisDC is capable of handling billion-scale spatial vector data, and an online demonstration is provided (https://github.com/MemoryMmy/DisDC).


he conventional measurement of blood pressure(BP) in the office or clinic has been the cornerstonefor hypertension management for decades. How-ever, because of the white-coat and the masked hyper-tension phenomena, out-of-office BP monitoring withambulatory or home measurements is often required [1].ExtensiveresearchonambulatoryBPmonitoringhasestab-lished its role as the most accurate tool for hypertensiondiagnosis [1–3].Onthecontrary,despitetheincreasinguseof home BP monitoring by hypertensive patients in thedaily management of their high BP condition, research inthisfield,inparticularwhenconsideringoutcometrials,hasbeen delayed as compared to ambulatory BP monitoring[4,5].


Attempts to improve the quality of education in Botswana have, inter alia, included an emphasis on a learner-centered pedagogy. Attempts at implementing this pedagogy have been made within the ambit of the technical rational model of curriculum development. The attempts, however, have produced inconclusive results, and these results have often been rationalized in technicist terms, e.g., as being due to lack of resources and poorly trained teachers. Overlooked in this technicist model are the teachers' perspectives on the innovation. Using the case-study approach within the rubrics of the qualitative research paradigm, this study sought to establish the perspectives of geography teachers in a senior secondary school in Botswana vis-a-vis the learnercentered pedagogy advocated in Education for Kagisano ( Social Harmony ), a report produced by the 1977 Commission on Education. The findings indicated that teachers' classroom practices were influenced by many factors other than technical ones: these included ...


Many defense satellite programs require advanced processors for increased speed, higher levels of reliability, and higher levels of radiation insensitivity, as well as lower weight, power, and cost. The objective of the Digital Signal and Data Processor Model (DSDPM) is to provide a credible estimating method for predicting the development and production cost of future space-based signal and data processors, and to capture the cost of new manufacturing techniques and processor technologies.


OBJECTIVES
This study examined the prevalence and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression among emergency ambulance personnel.

DESIGN AND METHOD
A questionnaire and reminder were sent anonymously to 1029 emergency ambulance personnel in a large ambulance service.

RESULTS
Among the 617 respondents, levels of PTSD symptoms did not differ according to grade, but men had a higher prevalence rate than women. Key predictors of the severity of symptoms were organizational stress, the frequency of experiencing potentially traumatic incidents, length of service, and dissociation in response to an index incident. The degree of organizational, but not incident-related, stress discriminated between 'cases' and 'non-cases'. Nine and 23% of recorded scores indicated clinical levels of depression and anxiety respectively. Several work factors were associated with these emotions, explaining 38% of anxiety and 31% of depression scores.

CONCLUSION
Both organizational and individually based interventions may be necessary to minimize PTSD and other emotional disorders among ambulance personnel.


Abstract According to Oscar Wilde 'there is only one thing in the world worse than being talked about, and that is not being talked about'. After reading Professor Tveite's review of my book Population and Society in Norway 1735–1865 I am not so sure. It all depends on who takes part in the conversation! As Professor Tveite points out, the international public needs protecting against studies of Scandinavia whose quality, because of the language barrier, it cannot control. At the same time, of course, authors of such studies need protecting against that minority of Scandinavian critics whose reviews happen to appear in a world language. It is partly because of this latter consideration that I am grateful to the editors of the Scandinavian Economic History Review for inviting me to reply to Professor Tveite. I say partly because the matter goes further than that. For Professor Tveite has raised a far more important and more general issue; namely the contribution that Scandinavia might make to the internati...


Parmotrema austrosinense(Zahlbr.) Hale is one of the lichens used as spices and also it has
medicinal property. The goal of this investigation was to assess the antioxidant, reducing power,
free radical scavenging and antiphyto pathogenic effect of P. austrosinense. Lichen sample was
extracted with different solvents - benzene, methanol, chloroform and acetone. The benzene
extract showed a strong antioxidant activity (5.665±0.0065) followed by chloroform extract
(3.648±0.0029), acetone extract (2.770±0.0078) and methanol extract (2.430± 0.0046). The
methanolic extract of lichen showed the highest reducing power followed by the acetone and nonpolar
solvents like chloroform and benzene. Among the four solvents chosen, methanol extract of
lichen showed the highest free radical scavenging activity followed by acetone, chloroform and
benzene. The antimicrobial activity non-polar solvents like chloroform and benzene extract
showed highest antimicrobial activity against three tested fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia
solani, Sclerotium rolfsii) and bacterial plant pathogens(Bacillus sp.,Xanthomonas phaseoli and
Erwinia chrysanthemi)followed by methanol and acetone extracts and streptomycin was used as
a control antibiotic.


Part I gives analysis of factors that determine selection of nonpropulsive power systems for manned and unmanned extraatmospheric vehicles. It shows typical profiles for a variety of space missions, and reviews pros and cons of different power systems. Part II gives analysis of advantages, disadvantages, application areas, and growth prospects for battery; solid-fueled; liquid-fueled mono- and bipropellant open cycle, expansion-engine; and chemically fueled closed-cycle thermomechanical power systems. Part III reviews fuel cell, solar, and nuclear designs for power sources of a space vehicle.


Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem among children and adolescents. Surveillance data reveal that one in every 20 emergency department presentations at pediatric hospitals is for a TBI, making TBI more common than burns or poisonings. For children, such injuries represent a common interruption to normal development, with population estimates ranging from 200 to over 350 per 100 000 a year, and with well established variations across age groups and gender. While the majority of TBIs sustained by children and adolescents are mild, with few long-term consequences, a proportion of children suffer more serious injuries and will experience a range of residual physical, cognitive, educational, functional and social and emotional consequences, requiring the involvement of health professionals across a range of disciplines and leading to a significant economic burden for the community. The past few decades have seen an explosion of interest in this field, which has led to significant advances in our understanding of the outcomes of pediatric TBI. For example, we now have information about common patterns of brain pathology resulting from TBI, both macroscopic and microscopic. We also know that children who suffer TBI are not representative of the normal population, and are more likely to have pre-existing behavioural and learning problems as well as social disadvantage, all factors that may impact on recovery. Further, we have established that the mechanisms of injury vary with developmental stage. For example, in children under three years of age the majority of injuries occur as a result of falls from baby furniture, while older children are more likely to be injured as a result of sporting or motor vehicle accidents. Other research findings, from a range of mostly discipline-specific research endeavours describe an increased risk for a multitude of sequelae from childhood TBI: poor attention and information processing, reduced memory, executive dysfunction, social and emotional disorders, motor dysfunction, communication difficulties, low school attainment, reduced vocational opportunities, and lowered quality of life. Unfortunately, these advances have yet to be successfully translated into more precise prognoses or acceptable evidence-based treatments for these children and their families. Of crucial importance is growing evidence for a developmentally-specific response to injury, establishing that it is not possible to simply translate adult knowledge and theories to the child population. The relative vulnerability of the young brain to the impact of TBI and the behavioural consequences in terms of reduced skill and knowledge acquisition is a relatively new concept, but is now supported by animal research, neuro-imaging data and behavioural findings. Again, these findings are yet to be incorporated into clinical practice or reflected in availability of appropriate medical and rehabilitative resources. In an effort to improve precision of prognoses, and to facilitate the development of treatment and management models, attempts have been made to link child outcomes with a variety of injuryrelated, environmental, family and developmental factors, with surprisingly little success. We believe that this 'stalling' of progress may be due to a variety of factors. In particular, prior research has often occurred in separate silos, with little integration across domains or disciplines. The scientific advances that have occurred within domains (e.g., genomics and proteomics of neural recovery, neuroimaging, neuropsychology) are unlikely to result in significant progress in the clinical management of children with TBI until they become the topic of collaborative research that cuts across levels and specialties. The time appears ripe for an interdisciplinary approach to pediatric TBI that promotes integrative and translational research efforts. We believe that 'New Frontiers in Pediatric TBI' will provide


The regulation of large interconnected financial institutions has become a key policy issue. To improve financial stability, regulators have proposed limiting banks' size and interconnectedness. I estimate a network-based model of the over-the-counter interbank lending market in the US and quantify the efficiency-stability implications of this policy. Trading efficiency decreases with limits on interconnectedness because the intermediation chains become longer. While restricting the interconnectedness of banks improves stability, the effect is non-monotonic. Stability also improves with higher liquidity requirements, when banks have access to liquidity during the crisis, and when failed banks' depositors maintain confidence in the banking system.


