This article begins by analyzing the notion of people in Goethe, to distinguish it from those of Herder and Fichte. Goethe did not embrace Herder's universalist ecumenism or Fichte's patriotic republicanism. This definition of the people is then connected with Goethe's political activity in the Archduchy of Weimar, whose orientation was enlightened despotism. Later, the evolution of this notion of people is examined in his work, attending mainly to two titles: Egmont and Faust. In the first of these works the key is how the abuses of the powerful can turn the people into rabble. In the project of gaining land from the sea, always unfulfilled, but always stimulating for being unfulfilled, Fausto acquires the experience that makes him want to want to stop time. In short, from his political work, his reflections on the public and the development of his literary work, Goethe drew the conclusion that the most effective antidote to the tragic is precisely a free people in a free land.


Solvent‐dependent variations of geminal coupling constants have been observed in styrene oxide, styrene sulfide, 1,4‐diphenylazetidinone, and 4‐methyl−1,3‐dioxolane. These data, in conjunction with previously reported observations, suggest that Jgem always becomes more negative in the absolute sense in solvents having higher dielectric constants. The reaction field of the solvent seems to be the primary causative factor. The magnitude of the effect is shown to depend on the orientation of the dipole moment of the solute molecule with respect to the H–C–H plane. Qualitative theoretical considerations support the existence of a direct correlation between the observed changes and the absolute sign of Jgem and suggest that the magnitude of the change in Jgem also depends on the relative magnitude of the hyperconjugative contribution to Jgem.


Purpose: To investigate whether different forms of nutritional information displayed on a foodstuff's's front panel packaging affect perceptions of healthiness and purchase intention in Brazilian retail. Method: An online survey with 399 respondents. Each respondent was shown seven distinct scenarios and two products – breakfast cereal and stuffed cookies. Authentic packaging was used, varying only in the presentation form (GDA, Nutrition Claims, Food Group Information System and complete scenario). Originality/Relevance: Affecting studies on consumer food decision-making anchored in 'nutritional marketing' strategies (Colby et al., 2010) in a context where concerns regarding healthy food consumption have grown. Nutritional information on the front panel can improve evaluation of food and beverage nutritional value (Roberto, 2012), enhancing product healthiness. Results: Positively and more consistently adding to the stock of knowledge (complete scenario) regarding perception of the product's healthiness, when compared to an incomplete scenario, leading to a greater purchase intention. Theoretical/methodological contributions: Nutritional claims are better evaluated by consumers, corroborating Williams (2005) and Feunekes et al. (2008), while contributing both to labelling and packaging studies and to the understanding of the food consumption decision making. Social/management contributions: The study ratifies nutritional labelling practices that not only attract consumer attention, but also increase healthiness perceptions and purchase intentions, contributing to the promotion of a healthy product image and increased sales, affecting product and brand management as well as social policies for food consumption.


Background. Aortic arch hypoplasia is a congenital anomaly of the development of the aortic arch characterized by hemodynamically significant narrowing of one or more segments of the aortic arch. Despite the great interest in the problem of aortic arch hypoplasia, there are many contradictions in terms of terminology and classification. It is quite difficult to draw a clear line between normal physiology and pathology to determine in which cases there is a true hypoplasia, so, from a practical standpoint, the fundamental issue is the selection of criteria with reference to which we can talk about clinically and prognostically significant aortic arch hypoplasia. Important and yet controversial are the issues of multi-stage treatment of aortic arch hypoplasia and concomitant congenital heart diseases (CHD), and, in case of the isolated variant of hypoplasia, the choice of surgical approach.
The aim of the study was to discuss different strategies and surgical approaches for patients with aortic arch hypoplasia, with an emphasis on surgical solutions and based on many years of experience, to develop an algorithm for diagnostic and surgical treatment of the aortic arch hypoplasia in infants.
Conclusions. Aortic arch hypoplasia in infants remains a complicated issue in pediatric cardiac surgery. The variety of anatomical forms of isolated aortic arch hypoplasia and common overlap with other CHD raises many questions for the cardiac surgeon. Decisions concerning diagnosis and choice of further treatment tactics made in the neonatal period will affect not only the immediate but also the long-term outcome in the future. The algorithm of diagnostic and patient management with aortic arch hypoplasia allows to make the right timely decision which will affect the outcome of surgical treatment of this complex pathology.


Radiocontrast-induced thyroid dysfunction prevalence has not been assessed accurately. It is greater among patients with pre-existing thyroid disease. Aim of this work to investigate effect of iodinated radiographic contrast media used in coronary angiography on the thyroid function in euthyroid patients. This study was conducted on 85 patients underwent elective coronary angiography. Baseline assessment of Free Thyroxine (FT4) and Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) for the patients and three months later after Coronary Angiography. We observed that there was a statistically significant increase of TSH levels from baseline till 3 months following administration of contrast media (P-value=0.007). However, there was no statistical significant difference of Free T4 level from baseline till 3 (P-value=0.765). The incidence of increased TSH above normal range was 2.4% after 3 months ( 2 subclinical hypothyroidism cases). We noticed that there were no effect of age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, type of contrast, creatinine level or GFR on increased the level of TSH above normal value after 3 months. So, administration of Iodinated Contrast Media (ICM) associated with thyroid dysfunction mainly subclinical hypothyroidism so we should closely monitor patients after receiving ICM especially who have thyroid dysfunction.


In an indoor environment, geolocation signals are subject to much more interference, multi-path fading, and nearfar effect than in outdoors. In this paper a C-CDMA pseudolite indoor geolocation system that operates in an indoor environment is simulated via MATLAB Simulink. The geolocation and communication information is represented via geolocation signals. First, in the transmitter the geolocation information consists of the transmitter position and time assuming that each transmitter is stationary. For each transmitter this information is 4-ary encoded data at a rate of 1 KHz. The encoded geolocation signal is spread using a Kasami sequence which runs at a rate of 1.024 MHz and then the signal is modulated on [10 15 20 25] MHz carrier signals each one of which corresponds to each of the transmitters via a QPSK modulator to resist interference encountered in an indoor environment. A total of 4 transmitters are simulated to enable a geolocation solution for the receiver.


In order of importance for food production in comparison to 20 other major food crops, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) ranks 4th in the world and 3rd in India. It produces high dry matter, minerals, vitamin C & B and carbohydrates per unit area. Besides its significance to human food security, potato is also a crop with fascinating genetic traits and cultural history (Swaminathan, 1999). For improvement in potato crop genetic diversity is required. However due to narrow genetic base in cultivated potato, in India lot of potential yet to be explore. Principal component analysis was done to estimate the variability in germplasm under study. For the principal component analysis each genotype was identified on the basis of correlation matrix as a single point in a standardized multidimensional space. The axes of this space were principal components obtained from the original data as orthogonal transformation of the original variety. In this way each principal component becomes a linear combination of the varietal scores corresponding to the original variables.


The service area of a cellular network is divided into cells. Users are connected to base stations in the cells via radio links. Channel frequencies are reused in cells that are sufficiently separated in distance so that mutual interference is below tolerable levels. When a new call is originated in a cell, one of the channels assigned to the base station of the cell is used for communication between the mobile user and the base station (if any channel is available for the call). If all the channels assigned to this base station are in use, the call attempt is assumed to be blocked and cleared from the system (blocked calls cleared). When a new call gets a channel, it keeps the channel until either the call is completed inside the cell or the mobile station (user) moves out of the cell. When the call is completed, the channel is released and becomes available to serve another call.


This paper presents the investigation carried out on electrical near-field enhancement of a perturbation slit of a rectangular radiating nanostructure. The operating frequency is defined at thermal radiation spectrum from 20 THz to 40 THz. Single and two identical perturbation slits are introduced at the center of the nano structure. It was found that the former is able to enhance the near-field distribution to 120 times while the latter is approximately 80 times. In addition, the splitting of the near-field amplitude resembles that of an energy divider.


An optimal allocation of production resources in a flexible assembly line is considered along with selection of assembly sequences for a mix of product types. The problem objective is to balance station workloads and station-to-station product movements. A two-level approach is proposed in which feasible assembly sequences are generated at the, upper level and optimal sequences along with operation assignments are determined at the lower level. A multistage heuristics is proposed for solving the upper level problem and a tabu search heuristic is developed for the lower level problem. A simple numerical example is included to illustrate the approach proposed and results of computational experiments with the tabu search heuristic are reported.


A client on the earth surface wants to know his/her geographical location. The Global Positioning System (GPS) was built to fulfill this task. It works as follows: Satellites send to earth their location. For simplicity, the Figure 1: Satellites communicate location in GPS. location of a satellite is a bit b ∈ {±1}. The satellite transmits to the earth a sequence of N ≥ 1000 complex numbers S[0], S[1], ..., S[N − 1] multiplied by its location b. The client receives the sequence R of the form R[n] = b · α0 · e 2πi N ω0·n · S[n+ τ0] +W[n], (0.1) where α0 ∈ C is the complex amplitude, with |α0| ≤ 1, ω0 ∈ ZN encodes the radial velocity of the satellite with respect to the client, τ0 ∈ ZN encodes the distance between the satellite and the client, and W is a random white noise. The GPS Problem is: Problem 0.1 (GPS Problem) Design S, and an effective method of extracting (b, τ0) from S and R satisfying (0.1). A client can compute his/her location by knowing the locations of at least three satellites and distances to them. The current sequences S which are used are pseudo-random and the algorithm they support takes O(N logN) arithmetic operations. In my lecture I will explain our recent group representation construction of sequences S that allow us to introduce a much faster algorithm called the "Flag Method". It solves the GPS Problem in O(N logN) operations. This is a joint work with A. Fish (Mathematics, Sydney), R. Hadani (Mathematics, Austin), A. Sayeed (Electrical and Computer Engineering, Madison), and O. Schwartz (Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Berkeley).


