Discretized fluid solvers coupled to a Newtonian dynamics method are a popular tool to study suspension flow. As any simulation technique with finite resolution, the lattice Boltzmann method, when coupled to discrete particles using the momentum exchange method, resolves the diverging lubrication interactions between surfaces near contact only insufficiently. For spheres, it is common practice to account for surface-normal lubrication forces by means of an explicit correction term. A method that additionally covers all further singular interactions for spheres is present in the literature as well as a link-based approach that allows for more general shapes but does not capture non-normal interactions correctly. In this paper, lattice-independent lubrication corrections for aspherical particles are outlined, taking into account all leading divergent interaction terms. An efficient implementation for arbitrary spheroids is presented and compared to purely normal and link-based models. Good consistency with Stokesian dynamics simulations of spheres is found. The non-normal interactions affect the viscosity of suspensions of spheres at volume fractions \Phi >= 0.3 but already at \Phi >= 0.2 for spheroids. Regarding shear-induced diffusion of spheres, a distinct effect is found at 0.1 <= \Phi <= 0.5 and even increasing the resolution of the radius to 8 lattice units is no substitute for an accurate modeling of non-normal interactions.


Since ages females are looked upon as daughters, wives, mother, and comrade. She plays all the vital roles with great efficiency. In our country, when a girl reaches puberty, talking to her about the changes that would take place in her body is still considered a taboo. When the girl matures and enters the role of a wife, she is then expected to take care of her family and husband and satisfy everyone's needs and demands. As age advances she again reaches an important stage that brings many changes in her physical and mental state, the MENOPAUSE stage. She is unaware of the happenings and is in a stage of dilemma. The word itself is a stigma and not a much openly discussed topic. Every woman in her journey of life, when reaches late 40s becomes a victim of menopause. At this stage the woman starts ageing, catches fatigue and complains of low energy. The menstrual cycle becomes irregular, hormonal variations occur, depression, mood swings become common and women are now exposed to a host of new diseases, of which diabetes, hypertension and cancer are very common. Many women neglect this phase and become victims. Support of every family member and society is needed. But it is very alarming and surprising that this much needed support is missing. The society does not want to hear this silent suffering voice of women. This paper is an attempt to create awareness about it and help women lead a happy, normal life after her menopause.


São Paulo (SP), the most important citrus producing state in Brazil, has suffered from the attack of several pests and diseases, which has largely increased the costs of fruit production. Huanglongbing (HLB), associated with two Candidatus Liberibacter species and a phytoplasma, is currently the most serious of these epidemics. Control measures include elimination of symptomatic trees, insecticide application against the insect vector Diaphorina citri, and planting of healthy trees produced in screened nurseries. Elimination of symptomatic trees has been mandatory since 2005, one year after the first report of HLB in the State, but has not been adopted rigorously by all farmers. Consequently, the disease has spread and today is present in all commercial citrus growing regions of SP. The last of a series of field surveys carried out in 2009, indicates that HLB is present in 24% of the 96 thousand blocks and affects 0.87% of the estimated 214 million trees growing in the State. The Center and South of SP are the most affected regions with higher rates of disease progress. Although in several farms rigorous control measures for HLB control have been adopted, continual progress of the disease epidemic in the State has created apprehension. More efforts should be expended on field inspection and symptomatic tree removal and, due to the neighbor effect, more cooperation must occur among growers whose properties are in areas affected by the disease. Citriculture in São Paulo State In Brazil, citrus is commercially produced in all geographic regions but the states of major importance are São Paulo (SP), Bahia, Sergipe, Minas Gerais, and Paraná, located in the southeast and northern regions of the country. The total citrus area in 2007 was estimated to be 900 thousand hectares, Around 70% of this total are planted in SP (Anonymous 2008), where the majority of the approximately 200 million trees are "Valência", "Natal", "Pêra" and "Hamlin" sweet oranges. Close to 80% of all harvested fruits are destined for four major industries that produce 1.35 million tons of concentrated orange juice for export mainly to European, North American and Asian countries. The remaining 20% of the fruit are sold in natura in the local markets (Boteon and Neves 2005). In 2007, the country was responsible, respectively, for 40% and 60% of all citrus fruits and orange juice produced in the world (Neves et al, 2007). The citrus business is valued at 5.6 billion US dollars yearly and generates more than 400,000 jobs. The large spatial and long temporal extent of susceptible tissues, and the low genetic variability of commercial citrus varieties have made the SP citriculture vulnerable to several pest and pathogen epidemics. The recurring outbreaks have necessitated the implementation of strict disease prevention and phytosanitation measures, such as the production of young trees with certified disease free budwood in screened nurseries. These practices protect young trees from graft transmitted and insect vectored pathogens. In addition to use of disease-free trees for new plantings, orchards are inspected for identification and elimination of disease-affected trees, or to identify the need for insecticide and fungicide controls. Frequent orchard inspections and pesticide applications have increased production costs considerably. Among the diseases that historically have caused severe losses are the citrus tristeza, citrus leprosis, citrus canker, citrus black spot, citrus variegated chlorosis, citrus sudden death, and, most recently, huanglongbing (HLB).


Abstract The heat capacities of seven anthracene-carbazole alloys within the homogeneity range of the ordered α′ phase, which extends from 1.5 to 24.5 pet carbazole at room temperature, have been determined over the temperature range 180 to 440 K. At all temperatures, the maximum heat capacity occurred for the 10 pet carbazole alloy. The difference between the enthalpies, and between the entropies, of the alloys and a mixture of the component compounds at 400 K and dilatometry measurements on the 10 pct carbazole alloy indicate that the stability of the α′alloys, with respect to the components, is associated with an increase in vibrational entropy due to a volume change. Heat capacity measurements on quenched and isothermally annealed crystals of a 1.75 pct carbazole alloy give an activation energy of 29.3 kJ mole−1 for the transformation of disordered α to ordered α′ phase. Single crystals of the 1.75 pct carbazole alloys were prepared in the α and α′ condition. The critical resolved shear stress for sli...


Spectroscopic evidence (e.s.r.) has been obtained to show that the spin-adduct of a radical ·CX2Y (where X is Cl or Br) with nitrosobutane is converted into a carbonyl nitroxide (YC:O)N(But)O·. A radical mechanism is outlined which can accommodate this.When Y in the carbonyl nitroxide is F, Cl, or Br, it can be displaced by methanol, ethanol, or dimethylamine to give alkoxycarbonyl or aminocarbonyl nitroxides. The structure of these is compared with that of vinyl nitroxides.Attempts to trap propenyl radicals from crotonyl peroxide using nitrosobutane led to a dialkyl nitroxide tentatively formulated as (7).


The relationship between planting density and branch-trunk growth was studied in 'Starking Delicious' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) that grafted on M.9, M.26, M.7 and MM. 106 and grown under a no pruning system. The increase in tree spread began to be controlled from age 6 in 3, 178 trees-ha-1, age 8 in 1, 185 trees-ha-1 and age 9 in 623 trees -ha-1; these controls occurred when the canopy overlapped that of the neighbouring tree by 1 m. Tree height increased as the planting density increased. The height/spread ratio of 3, 178 trees · ha-1 increased from 1.32 at age 6 to 1.56 at age 11, whereas that of 330 trees-ha-1 decreased annually. Significant negative correlations were found between tree spread and height independent of the rootstock. On all rootstocks, the branch dry weight and trunk dry weight per tree decreased as planting density increased. The relationships between planting density (ρ) and branch dry weight per tree (σ) or trunk dry weight per tree (τ) can be represented by the following reciprocal equations: 1/σ=Aσρ+Bσ····(1) or 1/τ=Aτρ+Bτ····(2), where Aσ, Bσ, Aτ and Bτ depend on the tree age and the rootstock. The relationships between trunk cross-sectional area (θ) and branch dry weight per tree (σ) or trunk dry weight per tree (τ) can be represented by the following relative growth equations: σ=H1 θ ····(5) or τ=H2 θ ····(6), where H1, h1, H2 and h2 depend on rootstock. The relationship between branch dry weight per hectare (σ^-) and planting density (ρ) can be represented by the following equation obtained from equations (5), (7) and (8): σ^-=H1 ρ/(Aρ+B) ····(9), where A and B depend on age and rootstock as above. The relationship between trunk dry weight per hectare (τ^-) and ρ can be represented by the following equation derived from equations (6), (7) and (10):τ^-=H2 ρ/(Aρ+B) -····(11). Equations (9) and (11) revealed that trunk dry weight per hectare increases, but branch dry weight per hectare reaches a constant level as planting density increases.


The forum guest editor Ryan Bisel in this issue takes on the topic of big data and presents a round table that grew out of a conference panel. Five scholars engage in a discussion of the social and cultural trend of big data and implications to qualitative organizational communication research. The contributors respond to questions and delve into a number of issues, from theoretical, to institutional, to operational, to practical, by sharing thoughts and experiences about definition, assumptions, theory building, execution at every stage of a big data project and reflections beforehand and afterward.


The new advanced information systems for measuring and processing electrocardiographic signals should offer high performance when works with the user devices. The report proposes a new method for determining time interval cardiac series that can be used for continuous Holter monitoring records, due to its good speed and sufficiently high localization accuracy for cardiac QRS complexes (typical configuration of three local peaks in the standard cardiology record). The proposed method is applicable to wearable healthcare devices. Some wavelet basis for wavelet transform of studied signal and several levels of decomposition have been investigated. The use of a biorthogonal wavelet spline basis (four levels for decomposition) is obtained the best evaluation characteristics. The proposed method is applied and evaluated on real 24-hour Holter records obtained during cardiac monitoring. The obtained values of the parameters Sensitivity and Positive Prediction of 99.88% and 99.84%, respectively and Detection Error Rate of 0.22% show high accuracy of the detection algorithm, which is a guarantee for making good forecasts based on further analysis of the input data. The obtained results are compared with the well-known wavelet-based QRS detectors in research works in this area.


