Nanoparticles are particles with a size of 100 nm or less, which have different properties from bulk materials. For various applications of such nanoparticles, it is desired to develop a high-rate synthesis method for nanoparticles. The authors have developed pulse modulated induction thermal plasma (PMITP) and time-controlled feedstock feeding (TCFF) method, as a method for synthesizing large amounts of nanoparticles [1]. In PMITP, the temperature of thermal plasma can be controlled in the order of milliseconds by amplitude-modulating the high-frequency coil current in a rectangular waveform. To this PMITP, feedstock particles are intermittently injected to be evaporated in high-temperature period, and then the evaporated feedstock vapor is transported to downstream of the plasma torch, where nucleation occurs due to supersaturation state, generating nanoparticles.


Objective Our purpose is to evaluate the effects of Di-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate(DEHP) on the development of central nerve system and neuro behavior in offspring by embryonic exposure and to explore the mechanism of DEHP developmental neurotoxicity.Methods The female Wistar rats were gavaged consecutively with the DEHP dose of 0 mg/(kg·d),10 mg/(kg·d),100 mg/(kg·d) and 500 mg/(kg·d) from pregnancy day 1 to 19.After the offspring were born,the changes of behavior teratology and neurobehavioral and Ca2+concentration of hippocampus neurons cells on PND 21 were observed.Results The time of 500 mg/(kg·d) DEHP group was shorter than that of the control group on negative geotaxis reflection experiment,the time of 100 mg/(kg·d) and 500 mg/(kg·d) DEHP groups were longer than control group on Air righting reflex.The difference was statistically significant(P0.05).The difference of error times and incubation period were found in DEHP-treated groups compared with the control group;Electric shock times increasing and active escape time prolong in the DEHP-treated groups compared to the control group.Both the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).The concentrations of the DEHP-treated groups were increasing significantly compared with control group and there was a certain dose-response relationship.Conclusion After embryonic exposure to DEHP the develop mental toxicity of rat offsprings appeared.The changes of concentration may be mechanism of DEHP developmental neurotoxicity.


Objective To observe the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)in the expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L) on platelets membrane,and to investigate the correlation between platelet stimulation,systemic inflammation and coagulation.Methods 40 patients undergoing open heart operation by CPB were studied.Blood samples were collected from peripheral arterial 10 minutes after anesthesia induction(T1),30 minutes after CPB(T2),instant on the termination of CPB(T3),after 2 hours(T4),4 hours(T5),8 hours and at the termination of CPB(T6).The expression of CD40L and CD62P on platelet membrane,plasma TNF-α concentration,total amount of bleeding after 24-hour CPB were detected.Results The expression levels of CD40L on platelet membrane were significantly increased after CPB(P0.01),which reached its peak at the termination of CPB and returned to the baseline after 8 hours.The CD40L was significantly correlated with CD62P,TNF-α and the amount of bleeding respectively(P0.01).Conclusion The expression of CD40L on platelet membrane increases with the platelet-activation caused by CPB.The platelet-derived CD40L may be involved in both the thrombotic and inflammatory events accompanied with CPB.


This paper utilizes the feedforward voltage control (FVC) for the power conditioner, aimed to minimize the output capacitance and harmonic input currents of the ACDC voltage conversion. Therefore, the size and cost of the capacitance can be decreased, and the current stress on the devices can also be reduced. Moreover, the power conditioner improves the power factor (PF) and total harmonic distortion (THD) for the AC-DC voltage conversion. In this paper, the concept of FVC is introduced, and the derived equations, design procedures, and power conditioner features will be analyzed. Finally, computer simulations are presented to verify the effectiveness and performance of the application.


Eighteen years ago I had the honor of presenting to the American Medical Association, which then met in this same city of Detroit, an article upon "The Management of Eczema," which, as I have since learned, was the first article relating to diseases of the skin which had ever been printed in the Transactions of this Association. It has seemed therefore very fitting to again present here an article upon the subject of eczema, relating to aphase of it which was entirely unknown at the time I read the article alluded to. In my former paper I attempted briefly to go over the subject of the nature of eczema and its proper treatment, and I dwelt largely upon the constitutional origin of the disease and its management by diet, internal medication and external applications. I endeavored to show that the eruption upon the skin was very commonly but an external


Urban university students bring multiple assets to learning and the study of learning. As partners with faculty in the scholarship of teaching and learning, they have life circumstances opportune for study of impacts on learning of technology, cultural diversity, lifelong learning, assumption of social responsibility, and self-direction.


The invention provides an electric pneumatic breaking control device for rail transit vehicles and control method thereof. The electric pneumatic breaking control device comprises an electric pneumatic breaking control module, a train braking management unit, an MVB (Multifunction Vehicle Bus) network communication module and a sensor module, wherein the electric pneumatic breaking control module is used for sending an available maximum braking force value to a train braking management unit; the train braking management unit is used for calculating the available maximum braking value of a train and a braking force percentage signal required to be played by the train and sending the percentage signal to the electric pneumatic breaking control module of each train; the MVB network communication module is arranged between the electric pneumatic breaking control module and the train braking management unit, achieves information interaction with the train braking management unit through an MVB and achieves information interaction with the electric pneumatic breaking control module through a CAN (Controller Area Network) bus; the sensor module is used for acquiring the information and the related environment information of the train per se. The electric pneumatic breaking control device for the rail transit vehicles and the control method thereof can meet the use requirements of the rail transit vehicles and have better economical efficiency.


This paper discusses the role of social capital with respect to regional climate change policy. Nowadays, greenhouse gas emissions from the household and service sectors especially are increasing in Japan. Therefore, raising public awareness on climate change policies is necessary at the regional level. This study focuses on social capital (SC) with respect to regional qualities. SC is also known as one indicator that affects regional policy performance. On the rule of SC was analyzed in the relationship between SC and regional differences in public awareness with regard to climate change policy. The relationship was analyzed based on the Principal Components Analysis. Moreover, how the results of this analysis affect a low carbon society was analyzed by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). As a result, the awareness factors that were affected by SC and regional characteristics were clear. Finally, it was recognized that we should consider possible uses of SC according to regions and fields with regard to climate change policy.


In recent decades, the world has experienced several emerging virus outbreaks, among which the most recent compromise the respiratory system and are caused by the SARS-CoV2 coronavirus, H1N1, H5N1 viruses, and the H7N9 virus of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). In this article, we present epidemiological dynamics based on a SIR-type model with nonlinear incidence rates that reflect the impact of the media and the psychological effects on the spread of the disease. The mathematical model of the problem corresponds to a three-dimensional non-linear ODE system. The Rach-Adomian-Meyers (MDM) decomposition method is used to compute an approximation to the solution of the governing system of non-linear differential equations. The present proposed approach is based on dividing the entire domain into subintervals. In each subinterval, the 12-term MDM solution is sufficient to obtain fairly accurate and convergent results.


A well-defined model hard segment was synthesized with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate,dimethylolpropionic acid and 1,4-butanediol by means of fractional steps.The sequence distribution of the model hard segment was measured by 13C-NMR and its structure and morphology were characterized by FT-IR,DSC and WAXD.A series of polyester based polyurethaneurea (PUU) aqueous dispersions with this well-defined hard segment were prepared.The physical properties of PUU aqueous dispersions and their films were measured. The experimental results showed that the particle size of the aqueous dispersions decreased with increasing the hard segment content from 110 nm to 72 nm,and they were very stable at ambient temperature (more than one year).Furthermore,the films prepared with such PUU aqueous dispersions exhibited the excellent water resistance,i.e.low equilibrium water absorbing capacity (at around 5 wt%) and high contact angle of water on the surface (more than 100°).


Abstract Background Invasive fungal infections within the United States continue to increase annually and represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Fluconazole is a first-generation triazole antifungal used in the treatment of several fungal infections including coccidioidomycosis. Treatment guidelines for coccidioidomycosis recommend high-dose fluconazole and severe or disseminated infections frequently require greater than 1 year of therapy. Although the toxicity profile of fluconazole has been evaluated in clinical trials, there is a paucity of data regarding the tolerability of this agent with long-term therapy. Methods We conducted a single-center, retrospective study of adult patients (≥18 years) with proven or probable coccidioidomycosis between 2010 and 2018 receiving long-term fluconazole therapy for an intended duration of 28 days or greater. Outcomes: (1) Incidence and type of adverse events. (2) Result of adverse event on treatment course. (3) Association between adverse events and therapeutic drug levels. (4) Association between adverse events and fluconazole dose. (5) Efficacy of fluconazole therapy via modified Mycoses Study Group criteria. Sample: (1) 165 patients identified; (2) 42 excluded for not receiving long-term fluconazole; (3) 22 excluded with lack of documented coccidioidomycosis or long-term fluconazole; (4) 3 excluded for insufficient follow-up. Results Out of 165 patients identified, 98 were included for analysis. Forty-eight patients (48.9%) experienced adverse effects directly attributed to fluconazole therapy by the evaluating physician. The most common adverse effects were xerosis (19.4%), alopecia (16.3%), fatigue (10.2%), and arthralgia (6.1%). Twenty-nine patients (29.5%) experienced adverse effects requiring therapeutic intervention such as dose reduction, discontinuation, or switch to new antifungal. The median therapeutic drug levels did not significantly differ between patients who experienced adverse effects from those who did not (30.5 μg/mL vs. 27.2 μg/mL; P = 0.5). Conclusion A considerable proportion of patients experienced toxicity during anticipated long-term fluconazole therapy. With this information, providers will be able to identify toxicities associated and utilize alternative agents where necessary. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


Several magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) experiments have been conducted on the Z accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories since late 2013. Measurements of the primary DD (2.45 MeV) neutrons for these experiments suggest that the neutron production is thermonuclear. Primary DD yields up to 3e12 with ion temperatures ∼2-3 keV have been achieved. Measurements of the secondary DT (14 MeV) neutrons indicate that the fuel is significantly magnetized. Measurements of down-scattered neutrons from the beryllium liner suggest ρRliner∼1g/cm2. Neutron bang times, estimated from neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) measurements, coincide with peak x-ray production. Plans to improve and expand the Z neutron diagnostic suite include neutron burn-history diagnostics, increased sensitivity and higher precision nTOF detectors, and neutron recoil-based yield and spectral measurements.