Public policies are related to what and how to make from the State and its study is conceived of as a methodology of social research, applied to the analysis of the concrete activity of public authorities. The suppression and liquidation of TELECOM and the creation of the new company, COLTEL, as a limited company, can be considered as the first stage of the public policy of privatization of the most important Colombian telecommunications company, on the part of the government of Alvaro Uribe. The «Understanding Memorandum» Telmex-TELECOM constituted the beginning of the second stage of its implementation, which goes on with a public offer, called «Cuarto de datos» («Room of Data»).


Edward E. Mitchelson of Niagara Falls, Ont., was active in local politics, serving at different times as councilor and Reeve of Stamford Township, as well as alderman for the City of Niagara Falls and councillor for the Niagara Region. He held the position of secretary/treasurer at Brock University from its earliest beginnings in 1962 until retiring in 1974. Prior to that, Mr. Mitchelson was head of the agriculture department of Stamford Collegiate Vocational Institute. In 1976, he served as a member of the Commission on Property Tax Reform in Ontario [aka The Blair Commission].

The fonds consists of two series. Series I. Brock University administrative records, 1963-1971, 1983 contains the working documents of Edward Mitchelson in his capacity as secretary/treasurer. They include meeting minutes, reports, briefs, clippings and photographs from the earliest history of the inception of Brock University. The second series, Commission on Property Tax Reform in Ontario, 1976-1978 contains the documents created by Mitchelson and his fellow commission members during interviews and meetings across Ontario.


The scope of our study was to prepare Fe-based highly active catalysts for water treatment processes. The reactive nanomaterials were
synthesized by chemical precipitation; the post-synthesis coating of the as obtained nanostructures was achieved by capping the magnetic cores with a
polymeric surfactant, polyethylene glycol (PEG). The resulted Fe3O4/PEG nanoparticles were further used to immobilize two types of reactive materials on
their surface, either ferrous oxalate (FO) or ferric citrate (FC), yielding the final products – two green Fenton-like heterogeneous nanocatalysts. The
sensitized catalysts were characterized by several microstructure characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample
magnetometry, BET, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). All experiments were performed on a
laboratory scale set-up. Important variables such as effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration, UV light, the amount of catalyst and contact time for the
catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWHPO) of BPA were examined. The results indicate that the oxidation rate increased under UV light in the presence of
low-concentration H2O2.


This is the final report for the project 'Correlations in Confined Quantum Plasmas', NSF-DOE Partnership Grant DE FG02 07ER54946, 8/1/2007 - 7/30/2010. The research was performed in collaboration with a group at Christian Albrechts University (CAU), Kiel, Germany. That collaboration, almost 15 years old, was formalized during the past four years under this NSF-DOE Partnership Grant to support graduate students at the two institutions and to facilitate frequent exchange visits. The research was focused on exploring the frontiers of charged particle physics evolving from new experimental access to unusual states associated with confinement. Particular attention was paid to combined effects of quantum mechanics and confinement. A suite of analytical and numerical tools tailored to the specific inquiry has been developed and employed


The research paper investigates the correlation between Gross Domestic Product, total declared and paid wages by Macedonian real economy and the level of nonperforming retail loans in the Republic of Macedonia in the period of the last quartile of 2010 till to first quartile of 2012 The examination of the feedback effect broadly confirms the strong correlation between real economy and nominal economy. From the analysis carried out, it was found that the level of NPLS in retail banking is directly attributed by ups and downs within the business cycle. Moreover, the research paper indicates that NPLs in retail loans responds to volatility in real economy, where increase or NPLs is perfectly negatively correlated to economic growth rate. Correlation analysis with SPSS 17.0 was used to administrate this research study.


Hobart's Museum of Old and New Art which redefines the genre is discussed. The museum ordered on pedagogical principles set the standards that continue to be followed by other museums all over the world.


The safety of various magnetically levitated (maglev) trains under development for possible implementation in the United States is of direct concern to the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). This report is the second in a series of reports addressing the safety of high-speed maglev trains and presents the results of the review to determine the suitability of German safety requirements for application to maglev systems as proposed for U.S. operations. The intent of the review was to compare the German and U.S. safety requirements in order to assist the FRA in determining what regulations and guidelines may be necessary to ensure a high level of safety for U.S. passenger service. The review focuses on the "High-Speed Maglev Trains Safety Requirements; Regelwerk Magnetschnellbahnen -- Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen" (RW MSB), which was developed by a German working group of representatives of the German Federal Railways (DB), the Testing and Planning Company for Maglev Systems (MVP), the Institute for Railway Technology (IFB), and safety experts of TUV Rheinland and TUV Hannover, headed by TUV Rheinland, and sponsored by the German Federal Ministry for Research and Technology. The German safety requirements were reviewed in terms of safety related functional areas of the following seven maglev system elements: vehicles; guideway; passenger stations; signal, control, and communications (SCC); plans and procedures; personnel; and operating environment. Potential safety concerns for each of the maglev system functional areas were identified. The German safety requirements and the applicable U.S. safety requirements are described and then compared to determine their applicability to proposed U.S. maglev system operations. Recommendations are also included for FRA consideration. In general, the German effort appears to ensure the same high level of safety for maglev trains that is expected in the United States for similar ground transportation technologies. The challenge lies in transferring the experience of Germany to the U.S. regulatory environment.


In his Sphotasiddhi (SS), Mandanamisra mainly deals with word-sphota (padasphota) technically, and refers to sentence (vakya) for only a few times. In his another book Brahmasiddhi (BS), though he never refers to Brahman in SS, he declares that speech has metaphysical aspect, in other words, the correspondence with Brahman, by saying that Brahman is of nature of language (sabdatman)1'. In SS, v. 36, however, he insists, `Let them understand the other [higher] non-divided (aparam abhedam),2'. It suggests that' Mandanamisra intend to mean something beyond word in SS that deals mainly with word-sphota. About the meaning of the term abheda, Paramesvara 1, in his commentary on SS named Gopalika (G), shows two alternatives: sentence and aksara3'. The word aksara is used in BS. v.1 as an apposition of Prajapati4'. Referring to v.316, K.A.S. lyer says `G has no doubt whatsoever that this refers to Vakyasphota.' 5) On the other hand, M. Biardeau adopts the variant refereed to in G and interprets abheda as aksaras'. As for the former alternative, because Mandanamisra mainly talks about word in SS and does not explain how the meaning of sentenceis recognized, he would suggest, by using the expression aparam abhedam, that the mechanism of redognizing sentence would be explained fully somewhere else. Paramesvara II says, `It should not be asked why not it is applied to word-sphota after accomplishing sentencesphota, because sentence depends on word.'" By this, he intends to interpret the term apara `above word-sphota there should be sentencesphota.' But Mandanamisra by himself declares that either sentence or word cannot be divided into parts for pro-sphota scholars", so that we can


Tourism is widely regarded as one of the largest and fastest growing industries on the world. However, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on international visitor arrivals and receipts for countries worldwide. Recognizing the need for tourism destinations to develop entirely new marketing strategies in the post-COVID-19 era, the establishment of travel brands for tourism destinations is critical to facilitating more effective marketing campaigns. As a result, social media marketing has been recognized as a viable marketing technique for promoting products, services, and information via social networking sites (SNSs). This is perhaps the first study to use the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model to examine how SMMA affect tourism destination marketing and, subsequently, revisit intention for rural tourism destinations in Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 239 valid questionnaires were used to assess the fitness of the measurement (inner) and structural (outer) models. Interestingly, the empirical findings indicate that SMMA (i.e., entertainment, interaction, trendiness, customization, and word-of-mouth) all contribute significantly to the success of rural tourism destination marketing efforts. Additionally, it was discovered that a well-developed tourism destination marketing strategy is critical for increasing tourists' intention to revisit, particularly to rural tourism destinations in Sarawak.


— This study applies the inverse method and three-dimensional CFD commercial software in conjunction with the experimental temperature data to investigate the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of the plate-fin heat sink in a closed rectangular enclosure for various values of fin height. The inverse method with the finite difference method and the experimental temperature data is applied to determine the heat transfer coefficient. The k-ε turbulence model is used to obtain the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics within the fins. To validate the accuracy of the results obtained, the comparison of the average heat transfer coefficient is made. The calculated temperature at selected measurement locations on the plate-fin is also compared with experimental data.


This study examines the impact of literacy rate and innovations on environmental pollution in China from 1990 to 2021. We applied the Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag method for the analysis, and our findings suggest that an increase in literacy rate leads to short- and long-term innovations. At the same time, literacy has a positive effect in 1st to 4th quantile in the long run. Furthermore, innovation has a positive effect on environmental pollution. However, in the short run, the literacy rate has negative implications for environmental pollution. These findings imply that education is essential to increase innovation in the economy. Besides, the literacy rate increases the standard of living, and thus, it is recommended that government should adopt environmental protection laws to reduce environmental pollution along with literacy increase. Additionally, China has achieved significant economic growth in the last few decades. To ensure sustainable economic growth government should introduce a carbon tax to minimize production externalities such as environmental pollution.


The use of Wireless Sensor Networks (RCSF) in most domains is growing. These RCSF are used for urveillance in environments considered at risk or not accessible.The goal of this memory work is the design of a wireless network for the predictive maintenance of machines. Our RCSF consists of ESP32 nodes.Vibration analysis is a fundamental defects detection technique for predictive machine maintenance. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm is programmed to calculate the discrete Fourier transform. The results obtained will be used for monitoring and diagnosing defects in the machines. The transmission of data in the network, in JSON notation, is done in real time using task management


The invention relates to a method and a device for operating a brake device in motor vehicles in which both a service brake and a parking brake are present and operated according to the preamble of claim 1 and 7. DOLLAR A Here, in order an involvement of the driver, and a prevention of hazardous situations to achieve, the invention proposes that is triggered by the time of a completed introduced via the service brake holding operation at the expiry of a delay time deltaT an acoustic signal, when the holding state is held exclusively by the service brake.