Summary form only given. Increased performance of high-power laser-diodes, decline in laser-diode-power cost, development of new lasing materials, progress on key optical components, and novel pulse-compression techniques enable the design of efficient petawatt-class amplifiers based on diode-pumped chirped-pulse amplification technology. New research in high-field plasma physics, laser-pumped X-ray sources, laser fusion, particle accelerators and generators, as well as astro-physics is envisioned. We have developed laser-diode bars for long pulse pumping that deliver more than 200 W peak-power at almost 50% electrical to optical efficiency. Progress in semiconductor technology, heat-sink design, and diode packaging ensures safe pulsed operation for the required lifetime at driving currents of more than 220 A.. The system design of POLARIS (Petawatt Optical Laser Amplifier for Radiation Intensive Experiments) and supporting data is presented, and the prospects and scaleability of diode-pumped high-power laser-technology discussed. The front-end consisting of a Ti:sapphire oscillator, a low-aberration stretcher, and a regenerative amplifier delivers 1 mJ in 2 ns pulses with 14 nm band width centered at 1035 nm.


Students of any subject in a university are generally required to produce some writings during their study. The students have to consider the cohesion and coherence of their writing. This study aims to identify the occurrences of cohesive devices in academic papers, including the frequency, and to examine the influence of inappropriate uses of cohesive devices on coherence. It uses types of cohesion proposed by Halliday and Hasan (1976) to explore the use of cohesive devices and the theory on micro and macro coherence proposed by van Dijk (1997) to examine the coherence. It is qualitative research since it is descriptive: describing the use of cohesive devices and the influence of inappropriate uses of cohesive devices on coherence. The data of this study was introduction sections of 32 academic papers produced for Academic Writing and Presentation (AWP) course which was held in the odd semester in 2009/2010. This study produces several main findings. First, all types of cohesive devices occur, of which the order from the most to the least used is as follows: reiteration, reference, conjunction, collocation, ellipsis, and substitution. Second, lexical cohesive devices are more dominant than grammatical cohesive devices because much elaboration of ideas in expository writing generally depends heavily on the effective use of various lexical devices. Third, of reiteration, repetition is the most used, which suggests the main topic and may indicate students' limited vocabulary. Fourth, few cohesive devices are used inappropriately, but they do not make the introduction sections incoherent.


This article provides a synthesizing overview of the roles of students in higher education governance in Europe. We first review the existing literature on student involvement in higher education governance in order to locate the contribution of this special issue of Tertiary Education and Management. Second, we summarize the key findings of the five articles on the selected European countries gathered in this issue. In the third part of the article, we outline the main commonalities and contrasts between the countries. Finally, we discuss the controversies surrounding student participation in higher education governance and their grounding in the competing visions of higher education.


Executive functions are multidimensional cognitive processes, which are provided by prefrontal cortex of the brain and are involved in initiation and regulation of goal-oriented behavior. Current studies are showing that changes in executive functioning can be predictive for alcohol consumption, which, considering high social significance of unsafe alcohol use and dependence, determines the importance of the research on this issue. Results presented in this paper were obtained through validated methods for executive function assessment on a sample of 133 people with varied drinking experience, including 41 people with safe alcohol use and 92 with a diagnosed alcohol dependence. The study showed that people with alcohol dependence had significant changes in executive functions indicators, including those of cognitive control, cognitive flexibility, attention, and working memory, which were not observed in people with safe alcohol use. Changes in executive functions of people with alcohol dependence were found to be heterogeneous – 43.5 % of the surveyed with alcohol dependence had more pronounced impairments in attention with a fourfold increase in switching errors, which were also associated with higher impulsivity, non-adaptive emotional coping and a shorter remission. Results on the heterogeneity of executive functions in people with alcohol dependence expand the understanding of executive functioning and its dynamics in adulthood under the influence of various factors. Associations of pronounced attention impairments in alcohol dependence with impulsivity, emotional coping, and the duration of remission may advance psychological intervention including diagnostic and rehabilitation methods.


The Austrian Civil Code (ABGB), which was in force in the districts of the courts based in Lvov and Krakow in the Interwar period, stipulated the principle of freedom of testing by the testator. That freedom, however, could harm the inheritance rights of the persons who were the nearest to the testator. The institution protecting the rights of these persons was the legitimate share which they were entitled to as heirs-at-law. The basis to assess the height of the legitim was the size of inheritance. However, while estimating thelegitimate share, donations which the heirs-at-law (persons entitled to the legitim), heirs and legatees had received from testators were taken into consideration as well. The ABGB provided that in the case where the legitim which the heirs-at-law were entitled to was depleted (not at full height) they could demand completion of it. Questions concerning which donations were taken into account and which were not while estimating the height of the legitim due to different practices in this respect were the subject of many courts' adjudgments. The jurisprudence in this sphere was not uniform. It stipulated compensation of the depleted legitimate share both in kind (in the form of proportional part of the donation) and as a financial benefit, with time evolving towards the latter to a greater and greater extent.


Abstract : Information Object Modeling is a technique for developing specification models for systems. The techniques for building Information Object Models were adapted from techniques of real-time structured analysis and the Foxboro company's experience in specifying and developing real-time process control systems. An Information Object Model (IOM) is organized to provide levels of information for different audiences, so that one document can meet the needs of different people. A mission statement describes the scope of the system. An overview of the system describes the major functional objects. Finally, each functional object is discussed in detail. The modeling techniques for an IOM use the graphical techniques of real-time structured analysis, including transformation diagrams (data flow plus control flow), state transition diagrams, and entity relationship diagrams. Transformation diagrams, however, are applied in a different manner, representing the communication of objects organized hierarchically rather than a functional decomposition of processes. This report introduces the IOM methodology, explains what an Information Object Model is, and provides guidance on developing and reviewing diagrams as part of such models. The report also discusses the brief, yet intense history of a government-run experiment using the Information Object Modeling methodology.


Abstract : The main objective of this research is to examine the capabilities and limitations of wireless sensor networks with a focus on applications in an operational Air Force setting. The topography of such networks can be varied to suit applications across the spectrum of military operations. Sensor networks have certain inherent advantages, such as scalability, inconspicuousness, self-healing capability, and deployability. Possible uses include perimeter monitoring, mine field detection, aircraft health, search and rescue, target location, and others. Despite such potential capabilities, much study is needed to ensure their feasibility and utility. There are issues relating to network structure, data flow, power supplies, and methods of deployment. This paper covers some likely USAF applications and the unique problems which must be overcome. Implemented smartly, these devices can provide a new source of information in the ever-changing realm of information warfare, and can significantly improve the real-time battlespace picture.


