The requirements for global data acquisition systems stem primarily from the use of computers in general forecasting and their acceptance of only quantitative information. During the early part of the 1970's, automation of the basic surface observation is seen as a major trend. The development of compatible sensor systems to eliminate human subjectivity is identified as an important problem area. Use of navigational aids (Loran-C/Omega) will be made in obtaining upper atmospheric data to heights of 30 km. During the mid and late 1970's, remote sensing from satellites will provide temperature profies of the atmosphere on an operational basis for the entire globe. By the end of the decade, surface based indirect sensors will be in use for near surface (up to 10 km) measurements of temperature and moisture. The development of these systems and their employment depend in large measure on the capabilities of the electronics industry.


In this technical note, the author studies the dynamics of open quantum system in Markovian environment. The author gives necessary and sufficient conditions for such dynamics to be majorization monotone, which are those dynamics always mixing the states.


Writing about George Du Maurier in 1897, Henry James finds a "mystery" posed by the enormous public success of Du Maurier's Trilby (1894): "The case remains, . . . it is one of the most curious of our time." "Why did the public pounce on its prey with a spring so much more than elephantine?" James asks, pondering both the novel and the author it turned into an unwilling celebrity.(1) Certainly shifting marketing practices of both books and authors at the end of the century enabled Trilby's popularity, as Edward Purcell suggests.(2) However, the answer to James's question lies in how Trilby uniquely fits into a cultural history of the 1890s. For though Trilby, a fictionalized account of Du Maurier's bohemian life in Paris in 1856-57, is set in the past, this essay will argue that Trilby is very much concerned with the artistic, sexual, and identity issues that were embraced by the label "Aesthetic" and that came to be represented by Oscar Wilde in the 1890s. In 1894, Trilby imaginatively reformulated Britain's contemporary credos of anti-aestheticism as a cultural myth.(3) Before the 1890s, Du Maurier had been obviously linked to anti-aestheticism. From 1873 to 1882, he famously ridiculed the new aesthetic movement in Punch. As his caricatures of the aesthetes illustrate, the anti-aesthetic issues that surrounded the Wilde trials, such as the emerging codes governing homosexuality and the conflict over the arts, were hardly new in 1895. In fact, Du Maurier had already been caricaturing the aesthetes for seven years when Wildean characters first appeared in his cartoons, beginning with the introduction of the character Jellaby Postlethwaite in February 1880. This fact ironically provokes Du Maurier's authoritative biographer Leonee Ormond to proclaim that "a study of Du Maurier's cartoons establishes . . . the lack of any true originality in Wilde's outrageous behavior."(4) However, as Ormond goes on to quote, James Whistler found subtler words for the relationship between Du Maurier and Wilde: Mr Du Maurier and Mr Wilde happening to meet in the rooms where Mr Whistler was holding his first exhibition of Venice etchings, the latter brought the two face to face, and taking each by the arm inquired: "I say, which one of you two invented the other, eh?"(5) Here, Whistler, who had accused Wilde of plagiarizing from him and who knew of his own long-standing presence in Du Maurier's cartoons, perhaps wryly insinuates that he is the aesthete who has "invented" both of them. Whistler's question--who invented who?--is also finally a feint cleverly designed to leave Du Maurier at a loss. For to Du Maurier, aestheticism is a pose, a pose understood as overlaying and perhaps corrupting an essential identity. Thus, when Du Maurier responds to Whistler's comment soon after with a cartoon, he mocks the idea of inventing a person (see figure 1, p. 541). In the cartoon, a collapse of identity is equated with identity's collapse into artifice, but, then again, there the aesthetic characters are, presumably proof that identity is essential, that their identity is a reality beyond the pale of invention. In these exchanges, from Whistler's comment to Du Maurier's cartoon, the artists reveal conflicting understandings of identity, but also --and more importantly--they reveal the interdependent texture of their conflict in general. In fact, Du Maurier's cartoon appropriately appeared the same year that Wilde, on tour for Gilbert and Sullivan's Patience, was himself busy promoting the caricaturing of the aesthetes. A collapse of this kind of dialectical tension would hardly come from either side operating in this vein. On the contrary, the exchanges underscore the ongoing process of self-consciously, mutually sustaining the conflict. Indeed, there is a necessary assumption of topicality and a rejection of closure in the genre of the cartoon itself that grants the aesthetes the right to an existence, if embattled. …