This paper studies the enhanced efficiency of the field strength coupled into slots by using the finite difference time domain method. The coupled field strength with the different slots shape, size, and polarization direction is assisted, some useful rules are concluded. The easiest to form enhanced efficiency of field strength is rectangular slots, square slots are the second, and the most difficult slots are round. For aspect ratios (long side/short side) of the rectangular slots, the bigger the more easily to form enhanced efficiency. When the polarization direction is perpendicular to the short side of rectangular slots, it is harder to form slots enhanced efficiency. This paper provides a practical method to research enhanced efficiency, it also provides theory basis for the slot shape selection, slot size design, and the polarization direction selection to improve the efficiency of the shield.


Urban green infrastructure (UGI) has the potential to address a wide range of challenges associated with rapidly growing cities in a changing climate, while also providing multiple environmental, economic and social benefits. However, the location of projects is often determined according to a single potential benefit rather than a set of benefits. Furthermore, while UGI is recognized as a successful strategy to support resilience in many cities around the world, it has not been implemented in Uruguay. This study develops a model to identify priority areas in need of green infrastructure in Montevideo, Uruguay. The GIS-based model, termed the "Green Infrastructure Suitability Model" (GISM) is based on a multi-criteria decision analysis approach and is similar in structure to land suitability analysis. The model considers a range of socioeconomic, biophysical and environmental factors to prioritize the need for UGI across the case-study region. Resulting suitability maps identify areas for multifunctional UGI localization in places where benefits can be maximized. The GISM has potential as a tool to support future planning for multifunctional UGI.


If the metaverse is to become a visual reality, precision robotics-based measurement systems will play a crucial role in the testing of optical waveguide technology in metaverse devices.


A particle dynamic simulation is useful to estimate powder characteristics and to understand the particle behavior under compaction. As a model particle a circular and a spherical particle are used in calculation. However, a shape of real particle is not circular or spherical. To estimate the powder characteristics quantitatively by particle dynamic simulation, it is of great importance that the particle is modeled as non-circular and spherical shape. In this study, we modeled the ferromagnetic ellipsoidal particle using four arcs. We show how to define the particle using arcs and how the ellipsoidal particle is magnetized in the magnetic field. We simulated how the easy axis of the particle is aligned under isostatic compaction. Thus we make clear the behavior of noncircular particle under compaction in the magnetic field.


Pitch frequency is one of the most important voice characteristics, and its accurate extraction is important not only in speech analysis and synthesis, but also in speech coding, speech recognition, speaker recognition, and the like. Existing methods of improving extraction accuracy include waveform processing, correlative processing, and spectral processing. This paper describes the use of a neural network to extract pitch from voice features delivered from the bandpass filter pairs (BPFPs) proposed by Fonda et al. Three types of multi-layered neural networks able to learn time-continuity and high accuracy discrimination functions and have a recurrent structure are tested. The cross-coupling multi-layered neural network with feedback architecture gives the best improvement over conventional neural networks, and exhibits superior ability for learning time continuity of pitch and U/V information. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 80(9): 48–58, 1997


In this paper, we prove the following statements: (1) There exist a Tychonoff space X and a subspace Y of X such that Y is strongly star-Lindelöf in X and e(Y, X) is arbitrarily large, but X is not star-Lindelöf. (2) There exist a Tychonoff space X and a subspace Y of X such that Y is star-Lindelöf in X, but Y is not strongly star-Lindelöf in X.


The analogy between General Relativity and monopole physics is pointed out and the presence of a 3-cocycle which corresponds to a source leads to discretization of field momentum. This is analogous to the same phenomena in monopole physics.


The method of optimal geometric synthesis of four-bar cylindrical gear with related gears with one external and one internal gearing is proposed. The method is based on a new calculation system that increases the number of synthesis output parameters to six, which makes it possible to considerably expand the domain of existence of the synthesis problem solution with the simultaneous synthesis of two gearing. The software implementing the proposed technique is described. To solve the problem of nonlinear mathematical programming the library of Optimization Toolbox functions included in Matlab is used. Examples of calculations are given.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: To report the use of common femoral vein Doppler interrogation as a simple technique to diagnose right ventricular dysfunction. Design: Case report. Setting: Cardiac surgical ICU. Patients: Postoperative cardiac surgical patients. Interventions: Common femoral pulsed-wave and color Doppler examination associated with hepatic, portal, and renal venous Doppler measurement were obtained in both patients and before and after treatment in patient number 1. In addition, right ventricular pressure waveform examination was obtained in patient number 2. Measurements and Main Results: The technique to obtain common femoral venous Doppler is described. Two cases of patients presenting with right ventricular dysfunction and fluid overload with portal and renal venous congestion in the perioperative period undergoing complex multivalvular cardiac surgery are presented. Hemodynamic waveform monitoring was performed alongside echocardiographic, hepatic, and renal venous flow Doppler assessment, and spectral Doppler profiles of the common femoral veins were examined. Those findings were useful in confirming our diagnosis and guiding our response to treatment. An algorithm was developed and tested on two additional hemodynamically unstable patients. Conclusions: Doppler examination of the common femoral vein is a simple, fast, and noninvasive technique that could be useful to rule in the presence of right ventricular dysfunction with venous congestion and help guide the management of such patients.


The present study was conducted to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects of Dalbergia latifoia. The hexane, ethylacetate and ethanolic extract of Dalbergia latifoia were tested for their invitro anticholinesterase inhibitory effect by spectrophotometeric and by TLC bioassay method.The result revealed that ethanolic extract of Dalbergia latifoia showed better anticholinesterase inhibition compared to other extracts. The most active one was found to be ethanolic extract of Dalbergia latifoia having IC50 value at 81±1.56 µg/ml. Hexane extract of Dalbergia latifoia has not shown any anticholinesterase inhibitory effect. Ethylacetate extract of Dalbergia latifoia was found to have IC50 value at 625±2.65 µg/ml. TLC bioassay is an easier and rapid means for detection of enzyme inhibition. The hexane, ethylacetate and ethanolic extract of Dalbergia latifoia were tested for their anticholinesterase inhibition by TLC bioassay TLC bioassay is an easier and rapid means for detection of enzyme inhibition. The active spots appearedas white spots on yellow background. Ethanolic extract of Dalbergia latifoia showed more than one active spots compared to other extracts. The TLC assay also demonstrated AchE inhibitory activity for ethanolic extract of Dalbergia latifoia. Keywords: Dalbergia latifoia, acetylcholinesterase, Alzheimer's disease, TLC bioautography


The subject of electrets and their theoretical justification is, at best, confused. First, to review briefly the history of the subject, the name "electret" was devised as an electrical analogue to "magnet". As the name implies an electret is an object having associated with it an apparently permanent electric field. This must be clearly distinguished from a battery which can continuously supply current. A stable electret cannot supply current. The field can be observed by a simple experiment using an electrometer in which one electrode is connected to one side of the electret and the other electrode is brought up to the other side of the electret. The work performed in bringing the electrode up to the side of the electret, passing through the field gradient results in the accumulation of charge in the electrometer. In actual practice, a capacitor is placed across the electrometer to accumulate the charge and a voltage is thereby observed.


Twenty diploid clones of Citrus species and hybrids and one diploid clone of Fortunella were treated with colchicine to develop polyploids for use in breeding experiments. Details on the techniques used for plant preparation, colchicine treatment, identification and isolation of polyploid tissue, and the microtechnique used to identify the cytochimeras produced are described. Diagnostic features found to be useful in macroscopic screening were sectorially patterned leaves, leaf color changes, petiole blade shape, thickened leaf venation, comparative size differences in oil glands and stomates, leaf blade thickness, and leaf shape. Eight types of cytochimeras were identified from cytological examination of colchicine-affected material. Data are given for cultivars polyploidized by colchicine, type of histogenic layer change isolated per clone, frequency of isolations per clone, and certain leaf measurements and relationships. Data are also presented for the number and frequency of layer changes and distribution and frequency of types of cytochimeras in polyembryonic and monoembryonic clones. Results demonstrate that in the induction and expression of polyploidy, a differential response to colchicine exists in the genetic constitution of clones, in the individual histogenic layers, and in the presence or absence of adventitious embryony The frequency of cytological types and layer associations is discussed in relation to possible modes of origin. Aspects of layer association and origin in relation to intraclonal variation and citrus breeding are discussed Some potential uses of citrus cytochimeras are mentioned.


Abstract In order to prepare full-cured resin by room temperature curing, the effect of the peak exotherm temperature on the degree of cure was investigated by using three types of unsaturated polyester resins including bisphenol-type, iso-type, and G-type resins. The degree of cure was examined by Barcol hardness, the conversion of styrene, and the conversion of fumarate double bond. In the resin cured with the methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP)/cobalt naphthenate (Co-naph)/dimethyl aniline (DMA) system or the MEKP/Co-naph system at 25°C, the degree of cure was influenced by the peak exotherm temperature, and there was an optimum region that ranged from 90 to 160°C. The resins cured at the lower peak exotherm temperature have decreased degrees of cure, but they could be cured completely by postcure at 100°C for 2 hr, because a sufficient amount of peroxide had remained unreacted in the resin after the room temperature cure. The degree of cure of the resin cured at the higher peak exotherm temperature de...