ONE HUNDRED YEARS ago, on November 8, working in his rather spartan laboratory in Wurzburg, Germany, Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen (1845-1923) saw something just a few others had seen—but only he realized it was something new. Something astonishingly new. He noticed a glow coming from a phosphorescent screen not far from the cathode ray gas discharge tube he was using in one of his experiments. He traced the source of the invisible rays to the point where the cathode rays were striking the glass wall of the discharge tube. To his astonishment, the rays, unlike visible or ultraviolet light, readily penetrated many opaque objects—including the flesh of his hand, revealing an uncanny shadowy image of his bones. Unlike cathode rays, the mysterious new rays would not be bent by either magnetic or electric fields. Rontgen had discovered x-rays—and begun the transition from classical to modern physics. That discovery was the beginning


In this paper, we propose a news-gathering mobile robot system, and the novel visual anomaly detection method as the core function of news detection in the real world. Visual anomaly detection is important and widely applicable not only to the news-gathering robot but also to the security systems. However, visual anomaly detection from the mobile robot is highly challenging, because the appearances of images captured by the moving robot are dynamically changing. In consequence, the number of observed images at the same location becomes small, and the sampling interval of those images is not constant. To tackle this problem, we developed a new method to incorporate many samples observed at different locations as previous knowledge, which implicitly represent semantically similar to the intended location. Also, we developed a new statistical model, which explicitly considers sampling interval of input images, whereas conventional methods ignore correlation among samples. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms conventional methods, and our mobile robot system including the proposed method finds, investigates, and publishes news of a local community of the real world.


The women, who survived the 1965 tragedy and had been political prisoners because they were thought to have ties to the Indonesian Communist Party, had been silenced for a long time. Those female survivors then spoke through songs in the Dialita Choir. What they do is a form of women's writing which is an attempt to include women in historical narratives. This study aims to analyze their act as a form of feminine writing that can be seen through the lyrics of a song sung by the Dialita Choir. The lyrics from the Dialita Choir are treated as text. The analysis in this study uses a feminist perspective with a critical discourse analysis approach. This study found that written songs became a coping mechanism for them while being arrested.


Significance Cancer cells acquire distinct metabolic adaptations for survival. However, how metabolic remodeling enables cancer cells to survive genomic instability stress remains poorly understood. This report shows that p53 loss or mutation reprograms folate metabolism through MTHFD2. Moreover, MTHFD2 not only influences reactive oxygen species but also unexpectedly participates in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) in response to DNA damage. Down-regulation of MTHFD2 preferably induces apoptosis and cell proliferative arrest in p53-deficient cells but protects p53 wild-type cells by inducing the AICAR-mediated AMPK-p53-p21 activation. Collectively, it reveals both metabolism-dependent and -independent functions of MTHFD2 in controlling p53-dependent cell survival and uncovers a new role for MTHFD2 in NHEJ. MTHFD2 depletion may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of p53-deficient tumors. Cancer cells acquire metabolic reprogramming to satisfy their high biogenetic demands, but little is known about how metabolic remodeling enables cancer cells to survive stress associated with genomic instability. Here, we show that the mitochondrial methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD2) is transcriptionally suppressed by p53, and its up-regulation by p53 inactivation leads to increased folate metabolism, de novo purine synthesis, and tumor growth in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, MTHFD2 unexpectedly promotes nonhomologous end joining in response to DNA damage by forming a complex with PARP3 to enhance its ribosylation, and the introduction of a PARP3-binding but enzymatically inactive MTHFD2 mutant (e.g., D155A) sufficiently prevents DNA damage. Notably, MTHFD2 depletion strongly restrains p53-deficient cell proliferation and sensitizes cells to chemotherapeutic agents, indicating a potential role for MTHFD2 depletion in the treatment of p53-deficient tumors.


Writing‐to‐learn techniques can enhance learning, yet a need remains for more empirical research on the quality of learning that results from engaging in particular writing tasks with description of the instructional support for writing situated in context. This report builds on past research linking inquiry, social negotiation, and writing strategies to student learning assessed for recall and conceptual understanding. Assessments were administered after two different writing types: laboratory reports written in either a conventional (Control group) or a non‐traditional format using the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH group) and a summary report of concepts explored in the inquiry activities. Results following summary report writing indicated SWH students performed better on conceptual questions, recognized distinct thinking was required by the two writing types, and were more likely to describe learning as they were writing compared with Control group students. Females who used the SWH and wrote summary reports to peers benefited most.


Aiming at the influence of anti-acoustic baffle on the acoustic characteristics of hydrophone, the sound field model of hydrophone under the influence of anti-acoustic baffle is established by using finite element software, and the sensitivity variation law is analyzed. The simulation results show that the anti-acoustic baffle and the hydrophone can be placed at 45°, and the former can increase the sensitivity of the latter by 6dB in a certain frequency range. This frequency range varies with the change in the anti-sound coefficient of the baffle and the distance between the hydrophone and the baffle. The research results have guiding significance for designing high-sensitivity hydrophones in the future.


In this study, simplified high spatial resolution measurement technique for three-dimensional velocity distributions was examined. The Holographic Particle Image Velocimetry (HPIV) was the technique to record the three-dimensional position of the tracer particle on the hologram. From the three dimensional holographic particle images, three dimensional velocity distribution could be calculated with high-spatial resolution. Ordinary the HPIV uses the phase-conjugated configuration to reconstruct the three dimensional particle position. Though with the technique the particle location could be obtained with high S/N ration and high spatial resolution, the technique had very complicated calibration procedure and sensitivity. Therefore, in this study using the virtual image, more simple extracting technique to reconstruct particle location were examined. The technique was simple in layout and had good S/N ratio and high spatial resolution. In the experiment, the technique was applied to measure upward air jet. S/N ratio of the extracted image was good enough to detect three dimensional particle location. Particles were detected with high resolution. Using the extracted particle locations, the three dimensional velocity could be calculated well showing the effectiveness of the technique.


The maximum flow problem is one of the combinatorial optimization problems. The objective of the problem is to find maximum amount of flow from the source to the sink in a network. Due to lack of information in some networks, different types of uncertainty in arc capacities arise. To deal with such situations some scholars consider the arc capacities as random variable or fuzzy variable and solve the problem using probability theory and fuzzy theory. In absence of sufficient data for fitting of appropriate probability distribution for arc capacities or unobservable conditions for measuring arc capacities, neither probability theory nor fuzzy set theory shall be applicable. In this situation, subjective estimation of arc capacities is done by the experts who are inclined to estimate the values in form of certain range as per their belief degree. These estimates can be best characterized by rough variables. In this paper, we have studied maximum flow problem using rough variables as arc capacities and augmenting path algorithm is used to find the sure maximum flow and possible maximum flow. Further, two compromise solutions are proposed using uncertainty theory.


The critical assessment of information as a means of screening and selecting scientific results, leading to a procedure for condensing the flood of data from the primary literature into the secondary literature, is reviewed (here, exemplified for organic chemistry). The criteria for critical assessment without loss of content, developed and tested by the Beilstein Institute on the basis of a hundred years' experience, are presented. The possible extent to which data can thus be reduced is demonstrated for a number of examples.


OF THE THESIS EFFECTS OF PERIODIC ACCELERATION (pGz) ON NITRIC OXIDE DURING RESUSCITATION IN ANESTHETIZED PIGS by Ingrid M. Gunnlaugsson Florida International University, 2003 Miami, Florida Professor John McDonough, Major Professor The purpose of this study was to compare the response of Nitric Oxide (NO) during periodic acceleration (pGz) to standard CPR in anesthetized pigs. PGz increases blood flow during resuscitation and research suggests NO may be the mediator. Twelve anesthetized pigs (9.5 to 12 kg) were stimulated into ventricular fibrillation and resuscitated via either pGz or standard CPR. Serum NO levels were drawn prior to ventricular fibrillation and at 10 and 20 minutes during resuscitation. Mean NO levels were measured using three methods: an NO Meter (ISO-NO Mark II), using both a reductase and deproteinization method, and a Greiss Reaction Assay. Data were analyzed using Friedman matched samples and Kruskal-Wallis signed ranks test. While significant differences were noted in some of the measurements, these differences were inconsistent. Variations in the NO levels in this study indicate problems with both the sampling modality and the reduction methods utilized in measurement.


As there are no previous studies of the European wild‐garlic (Allium ursinum) effects on the gastrointestinal system, despite its traditional applications in gastrointestinal disorders' treatment and regular use in the human diet, we have quantified and compared spasmolytic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of its different leaf extracts.


A microscopic theory of intramolecular optical and radiationless electron transitions in nonpolar fluids is developed. The solute is modeled by a polarizable dipolar hard sphere, and the solvent by polarizable hard spheres. The effect of the induction and dispersion interactions to the spectral line shift and width are calculated as a perturbation expansion in the solute‐solvent attractions. The relative contributions of both these effects depend significantly on the solute size. Only for large solutes the dispersions are found to dominate the first order energy shift, while inductions become important if the solute size is comparable to that of the solvent molecules. If the solute dipole moment increases with excitation the dispersion and induction components of the first order spectral shift add up leading to a redshift. In the converse case (dipole moment decreasing) the two components have opposite signs, and the shift may switch from red to blue. Furthermore, both components cause the solvent reorgan...