Summary Haemophilia A is an X-linked inherited, rare bleeding disorder, caused by a deficiency of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Previous studies in prophylactic dosing have demonstrated that FVIII consumption can be significantly reduced by individualising dosing based on combined analysis of individual pharmacokinetic (PK) profiling and population PK data (Bayesian analysis). So far, no studies have been performed that address perioperative concentrate consumption using iterative PK-guided dosing based on a PK population model. The "OPTI-CLOT" trial is an open-label, prospective, multicentre randomised controlled superiority trial (RCT), aiming to detect a 25 % difference in perioperative FVIII concentrate consumption with iterative Bayesian PK-guided dosing in comparison to the standard dosing procedure. Sixty haemophilia A patients ≥ 12 years of age, with FVIII plasma levels ≤0.05 IUml-1 will be included requiring FVIII replacement therapy administered either by continuous or bolus infusion for an elective, low or medium risk surgical procedure. The proposed study aims to investigate a novel perioperative iterative PK-guided dosing strategy, based on a recently constructed perioperative PK population model. This model will potentially decrease underdosing and overdosing of clotting factor concentrate and is expected to overall reduce FVIII consumption by minimally 25 %. Moreover, participating hospitals will gain experience with PK-guided dosing, facilitating future implementation of this intervention which is expected to optimise current care and reduce costs of treatment. This study is part of the "OPTI-CLOT" research programme (Patient tailOred PharmacokineTIc-guided dosing of CLOTting factor concentrates in clotting disorders)", an (inter)national multicentre study aiming to implement PKguided dosing of clotting factor replacement therapy by initiating studies to demonstrate its implications and feasibility, improve PK models and to increase knowledge of patient-tailored PK-guided dosing.


The existence of ulama as heirs of the Prophet occupies a strategic role in solving religious problems that occur in society. This research is a library research with the data source in the form of documentation. The data collected were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method through a historical approach. The results showed that the existence of ulama needs to be maintained through a regeneration model. Historically, the ulama's regeneration model has been implemented since the era of the Prophet Muhammad, khulafa al-rasyidun, the formation of the school of thought to the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. The ulama's regeneration models are carried out using the question and answer model, the determination model, the story model, the da'wah model, and the demonstration model. The model for the regeneration of ulama in Indonesia is carried out with the model of education in Religious Higher Education, Islamic boarding schools and the education of ulama regeneration.


The thermal expansion of Nb3Sn superconducting composites has been investigated with newly developed electro-optical measurement technique. In this method, deformation of the sample is recorded with two CCD cameras equipped with long distance micro objective lenses. Image processing is accomplished with a high resolution frame grabber and an auxiliary high speed processor board. The linear thermal expansion data of two different samples are reported from room temperature down to 73 K. The results are compared with the linear thermal expansion of copper and Nb3Sn, the main components of the composite itself. The temperature dependence of (Delta) L/L at low temperature has been generated. A simple analytical method was used to evaluate the values of the mean thermal expansion coefficient ((alpha) ). Good agreement has been found between the experimental results and the analytically evaluated values.


Funding information Maastricht University Abstract Lowering professional turnover is of paramount importance for professional service firms, as with each professional, crucial proprietary knowledge leaves the firm. Based on the need to retain this crucial knowledge in the firm, this study explores whether factors that drive learning at work also mitigate professionals' turnover behavior. Building on insights from both workplace learning and turnover research, this study follows 96 professional auditors across a period of 5 years to determine how drivers for workplace learning at the organizational, the social interaction, and the individual level relate to turnover behavior. Through survival analysis, we find that those auditors who experience a supportive learning climate at the organizational level were less likely to leave their firm and profession, while those who score high on individual-level reflection were more likely to leave their firm and profession. We also found that professionals scoring high on reflection leave more quickly when they perceive to work in an unsupportive learning climate— when they experience low synergy across workplace learning levels. Especially observable behaviors, such as providing DOI: 10.1002/hrdq.21436


Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies are generated in the Golgi of animal cell lines. As a result of biotherapeutic manufacturing, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies may produce the sialic acid, N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Cells produce this monosaccharide when the enzyme cytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) adds an oxygen atom to N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). Neu5Gc must be activated via linkage to cytidine monophosphate for sialyl transferases to add them to glycan termini. The levels of Neu5Gc incorporated into monoclonal antibody–based drugs significantly depend on the host cell line, the expression levels of CMAH and cytidine monophosphate, and the cell culture process used. The chimeric monoclonal antibody anti-CD20 rituximab and the fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody ofatumumab are produced in CHO and NSO cells, respectively. CHO express lower CMAH than NSO. Therefore, the proportion of N-linked glycans capped with Neu5Gc is higher in ofatumumab than in rituximab, with a consequent significantly high immunogenic profile. Humans do not have activated Neu5Gc due to a deletion of a critical exon in the CMAH gene. However, despite humans' inability to synthesize it, Neu5Gc may become a so-called xeno-autoantigen, because of its presence on human glycoproteins and glycolipids through metabolic incorporation after dietary consumption of mammalian-derived products, such as dairy and meat. Therefore, in humans, anti-Neu5Gc antibodies (anti-Neu5Gc Abs) are usually generated during early infancy, minimally persist during adulthood, and could be of concern when administering a therapeutic containing Neu5Gc. In an extensive randomized clinical trial, we compared the efficacy of a single infusion of ofatumumab versus rituximab in 140 children and young adults (aged 2–24 years) with steroidand calcineurin inhibitor–dependent nephrotic syndrome (NCT02394119). The main result we reported was that ofatumumab was not superior to rituximab in maintaining remission in such subjects. However, rituximab was more efficient in subjects,9 years old. Dr. Lemaire, in a comment about the clinical trial, suggested that the serum titer of anti-Neu5Gc Abs may have affected the clinical outcome of subjects. To test this hypothesis, we developed a homemade ELISA test for the serum detection of circulating anti-Neu5Gc Abs. We tested sera at enrollment (before infusions) and at 6–9 months of followup in 39 and 62 subjects receiving ofatumumab and rituximab, respectively (no significant differences of baseline characteristics were reported). Briefly,Nunc-MaxiSorpplates (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were coated with bovine sialomucin (Sigma-Aldrich). Then, plates were washed and blocked with PBS with 1% wt/vol chicken ovalbumin (chick protein lacks Neu5Gc). After further washes, serum samples (1:100 in PBS-T and 1% wt/vol chicken ovalbumin) were added. Plates were washed and we added rabbit anti-Human IgG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (Invitrogen, 1:5000 in PBST and 1%wt/vol chickenovalbumin).After adequate washes, the peroxidase substrate (TMB, Bio-Rad) was added, and the reaction was stopped with an H2SO4 solution. An iMark microplate reader (Bio-Rad) read the absorbance at 450 nm. To standardize the response of the antibodies, we used a pool of strongly positive controls. Optical density was expressed as RU/ml. As Figure 1A shows, serum levels of anti-Neu5Gc Abs significantly decreased after infusion of both rituximab and


The seventeenth-century novel Xivoubu is often seen as continuing the Buddhist emphasis of the Xiyouji. But a close reading of the later novel reveals that it rather challenges the Buddhist denigration of earthly existence as presented in Xiyouji. While the journey related in Xiyouji moves away from the world of shapes and sounds into serenity and enlightenment, the journey of Xivoubu enters deeply into the world of the senses, emotions, attachments, and desires. Awareness of Xivoubu's more humanistic perspective sheds light on the novel's complexity and also reflects the social reality of seventeenth-century China.


This study aimed to explore the experience and nature of emotional care for elderly parent living alone for middle-aged adult who formed initial insecure attachment with his or her parent. To this end, 12 middle-aged people aged 45 to 60 (3 males and 9 females) were recruited as subjects of the study, interviewed in-depth, and analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological research method. As a result of the study, 60 constitutive meanings, 18 themes, and 4 thematic groups were derived for the experience of middle-aged adult who experienced insecure attachment to his or her parent and caring for the emotional needs of elderly parent living alone. Thematic groups included "negative experiences that caused emotional exhaustion," "emotional driving force in emotional care," "the role of helper in parental care," and "economic and physical content in emotional care". This study is meaningful in that it revealed the phenomenon of experiences of emotional care for parent living alone by middle-aged adult who had an initial unstable attachment with his or her parent to understand them and contributed to the provision of counseling data. ■ keyword :∣Elderly Parent Living Alone∣Middle-aged Adults∣Insecure Parental Attachment∣Emotional Care∣Phenomenology∣ 접수일자 : 2021년 09월 30일 수정일자 : 2021년 10월 21일 심사완료일 : 2021년 10월 22일 교신저자 : 김계연, e-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 '21 Vol. 21 No. 11 658


