Researchers aimed to convey the effectiveness of the implementation of Government Regulation Number 41 the Year 2011 on Development of Youth Entrepreneurship and Pioneering and the Provision of Youth Facilities and Infrastructures in Kolaka Southeast Celebes. The reason behind this research was that the researchers wanted to investigate the regulation and perhaps other related regulations to discover to what extent the available rules had been adequate. Current data show that in 2012, out of 153,577 people of working age, there were 144,499 people with jobs and 9,078 people without jobs. By observing the data, it can conclude that there were still many people of productive working age that lived without any situation. Hence, there was no dark indication of their creativities and innovations, whether or not they still existed. The implementation of Government Regulation Number 41 the Year 2011 on Development of Youth Entrepreneurship and Pioneering and the Provision of Youth Facilities and Infrastructures in Kolaka had not been effective enough. The assumption built on facts that: (a) the development of entrepreneurship, especially for procedures taken by the government of Kolaka in developing entrepreneurship was not by the Government Regulation. In arranging strategic plans for the event, the government of Kolaka had never conducted either any inventory or identification of the youth interests, competencies, and potencies. (b) The development of youth pioneering should have realized by arranging schedules on training, assisting, and making any leadership forum. Plans that had stipulated in the Strategic Plans should have executed as well. Unfortunately, the same as the development of entrepreneurship, this development was not following the Government Regulation too. (c) The government of Kolaka had not provided facilities and infrastructures as being regulated by the central government.


The 68th Annual Conference of Japanese Educational Research Association was held on August 27-29,2009 at Tokyo University.This article introduces some hot topics on higher education addressed at the conference,in a bid to provide a brief overview of the current trends in Japanese higher education research.


Short-lived organic radicals, generated in aqueous solution using rapid-mixing continuous-flow techniques, from inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins; significant conformational changes accompany inclusion.


Although many gay men do not engage in effeminate behavior, they still may be feminized in social interaction. This article illustrates the importance of this distinction through a two-method study of the popular sitcom Will & Grace. The show includes multiple representations of gay masculinities, from the effeminate gay man to the more masculine "very straight gay." However, a comprehensive content analysis shows that both gay primary characters frequently are feminized by other characters on the show, often in efforts to castigate them. Very few of these feminizing moments occur as a result of the characters acting in effeminate ways, thus emphasizing the immanent femininity of gay men. Focus group participants' interpretations of this phenomenon include obliviousness to these moments, anger over their inclusion, and acceptance of their role in the show and in real gay life.


This study aims to investigate the relationship between oral health promotion behavior and oral symptoms according to the dietary life of adolescents through the 15(2019) online survey of Youth Health Behavior. According to the study, the number of tooth brush(day) was significant with all dietary life, caffeine and eating habit education experience were significant with all oral health promotion behavior, use of oral health device was significant with fruit, vegetable, sealant experience was significant with fruit, fastfood, vegetable, scaling experience was significant with fruit and oral education experience was significant with fruit, soda, fastfood, vegetable. Toothbreak was significant fruit, soda, fastfood, pain and bleeding were significant with caffeine, fastfood, vegetable, eating habit education experence, bad breath was significant with fruit, caffeine, vegetable. Therefore, dietary life should be considered for the management of oral health promotion behaviors and oral symptoms of adolescents.


The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between anxiety and socio-economic status of adolescents of Amritsar city. The present study also examined the gender differences with respect to anxiety and socio-economic status among adolescents. For this, 200 respondents from Amritsar city of Punjab state were selected. The results of the study reveals no significant difference in boys and girls on all the measured variables i.e. anxiety and socio-economic status. The findings of the study further reveal no relationship between anxiety and socio-economic status.


Highly-ordered and uniform TiO2 nanotube arrays are fabricated by anodization and after supporting Pt they are applied directly in the catalytic oxidation of 60 mg/m3 formaldehyde under dynamic conditions. Experiment results indicate that the as-prepared nanotube catalyst exhibits excellent activity towards formaldehyde oxidation,with 98% conversion of HCHO and 100% conversion to CO2 and H2O under 60000 h-1 GHSV and 100 ℃. SEM,XRD and TPR are used for the characterization of TiO2 nanotubes and the corresponding catalyst. The diameter of the resulting TiO2 nanotubes is about 130nm and it changes from amorphous to anatase after 2h's calcination at 450 ℃. Supporting 1% Pt does not change the crystal structure of nanotubes,but the peaks corresponding to platinum oxide appear in XRD patterns. This finding indicates Pt is not highly dispersed on TiO2 nanotubes,which further indicates the catalytic acitivity may be promoted by enhancing Pt dispersion on nanotubes. From TPR result,supported Pt not only brings out more surface oxygen species,but also weakens Ti—O bond and enhances the mobility of crystal oxygen,which furter promote the activity of surface oxygen over nanotubes. Therefore,we come to the conclusion that 1% Pt/TiO2-NT exhibits excellent activity in the oxidation of formaldehyde under ambient conditions and that the complete catalytic oxidation of indoor formaldehyde under even more ambient conditions may be achieved through further investigation.


In this article the analysis of measures of stimulation of innovation development in the region is reviewed, the function of technoparks, identified a need for the formation of innovation infrastructure of the region, suggested to stimulate the development of innovation potential in the Bryansk region.


PCR chip is a biochip for DNA amplification in vitro. In order to enhance the control of high throughput and high efficiency for DNA amplification, a rotary PCR chip control system design scheme is proposed, and the process of system implement accurate monitoring of injecting sample into micro channel was analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The system structure and principle has been introduced in this paper. Rotary PCR chip control system uses the STM32F107VC as the main controller to supervise sub module cooperating with each other. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control technology is utilized to realize the speed regulation of BLDC (Brushless Direct Current) motor which drives the rotary disk. Human-machine interface is designed by the LabVIEW. It has strong interactivity, friendly interface and convenient operations. Test result shows that the designed control system is stable and reliable, meeting the related requirements of the Rotary PCR chip.


The ASEAN region is home to great ethnic, cultural, political and economic diversity and linguistically, represents a region where both Outer and Expanding Circle varieties of English are spoken. English is designated as the sole working language of the ASEAN region but in reality, it has a different status and performs very different roles in each ASEAN member state. This article first provides an overview of the spread of English in Southeast Asia. It then looks at English language policies in each of the Outer and Expanding Circle ASEAN countries, and discusses issues including models and norms of spoken English and intelligibility concerns. The article concludes by emphasizing that global–local tensions in the use of English in each of the ASEAN contexts should be taken into consideration. There is also the need to strike a balance between the existing tensions in order for the region to compete in the globally connected landscape of the 21st century.


We analyze a novel Markovian single-server system with two queues for call-back option and feedback. If upon arrival the server is busy, the job registers to be called back later by the server. A job that completes its service may request another round of service. Registered jobs and feedback jobs are said to be in two separated queues from which they are called by the server. We investigate stability conditions and obtain the generating function of the joint queue length distribution as a solution of a homogeneous Riemann-Hilbert boundary value problem.We analyze a novel Markovian single-server system with two queues for call-back option and feedback. If upon arrival the server is busy, the job registers to be called back later by the server. A job that completes its service may request another round of service. Registered jobs and feedback jobs are said to be in two separated queues from which they are called by the server. We investigate stability conditions and obtain the generating function of the joint queue length distribution as a solution of a homogeneous Riemann-Hilbert boundary value problem.


Since raw data recorded by patch-clamp systems are always stored in binary format, electrophysiologists may experience difficulties with patch clamp data preprocessing especially when they want to analyze by custom-designed algorithms. In this study, we present desktop software, called PCD Reader, which could be an effective and convenient solution for patch clamp data preprocessing for daily laboratory use. We designed a novel class module, called clsPulseData, to directly read the raw data along with the parameters recorded from HEKA instruments without any other program support. By a graphical user interface, raw binary data files can be converted into several kinds of ASCII text files for further analysis, with several preprocessing options. And the parameters can also be viewed, modified and exported into ASCII files by a user-friendly Explorer style window. The real-time data loading technique and optimized memory management programming makes PCDReader a fast and efficient tool. The compiled software along with the source code of the clsPulseData class module is freely available to academic and nonprofit users.


Access to finance helps explain the link between the historical African slave trade and current gross domestic product. We first present mistrust, weakened institutions, and ethnic fractionalization as plausible historical channels linking the slave trade to modern finance and development. We then show (i) the slave trade is consistently linked to reduced access to the formal and trade credit needed by modern firms, (ii) this shortage particularly reduces capital investment in smaller firms not in business groups, and (iii) the slave trade cannot explain most other business obstacles, suggesting that long-term societal shocks are exceptionally important for finance. Received December 16, 2014; editorial decision June 29, 2017 by Editor Philip Strahan.


This paper introduces fuzzy belief nets (FBN). The ability to invert arcs between nodes is key to solving belief nets. The inversion is accomplished by defining closeness measures which allow diagnostic reasoning from observed symptoms to cause of failures. The closeness measures are motivated by a Lukasiewicz operator which takes into account the distance from an observed symptom set to the modeled symptom set for all failure combinations. Hypothesized failures are then ranked according to maximum closeness measure and minimum cover, i.e., number of faults. Within the realm of fuzzy logic we show the graphical representation and solution of fuzzy belief nets.