The influence of the stage of topping and the planting distance as they influenced agronomic and chemical characters during the years 1974–1976 was studied on cigarette tobacco. The plants were spaced 41, 51 and 61 cm in the row, 122 cm between rows. The tobacco was topped at the early button stage, the button stage and at 25% flowering. A planting distance of 41 cm with early topping produced the best results, taking into consideration both agronomic and chemical factors. Early topping had no significant effect on yield, grade index, maturity index and percentage of reducing sugars. Late topping reduced revenue, percentage of nicotine, total alkaloids and total nitrogen. Close planting in the row increased yield and revenue while it decreased the level of total alkaloids and total nitrogen and had no significant effect on the other parameters studied.


The results of the new measurements of the linear absorption coefficient for positrons emitted from 22Na and 68Ge\68Ga sources are presented. As a result, improvements were made to the well-known Gleason et al. (G. I. Gleason et al., Nucleonics 8, 12 (1951) [1]) formula giving the value of the mass absorption coefficient. It was shown that this coefficient depended not only on the maximum energy of emitted positrons but also on the atomic number the implanted absorber and exhibited an oscillatory dependence on atomic number for heavy absorbers. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A scheme for feedback control of reverse reaction processes, characterised by stable non-minimum phase transfer functions, is described. The approach is based on a 'pseudo-predictor', which is essentially a Pade approximation to a Smith predictor. An example demonstrates a trade-off involved, and shows the decisive contribution to tightness of control made by the pseudo-predictor


T he use of synectics and surrealism may assist children in generating symbols and metaphor in order to promote creative and imaginative ideas for artmaking. According to Levi-Strauss (1962), experience with metaphor enables students to generate ideas for creative expression, rich in meaning and at the center of discursive thought. The use of metaphor may also provide students with cognitive tools for increasing imagination, creativity, and intellectual inventiveness (Egan, 2005). Relative to the discussion of metaphor making, and within the synectic and surrealism dialogue, the author discusses strategies for extending imaginative and creative thinking by encouraging fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration (Torrance & Safter, 1999). When these four techniques for encouraging creativity are exercised, students are more likely to become creative problem solvers (Starko, 2004). In this article, I argue for the use of creative thinking skills-fluency, flexibility,originality, and elaboration-to help students arrive at ideas for artwork as an inceptive means to utilizing the cycle of visual inquiry (Siegesmund, 2000).


Cross-cultural awareness can also be referred to as cultural awareness. Cross-cultural awareness is often described as sensitivity to cultural influences in language use and communication. In various cultures, cultivating learners' cultural awareness of cultural diversity can provide learners with knowledge and skills to communicate effectively. English teaching in China has always focused on teaching students grammar knowledge and oral English training, but it does not pay attention to introducing the differences of transnational cultures, which leads to students' ignorance of foreign cultures, which leads to the failure of communication. According to cognitive psychology, human cognitive process is the processing process of symbolic information system, and its theoretical goal is to explain and explain how people process information when completing cognitive activities. This paper analyzes the connotation of cross-cultural awareness, points out the goal and content of cross-cultural awareness training in basic English education, and then puts forward the main strategies of cross-cultural awareness cultivation in English education based on cognitive psychology.


Refueling aircraft has become a significant aspect of military strategy for air forces to work at further distances from safe shores. This paper will address the aerodynamics of the drogue refueling system and in particular its characteristics at low speeds, including head and tail winds. Data from wind tunnel experiments are used to show how the docking when refueling is affected by the lower speeds, position behind the supply aircraft and weather conditions. Possibilities of design improvements and implications are related to the task of refueling Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in-flight


The Administrative Reforms Commission, besides the Report on Personnel Administration, submitted four more reports to the Government during the period AprilDecember, 1969. These were on: (i) "Centre-State Relationships", (ii) "Delegation of Financial and Administrative Powers", (iii) Small Scale Sector, and (iv) State Administration, Digests of (i) and (ii) appear at pages 729 and 733 respectively.


PURPOSE: An acoustic/electric conversion package and a substrate for the same are provided to extend arrangement area of an electric/electronic element, by improving the material of the substrate with a ceramic material. CONSTITUTION: A cover container covers a substrate(40) as comprising an acoustic inlet hole. The cover container defines a chamber region separated from the outside. An acoustic/electric conversion device(110) is arranged on the substrate. The acoustic/electric conversion device converts an acoustic signal from the acoustic inlet hole into an electric signal. A signal processing circuit set(130) is arranged on the substrate. The signal processing circuit set supplies an operation voltage to the acoustic/electric device. The signal processing circuit set processes the converted electric signal. The substrate is formed with a ceramic material. The electric/electronic device is installed in the substrate.


Klryat Shmona Is a small town (16,000 Inhabitants) on the Northern border of Israel with Lebanon. Since 1968, this town has suffered from sporadic sheliings. The nature of the shelling an unpredictable sudden hit accompanied by very loud noise and destruction had a shocking Impact on the population. Parents and teachers, although suffering themselves from the constant threat, were very concerned about their children's futures. A whole night In shelters was a common event for the citizens of Kiryat Shmona and had a negative effect on pupils' and teachers' performance on the following day. An attack which happened In the morning could result In a whole day In the shelters at school. In an area of 25 square metres there were up to one hundred children. Coming to Klryat Shmona In 1979, we found that the children were well trained to find shelter as soon as they heard the rockets and ran quietly to an underground shelter as soon as possible. However, very little had been done In preparing them to cope with the social and psychological effects of the shelling. Overcrowded shelters; screaming and shouting children; teachers trying to Induce some order by singing out loud or trying some movement games, were common scenes. There were complaints about excessive noise; lack of space; fearful and crying children at the one extreme and extremely silent children at the other. Teachers, although doing their utmost to activate the children, were under extreme stress both physically (because of the size of the shelter) and emotionally (being responsible for their pupils and, at the same time, being worried about their own families). Observing these conditions, we suggested to the educational authorities a preparatory programme based on Caplan's (1979) theory and on the suggestions of Klingman and Ayalon (1980), two Israeli psychologists who worked with teachers during the '1973 War' and Abraham (1976), teachers' support group. When approaching teachers and headmasters, the main defence mechanism that we were faced with was denial:


For many years, utilities have used electromechanical relays for power system protection. The result of using electromechanical relays has been an extensive maintenance and design practice. Both the maintenance and design of protection schemes using these relays is expensive and time-consuming. Over the last ten years, microprocessor-based relays have come of age. Microprocessor-based relays offer many advantages over electromechanical relays. This paper compares a typical transmission line protection scheme in terms of cost, engineering design, and maintenance. The information presented in this paper shows that microprocessor-based relays offer significant savings in cost, engineering design, and maintenance. The paper concludes by showing many transmission line protection applications for microprocessorbased relays. INTRODUCTION Protective relays playa critical role in the operation of the electrical power system. The protective relays are designed to take action when abnonnal conditions occur on the power system. These abnonnal conditions may be short circuits, overload conditions, and loss of system synchronism. Elaborate protection schemes have been developed to detect these various conditions using trial and error and system operating experience. The protection schemes have typically been made up of discrete components such as overcurrent relays, diStance relays, auxiliary relays, and reclosing relays. All of the devices must be wired together to have a complete, functional scheme, which means time and money in the design, development, and installation process. Due to the number of components that make up these protection schemes, detailed installation tests, and routine maintenance programs must be performed to ensure that the schemes are functioning correctly. Again, this requires a significant investment in time, money, and manpower. For example, a typical step time distance transmission line protection scheme must be maintained every one to three years to ensure that it is performing within specific guidelines. Microprocessor-based relays offer many advantages over schemes using discrete components. The overall scheme takes up less panel space. The number of components is greatly reduced. The design and wiring is simpler and less costly to implement. Installation testing and maintenance testing can be greatly reduced. Microprocessor-based relays also offer many features and functions in addition to the base protection functions. Joe Mooney Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Pullman, W A USA Microprocessor-based relays may be used in all electromechanical relay applications. The added benefits of simple scheme design and improved reliability make them a very attractive option. Microprocessor-based relays also make new applications and protection philosophies available. We can implement more flexible protection schemes, reduce maintenance, obtain more information to increase our understanding of the power system, and improve the reliability of the protection system as a whole at a cost less than conventional electromechanical relays. COMPARING ELECTROMECHANICAL AND MICROPROCESSOR-BASED PROTECTION SCHEMES Hardware and Space Requirements A typical three-zone step time distance scheme consists of instantaneous tripping elements, two levels of time-delayed tripping elements for phase faults and an instantaneous tripping element, and timeovercurrent element for ground faults. For this example, we shall assume that the step time distance scheme uses phase distance and directional ground overcurrent elements. Phase faults are detected using three zones of phase distance relays. Ground faults are detected using a directional ground overcurrent relay which includes a time-overcurrent element and an instantaneous overcurrent element. The protection scheme also includes a single-shot recloser for automatic line restoration after a fault has been cleared. The electromechanical relay scheme uses three-phase distance relays. These relays may cover all fault types on a per-zone basis or all three zones on a faulted phase pair basis. This depends upon the manufacturer of the distance relays. However, in either case, three distance relays are required. A timer is also required for the time-delayed backup elements. Typically, the time delay is provided from separate timers, so if one timer fails, the entire step time distance scheme is not lost. A single directional ground overcurrent relay shall be used for ground fault detection. A single-shot reclosing relay shall also be provided for restoring the line. A non-directional overcurrent relay shall be used to supervise the distance relays. The electromechanical relay scheme panel layout is shown in Figure I. Note that the electromechanical scheme requires nearly all of the space contained in an 84-inch by 19-inch panel. The microprocessor-based scheme shall consist of a multifunction relay that provides three zones of step time distance protection, three levels of instantaneous or definite time directional ground overcurrent protection, a directional ground time-overcurrent function, and three-shot recloser. The microprocessorbased scheme shall also include a single-zone microprocessor-based relay as a backup in case of failure of the primary multi-zone relay. Figure 2 shows the panel layout for the microprocessor-based relay scheme. The space requirement for the microprocessor-based relay scheme is much less than the electromechanical relay scheme.