In this article, we utilize the research methods of complex network to discuss the inter-province knowledge spillover in China based on paper cooperation from 1980 to 2009. We analyze the topology of the knowledge spillover network by measuring the degree distribution, average path length, clustering coefficient, clustering and degree correlation, and find that the (1)degree distribution is similar to power-law distribution in 1980–2000, and then tend to anti power-law distribution; (2)Both Lag and Catch-up of regions did appeared in different times; (3)Average path length and clustering coefficient have large fluctuate, and(4) there is obvious clustering and degree correlation. By analyzing the relationships between topology characteristics combining with realistic background, we reach the conclusion that (1)the weak ties are more, (2)public policy to improve inter-district knowledge cooperation has been carried out efficiently and(3) key points are more vital. At last we predict the developing trend of inter-province knowledge spillover.


This paper describes a concept of the coordination for science, technology and innovation (STI) policy which is currently performed in Korea. The STI policy comprehends science policy and/or technology policy, which are focusing on over all performances upon the innovation in governance. The process on STI policy in Korea raises a new issue of the need for the coordination of among the policy. The current STI policy in Korea is unprecedented, which demands a new approach to manage it, with regard to the appearances of the related complex cases and issues with the concerned agencies on the process of related policy. On this paper, we suggests why the coordination of STI policy is needed and how to analyze the pattern of coordination of STI policy, and its applicants to the case of OSTI (Office of Science and Technology Innovation) in Korea.


The comparative research on photosynthetic characteristics(2006,2007),chlorophyll content,(2006),and the amount of output of almond trunk delaminating figure,splay figure and natural figure(comparison) was carried out.The research results demonstrated that the tree figue photosynthesis was greatly improved.After pruming almond tree,chlorophyll content and its output were increased.Among all figures of almond trees,trunk delaminating figure has the best effect.During these two years,the average net photosynthetic rate of it has increased by 23.0%,the transpiration rate has increased by 56.0%,and WUE has increased by 19.6%.The strains yield reached 4.1 kg and the per-mu yield reached 136.3 kg.The increasing rates are 57.7% and 60.7%.From these data,it can be proved that trunk delaminating figure is the ideal tree-figure for high yield of Xinjiang almond.


11 Facies models for regressive, tide-influenced deltaic systems are under-represented in the literature 12 compared with their fluvialand wavedominated counterparts. Here a facies model is presented of 13 the mixed, tideand wave-influenced deltaic strata of the Sego Sandstone, which was deposited in 14 the Western Interior Seaway of North America during the Late Cretaceous. Previous work on the 15 Sego Sandstone has focused on the medial to distal parts of the outcrop belt where tides and waves 16 interact. This study focuses on the proximal outcrop belt, in which fluvial and tidal processes 17 interact. Five facies associations are recognized. Bioturbated mudstones (FA1) were deposited in an 18 offshore environment and are gradationally overlain by hummocky cross-stratified sandstones (FA2) 19 deposited in a wave-dominated lower shoreface environment. These facies associations are 20 erosionally overlain by tide-dominated cross-bedded sandstones (FA4) interbedded with ripple 21 cross-laminated heterolithic sandstones (FA3) and channelised mudstones (FA5). Palaeocurrent 22


The right hip was iiivolved in /4 patiems and the /efi hip in 7 patients. The fina/ resulis were c1assijied diiiiea/l)' aiid aiiatomical/y. Based 011 the clinical grading. II (52%) patients had good and excellent results and 10 (48%) had fair and had results. LO (48% ) excel/ellf and good, II (52%) fair and had results were obtained according to roentgenographic changes . De/ay in the diagnosis were ohserved in 7 (%70) patients among 10 elinically bad and fair results, iii 8 parieiiis (%72) among II anatomically had and fai, . results. The reasons of delay in the diagnosis of septic arfhrif;S ofihe hip joint were; rej'erals ji"om other hospiials, lock ofsiispicion in chi/dren with septicaemia whom were admitted iii pediatric dil/ies, misdiagiiosis as 1015 of eondiiioiis ihat can mimic sepiie arthritis and finolly lock of


This contribution places the rise of the term 'appropriation' within the perspective of cultural history and the shifts in meaning of the term which have occurred in the past twenty years. While initially the term was mainly used in the sense of the (unlawful) taking possession of material goods, it became more and more acculturated through the influence of literary theory and cultural anthropology. At the moment, it mainly denotes active forms of adopting or taking over items of cultural significance, from below, or more especially the subject-related ways of signification. More than 'reception' or 'acculturation' or disciplinization it refers to the individual input of the recipient, who is seen less as a 'consumer' than as a 'producer' of culture and meaning. In this new meaning of appropriation, two variants may be distinguished: a broad, even offensive group-strategy, and a pragmatic, more individual tactics of identity formation (M. de Certeau). In both variants, the term may be fruitful for religious history.


The goal of this paper is to investigate the long-run effect of government size and composition on growth. Unlike previous studies, this paper employs an improved dataset and a more adequate econometric technique. Using pooled mean group (PMG) estimation approach, which is particularly suitable because it allows short-term adjustments and convergence speeds to vary across countries while imposing cross-country homogeneity restrictions on the long-run coefficients, we empirically test the relationship between growth and government size and its composition in developed European economies, over the period 1970 to 2014. The obtained results indicate that high aggregate spending levels are an impediment for growth in developed economies, while the single most important government expenditure item is - Education.


The ability of modern enterprise management means to take advantage of unexpected change promptly and better as competition. The function of management in transport is to know dominates the internal and external processes thus the transport enterprise has the success in this environment. Transport management concentrates on assessments of measures of the requirement for convenient transport, the requirements for a particular type of transport and transport service and maintaining the existing market for transport. So transport management examines present situation of transport market and also orientation of next demand trends and opportunities of customer satisfy requirement. The papers deals about implementation of creativity in transport management, which connects with all processes of change that bring a lot of unknown and which present uncertainty, risk and growing potential for conflicts.


Gentiopicroside content in calli ofGentiana manshurica Kitag was low. Itwas higher in the calli with differenti-ated roots, and the highest in excisedroots. Gentiopicroside content in calli,excised roots and calli with differenti-ated roots was decreased after continu-ous subculturing, but it was decreasedmore rapidly in the calli than the lattrtwo (Fig. 1). In callus suspension cul-ture, addition of low concentrations ofphytohormones to 1/2 MS medium hadno influence on callus growth but stim-ulated gentiopicroside production (Table1). Phytohormones with the ratio fa-voring the formation of roots couldpromote gentiopicroside production.On the other hand, the ratio stimulat-ing callus growth reduced gentiopicro-side production (Table 2). Cytisine atconcentration of 1 mg/L could stimu-late gentiopicroside production in ex-cised roots (Table 3) up to 1. 48% ofdry weight, which was higher thanthat in callus (0. 52%), in differenti-ated root-callus (0. 65%), and intube plantlet root (1. 01%).


This paper presents a two-channel speech reinforcement system for cars able to improve the communication between the front and the rear passengers. One of the problems of this kind of systems is that they must operate in closed-loop, as acoustic feedback paths appear due to the short distance between loudspeakers and microphones. This feedback paths can make the system become unstable and acoustic echo control is needed in order to ensure stability. The system must perform two plant identifications for each channel. One of them is an open-loop identification and the other one is closed-loop. We propose here the use of echo suppression filters specially designed for closed-loop subsystems along with echo suppression filters for open-loop subsystems based on the optimal filtering theory. Results about the performance of the proposed system are provided


ABSTRA C T High-resolution H i imaging observations of a heterogeneous sample of small galaxy groups are presented. The five galaxy groups studied show a broad range of individual H i properties: e.g. loose groups surrounding LGG 138 and the genuinely compact LGG 455 are identified; a massive ring of neutral gas is discovered encircling two luminous galaxies in the LGG 138 group; a galaxy-sized mass of H i is found in LGG 455 confined to an extragalactic cloud which exceeds the threshold density for star formation, yet is optically invisible; and the CCG 1 group is argued to be a chance alignment of Centaurus cluster galaxies. Global results of the study are that the deficit of H i flux in synthesis imaging data compared with single-dish data is put forward as a quantitative measure of the diffuseness of neutral gas in galaxy groups; several groups contain gas-poor galaxies that ordinarily would contain detectable quantities of H i ‐ this is interpreted as being caused by an increased chance of gas-sweeping collisions in the group environment; and some evidence is found to support previous findings that compact groups preferentially occur in loose systems.