English Abstract: 1. In recent years, self-regulation of industry has become commonplace in many regions and policy fields. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives in general and reporting schemes in particular are increasingly accepted as means of corporate governance. In the broad and varied research on CSR several leading streams can be identified: (a) CSR theory building defining CSR and explaining its emergence of CSR. (b) a related strand of normative research dedicated to the benefits and drawbacks of CSR activities; (c) reporting, performance, and advancing of tools for measurement and assessment of CSR; and (d) empirical investigation of factors and mechanisms that bring about CSR performance at firms. Our study belongs to the latter stream.2. We construct a multilevel explanatory model, combining interdisciplinary strands of CSR research aimed at assessing the causes and mechanisms effecting CSR performance at firms. Our model includes four levels of analysis. (a) The institutional level examines the effects of institutional pressures from regulators and external stakeholders. (b) The organizational layer examines corporate culture, various characteristics of industrial profile, and role of management. (c) The individual level looks at the positions and attitudes of employees toward their respective companies and managers. We address job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior. (d) The performance level deals with CSR practices, behaviors, and outcomes. CSR performance is assessed through the construction of a set of scales incorporating six thematic areas of CSR: economic, environmental, social, labor relations, product responsibility, and corporate governance.3. We test the model in the rather CSR-arid setting of the Israeli industrial sector. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first attempt to empirically study CSR in Israel. Israeli industries are generally perceived as lagging behind global CSR 3 reporting trends,1 and as such may provide a unique view of both the possibilities of CSR and the barriers to its adoption. Moreover, the regulatory environment in Israel does not place overt pressure on the industrial community to adopt beyond-compliance measures, and demands from various stakeholders, such as the banking and insurance industries, are not sufficiently evolved.4. The model, tested in the unique setting of the Israeli industrial sector, highlights the importance of both outer and inner environments of firms (through the different levels of the model) in advancing CSR performance. It allows us to discern the influencing factors from the weaker links that do not contribute significantly to the advancement of CSR at industrial firms in Israel.5. The institutional level has been found to be weak in relation to both stakeholders and dominant Israeli regulators. Although some stakeholder groups are more influential than others (e.g., customers and employees relative to financial institutions), the effect of the stakeholders as a whole on performance is low to null. This is partially explained by the fact that stakeholders' demands for CSR are not clearly articulated or sufficiently encompassing to be understood widely as indeed referring to CSR. Regulators assessed at the institutional level (the Ministry of Environmental Protection and The Ministry of Economics) both contribute only minimally to CSR performance. Although regulators do pressure firms in various ways, their actions (such as licensing, inspecting, monitoring, and enforcing) are focused on achieving compliance. Therefore, both their potential and actual effect on beyond-compliance CSR performance is low.6. The organizational level, which includes a variety of elements, provides mixed results with respect to mechanisms affecting CSR performance. Organizational culture is a dominant explanatory factor, but the industrial profile, which includes numerous characteristics, is not a significant one. Organizational culture, specifically goal–driven, competitive, innovative, and communitarian cultural modes are found to be highly correlated with performance. At the same time, managerial attitudes and behaviors show mixed results and moderate correlation with performance. Significant are managerial reports concerning 1 Regardless of whether reporting reflects actual performance. 4 actions taken rather than statements or perceived importance of CSR by managers. Finally, leadership styles are not differentiated in our study. Consequently, leadership is found to have only minimal explanatory power of CSR performance in the current research setting.7. Finally, the individual level is found to have the strongest explanatory value for CSR performance. Both job satisfaction and organizational commitment exhibit strong correlations with performance, whereas organizational citizenship behavior is found, contrary to expectations, to be insignificant in predicting performance.8. Research findings demonstrate the potential usefulness of a multilevel analysis of CSR, not only within the specific context of the study but on broader scale. A particularly dominant attribute of multilevel analysis is its ability to identify weak links in the mechanisms and processes that inform and promote CSR. Multilevel analysis facilitates a holistic view of both the firm's internal and external environments, making possible a solid comparative analysis that takes into account the variations in contextual settings. As such, the model can prove useful in identifying and comparing the mechanisms that are deficient or not fully developed in different contexts, taking into account variations in the identity and profile of businesses and sectors, as well as the national or local context.תקציר בעברית: במחקר חלוצי וניסיוני על אחריות תאגידית (Corporate Social Responsibility – CSR) בתעשייה הישראלית, נבדק מודל לניבוי גורמים להתנהגות אחראית (או בלתי אחראית) של תאגידים. אחריות תאגידית נמדדה בשבעה תחומים: אחריות כלכלית, אחריות סביבתית, אחריות ביחסי עבודה וניהול משאבי אנוש, אחריות חברתית, אחריות למוצר, ממשל תאגידי ותוכניות התנדבותיות. מנבאים פוטנציאליים, אשר זוהו לפי הספרות המחקרית נערכו במודל רב-ממדי בעל שלושה רבדים: הרובד המוסדי השפעת האסדרה (רגולציה) והשפעת בעלי עניין; רובד ארגוני- עצמת המנהיגות בארגון, תרבות ארגונית עמדות והתנהגות מנהלים בארגון ביחס לאחריות תאגידית ומגוון מאפייני פרופיל ארגוני כגון תחרותיות בשוק, מוכוונות ליצוא, מיקום גיאוגרפי ועוד; רובד אישי- מחויבות עובדים לארגון, שביעות רצון של עובדים והתנהגות אזרחית ארגונית. בניתוח סטטיסטי (המוצג בדוח ראשוני) נמצא שלרובד המוסדי כושר ניבוי נמוך של אחריות תאגידית. לרגולטורים בחברות התעשייה שנחקרו (משרד הכלכלה ומשרד הגנת הסביבה) ישנן דרישות רגולטוריות וכוח אכיפה המופעל כלפי המפעלים והמכוון להשגת ציות. ואולם, נראה שהגורם המוסדי הזה אינו מצליח להשפיע באופן ממשי על אחריות תאגידית, המתבטאת ברובה, בהתנהגות שהיא מעבר לציות. בעלי העניין, אף הם, משפיעים רק מעט על ביצועי האחריות התאגידית, ככל הנראה מאחר שדרישותיהם מהתאגיד אינן נוגעות לאחריות תאגידית. למשתני הרובד הארגוני השפעה מעורבת על ביצועי האחריות התאגידית. בולטת בהשפעתה הרבה היא התרבות הארגונית - במיוחד דפוסי תרבות מכווני מטרה, חדשנות, תחרותיות וקהילתיות, שנמצאו כקשורים לאחריות תאגידית. לבסוף, לרובד האישי כושר ניבוי משמעותי. מחויבות ארגונית ושביעות רצון מהעבודה נמצאו בעלי מתאם גבוה עם ביצועי אחריות תאגידית. לממצאים של המחקר יש משמעות תיאורטית והשוואתית ביחס למדינות אחרות, אך גם משמעות מעשית ויישומית. עם זאת, נדרשים מחקרים נוספים ובהיקפים גדולים יותר כדי לבסס את מסקנות המחקר הראשוני מסוגו בישראל.


The ideological and political work in current situation must be innovated, and the innovation should be aimed at the changeable acceptors and the demand of the era, make full use of the mutual effect of education, management and service, and above all, investigate the acceptors psychologically.


Wind turbines have been subjected to alternating loads for a long time, and the working environment is harsh, and their performance gradually deteriorates over time. Therefore, it is very necessary to understand the operating status of each component of the wind turbine unit through detailed evaluation of its performance through the monitoring data of the wind turbine unit.This paper designs and develops a wind turbine performance analysis software system based on the related business processes and functional requirements of wind farms. The system can calculate all the indicators related to wind farm and generating capacity, lost electricity and performance of wind farm, helping operators and analysts to achieve more comprehensive, in-depth and professional performance analysis of wind farm, so as to achieve the purpose of intelligent operation and maintenance of enterprises.


This article expounds the designs and implementations of hardware and software for industrial double Ethernet interface based on AT89S52 microcontroller and AX88796L Ethernet controller used for some kind of radar.


(Abridged) In this first paper of a series, we report the creation of large and well-defined database that combines extensive new measurements and a literature search of 3876 supernovae (SNe) and their 3679 host galaxies located in the sky area covered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 8 (DR8). This database should be much larger than previous ones, and should contain a homogenous set of global parameters of SN hosts, including morphological classifications and measures of nuclear activity. The measurements of apparent magnitudes, diameters (D25), axial ratios (b/a), and position angles (PA) of SN host galaxies were made using the images extracted from the SDSS g-band. For each host galaxy, we analyzed RGB images of the SDSS to accurately measure the position of its nucleus to provide the SDSS name. With these images, we also provide the host galaxy's morphological type, and note if it has a bar, a disturbed disk, and whether it is part of an interacting or merging system. In addition, the SDSS nuclear spectra were analyzed to diagnose the central power source of the galaxies. Special attention was paid to collect accurate data on the spectroscopic classes, coordinates, offsets of SNe, and heliocentric redshifts of the host galaxies. The creation of this large database will help to better understand how the different types of SNe are correlated with the properties of the nuclei and global physical parameters of the host galaxies, and minimize possible selection effects and errors that often arise when data are selected from different sources and catalogs.


Abstract The adaptive multivariate EWMA (MEWMA) charts have been widely recognized as an efficient process monitoring tool because of their ability to quickly respond against the shift of various sizes. In this paper, an adaptive MEWMA (AMEWMA) chart is proposed for monitoring the simple linear profile. In addition, new MEWMA and AMEWMA charts are also proposed to monitor the multivariate simple linear profile. The run length characteristics of these control charts are computed using the Monte Carlo simulation method. A detailed comparative study is conducted to compare the detection abilities of the proposed and existing charts when detecting different shifts in the parameters of the univariate and multivariate simple linear profiles. It is found that the AMEWMA chart performs substantially better than the existing charts. An example is given to explain the implementation of the AMEWMA chart.


There is a developing literature on the immense topic of the relationship between the academy and the polity. One aspect of the subject, which has been relatively obscured in the shock of recognition that academics are in fact directly linked to policy research and to the whole policy-making government apparatus, is considered: the sociology of how academics view politicians and how the politicians view academicians. This study is based on research conducted in 1965 on academic participation in Project Camelot, sponsored by the Special Operations Research Office of the Defense Department; and in 1968, on those participating in the Special Panel Report on the Social and Behavioral Sciences of the Defense Science Board. The results present a collective profile of the interaction network between academics and politicians, revealing how these human encounters and ideological blends provide an understanding of the more general relation between the academy and the polity. Focus is placed on the problem areas key to both groups: First, the social scientists perceive problems related to (a) the financial structure of contracts and grants; (b) the norm of secrecy and data availability; (c) dual allegiance, i.e., how government work intrudes upon the autonomy of a science; (d) boundary maintenance between heuristic and normative aspects of applied research; and finally, (e) the payoffs and liabilities of intense involvement in social research for the government. Second, as perceived by the politicians, the problems appear different, if not dissonant: (a) the excessive demands by social scientists on funds without practical utilization; (b) the absence of any system for ensuring that results obtained in research are usable, i.e., the gap between proposal and fulfillment; (c) the demand for differential treatment on grounds other than those accorded other government employees; (d) the social scientists' demand for elite accessibility to recommendations that tend to bypass normal political channels of communicating; and (e) the high degree of marginal supplement employment of social scientists in contrast to other federal governmental sectors. In conclusion, the proposals offered for improving the interaction between academicians and politicians, which range from suggested rupture of the two groups to a complete merger in the policyscience approach, are examined.


Water addition has direct impact on castables and needs to be under control placement and properties, In this work, two rheological properties, flow resistance and torque viscosity, have been measured against time, with different water addition in the same bauxile-based LC Castable mix. The flow resistance indicates the mobility, whereas the torque viscosity dictates the stability of a castable during installation. It has been observed that with 6.0wt% water addition, such a mix possesses good vibration castable characteristics; with 6.5 wt%, it shows good self-flow castable characteristics; and with 7.0 wt%, it can be a good pumpable castable, in every case with comparable mechanical properties. While with 7.5 wt% water addition, the properties of such castable are definitively impaired.


ables could interfere (possibly as many as in the response to drugs) . Yet, it has been repeatedly shown by our and other laboratories that this behavior associates with consistent changes in the release and metabolism of dopamine and other transmitters in the nucleus accumbens and other brain areas (see Fumero et al ., 1994, and references therein), as this study further illustrates . These consistencies constitute the basis of the growing field of behavioral neurochemistry .