Background: Acute scrotum comprises a long list of differential diagnosis. The patient suffering from an acute scrotal condition requires urgent medical care. It must be evaluated promptly and accurately to make a management plan especially to save the testis from necrosis in torsion. Decision making regarding the plan for exploration is more important than reaching an exact diagnosis. Objectives: To differentiate emergency surgical acute scrotal conditions from non-surgical cases. To establish an early diagnosis of acute scrotum in children. To avoid negative exploration of acute scrotum in many cases. Methods: Sixty four patients of different age groups ranging from neonate to 12 years were underwent surgical exploration under general anesthesia (GA) between January 2016 to December 2019. The study was conducted in the Faculty of Paediatric Surgery in Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute (BSH&I). A total of 72 patients were admitted with acute scrotal pain and/or swelling and evaluated by taking detailed history of presenting complaints, careful physical examinations, different laboratory investigations including serum c-reactive protein (CRP) level and radiology & imaging studies whenever appropriate and available. Results: Out of 72 cases admitted for acute scrotum, serum C - reactive protein (CRP) level estimation was done in all cases and surgical exploration was done in 64 cases. Total sample size was 64. In age incidence majority of patients were >1 year-6 years (37.5%) and >6 years-12 years (34.37%). Majority of patients came with scrotal swelling (100%), pain (93.77%) and fever (65.62%). Majority of patients came after 48 hours of onset of symptoms and exploration was performed within 6 hours to 12 hours. Blood collection was done >48 hours since complaints in majority cases (59.38%). Serum CRP level was negative in majority cases of Torsion testis (TT) and Torsion appendix testis (TAT). Total count of WBC was raised in majority of inflammatory cases ...


AbstractThis study examines two grammatical strategies in Japanese, nominalization and commentary predicate, with a special focus on how they are distributed in discourse and how they join together to bring about related meanings to discourse. I focus on no and koto nominalization co-occurring with commentary predicate (i.e., nominal da 'be' and adjectival predicate), where the nominal clause may occur as a part of the nominal predicate or elsewhere.After examining 24 contemporary Japanese essays, I argue that a synergistic relationship exists—in terms of distribution, and consequently in terms of rhetorical effects—between no nominalization and the commentary predicate strategy. Koto nominalization, on the other hand, appears elsewhere frequently and no overt mutually enhancing relationship is recognized. However, upon closer examination, it was revealed that the formulaic expressions in which koto frequently appears share characteristics similar to the commentary predicate. It is suggested that in certa...


In commercial relationships, it is common that contractual rights are transferred to third parties. If the general agreement contains an arbitration agreement, the question arises if the agreement to arbitrate after a transfer of rights becomes automatically binding between the new parties. For instance, The Supreme Court has ruled that the new party is automatically bound due to legal policy considerations and 27 § in the Law of Promissory Notes. Regarding the issue whether the remaining party after a transfer of rights shall be bound by an arbitration clause in the contract between the original parties the Supreme Court has only ruled on the matter obiter dictum and the question has been the subject various opinions in the legal doctrine. Thus, the purpose of this thesis was to illustrate and analyse the arguments presented in Swedish as well as international literature whether the remaining party ought to be bound by arbitration or not. Since the question is not regulated by Swedish law the discussion of the thesis is based on legal policy considerations.

In order to resolve disputes through arbitration, an agreement to that effect is required. An arbitration agreement is only binding between the parties who entered the agreement. Isolated contractual claims can be freely transferred without the remaining party's consent or knowledge. In those situations it is problematic to reach the conclusion that the new parties have entered an arbitration agreement of their own. In order to avoid the arbitration clause to become due the agreement to arbitrate must be based on different reasons than contractual commitment.

Further, remaining parties cannot be considered to always have an interest in being bound to arbitrate with assignees which suggests that the party should have the right to choose between arbitration and court proceedings. However, such a right to choose has not been regarded appropriate as it leads to unpredictability and encourages forum speculations. The Supreme Court ruled obiter dictum entailing that the remaining party is bound by the arbitration clause although special circumstances could release the remaining party from the arbitration agreement. The concept of special circumstances has in the legal doctrine been considered to cover situation where decisions to enter into arbitration agreements were based on personal confidence between the original parties. Furthermore, situations may arise where remaining parties are forced to participate in arbitral proceedings with financially weak assignees that are unable to pay for the proceedings. These exceptions to arbitration are to be judged narrowly as not to result in an unpredictable order. The thesis also had an international perspective when investigating whether the remaining party is bound to arbitrate or not. The prevailing international notion was that the arbitration clause automatically follows the transfer of rights as long as the original parties have not agreed otherwise. Exceptions to the main rule have been recognized under certain circumstances.
The conclusion of the thesis was that remaining parties ought to be bound to arbitrate after transfers of rights since it is important that national regulation harmonizes with the internationally dominant position on the matter, especially in an area of law with such an international character as arbitration. An automatic transfer of the arbitration clause promotes an arbitration friendly policy that is in accordance with the prevailing international opinion which in turn creates a predictable regulation for international parties. Given this fact, the rule of contractual party restriction must stand back in order to reach a more effective solution that benefits the market economic efficiency.