The aim of this work is to develop an approach to multivariate optimization of development systems for tight oil reservoirs of the Achimov formation, where large volumes of drilling of RN-Yuganskneftegaz LLC are currently concentrated on. The approach described in the paper is an integral part of the corporate module "Decision Support System for drilling out new sections of tight oil reservoirs", which allows making quick design decisions for new drilling sites of target objects.
 This work discusses the main parts of the integrated solution of this system that will be embedded into corporate software.
 Also, the description of the global approach and obtained results are presented. The main idea of this project is based on automatic assignment of the prospective development zone to an existing cluster-analog, based on well logs response in exploration wells. Following this interpretation, the potential performance of various development systems is evaluated and the optimal one is selected.
 Within the framework of these projects the following tasks were solved:
 Wells clustering in Achimov deposits and their analogs. The geological heterogeneity and reservoir connectivity were characterized and a special algorithm for wells assignments to an existing cluster was developed, that is done by: Wells clustering depending on their petrophysical properties derived from well logs interpretation via k-means algorithm. Wells classification with a use of neural network. Multivariate 3D dynamic modeling and creation of surrogate models to provide predictions of reservoir simulation results. Development of the software package with all mentioned functionality being implemented.


Objective  To examine the effects of dydrogesterone on the production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines by lymphocytes from women undergoing unexplained recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM).


Abundant dispersed megaspore impression fossils were described from the Kayitou formation of the Mide Section of the marine-terrestrial transitional facies for the first time in the western Guizhou and eastern Yunnan Region. Sixteen species of nine genera were recognized under light-microscope and SEM. Trileites dominates this megaspore assemblage, while Maexisporites, Triangulatisporites, Horstisporites and Aneuletes are in a subordinate position, and the others are occasionally seen. New biostratigraphical evidence was obtained on the early triassic age of the Kayitou formation and the missing parts of lycopods species filled.


In this paper a heuristic decomposition algorithm for scheduling the generalized batch chemical plant is presented. The scheduling problem is decomposed into smaller, more tractable problems which are solved to optimality. The solutions to the smaller problems are then concatenated in a pre-specified manner to get an approximate solution to the original problem. This decomposition consists mainly of two basic components: spatial decomposition and temporal decomposition. In spatial decomposition, the plant is represented as a directed graph which is decomposed into groups of processing and storage units. In temporal decomposition the product orders are decomposed into several groups (according to the unit groups) and are scheduled on the time axis sequentially. The quality of the solutions obtained by the decomposition algorithm has been experimentally tested on a number of case studies of various complexity. The computational effort required was only a small fraction of that of the exact procedure, while ...


This article sets up crew training system by practical simulating equipment considering the particularity of liquified gas system on LPG tanker. The author gives us an representation on training elements regulating, simulating operation skills and training plan compiling. Meanwhile, central frame of fully pressurized LPG ship simulating system has been studied under the comprehensive practicability and safety. Operation training and position qualification have been evaluated as well.


Introduction: In children with MMC characteristic kinematic gait patterns and center of mass motion have been identified for different lumbo-sacral levels, which may vary in specific muscle paresis definitions and ambulatory outcome. The goal was to investigate compensatory movements employed in MMC in groups with successive paresis in the following major muscle groups: plantarflexors, dorsiflexors, hip abductors and hip extensors. Patients and Methods: 28 children with MMC (m=10.3 y), walking independently participated in a gait study. A classification based on paresis on the primary muscle groups was established using standard Manual Muscle Test (MMT). Five groups of MMC were established based on successive paresis (0-2 MMT) of the plantarflexors,dor-siflexors, hip abductors, and hip extensors. Subjects were tested in their habitual orthoses, if any. All children underwent full-body three-dimensional gait analysis (VICON, Oxford). Five kinematic cycles from each side were analyzed and group averages were calculated. Results: The most striking compensatory movements were observed in the frontal and transverse planes in the trunk, pelvis, and hips. Trunk sway increased sequentially from Groups 1 to 5, with the largest interval occurring at the onset of hip abductor paresis (Group 4). Trunk and pelvic rotation were observed to completely alter at the onset of hip abductor paresis (Group 4), where an internal position occurs during stance and external during swing. 'Pelvic hike,' or the lifting of the pelvis during swing, was observed in as early as Group 2 with plantarflexor paresis, becoming more pronounced in the latter groups. Large hip abduction was observed during stance at the onset of hip abductor paresis (Group 4). The onset of dorsiflexor paresis result in few kinematic changes since all subjects in Groups 2 and 3 wore orthoses. Sagittal plane differences were observed at the onset of hip extensor paresis (Group 5), where the trunk and pelvis were more posteriorly tipped and hips less flexed. Discussion The classification method aids in understanding the specific compensatory mechanisms employed when the muscle functions are successively lost. Plantarflexor paresis is evident in all three planes in even the trunk. Abductor weakness results in large frontal and transverse plane changes. Hip extensor weakness is mostly evident in the sagittal plane. By understand-ingthe characteristic movements employed, an improved basis for evaluation and treatment can be established.


A novel SOI technique is presented in this paper.Single crystal silicon was irradiated by neutron to form the semi-insulating material.A SOI construction was constituted after the semiconductor feature of surface layer was reconvered by laser annealing.The n chennel MOSFETs were fabricated on the SOI construction.The process and conditions of the fablication are reported and the characteristics of MOSFET and the evaluation of the technique is given.


This paper investigates the nature of business cycle asymmetry using a dynamic factor model of output, investment, and consumption. We first identify a common stochastic trend and a common transitory component by embedding the permanent income hypothesis within a simple growth model. We then investigate two types of asymmetry commonly identified in U.S. business cycle dynamics: (1) Infrequent negative permanent shocks, modeled as shifts in the growth rate of the common stochastic trend and (2) infrequent negative transitory shocks, modeled as "plucking" deviations from the common stochastic trend. Tests of marginal significance suggest both types of asymmetry were present in post-war recessions, although the shifts in trend are less severe than the received literature suggests.


In this paperwe explain how to derive learnability of some classes of categorial languages as a consequence of the a property that have unifiable infinite sets of types, namely unification compactness. At first we present an alternate (with respect to [6]) proof of learnability of rigid languages, that introduces our method. Then we prove learnability of the class of semi-rigid languages, which lies in between (learnable) class of rigid languages and (not learnable) class of optimal (as defined by Kanazawa in [6]) languages.


Waikoloa, Hawaii - Not all hand dermatitis is latex-related, and patients with dermatitis need an appropriate diagnosis so they can avoid the causative agent. Topical corticosteroids are a temporary solution.


The fact that Samuba is mentioned in texts belonging to the age of the Assyrian Trade Colonies shows without doubt that this city was inhabited at that time. In Hittite cuneiform texts, it is first mentioned in the edict of Telipinu. Tudbaliya III, Suppilulliuma I and lj:attusili III were closely relating to Samuba according to Hittite cuneiform texts. in a text recounting the actions of Suppiluliuma I written in the time of Mursili II, we leam that the king set out from Samuba in his campaign against the Haİasans and the Gasga. In texts containing the autobiography of lj:attusili III, we see lj:attusili closely affiliated politically with the city of Samuba , as he is religiously with the Ishtar of Samuba. The great part of the cuneiform texts which the city of Samuba is mentioned are texts of religious content. We can determine the names of several gods and goddesses in the Samuba pantheon, which has an important place among Hittİte cities from a religious point of view.


The received image is not satisfactory over time-selective fading channel. An image communication system over the time varying channels with Kalman filter tracking method is proposed in this paper, based on multi-antenna and the channel coding for good performance. The simulation results show that the coding gain of the system with convolution coding can be improved about 5dB, and the proposed scheme improves the performance of the bit error rate (BER) of the system at the higher signal to noise ratios (SNR) compared to the case of no channel coding and no tracking. The received image is also satisfying.


The current global changes bring to the fore the importance of the innovation and digital transformation for economic development. Under the previous assumption, an objective evaluation of the economic growth discrepancies, considering the digitalization process, is required. The main goal of the present research is to analyse the economic growth of the European countries, based to the digitalization process, by using an input-output method. Under these circumstances, a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was performed, considering the digitalization dimensions of DESI Index as input and the economic growth (annual %) as output. Based on the proposed model, the results highlighted the bidirectional relationship between economic growth and digitalization. Consistent with the research results, the European countries can be divided in two main categories: the efficient and the inefficient. On one hand, we can find the relatively efficient European states in terms of achieving the economic growth through digitalization (Ireland, Romania, Croatia and Greece). On the other hand, there is a numerous list of the inefficient ones, including important countries like Finland, Germany or France. Obviously, a remarkable aspect related to their situation is that, considering the national available inputs, an output maximization will be possible. According to the proposed model, the efficient countries can serve as peers or optimal benchmarks for solving the issue of relative inefficiency, by adapting and implementing their good practices.


In this paper, we introduce a direct fractional order adaptive control design based on model reference adaptive control (MRAC) structure for a class of commensurate fractional order linear systems ...


This game device is provided with a control unit, a storage unit, and a display unit By executing programs stored in the storage unit, the control unit carries out: a function for displaying result histories for a plurality of games on the display unit; a function for displaying a first screen on the display unit prior to game-related betting; a function for displaying on the display unit a second screen for advancing the game and a third screen showing the game results when a betting command is received while the first screen is displayed; a function for reducing the time until the third screen is displayed so as to be shorter than when a bet has been made, when a command to display the game results is received while the first screen is displayed; and a function for updating the display of histories on the display unit in accordance with the game results.


e14648 Background: To retrospectively evaluate the therapy pattern and survival in patients with dissection of primary SCCE. Methods: This study included 89 patients from four centers in southwest China who underwent radical section of SCCE without any preoperative therapy. 36 were treated with postoperative chemoradiotherapy (POCRT), and 53 with postoperative chemotherapy (POCT) alone. The radiation dose to clinical target volume (CTV) was 50 Gy (varying between 44 and 52 Gy), while the cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy ranged from two to six with a median of four. Results: The 5-year overall survival rate (OS) and 5-year disease-free survival rate (DFS) were 16.4% and 14.3% for all patients,respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate was 21.5% in the POCRT group, and 12.9% in the POCT group (p=0.013). The 5-year DFS was 21.3% in POCRT group and 9.3% in POCT group (p=0.028). There was significant difference in 5-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) between POCRT and POCT (LRFS: 74.6% vs. 45....