Preface, Dirk D. Steiner, Daniel P. Skarlicki, and Stephen W. Gilliland. Flexible Working Arrangements: Societal Forces and Implementation, Simcha Ronen, Shlomit Friedman, and Halo (Hilla) Ben-Asher Work versus the Family: Keeping the Balance, Barbara A. Gutek and Cindi Gilliland Aging at Work: Managing Perceived and Real Changes in Aging Workers, Fredda Blanchard-Fields and Jennifer Tehan Stanley Cinderella and Salieri in the Workplace: The Envied and the Envier, Robert P. Vecchio Work Engagement: An Emerging Psychological Concept and Its Implications for Organizations, Wilmar Schaufeli and Marisa Salanova Ethical Work Climate: A Weather Report and Forecast, Anke Arnaud and Marshall Schminke Formal and Informal Discrimination Against Women at Work: The Role of Gender Stereotypes, Brian Welle and Madeline E. Heilman Understanding and Managing Organizational Deviance: A Causal Reasoning Perspective, Mark J. Martinko, Scott C. Douglas, Paul Harvey, and Michael J. Gundlach Stopping Organizational Wrongdoing: What Price Do Whistle-Blowers Pay?, Marcia P. Miceli and Janet P. Near Current Perspectives on Privacy in Organizations, Eugene F. Stone-Romero and Dianna L. Stone About the Contributors.


PART ONE: WIRING THE NETWORK PART TWO: BUGS PART THREE: WORKAROUNDS PART FOUR: SYSTEM CRASH PART FIVE: TECH POLITICS 3.0 AFTERWORD ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INDEX


Purpose: This research was administered to investigate the influence of spiritual leadership on organizational commitment and organizational commitment on organizational performance seen through multidimensions where spiritual leadership is in three dimensions namely vision, faith/hope, and altruistic love; organizational commitment in three dimensions namely affective, normative, and continuity, while organizational performance is in two dimensions which are financial and nonfinancial performance. Design/Method: The population selected in this study included 1,422 members of Village Credit Institution (LPD) in Bali Province including the chairman, secretary, and treasurer. Samples were selected by using the probability sampling technique which is a simple random sampling in which the sample size [Formula: see text] was drawn from a population of magnitude [Formula: see text], allowing each unit to have the same chance of being selected. The obtained data were then analyzed using a Structural Equation Modeling based on analysis of moment structure (AMOS), with multidimensions in each research variable. Findings: The results of the analysis show that vision, faith/hope, and altruistic love have a significant influence on affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuity commitment. On the other hand, affective, normative, and continuity commitment share a certain influence on financial performance. However, it is only the normative commitment that influences nonfinancial performance. Originality: The novelty of this research is in the effort to reconstruct the previous research model to obtain a new one that combines two research models; the spiritual leadership model and the A-Three Component Model of Organizational Commitment. The new model is expected to solve the inconsistencies of previous research results and solve various problems related to leadership and organizational commitment as variables that influence LPD performance.


2008 crisis is the deepest crisis of capitalism since Great Depression. Although there have been some signs of weak recovery since April 2009, huge unemployment levels, tremendous budget deficits, remarkable increases in public debt stocks, continuing credit crunch problems and existing risks of derivatives threaten any economic recovery that might actually begin. The distinctive character of the current crisis is the triggering role of financialisation in this crisis process. New derivatives instruments of securitisation like collateralized debt obligations (CDO), credit default swaps (CDS) have created huge risks and then so-called hedge funds have spreaded these risks globally. However the current crisis is only a symptom. In fact, current financial crisis is the unavoidable result of the excess accumulation of capital, excess capacity investments, over production and associating diminishing profit rates and stagnation that have prevailed in most capitalist economies since the end of 1960s. Thus, it was necessary to create bubbles like 2000 Wall Street Stock bubble and 2008 housing bubble to keep the American economy going. However, the crash of the housing bubble after a while has led the collapse of the subprime mortgage market then a global crisis.


According to the max optimization design of distributing the post-earthquake restoration capital,the dynamic planning method is recommended to establish an optimal nonlinear mathematic model taking the economic benefit as an objective function.And the max optimization design of distributing the post-earthquake restoration capital is implemented with an application of Matlab language by calling its genetic algorithm toolbox.The max optimization design example of distributing the post-earthquake restoration capital show that the applications of GAOT make the optimization calculate and design simple and convenient based on the dynamic planning method.It is practicable in engineering.


The effects of sodium carbonate and various organic salts of sodium on nucleation and agglomeration of aluminium hydroxide from caustic solution were studied in 250 ml plastic bottles placed in a rolling bath arrangement where only gentle agitation of the bottle contents resulted. The presence of sodium carbonate appeared to have decreased the nucleation and agglomeration rates of aluminium hydroxide solution. Plant liquors which contained numerous impurities showed significant reductions in nucleation but increased agglomeration of aluminium hydroxide. Other organics introduced seemed to have had mixed effects, some boosting nucleation or agglomeration while others produced opposite effects. Oxalates had no significant effects on either nucleation or agglomeration.


It is known that learning methods of fuzzy modeling using vector quantization (VQ) and steepest descend method (SDM) are superior in the number of rules to other methods using only SDM. There are many studies on how to realize high accuracy with a few rules. Many methods of learning all parameters using SDM are proposed after determining initial assignments of the antecedent part of fuzzy rules by VQ using only input information, and both input and output information of learning data. Further, in addition to these initial assignments, the method using initial assignment of weight parameters of the consequent part of fuzzy rules is also proposed. Most of them are learning methods with simplified fuzzy inference, and little has been discussed with TS (Takagi Sugeno) fuzzy inference model. On the other hand, VQ method with supervised learning that divides the input space into Voronoi diagram by VQ and approximates each partial region with a linear function is known. It is desired to apply the method to TS fuzzy modeling using VQ. In this paper, we propose new learning methods of TS fuzzy inference model using VQ. Especially, learning methods using VQ with the supervised learning are proposed. Numerical simulations for function approximation, classification and prediction problems are performed to show the performance of proposed methods.


Let g_φ~A be the multilinear Littlewood-Paley operators,the properties of g_φ~A on the Herz-Morrey space is investigated on the basis of the weighted L~p(w)-boundedness of g_φ~A. And the BMO estimates for the operator on the Herz-Morrey space are obtained.


Raster mode is more appropriate than vector mode for the computer-assisted generalization of land use and land cover data. A raster-mode approach promotes the partitioning of thin or insignificant polygons and the growing or linking of others. If the scale is reduced substantially, partitioning and region growing are needed to guarantee a graphically stable image, which will resist misregistration during reproduction. The test examples presented here demonstrate the efficacy of a raster-mode approach in reducing 1 : 250,000-scale land use and land cover data in the U.S. Geological Survey's Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis System (GIRAS) to 1 :2,000,000, the scale of the National Atlas series of regional reference maps. A variety of category weights and priority rankings and several nonmutually exclusive options for smoothing and data aggregation confront the map author, who must provide detailed specifications. With these techniques generalized land use and land cover maps can be biased to em...


Recently, many small microphones installed in cellular phones are the electret condenser microphones (ECMs) that contain an organic film diaphragm. Although FEP of fluorocarbon polymer is generally used as the electret material, silicon dioxide is also used. Recently ECMs have been made small and thin while maintaining the basic sound performance according to the market demand. In addition, environment tests and the reflow soldering mounting process have been adjusted to meet market requirements. On the other hand, the examination satisfied the demand as the high temperature resistance was insufficient. This paper depicts an examination and a comparison of conventional ECM with the experimental model, a silicon diaphragm condenser microphone produced using the MEMS method. The silicon diaphragm satisfies high‐temperature resistance and stable temperature characteristics because of its very small coefficient of linear expansion and it is measured total harmonic distortion (THD) on high pressure sound. Fina...


In a series of three experiments on the effects on eye-scan behavior of both simulator and aircraft motion, the sensitivity of an oculometric measure to motion effects was demonstrated. "Fixation time", defined as the time the eyes spend at a particular location before moving on (saccade) to another fixation point, was found to be sensitive to motion effects in each of the experiments conducted. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that motion serves an alerting function, providing a "cue" or "clue" to the pilot that "something happened". The results do not support the hypothesis that direction of motion is conveyed through the type of motion information employed in these experiments.


This paper describes the experience in securing distributed applications gained in the Demostene project, funded by the Italian National Research Council (CNR). The project aimed to provide security for distributed systems in the heterogeneous environments found in the information systems of the Italian Public Administration. The work was based on the common authentication framework offered by X.509 certificates, used to authenticate both users and services. Specifically this technique was adopted in the JAVAGLAD tool to connect distributed databases in a secure way, and in the development of secure versions of Telnet and FTP with certificate-based access control lists.


In a market economy environment,there are a lot of uncertain factors,and opportunities are to coexist with risks.Objectively speaking,this has provided a broad space for the option pricing theory research and application.The key of successful application for real option pricing theory in the investment contracts lies in the characteristics of investment projects which can be modified from contractors' initial intention or in which the decision-making be postponed.Leasing a fixed asset is actually a potential investment project,and operating leases of fixed assets has also the above characteristic.So options pricing theory for pricing can be applied to analyze these fixed assets.In the article,by using the thought of call option and aiming at the flexible lease renewal decision of operating leasing assets,an operating lease is interpreted as the combination of several real options and pricing analysis is carried out through Black-Scholes model.Based on the analysis,a new kind of pricing method for operating leasing assets has been provided and discussed.


