Incentive-based travel demand management (IBTDM) strategies utilize rewards to redistribute travel demand across space and time. Such congestion-alleviation solutions are usually managed by small private companies with constraint budgets. Aside from spending money on incentives, running promotional campaigns to achieve the gains in market share is essential for maintaining the financial health of IBTDM programs. Therefore, the budget allocation between the two counterparts—incentive and marketing expenditure—needs to be wisely determined. Based on the bottleneck model, this paper proposes an optimal budget allocation scheme considering the impact of a budget constraint and market penetration. It was found that the constraint budget should be prioritized to attract those with lower marketing costs in general. In situations with an insufficient budget and when marketing costs were lower for attracting lower-income individuals, IBTDM decision-makers should focus on those lower-income individuals at first. This mitigates inequity issues to some extent. Therefore, policy makers or planners should pay more attention to marketing cost when developing a marketing plan and try to reduce marketing cost to make full use of incentive budget.


We discuss the relativistic treatment of fermion-antifermion bound states by an effective-Hamiltonian method which imitates their description in terms of nonrelativistic potential models: the effective interaction potential, to be used in a Schr\"odinger equation which incorporates relativistic kinematics, is derived from the underlying quantum field theory. This approach is equivalent to the instantaneous approximation to the Bethe-Salpeter equation called the Salpeter equation but comes closer to physical intuition than the latter one.


We investigate the effect of an external periodic modulation on the one-dimensional(1D)Bose–Einstein condensate with harmonic trapping potential.By numerically solving the Gross–Pitaevskii equation with symplectic algorithm,the nonlinear resonance phenomenon is shown and the corresponding Fourier spectrum is given.The autoresonance phenomenon is also presented under almost periodic external modulation,and it shows that the condensate eventually evolves into quasi-periodic oscillation.


Objective To investigate the expression and significance of platelet membrane glycoproteins and intercellular adhesion molecules-1 in patients with anaphylactoid purpura.Methods Fifty-two patients with anaphylactoid purpura were divided into three groups according to their clinical manifestations.16 in dermal purpura group,20 in mixed group and 16 in nephritis group.The expression ofⅡb and Ⅲa in these 52 patients was detected by flow cytometry.The level of intercellular adhesion molecules-1 was analysed by ELISA with monoclonal antibody as the probe.Results The percentage of Ⅲa and ICAM-1 in patients in acute phase were significantly higher than those in regressive phase and those in normal control.Neither of the expression of Ⅱb and Ⅲa nor the level of ICAM-1 in nephritis group was significantly different from that in the mixed group.Compared with dermal purpura group,the percentage of CD62P and ICAM-1 was significantly higher in the nephritis group and mixed group.There was no significant difference in Ⅱb expression among all groups.Conclusion The activation of platelet could be closely related to the progress of anaphylactoid purpura.


The increasing popularity and importance of electronic commerce makes very apparent the issue of privacy and anonymity for electronic consumers. Technologies are already in existence that offer some degree of electronic privacy, e.g., electronic/digital cash However, the mere fact that electronic commerce is conducted over existing network infrastructure (such as the global Internet) runs counter to the privacy of the consumer. This is due mainly to the end-to-end nature of application protocols that are used as vehicles for electronic commerce - World-Wide Web (WWW), Electronic Mail, File Transfer Protocols and others.

In this paper we discuss the issue of consumer anonymity and propose some solutions for the activities that typically "surround" electronic payment: pre-purchase browsing and merchandise delivery.


The visual predictor of a drivable surface friction ahead of the vehicle is presented. The image recognition neural network is trained in self-supervised fashion, as an alternative to tedious, error-prone, and subjective human annotation. The training images are labelled automatically by surface friction estimates from vehicle response during ordinary driving. The Unscented Kalman Filter algorithm is used to estimate tire-to-road interface friction parameters, taking into account the highly nonlinear nature of tire dynamics. Finally, the overall toolchain was validated using an experimental subscale platform and real-world driving scenarios. The resulting visual predictor was trained using about 3 000 images and validated on an unseen set of 800 test images, achieving 0.98 crosscorrelation between the visually predicted and the estimated value of surface friction.


Class or glass ceramic is a good candidate as a sealant between Fe22Cr interconnector steel and cell components in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs).
 The Adhesion between two different glass sealants and three different types of interconnector steel (Crofer22APU, Sandvik 1C44Mo20 and Sandvik 350) was tested by heat treatment of stacks of alternate layers of glass and steel under a small load. The interfaces were then investigated in a Scanning Electorn Microscope (SEM).
 The thermal expansion characteristics of the two glasses, a sodium alumino silicate (NAS) glass and a calcium alumino boro silicate (CAS) glass, were adjusted to match those of the interconnector steels by addition (either 0, 10 or 39wt%) of a MgO filler with a higher thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) than the glass. Etching, sanding, pre-oxidation or coatings of metal or metal oxide, which wrer all believed to help facilitate good bonding between glass and steel, were applied to steel surfaces. The nonding an microstucture of the interfaces between glass/composite seals and interconnector steels were investigated as a function of steel composition, durface treatment/coating of the steel surface, glass matrix compositon, filler concentration in the glass seal and sealing temperature (850oC or 950oC).
 Only the interface between Sandvik 1C44Mo20 steel and CAS glass showed an improvement in adhesion when raising the sealing temperature from 850oC to 950oC. Other interfaces, tested at both temperatures, did not show any difference in adhesion when raising the sealing temperature.
 Etching, sanding or pre-oxidation of steel surfaces did not change surface conditions of the steel plates and the performance of surface treated steel/glass interfaces were no different than with untreated steel plates.
 Adhesion in interfaces between Sandvik 1C44Mo20 and CAS glass was generally better when no MgO particles were added to the glass. At interfaces between Crofer 22APU and CAS glass, a better adhesion was observed when 10 wt% MgO was added to the glass as compared to no filler in the glass. The Sandvik 350 steel did not show any trend in a general better adhesion to CAS glass with or without filler in the glass. NAS glass was only tested with MgO particles in the glass and there did not seem to be a general difference in adhesion betw3een interfaces with 10 wt% MgO compared to 39 wt% MgO in the glass.
 Application of transition metal oxide coatings on etched surfaces of Crofer 22 APU steel showed a significant improvement in the development of a gradual transition in chemical bonding between steel an glass. Coatings of MN3O4 and NiO to the steel gave the best results against CAS glass and coatings of NiO and Co3O4 gave the best results against NAS glass.
 Wxcellent bonding was seen at interfaces between untreated or pre-oxidized Sandvik 1C44Mo20 steel and CAS glass and also between MN3O4 or NiO coated Crofer 22APU steel and CAS composite with 10 wt% MgO.


Adviser: Wonyoung Choe Structural analysis of a solid-state material is vital because the structure often determines the physical (or chemical) properties of the material. An understanding of the relationship between structural components and bulk properties can be used to design materials with specific properties. To achieve such understanding, two things are required: a rigorous structural analysis method and a study of the properties of materials with noteworthy structural features. In this thesis, the author reviews 44 pyridyl porphyrin frameworks in an effort to determine how these framework structures are formed, and if any overreaching trends can be observed. The observed trends are used to develop a method to analyze pyridyl porphyrin frameworks based on the types of porphyrins used, the metal node used, and the metal-to-porphyrin ratio. The structures of two new frameworks (MPF-3 and E-MOF-1) are also analyzed and tested for their structural flexibility. The structural features of each framework are correlated to the property being examined (flexibility). The type of flexibility demonstrated is strongly related to the structure of the individual framework. The structural analysis of the frameworks presented here is a small but significant step towards the rational design of flexible metal-organic frameworks. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Chemistry Department for the opportunity to explore and grow my chemistry career here at UNL. I have enjoyed my time here with the professors, students, and group members I have met. I am where I am today because of their influence. I could not have completed this work without the aid of several important people. I would like to thank Eun-Young Choi and Evan Hurley for the experiments that became two of my projects, Chunhua Hu for his single-crystal diffraction work, and Matthew Suchomel at Argonne National Labs for his expertise in synchrotron powder diffraction data. None of this would have been possible without the knowledge, support, and enthusiasm of Professor Wonyoung Choe and everyone in the Choe lab. I have gained so much personally and professionally from my discussions and experiences with this fine group of people. I feel grateful to have been allowed to be part of it. I would like to thank my sister for her good humor and my mother and my father for their encouragement as I seek to find the right career, the right path for myself. As I leave UNL, I know what I have gained …


Much progress has been made in the development of synthesis methods for Heat Exchanger Networks through the use of targeting procedures. Such advances include the remaining problem approach of the workers at UMIST and the use of the A* heuristic search procedure by the present authors. Networks of substantially different topologies can be produced by the alternative synthesis procedures, but the methods used for cost estimation typically rely heavily on a simple area exponent calculation. As substantial capital costs are incurred for piping a simplified method is proposed which does allow for piping costs and so may be used to discriminate more accurately between alternative networks. The use of this procedure is illustrated by using some networks from published problems.


1. Bilateral minimal infiltrates are seen in the para-cardiac region.
2. Supine and erect abdominal x-rays (Fig 2) revealed large bowel obstruction with
fecal impaction in recto-sigmoid colon. Linear tubular soft tissue density are
suggestive of worms (ascaris).
3. Diagnosis: (1) Loeffler syndrome. (2) Massive ascariasis with partial GI
obstruction


and elsewhere: The use of e.g. and i.e. is too frequent and would be better to just re-write with words. We hope we corrected this sufficiently in the revised version. There are several paragraphs throughout that are just two sentences, which is a little unusual and not totally necessary, and so would be better suited to combine with surrounding paragraphs. We reorganised the manuscript accordingly. Introduction: Can you better situate the present study in the context of previous approaches to generating sedimentary proxy system models/pseudoproxies? What is unique about this approach? Is it more comprehensive than previous studies? Does it innovatively use the Evans et al. 2013 framework? Is it the first to be applied to the TraCE simulation or to generate pseudoproxies over this time frame? Etc. We position our manuscript, data, and approach better in the larger context. The introduction now tries to clarify the difference between our approach and previous applications, our contribution to this topic, how it relates to the framework of Evans et al. (2013), and how we use the TraCE simulation differently to other studies. p.2 l.8 The words "The review" just after citing both Smerdon 2012 and Mann and Rutherford 2002 make it unclear which paper you're referring to. We thank the referee for spotting this.