A multifunctional and time-agile system combining both radar sensing and radio communication capabilities is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for 24-GHz vehicular applications. By arranging the radar sensing mode and the radio communication mode in sequential time slots, the present system can operate with the flexibility and capability of functional reconfiguration and fusion using a single transceiver platform. To further reduce cost and also increase efficiency, a 24-GHz system demonstrator has been designed based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Preliminary experiments have verified system performance. In addition to high-precision range detection, the proposed system has proved a great capability of communication at a data rate of 50 Mbps for both binary-phase-shift-keying (BPSK) and quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK). Therefore, this system is a very promising cost-effective solution for the development of 24-GHz onboard multifunctional systems.


The dianions of phenanthrene and 1,2,3,4-dibenzocyclooctatetraene have been prepared by metal reduction of the neutral compounds and characterized via the study of their 1H- and 13C-NMR. spectra. A description of the charge distribution can be achieved which is consistent with both MO-models and the spin density distribution of the corresponding radical anions. Thus, the dianion of 1,2,3,4-dibenzocyclooctatetraene appears as a π-bond delocalized species having its excess charge mainly localized in the eight membered ring.


Increased light interception is considered the main factor explaining greater yield in narrow- compared to wide-row spacing in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Controversy exists, as to when during the growth cycle the greater ligh interception of the narrow rows has an enhancing effect on yield. The objectives of this study were to analyze crop grown rate and yield components to determine the importance of greater light interception during vegetative (E-R1), early reproductive (R1-R5), and late reproductive (R5-R7) periods to increased yield in narrow-row culture. Field studies were conducted during 1989 and 1990 at a late (July) planting date with Centennial' soybean (determinate, Maturity Group VI) at row spacings of 100, 75, 50 and 25 cm (...)


Over a period of decades Constantine (Tino) Trahiotis has been a contemplative and creative scholar, an excellent teacher, a helpful collaborator, as well as a loyal friend. Tino, along with Bob Bilger and Erv Hafter, provided this author's introduction to the broader science of hearing beyond the particular perspective of my graduate training. At the same time, my attempts to interpret models of binaural interaction with Tino led to the review chapters on binaural modeling that the two of us jointly authored in the 1990s. Tino's demonstration of the unexpected dependence on bandwidth of the laterality of bands of noise presented with interaural temporal differences of large magnitude motivated me to think about the tradeoff between "straightness" and "centrality," which appears to be helpful in considering the lateralization of many binaural stimuli. Finally, Tino, along with Les Bernstein, insisted on a local implementation of my models in their laboratory which became one source (along with significant...


We have simplified the extended Jacobi elliptic function expansion method, namely, improved the modified Jacobi elliptic function expansion method. We applied this method to solve the coupled nonlinear Schr?dinger equation of Manakov type and obtained some Jacobi elliptic envelope solutions and corresponding solitary wave solution, shock wave solution.


This article discusses the need to (re)conceptualize and contextualize 'community' in tribal/Indigenous cultures and development practices. While the community has been a key concept in Indian village studies, it has been predominantly analyzed and applied in the caste structural framework of Indian society. Examining the concept in the spectrum of village studies, this article argues that the academic interest in enquiring about communities in India requires widening its scope beyond the caste framework to encompass tribal/Indigenous societies' development and cultural experiences of community life. It posits to explore the possibilities of multiple meanings of community in the scope of studying tribal village communities.


It provides the technology to meet Ryan Bang and avoid Newton ring performances sparkle resistance at the same time. For display elements front film 1 are optically functional layer 12 are laminated on a transparent substrate (11). Optically functional layer 12 is composed of a cured product of a specific curable composition. The curable composition comprises a resin minutes and the mat. The resin is to the ionizing radiation curable resin (a) and (b) The content of the ionizing radiation curing type resin in the total number of shares, and including at least one of: to 50% by weight or more than 85% by weight, (a) and (b): 15% by weight and less than 50% by weight, the matte agent is a coefficient of variation of particle size distribution of 15% or less. (A) The weight-average molecular weight of not less than 70,000, and a thermoplastic resin with a glass transition temperature of not less than 45 ℃, (B) a weight average molecular weight of not less than 70,000, and a thermosetting resin with a glass transition temperature of not less than 45 ℃.


ABSTR.ACT A case study of the difficulties associated with the design of hybrid control systems is presented. We use the Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS) architecture of [l] as our example of a hierarchical hybrid system. We point out that, even though conventional analysis tools suggest that the proposed design should fulfill certain performance requirements, the simulation results show that it does not. We consider this as an indication that the conventional tools currently in use for the design and verification of control systems may be inadequate for the design of hierarchical control of hybrid systems.


The effect of Ca" on the waveform of reactivated, isolated axonemes of Chlamy-domonas flagella was investigated. Flagella were detached and isolated by the dibucaine procedure and demembranated by treatment with the detergent Nonidet; the resulting axo-nemes lack the flagellar membrane and basal bodies. In Ca"-buffered reactivation solutions containing 10-6 M or less free Ca", the axonemes beat with a highly asymmetrical, predominantly planar waveform that closely resembled that of in situ flagella of forward swimming cells. In solutions containing 10-4 M Ca", the axonemes beat with a symmetrical waveform that was very similar to that of in situ flagella during backward swimming. In 10-5 M Ca", the axonemes were predominantly quiescent, a state that appears to be closely associated with changes in axonemal waveform or direction of beat in many organisms. Experiments in which the concentrations of free Ca" and the CaATP-complex were independently varied suggested that free Ca", not CaATP-, was responsible for the observed changes. Analysis of the flagellar ATPases associated with the isolated axonemes and the Nonidet-soluble membrane-matrix fraction obtained during preparation of the axonemes showed that the axonemes lacked the 3 .OS Ca"-activated ATPase, almost all of which was recovered in the membrane-matrix fraction. These results indicate that free Ca" binds directly to an axonemal component to alter flagellar waveform, and that neither the 3.OS CaATPase nor the basal bodies are directly involved in this change. Calcium ions play a critical role in the control of ciliary and flagellar activity during behavioral responses of a number of organisms. Changes in the internal concentration of Ca" appear to be responsible for ciliary reversal during the avoiding response of Paramecium and other ciliates (10, 11), for reversal of the direction of flagellar wave propagation during the avoiding response of the trypanosome Crithidia (19, 20), for changes in flagellar waveform during the phototactic response of the green alga Chlamydomonas (37), and for arrest of gill cilia in the mussels Elliptio (36, 43) and Mytilus (28, 41). Calcium also appears to be involved in the flagellar response during chem-otaxis of spermatozoids of the bracken fern Pteridium (5), and for maintenance of flagellar quiescence in sea urchin sperm (13, 15). Considerable information is now available on how internal Ca" levels are regulated to bring about changes in ciliary and flagellar movement. Cell physiological, electrophysiological, and genetic studies (see 9, 10, and 23 for reviews) of Parame-cium have indicated that appropriate stimulation …


The genetic structure and diversity of 15 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds was investigated using 29 microsatellite markers. The total number of birds examined was 542, on average 36 birds per breed. A total of 277 alleles (mean number 9.55 alleles per locus, ranging from 2 to 25) was observed. All populations showed high levels of heterozygosity with the lowest estimate of 0.440 for the Gushi chickens, and the highest one of 0.644 observed for Wannan Three-yellow chickens. The global heterozygote deficit across all populations (FIT) amounted to 0.180 (p<0.001). About 16% of the total genetic variability originated from differences between breeds, with all loci contributing significantly to this differentiation. An unrooted consensus tree was constructed using the Neighbour-Joining method and pair-wise distances based on marker estimated kinships. Two main groups were found. The heavy-body type populations grouped together in one cluster while the light-body type populations formed the second cluster. The STRUCTURE software was used to assess genetic clustering of these chicken breeds. Similar to the phylogenetic analysis, the heavy-body type and light-body type populations separated first. Clustering analysis provided an accurate representation of the current genetic relations among the breeds. Remarkably similar breed rankings were obtained with all methods.


The problem of image-based head pose estimation attracts intensive attention due to a large number of applications such as face analysis and attention modeling. Existing methods often convert head pose estimation into the pose classification problem, but ignored the non-stationary appearance change brought about by the equally distributed bins. This paper targets the head pose estimation problem via deep neural decision trees, where the non-linear property of the representative appearance is learned together with the bin classification probability. First, we use Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to get pose related features. Second, we apply the Fully Connected (FC) layer on the learned features to extract branch weight for each Euler angle and the representative values for each bin. Third, we employ neural decision tree on the branch weight to get bin classification probability. To explicitly characterize the relationship between the adjacent pose intervals, we embed continuity of the head angles into the tree architecture by constructing the bridge-tree. The final estimation is obtained via a weighted sum between the estimated bin probability and the representative bin values. We evaluate our methods on different public datasets including Pointing'04, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Pose, Expression, Accessory, and Lighting (CAS-PEAL) and Biwi Kinect Head Pose and find that, the proposed method outperforms as compared to state-of-the-art. Besides, we leverage the template marching based alignment for data preprocessing and demonstrate its superiority over traditional alignment methods on the task of head pose estimation.


Most researchers studying online behavior use "experience" level as a way to categorize individual differences in using the Internet. For the majority of these studies, however, experience level has been defined by time and/or frequency measurements, such as "How long have you been using the internet?"; "How much time do you spend online?"; or "How often do you use the Internet?" Two recent longitudinal studies, which report the changing online population in the United States (Cole, Suman, Schramm, Lunn & Aquino, 2003; Lenhart, Horrigan, Rainie, Allen, Boyce, Madden, & O'Grady, 2003), show that the amount of internet usage is leveling off, but that the breadth of demographic user characteristics are continuing to expand. Therefore, measuring experience level by frequency of use and longevity of use may not be truly representative. Although measures of time and frequency typically show a high correlation, the online user's experience level cannot be adequately evaluated by considering it as a single dimension. A more descriptive measure of experience might be "how" users experience the Internet rather than "how often."