As the one requirement for air transport safety and airport operating is Obstacle LimitaionSurface (OLS) area. The aimed of this research is to determining the major obstacle limitationsurface, consist of take-off and landing surface, possibility accident area, conical area, innerhorizontal, outer horizontal, transition area, and instrument of navigation posistion. This researchas inputing program to Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Lampung Barat to prevent of high buildingand tower BTS who would be disturb or give the risk for air transport operation at the SeraiAirport. Based on the observation and geodetic calculation we can determining of ObstacelLimitaion Surface (OLS) area at Serai Airport. Thsi research shown that high building and towerBTS by height about 70 – 120 m, not enter in this area of obstacle limitation surface.Furthermore, Pemerintah Kabupaten Lampung Barat will prepare and make a regulation abouthow many height of building who considered will be allowed in the Obstacel Limitation Surface(OLS) area.


a Department of Ecology and Territory, Barcelona Institute of Regional and Metropolitan Studies, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain b Department of Economic History, Institutions and Policy and World Economy, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Economics and Business, Av. Diagonal 690, 08034, Barcelona, Spain c Catalan Institute for Water Research, H2O Building, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain.


(1) Eight species of furcocercous cercariae have been found during a 3-year study of the trematode larvae harboured by certain fresh-water molluscs in Glamorganshire. Of these four are new species, two have previously been reported from South Wales by Rees (1932) and the remaining two species have been recorded in Europe but not in Britain. (2) Detailed descriptions are given of the four new species and the last two species which had not been completely described hitherto. The life cycles, as far as are known, of all the the species are outlined; the mollusc hosts are listed and for each cercaria a comparison with related species is given. (3) C. hamburgensis Komiya has been proved experimentally to be the larva of Apatemon gracilis minor Yam. and according to the law of priority becomes C. a.g. minor.


In this paper, we show the spectral convergence result of $\overline{\partial}$-Laplacians when $(X,\omega)$ is a compact toric symplectic manifold equipped with the natural prequantum line bundle $L$. We consider a family $\{ J_s\}_s$ of $\omega$-compatible complex structures tending to the large complex structure limit, and obtain the spectral convergence of $\overline{\partial}$-Laplacians acting on $L^k$.


Hydrodynamical systems are usually taken as chaotic systems with fast relaxations. It is counter intuitive for"ideal"gas to have a hydrodynamical description. We find that a hydrodynamical model of one-dimensional $|\Phi|^6$ theory shares the same ground state density profile, density-wave excitation, as well as the similar dynamical and statistical properties with the Calogero-Sutherland model in thermodynamic limit when their interaction strengths matches each other. The interaction strength g0 in the $|\Phi|^6$theory is then the index of fractional statistics. Although the model is interacting in Bose liquid sense, but it shows integrability with periodical coherent evolution. We also discussed the fractional statistics emerges from the $|\Phi|^6$ theory.


Based on the introduction of environmental pollution factors into Grossman's health production function,this paper verifies the effects of environmental pollution on national health,their differences and the role of public service factors by using the panel data of 116 countries or regions from 1997 to 2009.It comes to the following conclusions: firstly,the effect of environmental pollution on national health is significant,and after the introduction of some public services factors,this effect decreases to some different extent;secondly,the environmental health effects vary with the sex and the country;thirdly,the effects of environmental pollution on different health levels differ widely.The analysis of threshold regression model indicates that the differences of environmental health risks between countries or regions are largely subject to the differences in public services levels,that is to say,when education,infrastructure,public health services and environmental public services exceed their thresholds,the effects of environmental pollution on health will decline to a certain extent.The governance of health risks of environmental pollution by the perfection of basic public services system not only can effectively reduce health threats,but also can raise the whole public services level and social welfare.


Presenting the DJ as an example of the digital griot--a high-tech storyteller--this book shows how African American storytelling traditions and their digital manifestations can help scholars and teachers shape composition studies, linking oral, print, and digital production in ways that centralize African American discursive practices as part of a multicultural set of ideas and pedagogical commitments.... Download ebook, read file pdf African American Rhetoric in a Multimedia Age


The binary star system J0651 is expected to be be one of the brightest sources of gravitational waves in our galaxy. Despite its known frequency, the radiation could not be detected so far. A new method eliminates the strong phase modulation caused by the Earth's orbit and drastically reduces the bandwidth. Therefore, the GW may be identi(cid:28)ed in the records of numer-ous superconducting gravimeters. The determined parameters of GW agree well with the results of previous observations in the optical domain and the predictions of relativity.


This thesis uses models of firm-heterogeneity to complete empirical analyses in economic history and agricultural economics. In Chapter 2, a theoretical model of firm heterogeneity is used to derive a statistic that summarizes the welfare gains from the introduction of a new technology. The empirical application considers the use of mechanical steam power in the Canadian manufacturing sector during the late nineteenth century. I exploit exogenous variation in geography to estimate several parameters of the model. My results indicate that the use of steam power resulted in a 15.1 percent increase in firm-level productivity and a 3.0-5.2 percent increase in aggregate welfare. Chapter 3 considers various policy alternatives to price ceiling legislation in the market for production quotas in the dairy farming sector in Quebec. I develop a dynamic model of the demand for quotas with farmers that are heterogeneous in their marginal cost of milk production. The econometric analysis uses farm-level data and estimates a parameter of the theoretical model that is required for the counterfactual experiments. The results indicate that the price of quotas could be reduced to the ceiling price through a 4.16 percent expansion of the aggregate supply of quotas,


The flowsheet and available control strategies for part load operation of a lean-burn catalytic combustion gas turbine system were investigated. The models of the key components were set up. The part load characteristics under various part-load control strategies were analyzed. The performance of proposed part load control strategy using compressor inlet heating was compared with that of the other control strategies. The main results show that the combustor inlet temperature is a significant factor that can affect the part load characteristics of the system, the operation range of speed modulation is very wide, the bleeding modulation range is relatively narrow and the fuel flow modulation range is narrowest, the methane conversion rate of fuel flow modulation is lowest, the thermal efficiency under fuel flow control strategy is higher than that under bleeding control strategy within the operation range, compressor inlet heating modulation can extend the range of the part-load operation under fuel flow modulation at the expense of thermal efficiency.


The work is an analysis of a visual communication in the adult-child communication field. The main aim of the study was to investigate the communicative potential of children's drawing. In the first chapter issues of interpersonal communication, styles of speech, communication nishes and child's artistic development were raised. Moreover, the role of the use of a non-verbal message in the communication process of an adult and a child was emphasized. The second chapter focuses on the issues of culture and visual communication, presents contemporary examples of the usage of high art in mass culture. The analysis of the role of a child's drawing in the act of communication in the family, carried out in chapter three, showed that children are able to communicate perfectly with their parents not only through words, and parents (especially mothers) are aware of the potential of the content conveyed.


In this paper we present new systems for pool water disinfection and a renewable energy source for heating the pool. The main idea is to create a natural swimming pool that is envi- ronmentally friendly and conserves energy. The design consists of two pumps, a filtration and water disinfection system, and a heat- ing system. Based on thorough research and mathematical analy- sis, the design is found to maintain water quality at pool water standards and provide enough power to heat the pool to 25oC even during the season's coldest days.


The age of Information (AoI) has been introduced to capture the notion of freshness in real-time monitoring applications. However, this metric falls short in many scenarios, especially when quantifying the mismatch between the current and the estimated states. To circumvent this issue, in this paper, we adopt the age of incorrect information metric (AoII) that considers the quantified mismatch between the source and the knowledge at the destination while tracking the impact of freshness. We consider for that a problem where a central entity pulls the information from remote sources that evolve according to a Markovian Process. It selects at each time slot which sources should send their updates. As the scheduler does not know the actual state of the remote sources, it estimates at each time the value of AoII based on the Markovian sources' parameters. Its goal is to keep the time average of the AoII function as small as possible. For that purpose, We develop a scheduling scheme based on Whittle's index policy. To that extent, we use the Lagrangian Relaxation Approach and establish that the dual problem has an optimal threshold policy. Building on that, we compute the expressions of Whittle's indices. Finally, we provide some numerical results to highlight the performance of our derived policy compared to the classical AoI metric.


For several applications, an integrated view of linked data, denoted linked data mashup, is a critical requirement. Nonetheless, the quality of linked data mashups highly depends on the quality of the data sources. In this sense, it is essential to analyze data source quality and to make this information explicit to consumers of such data. This paper introduces a fuzzy ontology to represent the quality of linked data source. Furthermore, the paper shows the applicability of the fuzzy ontology in the process of evaluating data source quality used to build linked data mashups.


ABSTRACT A concerted attempt to offer a temporal lens (the way we make sense of and relate to time changes) underlying decolonizing pedagogy and curriculum (DCP) remains absent. Drawing on student resistance as an entry point, we offer a temporal account of DCP by unearthing the entanglements between past, present, and future underlying DCP enactments. We explore timescapes shaping DCP from three specific temporal perspectives on student resistance: a) student orientations to the past, b) student perspectives on present allocations of time and c) student orientations to the future. We argue that to deliver DCP effectively, educators need to engage the temporal aspects of DCP, particularly students' temporal assemblages receiving and engaging with DCP. We suggest that future DCP research and enactments require probing the entangled timescapes underlying HE institutions, disciplines, classrooms, students' lives, and past/future aspirations.