The aim of this research are to evaluate the production and nutritive value Cowpea and sudan grass forage on intercroping plant system. This research was designed by RCD with 5 treatment and replication ( 25 attempt unit). Treatment tried by are: P1: Monoculture sudan grass, P2: Monoculture cowpea, P3 Join with cowpea and Sudan grass in percentage population 25:75, P4:50:50 and P5:75:25. The result showed that intercroping cowpea and sudan grass effected ( P< 0,01) on dry matter production on sudan grass and cowpea there P3 and P4 are highest that 3,18 tons / ha and 3,04 tons / ha for sudan grass and on Cowpea 7,03 tons / ha and 6,35 tons / ha. Crude protein on sudan grass forage, P5 And P4 are highest that 10,50% and P4 10,25%. Best Rate crude fiber on P3 and P4. P1 And P3 crude fat highest that 1,00% and 0,89%, and ash highest at P1, P4 And P5 that 12,83%, 12,28% and 12,17%. For cowpea forage, the best Nutritive value are CP highest at P4 and P5 that 27,72% and 27,59%. Best rate CF at P5 and P4 that 21,06% and 20,89%. highest rate Crude fat at P2 and P3 that 2,05% and 1,69%. highest ash rate at P2 that 17,07%. Concluded the best proportion for join plant sudan grass and cowpea is 50 %: 50 %. Keywords: sudangrass, cowpea, forage, intercroping, crop


This paper addresses the following questions: What is software component? How to build component? What is component-oriented programming, and how the programming languages contribute in this new programming paradigm? Since the development of computer, scientists, computer experts, have been trying to find a better way to build software applications. Numerous programming languages were developed, and the newer one has more power, capabilities to facilitate programming. Along with the newer, object-oriented capability languages such as C++, Java, C#, programming paradigm is also changed, from the structured to object-oriented, and to component-oriented programming. This paper considers books, and research papers on similar topics that might provide a deeper understanding of software component, and the answers to these questions above.


In this paper,it was summarized that effectiveness of an ultrafiltration device,different sizes of an ultrafiltration device,the concentration of dietary enzyme-hydrolysed casein,animal trial process and results of using enzyme-hydrolysed casein,respectively,on enzyme-hydrolysed casein method for determining endogenous ileal amino acid excretion in the pig.


Embryonic and early larval development and growth of Epinephelus septemfasciatus,including morphological features and developmental period, were observed and studied. Starvation tolerance test was also conducted and other index such as larvae survival and growth, yolk sac, and oil globule utilization rate were recorded under the condition of water temperature 22±0.5℃ and salinity 30. Based on the obtained data, the embryonic development of E.septemfasciatus was divided into five stages, namely cleavage stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, neurula stage, as well as organogenesis stage. The embryos hatched at 38h45min after fertilization in seawater at 20.5±0.5 ℃ and salinity of 30.0. The whole length of newly-hatched larva was 1.059±0.07 mm. The yolk sac of larvae disappeared 4d post hatching at a whole length of 2.27~2.36 mm, and air bladder of larvae formed during 8~15d post hatching. Then the soft rays of caudal fin developed finally at 30d post hatching.Newly-hatched larvae showed 100% mortality after 7 days of starvation, and the half mortality time was 5d and themortality peaked at 4~6d post hatching. The growth of yolk sac larvae can be divided into three periods: rapid growth period of newly hatched larvae, slow growth period before and after the disappearance of yolk sac,and negative growth period afterwards due to the lack of exogenous feeding. Starvation magnified the difference of growth between starved and normal larvae (P0.05). Larvae had shorter soma length, bigger head and thinner body after a period of food deprivation. The rear part of head sunk after long-time starvation.


UNDER THE "COORDINATED INVESTMENT PROGRAMME FOR FEDERAL TRAFFIC ROUTES UP TO THE YEAR 1985", WHICH INVOLVES AN INVESTMENT SUM OF 111 MILLIARD DM, APPROXIMATELY 17 MILLIARD DM (EQUAL TO 16%) WILL FLOW TO THE GERMAN FEDERAL RAILWAYS. THE ARRANGEMENT OF THIS FINANCING FOR INVESTMENT PROJECTS CAN PARTLY BE UNDERTAKEN WITH THE AID OF COST BENEFIT ANALYSES; PART OF THE FINANCE MUST, HOWEVER, BE DISTRIBUTED WITHOUT ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS. FOR THE FURTHER PROJECTION OF THE FEDERAL TRAFFIC ROUTE PLANNING, THE BUNDESBAHN PROVIDES AN INCREASE IN SUBVENTIONS FOR HIGHWAY FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND FOR INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT RESULTING FROM INADEQUATE CHARGING OF ROUTE COSTS. CONSIDERATION IS TAKEN OF THE ALTERED TRANSPORT POLICY TARGET STRUCTURES IN THE PLANNING METHODOLOGY.


The aim of this thesis is to give an estimated number of routers in an ad hoc network, assuming its graph model is provided. There are two approaches proposed, both utilising the notion of dominating set of nodes. Firstly it is concerned with theoretical derivation of a new lower bound for the expectation of domination number for random graphs with base graph being a Cartesian product of cycles. This bound is based on already proven cases of Vizing's conjecture. Evaluation of accuracy and comparison to another known lower bound (particularly the one based on the vertex degree counting) was realised by simulations. The proposed new lower bound is more precise than the other one in the interval of lower values of the probability parameter p. The second objective was realisation of a heuristic algorithm for finding a minimum dominating set. We focused only on the graphs with power law degree distribution which present a good model of real world networks. Proposed algorithm is based on adding the vertices which have neighbours of minimum degree. On our test sample the worst case increase in dominating set size compared to the minimum one was 15.7% and when the reduction of unnecessary vertices was used, it was below 5%. But the execution time was by few orders shorter than it was in the case of greedy algorithm. This can make significant difference in the case of large graphs and allows for dominating set size estimation even when the use of other methods would be intractable.


A manuscript for many magazines is not only seriously against the innovative principle of academic research,but also against scientific morale.The phenomenon results from subjective as well as objective reasons,i.e.lacking basic sense of contributing manuscript,long time proof-reading,the irrational system for the academic assessment and deficiency of the scientific morale.The problems can be solved by strengthening education,purifying academic atmosphere,standardizing proofreading work of science journals,perfecting academic assessing system and taking forceful measures.


Bibliographic documents are basically associated with many entities including authors, venues, affiliations, etc. While bibliographic search engines addressed mainly relevant document ranking according to a query topic, ranking other related relevant bibliographic entities is still challenging. Indeed, document relevance is the primary level that allows inferring the relevance of the other entities regardless of the query topic. In this paper, we propose a novel integrated ranking model, called BibRank, that aims at ranking both document and author entities in bibliographic networks. The underlying algorithm propagates entity scores through the network by means of citation and authorship links. Moreover, we propose to weight these relationships using content-based indicators that estimate the topical relatedness between entities. In particular, we estimate the common similarity between homogeneous entities by analyzing marginal citations. We also compare document and author language models in order to evaluate the level of author's knowledge on the document topic and the document representativeness of author's knowledge. Experiment results on the representative CiteSeerX dataset show that BibRank model outperforms baseline ranking models with a significant improvement.


The performance of an optical wavelength division multiplexed communication system is analyzed taking the four wave mixing (FWM) effect into account. Also it is found that the efficiency of FWM generation can be greatly reduced by making the spacing between channels unequal. Taking into account the various channel spacing schemes and various distribution of different dispersion type optical fibers a comparative picture has been drawn to suggest the most efficient system with maximum FWM reduction. During the evaluation the FWM process in EDFA is also taken into consideration.


Abstract : The effects of 0.0010 to 1.0 M of various anions and cations added to 1 N H2SO4 and 1 M NaOH solutions on oxygen-reduction at pre-anodized and precathodized platinum electrodes were examined by measuring the coulombic efficiency for the formation of hydrogen peroxide. Current potential curves were also obtained. Results are discussed on the basis of the adsorption of cations and anions on the oxide or hydroxide covered electrode surfaces with emphasis on the ion exchange properties of the oxides. Evidence for various oxide films and/ or adsorbed oxygen on platinum electrodes is summarized. A voltammetric study of a special oxide layer formed on an excessively anodized platinum electrode is also described.


Recently, Small hydropower attracts attention because of its clean, renewable and abundant energy resources to develop. This study is about tubular-type hydro turbine among renewable energy that is based on using the different water pressure levels in pipe lines. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of number of guide vane on the turbine performance, output power, and efficiency of tubular-type hydroturbine.


It makes a soil test on Gouzhang and Zhougou expanded soil yards.According to the result,it makes deformed test on outer adding limestone powder,eliminates its expanded character better.Through construction of a highway expanded soil base,it elaborates the concrete skill and measures during construction.The practice shows that it is feasible and economic to adopt outer adding limestone powder.


This report is a guide to the regular appropriations bills that Congress considers each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on the District of Columbia and the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, the Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, the District of Columbia, the Executive Office of the President, and Independent Agencies. It summarizes the status of the bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels, and related congressional activity, and is updated as events warrant.