1. stimulating deep brain system comprising! a) elongated along the axis of the body (102-502) probe; ! b) at least three stimulating electrode (101-501), which are distributed along the body axis (102-502) of the probe, the diameter 2r stimulating electrodes (101-501) is equal to or greater than their length along the axis h: 2r≥h; ! c) a controller (11) for selectively generating configurations of electrical potentials that differ from each other so that they are offset axially with respect to stimulating electrodes, where the system contains the same electric potential application to the group of n stimulating electrodes, wherein n is less than the total number of stimulus electrodes and wherein said n electrodes are adjacent to each other. ! 2. The system of claim 1,! characterized in that the diameter 2r stimulating electrodes (101-501), at least twice their length axis, 2r≥2h, preferably at least four times their length by, 2r≥4h axis. ! 3. The system of claim 1,! characterized in that at least two neighboring stimulating electrodes (101-501) have a distance between them d, which is smaller than the length h of the electrodes on the axis, respectively d≤h, preferably d≤0,5 · h. ! 4. The system of claim 1,! wherein the stimulating electrodes (101-501) are distributed along the axial field H at a length which is at least equal to the diameter 2r stimulating electrodes (101-501) and / or which is at least ten times the length by axis electrode h: H≥10 · h. ! 5. The system of claim 1,! wherein the controller (11) comprises a single pulse generator. ! 6. The system of claim 1,! characterized in that it comprises


A new frequency-assignment plan for broadcasting in the long and medium wavebands will be implemented in 1978. An international conference met in January 1977 to prepare a plan for satellite broadcasting direct to the home, and in 1979 there is to be another conference to review all uses of the radio-frequency spectrum. Meanwhile, the technology is developing rapidly. How best can the broadcaster take advantage of these factors to improve his services to the public?


Prevention of unwanted post-treatment changes remains one of the biggest challenges in orthodontics. Retention using removable appliance is important, which can alter the oral hygiene and oral microbial flora, overall increase in the Streptococcus mutans can lead to caries formation which can lead to a missing tooth that can spoil the overall appearance of the patient. 24 post orthodontic subjects were divided in to two groups and group I was given Essix retainer and Group II was given Hawleys Retainer, Supra gingival plaque collected and bacterial colony count done using digital colony counter OHI-S and PI are recorded at T0 (start of treatment) T1 (30 days) T2 (60 days). Essix group has a significant increase in the streptococcus mutans count OHI-S and PI scores are higher for hawleys retainer group. This study advocates the use of a better appliance which along with aesthetics can also ensure better oral hygiene Care should be taken to provide detailed hygiene instructions for both appliance and teeth.


Purpose Lung cancers bearing oncogenic EML4-ALK fusions respond to targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs; e.g. alectinib), with variation in the degree of shrinkage and duration of treatment (DOT). We previously demonstrated a positive association of a TKI-induced interferon gamma (IFNγ) transcriptional response with DOT in EGFR-mutant lung cancers. Herein, we used murine models of EML4-ALK lung cancer to test a role for host immunity in the therapeutic response to alectinib. Experimental Design Three murine EML4-ALK cell lines (EA1, EA2, EA3) were implanted orthotopically into the lungs of immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice and treated with alectinib. Tumor volumes were serially measured by μCT. Immune cell content was measured by flow cytometry, multispectral immunofluorescence and CyTOF. Transcriptional responses to alectinib were assessed by RNAseq and secreted chemokines were measured by ELISA. Results All cell lines were sensitive to alectinib in vitro. EA1 and EA3 tumors retained residual disease that rapidly progressed upon termination of treatment while EA2 tumors were eliminated by TKI treatment. Alectinib induced inflammatory transcriptional programs and multiple chemokines in all cell lines while untreated tumors exhibited distinct baseline chemokine expression patterns and content of CD8+ T cells and myeloid subsets. When propagated in immune-deficient mice, all three cell line-derived lung tumor models exhibited significant shrinkage followed by prompt progression despite continuous alectinib treatment. Conclusions The findings support an hypothesis that host and TKI-stimulated production of chemokines by tumor cells promotes functional engagement of adaptive immune cells within the tumor microenvironment that enhances the durability and depth of TKI response. Statement of Translational Relevance Patients with metastatic lung cancer harboring ALK fusions are treated with targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in the first line setting. Despite bearing the same driver oncogene, patients experience a range of tumor burden reduction and variable amounts of residual disease. Residual disease burden associates with patient survival and contributes to the emergence of drug resistance yielding treatment failure. The factors mediating this differential response to TKI and residual disease are incompletely understood. Our group has developed a panel of murine ALK driven lung cancer cell lines that reproducibly show differences in the depth and duration of response when implanted into immunocompetent mice. Data using this model indicate that the presence of CD8+ T cells is a major contributor to the depth and duration of response. These models will be critical in developing rational combination therapies to augment the immune microenvironment engagement along with TKIs to improve outcomes for these patients.


In this paper we present an unconditionally stable time-domain discretisation of Maxwell's equations where the discretized fields are collocated. This allows us to combine Maxwell's equations, which are usually discretized on a staggered grid, with constitutive differential equations which may not be well-suited for staggered grids. This approach guarantees that the numerical dispersion relation always closely mimics the exact one.


Components of steel/rubber hybrid parts used as vibration dampers are fixed to each other by vulcanization. The technical reliability of vibration dampers thus constructed is determined by physical and chemical processes at the rubber/steel interface. Bond zone strength highly depends on surface preparation. This work studied the impact of the characteristic microtopography of steel surfaces on the strength of bonds established by vulcanization. Steel surfaces were modified in function of spraying time while applying spraying by EKF 24 quality corundum and GN 50 steel shot (by industrial procedure). Correlations were shown between the tensile strength of the bond layer and indices to characterize the surface based on 2D and 3D microtopography measurements. Among 3D surface topography parameters, the values of Sv (distance between the lowest point of the surface and the median plane) correlate with tensile strength changes. In the bond zone of parts of optimal strength, electronmicroscopic tests were conducted to describe steelwork surfaces in contact with rubber and characteristic X-ray emission measurements were performed to track material structure changes in the surroundings of the boundary layer. Based on 1D and 2D lateral element maps, sulphur and chlorine were shown to be considerably concentrated near the boundary layer. On the basis of lateral element maps it was concluded that no harmful material composition modifications were produced in the rubber/steel


Cellulase enzymes attract a lot of research due to their industrial application. Diverse cellulase-producing organisms and substances that induce cellulase are highly sought after. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different inducer sources on cellulase production by white rot fungi P. ostreatus CGMCC 3.7292 and P. chrysosporium CGMCC 3.7212 under submerged fermentation employing a completely randomized experimental design. The different inducer sources tested were nitrogen (yeast, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, aqueous ammonia and urea), carbon (malt extract, glucose, fructose, carboxymethylcellulose, starch and xylose) and agro-biomass (stevia straw, wheat straw, oat straw, alfalfa straw, corn cobs and corn stover). These inducer sources strongly impacted enzyme activities by P. ostreatus CGMCC 3.7292 and P. chrysosporium CGMCC 3.7212. The suitable nitrogen and carbon inducer sources for cellulase activity by P. ostreatus and P. chrysosporium were yeast (1.354 U/mL and 1.154 U/mL) and carboxymethylcellulose (0.976 U/mL and 0.776 U/mL) while the suitable agro-biomass were wheat straw (6.880 U/mL) and corn stover (6.525 U/mL), respectively. The least inducer sources in terms of nitrogen, carbon and agro-biomass for cellulase activity by P. ostreatus and P. chrysosporium were urea (0.213 U/mL and 0.081 U/mL), glucose (0.042 U/mL and 0.035), xylose (0.042 U/mL and 0.035 U/mL) and stevia straw (1.555 U/mL and 0.960 U/mL). In submerged fermentation, the cellulase enzyme activity of P. ostreatus in response to various inducer sources was relatively higher than P. chrysosporium.


In this paper several fiber current differential protections of Shanxi power Grid are analyzed from property characteristics?sample synchronization?brake characteristic,and noticable problems in use are proposed.


Based on 4×4 and 8×8 optical switches and static wavelength converters in a novel optical switch matrix,a large capacity intelligent all-optical wavelength cross and converter connect(OWXC) is proposed.It can realize a low crosstalk and low delay zero-blocking probability for a link setup which can reduce cost to 30%.In the intelligent control software,a very simple control frame for control information transportation is proposed along with an optical link setup method by using three kinds of resource lock threshold to realize a classification of service(CoS) of link establishment.The experiment shows that the time from a link blocking to establishing is 22 ms.And it can realize automatic,self-automatic and human modes three link establishment methods.The whole cross capacity is 960 Gb/s with three fibers and 24 wavelengths and zero-blocking probability which is very useful for automatic switching optical network(ASON).


This paper introduces a applied blueprint management system of substation, and it tells the details of design the system and technology of writing code. This system have the characteristic of perfect function, expediently using and more practica-bility.


Although many salts denature proteins (e.g. guanidine hydrochloride and guanidine thiocyanate) or stabilize them (e.g. guanidine sulfate), not much is known about salt-protein interactions at the molecular level. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and molecular modeling, the interaction of guanidinium salts with homopolypeptides was investigated. Evidence is presented in this thesis that these salts interact with the polypeptide side chains and not with the backbone and a model of this interaction is proposed. The temperature-dependent unfolding of horseradish peroxidase (HRPC) in the ferric and ferrous states is monitored through FTIR, two dimensional-FTIR (2D-FTIR), circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopies. Reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) in HRPC results in the appearance of high intensity aggregation bands (1616cm -1 and 1684cm -1 ), which disappear at higher temperatures. High-resolution 2D-FTIR spectroscopy shows aggregation bands in ferric HRPC not previously observed by 1D-FTIR spectroscopy. The unfolding sequence of HRPC in both states is described and a mechanism underlying the reversible aggregation phenomena is proposed. This illustrates the usefulness of combining spectroscopy and molecular modeling in gaining molecular level information.