In the initial period of new China, the central committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC for short) chaired by Chairman MAO Ze-dong implemented the strategy of regional economic balance development. In the period between October 1949 and 1978, the first generation of leading collectivity of CPC carried on a series of decision-making about Xinjiang development, pointing out that Xinjiang's progress needed support from other provinces of China. The support and aiding to Xinjiang from the central committee of the CPC and other provinces include many aspects, especially in the aspects of economic development and ethnic cultural blooms.


Littlewood,R.(1990) From categories to contexts: A decade of the 'new cross-cultural psychiatry'. Zolpidem is a newer Non-Benzodiazepine hypnotic which act at GABA-BDZ complex and widely in use for sleep disturbances. A number of side effects have been mentioned in literature i.e. occurrence of confusion,disorder thinking, tangential thoughts and amnesia for the episode have been reported recently (Hoyleretal., 1996& Thara, R.2001). Here the authors have reported a rare side effect in the form of Zolpidem induced Delirium which is not mentioned in the literature. Mr.P.P. a33 yrs. old married male from middle socioeconomic status with urban background, OT technician by profession presented in Psychiatry OPD of Government Medical College Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh with 4 yrs.history of Smack Dependence, currently abstinent for last 2 weeks without any withdrawal symptoms except of sleep disturbance for last 2 days. He was prescribed tablet Zolpidem 10mg at bed time. Next day he visited the De-addiction OPD with his mother with complaints of irrelevant talk, suspicious attitude, hearing of voices after taking single dose of Zolpidem 10mg. The provisional diagnosis of Acute Psychosis was made and was admitted in the ward. In the ward he started picking up bed sheets, try to run away but not able to guide his way to the exit of the ward, not recognizing surroundings and familiar faces, not oriented to time, place and person, had visual hallucination and hallucinatory behaviour and coarse tremors. The diagnosis was changed to Acute Delirium and I.V.Iine was started with Inj.Diazepam 10 stat and S.O.S and Tab.Lorazepam 8 mg in divided doses and vitals were closely monitored. Repeated inquiries did not reveal any history of Alcohol Dependence. Head injury or High grade fever. Patient started showing improvement within couple of hours and completely recovered by next day. All routine investigations were within normal limits. He was put on tab. Naltrexone 50 mg once daily for maintenance treatment for opiate dependence. The striking adverse event in this case is sudden onset of delirious symptoms like fluctuating consciousness, disorientation, perceptual abnormalities and quick resolution of symptoms with I.V. Benzodiazepines.


In this paper, the real function of the reinforcement is fully considered. The reinforcement is discussed as planar beam element,its axial and resistance bent function are all included. Contribution of stiffness matrix of the reinforcement on the four-node reinforced concrete plate element is deduced.


The paper consists of 27 figures; numerous equations and 12 notes/ references, many of which are written by the authors of this paper. Whilst this may indicate a lack of "reading around the subject" it also indicates the unique nature of the topic and that little exists at present in the public domain about this topic. Indeed the authors and the research group they represent are the main contributors to the IMOs discussions and circulars on this subject. Given that background the paper is very detailed and consists of comparisons between the evacuation times of 3 passenger ships, 2 being Ro-Pax vessels and 1 a cruise liner. On board evacuation time statistics have been gathered from significant populations enabling the authors to draw significant conclusions relating to evacuation times in the presented scenarios. The paper is therefore a useful addition to the debates on this subject which is of major relevance to the understanding of evacuation times in passenger vessels. Data and research in this area is difficult to obtain thus the authors should be congratulated for their work.


Abstract : The Antenna Pattern distortionn Computer Program was written at the request of AFCS to evaluate the distortion on the radiation pattern of communication antennas when mounted in close proximity to each other, such as in the communication towers of many AF installations. Although the numerical method used in this computer program (Method of Moments) has been shown to be very accurate in many applications, it was felt desirable to verify it with an experimental validation study. This was done at the RADC anechoic chamber. The first phase of the validation was for the VHF antenna AN1181. In view of the fact that the actual frequency range of this antenna (100-156 MHz) is below that of the RADC anechoic chamber, it was necessary to build a scale model of the antenna. This report presents a description of the measurement procedure, the results and a comparison with the corresponding Antenna Pattern Distortion Computer Program runs.


The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) arose in response to the idea that to attain sustainable development, a globally recognized indicator framework that describes organizations' impact upon the triple bottom line was needed. GRI's mission is to elevate sustainability reporting to equivalency with financial reporting by creating a commonly agreed framework. However, unlike financial reporting, which is targeted primarily at one key stakeholder, the shareholder, sustainability reporting has a large and diverse audience and issues range from as straightforward as number of vacation leave days per employee to as complex as quantifying indirect greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, to address the need for guidance in creating a GRI based sustainability report, this paper is focused on creating a roadmap to reporting performance indicators by qualitatively analyzing the environmental dimension of GRI G3-based sustainability reports. The objective is to identify the indicators most commonly used and to identify a trend in indicators selection across all reports. The goal is to provide assistance and guidance to make the environmental sustainability aspect of the reporting process less daunting. This project recommends a framework that could serve to promote the improvement in quality of GRI based sustainability reporting. CONTENTS Page


To clarify the formation mechanisms of the snow crystals of low temperature types, observations on the shapes of snow crystals, the samplings of center nucleus of snow crystals and aerosol particles in the free atmosphere during snowfalls were carried out at Inuvik (68'22'N, 133'42'W), Northwest Territories, Canada from Decem· ber 25,1985 to January 23, 1986. As a result of the analysis, a higher frequency of the element Si as a center nucleus was recognized in all types of snow crystals as a whole. The center nucleus of snow crystals around Inuvik area, therefore, appears to consist of soil components. In the analysis classifying the snow crystals into single crystals and polycrystals, the chemical components of the center nucleus that were found in single crystals were similar to that found in polycrystals in soil components, that is to say, the elements of Si, Al and Ca. The chemical components of the center nucleus found in polycrystals, on the other hand, were higher than that of single crystals in sea salt components such as N a, Mg, CI and K. Furthermore, the sampling of airborne aerosol particles during snowfalls was made, and the analysis of their chemical components was carried out classifying the cold and warm periods when the observa· tion site was covered by the cold Arctic and the relatively warm North Pacific air masses, respectively. During the cold periods, the predominant chemical components were soil particles, and in the warm periods, the predominant chemical components were sea salt particles in the free atmosphere. If the chemical component ratio of the center nucleus of snow crystals was classified into the cold and warm periods, it may be concluded that the general shapes of snow crystals such as plate and column types have a tendency to consist of soil and anthropogenic components as the center nucleus. On the other hand, the peculiar shapes of snow crystals of low temperature types such as gohei twin and seagull types have a tendency to take soil and sea salt components as the center nucleus. This result showed a quite similar tendency which 416 K. Kikuchi, T. Taniguchi and H. Tsujimura was obtained by Kikuchi et al. (1972) in Hokkaido.


The kinetics of the vapor phase oxidation of benzene has been studied over an industrial catalyst in a continuous stirred tank reactor in the temperature range from 280 to 430°C and at atmospheric pressure. The products obtained are maleic anhydride, carbon oxides and water. The rate of the overall reaction (disappearance of benzene) is represented by the following expression based upon a steady state adsorption model

The rate of formation of maleic anhydride is correlated by the equation

which allows for a homogeneous depletion of maleic anhydride. The rate constants kB, kO, k2(g) were found to follow Arrhenius behavior.

On a etudie la cinetique de l'oxydation du benzene en phase gazeuse et sur un catalyseur industriel; cette oxydation s'est faite dans un reacteur a cuve soumis a une agitation continue, sous la pression atmospherique et a une echelle de temperatures variant entre 280 et 430°C. Les produits qu'on a obtenus sont l'anhydride maleique, les oxydes de carbone et l'eau. La vitesse de la reaction globale (impliquant la disparition du benzene) est representee par l'expression suivante, laquelle est basee sur un modele d'adsorption en regime stable:

On a etabli une correlation relative au taux de formation de l'anhydride maleique au moyen de l'equation suivante:

dans laquelle on prevoit un appauvrissement homogene de l'anhydride maleique.

On a constate que les constantes de vitesse kB, kO et k2(g) suivaient le comportement d'Arrhenius:


The color test method of bottle grade poyester chip is discussed in this paper. Through the experiments of color comparison of bottle grade polyster chips of various diameter, it has been found that the change of chip diameter will result in obvious change of values of L, a, b as well as standard devia- tion of test. Compared with the values resulted from full-chip test, for 20 - 40 mesh powdered-chip test, 'L' value is higher about 4 - 5,'a' value is lower about 1 and'b' value is higher about 0.5, while Ihe standard deviations are reduced to 0.028, 0.132 and 0.045 respectively, that indicates powdered- chip test is beneficial to improvement of accuracy of color test of bottle grade polyester chip.