The world's largest twin skeg VLBC developed at Samsung shipyard for BHP, Austrailian owner, has been proven as a successful vessel through 1 year's operation record in view of the superior propulsion performances, maneouverability in extremely shallow water and all ship's systems, especially, ship's vibration. The principal technical matter during the design development from the initial design stage to the sea trial has been summarized on this report.


The relationship of low temperature survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to the NaCl concentration and temperature of growth and suspending media was investigated. Morphological changes under these growth conditions were noted and the response of the organism in oysters stored at 4°C was also studied. The survival of V. parahaemolyticus was complete in solutions of 1.0M and 0.5M NaCl, independent of exposure temperature, and few survivors were detected following exposure to 0.01M NaCl, regardless of exposure temperature or growth conditions. A loss of viability was observed in solutions less than or equal to 0.01M NaCl at 20°C and a further decrease in viability occurred upon exposure to these solutions at 4°C. No benefit was derived from prior growth in a medium containing a higher than optimal concentration of NaCl. However, a growth temperature of 20°C was more favorable to Vibrio survival than either 37°C or 10°C. The cold sensitivity of V. parahaemolyticus can, therefore, be offset if low temperature exposure occurs in a salt solution in excess of 0.5 M NaCl and will also be diminished if growth takes place at 20°C, a temperature close to that of its natural environment in summer.


The incidence of tetracycline residues in turkey was studied. During meat inspection suspicious flocks were identified by fluorescence detection in bones. 85 flocks showed significant fluorescence in bones. Bones, liver, kidney and musculature of these animals were examined by HPLC for qualitative and quantitative determination of tetracyclines. In 83 flocks residues of either tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline or doxycycline were present. There was a correlation between intensity of fluorescence in bones and concentration of the residues. The detection of fluorescence in bones seems to be a useful screening method for tetracyclines in poultry carcasses. Further the disposition of tetracyclines in superficial and deep parts of the bones, the presence of 4-Epi-Tetracycline and the correlation of carcasse weight/ over-all quality of flocks and residue findings was discussed.


A Monte Carlo code was written to predict the response of gas /sup 3/He spectrometers. The model assumes a parallel beam of monoenergetic neutrons incident on a cylindrical detector at an arbitrary angle to the detector axis. Neutron reaction position, in the wall or in the gas, type of reaction, and product directions are chosen. Distances to the detector wall are calculated and used for further tracking of neutrons and charged particles. The required cross sections were fitted with cubic splines to reduce computing time. Proton and triton ranges are determined by applying the Bragg-Kleeman rule to the results of Ziegler. Ranges of /sup 3/He recoils were assumed to be negligibly small. Our Monte Carlo code has been tested for two cases. Results show Monte Carlo calculations are useful for calculating detector responses and determining peak and total efficiencies for gas /sup 3/He spectrometers. They are also useful in understanding the shapes of neutron responses; this may be useful in optimizing detector designs.


Children and families who need child welfare–related services deserve to receive interventions supported by strong scientific research (Wilson & Walsh, 2012), increasing the likelihood that interventions will support families to meet the basic needs of their children, keep them safe, and promote their well-being, security, and stability. To accomplish those outcomes, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) Administration on Children, Youth and Families urges child welfare systems to understand, install, implement, and sustain practices with the highest degree of evidence available (Administration on Children, Youth and Families, 2012). The USDHHS Children's Bureau (CB) partners with federal, state, tribal, and local agencies to improve the overall health and well-being of our nation's children and families. However, public child welfare systems have struggled to achieve optimal performance and are cited when they are unable to achieve federal child welfare outcomes (Children's Bureau, n.d.a). Even when public child welfare systems commit to implement system changes to improve child and family outcomes, it is difficult to locate interventions with evidence that they are effective with child welfare target populations (California Evidence Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare [CEBC], n.d.). The lack of evidence about what works in child welfare has led to a movement to bridge the gap between research and child welfare policies, programs, and practices. As one method to guide this movement, the USDHHS Children's Bureau created three Child Welfare Research and Evaluation Workgroups to provide guidance about how child welfare stakeholders can partner to more successfully build evidence, strengthen practice, and inform policy. One of these workgroups developed A Framework To Design, Test, Spread, and Sustain Effective Practice in Child Welfare (Framework Group,


The first process of this invention is to measure the characteristic curve due to the fluctuation of the drain current corresponding to the particular, variations in the gate voltage of the MOS transistor to about anomalies checking method of a MOS transistor and; A second process of the first reference been the characteristic curve measured in the process of calculating a curve according to the value of the variable of the transconductance (Trans conductance) for each gate voltage and; The third step of the second derivative value of a variable curve been calculated in the second process; And the charge density in the channel region of the MOSFET to the a fourth process for determining the presence or absence of abnormality by counting the number of the inflection point in the function curve been the second order derivative in the third process shallows trench isolation (Shallow Trench Isolation: STI) the distortion of the hump (hump) phenomenon or a drain of the gate (gate) the voltage at the subthreshold (sub-threshold) region of the MOSFET other cause (drain) current characteristic that occurs when a not-uniform such as a step two euros whether caused it to be measured automatically. STI, Trans conductance, Hump, Kink, an inflection point


Earlier this year, in one of the most dramatic corporate acquisitions in recent memory, Boston Scientific purchased Guidant Corporation. Dr. Alan Garber writes that consolidation in the medical-device industry has multiple and sometimes unpredictable effects.


THERE ARE, it seems to me, at least three parts to any study of AfroAmerican visual creativity in transatlantic perspective: (1) the identification of strategic West and Central African visual traditions, travelling in the minds of blacks to the Americas during the period of the infamous Atlantic Trade; (2) the citation of persisting strands from these ancestral patterns, now richly interwoven and recombined by Afro-American artists, and the definition of their


Hybrid precoding can reduce the number of required radio frequency (RF) chains in millimeter-Wave (mmWave) massive MIMO systems. However, existing hybrid pre-coding based on singular value decomposition (SVD) requires the complicated bit allocation to match the different signal-to-noise-ratios (SNRs) of different sub-channels. In this paper, we propose a geometric mean decomposition (GMD)-based hybrid precoding to avoid the complicated bit allocation. Specifically, we seek a pair of analog and digital precoders sufficiently close to the unconstrained fully digital GMD precoder. To achieve this, we fix the analog precoder to design the digital precoder, and vice versa. The analog precoder is designed based on the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm, while GMD is used to obtain the digital precoder. Simulations show that the proposed GMD-based hybrid precoding achieves better performance than the conventional SVD-based hybrid precoding with only a slight increase in complexity.


: Dike 1 of Kaeng Krachan Dam located in Phetchaburi province of Thailand constructed in 1966 with a reservoir capacity of 710 million m 3 . This large - scale project provides more than 55 years of irrigation and flood protection . Risk evaluation of dam is needed to be performed . The calibration of engineering properties of the Dike 1 is conducted because there is no database of those properties . The existing Dike 1 cross-section is a soil model, used for calculation . Piezometric level and flow rate obtained from the dam instruments were calibrated with the hydraulic head and the flow rate was determined by the SEEP/W model . The permeability coefficient of the Dike 1 materials can be analyzed by the calibration technique . The data of the dam instruments are helpful information, and the computer program is friendly to use . The coefficient of permeability of the soil of the Dike 1 of Kaeng Krachan Dam is determined and applied to risk analysis .


An understanding of religious beliefs and practices is often essential when trying to understand different societies, both those in the past and also those in the present. In the case of Roman Britain we are faced with various situations: the traditions of the indigenous Celts; the beliefs and practices of the pagan Romans; various religions which originated much further to the east than Rome and which were brought to Britain by soldiers, administrators and traders; the dynamics of culture contact between the different social groups (especially the fusion of Roman and native cults); and changes over time. The role of religion in Roman times was very important and affected many aspects of everyday life and involved a duality of both public and domestic religious rituals. Religious practices were therefore undertaken in various 'landscapes' including: urban, rural, temple complexes, shrines, cemeteries and households. This volume provides up-to-date reviews of the evidence for different religious beliefs, practices and types of site within South-East Britain generally, but for London, Surrey, Sussex and Kent in particular." "This book will be of interest and use to a wide range of people: professional and amateur archaeologists, classicists, students and the general public who have an interest in the Roman period.


The authors propose a switching network that approaches a maximum throughput of 100% as buffering is increased. This self-routing switching network consists of simple 2*2 switching elements, distributors, and buffers located between stages and in the output ports. The switching network requires a speedup factor of two. The switch has log/sub 2/ N stages that move packets in store-and-forward fashion, thus incurring a latency of log/sub 2/ N time periods. The performance analysis of the switch under a uniform traffic pattern shows that the additional delay is small and a maximum throughput of 100% is achieved as buffering is increased.<<ETX>>


This article will overview the current state-of-the-art of the different methods of assessment and treatment ofdyslexia. On the basis of the modification and extension of the multilevel model of Valtin (1989, modified byWitruk, 1993b) the methods were discussed regarding their main aims. Assessment and treatment methodswere described regarding the primary causes (biological risk factors), secondary causes (partial performancedeficits), primary symptoms (reading and writing failures) and regarding the secondary symptoms (emotionaland behavioural disorders).


In this paper we present the results of an evaluation of different visualization methods for angiogram volumetric data-ray casting, marching cubes, and multi-level partition of unity implicits. There are several options available with ray-casting: isosurface extraction, maximum intensity projection and alpha compositing, each producing fundamentally different results. Different visualization methods are suitable for different needs, so this choice is crucial in diagnosis and decision making processes. We also evaluate visual effects such as ambient occlusion, screen space ambient occlusion, and depth of field. Some visualization methods include transparency, so we address the question of relevancy of this additional visual information. We employ transfer functions to map data values to color and transparency, allowing us to view or hide particular tissues. All the methods presented in this paper were developed using OpenCL, striving for real-time rendering and quality interaction. An evaluation has been conducted to assess the suitability of the visualization methods. Results show superiority of isosurface extraction with ambient occlusion effects. Visual effects may positively or negatively affect perception of depth, motion, and relative positions in space.