This paper is aimed to investigate a direct instruction model using a number line tape model in mathematics subjecting integer counting operations, due to tncrease active participation of elementary school students. The using method of this paper is case study of students at the State Elementary School 4 of Banteran UPK Sumbang. The data analyzes of this paper is descriPT.ive of qualitative analyzed. According of the interview and data analyzes, sourcing from literature or boola, it can be concluded that the application ofdirect instruction model of using numbel line tape may increasing the student active participate in learning activity especially at the integer counting operations.


An integrated cassava research approach combines research on production, processing, and utilization and marketing to alleviate constraints to, or take advantage of opportunities for, cassava development. This approach has proven to be effective in maximizing technology adoption and making positive impact on the welfare of those who depend on cassava for their livelihood. This paper describes how the Cassava Program of the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) came to adopt this approach. It also explains why this research approach, in the case of cassava, is essential for optimizing technology adoption and impact. The paper concludes with implications for cassava research strategies. Background The basic premise behind the CIAT Cassava Program's philosophy for integrating research and development (R&D) activities was formulated more than a decade ago. At that time, trends for consumption of traditional cassava products in Latin America and therefore of production were decreasing, especially in those areas with few crop alternatives. It was recognized that high production and market risk at the producer level significantly depresses the demand to adopt improved production technologies that should be the vehicle whereby small-scale cassava farmers can reduce costs and generate increased income (Lynam and Janssen 1992). Faced with a depressed market and highly fluctuating cassava prices, cassava farmers did not want to assume the risk associated with adopting 'improved' technology. Hence, the integrated cassava project (ICP) philosophy (Pérez-Crespo 1992) was based on the premise that market and utilization research activities would develop alternative uses and products that would broaden demand and stabilize prices. The latter translates into reduced risk for the farmer, thereby creating incentive to adopt cassava production technologies. In most production areas, cassava faces a complex of climatic, agronomic, biological, and economic constraints. Among these constraints, those related to markets and edapho-climatic conditions are the most influential in determining the crop's potential. Cassava production regions can therefore be classified and characterized according to their relative market situation and possibilities for alternative crops (Table 1): * CIAT, Cali, Colombia. Proceedings of the Tenth Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops, held in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, October 23-29, 1994 2 (1) Regions with market limitations and reduced cropping alternatives (e.g., North-East Brazil, East Java, North Coast—or Atlantic Coast—of Colombia). (a) Limited, inelastic market demand for a few traditional cassava products. Price and price fluctuations are major constraints because of quality deficiencies, seasonality, and other factors. (b) Limited crop alternatives, caused by soil constraints (fragile, infertile, upland, hilly zones) and/or by climatic constraints (low rainfall, long dry season). (2) Regions with market limitations that have alternative crop possibilities (e.g., Paraguay, State of Kerala in India). (a) Limited, inelastic market demand as in case 1. (b) More favourable edapho-climatic conditions for which crop alternatives can be considered. (3) Regions with diversified markets but limited cropping alternatives (e.g., North-East Thailand, Guangdong Province in China) (a) Diversified, more elastic cassava demand with relatively stable prices and reduced market risk. (b) Limited crop alternatives to cassava because of edapho-climatic constraints as in case 1. (4) Regions with diversified markets and alternative crop possibilities (e.g., Paraná in southern Brazil, Sumatra in Indonesia). (a) Diversified, more elastic cassava demand as in case 3 above. (b) More favourable edapho-climatic conditions as in case 2 above. The worst-case scenario is case 1, where an integrated approach is essential for successful technology adoption and impact. The other cases may need relatively less integration, depending on the level of the limitations. For example in case 4, one can introduce cassava production technologies with the success rate being less dependent on utilization and market research. Why Higher Adoption and Impact? Based on analyses of user needs, cassava research can be divided into three areas: varietal Proceedings of the Tenth Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops, held in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, October 23-29, 1994 3 improvement, crop management and post-harvest handling, and market research. To see the benefits—described as 'level of yield gain x level of adoption in a fixed time period'—obtained from including utilization and market activities and crop management with varietal technologies, imagine a hypothetical R&D activity for case 1. The crop is grown in a semi-arid agroecosystem where drought, soil fertility, and planting material quality are the major constraints. The market consists of only one traditional cassava product that experiences very strong interseasonal price fluctuations. The different research activities and subsequent impact are illustrated in Table 2. In this hypothetical case, if R&D is conducted only on varietal improvement, benefits are lowest. The incorporation of management components improves the benefits from 200 to 450. Integration with crop management research not only improves yield gain but also improves the sustainability of the system. If integrated with utilization and market research, however, the technology adoption rate will be significantly boosted. Additionally, the yield gain will increase because of a decreased market risk, translated in this example by +5% yield for both the varietal technology alone and the variety + management components. Total integration of varietal, management, utilization and market research can increase benefits by more than five times, compared with varietal improvement alone. This argument is well illustrated by the case of adoption in the 'North Coast', an agricultural region in northern Colombia, abutting the Caribbean Sea. The case was quantified in a study covering six states that produced more than 50% of the country's cassava (Gottret and Henry 1994). In the early 1980s, an integrated cassava research project (ICP) was started, in which the first priority was to expand and stabilize cassava markets. This was accomplished by establishing and developing farmer cooperatives supplying dried cassava chips to the fastgrowing animal feed industry. Concurrently, improved varietal and crop improvement technology components were targeted to these areas. Table 3 shows that, after 8 years, adoption levels are significantly higher for areas with improved market access and institutional support than for those areas with only the traditional fresh market. This has been shown for different types of technology components; that is, varieties, management, and recommendations that require additional inputs. An additional factor brought by the integrated project approach was the development of cooperatives for small cassava farmers, and thus increased opportunity for members to have easier access to credit and so adopt technology components that require additional capital inputs. Furthermore, econometric analyses estimating elasticity's of adoption show that certain factors like 'distance to market' and 'cassava cooperative membership' have a significant positive effect on adoption (Gottret and Henry 1993). For example, the probability of adopting optimal planting density and stake treatment increases by 4.5% and 15%, respectively, as the distance to the new market (cassava-drying cooperatives in this case) is reduced by 50%. The adoption of Proceedings of the Tenth Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops, held in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, October 23-29, 1994 4 cassava production components since 1984 has resulted in considerable yield gains of 12%-25% with respect to traditional market areas. Both yield gain and adoption levels are significantly higher in areas where cassava technology components were integrated (Table 3). Besides analysing yield gains and adoption rates, Gottret and Henry (1993) estimated the size and distribution of benefits for the ICP through econometric modelling. Benefits were also analysed by technology intervention; that is, production (varietal and crop management) versus utilization and market technologies. The results are summarized in Table 4. Cassava producers were the group that most benefited from the ICP in the region, gaining US$15 million from 1984 to 1991. According to the analysis of cassava production technology adoption presented in the previous section, producers with better access to markets and government programmes (to a large extent a result of the project) are major adopters of new technology. Those cassava farmers who were members of cassava-drying cooperatives had easier access to fresh markets, were near drying plants, and received technical assistance and credit from government programmes. They were, therefore, the ones who received the most benefit from the ICP. To a much lesser extent, benefits were also dependent on other characteristics such as farm size, land tenure, and the farm household's education and experience. Although cassava producers were the major beneficiaries of the technological changes in the North Coast, urban consumers of fresh cassava also benefited from the adoption of cassava drying and production technology, obtaining benefits of US$2 million. Poor urban consumers, who consume higher absolute levels of fresh cassava and show a lower price elasticity of demand, are the ones who gained most. The group who gained the fewest benefits from the ICP in the region was the processors, who gained only US$1.1 million. Most of these small-scale processors, however, were also cassava producers and therefore benefited two ways. From 1984 to 1991, about 55,318 t of dried cassava were produced. Of t


In the present study, we estimate the effect of paints on the radon exhalation rate from building materials. For the experimental study some bricks were collected from the local market of Aligarh district, Uttar Pra-desh, India. They were coated with a soup of cement and sand, and then dried for at least 24 h. After drying, the coated bricks were plastered with whitewash and re-dried for a minimum of 2 h. They were then ready to be painted with different colours of paints from different brands. Radon exhalation rate and effective dose were measured for the painted brick samples by adopting sealed can technique, which utilizes LR-115 type-II track detectors. The radon activity varied from 768.8 to 1529.8 Bq m –3 and exhalation rate varied from 460.1 to 915.6 mBq m –2 h –1 , whereas the dose equivalent for radon daughters varied from 54.2 to 107 μ Sv yr –1 . Exhalation of radon in the case of Snowcem (limeproof yellow), Asian Paints (peach organza) and Berger Paints (yellow breeze) was found to increase slightly, while it decreased for the other paint brands.


As an important basic organic chemical material,the global annual demand of propylene has been increasing constantly in the recent years.China has rich heavy oil resource which is relatively low in price,so the heavy oil fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)process for maximizing propylene yield has aroused extensive attention.This paper reviewed advance of FCC process for maximizing propylene yield,and pointed out that increasing propylene yield through FCC process was a technical route suitable for China's current status.


A stereoisomer of inositol and a plant sugar alcohol found most abundantly in coconut palm trees, with potential amyloid plaque formation inhibitory activity. Following oral administration, scyllitol crosses the blood brain barrier and inhibits amyloid beta plaque formation in the brain through as of yet unknown mechanism(s). This may lead to reduced disease progression and improvement in cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer disease.