The bending mechanical properties of aluminium alloy matrix gradient composites reinforced with SiC particles were studied using a bending test under threepoint loading. The bending strength ratios R1 and R2 of the composites were put forward. The results show that the bending mechanical properties of the Metal Matrix Gradient Composites (MMGC) do not obey the Role of Mixture (ROM) law. The bending strength is remarkably influenced by the distribution way of SiC particles and bending direction. The MMGC can develop their full potential in bending properties when the matrix component is laid at the tensile side and the component with high SiC volume fraction at the compressive side. The potential of mechanical properties and the oriented features of the MMGC by the action of gradient stress are influenced by many factors such as the state, the macrouniformity and the microcontinuity of materials. The bending strength ratios R1 and R2 can be used to justify the bending properties and the orientation of the composites.


The term "attention placebo" has been used in an imprecise and often seemingly thoughtless way for decades, and it is often confusing to encounter "attention placebo group" in outcome studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate attention placebo empirically, focusing on anxiety or phobia related problems. The two aims were (1) to describe and summarize how researchers define attention placebo in empirical studies and the intervention procedures involved in these studies; and (2) to explore the possibility of estimating the magnitude of the attention placebo effects on anxiety or phobia related problems. A thorough literature search was carried out with the keywords of attention placebo synonyms and the resulting list of 1304 articles was screened for unique empirical articles on anxiety or phobia related problems. A total of 545 articles were identified as attention placebo empirical studies, and 83 involved anxiety or phobia related problems. These 83 constituent articles were coded for the purpose of qualitative overview, and 63 articles with sufficient data were included in the meta-analysis of attention placebo effects. The results of the qualitative overview of attention placebo on anxiety or phobia related problems showed that most articles did not discuss explicitly any rationale for using an attention placebo group, but simply included one as a comparison group. The arrangements for attention placebo interventions were diverse and often reflected little concern for emulating the nonspecific features of the treatment(s) of interest. Two metaanalyses were performed based on the comparison of attention placebo and a no-


The study was conducted to examined the difference of perceptions in foodservice quality among consumers, managers and scholars by collecting of...


Forensic evaluation of psychological injury involves the use of a multimethod approximation i.e., a psychometric instrument, normally the MMPI-2, and a clinical interview. In terms of the clinical interview, the traditional clinical interview (e.g., SCID) is not valid for forensic settings as it does not fulfil the triple objective of forensic evaluation: diagnosis of psychological injury in terms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a differential diagnosis of feigning, and establishing a causal relationship between allegations of intimate partner violence (IPV) and psychological injury. To meet this requirement, Arce and Farina (2001) created the forensic-clinical interview based on two techniques that do not contaminate the contents i.e., reinstating the contexts and free recall, and a methodic categorical system of contents analysis for the diagnosis of psychological injury and a differential diagnosis of feigning. The reliability and validity of the forensic-clinical interview designed for the forensic evaluation of psychological injury was assessed in 51 genuine cases of (IPV) and 54 mock victims of IPV who were evaluated using a forensic-clinical interview and the MMPI-2. The result revealed that the forensic-clinical interview was a reliable instrument (? = .85 for diagnostic criteria of psychological injury, and ? = .744 for feigning strategies). Moreover, the results corroborated the predictive validity (the diagnosis of PTSD was similar to the expected rate); the convergence validity (the diagnosis of PTSD in the interview strongly correlated with the Pk Scale of the MMPI-2), and discriminant validity (the diagnosis of PTSD in the interview did not correlate with the Pk Scale in feigners). The feigning strategies (differential diagnosis) also showed convergent validity (high correlation with the Scales and indices of the MMPI2 for the measure of feigning) and discriminant validity (no genuine victim was classified as a feigner). Notwithstanding, feigning strategies failed to correctly classify all of the feigners indicating they must be complemented with other measures (multimethod approximation) to meet the requirements of forensic settings.


During the Wagner hydroxylation of the Z,E isomers of 5-alkoxy-3-hexenals and 3-alkoxy-4-hexenals the stereochemical result is affected is significantly by the configuration of the double bond and by the size of the substituted at the /alpha/ position to the double bond. All four possible diastereomeric 3-O, 5-O, and 3,4,5-tri-O-alkyl ethers of the acyclic 2,6-dideoxy-D,L-hexose acetals were synthesized. A method is proposed for determination of their configuration from the /sup 13/C and /sup 1/H NMR spectra. In all cases the hydroxylation was realized by the standard procedure with an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate in an alkaline medium.


Shakespeare studies in China have been concentrated on how to make the modern Chinese audiences accept and love the dramas,and The Banquet is just a dissimilation of Hamlet influenced by Chinese culture.This paper points out that the queen turns to the heroine and the new theme—desire is put forward when the masks are put on and taken off compared with Lady Macbeth,is a kind of surpass of Chinese film and is worth of praise.But the prince is simplified.


The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of myofascial trigger points pressure release versus exercises therapy in chronic cervical myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. It was found that each of the pain intensity, the neck disability index, and the range of motion of active neck side bending were more significantly improved in the group of myofascial trigger points pressure release. Three treatment sessions of myofascial trigger points pressure release are enough, while at least three sessions of exercises are necessary; for the treatment of chronic


The article deals with the principle of equality in the field of biolaw. It takes into consideration some examples concerning fundamental rights and freedom, in the light of the relationship between law and science. It considers informed consent as an instrument of equality and analyses the role played by science in the field of biolaw.


Several major applications for commercial and government markets have developed recently which will make use of small satellites. A launch vehicle designed specifically for small satellites brings many attendant benefits. Space Services Incorporated has developed the Conestoga family of launch vehicles to meet the needs of five major markets: low orbiting communication satellites, positioning satellites, earth sensing satellites, space manufacturing prototypes, and scientific experiments. The Conestoga provides low cost, rapid schedules, one-stop shopping, flexible launch sites, multiple satellite deployments, insurability, reliability, and modularity.


AIM:To explore the effects of resveratrol on sirt1 and sirt6 in 5 /6 nephrectomy rat brain.METHODS:32 male SD(Sprague Dawley)rats were randomly divided into Sham group(Sham),pathology group(Nx),losartan group(Lst) and resveratrol group(Res).Nx,Lst and Res groups were induced by 5/6 nephrectomy.Rats of Lst group were given losartan(50 mg/L) through drinking water,and rats of Res group were given resveratrol(100 mg/kg) through gavage every day from the beginning of seventh week to the end of eighth week.At the end of eighth week,all rats were measured for creatinine and urea nitrogen in serum,NAD~+,NADH,sirtl and sirt6 in rat brain.RESULTS:Compared with Nx group,the level of serum creatinine was decreased significantly in Res group;and the levels of NAD ~+,sirtl,sirt6 were increased significantly(P 0.05 or P 0.01).CONCLUSION:Resveratrol may increase NAD ~+to activate sirtl and sirt6 in rat brain.So it can play a role in protecting 5/6 nephrectomy rat brain.


The invention relates to a pontoon natural gas supply system and a natural gas supply method thereof. The pontoon natural gas supply system comprises a river bank gas supply system and a pontoon gas supply system; one end of a pressure regulation metering cabinet is connected with a medium-pressure embedded gas pipeline, the other end of the pressure regulation metering cabinet is connected with a gas control device, two ends of a special metal gas supply hose for a pontoon are respectively connected to the gas control device and the pontoon, and an emergent separation device is respectively installed on the junction of every two of the special metal gas supply hose for the pontoon, the gas control device and the pontoon; the pontoon gas supply system comprises a gas conveying system and a gas safety detection system, the gas pipeline is connected to the emergent separation device on the special metal gas supply hose for the pontoon, an exhaust system is connected with a gas leakage alarming system, the gas leakage alarming system comprises a concentration detection device and a gas alarming device, an explosion-proof electromagnetic valve is connected with the gas leakage alarming system. By implementing the pontoon natural gas supply system, the problems of the pontoon that the cost is high and the physical power is wasted in the application process of the liquefied natural gas can be solved.


While COTS test systems are becoming more widely used in depot and second-level test sets, field-level COTS testers are beginning to gain acceptance by military customers and OEM suppliers. Ruggedized lightweight housings with general purpose COTS cards and backplanes are now serving roles once reserved exclusively for custom dedicated designs. COTS PXI instrument-on-a-card manufacturers are learning how to migrate commercial designs to meet the challenges of flight line testing. These ruggedized COTS testers, offering a wide range of capabilities, are more easily upgradeable and reconfigurable than their dedicated counterparts. They also cost substantially less, making them a technically attractive and economic alternative


I was most interested in the possible potentiating effect of smoking on oral contraceptive drugs (30 August p. 529). The fact that these drugs contain an oestrogen together with the catalytic ability of certain oestrogenic phenols and the demonostration of a high concentration of phenols in the smoke of cigarettes brings to mind recent work on the action of phenols on blood coagulation. Certain phenols evolve (activate) factor 12 accelerate thrombin fibrinogen interaction retard clot retraction and inhibit plasmin. Although any or all of these phenomena may play a part in the pathogenesis of thrombosis it is worth noting that retarded clot retraction is also produced by a high level of factor 8 which is seen in patients taking oral contraceptive drugs. Failure of clot retraction would aggravate the consequences of a thrombus by preventing or delaying reestablishment of circulation thus offering an explanation of the apparently disastrous effect of thrombi seen in women on oral contraceptives.(FULL TEXT)


HIGHLIGHTS The paper quantifies the value that FSC certification brings to a company. Fuzzy logic has been introduced into the discounting cash flow method to obtain the value of FSC certification. Fuzzy mathematics have been used in order to integrate both information about companies' size and information about the sector. The companies analyzed with a valid certificate experienced an increase in their value because of FSC certification. The implementation of the ANOVA fuzzy method shows that neither the business size nor the sector influence the relationship between FSC certification and a company's value. SUMMARY Forest certification appeared in the 1990's as a way to deal with forest deterioration. Currently, however, public opposition can limit its effectiveness. Business policy makers should analyze how Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification can affect the value of companies. Yet, the relation between financial performance and forest certification systems is a subject which has not been explored to a great extent, and the measures used for evaluating financial performance in published studies are not based on business valuation. In this study, Spanish companies with FSC certification are valuated under the premises of implementation and non-implementation of FSC certification. Given the uncertainty inherent in the second option, the use of fuzzy mathematics has been considered a suitable tool. According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that regardless of size or business sector, FSC certification is effective in increasing the value of companies. The paper offers economic arguments for managers to become more environmentally responsible.