Terrorist and radical groups of people use instant messengers and accounts on social networks to publish propaganda messages. Blocking such accounts is one of the most effective methods of countering them. To do this, analysts need to read and process a huge amount of information. In this paper we propose an approach based on machine learning that will automate the process of processing and classifying messages into radical and non-radical messages.


The performance of ALOHA, Non-Persistent CSMA protocols and their slotted versions in Packet Radio Network is analyzed in consideration of the time of propagation delay, the time of radio transformation from receiving state to transmitting state, and the time for the radio to sense the carrier. The analysis shows that these parameters are the main factors deteriorating the performance of the protocols, especially for CSMA. The multichannel mode efficiently decreases the effects of these factors and the system capacity is changeable conveniently. Comparing curves and some simulation results are given.


After the intraperitoneal administration of 86RbCl to mice in a dose of 0.5 mM/kg, the maximum levels in the liver and kidneys were attained in the first hour, but in the brain not for 24 h


The World Wide Web is an emerging platform for information systems; however established system architectures for web systems focus mainly on the creation and storage of consistent hypermedia information structures and on the efficient distribution of the resulting documents. The interaction between the information users is seldom supported. As many application scenarios profit greatly from human interaction, the paper presents a platform- and application-independent generic system architecture designed to extend existing web-based information systems by coordinated services for human interaction. One prototype implementation of the architecture supports user awareness and human interaction on corporate web sites.


Narrow body and wide body aircraft are responsible for more than 75% of aviation greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and aviation, itself, was responsible for about 2.5% of all GHG emissions in the United States in 2018. This situation becomes worse when considering a 4-5% annual growth in air travel. Electrified aircraft is clearly a promising solution to combat the GHG challenge; thus, the trend is to eliminate all but electrical forms of energy in aircraft power distribution systems. However, electrification adds tremendously to the complexity of aircraft electric power systems (EPS), which is dramatically changing in our journey from conventional aircraft to more electric aircraft (MEA) and all electric aircraft (AEA). In this article, we provide an in-depth discussion on MEA/AEA EPS: electric propulsion, distributed propulsion systems (DPS), EPS voltage levels, power supplies, and EPS architectures are discussed. Publications on power flow (PF) analysis and management of EPS are reviewed, and an initial schematic of a potential aircraft EPS with electric propulsion is proposed. In this regard, we also briefly review the components required for MEA/AEA EPS, including power electronics (PE) converters, electric machines, electrochemical energy units, circuit breakers (CBs), and wiring harness. A comprehensive review of each of the components mentioned above or other topics except for those related to steady state power flow in MEA/AEA EPS is out of this article's scope and should be found somewhere else. At the close of the paper, some challenges in the path towards AEA are presented. Unless the discussed challenges are satisfactorily addressed and solved, arriving at an AEA that can properly operate over commercial missions will not be possible.


The silicon–germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor enabled the breakthrough of siliconbased MMIC (monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuit) technology [1,6]. Amplifiers and tunable oscillators or with maximum operation frequencies beyond 80GHz become feasible.

Silicon as a substrate for millimeter-wave monolithically integrated circuits was suggested in 1981 by RCA [22]. Since 1986 in the field of silicon monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuits (SIMMWICs) there have been research activities at the former AEG-Telefunken Research Institute (now DaimlerChrysler Research Center) and at the Technische Universitat¨ Munchen [23–29].

Monolithic integrated millimeterwave circuits based on silicon and SiGe will give new options for millimeter-wave sensor and communication applications.

Keywords:

silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors;
monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuit;
silicon;
CMOS;
MOSFET


In marine seismic reflection surveys, most data comprise only the pressure acquired by a hydrophone array. The acquired data are subject to frequency bandwidth limitations caused by the contamination of surface-reflected ghost signals associated with seismic signals generated by artificial sources such as airguns. This study developed a method to exploit the mirror-image effect to control these signals and image the subsurface structure using signals generated by virtual seismic sources at locations mirroring actual sources. The processing results indicate that decomposed ghost signals can be regarded as additional survey data to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and widen bandwidth.


Background The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations are common for calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Unlike CKD, the key pathological change of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is glomerulosclerosis. Methods To conduct a meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of the CKD-EPI and MDRD equations in diabetic patients, we searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for studies comparing standard GFR (sGFR) with eGFR using these two equations. Results Thirteen studies of 7192 diabetic patients reporting data on bias or accuracy were included. At the study level, both equations underestimated eGFR. CKD-EPI was more accurate in studies with mean GFR ≥60 mL/minute/1.73 m2. At the individual level, both equations overestimated GFR by 6.38 mL/minute/1.73 m2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.67–10.1) and 7.65 mL/minute/1.73 m2 (95% CI 2.78–12.52), respectively, for sGFR < 90 mL/minute/1.73 m2. The CKD-EPI equation was 7.61% (95% CI 4.66–10.56) more accurate in subjects with sGFR > 90 mL/minute/1.73 m2. The CKD-EPI equation performed poorly in diabetic patients. Conclusions The CKD-EPI equation can be used to estimate GFR in patients with incipient DKD, but has drawbacks. Improved eGFR equations suitable for diabetic populations are needed.


1. Department of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Child Health and Development Research (CDR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences Branch of Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran 3. Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, CDR of Tehran University of Medical Sciences Branch of ACECR, Tehran, Iran 4. Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran 5. Tehran University of Medical Sciences Branch of Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran


The increasing number of cloud services, Web services, and IoT services can meet the functional and nonfunctional needs of users, which has motivated researchers to provide more efficient ways to combine available services. Service composition is to organize a certain number of existing services to form a service set with comprehensive functions for meeting some users' needs. Our goal is to summarize the progress of research in service composition in the last 15 years. In this paper, we classify service compositions into three categories: Cloud Service Compositions, Web Service Compositions and IoT Service Compositions, and categorize the literature on existing composition approaches in these three categories according to the year and concrete approaches, and finally, we also discuss future research trends and challenges for these three categories of service compositions.


The utility model discloses an extensible clothes cabinet which comprises an outer cabinet body (1) and an inner cabinet body (2). An opening for the inner cabinet body (2) to enter is formed in one side of the outer cabinet body (1). The inner cabinet (2) extends into the outer cabinet body (1) from the opening and can move along the width direction of the outer cabinet body (1). The capacity of the extensible clothes cabinet can be expanded or reduced according to needs, the extensible clothes cabinet is convenient to use , when the number of clothes is small, space of a habitable room can be fully saved, the thickness of the clothes cabinet can be very thin by manufacturing, and the space of the habitable room can be further saved.


This research was aimed to determine the potential breeding dans of cattle at different age based on body weight (BW), chest circumference (CC) and body condition score (BCS) of 440 cattle from 29 breeding groups in Urut Sewu which included Mirit subdistrict, Ambal, Bulus pesantren, Klirong, Petanahan, and Puring subdistrict. The study applied a survey method allocating two age groups: U1 = 18 – 24 months and U2 = >24 – 36 months. The observed variables were BW, CC and BCS. The collected data were subject to an Independent sample test (t-test). The result showed a highly significant difference (P<0.01) between U1 and U2. The average BW, CC, and BCS of Kebumen "Peranakan Ongole" (PO) cattle in U1 were 306.04 ± 67.86 kg, 153.99 ± 11.74 cm and 3.18 ± 0.41, respectively, and in U2 were 368.00 ± 97.79 kg, 163.10 ± 14.38 cm and 3.48 ± 0.58, respectively. The body condition score of Kebumen PO cattle was higher than in the Indonesian National Standard (SNI); therefore, PO cattle had an improved grade as potential germ plasm of indigenous cattle in Indonesia.


The invention discloses an angelica keiskei soft capsule. The contents of the soft capsule include the following raw materials in part by weight: 10 to 80 parts of angelica keiskei superfine powder or angelica keiskei water extract powder, 20 to 80 parts of corn oil or soybean oil, 2 to 15 parts of vitamin E and 0.1 to 8 parts of beeswax. Compared with the prior art, the angelica keiskei soft capsule perfectly maintains various extremely unique and rare natural substances such as chalcone, natural flavone, natural organic germanium, vitamin B12, growth factor NGF capable of enhancing the activity of the human nerve cells by 20 times and the like by using a superfine milling cell wall breaking technique and particularly crushing at the temperature of between 15 and 40 DEG C below zero, thereby greatly improving the utilization rate of the biological active material in the angelica keiskei; due to the adoption of the form of soft capsule, not only the uncomfortable smell of the angelica keiskei can be covered, but also oxygen can be prevented from entering so as to improve the stability of the active ingredient which is easy to become deteriorated when exposed to air; the active ingredient has a long storage period; and the soft capsule is convenient to take and easy to carry.


The paper is devoted to analysis of function of religious terminology in contemporary journalese. They are used in metaphorical meaning, as phraseology. After all we have to analyse the position where they can be used.


Settling particles collected by sediment traps deployed along the equator in the Pacific Ocean were analysed to study seasonal and spatial variations in the labile composition and flux of particulate organic matter (POM) during the 1999–2001 La Niña event. Average total mass and amino acid fluxes were high at the hemipelagic western end of the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) (around 4°N, 136°E), low in the oligotrophic WPWP (around 0°N, 145°E), gradually increased to a higher value beyond the eastern end of the WPWP (170°W), and then decreased again at 160°W. The relative freshness of sinking POM, as determined by mole ratio of aspartic acid and beta-alanine and that of glutamic acid and gama-aminobutyric acid, was high at 160°E and 160°W compared to that at the other sites. In general, the glucosamine/galactosamine mole ratio increased gradually from the west towards the east Pacific, while the amino acid to hexosamine mole ratio was higher at 145°E than at other sites and varied in a narrow range. On average, amino acids accounted for 24–30% of organic carbon and 53–58% of total nitrogen of settling POM in the waters about 1000 m below the sea surface in this part of the Pacific Ocean. The spatial variations in the parameters studied suggest that sea surface temperature and shoaling of thermocline and nutricline affect particle flux and labile content of the settling POM throughout the equatorial Pacific Ocean.