Two novel dynamic voting algorithms are proposed. One, called optimistic dynamic voting, operates on possibly out-of-date information, which greatly increases the efficiency of the algorithm and simplifies its implementation. The other, called topological dynamic voting, explicitly takes into account the topology of the network on which the copies reside to increase the availability of the replicated data. The authors compare availabilities of replicated data managed by both algorithms with those of data managed by existing voting protocols using a simulation model with realistic parameters. Optimistic dynamic voting is found to perform as well as the best existing voting algorithms while topological dynamic voting performs much better than all other voting algorithms when two or more copies reside in the same nonpartitionable group.<<ETX>>


We present a new concept for anti-neutrino detection, an organic liquid TPC with a volume of the order of m3 and an energy resolution of the order of 1% at 3 MeV and a sub-cm spatial resolution.


The theoretical framework within which this article defines and describes the teaching of reading in early childhood education is derived from the work Ehri (1995). Ehri is professor of educational psychology at New York University. Professor Ehri describes four phases to the process of learning how to read. The four phases are pre-alphabetic, partial alphabetic, full alphabetic, and consolidated alphabetic (Ehri, 1995). Once the reader has gone through these four stages, they are then able to move forward towards fluency in reading by memorizing sight words. At the end of these processes the student will then be able to achieve literacy.


This abstract and the resulting paper explore the ideas of narrative and context as generative tools in the digital design process. This is the initial premise of an interdisciplinary graduate seminar taught at the University of Florida between the Schools of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Computer Science and Engineering. The resulting design narratives will be discussed and evaluated. The different types of narrative – conceptual, plot based, etc. – will be examined and new types of interactivity will be proposed and tested.


246 British Journal of Healthcare Management 2014 Vol 20 No 5 © 2 01 4 M A H ea lth ca re L td attendances during the period up to December 2010. It is during this time that there was a push to open Type 3 AE 2013b). The increased deaths during Rod Jones Untangling the A&E crisis


Case Report Case no. I A 20-year-old woman, with no previous history of atopy or allergies, had been working as a hairdresser for 4 years. She presented with a 9-month history of an intensely itchy papular rash that had started on her hands and had progressively spread to involve the whole body. Initially, she used to improve over the weekend, but latterly, this was not true and worsening disease made her temporarily stop working.


The quality of distance learning courses is determined by an appropriate organization of material and learning forms. Therefore it should be taken into consideration, among other factors, the history of success and failure of previous achievements of the course to be offered and the specific profile of the new class of students. This paper proposes an information visualization environment based on the data of the Learning Analytics of a discipline, that supports the teacher to produce improvements in new editions of a course. It should also be possible to monitor runtime student progress and identify potential problems with the Instructional Design of a discipline.


The exacerbation of pre-existing psychiatric conditions and the development of a new-onset psychiatric disorder during pregnancy directly affects the care of pregnant women. Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent in reproductive age women and may be exacerbated in the perinatal and postpartum periods. Post-traumatic stress disorder is another common condition seen in this population and may worsen under the stress of pregnancy, delivery, and childrearing. Substance abuse is also pervasive in this population, requiring obstetricians to have a thorough understanding of how to manage and treat pregnant women with dependence disorders. Psychiatric conditions and substance abuse often co-exist. These and other disorders present significant risk to the mother and fetus. It is essential therefore for obstetric care providers to understand how to screen for, diagnose, and treat psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and in the postpartum period.
This review contains 4 tables, and 58 references.
Keywords: perinatal depression, postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis, anxiety in pregnancy, substance abuse in pregnancy, post-traumatic stress disorder in pregnancy, eating disorders in pregnancy, pregnancy screening


This paper presents the content of the television distance education course called management of software projects. It is a mandatory course of the undergraduate program of computer science from University Laval. Thirteen television programs are used to show the workplace reality. The first part of this paper summarizes the result of the needs analysis that drives us to design and develop this kind of distance learning material. The second part gives an idea of the knowledge that students must acquire. The third part gives emphasis to the use of television programs to share parts of the professional lives of forty experienced managers of software projects.