Useful data sets can be used as information to solve problems or share knowledge with others. In the case of companies implementing the new system, many input errors, or not knowing the workflow of the program, are experienced repeatedly by the same person or people in the same department. Besides that, with the entry of new employees, it takes time to adapt and how to solve the problem. To solve it, a place is needed to record problems and their solutions, or share knowledge, both for old and new employees as 'First Aid'. Knowledge Management System application is expected to help solve the problems as a place to collect data which contains errors, cause and solving; business flow; user authorization; etc. The data used, using data from a collection of tickets, personal messages or e-mail, and knowledge owned by the user, will be entered into the database as a storage place for knowledge. In the input process, each word will be broken down based on the character 'space', tokenizing, filtering, and VSM and then entered into the database. Users can search for information or knowledge by entering keywords or sentences according to user needs, then the input will be processed by tokenizing, filtering, and calculating the length using VSM. After getting the input length, the results will use the TF-IDF algorithm and cosine similarity, and the system will display the results in list form and see the details if the results from the list are selected.


The uhv system in use for Si surface reaction studies is described and experimental results obtained during the last year using this system are presented.


Autonomous vehicles require reliable and resilient sensor suites and ongoing validation through fleet-wide data collection. This paper proposes a Smart Black Box (SBB) to augment traditional low-bandwidth data logging with value-driven high-bandwidth data capture. The SBB caches short-term data in buffers and determines the compression quality for each frame by optimizing the trade-off between data value and storage cost. With finite storage, prioritized data recording discards low-value buffers to make room for new data. This paper formulates SBB data compression decision making as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem with novel data filtering and value estimation metrics. A traffic simulator generates trajectories containing events of interest. SBB compression efficiency is assessed by comparing storage requirements with different compression quality levels and event capture ratios. Performance is evaluated by comparing results with a traditional first-in-first-out recording scheme.


Purification by heating is one of many processes available for water purification, and sunlight is one of several forms of heat energy that can be used to power that process. Sunlight has the advantage of zero fuel cost but it requires more space ( for its collection) and generally more costly equipment. To dispel a common belief, it is not necessary to boil water to 100oC to purify. Simply elevating its temperature, short of boiling, will adequately increase the evaporation rate. In fact, although vigorous boiling hastens the purification process it also can force unwanted residue into the bottom, defeating purification. Furthermore, to boil water with sunlight doesn't require more costly apparatus than is needed to distill it a little more slowly without boiling. Many levels of purification can be achieved with this process, depending upon the intended application. Sterilized water for medical uses requires a different process than that used to make drinking water. Purification of water heavy in dissolved salts differs from purification of water that has been dirtied by other chemicals or suspended solids. For people concerned about the quality of their municipally-supplied drinking water and unhappy with other methods of additional purification available to them, solar distillation of tap water or brackish groundwater can be a pleasant, energy-efficient option. Solar purification systems can be small or large. They are designed either to serve the needs of a single family, producing from 1⁄2 to 3 gallons of drinking water a day on the average, or to produce much greater amounts for an entire neighborhood or village. In some parts of the world the scarcity of fresh water is partially overcome by covering shallow salt water basins with glass in greenhouse-like structures. These solar purification plants are relatively inexpensive, low-technology systems, especially useful where the need for small plants exists. Solar purification of portable water from saline (salty) water has been practiced for many years in tropical and sub-tropical regions where fresh water is scare. However, where fresh water is plentiful and energy rates are moderate, the most cost-effective method has been to pump and purify. 1.


The Donsker–Varadhan rate functional I(μ) for Markov processes has a simple form in the case that the generator of the process is self-adjoint, or equivalently, that the Markov process is reversible. In particular, in the case of a reversible diffusion generated by a second-order elliptic operator L on a compact manifold, this allows one to give a simple necessary and sufficient criterion on the measure μ in order that I(μ) < ∞, and it also shows that I(μ) is continuous as a function of the coefficients of L in the sup-norm topology. In this paper, we first show that the same criterion for finiteness holds for non-reversible diffusions, and then show that I(μ) is locally Lipschitz continuous as a function of the coefficients of the generator L in the sup-norm topology. We then prove similar results in the setting of random evolutions.


54 CHEMICALLY STABILIZED LIGHT Hoya Optics, "Material Safety Data Sheet," CM-500 Inor SELECTIVE ELEMENT FOR MAGING ganic Glass, Mar. 1993. APPLICATIONS Corion Corporation, Optical Filters and Coatings brochure, pp. 11-22. A New Method for Promoting Photresist Adhesion on Tung sten Films for Self-Aligned Refractory Gates on GaAs by Bartman, Howard, Baca, Shul & Rieger. Factors Affecting Adhesion of Lithographic Materials by K. 75 Inventors: Edward J. Bawolek, Chandler; Kabul Sengupta, Tempe, both of Ariz.


In a previous paper the writer has shown how equations for the free vibration of a rotating body may be obtained; in the present paper the inclusion of forcing terms in the equations is allowed for, and the effect of damping forces within the body and also in the medium in which the body rotates is considered.


In order to evaluate the effect of phenotype and quail age on laying rate
and egg characteristics, a study has been carried out in Ngaound&eacuteré
from February to August 2019. 216 quails were divided into 36 batches of 6
animals each (5 females and 1 male) according to age and phenotype. The
experimental animals were white, spotted white, grey and brown phenotypes and
were one, six and ten months old. Eggs were collected for three weeks between 8 pm - 4 pm and
4 pm - 8 pm,
counted, weighed and measured. 15 eggs per phenotype were randomly selected,
broken individually, which allowed the internal parameters to be evaluated. The
main results show that the quails laid more eggs between 4 pm - 8 pm, the highest laying
rate was obtained in quails at one moth of laying and the spotted white phenotype had a high laying
rate (74.03%) compared to other phenotypes.
At one month of breeding age, quails with the spotted white phenotype showed a
higher laying rate (93.34%), brown (78.75%) and grey (74%) at six months
and finally white (71%) at ten months. Weight, height, diameter and egg shape
index did not vary with the quail phenotype. The highest egg volume (12.60 ml)
was found in white quails. The shells of white spotted quails were thicker than
those of other phenotypes. Grey quails laid eggs with the highest Haugh's index and proportion of
edible matter. Brown quail eggs were found to have a higher proportion of dry
yolk matter. Dry matter and moisture content of albumen did not vary with the
quail phenotype. Considering the results obtained, it has been concluded that
spotted white phenotype quails are more suitable for reproduction as they
presented the best egg-laying proportions of edible matter.


Theoretical analysis and operational practices show that,there are defects in the principle,AC input circuits or logic of some protections for main equipment,which endanger its safe and economical operation.The problems existing in the transformer differential protection,transformer split-side differential protection,compound voltage blocking overcurrent protection,stator grounding protection and frequency protection are discussed and the countermeasures are suggested:sync identification and operating state memory should be applied to ensure the instantaneous trip of transformer differential protection;inrush current blocking should be adopted in transformer split-side differential protection;two overcurrent thresholds should be set in compound voltage blocking overcurrent protection;zero sequence voltage of both terminal and neutral point should be reflected in stator grounding protection;and frequency protection is not suitable for generator.


At the time of its discovery, the optical and X-ray afterglow of GRB 970228 appeared to be a ringing endorsement of the previously untried relativistic fireball model of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows, but now that nearly a dozen optical afterglows to GRBs have been observed, the wavering light curve and reddening spectrum of this afterglow make it perhaps the most difficult of the observed afterglows to reconcile with the fireball model. In this Letter, we argue that this afterglow's unusual temporal and spectral properties can be attributed to a supernova that overtook the light curve nearly 2 weeks after the GRB. This is the strongest case yet for a GRB/supernova connection. It strengthens the case that a supernova also dominated the late afterglow of GRB 980326 and the case that GRB 980425 is related to SN 1998bw.


Objective To develop infant thermal container with forced protection circuit so as to ensure its security. Methods Temperature database was set in thermal container and Cygnal F005 was used as intelligent controller. The state of the sensor was judged by comparison precisely. Double temperature controller was adopted to ensure normal working temperature. When the container went wrong, it could automatically switch to protection circuit to keep the temperature for infant. Results With precise temperature control and steady working station, the new type thermal container for infant could provide a safe and comfortable condition with clean air and fitting temperature and humidity. Conclusion The container is steady, accurate, safe and convenient.


The two largest factors affecting automatic speaker identification performance are the size of the population to be distinguished among and the degradations introduced by noisy communication channels (e.g., telephone transmission). To experimentally examine these two factors, this paper presents text-independent speaker identification results for varying speaker population sizes up to 630 speakers for both clean, wideband speech and telephone speech. A system based on Gaussian mixture speaker models is used for speaker identification and experiments are conducted on the TIMIT and NTIMIT databases. The aims of this study are to (1) establish how well text-independent speaker identification can perform under near ideal conditions for very large populations (using the TIMIT database), (2) gauge the performance loss incurred by transmitting the speech over the telephone network (using the NTIMIT database), and (3) examine the validity of current models of telephone degradations commonly used in developing compensation techniques (using the NTIMIT calibration signals). This is believed to be the first speaker identification experiments on the complete 630 speaker TIMIT and NTIMIT databases and the largest text-independent speaker identification task reported to date. Identification accuracies of 99.5% and 60.7% are achieved on the TIMIT and NTIMIT databases, respectively.