Evaluation tracks oer valuable opportunities to measure scientic and technological advances. Spinque approaches challenges as the MediaEval Rich Speech Recognition task with the additional goal of developing solutions that can easily transferred from academic labs to industry. The system used during this evaluation was obtained with minimal eort and no manual optimisation and yet it provides a reasonably good baseline to improve upon. More importantly, it is by nature an extensible approach, based on the concept of declarative search strategies, rather than an ad-hoc search system.


A primary B-cell lymphoma of the skin is described, showing the clinical picture of a lymphadenosis cutis circumscripta. According to the Kiel classification, it has been classified as a centrocytic l


Foraging by mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) and leaf-cutting ants (Atta colombica) is compared with regard to plant species harvested, plant parts harvested, statistical patterns in foraging effort, seasonal variation in foraging effort, daily foraging patterns, and foliage height attacked. This comparison is possible because intensive, year-long studies of foraging by three colonies of A. colombica and by a group of A. palliata were conducted in the same study area (Hacienda La Pacifica) in the Guanacaste Province of Costa Rica. The results show that howling monkeys and leaf-cutters differ in each of the categories mentioned above, yet share many foraging patterns. Both organisms are generalist herbivores, but are also selective. Both leaf-cutters and howlers harvest a variety of plant parts including mature leaves, new leaves, fruit, and flowers, and both cut more mature leaves and fruit in the rainy season and more new leaves and flower parts in the dry season. Both organisms prefer new leaves to mature leaves if given a choice. Nevertheless, howling monkeys and leafcutters prefer different plant species. Of seven rank correlations between monkey and ant preferences, three were negative, and the best positive correlation was 0.100, which was not significant. In addition, based on yearly averages, howlers harvest more new leaves and fruit and fewer mature leaves than do leaf-cutters. These results are compared with recent theoretical predictions concerning feeding behavior in generalist herbivores. THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER iS to compare foraging in mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) and leaf-cutting ants (Atta colombica). This comparison is possible because intensive, year-long studies of foraging by three colonies of A. colombica and by a group of A. palliata were conducted in the same study area in the Guanacaste Province of Costa Rica by Rockwood (1972, 1973a, 1975, 1976) and by Glander (1975a, 1975b, 1977). While it might appear unusual to compare foraging in two such different animals, there are compelling reasons to do so. Howlers and leaf-cutters are both generalist herbivores that cooccur throughout most of the-neotropics (Moynihan 1976; Weber 1966, 1972). They are generalist herbivores in the sense that they consume quantities of material from many plant species. For example, Glander (1975a) found that howlers sampled 61 of 96 (63.5%) tree species present in their home range, while Rockwood (1972, 1976) found that a colony of A. colombica gathered material from 47 of 70 (67.1 %) woody species present in their foraging area. At the same time, both howlers and leaf-cuters are selective. Glander (1975a, 1977) found that howlers spent 75 percent of their feeding time in only 88 of 1699 trees present in the habitat. Rockwood (1976) has demonstrated similar selectivity in both A. colombica and A. cephalotes. In three colonies of A. colombica studied, 80-90 percent of the mature leaves cut by each colony were selected from 10 plant species out of the 57-62 species available in a foraging area. Similarly, in three A. cephalotes colonies, the top six plant species of 36-44 available to each colony accounted for 82-95 percent of mature leaves cut. Howlers and leaf-cutters both harvest flower and fruit pieces and show decided preferences for new versus mature leaves. These preferences show seasonal patterns. Finally, both species depend on mutualistic relationships for digestion of the vegetation they consume. Howling monkeys have the usual mammalian intestinal flora and depend to an unknown degree on fermentation of their food in an enlarged caecum. Colonies of Atta feed on a fungus which is cultured on vegetation brought into the nest by the ants. Thus, while howling monkeys and leaf-cutting ants are not closely related in an evolutionary sense, they appear to have converged ecologically as generalist herbivores in neotropical forests. Since both howlers and Atta colombica forage mainly in the forest canopy they may be important interspecific compe-


Rapid growth of WWW poses unpredictable challenges for the crawlers and search engines. Focused Crawler main aim is to selectively seek out pages that are relevant to pre-define set of topic rather than to exploit all regions of web. In this paper a review of focused crawler approaches have been presented which is classify in to five categories: Priority base crawler, Structured base crawler, Leaning base crawler, Context base crawler and Other focused crawler. There is also secrecy involved to protect against search spamming and ranking functions, thereby it is rare to announce or publish complete web crawling architectures. In this work, we propose focused web crawler architecture to expose the underneath secrets of web crawling implementation.


The vast range of security levels/compartments, complex ownership, continuous evolution, adaptive policy requirements, and the large size of battle management systems (BMSs) make it evident that the trust issues are substantial and will require extensive attention throughout the development cycle of the system. The authors outline the software development process for a BMS and identify where trusted system development requirements fit into the process. The focus is on the identification and discussion of eight leverage points that cut across the entire development process and provide the greatest opportunity to affect the security of the software that is developed. These points are visibility, protocols, downloading, configuration control, monitoring and measurement, environment, communication, and verification.<<ETX>>


A 32-year-old man with paroxysmal lone atrial fibrillation underwent catheter cryoablation for pulmonary vein isolation. A 15-mm-diameter, 20-electrode circular mapping catheter (Lasso, Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA) placed transseptally was used for identification of pulmonary vein electrical activity. The catheter positions were monitored continuously using a phased-array intracardiac echocardiography catheter (Acunav, Acuson Corp. Mountain View, CA, USA) in the right atrium. Prior to cryoablation, the tip of the ablation catheter (CRYO TIP) and circular mapping catheter (LASSO) were well visualized in the left superior pulmonary


The Soudan 2 Nucleon Decay Detector uses Hytrel plastic tubes to cause ionization electrons to drift up to 50 cm prior to gas multiplication and collection. The drift tubes are embedded in a matrix of thin steel sheets. Readout is accomplished by flash digitizers in a system with distributed intelligence. This design is usable as a general-purpose calorimeter in which 3 spatial coordinates and pulse height are measured at all points where ionization occurs. Several 4.3 ton modules of this detector have now been studied in detail. We will present information about the detector performance and its dependence on manufacturing tolerances.


We propose an extension of our recently modified simplified-improved-binary-encounter dipole (MUIBED) model [1] suitable even for relativistic energies. This new model (XMUBED) is applied to calculate the electron impact single M-subshell ionization cross-sections for atomic targets with various charges Z (79 ≤ Z ≤ 92). The parameters of the MUIBED model for the M-shell ionization calculations are modified to account well for fourteen atomic targets (between Au and U) for the inner M-subshell ionization cross sections.


Abstract Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with lysozyme were prepared by means of an ionic gelation process of chitosan (CS) and tripolyphosphate (TPP) on mild condition. Observations by TEM showed that the spherical chitosan nanoparticles were 50–280 nm in diameter. This work focuses on the effects of molecular weight (Mv) of CS, content of CS, TPP, and initial lysozyme on encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), release rate and activity of lysozyme in chitosan nanoparticles. Increasing Mv of chitosan, TPP content, or decreasing initial lysozyme content, EE was enhanced whereas when increasing chitosan content, EE first increased then decreased. LC increased as Mv of chitosan, content of TPP, or initial lysozyme increased or chitosan content decreased. The EE could be up to 47.3% and the LC could be 11.4%. The lysozyme release rate increased with decreasing the initial amount of lysozyme, Mv, or content of chitosan and increasing the amount of TPP. The relative activity of lysozyme in all the samples was maintained above 85%.


Infective endocarditis in hemodialysis patients is a serious complication of the dialysis catheter. Pulmonary complications are rare and may include lung abscess. We report the case of a 72-year-old chronic hemodialysis female patient diagnosed with tricuspid valve complicated by a giant lung abscesses. This case underlines the impact on poor outcomes of IE in hemodialysis patients.


The "14th Five-Year Plan" proposed the development of strategic emerging industries, accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system of the national major strategic deployment. Therefore, power grid enterprises need to expand new businesses to improve their own benefits. Based on RWCS algorithm, this paper optimizes the portfolio investment decision of emerging business and traditional business of power grid enterprises. Firstly, the key factors and indicators affecting the realization of investment value of emerging business are extracted, and the evaluation system of investment value of emerging business of power grid is proposed. Then, we construct a multi-business portfolio investment decision optimization model for the integration of grid emerging business and traditional business, and solve the multi-business portfolio investment decision optimization model using RWCS algorithm. Finally, the optimal model of emerging business portfolio decision-making is verified with examples to provide reference for grid business investment and support the transformation and upgrading of the grid industry and the company's high-quality development.


Effective contact tracing is crucial to containing epidemic spreading without disrupting societal activities, especially during a pandemic. Large gatherings play a key role, potentially favouring superspreading events. However, the effects of tracing in large groups have not been fully assessed so far. We show that in addition to forward tracing, which reconstructs to whom the disease spreads, and backward tracing, which searches from whom the disease spreads, a third 'sideward' tracing is always present, when tracing gatherings. This is an indirect tracing that detects infected asymptomatic individuals, even if they have been neither directly infected by nor directly transmitted the infection to the index case. We analyse this effect in a model of epidemic spreading for SARS-CoV-2, within the framework of simplicial activity-driven temporal networks. We determine the contribution of the three tracing mechanisms to the suppression of epidemic spreading, showing that sideward tracing induces a non-monotonic behaviour in the tracing efficiency, as a function of the size of the gatherings. Based on our results, we suggest an optimal choice for the sizes of the gatherings to be traced and we test the strategy on an empirical dataset of gatherings on a university campus.