Even though games that focus on the development of logical-mathematical skills aimed at maintaining the attention of children with ADHD currently exist, there are no applications available to learn how to solve mathematical problems. In view of this problem, a serious game was designed and developed to enable children to achieve significant learning in this subject. An evaluation was performed of the interface of a section of the game focusing on the concept of counting. Work was performed with 7 teachers by means of a Wizard of Oz experiment. A CSUQ questionnaire was also used to gather general information on the teachers, such as gender and age. The children's experience in using the application was also assessed. The study indicates that the current interface is usable, though it requires certain improvements in terms of typography, image design, and color.


Purpose – The purpose of this research is to report on research to date concerning the creation of a hybrid model for managing performance and decision making with elements of an IBM supply chain.Design/methodology/approach – As part of a wider research programme this paper utilises survey, focus group and case analysis techniques to examine the supply chain interactions.Findings – A cross‐functional process‐orientated team was assembled to look at the end‐to‐end process logic, skills alignment, effective codified knowledge systems, and the prioritisation of change to overcome inhibitors of change originating from functional/IT‐focused processes/solutions.Research limitations/implications – The results of this paper have, as yet, not been validated beyond the process performance targets set by IBM. Validation across and within industry boundaries, based on survey and case analysis, is about to commence.Practical implications – Too often "management" play too active a role in the operational aspects of tea...


The purpose of this article is to describe, according to the travel diary of Prosperus Anthony Berchtold,
the legation, which was sent by Charles IV to the Turkish Sultan to Istanbul. The article should, besides an
existing topic of traveling during Early Modern Times, sum up also reasons for making trips and describe means
of transport of then travelers or as in this case of imperial ambassadors. The author of this article was able to
describe this legation thanks to the list of participants which was written by Berchtold at the beginning of his
travel diary. Here, as well, a social hierarchy occurs and that is why we could compare all the positions of the
participants with the hierarchy at noble and imperial courts. The description of the journey itself completes the
picture of everyday life of then society because Berchtold mentions besides a travel itinerary also everyday
rituals, such as dinner or lunch or officiating of the holy mass. As the young noble wrote these things into his
diary, we can say that they were probably very important part of his everyday life. When he describes his travels,
he does not mention much description of any town or building. On the contrary, he describes in details all both
the official and unofficial meetings, which took place during this journey. He also mentions different strange or
even tragic events such as collision of two ships thanks to carelessness of the crew and drowning of one member
of the crew. This diary is very important source for investigation of travel diaries of 18th century because they are
very rare for this period of time and that is way, it could not have been compiled and could have not connected
this investigation with investigation of older travel diaries.


In Brief

This article describes an ongoing project being implemented at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center that is designed to provide diabetes self-management education (DSME) in primary care offices. The author identifies process issues that should be considered when implementing a DSME program in primary care settings and provides helpful information about the billing and revenue issues that can present barriers to reimbursement for DSME services.


The industry leading 8th generation 1Tb 3D-NAND flash memory (8th 3D-NAND) has been developed while possessing the smallest unit cell volume among all 3D-NAND products. Despite increasing stacking layers from 176 to 236, we improved the uniformity of channel hole size by utilizing the state of the art HARC (high-aspect ratio contact) etching technology. Degradation of interference and retention characteristics due to the cell scale-down is overcome by several ingenious technologies, leading to the development of highly reliable high performance device.


Field of surface chemistry, it is of interest to describe certain properties based on the molecular structure of the surfactant. It is, therefore, of interest to know the purity or composition of the surfactant studied. Remaining hydrophobic starting material or byproducts are very often surface active and may thus affect the surface measurement studies. This review consist the characteristic of surfactants with sugar head group in their structure called sugar based surfactants.


Abstract : The instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) receiver is highly susceptible to erroneously reporting frequency if two or more signals are overlapped in time. This problem is extremely important when the receiver is presented to detect simultaneous signals which overlap in the critical frequency encode strobe. In essence, during the pulse overlap condition, a transient will occur on the video output lines of the receiver. These lines are monitored during the transient period and compared with predetermined values which are obtained from a single signal condition. If a transient is detected, a simultaneous signal detect flag is raised and this flag is sent to an associated processor. In this special design, the receiver will measure the frequency again at approximately 200 ms from the first measurement. The transient detection is also performed on the second measurement.


The article presents the experience of clustering the states of the world, based on political indicators. Ten indicators were selected for analysis, divided into foreign and domestic political ones and including: the institutional foundations of democracy, turnout in elections, the representation of women in national parliaments, the number of NGOs, the share of state votes in the IMF, the number of diplomatic missions; the strength of the passport, the index of perception of corruption, the conflict potential of the state and military spending. With the help of geographic and geopolitical matrices of the neighborhood, a spatial econometric analysis was carried out, and using the method of geographic average and the Geary index, clustering of the states of the world was carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, we can say that the geopolitical neighborhood matrix allows more accurate clustering of the states of the world according to political indicators by taking into account the context. As for the clustering method in general, with its help it was possible not only to visualize the various parameters displayed on the cartogram of the world, but also to fix the prerequisites for integration processes, cleavages between groups of states, development trends of a particular cluster of states, etc.


Work to construct an exciting new development including a cinema is set to start in a few weeks when the Westmoreland Road car park closes.


This article presents an NMR probe that will allow to flow reactants through a spinning catalyst bed while monitoring the reaction. The products of the reaction can also be trapped downstream and analyzed using GC-MS or other suitable techniques.


The synthesis and properties of polycyclic aromatic compounds with a circular arrangement of benzene rings, circulenes, are described. They were prepared by the way of strained cyclophanes. The synthetic pathways for circulenes, their unique structures obtained from X-ray analysis, and the electric properties are discussed in detail.


PURPOSE: An intermediate entity between a RAN(Radio Access Network) and a CN(Core Network) for a guarantee of QoS(Quality of Service) in an ALL-IP protocol and a method thereof are provided to efficiently use resources in an ALL-IP network and to guarantee QoS. CONSTITUTION: An intermediate entity between a RAN and a CN for a guarantee of QoS in an ALL-IP protocol is comprised of an Int_Serv(Integrated Service) network associated data collection part(51), a Diff_Serv(Differentiated Service) network associated data collection part(52), an RSVP message mapping support part(53), a code point value allocation part(54), and a dynamic information application part(55). The Int_Serv network associated data collection part(51) collects resources of an Int_Serv network. The Diff_Serv network associated data collection part(52) collects resources of a Diff_Serv network. The RSVP message mapping support part(53) supports the termination of an RSVP message, and determines the extent of resources to be allocated to each router in the Diff_Serv network. The code point value allocation part(54) executes a flow class allocation to fix each router's PHB(Per-Hop Behavior) in order to map each packet flow in the Int_Serv network to each router in the Diff_Serv network. The dynamic information application part(55) supports a CAC(Call Admission Control) function and a policing function.


The sport is a group has the exploration nature or the experienceexploration sports project group take the natural environment as thelocation.Along with the living standard enhancement,to theunderstanding which relates with the nature is day by day profoundalong with the people,the hug nature,challenged the self-sport thento walk in front of us.Hangzhou sport resources extremely rich,themarket prospect is broad.By Hangzhou outdoor sports status and development of study : Hangzhou with the sustained rapid economic development,engaged in outdoor sports population will rapidly increase.At different stages and as general outdoor sports and leisure travel light,and outdoor sports in Hangzhou will have a bright future.