A review of the scientific literature reveals a relative absence of recent information concerning the prevalence of P. multocida in newborn and young (4-10 weeks of age) rabbits. P. multocida was isolated from rabbits 11-17 days of age in 1958, but information on the does• nasal status was not given (7). In 1977 a four per cent incidence of otitis media caused by P. multocida was reported in 8-10 week old rabbits (6). A very recent report showed that regardless of the doe$ nasal status (positive or negative for P. multocida), the nares of young rabbits produced by these does were not positive for P. multocida until after 12 weeks of age ,( 4). · -


Beverage cans are made by deep drawing and ironing. The deep drawing process works with press speeds of more than 200 strokes per minute and the ironing process with more than 300 strokes per minute. Sliding speeds between material and tool of up to 16 m/s with area contact pressures of more than 1000 N/mm 2 are reached. The can wall produced with the ironing method have o thickness of 0.080 mm and will be reduced to 0.060 mm in the near future. The importance of the tin layer for the tribologicol system and its significance for the safety of the process is demonstrated in ironing trials. In both the deep drawing and the ironing process the tin has o lubrication function. Emulsions are, however, used as an additional lubricant, but in case of the ironing process the emulsion with its oil contents of only 2 % has mainly a cooling effect for tool and can. The tin coating influences the drawing and friction forces accordingly, by providing on the can surface resulting during the forming steps are also examined. The temperature in the ironing ring were also measured in order to determine the speed limit for the ironing procedure. The melting point of tin 232 °C must not be exceeded.


A quantitative survey of the meiobenthos of the deep Norwegian Sea has been carried out from samples collected during the "Norbi"-cruise with a Reineck grab. In the northern basins, animal densities have a mean value of 438 individuals/10 cm2. The lower part of the Iceland Faeroe ridge is the richest area investigated (720 ind./10 cm2), while the centre of the Norwegian basin is very poor (less than 50 ind./10 cm2). The meiofauna is largely dominated by nematodes (95.9%) but copepods, polychae tes and kinorhynchs are regularly found in the samples. There is no noticeable change in faunal composition of different basins. The abundance of meiobenthos has been compared with the distribution of organic matter in sediments measured through organic carbon, total nitro gen and proteins. This last parameter is correlated with meiofaunal densities while the two other and the C/N ratio have no significant relation with the fauna. This suggests that a large part of organic material is refractory to transformation by microorganisms and cannot be utilized by meiofauna. The surprising poorness of the central part of the southern basin is explained by the low organic input to the bottom induced by the particular hydrographie conditions of this zone (i.e., formation of deep-waters).


Through analyzing on load mechanism of dynamic and externally pressurized air bearing test stand,mechanical model is established and error function is constructed.The error of load mechanism is calculated and analyzed.The influence of angle error which is arose by spring on measuring result is eliminated.


PURPOSE: To provide the compsn. which is obtd. by compounding a high-polymer electrolyte with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) soln. and subjecting this soln. to a low-temp. treatment, is dispersed and contained with the high-polymer electrolyte in the hydrogel of this alcohol and is expanded in its volume by absorbing water. CONSTITUTION: The objective compsn. which is dispersed and contained with B as a hetero phase in the hydrogel of A and is expanded in its volume by absorbing the water is produced by compounding (B) the high-polymer electrolyte, more preferably, metal salt of polyacrylic acid, more particularly No salt at a ratio, by weight of ≥1/10, more preferably ≥1/4 with (A) PVA preferably having a hydrolysis rate of ≥95% and average degree of polymn. of ≥1,000, by first dissolving A in a water, preferably in a solvent mixture composed of water and an org. solvent (a solvent which dissolves A but has small solubility with B; for example, dimethylsulfoxide), heating the mixture, then compounding B therewith, and subjecting the compounded mixture to the low- temp. treatment to ≤0°C. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


IT IS generally agreed among botanists that the nucellus is homologous with the sporangium of the lower vasculares, and the integuments are regarded as structures distinctive of more recent vegetation. Plants having ovules with two integuments are rather common (most monocotyledons and dialypetalous dicotyledons); those with one integument are less numerous (in most of the sympetalous dicotyledons); and naked ovules occur only infrequently (Santalaceae, Loranthaceae, Balanophoraceae, Olacaceae, saprophytic Gentianaceae, and species of Crinum (Wettstein, 1935)). Since the reduction of the integument is an indication of specialization and evolutionary advancement, its extreme expression is not surprising in parasitic or saprophytic plants or in a family as advanced as the Rubiaceae. At least one genus of the Rubiaceae has ovules with no integument (Houstonia), and the genus CofJea appears to have ovules in which the nucellus and integument give no indication of being separate structures. As in many other Rubiaceous genera, coffee has an obturator, a structure which grows out from the placenta. The origin of the obturator differs from that of the aril, which arises from the funiculus, or the caruncle, which is an outgrowth of the integument. Schleiden (1837) seems to have been the first to discuss the nucellus of the Rubiaceae; he stated that it is naked-that is, without an integument. Warming (1878) refuted this statement, apparently successfully, when he said that the presence of a slender micropyle, surrounded by a massive integument would account for the earlier reports of the absence of an integument, because a slender micropyle might easily be overlooked. That there is more to the problem than simply finding a micropyle has been shown by later work which demonstrated that the absence of that structure is no criterion of the nakedness of an ovule. Moreover, the unusual nature of the Rubiaceous ovule has been indicated in Lloyd's reporting a naked ovule in Houstonia and the intimate relation and similarity between the integument and nucellus in certain other genera. During an examination of the ovules of some of the Rubiaceae evidence was found supporting the interpretation of the integument-nucellus of Lloyd (1902) for other members of the family, rather than von Faber's (1912) interpretation or the one occurring at first to the present writer for coffee (Houk, 1936);


A new lightweight vertical camera rig which can be clamped to the front legs of the front seat of a light aircraft is described. In one version, a fixed transparent fairing is attached to the door, whereas in the second version the fairing is attached to the camera rig itself which can then be extended and retracted in flight. This rig has received C.A.A. (Civil Aviation Authority) Approval.


The protected poly-Aib oligopeptides Z-(Aib)n-N(Me)Ph with n=2–6 were prepared according to the 'azirine/oxazolone method', i.e., by coupling amino or peptide acids with 2,2,N-trimethyl-N-phenyl-2H-azirin-3-amine (1a) as an Aib synthon (Scheme 2). Following the same concept, the segments Z-(Aib)3-OH (9) and H-L-Pro-(Aib)3-N(Me)Ph (20) were synthesized, and their subsequent coupling with N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC)/ZnCl2 led to the protected heptapeptide Z-(Aib)3-L-Pro-(Aib)3-N(Me)Ph (21; Scheme 3). The crystal structures of the poly-Aib oligopeptide amides were established by X-ray crystallography confirming the 310-helical conformation of Aib peptides.


To the Editor:— Merely for the record I report the following case: An abandoned baby girl was found in an alley on a garbage pile the morning of Nov. 30, 1939. This 7 or 7 1/2 month baby, weighing 2 1/2 pounds (1,134 Gm.), delivered by an abortion performed about 7 p. m., November 29, was kept in a shoe box on a back porch all night and the next morning offered to a janitor to burn but he refused. The baby was then taken out of the box and wrapped in a piece of newspaper and placed in the alley. The temperature was around 30 F. I was called by the police and took the baby to my office. After I worked on the baby for an hour and a half she was resuscitated. I called for a pulmotor and an incubator, but no oxygen was used. The baby


A key requirement in the development of self-driving vehicles is accurate steering angle estimation. In this paper, we present a novel steering angle computation approach for self-driving vehicles using a computer vision-based technique to navigate in a controlled environment. We have performed color-based thresholding to segment the drivable region of the road. Moreover, Circle-Rectangle-based shapes are detected from the region of interest to compute the steering angle for automated navigation of customized self-driving vehicles. To evaluate the performance of our proposed approach, we have conducted simulations in CARLA. While the in-field testing yields the performance of our proposed approach and meets the real-time requirement of an efficient navigation system with 1.911 mean square error.


This study employed a Draper-Lin small-composite response surface design to determine the optimal dimensional-factor levels to minimize the door-closing effort for a new automobile project. It was found that the factor levels that minimize the closing effort did not lead to robust manufacturing conditions. Likewise, the factor levels needed to produce a robust process did not lead to a sufficiently low closing effort. Various compromises were considered; namely, the minimum closing effort obtainable subject to selected semirobust conditions. The net result was that it was not possible to obtain sufficiently robust factor conditions, while achieving a suitably low value for closing effort.


Today, sustainable textile dyeing technologies are being researched with a purpose of developing ecofriendly dyes that are cost effective and resource efficient. Natural Earth Pigments also known as native earth pigments, earth colours, earth ochres, iron oxide pigments etc. come from naturally occurring minerals, typically iron oxide or manganese oxide. Terra dye is a sustainable and environment friendly dye which has been derived from pigmented earth and without the use of harsh toxic chemicals. It is 100% natural, obtained from the extraction of minerals. The study investigates the application of 'Terra dye' on cotton knitted fabrics. 100% Cotton Jersey and 100% Cotton Fleece fabrics were used. The terra dyed fabrics were tested for their properties of colour uptake, bleeding, rubbing fastness, resistance to light and washing fastness. The effect of different fixing agents was investigated. The results of the lab trials and testing, conclude that Terra dye has good prospects of being used in dyeing.