Since 2007, the floating green tide on the Yellow Sea has become a perennial marine ecological disaster, which has attracted widespread attention from the academic community. Satellite remote sensing is the most important technology to monitor the occurrence and development of floating green tides. However, due to the limitations of satellite imaging mechanisms, resolutions, repeat cycles, and various inversion algorithms used, the results of green tides detected by different satellites are quite different, even reaching an order of magnitude. To this end, based on the satellite's imaging knowledge and floating algae's domain knowledge, we propose a deep-learning algorithm for floating green tide extraction that can deeply fuse the detection results from optical and microwave synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images under different sea conditions. The imaging and domain knowledge considered mainly include band channel components and their combinations as input, the new loss function for algae-water sample imbalance, texture feature enhancement, attention mechanism, etc. As a result, the deep-learning model reached a high-level extraction capability, i.e., the accuracy of 97.03%/99.83% and mean intersection over union (IOU) of 48.57%/86.31%, and it's widely applicable to optical images such as MODIS/GOCI and SAR images such as Sentinel-1/Gaofen-3. However, the most widely used method for expressing algal life stages is through the time series of satellite algae coverage, which is usually consistent with its life state. For this reason, based on the imaging mechanisms of two different satellites, optical and SAR, this paper redefines and obtains an important physical parameter of floating algae, the "floating ratio" of green algae patches, to represent the entire life process of "emergence-outbreak-maintain-dissipation" more accurately.


This paper examines the sequential nature of the functions of lexical items, discourse markers and speech formulae. They signal relations between units of talk by virtue of their sequential position as initial or terminal brackets demarcating discourse units. Speakers of natural language have a large number of detailed expectations about how a particular routine sequence might run. Turn beginnings and turn endings are especially important since they display relevance to what has preceded and provide projections and connections for following turns. It is argued that turn-initial and turn-final markers have evolved, in response to divergent interactive forces within an ongoing discourse, a number of sharply distinct discourse functions. While the use of initial markers is connected with turn entries, turn transitions or receipt of information, the use of final markers is linked with epistemic and affective stance. Epistemic and affective stance has an especially privileged role in the constitution of social life, which accounts in part for why stance is elaborately encoded in the grammar of Chinese.


Utility blindness refers to the phenomena that under limited information processing, consumers would base their purchase decision solely on transaction utility (gains from the deal) rather than total utility. When the deal is attractive enough, people would buy the products even though the total utility is negative; on the other hand, an unattractive deal might decrease people's purchase likelihood when the total utility is unaffected by the promotion. A series of studies provided evidence for the existence of utility blindness, with information processing focus as the underlying process. Transaction utility salience and cognitive load are identified as the moderating factors.


Silicate-based glass that devitrifies on heating to form ferroelectric lead titanate has been developed. The potential for use as sintering aid in PbO-based electroceramics has been evaluated by studying the densification of PbTiO 3 (PT) with increasing wt% addition of glass powder. As the wt% glass content increased, the density increased, the maximum and room temperature relative permittivity decreased and there was also a decrease in T c and the c/a ratio. The decrease in T c is believed to be due to increased clamping from neighbouring grains as the density of the PT increases. The decrease in maximum and room temperature relative permittivity is related to the presence of secondary phases.


Social image tagging systems mostly suffer from poor performance for image retrieval due to the noisy and incomplete correspondences between user-contributed images and their associated tags. In this letter, we aim to refine tag allocations in the social tagging data provided by these systems. In particular, we propose to harness the tagged and untagged data with a two-stage strategy according to different types of data relations, i.e. item similarity defined by prior knowledge and item co-occurrence learned from data statistics. To solve the sparsity problem, we first introduce a new graph learning (GL) method for enriching the tagging data according to item similarities. Then, we develop a method of nonnegative tensor factorization (NTF) for learning more coherent ternary relations among users, images and tags coupled by the manifold constraints learned from item co-occurrences. Experimental results with the tagging data from the NUS-WIDE dataset have been reported to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Objective To investigate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue(ESCC),and its relation with the clinicopathalogy features.Methods Using immunohistochemical SABC methond to detect the expression of iNOS with ESCC.Results The positive expression rate of iNOS in ESCC was significantly higher than that in paired para-carcinama tissue(P0.01).There was significiat correlation between the expression of iNOS and the pathological grade(P0.01),and clinic TNM stage(P0.05),and lymph noed metastasis(P 0.05),but there wes no correlation between the expression of iNOS and the patients;s sex.Conclusion INOS is highly expressed in ESCC,and iNOS plays an important role in the malignant progressionn of ESCC.


Starting from a constructionist perspective we look for to establish approaches of child's meanings used to describe children's rights. According to this objective we used the analysis of documents in the public domain, conceived as discursive practices and took as material of analysis letters of rights produced in the context of international organisms prior to the Child and Adolescent Statute. The analysis shows configurations constructed from definitions of child, prescriptions on the way as they should be treated in their social relations, including the public power and of its relationships with the adults, in general. Such "faces" of children can bring contributions to the understanding of the daily negotiations in lathe to the children's and adolescent's rights in public practices, at the present time.


This research is aimed at testing the influence of free cash flow agency
problem on company�s performance which is moderated by managerial
ownership and debt policy as a mechanism to reduce free cash flow agency
problem. Free cash flow is one of conflict sources between manager and
shareholders, in which manager issues the expenses with negative NPV. Conflict
interest between shareholders and manager will arise especially when a company
has high free cash flow and low growth. The research is also testing the
substitutive relationship between managerial ownership and debt policy as a
mechanism to the agent conflict control between manager and shareholders
The sample used were nonbanking data which were listed on Indonesia
Stock Exchange from the period 2004-2009. The samples were selected based on
purposive sampling with 390 samples. This research used Three Least Stage
Square to test the simultaneous relationship between both mechanisms. To test
free cash flow agency problem on the working performance which was moderated
by managerial ownership and debt policy, the researcher regression effect model.
The result of research show that free cash flow agency problem had
indicated negative and significant influence on company�s performance (Tobin�s
q). managerial ownership could reduce negative influence of free cash flow
agency problem on the company�s performance. This was due to substitutive
relationship between managerial ownership with debt policy.


Dominated by the energy policy the decentralized German energy market is
changing. One mature target of the government is to increase the
contribution of renewable generation to the gross electricity consumption.
In order to achieve this target disadvantages like an in-creased need for
capacity management occurs. Load reduction and variable grid fees offer the
grid operator solutions to realize capacity management by influencing the
load profile. The evolution of the current grid fees towards more causality
is required to adapt these approaches. Two calculation approaches are
developed in this assignment. On the one hand multivaria-ble grid fees
keeping the current components demand and energy charge. Additional to the
grid costs grid load dependent parameters like the amount of decentralized
feed-ins, time and local circumstances as well as grid capacities are
considered. On the other hand the grid fee flat-rate which represents a
demand based model on a monthly level. Both ap-proaches are designed to
meet the criteria for future grid fees. By means of a case study the
effects of the grid fees on the load profile at the low voltage grid is
simulated. Thereby the consumption is represented by different behaviour
models and the results are scaled at the benchmark grid area. The resulting
load curve is analyzed concerning the effects of peak load reduction as
well as the integration of renewable energy sources. Additionally the
combined effect of grid fees and electricity tariffs is evaluated. Finally
the work discusses the launching of grid fees in the tense atmosphere of
politics, legislation and grid operation.Results of this work are two
calculation approaches designed for grid operators to define the grid fees.
Multivariable grid fees are based on the current calculation scheme. Hereby
demand and energy charges are weighted by time, locational and load related
dependen-cies. The grid fee flat-rate defines a limitation in demand
extraction. Different demand levels can be chosen by the grid user. The use
of these models leads to load reduction as well as load shifting. Achieved
results confirm the possibility to force grid optimized be-haviour by
economic incentives. Both approaches offer potential to reduce peak load
but not to achieve different targets simultaneously. In combination with
electricity tariffs these effects are weakened. The concluding outcome
states that, assuming the supplier is responsible for controlling energy
and the grid operator for demand, the new grid fee approaches are an
appropriate tool for the grid operator to influence the load curve within
his grid area.


The typology of river channel processes is based on an analysis of those processes, defined as a combination of phenomena inherent in the interaction of flows and river beds; erosion, transportation and accumulation. It is shown that the river channel process types correspond to the distinguished river channels of mountain, semi−mountain, and flatland type of rivers. The morphodynamic classification also includes the geomorphologic channel types (broad floodplain, incised, and adapted), types of large river channel forms, morphodynamic types of river channels themselves, the hierarchy of river channel forms and the types of relief, which shapes the corresponding classification blocks. Consideration is given to the peculiarities in the distribution of rivers with different types of river channel processes, and the geomorphologic and morphodynamic types of river channels in Russia and neighbouring countries. Connections are shown between these peculiarities and the free and restricted conditions of river channel deformation development, river channel−forming discharges, etc.


Human capital theory predicts that workers will be more likely to invest in job training the longer they expect to remain working. The author tests that prediction using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth by examining the effect of the predicted probability of job turnover on the probability of receiving training. She finds that predicted turnover is significantly related to receiving training. Her preliminary analysis confirms the finding of previous studies that men undergo more training than women. The gender difference in training is 25% smaller, however, in an analysis that controls for the predicted probability of job turnover—an approach not taken in previous studies. Another finding is that the positive effect of education on training that has been reported previously is due to differences in turnover by education level rather than a pure complementarity between education and training.