The coordination of mitotic events is ensured through the spindle assembly checkpoint. BFA1 is required for this checkpoint in budding yeast because its disruption abol-ishes the mitotic arrest when spindle assembly is inhibited. Analysis of the genetic interaction of BFA1 with known mitotic checkpoint genes suggest that Bfa1 functions in the same pathway with Bub2 but not with Mad1 or Mad2. Both Bfa1 and Bub2 localize to spindle poles, and overexpression of Bfa1 arrests the cell cycle in anaphase. These findings suggest a bifurcation of the spindle assembly checkpoint: whereas one branch of the pathway, consisting of Mad1–3, Bub1 and 3, and Mps1, may prevent premature disjunction of sister chromosomes, the other, consisting of Bfa1 and Bub2, may function at spindle poles to prevent cytokinesis before the completion of chromosome segregation. Cell cycle checkpoints ensure the fidelity of cell division by monitoring the completion of individual cell cycle events and controlling progression of the cell cycle through regulation of Cdk activity (reviewed in refs. 1 and 2). Inhibition of spindle assembly by microtubule drugs or mutations prevents cell exit from mitosis and entry into the next cell cycle (reviewed in refs. 3 and 4). Genetic analysis in budding yeast first led to the identification of several genes, BUB1 , 2 , and 3 , MAD1 , 2 , and 3 , and MPS1 , which are required for the cell cycle arrest in response to inhibition of microtubule function (5–7). Homologs of several of these gene products have been identified in animal cells and shown to prevent mitotic progression in response to spindle defects (reviewed in refs. 3 and 4).


In the information booming era,Internet information control and supervision always need to deal with numerous update information and focuse on some specific areas such as social focus,hot topics,anti-social statement and porno information.Considering all these features,create a Chinese text clustering model and specialized in Internet information hotspots discovery on initiative.It proposes the density based DK solution also combined the strength of K-Means algorithm and the feasibility is justified in the experiment.


Objective To investigate the expression of cell inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2(c-IAP2) in pancreatic cancer tissues and its clinical significance,and further study the relationship between c-LAP2 and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells. Methods C-IAP2 expression was examined in 32 cases of pancreatic carcinoma by using immunohistochemistry,and the relationship between c-IAP2 expres-sion and clinicopathology analyzed. A gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC-1) was ob-tained by gradient increase of concentration. The sensitivity of drug resistance was observed by MTT assay. C-IAP2 expression was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot in pancreatic cancer cell line. Results C-IAP2 expression was detected in 100.0% (32/32) of pancreatic carcinoma tissues and 44. 4% (8/18) of normal pancreatic tissues, respectively. The expression level of c-IAP2 was higher in pan-creatic carcinoma than in normal pancreatic tissues. Significant correlation was found between the expres-sion of c-IAP2 and tumor differentiation (P<0.05). Three months after being cultured by gemcitabine, the ICS0 of PANC-1 cells was increased from (6.03±0.27) to (41.60±1.14) mg/L (P<0.05). C-IAP2 protein expression levels detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot were significantly in-creased in PANC-1/Gem compared to its parental cell line (P<0.05). Conclusion C-IAP2 may play a role in th the differentiation of pancreatic carcinoma and acquired gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cell line.

Key words:
Pancreatic carcinoma;  Apoptosis;  Chemoresistance


Artificial neural networks (ANN) are computational models with particular characteristics such as the ability of learning and the ability of classifying and organizing data. One of its applications is the classification of patterns. In this paper, we will use ANN to classify patterns of voice (voiced sounds) using acoustic measures in signals originated from real voices and also from synthesized voices. The first idea was to find a way to classify sinthesized voices generated by the SINTESE software (Cataldo et al, 2005); it uses mechanical models of the vocal cords and the vocal tract to generate synthesized voices. We analyze normal voices and also voices with characteristics of patholog.y


The Cape Town Agreement of 1927 was the first-ever bilateral agreement within the British Empire in which Britain was not involved. Signed between India and South Africa soon after the Balfour Declaration of 1926, the Agreement heralded a new sovereign order within the Empire. For India, the Agreement also holds a special importance because it was negotiated, for the first time, by an Indian-led delegation. In this article, we narrate how the agreement came about, situating it within the contingencies and constraints of putting into practice India's anomalous international identity in the context of an emerging norm of racialized sovereignty in the 1920s.


The goal of this study was to assess the functionality of the rotator cable in stress-shielding the rotator crescent region. The hypothesis was that releasing the rotator cable would significantly increase strain in the rotator crescent and significantly decrease abduction force. Surface strain and abduction force were measured for 8 cadaveric specimens for three different states of the rotator cable: intact, anterior or posterior insertion released, and both anterior and posterior insertions released. A custom-built shoulder simulator applied a physiological loading pattern to the rotator cuff muscles to simulate abduction. For each cable state, the specimen was fixed in place at both 0 and 30 degrees of abduction. Four specific regions were analyzed for strain: two areas towards the center of the rotator crescent and an area on both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons. Statistical analysis was performed with anterior and posterior separated and with the two groups combined comparing the intact state to the fully released state.


Mixing and transport processes are very important in the dynamics of the oceans as they influence their physical, biological and chemical properties. From plankton to oil spills, there is a broad range of problems that can benefit from understanding these processes. Transport and mixing occur at all scales of motion, ranging from the scale of rings to the microscale of 3D turbulence. In the past many studies tried to discern the relative importance of the processes developing at different scales on transport and mixing reaching contrasting conclusions. The prevailing idea is that most of the transport and mixing are associated with meso/large scale features where most of the energy is stored. This vision is opposed to what suggested by recent studies where an important role on transport/mixing is given to submesoscale processes (SM) (Lumpkin and Elipot [1], Schroeder et al. [2]). The main objective of this work is to understand the role of SM features on the transport and mixing of large scale coherent structures (LCS) in the Gulf Stream (GS) region. Two numerical simulations in HYCOM are compared at different resolutions of a warm core ring in the northern branch of the GS. Diagnostics are computed for the winter season, when a strong submesoscale activity is observed in the mixed layer of the high resolution simulation.


To reveal the pressure loss mechanism,turbulent flows in fittings with one bend were studied by means of solving the three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and experiments,and analyzing pressure and velocity distributing in ducts.The affecting distance was measured.This study not only analyzes the hydrodynamic characteristics in combining bends more deeply,but also provides scientific reference for future study of mechanism and prediction.


Based on panel data of 300 thousand industrial enterprises during 2005 to 2009, this paper analyzes the features of Chinese exporters in line with the heterogeneous firm theory, and comes up with the following findings. Firstly, firms involved in exporting take a high proportion in China with low concentration levels and unstable export behaviors. Secondly, the majority of outputs from these firms are served for the international market; export contributed by foreign-owned firms accounts for 44.63% of the total export. Thirdly, "export premium" does not hold in China since exporters are characterized by low total factor productivity(TFP), profit margin and capital intensity. Combining Stochastic Dominance and Kolmogorov-Smirnov approach, this study finds that export mode of processing trade, factor market distortion and product market segmentation are three main causes that shape the unique features of exporters in China.


The ASF+SDF Meta-Environment has become a legacy system over the last few years. This paper describes the first steps towards a new implementation of this system. This implementation is based on the latest techniques concerning the coupling of software components, construction of user interfaces and modern programming languages. Special care has been taken to ensure the flexibility and extensibility of the system, both now and in the future. The general architecture of the new environment is discussed as well as the components which are currently implemented and operational in the environment. Each component is independent of the other components and communicates using the TOOLBUS.


✓ A study of connections between C-1, C-2, and the spinal accessory nerve is reported. Four variations are described from anatomical and clinical points of view. Often the only pathway for the sensory fibers of C-1 to reach the spinal cord is through the rootlets of the eleventh cranial nerve.


The main objective of this article is to present the fundamentals regarding Competencies Animator, with the intention of providing a source of information to feed and create a study guide for those interested in this area of tourism. Added to this, it is my duty to explain that this document was conceived thanks to the meeting I made in various seminars in the country of France during the Update Program for Executives AMESTUR-VTF-UNAT 2014, which aimed to discover the social tourism, its origin, development and its benefits to the local economy, the importance of socio-cultural and professional training of animators. These seminars were chaired by French experts in the field, who have adopted the Social Tourism as a life and show the importance of the Tourism Skills Camp for developing it. The competencies mentioned are Leadership, Empathy, Proactivity, Creativity, Organization and Training.


Complex software systems play an increasingly important role in business and everyday life. Software engineering education needs to cover a wide range of technical and non-technical competencies and skills, while technologies and best practices in this area are evolving rapidly, enabling new applications for the industry. Therefore a crucial task in teaching software engineering is the incremental improvement and enhancement of courses. To make the complexity and evolution of software engineering education more transparent and traceable than through an unstructured documentation, we are searching for a way to model teaching goals. One promising candidate for modeling teaching goals is i*. We applied i* in a realistic setting and present a significant portion of the resulting model. We share some empirical experiences on using i* in this setting, highlight possible barriers and limitations, and outline potential next steps.