The energy efficiency is extremely significant in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) which deliver the data sensed in the sensor field, using wireless communications. Under the characteristics of WSN, many MAC protocols employ the Duty Cycle mechanism which continuously operates Wakeup and Sleep periods, for the energy efficiency. However, constant Wakeup period in general Duty Cycle incurs the limited performance of the energy efficiency and the receiving ratio. For addressing this, we design and propose a new scheme called Variable Wakeup Period, considering local traffic conditions. Our scheme enhances receiving ratio by increasing Wakeup period under the high traffic condition, and makes high energy efficiency by decreasing Wakeup period under the otherwise condition. In addition, we evaluate the performance of our scheme by performing the simulation, which experiments the previous synchronous and asynchronous MAC protocols, and which also experiments the same protocols with the proposed scheme, for comparative evaluations.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose an automatic metadata extraction and retrieval system to extract bibliographical information from digital academic documents in portable document formats (PDFs). Design/methodology/approach – The authors use PDFBox to extract text and font size information, a rule-based method to identify titles, and an Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to extract the titles and authors. Finally, the extracted titles and authors (possibly incorrect or incomplete) are sent as query strings to digital libraries (e.g. ACM, IEEE, CiteSeerX, SDOS, and Google Scholar) to retrieve the rest of metadata. Findings – Four experiments are conducted to examine the feasibility of the proposed system. The first experiment compares two different HMM models: multi-state model and one state model (the proposed model). The result shows that one state model can have a comparable performance with multi-state model, but is more suitable to deal with real-world unknown states. The second experiment show...


In many ATM switches, only a limited number of delay priority queues are available at each link. In order to support all five service categories defined in ATM Forum, the UBR and ABR service classes may have to be assigned to the same priority queue. In this paper we address the problem of controlling the resource sharing between UBR and ABR when both share the same FIFO queue in an ATM switch. We achieve the desired bandwidth sharing between these two classes by controlling the amount of buffer each class can occupy. In particular, we use the EDP threshold to control UBR by dropping UBR cells when this threshold is exceeded. We show that the control algorithm proposed in this paper achieves a tight control of the resource allocation between UBR and ABR.


This article describes a small, low‐profile linear antenna that is fed at the tip of a half‐wavelength element to maintain the input impedance high with a metallic reflector at a position near the antenna. A CPW‐like port at one end of a linear element yields a capacitive coupling with the metallic reflector resulting in a resistance of 50 Ω at the serial resonant frequency. Using this feed structure, a low‐profile electrically small antenna using a Peano line antenna is presented. The antenna gain and radiation efficiency of this antenna is compared with those of a meander antenna with the same dimensions and feed structure. The radiation efficiency of the Peano line antenna increases by ∼2 dB compared with that of the meander line at the 1‐GHz band. Finally, the polarization parameters are presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1833–1838, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24511


Objective To discuss the clinical significance of four serological test result before transfusion from the hospitalized patients on hospital infection management and controlling,in order to do a good job of self-protection and prevention of cross infection,while avoiding the occurrence of medical disputes.Methods The serum hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg),human immunodeficiency virus(type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ) antibody(anti-HIV1 /2),hepatitis C antibody(anti-HCV),syphilis antibody(anti-TP) of 3 237 hospitalized patients before transfusion were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) from 2007 to 2010.Results The total positive samples were 531 cases,with total positive rate of 16.40%.362 cases were detected positive of HBsAg,and anti-HIV were found in 13 cases,50 cases were detected positive of anti-HCV,116 cases were anti-TP positive,confirmatory test by syphilis(TPHA) confirmed 106 cases.Inspection of the gender perspective,the anti-TP positive rate(4.16%) of male was higher than 2.52% of females,the difference was significantly different(P0.05).Conclusion The detection of four serological test in patients with serological before blood transfusion could help us to know the health status of patients,and avoid or reduce the medical disputes of blood transmitted diseases caused by blood transfusion.


The titled compounds (5a-5k) have been synthesized by the condensation of 2-{4'-[(3"-aryl)-2"-Propene-1"-one]-Phenyl amino}-6-[bis-2""-chloroethyl) amino]-4-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine with urea in presence of conc. HCl (0.3ml) The biological activities of these compounds have been examined against various Gram +ve, Gram –ve bacteria and fungi. The structure of the products was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, Mass spectra and elemental analysis.


Abstract : Cutting yields from gang ripping hardwood lumber graded by the National Hardwood Lumber Association standard grades are determined using the technique of mathematical modeling. The lumber used is the same as that in an earlier mathematically modeled determination of cutting yields from traditional rough mill procedures. Mechanical cutting factors such as kerf, cutting lengths, and minimum salvage size are also the same in both studies. A comparison of yields between the two systems is made. While gang ripping produces higher total yields in all grades, the gain tends to be in the medium and shorter cutting lengths. (Author)


Abstract: In this study, Sendust (Fe85Si9.6Al5.4) nanostructure alloy was prepared by mechanical alloying and was characterized by X-ray diffraction. In addition, the alloy's morphology and its distribution particle size were investigated by scanning electron microscopy method. The alloyed powders were insulated with 4wt% of three different insulating materials including polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resin, and sodium silicate. Then, 0.5 wt% zinc stearate was added as a lubricant and the composites were formed at a pressure of 1600 MPa in a torodial die. These cores were annealed in Ar atmosphere at 350 to 450 oC for 1 h. Some of the magnetic parameters of the as-milled and annealed samples were measured and compared with each other in the frequency range of 4 to 1000 kHz. The results showed that polyvinyl alcohol is not a suitable insulating agent for insulating this alloy. In addition, the real part of the initial magnetic permeability of the magnetic powder core insulated by sodium silicate in comparison with that insulated by epoxy resin is a bit smaller, but more reduction of the imaginary part of former results in an increase the Q-factor throughout measuring frequency range. The results show that annealing is more effective on improvement of the measured magnetic properties of the samples insulated with sodium silicate than that insulated with epoxy resin.


Special districts have been seen as a formalized institution for promoting regional cooperation. They allow boundary design to the scale of public problems and may produce greater efficiency in the marketplace for local public goods. Many scholars also have highlighted the flexibility of special district boundaries once established, arguing that this flexibility allows for governance that is more adaptable to changing resource constraints and patterns of demand. While flexible boundaries might promote special districts' ability to internalize spillovers while acting alone, it might impede more ad hoc forms of cooperation among localities. This paper presents evidence that boundary change is a substitute strategy to the establishment of intergovernmental agreements for the resolution of interlocal policy challenges. By allowing special districts with slack resources to expand into new territory, state rules that promote boundary flexibility reduce the likelihood that districts will develop contracting relationships to share their surplus capacity with neighboring governments. The results demonstrate the importance of considering the entire package of coordinating institutions that are available in a given region when we examine how local governments develop solutions to collective action problems. Paper prepared for the Workshop on Networks and Coordination of Fragmented Authority: The Challenge of Institutional Collective Action in Metropolitan Areas, Florida State University, February 16-17, 2007. The author gratefully acknowledges research assistance from Yphtach Lelkes and Josh Weikert.


Training teachers of TCASL(teaching Chinese as a second language) in China began in 1980s.And ever since 1990s,particularly in the last 10 years,scholars in this field have made tremendous achievements in studies of the quality and training of TCASL teachers.However,the past studies were often confined only to the amount of knowledge and the capacity a TCASL teacher should possess,while the relationship between knowledge and capacity on the one hand,and the way to foster and assess a teacher's teaching ability on the other,have not been taken into consideration.Moreover,researches of the assessment of teacher training effect by way of statistic analysis and survey should also be strengthened.So we need to broaden the research field,and transfer the emphasis to training volunteer teachers and overseas high school and elementary school Chinese teachers under the novel situation of international Chinese language promotion.


Developmentally arrested malarial gametocytes undergo gamete formation in the mosquito midgut immediately after ingestion of the infected bloodmeal. In the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei male gametogenesis (exflagellation) can be induced in vitro by a temperature decrease (from 39°C in the vertebrate host to 20°C) and a concomitant pH increase (from 7·3 in mouse blood to 8·0). We report the presence of additional Gametocyte Activating Factor(s) (GAF) present in Anopheles stephensi tissue extracts, which induce both male and female gametogenesis at the otherwise non-permissive pH of 7·3 in vitro but are unable to overcome the low temperature requirement. All constituent cellular events of microgametogenesis studied here are induced by the same triggers in vitro. A temperature decrease is also required for exflagellation in the mosquito midgut. The possible role of GAF as a second obligatory natural trigger of gametogenesis is discussed.


The formation order and social structure regarding to the institute of justices of the peace in the second half of XIX century is analyzed in the article. As Russia has own historical practice of judicial transformations, an appeal to history of the researched legal institute, applied to the judicial reform of 1864, is aimed to use in a due measure the pre-revolutionary Russia experience to improve the modern judicial system in the Russian Federation.


We have investigated the impact of using multimedia learning modules (MLM) on the learning of students enrolled in introductory physics courses at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. One hundred fifty-nine students were randomly registered in two sections of an introductory mechanics course, one of which featured the MLMs. Both sections had the same instructor, participated in class discussions on identical topics, and used the same problem-solving examples. The students in the multimedia group outperformed the students who did not experience the MLMs in a final course examination and across identical discussion questions.


In this paper we investigate the relationship between sovereign CDSs and Bonds, and Equity markets for 13 European countries during the period 2008-2010. We confirm the leading role incorporating new information of Equity markets during 2008-2009, but we find large evidence supporting that during 2010 sovereign CDS markets took over this role and led the process. When focusing on the sovereign CDS markets of the 13 countries and the co-movement of these markets we find that during years 2007-2009 the Spanish CDSs lead the price discovery process. During year 2010, the German CDS also took an important leading role.