Abstract While men's sexual violence against women is unarguably a social and public health issue, both nationally representative data and smaller studies tell us that rates for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer+ (LGBTQ+) individuals are equally or significantly higher. Despite this, there remains little structural support for LGBTQ + survivors. This article highlights the voices of 38 queer and trans people of color (QTPOC)-identified U.S. Southerners who have experienced sexual violence and came together across three focus groups to detail their interactions with advocates and other professionals and explore posttraumatic needs. Nearly all survivors reported that the level of awareness regarding sexual violence in their communities was limited, with most reporting that they did not successfully access mainstream services, due to concerns about homophobia, transphobia, and racism. To address sexual violence in LGBTQ + communities, survivors pointed to the importance of friendship and community networks "outside the system," knowledge sharing about LGBTQ+-specific violence tactics (e.g., threats of outing a partner), and holding batterers accountable for their behavior within LGBTQ + circles. Findings highlight the need to move beyond "culturally competent" health care by proactively engaging LGBTQ + communities in education, networking, resource sharing, and anti-violence outreach.


This paper presents an event-driven adaptive voltage scaling (AVS) system, where a vanguard collaborates with a rearguard to find a minimal supply voltage. While the vanguard is responsible for the slack cycle time estimation, the rearguard allows voltage over-scaling with a variable-latency datapath. An improved vanguard is proposed based on online static timing analysis (STA), which monitors a scalable number of critical path candidates at run time. In our simulations, the delay estimation error is within 10%, which is relatively small compared to critical path variations of prevailing multi-Vt designs in deep-submicron era. A testchip with a 32-bit tiny RISC has been fabricated with the TSMC 65nm LP process technology to demonstrate the effectiveness.


The aim of the article is to provide procedures that streamline the learning of knowledge and grammatical skills, as an essential dimension for the achievement of communicative competence in foreign languages from precise actions for the teacher and the student during the lesson. The procedures given become a methodological tool whose purpose is to constitute a didactic logic that favours the ability to understand and use in communication aspects as subjective and abstract as the grammatical categories and the formal rules of the foreign language, which pose serious difficulties to the student.


Some NERICA varieties were studied to assess their proximate composition and amylose content. These varieties include; FARO 44, FARO 52, FARO 57, FARO 60, and FARO 61. Results obtained showed that the proximate composition were recorded as, ash content; 0.84 to 1.08 (%), crude fat; 1.32 to 1.73 (%), crude fibre; 0.58 to 2.06 (%), crude protein; 7.58 to 10.29 (%), CHO; 79.11 to 81.34 (%), starch; 76.55 to 82.48 (%), and sugar content; 2.42 to 4.44 (%). Also, the amylose content was assessed and the recorded result ranged from 21.34 to 25.04 (%). All recorded samples were significantly difference (p < 0.05). FARO 61 recorded highest point of 1.08 (%), 2.06 (%), 82.48 (%), in ash content, crude fibre, and starch respectively, while the highest crude protein, sugar and amylose content was observed in FARO 60 as 10.29 (%), 4.44 (%), and 25.04 (%) respectively. The highest value of crude fat was also recorded in FARO 52. Study on these propertes of NERICA flour varieties has revealed some vital informations of the new rice varieties and these generated results will find their way in determining their suitability in food and other relevant industries


To test whether flocculation is a prerequisite for granulation and a waterstable structure or whether drying (close contact) is sufficient, homoionic suspensions were prepared from pure sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium montmorillonite, illite or kaolinite and from the respective soil clays. Forms other than Na were prepared from Na suspensions without drying; the ultimate salt concentration was below flocculation value. Suction-moisture curves were established and reswelling (pF 1 after positive pressure) was studied. Sodium clays except latosol swelled again completely after drying; potassium clays, except pure montmorillonite, swelled again completely up to high suctions; calcium and magnesium clays showed partial reswelling; latosol none, except with Na at high pH; pure illites swelled again but the soil clays behaved like soil montmorillonite. Inversion shaking was used to estimate the stability of granules formed by complete or partial water desorption. The stability of calcium and magnesium clays, and soil clays depended slightly on salt concentration; with Na or K, stability depended strongly on salt concentration, except in potassium illite soil clay; stability of all latosols decreased with salt concentration. The stability test was also employed to estimate the destruction caused by working the soil at different water contents. The phenomena observed could be explained by MADELUNG forces between parallel planes of clay minerals at short distance and by edge to plane attraction.


FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to a method for production of dry cat fodders with a high taste attractiveness by way of creation of dry cat fodder preparations having specific compositions and/or structure properties and by way of addition of taste attractiveness intensifiers to them so that to produce a dry cat fodder with a high taste attractiveness. Preferably, the present invention is aimed at creation of dry cat fodders with a high taste attractiveness and having hardness lower than or equal to approximately 100 N/mm. EFFECT: present invention relates to a method for intensifying the action of a liquid taste attractiveness intensifier on taste attractiveness for application during dry cat fodder preparation and to sets useful for intensifying dry cat fodders taste attractiveness. 15 cl, 8 tbl, 4 dwg, 8 ex


White blood cells
(WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune
system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease
and foreign invaders. All white blood cells are produced and derived from
multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells.
Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the blood and lymphatic
system.

 In the
present book, fifteen typical literatures about advances in immune cells
published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce
the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on
immune cells, white blood cells and other blood cells etc. We hope this book
can demonstrate advances in immune cells as well as give references to the
researchers, students and other related people.


In this paper, the urea herbicide in canned sweet corn was determined by Matrix Solid-phase Dispersion-liquid chromatography. The effect of separation conditions, dispersants species, the mass ratio of the dispersant to sample, the eluent pH and volume of eluent to determination were researched. Herbicide were separated on C18 column, employing methanol∶water=70∶30 as mobile phase and pH=3.6. Herbicide are determined using UV detector at 200 nm. The average recoveries of Flucarbazone-sodium and Linuron were 87.80% and 94.49% respectively. The relative standard deviations were less than1.62% and 1.08%, the MDL are 108ng/g and 54ng/g respectively.


A lower triangular infinite matrix is called a triangle if there are no zeros on the principal diagonal. The main result of this paper gives a minimal set of sufficient conditions for a double triangle T to be a bounded operator on ; i.e., T ∈ B () for the sequence space defined below. As special summability methods T we consider weighted mean and double Cesàro, (C, 1, 1), methods. As a corollary we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a double triangle T to be a bounded operator on the space of double sequences of bounded variation.


Pasalix® is an herbal medicine containing a combination of three medicinal plants: Passiflora incarnata, Salix alba and Crataegus oxyacantha. Its main indication is to treat anxiety and insomnia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical toxicology of that formulation in healthy volunteers. For this, a non-randomized open clinical trial was conducted with 24 healthy male volunteers, who received two (2) coated tablets of the herbal medicine twice a day for 28 uninterrupted days. The volunteers were included in the study only when considered healthy after clinical assessment, physical examination and laboratory tests which preceded the study. The laboratory tests included: hematological, biochemical and serological analysis. The clinical and laboratory evaluation was repeated after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks of the treatment and 7 days after the last administration. Pasalix® was well tolerated by the 24 volunteers, and it has showed no serious adverse events. The clinical, laboratory, and electrocardiographic data assessed before, during and after the test showed no signals of toxicity in various organs and systems evaluated, confirming the safety of the preparation for use in trials of therapeutic efficacy.


Diverticular disease accounts for approximately 312 000 hospital admissions in the United States annually, and costs nearly 2.6 billion dollars.[1,2] Approximately 20% of Americans with diverticular disease will experience at least one episode of acute diverticulitis, necessitating a visit to their physician's office or the emergency department (ED) for treatment.[3] As the risk of developing diverticulitis rises with age (nearly 50% of people aged over 60 years have colonic diverticula), the incidence is rising as the elderly population grows.[4] The majority of the patients are treated non-operatively, with a course of oral antibiotics and diet modification. Although computed tomography (CT) imaging is considered the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis in the United States, ultrasound is routinely used in Europe, Asia, and Africa as the initial imaging modality of choice in the evaluation of patients with suspected diverticulitis. Recent studies[5,6] have suggested that there is no significant difference in the test performance characteristics of CT as opposed to ultrasound for the diagnosis of diverticulitis. We present two cases in which point-of-care ultrasound was used to diagnose acute uncomplicated diverticulitis in the ED.

Case 1
A 30-year-old man with no significant history of medication or surgery presented to the ED because of abdominal pain for several days. He stated that the pain began four days before presentation after breakfast at home, and subsequently deteriorated as a constant, non-radiating pressure. There were no alleviating or aggravating factors. The patient had no history of similar abdominal pain, nor nausea, vomiting, hematemesis, change in bowel habits, fever, anorexia, dysuria, testicular pain, back pain, or rash.

On presentation, his temperature was 98.1 °F, heart rate 77 beats per minute, blood pressure 143/92 mmHg, respiratory rate 16 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation 99% while breathing room air. The patient was alert and oriented and in no acute distress. His sclerae were anicteric. His abdomen was soft with mild tenderness in the left lower quadrant. No rebound or voluntary guarding was noted. There was no costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness to palpation. In addition, there was no tenderness at McBurney's point. His genital examination was normal.