Acrylic acid (AA) was grafted onto the powdered isotactic polypropylene ( i -PP) by using the electron-beam-induced preirradiation method.Eleven rare earth ions, including La 3+, Pr 3+, Nd 3+, Sm 3+, Eu 3+, Gd 3+, Tb 3+, Dy 3+, Er 3+, Tm 3+ and Yb 3+, were adsorbed on the graft product PP- g -AA. The properties of RE 3+ adsorbed were investigated in detail. These properties include the sorption quantity, the distribution ratio and the sorption rate. We found that "Inclined W Effect" and "Tetrad Effect" exist in the sorption behavior.


Much recent research has concluded that the persistence of responsive and nontyrannical democracies depends upon the maintenance of special political influentials or elites. It is argued that maintaining these groups is essential because they have been socialized, through their participation in the political process, to support democratic principles such as minority rights even when the majority of the polity may not. In fact, many have suggested that this resocialization process is of such magnitude and importance that the end result is a distinctively political stratification system, not co-


This item has been published in Issue 04 'In and Out of the Museum: New Destinations of the Moving Image,' edited by Eugénie Zvonkine and Luísa Santos. To cite this item: Blümlinger C (2021) Framing, Masking, Revealing: Mark Lewis's Regime of Projection. The Garage Journal: Studies in Art, Museums & Culture, 04: 1–12. DOI: 10.35074/GJ.2021.20.91.002 To link to this item: https://doi.org/10.35074/GJ.2021.20.91.002 Published: 30 November 2021


We studied the adaptive significance of nest abandonment and re-nesting in the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea) in east-central Illinois from 1995 through 1997. This Neotropical migrant is widely distributed and highly persistent in re-nesting following nest abandonment. Nest abandonment may be a response to brood parasitism, predation or other nest disturbances. We studied the nesting behavior of gnatcatchers and investigated the cues which may elicit nest abandonment. We monitored 57 pairs of gnatcatchers which built a total of 98 nests. Twenty pairs successfully fledged a total of 63 young and overall nest success was only 8.5%. Daily mortality rates for these 98 nests showed a marked peak during the egg-laying stage and were 2.5 9 x greater than at other stages (P<0.05). Of the 98 nests, we could directly observe 36 (the others were only observed from the ground with binoculars); 56% of these were parasitized. Of the parasitized nests, 80% were abandoned either during the egg-laying stage or the first three days of incubation whereas only 6% of the unparasitized nests were abandoned during these stages (P<0.001 ). Nest success for parasitized nests (0%) was significantly lower than unparasitized nests (61.1 %) (P=0.001 ). Predation accounted for 19% of the nest failures and was relatively uncommon compared to parasitism. Our data did not indicate any marked differences in habitat characteristics between parasitized and unparasitized nests, however, unparasitized nests did tend to be located further from the trunk of the nest tree than parasitized nests (P=0.066). In addition, nest height, distance of the nest from the trunk of the tree and distance of the nest


Through the years, English has increasingly been spoken by millions of speakers in the world as a second and foreign language to communicate across countries. As it was natively used by, following categorization conceptualized by Braj Bihari Kachru (1990), inner circle countries (English as L1), the speakers of outer circle (English as L2) and expanding circle (English as a foreign language, EFL) have outnumbered the native speakers (Kirkpatrick & Sussex, 2018). The cultural, geographical, and physical distinctions of speakers worldwide may shape and transform linguistic features (Kirkpatrick & Lixun, 2021). It leads to varieties of English. Bearing this in mind, through the lens of the use of English worldwide shaped by his upbringings, Andy Kirkpatrick, experienced living in the U.K., Malaysia, and Australia edited a sheer handbook of world Englishes by compiling 40 cutting-edge chapters capturing the varieties of English around the world, from its home origins involving U.K., U.S., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand to outer and expanding circles (European, African, and Asian countries) and also comprises varieties across social disciplines (culture, education, and business). As the successor of its preceding edition, the second edition attempted to address extensively the up-to-date issue on the role of English including socio-cultural, language literature, and pedagogical concerns and welcome readers across disciplines.


A steady search has been made to bring out the secrecy of herbal recipe preparations from the manuscript of various
traditional medical practitioners who have been residing in the villages of Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu. The principal
objective of the study is to document a sum of 21 plants belonging to 18 genera and 21 species widely used for human
diseases such as antidote for Insect sting, Arteriosclerosis, Gastro intestinal disorders, Skin disorders, Migraine,
Giddiness, Eczema, Tonsillitis, Foot crack and also as Insect repellent and Fungicide in agricultural fields. The
potentiality of the herbal medicine is evaluated by observing the patients during and after the oral and external
administration of herbal recipe by the rural healers. Cultivation, conservation and proper utilization of medicinal
plant species are the need of hour to secure humans and agricultural crops from the adverse effects of broad spectrum of
antibiotics and chemical pesticides. Further this study opens the way for making ecofriendly safe drugs and bio
pesticides for mankind and cultivable plant species respectively.