During the Great Recession, the rate at which Americans formed households fell sharply. Though the rate has recently picked up, it isn't fast enough to make up for the shortfall in household formation that occurred over the last several years. An analysis of recent household formation patterns shows that the greatest shortfall occurred among young adults and that it is related to weak economic conditions. Housing choices have shifted as well, with a greater proportion of young households living in rental housing rather than owner-occupied homes.


Organized by Aparecida Lino Paulikonis and Ida Lucia Machado, the book" Language and Speech: organization schemes", from Patrick Charaudeau, published by Contexto, is the result of a joint effort of the Interdisciplinary Circle of Discourse Analysis (ICDA, Rio), of the Faculty of Letters of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (FURJ) and the DAC (Discourse Analysis Center) of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (FUMG), Faculty of Arts, in Brazil, and the Centre d`Analyse Du Discours (CAD), from Paris XIII, in France. For years the above mentioned laboratories have maintained contact with the CAD, through the agreement between CAPES/COFECUB, and these partnerships have brought interesting contributions to research. However, despite these important relationships, researchers realized that an important part of Patrick Charaudeau's studies was not yet within the reach of the Brazilian public. Once this gap became evident, and the importance of Charaudeau's work recognized, researchers of the Brazilian context gathered around some of his writings, especially those that reflect the general lines of his Semiolinguistic Theory, translating and adapting them to the Portuguese language, which resulted in this book. The organizers point out to the notion of "adaptation" and mention that it is possible that many researchers who have already studied the Semiolinguistic Theory recognize some passages from published works by that author. However, under the supervision of the author himself, this team organized a mix of various writings, turning this work into new material as compared to a simple translation. From this perspective, many concepts were reviewed or remodeled in this edition, several tables were revised and presented again, according to the current state of the theory, several other reformulations won contemporary hues and the examples were brought to the reality of the Brazilian context. The work is justified for several reasons. The linguist that inspired it always exposed innovative concepts about Discourse Analysis, among which the "Language Act" and the roles given to the different participating subjects, phycosocial subjects and those who work with language, internal and external to such Act; the importance that is attributed to both explicit and implicit sense, always considering the circumstances of the speech that determine such Act; the contracts governing them, the different


5G mobile network is expected to serve flexible requirements hence dynamically allocate network resources according to the demands. Network slicing, where network resources are packaged and assigned in an isolated manner to set of users according to their specific requirements, is considered as a key paradigm to fulfil diversity of requirements. There will clearly be conflicting demands in allocation of such slices, and the effective provisioning of network slicing poses several challenges. Indeed, network slicing has a twofold impact in terms of user/traffic prioritization as it dictates for the simultaneous management of the priority among different slices (i.e., interslice) and the priority among the users belonging to the same slice (i.e., intra-slice). In this paper, we propose a novel heuristicbased admission control mechanism able to dynamically allocate network resources to different slices in order to maximize the satisfaction of the users while guaranteeing to meet the requirements of the slices they belong to. Through simulations, we demonstrate how our proposal provides (i) higher user experience in individual slices, (ii) increased utilization of network resources and (iii) higher scalability when the number of users in each slice increases.


This work provides guidelines aiming at obtaining a functional, non-volatile and reprogrammable NEM relay design for ultra-low power hybrid NEMS/CMOS circuits addressing various non-volatile memory applications operating at a fixed supply voltage Vdd.


Timber piles support thousands of bridges throughout the United States. Many of these timber piles have experienced significant deterioration due to fungal decay of the wood. Decayed piles mainly consist of a hollow center with an outer shell. As a result of decay many bridges with timber piles are in need of repair. Conventional repair methods typically involve expensive processes. These include providing support for the bridge in the form of falsework jacking, then extracting and replacing decayed timber piles. A cost effective timber pile repair technique was experimentally evaluated and developed. The repair method involved three basic steps. First, severely decayed material was removed and remaining wood material was treated to prevent future decay. Second, the removed wood material was replaced with aggregate and epoxy to provide compression strength. Third, the timbers were wrapped in glass fiber to provide material confinement. Actual field repaired specimens were evaluated. The repair technique provides for substantial recovery of original strength.


Selection of the appropriate solvent plays an important role in the characteristics of the membrane formation. Flat-sheet polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were formation via non-solvents induced phase separation (NIPS) technique. PES as a polymer, Brij58 as hydrophilic surfactant and three types of solvent were used to prepare the dope solution. This paper attempts to show the effects of three different solvents there are; dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethylacetamide (DMAc) on characterizations and performance of fabricated membranes. The fabricated membranes in this study were characterized by measuring water contact angle and mechanical properties. The performance of fabricated membranes was carried out using a dead-end ultrafiltration module. Solubility between solvent and non-solvent is an essential factor in the membrane formation process. The porosity of membrane fabricated from the system of PES/Brij/DMAc was higher than membrane made from another system, so that the water permeability of this membrane was higher than others. The membrane fabricated with DMAc as solvent had a tensile strength of 12.42 kgf/mm2.


In the current cyber-threat environment, a well-educated workforce is critical to U.S. national security. Today, however, nearly six hundred thousand cybersecurity positions remain unfilled across the public and private sectors. This report explores high school cybersecurity competitions as a potential avenue for increasing the domestic cyber talent pipeline. The authors examine the competitions, their reach, and their impact on students' educational and professional development.


This study aims to investigate the relationship between technological acceptance factors (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, and habit) and technological readiness factors (optimism, innovation, resilience


Research data of our department show that purulent staphylococcal processes, difficult to treat because of their complication with Proteus, under the influence of treatment with a combination of penicillin and synthomycin (or levomycetin) proceed more easily and end earlier than those treated with penicillin alone (Melnikov, Gubaidullina, Kutdusova). However, even with the combination of penicillin and synthomycin complete recovery of animals comes not earlier than 4-5 weeks. Such duration of the healing process, we must think, to some extent associated with inhibition of immunological reactions by antibiotics, which contributes to the preservation of proteus in the wound and delays the process of tissue regeneration.In this regard, the question of reasonable forms and methods of adding any stimulating drugs to antibiotic therapy, providing greater efficiency in the fight against infection, is of interest. In search of such a method we stopped on pentoxyl.


Distribution plant under the Serving Area Concept (SAC) is the plant on the customer side of the Serving Area Interface. The major part of this plant is the cable network connecting each customer to the interface. Sizing of distribution cables involves a trade-off between current construction costs and future costs that may be incurred. Thus, providing more cable pairs initially costs more at the outset, but reduces relief and rearrangement costs in the future. A set of cost models is described which allows these trade-offs to be studied. These models are applied to examples of aerial cable plant to show how the best cable sizing may be determined.


This paper analyzes the definition of "learning in a regular classroom" (LRC), makes a comparison between LRC and inclusive education, and subsequently conducts an exploration into the nature of LRC. The conclusion is that LRC is a pragmatic model of inclusion that has evolved out of a compromise between the Western concept of inclusion and practical considerations related to Chinese social and educational conditions.


One of the most significant issues faced by humanity today is antibiotic resistance. Drugs are used in such vast amounts for human health, aquatic life, and agricultural animals that harmful bacteria have developed antibiotic resistance to various antibiotics. Further, the usage of antibiotics is increasing because of situations such as increased infections and chronic diseases that need antimicrobial treatment. Since antimicrobial resistance is rising, it is necessary to take action to help reduce and eliminate infectious diseases and ensure animal and human health. Because of this, many attempts are being made to tackle multi-drugresistant bacteria. Among the many advanced techniques that are occurring, the use of phage therapy is one such emerging procedure. The main aim of this prospective review is to identify the various new phage formulations available as a potential therapeutic intervention to combat multidrug resistance among bacteria and the objective is to identify the various reasons associated with the induction of the phenomenon of "multidrug resistance" among different bacteria, focusing on the use of phage therapy, its advantages as well as disadvantages over antibiotics as a possible therapeutic intervention. Various phage formulations, such as phage cocktails with antibiotics, nanoparticles, phage-delivering hydrogels, and many more, are emerging formulations that have successful results in fighting against multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Commercial phage solutions have helped combat antimicrobial resistance in poultry and livestock farms, improving everyone's health worldwide. As a result, this study shall serve as a source of information and understanding of the concerns mentioned above for the entirety of society and every human community.