An emergency physician (EP) performed a point-of-care abdominal ultrasound, paying particular attention to the left lower quadrant of the abdomen. The sigmoid colon was identified in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, with evidence of bowel wall thickening (Figure 1). In addition, a single diverticulum, visualized as an echo-poor protrusion from the colon wall with surrounding hyperechoic fat stranding, indicative of active inflammation, was noted at the point of maximal tenderness (Figure 2). The EP determined that the patient's presentation combined with the point-of-care ultrasound images was consistent with a diagnosis of acute diverticulitis. The EP offered the patient the option of further testing with CT imaging versus empiric treatment with oral antibiotics. The patient opted to forego further radiologic testing and was subsequently discharged with a course of oral antibiotics and close primary care follow-up.

Figure 1

This figure demonstrates a measurement taken by the EP of the bowel wall that is approximately 1 cm. A measurement of >4–5 mm is indicative of bowel wall thickening.

Figure 2

This figure shows a single diverticulum (arrow) with surrounding hyperechoic (bright) fat stranding.

Three weeks after his initial ED visit, the patient presented with recurrent abdominal pain to a different ED. He stated that his prior episode of abdominal pain had completely resolved with oral antibiotics. Twelve hours before his second ED visit, however, he developed recurrent left lower quadrant abdominal pain. Relevant bloodwork was as follows: WBC 10.3 K/μL, creatinine of 1.10 mg/dL, blood urea nitrogen 9 mg/dL, ALT 31 U/L, AST 20 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 44 U/L, and lipase 25 U/L. He subsequently underwent CT imaging of the abdomen, which demonstrated both prominent inflamed diverticuli and extensive fat stranding, consistent with acute uncomplicated sigmoid diverticulitis (Figure 3). He was admitted to the hospital and treated with intravenous antibiotics for 24 hours. He was discharged on a 7-day course of oral antibiotics and had no further episodes of diverticulitis.

Figure 3

This figure shows the CT findings of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (arrow) with surrounding fat stranding.

Case 2
A 49-year-old man with a history of diverticulitis presented with abdominal pain for one day to the ED. The pain began on the day before his ED presentation; it was described as sharp and localized to the left lower quadrant. He remarked that the pain was worse with movement and bending forward, and alleviated by remaining still. The pain was similar in quality to his one prior episode of uncomplicated diverticulitis. The patient denied fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation.

In the ED, the patient's vital signs were temperature 97.7 °F, heart rate 99 beats per minute, blood pressure 153/92 mmHg, respiratory rate 16 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation 97% while breathing room air. The patient was awake, alert, and in no acute distress. His heart had a regular rate and rhythm and lungs were clear to auscultation. His abdominal examination was notable for normal bowel sounds and mild tenderness to palpation in the left lower quadrant, without rebound or guarding. He had no CVA or testicular tenderness on examination.

The EP performed a point-of-care ultrasound to evaluate the patient's left lower quadrant abdominal pain, and immediately identified a diverticulum with surrounding echogenic non-compressible fat consistent with an acute inflammatory process (Figure 4). The patient was diagnosed with sigmoid diverticulitis and was treated successfully with a ten-day course of oral antibiotics with a close primary care follow-up.

Figure 4

This figure demonstrates a single diverticulum (arrow) with adjacent hyperechoic (bright) fat stranding.

DISCUSSION
Acute diverticulitis is caused by inflammation of colonic diverticula, which can either occur in a true diverticulum (more frequently noted in right-sided diverticulitis) or in a false or pseudo-diverticulum (generally noted in left-sided diverticulitis).[7] Nearly 20% of patients with diverticula will develop at least one episode of acute diverticulitis, thus rendering diverticulitis a major cause of hospitalization and medical expenditure.[3] As the population ages, the prevalence of diverticulitis will certainly rise, leading to a greater number of urgent care and ED visits for this disease.

Computed tomography has long been the diagnostic modality of choice to confirm acute diverticulitis in the United States.[8] Yet given the high cost associated with CT imaging, many countries utilize ultrasound as the first-line imaging study to make this diagnosis.[9] Other obvious drawbacks to CT imaging include radiation exposure and increased length of stay in the ED. As EPs become ever more adept at performing point-of care ultrasound examinations, this imaging modality has developed a reputation as an inexpensive, safe, and radiation-free alternative to CT in the ED. In a few studies ultrasound correctly diagnosed acute diverticulitis in greater than 90% of cases.[10] A recent meta-analysis also noted no significant difference between the sensitivity of ultrasound and CT in the evaluation of patients with suspected acute diverticulitis.[5]

The clinician performs an abdominal ultrasound to assess for diverticulitis by gently sweeping through loops of the bowel in the area of localized abdominal pain. A low-frequency curvilinear array transducer is used to visualize bowel as it provides adequate depth. The EP can ask the patient to point to the area of maximal tenderness, which often indicates the highest-yield area for sonographic evaluation. The EP evaluates the symptomatic region with the transducer, looking for evidence of acute diverticulitis: (1) at least one diverticulum; (2) thickening of the bowel wall (typically 4–5 mm or more); and (3) echogenic non-compressible fat surrounding one or more diverticula, suggesting an acute inflammatory process.[11,12] In addition, the clinician may identify a so-called "target sign" or "pseudokidney sign", which refers to the hypoechoic wall surrounding a hyperechoic center.[13]

Although multiple studies have confirmed the high sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in the evaluation of patients with suspected diverticulitis, there are few reports on point-of-care ultrasound use for this indication. If utilized by providers with appropriate training, point-of-care ultrasound could possibly represent an ideal first-line imaging test for uncomplicated diverticulitis, with CT imaging reserved for ill-appearing patients with unstable vital signs, or for those whose point-of care ultrasound images demonstrate findings concerning complicated diverticulitis, such as an abscess or intra-abdominal free fluid. Further prospective studies are warranted.


Anyone with a reasonable mixture of pride and vanity in his makeup naturally tai es it as a high honor to be asked to give the after-dinner sermon before such an illustrious company. But the honor carries the less happy implication that the speaker should combine wisdom and wit. Following in the wake of wise men and entertainers I have some qualms. The whole business assumes an aura of unreaUty. At this stage perhaps we can all get some consolation in blaming your speakers committee. At least it is too late to do anything about it now. One of the firmest planks in my platform of conviction and behavior is that physicians as members of an ancient profession owe society, or as I prefer to say, our fellow man, a debt of thoughtful criticism. If criticism is to have value it demands the use of the intellect. This enterprise few indulge in because it is such a wearisome and hard thing; and society has never had the full attention of the rational mind to help solve its problems. But in spite of their difficulty intellectual exercises may have a slight side all can enjoy. From time to time the artist backs away from his canvas, changes the light and looks at his creation from a different and more distant place. He stops the act of embodying his percepts and concepts in the process of painting in order to get a general view of his progress. So as craftsmen in many fields of endeavor whose interesting collaborative venture is being recognized in this act of feast and assembly, let us stand back from our several parts of the scientific, social, and humanitarian mosaic to see whole the object of our joint work. Let us remove our thoughts from myopic concern with details, look up and regain in simplicity the sense of rejoining the world at large. In giving my scattered remarks the formidable title of Delirium Cordis my purpose was to pose a question as well as to puzzle the thoughtful. You may note a recurrent theme of the dim view. I have prepared some


Carbamylated low‐density lipoprotein (cLDL) plays a role in atherosclerosis. In this study we evaluate the effect of uremia on LDL carbamylation and the effect of cLDL and oxidized LDL (oxLDL;200 µg/ml) on number, function, and genomic stability of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) obtained from healthy volunteers. cLDL was generated after incubation of native LDL (nLDL) with uremic serum from patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 2–4. Oxidative stress was measured by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy, mitochondrial depolarization by flow cytometry, senescence by β‐galactosidase activity and telomere length, and DNA damage by phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX). The percentage of cLDL by uremic serum was related to the severity of CKD. Compared with nLDL, cLDL induced an increase in oxidative stress (62±5 vs. 8±3%, P<0.001) and cells with mitochondrial depolarization (73±7 vs. 9±5%, P<0.001), and a decrease in EPC proliferation and angiogenesis. cLDL also induced accelerated senescence (73±16 vs. 12±9%, P≪ 0.001), which was associated with a decrease in the expression of γH2AX (62±9 vs. 5±3%, P<0.001). The degree of injury induced by cLDLwas comparable to that observed with oxLDL. This study supports the hypothesis that cLDL triggers genomic damage in EPCs, resulting in premature senescence. We can, therefore, hypothesize that EPCs injury by cLDL contributes to an increase in atherosclerotic disease in CKD.—Carracedo, J., Merino, A., Briceño, C., Soriano, S., Buendía, P., Calleros, L., Rodriguez, M., Martín‐Malo, A., Aljama, P., Ramírez, R. Carbamy‐lated low‐density lipoprotein induces oxidative stress and accelerated senescence in human endothelial progenitor cells. FASEBJ. 25, 1314–1322 (2011). www.fasebj.org


This article reviews the book, Climate Change and Displacement: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, edited by Jane McAdam . To address the complex issues surrounding climate migration, Jane McAdam has taken a new approach to the exploration of climate-induced migration. She brings together the work of various researchers across a wide-range of disciplines to holistically analyze the issue, while recognizing that no single field can address all of the issues involved with climate migration. The disciplines of geography (political, economic, and human), sociology, law, political economy, moral philosophy, public health, medical anthropology, epidemiology, psychiatric epidemiology, international relations, and psychology are weaved throughout the collective chapters to answer the question of how climate change and displacement is considered and managed.