Abstract:Recurring debate over the authenticity of Luke 22:43-44 has subjected the verses to intense scrutiny. In addition to the unique vocabulary and Jesus' ἀγωνία, the blood and sweat metaphor/imagery is a usual locus of investigation. Missing from these studies on the blood and sweat, however, has been any interrogation of καταβαίνοντες, the one term describing the sweat's secretion and motion. Almost unanimously, translators and commentators have rendered the participle as "falling" even though this is inconsistent with Luke's own use of καταβαίνειν. I argue that the notion of sweat falling is incongruous across time and genre with Greek modes of discussing the emission and movement of sweat and similar bodily fluids. Instead of Jesus' sweat "falling," I argue that "coursing down" or "streaming down" best captures the idiom. Along with gaining translational accuracy and coherence with Lucan usage, I suggest that this description of Jesus' sweat accords with his bodily comportment (kneeling) in 22:41, a modest but previously unnoticed piece of internal evidence that may point toward the verses' authenticity.


This is a session John Atkin delivered at the 26th International Sculpture Conference: Sculpture in Context: Tradition & Innovation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15th-18th October 2016.


The method of calculating pair correlation energies of the electrons in the many-electron systems is suggested. The method is based on a variational principle. The calculation of the correlation energies of 1s--ls and 1s--2s pairs in the lithium atom is given as an example. (auth)


Titanium film was deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass substrate(FTO) by electron beam evaporation(EBEAM),ultra-long titania nanotube arrays/FTO electrode was fabricated by potentiostatic anodization of the titanium film in C2H6O2+NH4F electrolyte at room temperature.The structure and the composition of the titania nanotube arrays/FTO electrode were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscope(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission spectrometer.The results show that inner diameter and length of the as-prepared titania nanotube are 43nm and 5.4μm respectively.The titania nanotube arrays/FTO transparent electrode after annealing in air is of anatase phase with length of 5μm.The transmittance of the titania nanotube arrays is 45% in visible wavelength range and an absorbance peak is observed at wavelength of 400nm.


The purpose of this research is to find out the effectiveness of using e-commerce in ornamental plant business, and what benefits can be made for ornamental plant farmers. This research used a descriptive method for a complete review of the situation that occurred at the time of the study, the results of this study to find out how much results can be obtained if using e-commerce in the world of ornamental plant business, and what benefits can be made by ornamental plant farmers, this research is conducted by discussing how orders, sales and payments transactions are made using e-commerce, the results of this research that e-commerce can improve sales efficiency for ornamental plant farmers, of course e-commerce technology can affect the level of ornamental plant sales


This research is focused on the influence of public relations activities (PublicRelations-PR) through the use of the internet (Cyber ??PR) to brand awarenessa private college. The purpose of this research is to find outhow the influence of cyber PR activities carried out by the University Public RelationsSumbawa Technology (UTS) through social media such as Facebook, Youtube andInstagram towards increasing UTS brand awareness. ResearchThis method uses quantitative methods with SPSS structural equation modeling (SEM)to compile a model of research results. The sample population used inThis research is the community of Sumbawa sub-district with the age criteria 15-29year in which 124 respondents filled out a questionnaire as a representation of 16,770 peoplethe people of Sumbawa for that age category. From the results of the F test there is an influencesimultaneous between independent variables (Facebook, Instagram and Youtube variables)to the dependent variable (Brand Awareness). Meanwhile, the results of the t test are obtainedthat the Instagram variable has a significant influence onincrease in UTS campus brand awareness.


In the last few years, novel functional neuroimaging techniques have provided powerful tools for the noninvasive investigation of brain anatomy and function. In particular, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has rapidly assumed a leading role among these techniques and has been extensively used to gain insights on the functions of the normal brain. We discuss: 1) the possibility of using this technique as a tool for assessing the processes of cortical reorganization that occur in impaired patients that follow programs of cognitive rehabilitation; 2) the possibility of using real-time fMRI for biofeedback applications.