The method of graded adjustment of fuel supply was adopted. Adjustments to compensate for variations in quality of fuel gas, which often amounted to as high as 30% change in the gas pressure at the burners within two or three minutes, are produced through the agency of the variation in the length of a bunsen burner flame as different kinds of gas are supplied under the same pressure. The adjustment is thus made without the temperature departing from the desired value.

Further minor adjustments are made according to slight departures from normal of the combustion chamber temperatures. The pyrometer control contacts are moved away from the normal position simultaneously as the gas pressure is adjusted, the magnitude of this adjustment being proportional to the necessary motion of the contact points to bring them to the momentary position of the pyrometer pointer. The contact points are then automatically returned to their normal position at a predetermined (constant or variable) rate which is the estimated rate at which the kiln should return to its normal value when the correct adjustment has been made. A sufficient correction is thus made promptly without over-correction during the necessary period of recovery as demanded by the kiln lag.


After the initial fulfillment of conveying passengers, the Transport industry is generally referred to as aiming at fulfilling 3 main goals: (1) improving passenger comfort; (2 increasing passenger safety and security; and (3) while enhancing its own operational efficiency. This paper discusses security can be improved and particularly in moving vehicles.


Abstract: This paper contains the results of the seismic risk assessment of an existing reinforced concrete viaduct erected in the 1960's. This study is part of an ongoing research that aims preparing new Italian design guidelines for the seismic vulnerability assessment of existing bridges. The bridge under consideration is a two-lane plan-irregular viaduct located along the main north-south highway 16 "Adriatica" in Vasto Marina, in the Abruzzo region, Italy. The structure consists of multiple reinforced concrete frames connected by Gerber beams. The bridge is studied using linear response spectrum analysis, nonlinear static pushover and nonlinear dynamic analyses. Two different models are prepared, one with lumped and the second one with distributed plasticity. The distributed plasticity model is calibrated to match the plastic hinge lengths provided by current design codes. The piers are idealized with beam elements and appropriate kinematic constrains, whereas the deck is modelled with shell and beam elements. The nonlinear static analyses are performed with the lumped plastic model, whereas the response time histories are performed with the distributed plasticity, force-based fiber-section model. The results point to the limitations of both linear and nonlinear static procedures, whereas the nonlinear time history analyses appear to be the most logical choice for the seismic vulnerability assessment of existing, irregular, non-ductile structures. Open issues also remain on the design check verifications of irregular structures where biaxial bending needs to be considered.


In this paper we have proposed to mention that, with the development of information technologies, including the development of the Internet and issues such as hyper-competition, globalization and corporate social responsibility, traditional marketing approaches are no longer effective. The population's access to education services has increased, which means that people are better prepared, more experienced, more interested in the quality of offered and received services. Thus, consumers are becoming more mature, looking for variety, possibilities of choice, wanting greater communication and personalization of services, varied activities, adventure, authentic, real experiences. The holistic marketing concept considers marketing not as an isolated aspect of business, but as an element that must be integrated into every aspect of the entire business. This is the only way a company can stay relevant and profitable in its business.


: Sentiment analysis or Opinion Mining (OM) has gained significant interest among research communities and entrepreneurs in the recent years. Likewise, Machine Learning (ML) approaches is one of the interesting research domains that are highly helpful and are increasingly applied in several business domains. In this background, the current research paper focuses on the design of automated opinion mining model using Deer Hunting Optimization Algorithm (DHOA) with Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) abbreviated as DHOA-FNN model. The proposed DHOA-FNN technique involves four different stages namely, preprocessing, feature extraction, classification, and parameter tuning. In addition to the above, the proposed DHOA-FNN model has two stages of feature extraction namely, Glove and N-gram approach. Moreover, FNN model is utilized as a classification model whereas GTOA is used for the optimization of parameters. The novelty of current work is that the GTOA is designed to tune the parameters of FNN model. An extensive range of simulations was carried out on the benchmark dataset and the results were examined under diverse measures. The experimental results highlighted the promising performance of DHOA-FNN model over recent state-of-the-art techniques with a maximum accuracy of 0.9928. employed as feature extractors which are then fed into FNN model to identify the sentiments. To enhance the efficacy of FNN technique, the parameters are optimally adjusted using DHOA. The application of DHOA, to adjust FNN variables, results in maximum classification outcome. A wide range of experimental analyses was performed on benchmark datasets and the results were inspected under different metrics. The simulation outcome highlighted the promising performance of DHOA-FNN technique over recent state-of-the-art techniques under several aspects. In future, the proposed DHOA-FNN model can be enhanced by using advanced deep learning architectures.


(57) ABSTRACT A composition and method for forming a field effect transis tor with a stable n-doped nano-component. The method includes forming a gate dielectric on a gate, forming a chan nel comprising a nano-component on the gate dielectric, forming a source over a first region of the nano-component, forming a drain over a second region of the nano-component to form a field effect transistor, and exposing a portion of a nano-component of a field effect transistor to dihydrotet raazapentacene, wherein dihydrotetraazapentacene is repre sented by the formula:


The roots of the Dolomiaea costus (SCO) plant were used as a new, low-cost, eco-friendly, and efficient biosorbent for the removal of Amprolium hydrochloride (AMP) antibacterial veterinary drug residues from aqueous media. The effect of different parameters, such as the initial concentration of AMP, pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature, was investigated. The results showed that the best removal of the AMP drug by SCO was reached at a pH of 3.6 at a contact time of 80 min by a sorbent dosage of 0.04 g at a temperature of 45°C. Adsorption isotherm studies indicated that the AMP removal correlates more with the Freundlich isotherm with R2= 0.991. The maximum adsorption capacity has reached 83% based on the adsorption isotherm studies. The kinetics studies showed that adsorption follows a pseudo-second-order model with R2 = 0.999. The thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process of AMP on SCO is spontaneous in nature and exothermic, with an increase in randomness during the adsorption.


year the world is celebrating, with much enthusiasm, the two hundredth anniversary of the French Revolution. In this it is continuing a tradition that was begun by the finest poets of their age Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey, Byron, Shelley, Schiller, and, in his cooler and more detached way, Goethe, as witnessed by his remarks at the battle of Valmy on the dawn of a new era and in some conversations with Eckermann. Wordsworth's


A monolithically integrated narrow-linewidth (≈ 200 kHz) light source was realized on InP-based quantum dot laser material, which can be tuned over the whole C+ communication band and utilizes the low linewidth enhancement factor as well as the broad gain bandwidth of quasi-zero dimensional gain material.


The restrictions on elementary particle properties which can be derived from cosmological and astrophysical data are considered. The inverse relations between micro- and macrophysics are also discussed, in particular the origin of the baryon asymmetry of the universe.


This article investigates the impact of Thailand's recent bilateral free-trade agreements (FTAs) on the internationalization of Thai multinational enterprises (MNEs). The results highlight the relative importance of internal and external factors in the internationalization of developing country MNEs. The empirical evidence indicated that Thai MNEs judged bilateral FTAs as a critical facilitator of internationalization success. The FTAs facilitated firms' exports to a certain degree and marginally expedited firms' international purchasing activities. The influence of FTAs on firms' foreign investment was not discernible.


Two groups of antibodies against mouse resident alveolar and peri toneal macrophages have been raised individually in rabbits by immuniza tion with whole cell suspensions of lavaged alveolar and peritoneal mac rophages. The whole antisera reacted positively with neutrophils and lymphocytes. However, upon extensive absorptions with these cells the activity became restricted to macrophages. The immunoglobulins were purified up to 8 fold by repeated precipitations with saturated ammonium sulphate. The antibodies were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and further used. The specificity of antibodies was confirmed by direct and indirect immunofluorescence and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. In the cytolysis of target cells in the presence of complement, the antibodies could lyse more than 80% of cells at dilutions as low as 1:512. MJIRI, Vol.5, No. 1,2, 49-54, 1991


We present a new procedure for the internal (night-to-night) calibration of timeseries spectra, with specific applications to optical AGN reverberation mapping data. The traditional calibration technique assumes that the narrow [O iii] λ5007 emission-line profile is constant in time; given a reference [O iii] λ5007 line profile, nightly spectra are aligned by fitting for a wavelength shift, a flux rescaling factor, and a change in the spectroscopic resolution. We propose the following modifications to this procedure: (1) we stipulate a constant spectral resolution for the final calibrated spectra, (2) we employ a more flexible model for changes in the spectral resolution, and (3) we use a Bayesian modeling framework to assess uncertainties in the calibration. In a test case using data for MCG+08-11-011, these modifications result in a calibration precision of ∼1 millimagnitude, which is approximately a factor of five improvement over the traditional technique. At this level, other systematic issues (e.g., the nightly sensitivity functions and Feii contamination) limit the final precision of the observed light curves. We implement this procedure as a python package (mapspec), which we make available to the community.