733Background: A phase 1b/2 clinical trial indicated that len/pembro shows promise in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in both PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-naive and pretr...


Objective:To explore the effect of multi-electrode radio frequency thermal ablation under the guidance of ultrasonography on the hepatic metastasis under gastroenteric tumor.Methods:18 cases of the secondary hepatic carcinoma under gastroenteric tumor were undergone multi-electrode radio frequency thermal ablation under the guidance of ultrasonography.The imaging and size of tumor,and survival conditions were observed before and after the ablation.Results:Tumor areas were turned into spotty uneven echo from equal,hyper imaging in pretreatment after the multi-electrode radio frequency thermal ablation.The tumor size in 17cases decreased more than 30%,the effective rate of therapy was 94.4%.The main complication were the hepatic zones pain and fever(100%),hepatic function abnormity(77.7%),stress ulcer(11.1%),pleural effussion(11.1%) and biliary fistula(5.5%).All of the patients were followed up,have none death in recent operation,2 cases have died of general metastasis and pulmonary metastasis in 2 months after operation,the other surviving more than 6 months,the longest is 4 years.Conclution:Multi-electrode radio frequency therrmal ablation under the guidance of ultrasonography is a effective way for the treatment of the hepatic metastasis under gastroenteric tumor.


Objective To study the effects of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α(MIP-1α) and expression of CD86 and explore the mechanism of "Pingchuan Decoction" on bronchial asthma. Methods To establish the model of asthmatic mice, the BALB/C mice were sensitized by intra-abdominal injection of mixed ovalbumin, and then activated by inhaling ovalbumin. One hundred and fifty BALB/C mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, normal-dosage "Pingchuan Decoction" group, low-dosage "Pingchuan Decoction" group and Dexamethasone group. In the experiment, the level of MIP-1α in blood and BALF were measured by ABC-ELISA; direct immunfluorescence flow cytometry was used to detect CD86+ cell, CD3-CD86+ cell percentage in blood and BALF; general histological changes of lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin stained sections on the 7th day, 14th day and 21st day. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of MIP-1α, the CD86+cell, CD3-CD86+ cell percentage in blood and BALF were raised significantly(P0.01); CD86+cell percentage in blood and BALF of any treatment group were significantly lower in the model group(P0.01). The levels of MIP-1α, the CD86+cell, the CD3-CD86+ cell percentage in blood and BALF were of no difference between any two treatment groups(P0.05). As compared with the control group, the levels of MIP-1α and CD3-CD86+ cell percentage in blood and BALF were decreased significantly(P0.01); the CD3-CD86+ cell percentage in blood was significantly lower than the model group(P0.01) on the 7th day. The CD3-CD86+ cell percentage in blood and BALF of every treatment group was lower than the model group(P0.01). The levels of MIP-1α in blood and BALF of normal-dosage "Pingchuan Decoction" group and Dexamethasone group were lower than the model group(P0.01) on the 14th day. The levels of MIP-1α and the CD3-CD86+ cell percentage in blood and BALF of every treatment group were lower than the model group(P0.01) on the 21st day. In airway remodeling experiment, compared with the control group, the levels of MIP-1α, the CD86+cell, CD3-CD86+ cell percentage in blood and BALF and the levels of IgE in serum and BALF were raised significantly(P0.01). The level of MIP-1α, the CD86+ cell, the CD3-CD86+ cell percentage in blood and BALF, the level of MIP-1α in serum and BALF were of no difference between any two treatment groups(P0.05). The collagen deposition was increased in model group, decreased in every treatment group compared with the model group. Conclusion The model mice sensitized by intra-abdominal injection of mixed ovalbumin and activated by inhaling ovalbumin had higher level of MIP-1α and the expression of CD86. "Pingchuan Decoction" can decrease the level of MIP-1α and the expression of CD86, improve chronic airway inflammation and inhibit the airway remodeling.


Introduction: An exact impression of dental and dentoalveolar structures is a significant and fundamental prerequisite for the exact fixture of the prosthesis. The advancement of the prosthesis with respect to fit, accuracy, and long life are dependent upon the impression materials, the strategies utilized, and the duration of time of pouring the impression.
Aim: Compare and Evaluate the Dimensional Accuracy of One-Step versus Two-Step Putty Wash Impression Techniques Using Two Different Commercially Available Addition Silicone Elastomeric Impression Materials.
Methodology: Impressions were made of a metal die having reference lines on it, by one-step wash impression technique and two-step impression technique. After making the impression, impression was allowed to set for 1 hour and then poured in Zhermack die stone. Die stone was allowed to set. Stone dies were obtained from each group. Metal die and stone dies from each group were assessed under stereo microscope 10x zoom using reference lines.
Results: When compared to a one-step putty wash impression approach, a two-step putty wash impression process was more reliable. Comparing Virtual (Ivoclar Vivadent, USA) addition polyvinyl siloxane impression material to Aquasil (Dentsply, Germany), it was discovered that it was more accurate. Based on the findings, it has been determined that Ivoclar Vivadent Virtual addition silicone is more precise than Zhermack Aquasil addition silicone and that two-step putty wash impression method is more accurate than one-step putty wash impression method.
Conclusion: Inside impediments of this study the following outcomes were drawn that two-stage clay wash impression method is more precise when contrasted with one stage clay wash impression strategy with a spacer of 1 mm for light body consistency expansion polyvinyl siloxane impression material. And The Ivoclar Vivadent Virtual expansion polyvinyl impression material showed more exactness when contrasted with Zhermack Aquasil expansion polyvinyl impression material utilizing one stage and two-stage clay wash impression strategies.


The article highlights the relations between the Republics of Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan in the field of science in the second half of the twentieth century, the exchange of personnel, news in the field of scientific research based on periodicals and archival sources.


Shaping Nations: Constitutionalism and Society in Australia and Canada, Linda Cardinal and David Headon, eds., The Centre on Governance Series Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2002, pp. xvi, 330


The Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1R) and gastric insulinotropic polypeptide (GIPR) receptors are members of the secretin family of G‐protein coupled receptors that regulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. Both receptors are well studied in rodents and humans, but there are limited data available for horses. In horses, GIP and GLP‐1 contribute to hyperinsulinaemia, which causes a painful foot disease called laminitis.


National issues Research challenges created by the new federalism 2 The new federalism: Monitoring consequences 3 Monitoring the effects of the new federalism: A conference 7 A roadmap: Potential strategies 10 A table of projects 12 Evaluating the new state welfare reforms 18 From welfare to work: Problems and pitfalls 21 State responses to block grants: Will the social safety net survive? 25 State issues Informing the welfare debate: A conversation with state officials 30 Welfare waivers: Some salient trends 34 Extending assistance to intact families: State experiments with the 100-hour rule 38 State-level indicators of children's well-being 42 ISSN: 0195–5705 What a difference a state makes: Tracking the well-being of young children and families 49 Confronting the new politics of child and family policy in the United States 52 Welfare reform in Wisconsin: A case study Understanding Wisconsin Works (W-2) 53 Welfare reform under construction: Wisconsin Works (W-2) 55 A profile of Wisconsin welfare recipients: Baseline data 58 The W-2 health care plan 63 The W-2 child care plan 66 W-2 and child welfare 69 Implementing W-2: A few questions 72 Research and evaluation issues relating to W-2 74 Work-Not-Welfare: Time limits in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin 77 The New Hope Project 82 Monitoring the effects of the new federalism Editor's note: This special issue of Focus reports upon the first steps in a national effort by public and private organizations to develop coherent strategies for evaluating new welfare initiatives proposed by the states and the federal government. The centerpiece of this effort was a conference in Washington, D.C., on February 26, 1996 (see pp. 7–11), that brought together over a hundred representatives of the academic community, policy research organizations, and private foundations. In Section 1, we look at potential consequences of the " new federalism " : the challenges to the social policy community, and to the research community as it seeks to monitor and evaluate broad, state-based initiatives; how evaluation questions and methodologies should adapt to the changing welfare system; what problems states will face in moving from welfare to work-based assistance programs; what may happen if block grants replace open-ended entitlements. In Section 2, we consider information exchange: how to determine what programs states are initiating, what administrative and technical problems they are encountering; how best to stimulate the interchange of pertinent and timely information among state policy makers and administrators and the research community. …


In this paper, we analyze the existence of firm owned export channels as a response to the firm's specificities. The different theories justifying the internalization of such channels have shown, as well, that the larger the amount of exports the more likely the firm will establish its own export channels. As the existence of such channels can promote export activity, the econometric approach deals with the possible simultaneity, taking into account the binary character in the variable which refers to the internalization of the export activity.


A scheme for avoiding delay faults with slack assessment during standby time is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme performs path delay testing and checks if the slack is larger than a threshold value using selectable delay embedded in basic elements (BE) on a coarse-grained reconfigurable device. If the slack is smaller than the threshold, a pair of BEs to be replaced, which maximizes the path slack, is identified. Experimental results show that for aging-induced delay degradation a small threshold slack, which is less than 1 ps in a test case, is enough to ensure the delay fault prediction.