ABSTRACT During early mammalian development, transient pools of pluripotent cells emerge that can be immortalised upon stem cell derivation. The pluripotent state, 'naïve' or 'primed', depends on the embryonic stage and derivation conditions used. Here we analyse the temporal gene expression patterns of mouse, cattle and porcine embryos at stages that harbour different types of pluripotent cells. We document conserved and divergent traits in gene expression, and identify predictor genes shared across the species that are associated with pluripotent states in vivo and in vitro. Amongst these are the pluripotency-linked genes Klf4 and Lin28b. The novel genes discovered include naïve- (Spic, Scpep1 and Gjb5) and primed-associated (Sema6a and Jakmip2) genes as well as naïve to primed transition genes (Dusp6 and Trip6). Both Gjb5 and Dusp6 play a role in pluripotency since their knockdown results in differentiation and downregulation of key pluripotency genes. Our interspecies comparison revealed new insights of pluripotency, pluripotent stem cell identity and a new molecular criterion for distinguishing between pluripotent states in various species, including human. Summary: Interspecies comparison of mouse, bovine and pig embryos revealed conserved genes which distinguish between naïve and primed pluripotency states, including in human. Some of these genes interfere with the pluripotency network and lead to differentiation.


An experiment to search for 2 β processes in Cd with the help of CdWO4 crystal scintillator (mass of 215 g), enriched in Cd up to 66%, is in progress at the Gran Sasso National Laboratories of the INFN (Italy). After 1320 h of data taking, limits on double beta processes in Cd have been established on the level of 10 19 − 10 yr, in particular (all the results at 90% C.L.): T1/2(0ν2ε) > 3.6 × 10 yr, T1/2(2νεβ) > 7.2 × 10 yr, and T1/2(2ν2β) > 2.5 × 10 yr. Resonant 0 ν2ε processes have been restricted as T1/2(0ν2K) > 1.4 × 10 yr and T1/2(0νLK) > 3.2 × 10 yr. A possible resonant enhancement of the 0 ν2ε processes is estimated in the framework of the QRPA approach.


Objective To understand the prevalence of injury characteristics in XinXing for the development of injury prevention and control strategies to provide a scientific basis.Methods From January 1 to December 31 in 2008 of the statistical analysis of injury surveillance data.Results There were 6760 cases of injury cases,including 4408 cases of men,2352 cases of women,Age of injury to 25 - year - old age of 44 mainly young and middle - aged.Conclusion Threatened serious harm to the health of the residents with their daily lives,Threatened serious harm to the health of the residents with their daily lives and conduct a fall/fall injuries.Traffic injuries,blunt injuries and other injury prevention and control is necessary.


In the integrative study of political-economic problems, a great number of terminological expressions have emerged and brought about cognitive perplexity. This paper argues that the distinction between political economics and economic politics originates in the understanding of the relationship between politics and economics. In terms of research paradigm, political economics deals with issues in the sphere of politics from an economic perspective by using theories and methods of economics, with a view to revealing the economic properties of politics, whereas economic politics looks into economic problems from a political perspective, aiming to emphasize the subjectivity of politics by revealing the political properties of economics.


Researchers use a finite-element model to calculate forces for individual parts of an area on Earth's surface to predict how long a specific man-made or natural underground structure will take to produce detectable surface deformation under certain geologic conditions. InSAR can be used to detect and characterize underground tunnels and cavities. In a study on London's underground railway system, InSAR revealed a previously undetected 2-centimeter surface subsidence above the Jubilee rail line. which they to refine skills at signatures left by each type of seismic event, the technology will increase its usefulness in national security, environmental hazards, and geologic planning. The average power output of a laser is scaled by increasing the transverse dimension of the gain medium while proportionately increasing the thickness of an index-matched light guide. Strategic facets cut at the edges of the laminated gain medium provide a method by which the pump light is trapped and repeatedly passed through the gain medium. Spontaneous emission escapes the laser volume via these facets. A multifaceted disk geometry with grooves cut into the thickness of the gain medium is optimized to passively reject spontaneous emission generated within the laser material, which would otherwise be trapped and amplified within the high-index composite disk. This geometry allows the useful size of the laser aperture to be increased, enabling the average laser output power to be scaled. Impedance measurements are used to detect pathogens attached to antibody-coated beads. In a fluidic device, antibodies are immobilized on the surface of a patterned, interdigitated electrode. Pathogens in a sample fluid streaming past the electrode attach to the immobilized antibodies, producing a change in impedance between two adjacent electrodes. This impedance change is measured and used to detect the presence of a pathogen. The signal can be amplified by adding beads coated with antibodies. When these beads stick to the pathogen, they cause a greater change in the impedance between the two adjacent electrodes.


This paper deals with static balancing of closed-loop mechanisms. The long-term goal of the research is enhancing the performance of parallel robots by means of effective static balancing strategies that take into account the system dynamic behaviour. In this contribution, the influence of mass-balancing on the elastodynamic performance of a four-bar linkage, intended as the simplest example of closed-loop mechanism, is experimentally investigated. The design of the experimental apparatus is discussed and the results of tests on both an unbalanced linkage and its balanced variant are presented. Base-transmitted forces and vibrations are monitored for constant-speed operations and for velocity ramp tests in order to characterize the elastodynamic behaviour of the linkages. The analysis is supported by implementing a flexible multibody model of the experimental apparatus that enhances the interpretation of the experimental data.


This paper deals with policy mechanism designs for agri-environmental schemes when the bio-physical processes are characterised by threshold effects. There is a threshold effect when specified farming practices must be applied on a minimal share of an area of interest to trigger perceptible changes of the state of the natural environment. Schemes result in a pure economic loss if the induced agri-environmental efforts are not sufficient. Different situations are considered, including the lack of information on farmers' characteristics or actions, uncertainty on the relationship between farming practices and environmental quality, and combined difficulties of scheme design.


In 2006, the international community started to finalize the political status of Kosovo, the Serbian province, inhabited mostly by the Muslim Albanian majority. At the end of October 2006, a referendum was held in Serbia, where a new constitution was passed that claims Kosovo as an integral part of Serbia. What has taken place in the so-called "last media battle for Kosovo"? This article investigates discourses of the two most popular Serbian newspapers and their coverage of the October 2006 events. The analysis of recontextualization shows that the newspapers continuously reproduce the dominant Serbian nationalism that focuses on a myth of a Greater Serbia. With an appropriation of different discourses, the dominant Serbian nationalism becomes legitimized and justified. In particular, the newspapers reproduce distinctive religious discourses from the political past, and furthermore, they borrow so-called European, "war on terrorism" and "crime" discourses from the international mainstream public spheres and appropriate them to the contemporary Serbian political context. Generally, the newspapers reappropriate different discourses by framing the Serbs as the victims of their own local "perpetrators," the Kosovo Albanians.


ObjectiveTo measure the left ventricular long-axis function in patients with coronary artery disease and to investigate its clinical significance.MethodsThe long-axis function parameters were measured with tissue Doppler imaging(TDI) in 48 patients with coronary artery disease in mitral annulus level,including peak systolic velocity(S_M) and excursion(D_S),the time interval from ECG Q wave to S_M(PCT_M),early diastolic peak velocity(E_M),late diastolic peak velocity(A_M) and E_M/ A_M.ResultsCompared with the control group,S_M and D_S decreased (t=2.78,9.61;P0.01);PCT_M increased(t=2.49,(P)0.05);E_M and E_M/A_M decreased(t=5.45,4.94;P0.01) in coronary artery disease group; S_M and D_S correlated with EF((r=)0.72,0.67;P0.01) and E_M(r=0.66,0.58;P0.01).ConclusionLeft ventricular long-axis function is impaired in(patients) with coronary artery disease.TDI provides a new approach to evaluate left ventricular long-axis function in the patients.


Machine learning techniques have been included in various theorem proving tools for approximately two decades. Some of the learning tasks are well understood and tools actually help practitioners, while other tasks are still in their early developmental stages. In this talk I will try to classify the various learning tasks and discuss the learning techniques and tools that are aimed at enhancing the efficiency of interactive theorem provers. I will discuss the most successful techniques aimed at improving the power of automation, that use Monte-Carlo simulations guided by reinforcement learning from previous proof attempts. I will also consider the present and the future challenges including more efficient interaction with interactive theorem provers.


The diptera maggots are used in forensic entomology to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI). Maggots have a wide range of morphological and structural features that aid in the identification. In order to assist in the necrophagous larvae identification, this research aims to develop a software using computer vision and machine learning to automate the classification process. Diptera maggots were collected in a dead pig at the capital of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Campo Grande. The maggots were identified and photographed at a light microscope (5x objective). Next, the images were processed, the features extraction was performed using an extractor in Python language. The classification of the images were tested with AdaBoost, Random Forest, Random Tree and SMO classifiers. The SMO the best performa.


Abstract. In this contribution the frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) technique is evaluated for post-consumer wood sorting. The fluorescence characteristics of several wood samples were determined, whereby two excitation wavelengths (405 and 488 nm) were used. The measured data were processed using algorithmic methods to identify the wood species and post-consumer wood category. With the excitation wavelength of 405 nm, 16 out of 19 samples could be correctly assigned to the corresponding post-consumer wood category by means of the fluorescence lifetimes. Thus, the experimental results revealed the high potential of the FD-FLIM technique for automated post-consumer wood sorting.


Plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria parasite had been recognized as the fifth human malaria parasite due to its wide distribution of naturally acquired infection among the human populations in the Southeast Asia. The aim of this epidemiological study was to determine the incidence and actual distribution of malaria parasites with special attention to P.knowlesi in the interior division of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Nested PCR assays were used to identify Plasmodium species in the DNA extracted from 243 dried blood spots collected for six months in 2010 from patients in four districts in the interior division of Sabah. A total of 107 (44%) of the samples collected were positive for Plasmodium sp based on nested-PCR detection. Plasmodium knowlesi DNA was detected in 65 (60.7%) of 107 Plasmodium positive samples, in which only two mixed-infection cases with P.knowlesi were detected (1 P.knowlesi/P.falciparum and 1 P.knowlesi/P.vivax). P.knowlesi showed the highest prevalence among all malaria cases in this region. This parasite was found in all the four study sites with the highest incidence of P.knowlesi in the Tenom district which accounted for 53.8% (35 cases) of all P.knowlesi cases reported in this region. This preliminary study provides clearer picture on the actual transmission and incidence of the fifth human malaria in the interior division of Sabah.