Static, laboratory-based esophageal manometry has a specialized but important place in the diagnosis of esophageal disorders, as it provides the most direct indication of patterns of esophageal motor function. The value of esophageal manometry in clinical medicine depends on its ability to measure accurately esophageal motor function and detect abnormal function, to provide not only a diagnosis but also an explanation for the patient's symptoms. To this end, manometry is only as useful as its accuracy permits. Over the past 30 yr, manometry has benefitted from a number of technical advances, including: perfused as opposed to water-filled but nonperfused tubes (1); low-compliant, high-fidelity pneumohydraulic perfusion systems (2), the sleeve sensor for measurement of sphincter pressure (3), and micromanometric techniques (4). These developments have substantially improved the accuracy and applicability of the technique.


This research aims at discovering factors which impact on the intention of rural SME owners and managers to adopt m-banking in Bangladesh. Over the last ten years, a wide spectrum of mbanking frameworks has emerged that offers new insights into the adoption and acceptance of mbanking. However, m-banking has still not been extended to rural Bangladesh. To fill the gap this research surveyed 550 SMEs owners/managers in four rural villages. The result indicates that poor banking facilities, cost, credibility, gender, education and SME category are the main factors that significantly influence the intention to adopt m-banking. The analysis introduces three factors which have been largely overlooked in prior literature. The study broadens our understanding of m-banking and provides insights into developing m-banking strategies in Bangladesh. This research will be of potential value in accelerating the development of m-banking in Bangladesh.


The analogs of two seminal quantum optics experiments are considered in a condensed‐matter setting with single‐electron sources injecting electronic wave packets on edge states coupled through a quantum point contact. When only one electron is injected, the measurement of noise correlations at the output of the quantum point contact corresponds to the Hanbury–Brown and Twiss setup. When two electrons are injected on opposite edges, the equivalent of the Hong–Ou–Mandel collision is achieved, exhibiting a dip, as in the coincidence measurements of quantum optics. The Landauer–Büttiker scattering theory is used to first review these phenomena in the integer quantum Hall effect, next, to focus on two more exotic systems: edge states of two‐dimensional topological insulators, where new physics emerges from time reversal symmetry and three‐electron collisions can be achieved; and edges states of a hybrid Hall/superconducting device, which allow electron quantum optics experiments with Bogoliubov quasiparticles to be performed.


【To purpose of this study is to find out a descriptive explanation of why, when and how modernization in Korea came out. Modernization in Korea has been constituted from a completely different context In comparison with the first world countries because of a sudden industrialization and external changing process of product was done under the structural influence of western modernization.. Therefore, by examing the relationship between the socio-cultural meanings of industrialization and the consuming style of the modern society, we can know about the formation of the 'modern' toward product and lifestyle. And in processing of mix with modern and tradition, we can understand that Korean characteristics and tradition becomes objectified, estranged and distorted to form the Korean style in Korea. A culture is changing in developing due to external influence ceaselessly, so it is significant that we will make ours in processing to our own receptive capacity.】


This article is an attempt to compare six surfactants for injection, such as polysorbate 80,polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives,poloxamer188,lecithin,Solutol HS 15,cyclodextrins,from various countries' standards of pharmacopoeias and respectively gives an overview of their chemical compositions,physical appearance,incompatibility of medicines and safety,which provides reference data for new drug research and clinical study of injections.As for the surfactants for injection that are not recorded in the chinese pharmacopoeia(2005),we suggest that we introduce those foreign surfactants and make corresponding quality standards by referring to foreign standards.


Background: Indian bean is established as a prime vegetable crop in India and it attracts a huge market in its seasonal time period due to its multiple uses. Using of organic liquid fertilizer is demand of recent era. Concept of application of organics is vegetable crops is recent trend as it improves yield and helps to extent growth without any adverse effects on ecosystem. Methods: In this experiment, two organic based nutrient formulations viz. Novel organic liquid nutrient and Novel Plus organic liquid nutrient were applied as a foliar spray at 30 days after sowing and 60 days after sowing on Indian bean variety Gujarat Navsari Indian Bean 22 and evaluated its Original Research Article Champaneri et al.; IJPSS, 33(17): 105-115, 2021; Article no.IJPSS.71410 106 effects on different growth parameters and yield parameters. The experiment was arrayed with Randomized Block Design having three replications and seven treatments i.e., No spray (T1), 0.5 % Novel organic liquid nutrient (T2), 1.0 % Novel organic liquid nutrient (T3), 1.5 % Novel organic liquid nutrient (T4), 0.5 % Novel Plus organic liquid nutrient (T5), 1.0 % Novel Plus organic liquid nutrient (T6) and 1.5 % Novel Plus organic liquid nutrient (T7). Result: Treatment T6 executed maximum plant height and highest number of branches. Maximum fresh weight (30.87 g per plant) and dry weight (8.01 g per plant) were also registered under the same treatment T6. Similar treatment has proved to be superior for acquiring highest pod weight, maximum number of pods per plant, pod yield per plant and pod yield per individual plot. In terms of apex total pod yield per plot (3,641 g) and pod yield per hectare (5,619 kg) treatment T6 have performed the best as well. Predominantly, application of 1.0 % Novel Plus organic liquid nutrient on Indian bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] as a foliar spray had positive effects in aspects of growth as well as yield parameters.


A smoke exhaust design in gymnasium of Beijing University of Technology was demonstrated in this paper by simulation. Potential fire scenarios were first identified and combined with empirical correlations to calculate the needed smoke extraction volume, which resulted in a volume of 477,889m3/hr. Then smoke movement under different fire scenarios was simulated by the CFD method with the smoke extraction volume range from 400,000 m3/hr to 200,000 m3/hr with a descending step of 50000 m3/hr and corresponding mechanical ventilation volume equaled 50% of smoke extraction volume to optimize the smoke management system design. The simulation results showed that in all the cases apparent smoke stratification phenomena were formed and the temperatures of the upper layer were less than 60℃. Smoke layer analysis indicated that smoke could be controlled to stay above the critical height to do no harm to people in the competition hall with the smoke extraction volume larger than 250,000 m3/hr. The final smoke management system was designed with extraction volume of 250,000 m3/hr and mechanical ventilation volume of 125,000 m3/hr, which could met the optimum design requirement.


The status of energy conservation activities is discussed, i.e., the forces that shape the demand for energy; the historic relationship between energy use and GNP and the questionable inexorability of this relationship; the framework in which to view energy conservation; recent trends in energy conservation; various strategies for encouraging conservation; and what the future might hold. These issues are identified and discussed in a nontechnical and not necessarily comprehensive framework in order to impart an understanding of the opportunities and limitations that provide the context for energy conservation activities. (MCW)


Abstract : The healthcare system in Ukraine has seen the creation of National Medical Networks and Registers (databases). There are two extensively developed medical networks operating within the framework of the computer network of the first generation HealthNet The most ramified of these two is the National Register of the individuals who are suffering from consequences of the Chernobyl disaster. This Register monitors the health of more than 700,000 persons. A computer network has been created in order to maintain this Register, covering 25 districts and cities under direct central administration- Kiev and Sebastopol. The second most ramified network is the net of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine which is implemented on the computer centres of the district Sanitary and Epidemiological Service (ca. 70 computer centres), which transmits operative in formation on the current sanitary. epidemiological and ecological situation to the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. These nets are integrated in a common net called HealthNet'. A third medical network has been created for the monitoring of oncological patients in Ukraine. This network links the regional Oncological Dispensaries (19 regions ) with the Institute of Oncology in Kiev, on the basis of which the Oncological Register functions. Since 1997, Ukraine is a member of the international EuroTransplant organization. This medical computer network has united regional Centres with the National Informational - Coordination Centre on Transplantation of Organs, Cells and Tissues, which is located in Kiev.


With detailed introduction of relevant design specifications of box culvert,the paper puts forward several methods for calculating box culvert load,analyzes and discusses those calculation methods,and outlines main methods for calculating box culvert load using finite element software and taking SAP2000 as an example.


A case is described of a child with ocular muscular dystrophy, who demonstrated the extreme sensitivity to non‐depolarising muscle relaxants, with luck of reversal by anticholinesterases, characteristic of this condition.


The seed-picking times of American Ginseng has some inftuences on quality and yield of American Ginseng. Two times of seed- picking frim American Ginseng in the third and forth year can reduce 40. 5 percent of yieldsI seed-picking omly once from 3 years or 4 years Ginseng reduce 15. 7 ofr 23.1 percent of yields. As compared with CK, in the seed-picking group,the rates of high, grade Ginseng product reduce 1.5 -5.5 percent,and the dry Ginseng rates reduce 1.2 -1.4 percent ; the total amounts of amino acids in 2 times of seed -picking group and in seed -picking form 3 years Ginseng group reduce 10. 753 and 3. 137 percent.