Abstract This paper examines curriculum trends and perspectives in the light of the modernist – postmodernist debate. It argues that the new ideological and institutional frameworks of our era prefigure a meta-modern paradigm for curriculum based on the modernisation of modernity. It is suggested that a meta-modern paradigm for curriculum transcends the misfortunes of modernity, i.e. the objectification and depersonalisation of contemporary education, the consideration of students as marketable products and the fragmentation of human experience into useful tasks. A process-orientated, meaningful curriculum is proposed aiming at the development of a dialectical relationship of persons to their world, a relationship which promotes communicative action


The data collected on 21 F2 populations, on seed yield, pods per plant, seeds per pod and 100-seed weight were used for an assessment of the variability and association patterns. Seed weight showed high heritability estimate. Pod number was the only component which showed significant positive correlation with seed yield. Both pod number and seeds per pod showed negative correlation with seed weight. Prediction of the direct and correlated responses was made. Direct selection appeared to be useful for improving each of the yield component traits.


A method to measure the dynamics of the internal temperature of biological tissues and the thickness of the denatured layer during laser thermolysis is presented. The method is based on intensity measurements of three luminescence bands of upconversion NaYF4: Yb, Er nanoparticles in the green and red parts of the visible spectrum. Ovalbumine is used as a model biological tissue. The general patterns of denaturation of ovalbumine is also studied by the method of plasmon resonance photothermotherapy.


The Executive Director of The St James Ethics Centre, GPO Box 3599, Sydney, Australia, seeks enlightenment from social thinkers Machiavelli, Robespierre and Rousseau to understand how corporate governance is, and might be, conducted today.


Rice is a main food for Iranian people and has an important role in providing food security. Regarding the population growth, increase of rice production and reduction of losses have special importance in prevention of rice import. Rice losses in the harvest stage are the highest through the whole production period of this crop and hence the reduction of these losses is necessary. Provision of this purpose depends on on-time harvesting and separation of grains from chaff with the least grain losses, and choosing a suitable harvesting method. The choice of harvesting method depends on various factors in each region; thus, different harvest methods in each region must be compared while conducted in the same conditions. In order to recommend the beast harvest method in Shivan-Chardavol region, three harvesting methods (manually, rice-specific combine harvester and conventional cereals combine harvester) were considered as three experimental treatments and four different parts of this region considered as experimental blocks. The experimental design was randomized complete block design. This study was carried out on Anbarboo variety and the measured factors were: effective farm capacity, percent of total losses, percent of harvesting losses, number of workers and harvesting cost. The results of this study indicated that the total difference of factors was significant at the 1% error level among all treatments. The effective farm capacity in harvesting by cereals combine harvester was more than other treatments. The lowest percent of loss was observed for harvesting by rice-specific combine harvester (2.32%) and the highest percent of loss was obtained for cereals combine harvester (3.816%). The manual harvesting method had the highest harvesting cost and the lowest cost was found to be associated with the rice specific combine harvester. Therefore, from the results of this study, the use of this combine harvester is recommended for rice harvesting in this region.


Within the mean-field approximation, we discuss effects of the projection operator in the fermion-spin theory. The ground-state kinetic energy of the t-J model is studied, and the results show that the mean-field ground-state kinetic energy is consistent with the numerical results. The possible phase separation is also discussed.


Abstract Corona VIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) becomes the global pandemic that has affected the economy of almost every country in the world. Out of 5.6 million cases as on May 26, 2020 it has already consumed around 0.34 million lives. As compared to first case of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan City, China in December 2019, the very first case in Ethiopia was notified on March 12, 2020 and till May 26, 2020 the number of people infected with this disease becomes 655. There are numerous social and geographical factors that are responsible for spreading of the deadly virus. This paper has presented a study of these social and geographical factors, specifically in Ethiopia. To validate the study, several statistical techniques are used to analyze the effect of these factors in calculating transmission rate in Ethiopia. The study shows that the age, gender, immunity, nutritional deficiencies, and deprived household problems are directly correlated with the spread of COVID-19 in Ethiopia.


Temporal Difference (TD) as a powerful approach is a well-known reinforcement learning (RL) method based on machine learning concept. Bulk power systems with sophisticated traditional controls and low reliability are suffering extremely from instability and cascading events followed by a single fault in transmission lines or loss of generation and loads. This paper proposes a novel approach based on temporal difference to alleviate effect of cascading events and enhance the voltage and angular stability in bulk power systems even after multiple contingencies. This TD-based approach is implemented as a complementary control to the AGC units and obtains optimal action policy for accurate tuning of generated output power through a state-action learning process by updating the policy based on the received rewards. The proposed intelligent control is validated by dynamic simulation on the IEEE 118-bus system for multiple case studies. The results show the accuracy and robustness of the proposed approach.


The schedule of concrete construction progress of the permanent shiplock project for the Three Gorges Project was formulated and managed with P3 software, which had gained good effectiveness and guaranteed the smooth completion of each sections of the project. Due to the structural particularity of the permanent shiplock and the department establishment and personnel arrangement of construction enterprise, there are some drawbacks in the arrangement and management of concrete construction progress. This paper analyzes and summarizes them in order to use them as a reference for other similar projects.


Cognitive relay networks are designed to increase access to under-utilized spectrum. The direct link communication can be exploited to decrease the outage probability with a buffer-aided relaying network. To this end, a novel transmission policy is proposed to combine the benefits of direct communication and buffer-aided relaying. In addition, a modification to the hybrid interweave-underlay spectrum access policy is presented to restrict the amount of interference caused due to a miss-detection event. Assuming independent and not necessarily identical fading channels, the analytical outage probability and the end-to-end average packet delay for the secondary system are derived. Monte-Carlo simulations show that adopting the proposed policy, compared to the conventional link selection techniques, results in a significantly larger outage gain, a lower average packet delay, a higher empty buffer probability, and a lower full buffer probability. Also, the theoretical and Monte-Carlo results coincide in the provided simulation examples which verifies correctness of the theoretical analysis.


Silicone rubber (SR) composites filled with carbon black (CB) and carbon fibre (CF) were prepared. The effects of a single filler as well as hybrid fillers on the thermal conductivity (λ) and mechanical properties of SR composites were investigated. It was found that hybrid filler was more effective in increasing λ of the composite, and this effect was more pronounced when the weight ratio of CF:CB was 80:20. The scanning electron microscopy showed the hybrid filler formed a better filler network than single filler in the matrix. SR composites filled with hybrid fillers also possessed better mechanical properties compared with composites filled with only CF.


Doctors were sceptical about the impact of the patient's charter when it was launched in 1991, and subsequent events did little to change their minds. A report from the King's Fund published last week examines how a future charter could improve on the original.

The researchers, commissioned by the NHS Executive, consulted patients, carers, managers, and clinicians, along with voluntary and professional organisations. They found that two of the charter's greatest …


Being asked to reflect on the paper I delivered almost 20 years ago, ''Poor Women in Psychological Research: Shut Up and Shut Out'' (Reid, 1993), is a rare privilege. I appreciate this opportunity to look back and provide some context for the ideas which were presented in what originated as my presidential address for the American Psychological Association's (APA) Division 35: Division on the Psychology of Women (now known as the Society for the Psychology of Women). It is ironic that this retrospective comes as the United States again feels the press of a deep recession, but it also seems appropriate at this time to consider whether psychological researchers are any more attentive now than we were previously to issues of poverty.


This is a new section of the Journal of Transcultural Nursing to capture contemporary perspectives of transcultural nurse scholars, leaders, practitioners, and others regarding developments or issues worthy of reflection. It is a means of communicating to readers about current or past ideas that merit intellectual discussion, debate, or clarification in order to advance transcultural nursing knowledge and practices. The Editor welcomes nurses to share their particular interests, viewpoints, or unique perspectives about transcultural nursing.


Aeroengine parts are manufactured mostly from high-strength titanium alloys to meet aeroengine requirements, and shot peening is used to improve the fatigue life of such parts. Shot peening introduces compressive residual stress within the impact layer, and different shot-peening conditions produce different residual-stress fields. In this paper, the residual stress induced by shot peening is investigated. Different shot-peening parameters (air pressure, flow rate, nozzle speed, distance), paths, and sequences are planned for block and thin-plate specimens, and their effects on the consequent residual stress are investigated. The air pressure, flow rate, and nozzle speed have large effects on the residual stress, as do the shot-peening sequence and path, thereby providing technical support for the subsequent work of optimizing the residual stress after shot peening.


To determine if intraoperative testing is predictive of implantable defibrillator performance postoperatively, we measured sequential pulse defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) in 16 adult canines (28.0 ± 3.5 kg, mean ± SD body weight) at the time of epicardial defibrillation electrode implantation. Three epicardial defibrillation electrodes were sutured directly to the anterior, posterior, and left lateral epicardial surfaces of the heart through a left fifth intercostal thoracotomy. The pericardium was sutured closed over the electrodes and DFT was measured first with the thorax open and again after closing all surgical wounds, evacuating the thorax, and reinflating the lungs. Mean ± SD DFT voltage, current, and impedance (pulse 1), and total delivered energy (both pulses) for the open chest measurements were 321 ± 87 volts, 4.2 ± 1.9 amps, 80 ± 14 ohms and 5.3 ± 3.7 joules, respectively. The corresponding DFT values for the closed chest measurements were 321 ± 92 volts, 5.1 ± 1.9 amps, 64 ± 10 ohms and 6.1 ± 3.9 joules, respectively. Paired Student's t‐test comparison of open versus closed chest DFT values indicated that there were no significant differences in voltage (P > 0.80) or energy (P > 0.20), but there were significant differences in both current (P < 0.01) and impedance (P < 0.001). It is concluded that despite alterations in impedance and current flow, voltage and energy DFT are not significantly different between open and closed chest animals. This suggests that intraoperative testing of implantable defibrillators is predictive of postoperative performance.