A method and system for deactivating locks, locking the functionality of products and/or the product packing in which such products are sold, in particular remote-activation adhesive locks


Bacterial meningitis presents with the triad of headache, fever, altered mental status. Stiff neck, vomiting, and photophobia may also be present.


For many years, the importance of strategic thinking as a substantial contributor to educational success has been the focus of L2 learning research. Intrapersonal and interpersonal skills and learning strategies are still as important as individual differences in language learning. Writing is one of the productive skills that students should develop in the early stages of English language learning. Developing this creative skill will help students to learn other language essential skills such as reading, speaking, and listening. The aim of the current study is twofold: firstly, finding out Iraqi EFL preparatory school students' strategic thinking and writing performance. Secondly, identifying the correlation between Iraqi EFL preparatory school students' strategic thinking and writing performance. In view of that, this study is a correlational research in which the sample consists of (377) students from different Iraqi EFL preparatory schools during the academic year 2021/2022. Two instruments are used to achieve the aims of this study: John Pisapia's (2014) questionnaire has been adopted to find out students' strategic thinking and an emotive writing test is developed to assess students' writing performance. After ensuring the psychometric features, the three instruments are applied to the research sample.


Background: The processes of attention, concentration, and memory are the main factor in learning. Yoga is an ancient technique which is claimed to enhance physical and mental well-being.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of yoga in attention, concentration, and memory of medical students.

Materials and Methods: A total of 100 healthy medical students in the age group of 17–23 were considered for the study. They were trained to practice yoga technique for 12 weeks, and their attention, concentration, and memory were assessed using Postgraduate Institute memory scale before and after intervention at Annapoorana Medical College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.

Results: The results showed statistically significant improvement in attention, concentration, and memory of yoga group (P < 0.001) when compared with the control group.

Conclusion: This study suggests that after practicing yoga there was a significant improvement in attention, concentration, and memory. These changes may be due to personality development, higher concentration, and reduction of distraction thoughts (mind wandering) due to yoga training.


Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) decorated semiconductor nanowires (NWs) heterostructures show significant promise in enhanced optical and opto-electrical properties due to the coupling of surface plasmon to nanowires. Here, we demonstrate a galvanic displacement based strategy to achieve in situ nucleation of Au nanoparticles and then postgrowth into higher order Au nanostmctures such as dimers, nanorods, and nanoprisms along the same Si nanowires (SiNWs). The presence of Au nanostructures significantly enhances the optical properties of nanowires. Particularly, a 24 times enhancement of Si Raman scattering signal was achieved with a Au dimer decoration. A Au nanorod aligned in parallel along nanowire strongly enhances the anisotropy of Si Raman scattering, with more than 28 times stronger signal under parallel polarization than that under perpendicular polarization, demonstrating for the first time the surface plasmon enhanced antenna effect. In addition, we demonstrate that surface plasmon enhances photocurrent of SiNW by almost 100%, which is higher than previous reports. Our studies show that SiNWs decorated with metallic nanostructures by in situ galvanic displacement exhibit significant promise toward high efficiency photodetection and light harvesting applications.


A series of new, relatively high molecular weight poly(arylene ether azomethine)s was prepared by condensation of silylated bisphenols with bis[N-(4-fluorobenzylideneaniline)]s (BFBAs) in polar apr...


Rubbing fault is an often occurred complex high-dimensional nonlinear problem in large rotating machinery system. In this paper,a rotor system of an aero engine was modeled into an eight degree of freedom nonlinear system with gyroscopic moment effect using Lagrange method. The investigations to the modeled system showed the nonlinear rubbing fault characteristics. This high dimensional nonlinear system could be reduced into a two degree of freedom system by introducing the modified POD method. Numerical simulations demonstrated the efficiency of the method by comparison with the computed results given for both the original and the reduced systems. C-L method was also employed to obtain the dynamical behaviors of the reduced system,which reflected the natural property of the rubbing fault.


Using fuzzy measures and fuzzy integrals, the paper presents a mathematical model of learning which is able to learn through fuzzy information. The characteristics of the model are studied theoretically and in numerical examples, where the model is compared with an ordinary Bayesian learning model. The problem of seeking an extremum of multimodel objective function is given as an example.


Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation can cause immune suppression,DNA damage and skin tumors.Toll-like receptors (TLRs),as important pattern recognition receptors,play essential roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses,and are expressed on a variety of cell types in skin,including keratinocytes,Langerhans cells,dendritic cells,mast cells,fibroblasts and melanocytes.TLR activation can upregulate the expression of cytokines,chemokines,and costimulatory and adhesion molecules involved in innate and adaptive immune responses.Mounting evidences have suggested that TLRs are associated with cellular responses to UV exposure.In addition,there has been a growing interest in the targeting of TLRs for the prevention and treatment of skin cancer.

Key words:
Toll like receptors;  Immunity;  Ultraviolet rays;  Skin neoplasms


The reaction kinetics and formation mechanism of oriented attachment for shaped nanoparticles in solution are not well-understood. We present the reaction kinetics and formation mechanism of organic-capped anatase TiO2 nanorods in solution as a case study for the oriented attachment process using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electronic microscopy. The SAXS analysis qualitatively and quantitatively provides in-depth understanding of the mechanism, including the structural evolution, interparticle interaction, and spatial orientation of nanoparticles developed from nanodots to nanorods during the nucleation, isotropic, and anisotropic growth steps. The present study demonstrates the growth details of oriented attachment of nanoparticles in solution. An ordered lamellar structure in the solution is constructed by the balance of interaction forces among surface ligands, functional groups, and solvent molecules serving as a natural template. The template allows the alignment of spherica...


The 31P-NMR spectra of europium complexes with β-diketones and phosphine oxides in CDCl3, DMSO-d6, toluene-d8 with dissolved fluorinated polymers, and fluorinated solvent were investigated as well as the temperature dependence of these spectra. When a mixture of europium complex 1 and 1.0 molar equivalent of trioctylphosphine oxide and triphenylphosphine oxide was dissolved in a fluorinated solvent, europium complex 2 with two types of phosphine oxides was formed at room temperature. In CDCl3 and toluene-d8 solutions, however, this complex was identified only at low temperatures. This difference is thought to be due to the differences in the speed of ligand exchanges. In DMSO-d6 solution, no signal corresponding to the europium complex with phosphine oxides was observed. This implies that the major portion of phosphine oxides is not coordinated with europium ions in DMSO-d6 solution. The fluorescence intensity of each europium complex in a solvent was correlated to the solvent and the 31P-NMR spectrum. It was found that the fluorescence intensity was the highest in the fluorinated solvent.


Corresponding author: Snehil Dixit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences (SOAHS), Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com date: Apr 05, 2014, Acc date: Apr 23, 2014, Pub date: Apr 28, 2014Copyright: © 2014 Dixit S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


The demands on the locomotor muscles at birth are different for cetaceans than terrestrial mammals. Cetacean muscles do not need to support postural costs as the neonate transitions from the womb because water's buoyant force supports body weight. Rather, neonatal cetacean muscles must sustain locomotion under hypoxic conditions as the neonate accompanies its mother swimming underwater. Despite disparate demands at birth, cetaceans like terrestrial mammals require postnatal development to attain mature musculature. Neonatal cetaceans have a low proportion of muscle mass, and their locomotor muscles have lower mitochondrial density, myoglobin content (Mb) and buffering capacity than that found in the adult locomotor muscle. For example, the locomotor muscle of the neonatal bottlenose dolphin has only 10% and 65% of the Mb and buffering capacity, respectively, found in the adult locomotor muscle. The maturation period required to achieve mature Mb and buffering capacity in the locomotor muscle varies across cetacean species from 0.75-4 and 1.17-3.4 years, respectively. The truncated nursing interval of harbor porpoises and sub-ice travel of beluga whales may be drivers for faster muscle maturation in these species. Despite these postnatal changes in the locomotor muscle, ontogenetic changes in locomotor muscle fiber type seem to be rare in cetaceans. Regardless, the underdeveloped aerobic and anaerobic capacities of the locomotor muscle of immature dolphins results in diminished thrusting capability and swim performance. Size-specific stroke amplitudes (23-26% of body length) of 0-3-month-old dolphins are significantly smaller than those of >10·month-olds (29-30% of body length), and 0-1-month-olds only achieve 37% and 52% of the mean and maximum swim speed of adults, respectively. Until swim performance improves with muscle maturation, young cetaceans are precluded from achieving their pod's swim speeds, which could have demographic consequences when fleeing anthropogenic disturbances.


Currently, the device of cement concrete pavements is still less popular than the asphalt covering. In the construction of roads, great attention should be paid to the widespread use of new, efficient building materials and products of improved quality, with a high degree of prefabrication, ensuring an increase in the level of industrialism, a reduction in material consumption and the cost of road construction. The experience of research, design and devices allows a systematic approach to the design appointment, the choice of materials and technologies for the device of cement concrete roads. The device of cement concrete web of fiber-reinforced concrete is one of the promising areas in the construction complex.


Abstract : This scoring record documents the efforts of G&G Sciences, Inc. to detect and discriminate inert unexploded ordnance (UXO) utilizing the APG Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site blind grid and open field sites. This scoring record was coordinated by J. Stephen McClung and the Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Scoring Committee. Organizations on the committee include the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, the Institute for Defense Analysis, the U.S. Army Environmental Command, and the U.S. Army Aberdeen Test Center.