There is an increase in the risks of crisis in the industrial sector and especially engineering in the conditions of the 2020 solvency crisis and the strengthening of the impact of the crisis on the activities of all sectors of the economy of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the solvency of industrial and machinebuilding enterprises of Ukraine on the basis of statistical quantitative analysis of enterprises in the industry. The following signs of reduced solvency were identified being based on the statistical analysis of macroeconomic indicators: the decrease in delivery in foreign markets; reduction of the share of mechanical engineering in the volume of sales of industrial products; reducing the growth rate of the industry; reduction of the current liquidity level; a high level of dependence on external sources and a higher level of bankruptcy risk in the long run. The main management methods in such conditions are: cost reduction, enterprise restructuring, re-equipment, modernization of production, innovative development, debt restructuring.


Nightmares are a common occurrence after experiencing a traumatic event and are a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Additionally, nightmares are associated with higher levels of suicidal ideation, attempt, and death from suicide. Nightmares may be an early sign of suicide risk in populations that have experienced trauma, however, there are no studies that have investigated this potential link. This study aims to determine whether more severe nightmares in the aftermath of trauma will prospectively predict later suicidal ideation, independent of comorbid insomnia.

 We recruited adults that were admitted to the intensive care unit at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit after experiencing a DSM-5 Criterion A traumatic event (N = 76, Mage = 38.39, 65.8% male). Participants completed study surveys at three time points: T1 (an average of 6 days after trauma), T2 (two weeks after T1), and T3 (1 month after T1). Nightmare and insomnia severity were measured at T2 with the Nightmare Disorder Index (NDI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), respectively. Suicidal ideation was measured at T3 using item nine on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).

 More severe nightmares in the acute aftermath of trauma (T2) predicted more severe SI two weeks later at T3 (β = 0.49, SE = .17, p = .004, R2 = .22). This association remained even after adjusting for T1 SI, T2 ISI, age, and sex (β = 0.36, SE = .18, p = .044, R2 = .31).

 More severe nightmares in the acute aftermath of trauma predicted more severe SI one month after trauma, independent of comorbid insomnia symptoms and baseline suicidal ideation. These findings suggest that the onset of nightmares immediately after trauma may confer a unique risk for SI. In clinical practice, it may be useful to detect nightmares in the aftermath of trauma using brief measures such as the NDI. Trauma survivors that develop frequent and severe nightmares within the acute recovery phase could then be given targeted nightmare treatment to reduce the risk of later SI.


The maximum phase of the solar cycle is characterized by several interesting features in the solar activity, heliospheric characteristics and the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity. Recently the maximum phase of the current solar cycle (SC) 24, in many relations anomalous when compared with solar cycles of the second half of the 20-th century, came to the end. The corresponding phase in the GCR intensity cycle is also in progress. In this paper we study different aspects of the sunspot, heliospheric and GCR behavior around this phase. Our main conclusions are as follows: 1) The maximum phase of the sunspot SC 24 ended in 06.2014, the development of the sunspot cycle being similar to those of SC 14, 15 (the Glaisberg minimum). The maximum phase of SC 24 in the GCR intensity is still in progress. 2) The inversion of the heliospheric magnetic field consists of three stages, characterized by the appearance of the global heliospheric current sheet (HCS), connecting all longitudes. In two transition dipole stages beside the global HCS there are additional local HCSs, while the inversion stage lies between two transition dipole ones and there is no global HCS in this stage. The inversion stage of the current SC 24 is the longest when compared with those for SC 21-23. The second transition dipole stage and hence the whole inversion period of the heliospheric magnetic field in SC 24 provisionally ended in 08.2014. 3) The behavior of the GCR intensity in the period of the sunspot maximum phase and the inversion of the heliospheric magnetic fields for SC 21-23 demonstrates all the characteristic features for this period: the two-gap structure corresponding to two-peak structure in the sunspot activity, and the energy hysteresis. In the current SC 24 the GCR intensity shows rather unusual features and we should wait for one or even two years to see the whole picture.


Sedition Act 1948 is a Malaysian law that provides sentence for seditious acts. However, there was a
suggestion to abolish this Sedition Act because it hinders the freedom of speech and thus contrary to Article 10 of the Federal Constitution. Nonetheless, freedom of speech should has a limitation.The methodology of qualitative
research is done with the use of analytical study of case laws, provisions of law and literature review.The objectives of research are for better understanding of the needs, applicability, obstructions and impacts facing the implementation of Sedition Act in Malaysia.Research findings showed that from the substantive and procedural
aspect, Sedition Act has been in practice since the British occupation for the purpose of keeping the unity of people.Research findings also narrowed down to the difficuilties in applying a complete and correct understanding
regarding sedition act in a muti racial society with varies religions.This working paper concluded that the implementation of Sedition Act in Malaysia is needed as the provisions in the Act are able to uphold and protect the national unit of multi racial in Malaysia.


There is ample evidence that children with disabilities and their families, especially those living in disadvantaged areas, have more difficulties in securing access to services, receive poorer quality services, and suffer from multiple external disadvantages. To meet these challenges, better data are needed to improve planning and delivery of disability services, including the number of disabled individuals, their specific conditions, their use of services, responsiveness of these services, which needs are met or unmet, and the social and environmental factors that influence these variables. The papers by Russell et al. and Carter et al. seek to address these timely policy information needs. They provide two telling examples of targeted data-based analysis and subsequent evidence-based policy recommendations focusing on the identification of groups of people with disabilities and their relationships with education, primary care, health, and social care systems. Russell et al. examine the services provided by the government of Alberta for children with disabilities and their families. Based on cross-departmental administrative data, authors trace the relationship between demographics and specific health conditions, and the use of special education support service. In addition, various facilitators or barriers to the use of family-based disability services are identified. Among the main interests of this paper are the implications identified for eligibility and referral policies and practices in this area, which could be directly improved by earlier and simpler processes. Carter et al. examine the utilization of health care services for children and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) by severity in Northern Ireland. Using cross-sectoral data, the authors found that children and young adults with CP have more admissions and longer hospital stays than children and young adults without CP. Cause for emergency admissions and cause of death are also most likely for respiratory diseases and neurological disorders. In addition, children and young adults with CP with the most severe physical disabilities are 10 times more likely to be admitted and four times more likely to receive outpatient treatment than children and young adults with more moderate disabilities. The authors conclude that the provision of health services that meet the needs of this population could be improved by using the available data in primary care. Furthermore, improving the current coding of these data could develop a better understanding of the reasons for the use of health services among children and young adults with CP, which could lead to the identification of patterns of unnecessary use of health services. Although the studies were conducted in two different jurisdictions, with different target groups and systems, both provide the same compelling observation regarding the planning and delivery of services for people with disabilities; namely, that services could be significantly improved by better data integration across the primary care, education, health care, and social care sectors. Such information integration appears to be an obvious prerequisite for moving towards a model of service delivery in which programs are coordinated, with respect to needs of the users and their access to services. This requires that programs and professionals share information with each other and with families at appropriate points in the service delivery process. As highlighted in the two studies, the necessary infrastructural arrangements (such as shared user data and cross-sectoral cooperation) and the use of technology-based resources need to be developed. Future research is necessary to understand what prevents the whole system of disability services from routinely adapting its work to the needs of children with disabilities and then to align its processes to support integrated service delivery.


The present invention relates to fragrance or flavor industry. Relates acetals of the present invention is more particularly the formula (I), wherein reference numeral R The present invention further relates to the compounds perfumed component or product, or perfume or flavor to impart composition the perfume or flavor containing compounds according to the uses and the present invention has been applied as a flavoring ingredient.


This paper introduces Trip Experience Sampling (TES)---a low-tech method to gather driver experiences in the car. It builds upon the original paper-and-pencil based experience sampling method and applies it to the automotive context. TES uses driver logbooks to survey user experience at the end of a trip while still sitting in the car. To proof the feasibility of TES we collected 475 trip experience samples from 20 participants in a field study. Our study showed that TES is a feasible and successful method to conduct user experience research in the car without distracting the driver. TES is a successful method in terms of return rate, trip diversity, data quality and subjective participants' responses. The strengths of the method lie in the entire abandonment of technology making it a quantifiable field method, which is easy to conduct.


Weapons for Victory originally appeared in 1995, the fiftieth anniversary of the end of World War II. Now, in this paperback edition, Robert James Maddox provides a new introduction about the ongoing controversy related to the decision to bomb Hiroshima.


Introduction: Damage to the nasal cavities and sinuses of the face concern many disciplines, especially the specialist in Otorhinolaryngology and Cervi-cal-Facial Surgery (ENT-CFS), since most symptoms have little value to direct the patient towards a precise diagnosis, radiological exploration, including three-dimensional imaging, provides diagnostic, therapeutic and follow-up support. The aim is to study the clinical and computed tomography scan as-pects of non-traumatic chronic nasosinusitis disorders at the Teaching Univer-sity Hospital of Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU/HKM) in Cotonou. Materi-al and Method: It was a descriptive and analytical study with retrospective collection, carried out over a period of 36 months from January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2016; on 261 files of patients seen in Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) and Cervico Facial Surgery (CFS) consultating for a chronic nasosinusi-tis disorder with no trauma notion and having performed a CT scan. Results: Chronic lesions of the nasal sinus cavities accounted for 13.42% of ENT con-sultations. There was female predominance with a sex ratio of 0.85. The clinic varied, the most common signs were rhinorrhea (74%), headache (73.6%) and sneezing (38.3%). On computed tomography scan, 225 results were pathologi-cal. Sinus backfilling was in the lead with 66.7% followed by mucous thicken-ing with 60.44%, and by bone involvement in 28%. Inflammatory pathologies (82.22%) were on top of the list, followed by pseudo-tumoral pathologies (20.9%). The anterior sinus complex was the most affected (56%) with predominance of the maxillary sinuses. Conclusion: chronic nasosinusitis dis-orders are frequent in daily practice, with a varied clinic. Computed tomogra-phy scan is a major diagnostic tool that should be favored.