We have investigated prepolymers and their photo-polymerization conditions to design a holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) device with high reflectivity. Results show that the reflectivity of an HPDLC device increases as the concentration of urethane acrylate oligomer in the prepolymers increases, and it also increases with laser intensity. These results indicate that accelerating the phase separation during photo-polymerization can improve reflectivity in HPDLCs. We have also found that a prepolymer containing an oligomer fixes liquid crystal alignment during photo-polymerization. A reverse mode HPDLC device was demonstrated that uses this prepolymer and a dual frequency addressable liquid crystal. The device is transparent in the absence of an electric field and reflective in the presence of an electric field at a frequency higher than the cross over frequency of the liquid crystal.


The development of 3-D modeling CAD system on production platforms is mainly discussed in this paper.A suitable petroleum platform design using software is developed According to the design status of domestic production platforms and the principle of structural life cycle method.The research results have been successfully applied to the 3-D graphic design of production platforms.The design level of offshore platform has been remarkably raised and the design quality has been improved.The technology research on developing method,design analysis method,parameterized modeling method,information management method,version management and etc,can also be apply to other engineering designs and have certain popularization value.


OBJECTIVES: To measure relative fitness and frailty in older people without specific frailty instruments and to relate that measurement to long‐term health outcomes.


Moroccan business leaders are increasingly concerned about the phenomenon of declining commercial activity, confirmed by the economic barometers published by the General Confederation of Moroccan Enterprises (CGEM) during the last four years (2015-2018), and the direct causes that might be linked to unfair competition, payment delays problem, unpaid debts and finally the widespread of a heavy informal sector. Through this article, we are going to focus on the relationship that may exist between the components of an internal control system setup in a sales function and its performance. In other words, we are looking to explain the decreasing performance of the sales function using the evaluation of the internal control system deployed there. To do this, we will present in the first part, the theoretical foundations of the internal control system and socio-economic performance. Then, we will analyze the points of connection and influence to finally develop some hypotheses, which will be the subject of an empirical study based on of one hundred and sixty-one Moroccan companies. The results of our work provide an answer on the degree of influence of internal control system components of the commercial function on its socio-economic performance and more precisely on its commercial performance.


In recent years, a tremendous effort has been directed toward understanding and promoting the use of externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to strengthen concrete structures. Despite this research effort, studies on the behavior of beams strengthened with FRP under fatigue loading are relatively few, especially with regard to its shear-strengthening aspect. This study aims to examine the fatigue performance of RC beams strengthened in shear using carbon FRP (CFRP) sheets. It involves six laboratory tests performed on full-size T-beams, where the following parameters are investigated: (1) the FRP ratio and (2) the internal transverse-steel reinforcement ratio. The major finding of this study is that specimens strengthened with one layer of CFRP survived 5 million cycles, some of them with no apparent signs of damage, demonstrating thereby the effectiveness of FRP strengthening systems on extending the fatigue life of structures. Specimens strengthened with two layers of CFRP failed in ...


In order to enable a testbed for spaceborne scanning synthetic aperture radar (ScanSAR) mode, in this letter, a ScanSAR autofocusing approach for airborne platforms has been developed. Autofocusing algorithms, such as the phase gradient autofocus (PGA) algorithm, prove to be a useful postprocessing technique to get refocused synthetic aperture radar images. However, conventional stripmap PGA does not work in ScanSAR mode when the full-aperture approach is used, due to the periodic data gaps in each subswath. To solve this problem, we extend the stripmap PGA to ScanSAR with some modifications, mainly in the subaperture segmentation and phase error estimation steps. The performance of extended stripmap PGA is evaluated by an airborne ScanSAR data set containing different types of terrain, with a high spatial resolution up to 3.5 m in azimuth.


This paper describes a non-contact optical technique for imaging and detection of early-stage dental caries. Tooth decay, at its earliest stages, manifests itself as small, white, subsurface lesions in the enamel. Current detection methods including visual and tactile investigations and bite-wing X-ray radiographs suffer from poor sensitivity and specificity at the earliest (and reversible) stages of the disease due to the small size (<;100 microns) of the lesion. We have developed a fine-resolution (500-nm) ultra-broadband (GHz) all-optical photoacoustic imaging (AOPAI) system to image the early stages of tooth decay. Photoacoustic (PA) signals are generated using a Nd:YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) laser operating at 532 nm with a 5-ns pulse duration. The light-induced broadband ultra-sound wave is detected at the surface of the tooth with a path-stabilized Michelson interferometer. 2D images are generated from PA signals using k-wave reconstruction methods. Ex-vivo tooth samples exhibiting white-spot lesions were scanned and were found to generate a larger PA signal in the lesion regions compared to healthy enamel. This high contrast potentially allows lesions to be imaged and measured at a much earlier stage compared to current clinical techniques. PA images were cross referenced with histological and micro-CT images to validate our experimental results. Our AOPAI system provides a non-contact method for early detection of white-spot lesions with a high detection bandwidth that offers advantages over previously demonstrated ultrasound methods. The technique provides the ample sensing depth afforded by an ultrasound system combined with the fine spatial resolution of an optical system.


Objective To investigate the value of maternal serum level of soluble endoglin(sEng)in the second-trimester in predicting severe preeclampsia.Methods Maternal serum samples were obtained at 14 to 20 gestation weeks together with Down syndrome screening,all gravidas were followed up until delivery.14 early-onset severe preeclampsia and 25 late-onset severe preeclampsia were identified.Another 25 healthy pregnant women and 13 preterm mothers were chosen as control.All serum samples were tested for sEng with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results No significant differences was found in maternal serum level of sEng among the early-onset severe preeclampsia,late-onset severe preeclampsia,normal control and preterm group 0.440 ng/ml(0.526 ng/ml),0.594 ng/ml(0.457 ng/ml),0.483 ng/ml(0.194 ng/ml),0.460 ng/ml(0.204 ng/ml),Chi-Square=1.371,P=0.712).Conclusion The predictive value of maternal sEng level in mid-term pregnancy(14 to 20 weeks of gestation)on severe preeclampsia has not yet been confirmed.


Objective To study the reliability of low-dose multislice CT scan in lung measurement and airway estimate.Methods 52 patients were performed MSCT(GE,LightSpeed 16)scan using tube current 250 mA.When they were reexamined,they were divided into three groups,and were checked using tube current 100 mA,50 mA and 25 mA respectively.The dose length products(DLP),mean lung density,lung capability and voxel index(VI)were measured severally and compared respectively.68 patients were divided into four groups,and were performed MSCT(GE,LightSpeed 16)scan using tube current 200 mA,100 mA,50 mA and 25 mA,respectively.The imaging quality of bronchus was evaluated by three radiologists at the level of right upper lobe and scores were measured.Results With the descending of the tube current,the radiation dose became direct proportion decline.There was no effect in measurement of the mean lung density and lung capacity.But the measurement of VI was effected.Although the VIs obtained by 100 mA,50 mA and 25 mA were higher than that by 250 mA,but there were high relativity between 100 mA group,50 mA group,25 mA group and 250 mA group,respectively.For bronchus score,there was no difference in 100 mA/250 mA groups,50 mA/250 mA groups,and 50 mA/100 mA groups.But the bronchus scores of 25 mA group was lower than that of 250 mA,100 mA and 50 mA groups.And the score was more than 3 when the tube current was not less than 50 mA.Conclusions Low tube current CT scan could be used for measurements of lung and the tube current for evaluation of bronchus was not less than 50 mA.


A lattice containing insertions designed for collisions of 20 TeV proton beams at crossing points having beta values of two meters or less is presented. The machine would use high-field double bore superconducting magnets, with opposite focusing action on the two beams passing through each quadrupole. Hence the focusing pattern in the insertions is antisymmetric about the crossings. The beams, separated by 16 cms in the arcs are made colinear by dipoles common to both beams and then focused to the low-..beta.. collision points by quadrupole triplets. A similar machine design for pp collisions is also included.


The financial crisis in South East Asia is threatening the development of new vaccination programmes.

When the International Vaccine Institute was inaugurated in Seoul, South Korea, in 1997 it was heralded as "the first international United Nations agency" based in the country. But it is threatened by the region's financial crisis—South Korean banks now owe over $150bn (£93bn) in long term debt to foreign and international …


IT has been suggested many times that toxemia of pregnancy is associated with the development of hypertension and disease of the kidneys and blood vessels in later life.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Nevertheless, the causal significance and even the existence of such a correlation have frequently been questioned.13 14 15 16 Long-term follow-up studies that meet rigid epidemiologic criteria are difficult to carry out, and many published studies dealing with the problem are unsatisfactory. In some, no distinction is made between patients previously well and those who had clear signs of vascular or renal involvement before they became pregnant.1 In others, only patients with eclampsia are considered, . . .


Explaining the growth and change of regions and cities is one of the great challenges for social science. The field of economic geography and associated economics has developed frameworks in recent years that, while tackling major questions in spatial economic development, are deficient in their ability to explain geographical develop in a causal way, and to incorporate principal forces for change.


This study presents a fast backprojection algorithm (FBPA) for bistatic forward-looking spotlight synthetic aperture radar (BFSSAR) imaging. It represents the subimages on the polar grids to reduce the computational burden. First, the backprojection algorithm for the BFSSAR imaging is introduced. Then, FBPA for the BFSSAR imaging based on the subaperture processing is provided, and the sampling requirements for the polar grids of subimages are derived from the bandwidth angle. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate its validity.


A distributed GA is designed for the packet switched network routing problem under minimal information. The requirements of such a problem mean that agents are required to possess more intelligence than was previously the case. To this end a distributed GA approach is developed and benchmarked against the AntNet algorithm under the same information constraints.