Forest is one of the most important terrestrial ecosystems on the earth.Besides supplying timber and other goods,forest has vital effect on environment and provides significant ecological services for people.However,a larger part of the value of those ecological services could not be realized via market transactions.This market-failure creates a need for seeking governmental intervention to solve the positive externality of forest ecological benefits.It is crucial to establish eco-compensation mechanism which has become one of the hot spots in the field of ecological economic studies.This is particularly important in China,which possesses limited forest resources and a large population.With rapid economic development,resources over-exploitation and environmental deterioration have become a bottleneck to the socio-economic development in China,and forest resources loss is believed to be closely associated with ecological and environmental degradations.Therefore,forest conservation has gained increasingly attention and the Chinese government has taken a series of actions to protect forest resources.Based on relevant literature review,this paper makes clear the conception of forest ecological benefit compensation and introduces the current domestic and international researches on this issue.Through the analysis of theories and practices of forest ecological benefits compensation abroad,some inspirations are drawn on establishing the forest ecological benefits compensation mechanism,for examples:governmental investment,beneficiaries pay,market transition and institutional framework.Meanwhile,it is claimed that there are still many insufficiencies in the forest ecological benefit compensation of China such as non-clear concept of eco-compensation,lack of scientific bases for accounting method and systems,limited institutional experience,inadequate legal framework or supporting institutions and lack of farmers' participation.Based on the above analysis,it is considered that further researches on ecological compensation should be carried out.Finally,the policy recommendations are presented in the paper,including increasing governmental support,diversifying financing channels,improving mechanisms management,establishing legal framework,strengthening scientific research on standard-making and raising public awareness on ecological compensation.


Lower‐hybrid (LH) wave propagation is studied for a general magnetic‐field configuration. The ray‐tracing equations in the geometric optics approximation are analytically and numerically solved in flux surface coordinates by using asymptotic techniques. In particular, the effects of elongation, triangularity, and the Shafranov shift on wave penetration are pointed out. Numerical applications devoted to the study of current drive generation for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [Nucl. Fusion 31, 1135 (1991)] plasma parameters will also be presented.


In order to improve activity and selectivity of gas phase catalytic oxidation of 3-picoline to nicotinic acid on V2O5/TiO2,a series of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts doped with different Cr content were prepared by impregnation method,and characterized by XRD,BET,H2-TPR,NH3-TPD.The results showed that a new crystalline phase CrVO4 appeared on the Cr-doped catalysts,which reduced V2O5 and TiO2 grain size,and increased the acidity of catalysts.A small amount of Cr doping would promote the activity of the lattice oxygen of V2O5,and improved the yield and selectivity for nicotinic acid.But excessive Cr doping would increase the number of surface oxygen,and lead to a decline in selectivity of nicotinic acid.Yield of nicotinic acid can reached 77% on V2O5/TiO2 with 2% Cr at 260 ℃.


This study provides a theoretical and philosophical account of using Twitter bots to better understand the current attitudes of college-aged Republicans and Democrats. By comparing an in-person debate to the output of four Twitter bots, three emotional wedge issues were identified: universal healthcare, immigration, and gun control. Using content analysis, a correlation arose between the in-person and online frequency of the appearance of these wedge issues. Not only was there a correlation between the frequency of these wedge issues, but also the partisan attitudes about them. This indicates that, even though the bots offer fictionalized accounts, they can begin to accurately represent the attitudes of the real groups they are affiliated with.


Advances in the care of childhood conditions have resulted in the need for those previously not familiar with many of these problems to add them to their encyclopedia of knowledge. When considering this topic, one could reach broadly and include discussions of a variety of typical childhood diseases that increasingly persist into adulthood. This list includes such conditions as cerebral palsy, metabolic disorders, cystic fibrosis (CF), congenital heart disease (CHD), sickle cell anemia, muscular dystrophies and myopathies, as well as many of the childhood cancers that may leave both physical and psychological scars even when completely cured. Therefore, this review is limited to topics most relevant to the day-to-day practice of anesthesiology in the ''real world'' setting. Specifically, it will focus on the adult with repaired or palliated CHD, the adult with CF, and the increasingly common adult with a myopathy or dystrophy such as Duchenne or Becker. There are an infinite number of congenital disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, malformations, associations, and defects that even those of us devoted to tertiary pediatric anesthesia cannot possibly commit to memory. For those patients there are excellent resources that can provide focused information to assist in the anesthetic care. Although in everyday practice there is a tendency to focus on the concrete or nuts and bolts of the care of patients, it is important to provide a foundation for the discussion of the adult with a pediatric disease. By definition these ''children'' have chronic conditions that have required that they be involved repeatedly with the healthcare system; both as surgical and medical patients. As a consequence, they are very savvy as to the system and how to make it work best for them. They also have very clear preferences and are active participants in decisions regarding their healthcare management. Even though they are now young adults they are frequently accompanied by parents who also have an enormous amount of experience within the healthcare setting. To make the care of these patients and their families with success, it is critical to keep in mind the following: Often the patient and family know more about the rare disease that they have than you do. Two things are helpful: (1) Take a moment to read about the disorder to gain a basic familiarity with it here are excellent books and web sites that are helpful. (2) Admit to the family and the patient that this is a disorder that is not common in your practice. Patients and families will often test you to find out if you know anything about the rare condition. Having a fundamental knowledge and admitting the limits of that knowledge will be reassuring to the patient and family.


In this paper, we design and implement an SDN-based architecture Pgm-RAN which provides an effective representation of the radio network state at different network levels. Thanks to its programmability, Pgm-RAN enables the implementation of real-time RAN control algorithms in a modular fashion within a Cloud-RAN environment. To demonstrate the effectiveness of Pgm-RAN and assess its applicability, we design and implement a control plane application that ensures an enhanced joint Remote Radio Head assignment and physical radio resource allocation denoted by enhanced-DPS. To do so, we formulate the problem as Integer Linear Program while taking into consideration the mobile users requirements and the radio environment conditions. The problem is then resolved in a polynomial time leveraging linear relaxations and Branch & Cut algorithm. Both experimental and simulation results are provided to prove the effectiveness of our framework and to gauge the performance of enhanced-DPS. It is worth noting that our experimental platform relies on two main building blocks: i) Open Air Interface platform and ii) extended version of FlexRAN SDN controller.


The invention discloses a Chinese medicament bone-knitting pill preparation, which is prepared from peach kernel, safflower, ligusticus wallichii franchet, frankincense, myrrh, corydalis, achyranthes, ground beetle, dragon blood, leech, earthworm, Chinese angelica, cooked rehmannia, pyrite, eucommia, dipsacus, drynaria, gardenia, plantago seed, lycium bark, acanthopanax, bitter orange, parsnip, angelica, dioscorea, poria, cinnamon bark, red ginseng and other precious traditional Chinese medicaments according to certain proportion; the Chinese medicament bone-knitting pellet preparation can be used for treating femoral head necrosis, in particular ischemic necrosis of femoral head and other diseases, can effectively treat the femoral head necrosis and bone fracture in clinical treatment and has the advantages of good treatment effect and no side effect.


Aiming at heterogeneous and low permeable reservoir in Xinghe area of Ansai oilfield,enhanced recovery with temporary plugging and acidization technology was researched.By means of laboratory experiments,performances of different temporary plugging agents were evaluated,then suitable temporary plugging agent was selected out,and the temporary plugging and acidization technology system was improved and applied in practical production,which is relevantly important to efficiently exploit Ansai oilfield.


: The zygote develops into an embryo after going through the process of organogenesis. During organogenesis, there is also the process of angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels. However, the process of angiogenesis can be hampered by several factors including the presence of foreign compounds that enter the parent body. One compound that is believed to have an angiogenesis inhibiting effect is curcumin from the turmeric rhizome simplisia. Inhibition of angiogenesis due to curcumin induction can have an impact on embryonic organogenesis in terms of embryonic body weigth and thicness so this study was conducted to determine the teratogenic effects of curcumin of turmeric rhizome simplisia on chicken embryos. This study used fifteen unincubated chicken eggs divided into three groups, the negative control group, the group injected with turmeric rhizome simplisia at a dose of 0.48 mg/gr and DMSO 2% as much as 0.25 mL, and the group injected with turmeric rhizome simplisia at a dose of 0.96 mg/gr and DMSO 2% as much as 0.25 mL. All groups were incubated for 10 days at 38 °C. The parameters measured were embryo body weight use digital scales and measurement of the body thicness with calipers. The results showed that the turmeric rhizome simplisia at dose of 0,48,mg/gr cause died in one of incubated chicken egg and at dose of 0.96 mg/gr cause two of five incubated chicken egg was died. The left eggs from group of dose 0.48 mg/gr and 0.98 mg/gr have decreased of body weight and thicness compared with negative control group. It was showed that turmeric rhizome simplicial in this doses have effect in decrease body weight and thickness of chicken embryos.


522 Background: ADJUVANT! (ADJ! [JCO 2001;19:980-91]) is a computer model which predicts 10-yr overall (OS), breast cancer-specific (BCSS) and event-free (EFS) survival with and without systemic therapy using recognised prognostic factors. Oncologists use it to provide information to patients about prognosis and treatment choice. ADJ! has not been independently validated despite widespread use.

METHODS
Demographic, pathology, staging and treatment data on 4,083 women with pT1-2, pN0-1 breast cancer referred to the BC Cancer Agency during 1989-1993 were entered into ADJ! 10-yr predicted (pred) OS, BCSS and EFS were calculated for each patient. Breast Cancer Outcomes Unit observed (obs) status at 10 years (disease event yes/no; alive; dead of disease; dead of other cause) was independently determined for each patient. ADJ! pred and BCOU obs rates were compared. Study subject pathologic characteristics were: 66% pT1, 34% pN1, 58% ER+, 37% grade 3 and 36% with lymphovascular invasion (LVI+). Three percent were age 20-35 years, 9.7% were age >75 years. Systemic therapy was: none=45%, tamoxifen (TAM) alone=30%, chemo (CT) alone=16% and CT+TAM=9%.