PRURITUS as a manifestation of iron deficiency, to the best of our knowledge, has not been described. The following report presents such a case. Report of a Case A 62-year-old woman was seen in the outpatient clinic in August 1975, with a six-month history of generalized itching that had recently become more severe. Her only medications were conjugated estrogens and occasional aspirin. Results of a physical examination and a dermatological examination were normal. She was treated with diphenhydramine hydrochloride, with no relief of itching. At a follow-up clinic visit, psychogenic itching was diagnosed, and her medication was changed to meprobamate. In December 1975, she was seen again complaining of unrelieved itching, shortness of breath, and chest pain characteristic of angina pectoris. She had stopped taking meprobamate a few weeks previously, since it did not relieve her pruritus. Present medications were conjugated estrogens and aspirin. Findings from a physical examination showed


The author introduces a method for eliminate inerratic background interference in forensic Image,It can work on color image and the result is also a color one,is propitious to the case that need for saving the color detail or farther color isolation process.


This paper presents an experimental study of the dryout point of flow boiling in bilaterally heated narrow annular channel with 1.5mm and 2mm annular gap, respectively. The range of pressure is 2.0~4.0MPa and that of mass flux is 40~80kg/m2 s. кутателадзе's equation which is adaptable to tubes is used to deal with the experimental data and an empirical equation is obtained. Again this empirical equation is amended, then an empirical equation of the dryout point suitable for narrow annular channel is obtained.


A radii-based evolutionary algorithm is applied in solving a difficult classification problem concerning diabetes diagnosis. The algorithm was designed to treat multimodality and has recently successfully been applied in the optimization of several multimodal functions. The medical problem to be solved is to predict the diagnosis – either diabetic or not – for a set of patients, given some personal and medical conditions. Proposed algorithm gives a high accuracy of prediction and thus provides a good means of understanding the factors that doctors consider when diagnosing diabetes and a way of checking the consistency of decision making. A clear advantage over other computational techniques is that, besides the outcome for patients in the test set, the algorithm also provides simple rules that led to that decision.


The utility model provides a water vapor separator of inner-part corrugated plates of a boiler barrel of a steam boiler, relating to a water vapor separator of the inner part of a boiler barrel of a steam boiler and solving the problem that gravity separation effect is poor as the existing vapor water separator of the inner part of a boiler barrel of a steam boiler is limited by steam space. A plurality of first corrugated plates and a plurality of second corrugated plates are arranged between an upper end plate and a lower end plate and are alternately arranged, and the upper end plate, a plurality of first corrugated plates, a plurality of second corrugated plates and the lower end plate are fixedly connected by two support location rods. A plurality of first supporting blocks are fixedly arranged in the trough of each first corrugated plate, and a plurality of second supporting blocks are fixedly arranged in the peak of each first corrugated plate. A plurality of third supporting blocks are fixedly arranged in the trough of each second corrugated plate, and a plurality of fourth supporting blocks are fixedly arranged in the peak of each second corrugated plate. The water vapor separator is suitable for water vapor separation of the inner part of the boiler barrel of the steam boiler.


In this study, porous anodic alumina was formed by anodizing of aluminum alloy AA6061 in oxalic acid with concentration ranged from 0.1 M to 1.0 M respectively. AA6061 alloys were anodized at 40 V and 25°C for 60 minutes. FESEM images show that the uniformity of the pores arrangement of porous anodic alumina depends significantly on the concentration of oxalic acid. Well-ordered porous anodic alumina was formed in oxalic acid of 0.3 M, 0.5 M and 0.7 M while disordered porous anodic alumina were formed when the oxalic acid of 0.1 M and 1.0 M were used as electrolytes. EDX analysis revealed that the only peaks corresponding to aluminum and oxygen were detected. Pore size was found to increase with the concentration of oxalic acid while the interpore distance remained almost unchanged although the concentration of oxalic acid increased from 0.1 M to 0.7 M. Atypical anodic alumina without pores arrangement was formed when 1.0 M oxalic acid was used for anodizing.


Lipids are often overlooked for their functional relevance in the biological membranes, while membrane-bound proteins with their great diversity of pumps, channels and enzymes are seen as the major driving force for most dynamic processes occurring in biomembranes. Lipids are in fact much more versatile than a mere physical support for biomembranes or a rich source of energy for cells. From cholesterol, determining the assembly of integral membrane proteins in the lipid rafts, to diacylglycerol and inositides as the key secondary messengers, the diversity of lipid functions is constantly being discovered. Even more unknown is the role of those non-customary, minor lipids. One such bizarre lipid is phosphatidylthreonine (PtdThr), originally described as a byproduct of mammalian phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) synthase, when threonine was used as an alternative substrate (instead of serine) for the baseexchange reaction with phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn). In our lately published work [1], we surprisingly identified PtdThr as the major and natural phospholipid in a prevalent protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, where it was even three to four times more abundant than the prototypical PtdSer. To reveal the origin of this unusual phospholipid we examined the two putative base-exchange-type lipid synthases encoded by the parasite genome. When expressed in E. coli, both enzymes used serine as a substrate to produce PtdSer, but only one of them, henceforth called PtdThr synthase (TgPTS), was able to readily utilize threonine into PtdThr. When the TgPTS gene was disrupted, not only the de novo synthesis of PtdThr was abolished, but also the amount of PtdSer was proportionally increased in the mutant parasites. Moreover, complementation of the mutant with an exogenous gene copy of TgPTS reinstated PtdThr and reversed PtdSer to a normal level. Physiological relevance of the catalytic activity of TgPTS was confirmed by expressing a TgPTS isoform containing a deletion in the predicted base-exchange domain. The results also indicated that TgPTS could generate PtdThr by a baseexchange mechanism similar to the one used by the mammalian PtdSer synthases to make PtdSer. TgPTS and its orthologs in selected Chromalveolates (Neospora, Eimeria and Phytophthora) contain a series of mutations in the vicinity of the conserved substrate binding pocket when compared to the mainstream PtdSer synthases including TgPSS. These residues may be critical to a divergent evolution of these two enzymes. But, what is the importance of PtdThr and can PtdSer replace its physiological function in T. gondii? To address these questions we resorted to a comprehensive analysis of the parasite's lytic cycle, i.e. the successive steps of intracellular replication, egress and ensuing invasion of fresh host cells. Surprisingly, the loss of PtdThr in the Δtgpts mutant did not affect the parasite replication, suggesting that PtdThr is dispensable for membrane biogenesis and that it can be readily replaced by its near-universal analog PtdSer in this regard. But then, why did T. gondii invent an enzymatic pathway to produce such a peculiar lipid? The answer lies in the other two steps of the lytic cycle, egress and invasion, both showing a noteworthy impairment in the Δtgpts mutant. Egress and invasion are active processes requiring motile parasites. Therefore, parasite motility was evaluated and, as expected, it was also blunted by the lack of PtdThr and recovered upon genetic complementation with a functional enzyme. Next, we investigated whether the observed in vitro defects in egress, invasion and motility impacted the parasite virulence in a murine model. Animals survived the infection with the Δtgpts mutant, even at 100-fold higher doses compared to control mice infected with the parental strain, which was explicitly


A number of Dy3+-doped crystals have been studied and spectroscopic and theoretical data suggests that Dy3+:chlorides are promising candidates for amplification of the 1.3 µm signal used by the telecommunications network. In particular, LaCl3:Dy3+ has an emission band centered around 1.3 µm with a radiative lifetime greater than one millisecond which is consistent with a quantum yield above 70% (compared to 3% for Pr:ZBLAN). Gain data from pump-probe experiments at 1.3 19 µm and 1338 µm resulted in a net gain of 13% and ~14%, respectively.


This paper is concerned with incorporation of a noise prediction method based on acoustic analogy in a generalpurpose computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code based on finite-volume Navier-Stokes solver. Near-field aerodynamics can be obtained by solving, when appropriate, unsteady inviscid (Euler) equations, Navier-Stokes equations, averaged or filtered Navier-Stokes equations. Propagation of sound waves is computed using the time-domain integral formulation of Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings. Both the flow solver and the acoustics module are fully parallelized. A forward time-projection technique is employed to effect the time-lag between emission and reception times. Some implementational issues impacting the usability are discussed, such as user-interfaces, data management, and postprocessing. Also discussed are some diagnostic tools useful to extract quantitative information on the local contributions from different parts of the emission surfaces. Several examples are presented, including simple two-dimensional cases to a more complex three-dimensional one.


The shortage of donated kidneys continues to limit transplant activity'-'. Retrieval from asystolic donors using in situ renal perfu~ion~.~ can increase the donor pool. The authors have established a programme for the retrieval of kidneys from asystolic or non-heart beating donors and demonstrated an early increase in transplant rate5. The aim of the present study was to compare the function of these grafts with that of heart beating donor conventional renal transplants performed during the same period.


Transformed cells from 80 to 85% of human cancers display measureable levels of active TERT, the reverse transcriptase subunit of telomerase which is essential for growth and survival of these cells.1 It is well known that the TERT promoter is transcriptionally silenced in development soon after stem cells loose stemness and differentitae. Although interesting from the point of view of regeneratrive medicine, the mechanism by which TERT promoter is shut off during differentiation remains to be understood. But perhaps more importantly, from the view point of cancer biology, the mechanism by which the TERT promoter is transcriptioanlly reactivated in many cancers is a major question to be addressed. Several labs over the last decade have tried to tackle this central question with little or no success.