This paper considers the distributed optimal coordination problem of linear multi-agent systems over general directed graphs. By using the left eigenvector associated with the zero eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix, we propose a new distributed continuous-time control law to ensure all the agent outputs to reach the optimal solution of the global objective function. The exponential convergence of the closed-loop multi-agent system is established when the general directed graph is strongly connected and the local objective functions are strongly convex with locally Lipschitz gradients. Finally, a simulation example is given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.


The epic of the Western Zhou Dynasty records the origin and developing history of the ancesters of the Zhou Dynasty.It is of great value in art.The epic portrays the vivid images of Hou Ji,Gong Liu,Gu Gong,King Wen,King Wu etc.Because of using descriptive writing way,the epic is clearcut in unity and coherence,appropriate in complication and simplification,accurate and ample in vocabulary.It is a true-to-fact work in the earlier literary history.It has great influence on the later literature development.\;


[Objective] To investigate the mental health status of cancer patients and analyze the influence factors for their recovery.[Methods] Totally 1 121 cancer patients were investigated with questionnaires,waiting for radiotherapy/chemotherapy in 4 provincial hospitals in Fuzhou.And mental health status and influence factors of side-effects of the therapy were analyzed by logistic regression.[Results] The prevalence of anxiety and depression was at high level among the patients.The more anxiety and depression,the more side-effects occurred.The main influence factors of anxiety were age,appetite,fear,main nursing people and education level.The main influence factors of depression were appetite,fear,main nursing people,education level and cancer knowledge.The influence factors of side-effects of the therapy were age,gender,appetite,assisting therapies and the stage of cancer.[Conclusions] The patients' mental health status could be improved by health education including cancer knowledge,nutrition and recovery exercise for reducing the fear,improving mental health,appetite and their nutrition.


With the popularization of higher education,the teaching quality management in vocational-technical colleges is related to the goal and the effect of running a college.This paper tries to probe into the scientific and practical characteristics of quality management,the ensuring mechanism of teaching quality,and the reengineering process of teaching management by using the theory of the modern management in accordance with the teaching reality in vocational-technical colleges.


This study examineci the effeas of language hpairrnents (LI) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on a dichotic tistening task. A total sample of 53 children, aged 7 to 1 1 years, participated in the study: 20 met diagnostic criteria for ADHD, 18 met the diagnosis for AD WLI, and 15 normai controls. Ail children were required to distinguish between phonetically similar words and emotionai tones. Repeated measures aoalysis of variance were used to adyze the data. The analyses indicated that children with language impainnents had signifiant difliculties discriminating targets compared to ADHD children and controls, who did not Mer. This data suggests that children with ADHD and concurrent language impairments have difEculty processing the acoustic signal required for the perception of speech and tonal patterns. This difEnilty may result f?om more basic temporal processing deficits which interferes with the resolution of brief shdtaneous presentation of stimuli.


Hearing aids are auxiliary instruments that are used to reduce or minimize the adverse effects of hearing loss. There are many different brands and types of products in the hearing aid market. The testing of performance parameters which show that hearing aids can operate according to the defined standards is of great importance both for hearing aid manufacturers and for patients with hearing problems. In this study, performance tests of an hearing aid used as actively of a person living a hearing loss were performed according to "IEC 60118 Electroacoustics – Hearing Aid" series standards. The performance tests made are explained on the basis of the information in the literature.


A new low‐power 27.07‐GHz voltage controlled oscillator is designed for Ka‐band applications in this article. Body bias technique is used for the low‐power and low‐phase noise VCO design. The VCO can be tuned from 26.35 to 27.102 GHz. The measured phase noise is −106.2 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier frequency. The corresponding figure‐of‐merit (FOM) is calculated to be −183.2 dBc/Hz. The VCO is implemented with the TSMC 0.18 μm one‐poly‐six‐metal 1.5 V mixed signal/RF CMOS technology. The chip size is 0.565 × 0.69 mm2. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2872‐2875, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26433


This paper explores patterns of interpersonal behaviour amongst teachers and pupils during one-to-one instrumental lessons. It was hypothesised that these patterns might differ in systematic ways, according to an existing model of six interaction 'types' developed within a systems theory perspective and based on measures of interpersonal control and responsiveness. Eleven violin teachers and their pupils aged 10–16 were observed. Digital recordings of 23 one-to-one lessons were analysed using the overarching categories of teacher talk, teacher questioning, scaffolding, pupil talk and pupil playing. Behaviour style was found to correspond with the model of interpersonal interaction in instrumental teaching. Highly directive teachers were found to engage most often in scaffolding, while the most responsive teachers allowed space for the pupil voice to be heard and provided more feedback that was attributed to specific strategies or effort. These findings suggest that teachers and pupils may become entrenched in fixed patterns of interaction behaviour that potentially place constraints on teaching and learning outcomes. The implications for practice lie in teachers' awareness and reflections on their own interaction behaviours. Being cognisant of fixed patterns of behaviour, teachers may choose to re-frame their style of interaction, thus effecting positive changes in teaching and learning.


The southern Batam City sea and northern of Lingga District sea are often used by fishing locations and shipping traffic from Batam City to Lingga District. Southern of Batam City sea-northen Lingga District sea have uncertain sea wave conditions that can affect the stability of ship traffic. The purpose of this study is to determine characteristic of sea waves along with wind speed and directions. Characteristic analysis of ocean waves using the SPM (Shore Protection Manual) method from wind direction and speed data in 2018. The height of ocean waves in the northen Batam City sea-southern Lingga District during 2018 is 2.59 meters with periods of 8.47 s up to 0.005 m with a period of 0.39 s. The average wave height in 2018 is 0.69 m with sea wave characteristic patterns still following seasonal wind conditions. The highest sea wave height conditions are in the northern season due to the geographical location of the southern Batam City seasouthern Lingga District sea in the Northern Hemisphere.


In this work, we are going to solve the ED (economic dispatch) problem by the use of an HNN (Hopfield neural networks) model combined with the Lagrange method noted LHNN. In contrary to the techniques that use the linear function of the total inputs to neurons, we are going to use it at the non-linear form that allows the parameters of NN to contain all information of the original problem, so the HNN become able to reach exactly the solutions. At the end, simulations will be presented, with promising results, of a multi-objective economic environmental problem.


A new coded aperture thermal neutron imager system has been developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The cameras use a new type of position-sensitive 3He-filled ionization chamber, in which an anode plane is composed of an array of pads with independent acquisition channels. The charge is collected on each of the individual 5x5 mm2 anode pads, (48x48 in total, corresponding to 24x24 cm2 sensitive area) and read out by application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). The new design has several advantages for coded-aperture imaging applications in the field, compared to the previous generation of wire-grid based neutron detectors. Among these are its rugged design, lighter weight and use of non-flammable stopping gas. The pad-based readout occurs in parallel circuits, making it capable of high count rates, and also suitable to perform data analysis and imaging on an event-by-event basis. The spatial resolution of the detector can be better than the pixel size by using a charge sharing algorithm. In this paper we will report on the development and performance of the new pad-based neutron camera, describe a charge sharing algorithm to achieve sub-pixel spatial resolution and present the first stereoscopic coded aperture images of thermalized neutron sources using the new coded aperture thermal neutron imager system.


Abstract Live body, carcass, and abdominal fat data from 67 male broilers of two strains reared in cages and in pens in two separate experiments were evaluated for use in predicting carcass fat, protein, ash, and water. Chemical component weights were predicted more accurately than percentages, R2 = .75 to .98 vs. .54 to .67. Best predictions were for weights of carcass protein and water and for carcass percentages of fat, protein, and water. In this study, traits predicting chemical component weights included either live broiler or carcass weight, either weight or percentage abdominal fat, and either shank length or carcass specific gravity. Traits predicting chemical component percentages included either weight or percentage of abdominal fat plus carcass specific gravity and percentage back of the carcass. Carcass and abdominal fat measurements predicted weights of chemical components other than ash better than live measurements in this study; however, the differences may not justify the slaughter of the broiler to obtain carcass measurements. Except for ash, abdominal fat measurements predicted component percentages better than other carcass or live broiler measurements; however, additional predictor traits appear to be required before chemical component percentages of the carcass could be predicted accurately. Prediction of percentages was improved, R2 = .35 to .66 vs. .13 to .45 for protein and .29 to .54 vs. .16 to .42 for ash, by expressing these components as percentages of carcass dry matter.


This paper provides a simple technique to modify momentum strategies to yield larger profits. Past long-term returns are used to split the conventional momentum strategy into strong and weak components. Our analysis shows that the early-stage momentum strategy consistently produces larger profits than both the late-stage momentum strategy and the pure momentum strategy. Given the widespread interest in momentum strategies, the early-stage momentum approach should be of interest to both practitioners and researchers.