Innovations for the multiple challenges of food and vegetable crop production in the Caribbean Sustainable agricultural production in the humid tropics leads to several challenges as limitation of soil and climate constraints, mitigation of diseases and pests impacts, improving sustainable access to resources avoiding potentially polluting and expensive inputs. From the beginning of the eighties' INRA initiated researches programmes and proposed several specific answers to new challenges of tropical crops and environments. As simple technological transfers showed their limits in tropical conditions, specific knowledge was developed on soil liming, irrigation and organic matter management, plant nutrition and protection by mulches, intercropping as well as plant breeding and biological control. Several innovations designed for Guadeloupe and Martinique are presented and discussed. In order to answer more efficiently to present needs in agriculture a better organisation and communication between research, extension and farmers is needed


Objective To investigate the relationship of the concentration of serum uric acid(UA) and the frequency of coronary artery disease(CHD).Methods 60 cases of patients with coronary artery disease were selected from patients who was in hospital for treatment from January 2007 to February 2008 as a experimental group,and another 60 cases of patients with non-coronary heart disease as a control group.All patients were detected with enzymatic method for the concentration of serum uric acid.The results of two groups were compared,then.Results Compared with the control group,the concentration of serum uric acid of the experimental group rose significantly(P0.05).the concentration of serum uric acid of the experimental group and the coronary artery disease were associated with significant pertinence(P0.05).Conclusion The rise of the concentration of serum uric acid showed close relationship with the frequency of coronary artery disease,so reduction of serum uric acid level is important one link in preventing and treating coronary heart disease.


The past several decades of research into machine learning have been of great assistance to humanity in the diagnosis of a variety of ailments using various forms of automated diagnostic procedures. Machine learning, combined with smart health devices, has improved health monitoring, timely diagnoses, and treatment. This paper introduces a unified disease diagnosis framework, integrating cloud computing, machine learning, and IoT. The framework has three layers: physical (collects patient data), fog (intermediate layer with a domain identification unit to determine input and diagnosis type), and transmission (cloud server with a disease detection unit). The performance evaluation shows the robustness and efficiency of the model as compared to state-of-art models.


Using a 31-year (1960-1990) sample of western North Pacific tropical cyclones and monthly mean sea surface temperature (SST) for each year, an empirical relationship between SST and the maximum intensity of western North Pacific storms is determined and used to calculate the relative intensity a measure of how close a storm reaches its maximum potential intensity. The analysis method in this study follows that by DeMaria and Kaplan (1994b) and results are compared with observations over the North Atlantic and theoretical studies. Similar to previous studies, an upper bound of storm intensity for a given SST was determined. It is shown that a larger fraction of Pacific storms are observed over warm waters than Atlantic storms and the maximum potential intensity of Pacific storms tennis to be stronger than that of Atlantic storms or theoretically calculated storms. The analyses of the relative intensity at the time of each storms life-time maximum intensity indicate that the maximum intensity of Pacific storms is well below the maximum potential intensity. The average relative intensity of the total sample is 37 % (47 %) when the regression curve for the maximum (99th) intensity percentile is used to compute the relative intensity, implying that environmental influences appear to be more important, than SST in determining the maximunl intensity of Pacific storms. The average relative intensity of late-season storms tends to be, as in the Atlantic, larger than that of early-season storms, and the yearly-averaged relative intensity shows to some extent interannual variability but with little correlation either with quasi-biennial oscillation or with El Nino.


The hydrophobic solid acid catalysts possess the advantages of having the stable active sites,high catalytic activity and better reusability,which are considered to be the environmentally friendly catalysts and have promising application prospect.The catalyst of hydrophobic solid acid AC-H2SO4-Cn was prepared through two steps as follows: activated carbon(AC) was firstly impregnated in sulfuric acid to form the sulfuric acid loaded catalyst,and then modified it with trimethylchlorosilane(Cn).The prepared AC-H2SO4-Cn was characterized by XRD,IR and TG.It was found that the trimethylchlorosilane forms hydrophobic groups on the surface of the catalyst after the process of silicane-modification,which enhance the reusability of the catalyst.The effect of the sequence of the preparation process on the catalytic activity and hydrophobicity was investigated via the esterification reaction of the acetic acid with ethanol.The results show that the catalyst loaded firstly with sulfuric acid and then modified by silicane exhibits a better reusability than that of the catalyst prepared by the method with reversed process sequence.When the catalyst used was prepared under the conditions as follows: the trimethylchlorosilane concentration of the impregnating solution is 15%(V/V),the impregnation temperature is 60℃ and the impregnation time is 2 h,the maximum conversation ratio of acetic acid can reach 90.3%.Besides,the reused catalyst activity of the catalyst prepared under above mentioned conditions is better than that of the catalysts prepared under conditions different from those mentioned above.


Obesity is recognized as a public health problem throughout the world. Dietary supplements have been used as alternative treatments for obesity, and many of these supplements allegedly contain "natural products". This paper describes the development of an LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of sibutramine, which is an adulterant found in dietary supplements. The samples were prepared using a simple extraction process, and the analytical run time was approximately 10 minutes. A reverse-phase column was used to resolve the contents of the supplements, and gradient elution using acetonitrile and water (1:1, V/V) acidified with 0.1% formic acid was performed at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The identification of the relevant compounds was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) ratios in positive ionization mode. The method described in this work was validated, and our analysis indicates that this method is accurate, precise, easily performed and sensitive. The limit of quantification was 4.0 ng/mL, and the limit of detection was 1.3 ng/mL. The linear range for the data was 5.0-30.0 ng/mL, and in this range, the correlation coefficient (r) calculated by the least squares method was 0.99848. The proposed method can be used for routine analysis.


The aim of this study is to present all the steps of the development of a fish smoker and its operation. This smoker prototype has its temperature automatically controlled. Due to the great technological advances, operations automation has been claiming its space and is responsible for increasing the efficiency of a process. For the automation of this smoker to happen, it was necessary to use sensors in order for them to detect and quantify the variables of the process. In the prototype development for smoking fish, the process variable was the temperature and the setpoint was set at 45°C, allowing a variation of 5°C, which is characterized as a hot smoking. In order to obtain the values in degrees Celsius it was necessary to develop a calibration curve. This curve generated an equation, which was used in the development of the algorithm that is recorded in the microcontroller. The microcontroller is responsible for interpreting the commands that determine the start or the shutdown of the heater. This is called ON / OFF control action, which operates continuously until the equipment is disconnected from the electricity source. After conducting some tests, the smoker prototype operated automatically and continuously as well as expected and may be characterized as an automated equipment.


Fuzzy language, Just like precise language, is also a useful means of exchanging ideas, and it plays a very important role in language communication. Some people even purposely fuzzify information for various objective reasons or purposes.


The present work tries to think the movement of the notion of difference that the Science of the Logic unfolds throughout its course. From the notion of "economy", this work discovers and constructs a complex dynamics of difference within the speculative thought. Following the double pulse of negativity and temporality that the logical movement of the speculative unfolds, we develop the possibility of thinking a simultaneous and solidary dual dynamics around the notion in question: the Science of Logic, on the one hand, articulates the development of difference in a double economy, both with respect to the repetition of the negative and also with respect to the circulation of time, while, on the other hand, it exceeds this same development with the surprising emergence of positivity and the present, thus simplifying and opening the display of negativity and temporality. With this work, in general, we tried to make Hegel our contemporary, assuming and solving the challenge of thinking a new way of reading the Hegelian text.


The invention discloses a butyl rubber composite material applicable to curing bladders. The composite material is compounded from the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of butyl rubber, 2-10 parts of chloroprene rubber, 60-85 parts of carbon black, 3-10 parts of modified graphene, 5-15 parts of paraffin oil and 8-12 parts of curing resin. The composite material has the advantages of favorable mechanical properties and excellent aging resistance, and can satisfy the operating requirements for curing bladders for tires, transmission belts and other rubber products.


Burkina Faso HIGHLIGHTS 96 security incidents were registered, with 166 people killed (10 children) . 8,646 SAM children were admitted to the severe acute malnutrition program, including 1,284 in hard-to-reach areas. 29,740 children aged 6-23 months received micronutrient supplementation in the Nord and Centre-Nord regions. 12,525 children aged 9 months to 14 years were vaccinated in the health districts of Diapaga, Gayeri, Pama and Fada. a national nVPO2 campaign was conducted with the Ministry of Health which reached 4,200,000 children under 5, including 519,000 children in the high-risk and insecurity-affected areas 103,866 people (including 63,196 children) were provided with access to safe drinking water.


This book addresses analytical (probabilistic and game theoretic) and simulation-based (Monte Carlo) treatments of Risk Assessment and Risk Management methodology using observational outcomes for unwanted oil spills and gas releases so as to study certain goals such as developments for attaining improved response, mitigation, detection, characterization, and remediation associated with preventing unwanted catastrophes. Cost-effective decision engines are employed for best practices. With the latest headlines in U.S. newspapers and overall electronic news media, U.S. rises to No. 1 Energy Producer having recently surpassed Russia and Saudi Arabia in the amount of crude oil production and natural gas thereby causing "a startling shift that is reshaping markets and eroding the clout of traditionally energy-rich nations". After the notoriously overwhelming BP's "Deepwater Horizon" disastrous inferno, this article has significant merit on the same topic of risk assessment and management by mitigating the oil-rig disaster probabilities. This is why analytical/statistical and simulation-based cost-effective risk assessment methods have gained significance for onshore & offshore oil-rigs.


Photonic Crystal mirrors with phase responses that are strongly varying as a function of wavenumber are designed, fabricated, and characterized. When used in Fabry-Perot resonators, these mirrors enable effective cavity lengths that are strong functions of wavenumber. Our measurements demonstrate that these cavities have very useful device applications, including wavelength-stable sensors and miniaturized high quality factor resonators.