Recently, 2 prevalent and mutually exclusive somatic mutations in the human TERT promoter were described, initially in over 70% of melanoms and then in a plethora of other cancers with varying frequency.2 The fact that these mutations at positions −124 and −146 from the start (also reffered to as C250T and C228T), correlated with reactivation of TERT and predicted poor prognosis for the patients harboring them, spiked the intetrest of many researchers. It was believed that these mutations could somehow molecularly define how TERT promoter is turned on, at least in these select cancers. The intitial excitement in understaning the mechanism of TERT reactivation by these mutations was somewhat muted due to the realization that both these mutations create a predicted binding site for E26 (ETS) transcription factors, several sites for which exist in the wild type TERT promoter. It was not apparent how does the creation of a new ETS site endow an all-or-none shift in the activation of the TERT promoter. It is known that auto-inhibition is a rate limiting step in activation of ETS factors which need to hetero/homo dimerize with other factors to activate transcription. The signaling cascade(s) that eventually lead to the binding of one of the many ETS factors and presumably a new cancer specific factor to these mutant TERT promoters was also not defined. Furthermore, it was not clear if both the recurrent C250T and C228T mutations molecularly work in the same fashion.

In a recent paper,3 we suggest that one transcription factor that dimerizes with and activates ETS dependent transcription, only from the C250T site is the p52 NF-κB subunit. This subunit is specifically activated by non-canonical NFκB signaling, which is known to be hyperactive in gliomas. Upregulation of Fn14 receptor, which could be a key driver of non-canonical NFκB signaling is also documented in GBMs. It is also plausible that NIK kinase which is required to generate and hence activate p52, is upregulated in GBM or other such cancers with TERT promoter mutations by yet to be identified mechanims. Using glioblastomas, 83% of which display one of the 2 TERT promoter mutations, we show that p52 specifically binds the C250T (and not C228) site along with ETS1/2 in these cancers, for the first time suggesting functional differences in the operation of the 2 TERT promoter mutations.

While C250T mutant promoters require non-canonical NFκB signaling for stable ETS binding and further chromatin remodelling, the WT promoter does not seem to work in this fashion. Bioinformatic and molecular assays explain why TERT is not activated in somatic cells with WT TERT promoter with frequent activation of ETS factors or NFκB signaling which is a housekeeping signaling pathway. The juxtaposition of a ETS binding site next (created due to mutation) to a pre-existing p52 half site close to the C250T position is what turns the C250T mutant promoter. This combination of sites does not occure at the WT (or the C228T position) (Fig. 1). Indeed several other positions in the human genome may posses this combination of sites and could be functionally turned on by ETS and NFκB, much like what is known for ETS and RUNX factors in B cell development.

Figure 1.

A model for reactivation of C250T mutant TERT promoter in cancers. Wild type TERT promoter is heavily methylated (as indicated by orange stars). The transcription start sites are denoted by a arrow. Upon mutaion at C250T position, binding site for ETS ...

These results also suggest that developing therapeutics4 which prevent non-canonical NFκB pathway activation in cells harboring mutant TERT promoter could be a strategy that will benefit cancer patients. Why do cancer cells co-opt to use p52 and ETS binding to activate C250T promoter? Unlike the canonical NFκB pathway5,6 which is rapidly activated and turned off, the non-canonical NFκB pathway is slow and persistent and is known to regulate lymphoid organogeneis, as well as bone and B cell development. Since mutant TERT promoters must remain persistently open following reactivation, cancer cells may have co-opted to use p52 bidning driven by non-canonical NFκB activity for mild but presistent expression of TERT. It is possible that once open by distinct mechanims, all TERT promoters are driven by other transcriptions factors like MYC which have been documented to activate this promoter in many contexts.7

Several questions remain to be addressed. Why are TERT promoter mutations seen only in some cancers and not others? What are the functional differences between C250T and C228T mutations in terms of the upstream signaling pathways that drive them (or stabilize ETS)? It is clear that these mutations are not seen in stem cells suggesting that the mechanism by which TERT promoter remains ON during stem cell maintenance are distinct from those used to regulate its activity and levels in cancers.


[Purpose] The purpose of this research was to verify the effect of a plastic ankle foot orthosis on the balance and waking ability of community-dwelling individuals with chronic stroke. [Subjects] Thirty-nine stroke subjects participated in this study. They were receiving hospital day-care and usually wore a shoehorn brace (SHB) on usual day. [Method] The Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the number of steps and time of the Timed "Up and Go" Test (TUG), and the walking speed, stride length, and walking rate of the Maximum Walking Speed (MWS) were measured with and without the SHB. [Result] When wearing the SHB, the BBS score increased significantly, except for seating position maintenance, the number of steps and time of TUG decreased significantly, and the walking speed, stride length, and walking rate of MWS increased significantly. [Conclusion] SHB improves the balance and walking ability of individuals with chronic stroke.


This work reports new photometric results of eclipsing cataclysmic variable V617 Sagittarii (V617 Sgr). We analyzed the orbital period change of V617 Sgr by employing three new (since 2010) CCD eclipse timings along with all the available data from the literature. It was found that the orbital period of V617 Sgr undergoes an obvious long-term increase, which confirms the result revealed by Steiner et al. (2006). The rate of orbital period increase was calculated to be Ṗ = +2.14(0.05) × 10−7 d yr−1. This suggests the lifetime of the secondary star will end in a timescale of 0.97 × 106 yr faster than that predicted previously. In particular, a cyclic variation with a period of 4.5 yr and an amplitude of 2.3 min may appear in the O − C diagram. Dominated by the windaccretion mechanism, high mass transfer from the low mass secondary to the white dwarf is expected to continue in the V Sge-type star V617 Sgr during its long-term evolution. The mass transfer rate |Ṁ tr| was estimated to be in the range of about 2.2 × 10−7 to 5.2 × 10−7 M yr−1. Accordingly, the already massive (≥ 1.2 M ) white dwarf primary will process stable nuclear burning, accrete a fraction of the mass from its companion to reach the standard Chandrasekhar mass limit ( 1.38 M ), and ultimately produce a type Ia supernova (SN Ia) within about 4–8 × 105 yr or earlier.


This work deals with the problem of automated classification and recognition of bacteria after obtaining their DNA by the sequencing process. In the scope of this paper, a new classification method based on the 16S rRNA gene segment is designed and described. The presented principle is based on the tree structure of taxonomic categories and uses well-known machine learning algorithms to classify bacteria into one of the connected classes at a given taxonomic level. a part of this work is also dedicated to implementation of the described algorithm and evaluation of its prediction accuracy. The performance of various classifier types and their settings is examined and the setting with the best accuracy is determined. Accuracy of the implemented algorithm is also compared to an existing method based on BLAST local alignment algorithm available in the QIIME microbiome analysis toolkit.


When NEO approaching to the Earth close then 0.05 AU its apparent rate begin increasing and magnitude begin decreasing rapidly by hyperbolic low. When small NEO close to the Earth it is observable for the small telescopes, but after going away it may become unobservable for the most of telescopes. Observations of NEO on short distances are valuable for the orbit determination. Increasing of NEO's apparent rate causes limitation of exposure time in case if telescope observe in star tracking mode. So the telescope's limited magnitude can't be reached. Not all telescopes are able to track NEO with two axles. Frames obtained while NEO tracking contain stretched images of stars. Stretched stars images and telescope movement with two axles while exposure time cause accuracy decreasing. An original combined observation method is used in RI NAO for observation of NEOs having apparent rate >10″/min without any telescope mechanical tracking. There are two telescopes in RI AO that can observe NEOs, fast moving near the Earth at distances 0.0002 ÷ 0.05 AU.


This article reports on a new method of monitoring nanoscale contacts in switches based on nanoelectromechanical systems, where the contact-mode switching characteristics can be recorded with the sensitive embedded piezoresistive (PZR) strain transducers. The devices are manufactured using state-of-the-art wafer-scale silicon-on-insulator technology featuring suspended silicon cantilevers and beams as switching elements and sub-100 nm thin silicon nanowires (SiNWs) as PZR transducers. Several different device configurations are studied, including mechanically 'cross'-shaped ('+'), coupled cantilever-SiNW structures, with and without local drain electrodes, and doubly clamped SiNW beams. Through detailed measurement and analysis, we demonstrate that the PZR transducers can enable detection of both mechanical and tunneling switching with multiple repeatable cycles. With the strong PZR effects in thin SiNWs, this type of device could be valuable especially for monitoring cold switching events, and when conventional direct readout of the switching events from the local gate or drain electrodes would not be efficient or sensitive, as nanoscale contacts may not be highly conductive, or may be degrading over time.


This article presents the aspect of aesthetic education using issue of artistic book graphics for pre-school children and early school education students. It presents the assumptions of education in this field. Particular attention was focused on the educational impact of book illustrations. A brief historical outline of Polish artistic illustration in the children's book was presented. Key development trends and representative figures of Polish illustration have been pointed out.
Examples of the use of an outstanding author's book by the authors for workshop forms of book culture animation among children were presented. They constitute a reference and justification of activities initiated in the implementation of the "ZA PROGIEM – wyprawy odkrywców" project at the pedagogical faculty of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin and "Warsztaty językowo-czytelnicze" [en. "Language and reading workshops"] conducted by Małgorzata Centner-Guz. In the era of new media, which for the young generation are an extremely important element of their life, not just communication life, for the youngest recipients contact with the book is still important.


6010 Background: The Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG) has demonstrated significant improvements in breast cancer (BC) outcomes associated with adjuvant tamoxifen (TAM) an...