RESULTS
Across all 4083 patients, 10-yr pred and obs outcomes were within +/- 1% for OS (pred=71.7%, obs=72%), BCSS (pred=83.2%, obs=82.5%) and EFS (pred=71%, obs=70.1%). ADJ! overestimated EFS in women ≤ 35 yrs (pred=67.9%, obs=54.3%; p<0.002) and with LVI+ disease (pred=66.5%, obs=62.3%, p<0.001). ADJ! predicted BCSS and EFS rates within +/- 2% for patients not receiving systemic therapy or receiving TAM alone. ADJ! overestimated EFS with CT (pred=65%, obs=61.3%; p=0.056) and especially with combined CT+TAM (pred=68.1%, obs=61.7%; p=0.012).

CONCLUSIONS
Overall, ADJ! performed reliably. Two factors to be added to future revisions of ADJ! were identified: age ≤ 35 and LVI+. ADJ! was overly optimistic about the outcomes of combined CT+TAM (by about 5% absolute) for OS, BCSS and EFS. Validation in large population-based databases like the BCOU, supports the translation of prediction models into practice. Supported in part by the Canadian Breast Cancer Research Alliance. [Table: see text].


My object in the following paper is to give a brief account of the wild tribes dwelling in the tract of country lying between the Brahmaputra and the Kaiendwen, Namtonai, or Ningthi, as it is indifferently called, the great western branch of the Irrawaddy. I shall not attempt to give any description of the manners and customs of these tribes, but shall confine myself to indicating the localities which they inhabit, their probable numbers, their principal villages, and the names by which they are known among themselves and to the people of the plains; this last is very important, as many instances have occurred where inquirers working in different parts of the same country have described what is essentially one and the same tribe under different names, and the result has been that people residing at a distance have in more than one instance supposed them to be distinct tribes.


The mechanical characteristics of electrochemically deposited copper coatings have been examined by application of two hardness composite models: the Chicot-Lesage (C-L) and the Cheng-Gao (C-G) models. The 10, 20, 40 and 60 µm thick fine-grained Cu coatings were electrodeposited on the brass by the regime of pulsating current (PC) at an average current density of 50 mA cm−2, and were characterized by scanning electron (SEM), atomic force (AFM) and optical (OM) microscopes. By application of the C-L model we determined a limiting relative indentation depth (RID) value that separates the area of the coating hardness from that with a strong effect of the substrate on the measured composite hardness. The coating hardness values in the 0.9418–1.1399 GPa range, obtained by the C-G model, confirmed the assumption that the Cu coatings on the brass belongs to the "soft film on hard substrate" composite hardness system. The obtained stress exponents in the 4.35–7.69 range at an applied load of 0.49 N indicated that the dominant creep mechanism is the dislocation creep and the dislocation climb. The obtained mechanical characteristics were compared with those recently obtained on the Si(111) substrate, and the effects of substrate characteristics such as hardness and roughness on the mechanical characteristics of the electrodeposited Cu coatings were discussed and explained.


The photo-responsive bis(crown ether)(1) acts as a mediator for (i) photo-controlled, selective ion-extraction and (ii) acceleration and decelaration of ion-transport rates by light.


Prominent among bird groups possessing highly developed cooperative social systems are the New World jays (Brown 1974). Recent studies by Brown (1972) of Aphelocoma ultramarina and Woolfenden (1973, 1975) of Aphelocoma coerulescens coerulescens have revealed a high degree of sociality in those forms. Cooperative breeding also occurs among the blackand-blue jays of the subgenus Cissilopha (genus Cyanocorax, fide Hardy 1969), as recently shown by Hardy (1976) for the northern form of the San Blas Jay, Cyanocorax sanblasiana nelsoni, of western Mexico and Bushycrested Jay, C. melanocyanea, of Central American highlands. As our results presented here will demonstrate, the Yucatan Jay, C. yucatanica, is also highly social and a cooperative breeder.


2014 We have developed a compact and relatively inexpensive laser source at 03BB =1.083 03BCm, suitable for optical pumping in helium. The laser is made of an LNA crystal transversely pumped by krypton arc lamps. A cw power of 800 mW has been achieved at 1.083 03BCm with a 3 GHz bandwidth. A 66 % nuclear polarization has been obtained in a 3He gas. Revue Phys. Appl. 24 (1989) 827-831 AOÛT 1989,


The e-book represents the new frontier of the modern libraries. The Library of the Catholic University of Piacenza, form years careful to the innovations that can carry new advantages for users, has planned to equip itself with some databases including numerous e-books. From academic year 2005-2006 users can access to a database with fifty electronic books about economic, legal and scientific matters.


The paper presents the application of heat-pipes energy conservation. After a short description
of the function the heat pipes and heat-pipe heat exchangers examples are given
of heat-pipe applications in waste-heat recovery, solar collectors and heat-accumulators.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dissection of submucosal lesions in the digestive tract by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) assisted hook-knife. Methods 9 cases of gastric or colonic submucosal lesions which were diagnosed by EUS and 1.5 to 3.1 cm in diameter were dissected by a hood-knife after submucosal injections and identification of the dissected extent using EUS. Results 8 of 9 cases were successfully dissected but the remaining 1 was dissected incompletely. 4 cases occurred bleeding during the procedure; 3 of them ceased after electrocautery and one had to use a titanium clip. No perforation was found in all the cases. All of the patients were followed by gastrointestinal endoscopy and EUS on weeks 4 to 8 and no recurrence and long-term complications were detected. Conclusions EUS assisted hook-knife is effective and safe in dissecting submucosal lesions of the digestive tract.


Objective
To understand career awareness and employee willingness of the low- grade nursing students(first grade and second grade)in Sino- German nursing college, analyze enlightenment of Germany Nursing Education to us.

Methods
U-sing self- designed questionnaire, the questionnaire survey was divided into three sections: 1) general information of the nursing students; 2) nursing students awareness of the nursing profession; 3) nursing students'employment willingness in future.

Results
The low-grade nursing students awareness'level of Chinese college was lower than that of Germany(P 0.01), but the willingness to continue in the nursing profession, the domestic low- grade nursing students were lower than those of Germany(P< 0.01).

Conclusions
The awareness and employment willingness of domestic low- grade nursing college students are significantly lower than those of Germany, domestic nursing education should strengthen awareness of the nursing profession, effectively guiding the nursing students to participate in nursing professional to avoid the loss and shortage of nursing talents in future.

Key words:
Sino-German college; Low-grade nursing students; Career awareness


This article describes the process of creating a model that helps determine the software development life cycle model on the basis of on initial software requirements. The choice of a software life cycle model is an important stage that determines the entire development structure and, subsequently, the quality of the project. To determine the LC model, the following factors are taken into account: various initial requirements for the devised software and organizational processes of the development company. Based on these factors, a model is built that allows you to determine the software life cycle model using queries and answers to them. The model is built in the BPSim system, an open specification that provides a wide range of functionalities for modeling business processes. The solution is based on a solution search diagram - this is an approach based on frame concepts and conceptual graphs, proposed by A. N. Shvetsov and implemented in the BPsim.MSN system. This approach affords you to (in the form of a flow chart) describe the course of solving the problem visually - a sequence of procedure calls (daemon methods) from one frame to another. Thus, the use of a sequence diagram allows us to describe a scenario for solving a problem in which frames are processed by calling methods.


The lateral magnocellular nucleus (LM) contains the largest neurons in the rabbit thalamus, yet its cortical connections have not been described. This study evaluates the architecture, cingulate cortical connections, and spontaneous rate of neuronal discharges in LM. At its maximal mediolateral extent in coronal sections, LM underlies the laterodorsal and lateroposterior nuclei. It has a short medial and long lateral limb, both of which have high levels of cytochrome oxidase activity. On the basis of horseradish peroxidase and fluorescent dye injections, LM projects primarily to area 29 and posterior area 24. Projections to area 29d are topographically organized so that the medial limb of LM projects to rostral area 29d, mid levels of LM where the limbs join project to midlevels of area 29d and lateral parts of the lateral limb project to posterior area 29d. It is mainly the midportion of the lateral and medial limbs that projects to areas 29b and 29c. The anterior parts of these areas receive input from dorsal parts of LM, whereas posterior levels of these areas receive input from ventral LM. The midregion of LM also projects to caudal area 24. Injections of 3H‐amino acids into area 29d anterogradely label neuronal processes in LM. Finally, single unit electrophysiological recordings from LM in halothane‐anesthetized rabbits showed a unique pattern of spontaneous discharges. Over 70% of the LM neurons cycled through a number of different phases with a mean ± S.E.M. peak discharge rate of 31 ± 4.7 Hz. This high rate contrasts with the 17.6 ± 3.2 Hz rate for neurons that maintained a constant rate of discharge and the 7.5 ± 1.3 Hz rate of discharges for neurons in nuclei dorsal and ventral to LM.


Copper (Cu) precipitation behaviors in p-type conventional Czochralski (CZ) and nitrogen-doped Czochralski (NCZ) silicon have been comparatively investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy. Within the CZ silicon, the Cu precipitates exhibited as spheres with size of about 100 nm and generated stress in the matrix. In this case, they were preferentially delineated as etching pits. On the other hand, within the NCZ silicon, the Cu precipitates were revealed as colonies in which spherelike Cu precipitates with sizes of 10–30 nm assembled on and around the climbing dislocations. As a result, they were preferentially etched as aggregated rods. The formation of Cu precipitate colonies in NCZ silicon was explained in terms of the effect of large grown-in oxygen precipitates on Cu precipitation.