This comprehensive study focuses on a checklist survey of wild mushrooms and documents their morphological variability and diversity at Jahangirnagar University, a natural and social forest area in Bangladesh. Through field studies on the campus grounds from June to October 2021, 60 samples were collected from which 40 species were identified by morphological characters, belonging to 33 genera, 26 families, and 10 orders. Most species were identified from the order Agaricales and the highest frequency (83.33%) from the orders Polyporales and Agaricales. The highest species abundance was 83.33% for Ganoderma spp., Crepidotus applanatus and the density was 70% for Marasmiellus candidus. The dominant species were Ganoderma spp., Coprinus disseminates, Marasmius spp., Schizophyllum commune, Calvulina coralloides. The wild mushrooms were prevalent in the natural forest areas of the Jahangirnagar University campus. As far as we are aware, this report is the very first work on wild mushrooms or macro-fungi on the campus of Jahangirnagar University. This survey shows that the campus grounds are enriched with a wide variety of wild mushrooms.
Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 11(1 & 2): 41-67, 2022 (June & December)


Research into the denomination of a language and nation is often driven by different intentions, yet mostly the aim is to create an idea through which a neme express certain views. The naiming of a languge and nation is one of the ways of intervening into social conditions. The goal is to compile a corpus of the language and give it a name for the purposes of identification and separation from other languages and nations. As with all others names, the names of languages and nations also provide a categorisation form, and even represent a symbolic value which designates the name as a kind of ambassador carrying a certain message. But what exactly is the message and to whom is it intendes? Modern languages are also a representation of a country's power - what is the scope of such kind of presentation? These are just some of the questions discussed in the paper.


In this manuscript, we describe the potential role of the pericardial space as a drug delivery reservoir to administer angiogenic agents to the heart resulting in functionally significant angiogenesis with single bolus basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) delivery. We also describe a percutaneous subxyphoid pericardial access technique that is safe, rapid, and reliable.


In this paper, we argue that the design of ecological architecture should take into consideration all kinds of architectural and environmental factors. In the construction, we should not only meet the requirements of the development of the ecological environment, but also meet the characteristics of people living. In order to integrate the environment in the process of architectural space design, it is necessary to take full account of the natural conditions and the ecological environment of the site of the building, and effectively integrate the ecological building technology into the architectural design, and finally put forward a design scheme with economic, social and environmental benefits.


Understanding how sedimentary basins respond to seismic-wave energy generated by large earthquake events is a significantconcernforseismic-hazardestimation.Thisstudy explorestheuseofmicrotremors,orambientnoise,forevaluating strong-motion site effects. The study focuses on the Mississippi Embayment in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, where widespread liquefaction and ground failure occurred during the 1811‐1812 earthquake sequence. Spectral analyses of microtremor data at sites representing different environments of deposition and sedimentary facies, different embayment thicknesses, and varying liquefaction susceptibility show correlations between 1 calculated vulnerability indices and evidence of liquefaction, 2 sediment thickness and fundamental resonant frequency, and 3 subsurface stratigraphic boundaries and observed peaks in horizontalto-vertical spectral ratios. Results of the study suggest that themicrotremormethodcouldbehelpfulinidentifyingthose areas most vulnerable to ground amplification in intraplate sedimentary basins, where large earthquakes are infrequent butpotentiallydamaging.


Fast discharge of numerous space charges in dielectric materials can cause space charge breakdown. This letter reports the role of nanoparticles in affecting space charge breakdown of nano/polymethyl methacrylate composites. Space charge distributions in the composites, implanted by electron beam irradiation, were measured by pressure wave propagation method. The results show that the nanoparticles have significant effects on the isothermal charge decay and space charge breakdown in the nanocomposites. The resistance to space charge breakdown in the nanocomposites is attributed to the combined action of the introduction of deep trapping states and the scattering effect by the added nanoparticles.


The present study was carried out to evaluate the preoperative quantitative estimations of various nuclear features which were obtained by means of fine-needle aspiration biopsies, for the diagnosis of follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. Subjects were 48 patients with follicular tumor of the thyroid operated on at the hospital between November 1987 and December 1994, whose histological explorations were fully conducted. Morphometric parameters including nuclear area, nuclear perimeter, circular rate, the largest to the smallest diameter ratio (LS) and coefficient of variation in nuclear area (NACV) were measured and calculated in aspirated cytological smears obtained from the patients with follicular tumor of the thyroid (18 follicular carcinomas, 13 adenomas and 17 adenomatous goiters). All parameters were estimated in at least 100 nuclei per case, and the results were analysed statistically. The circular rate of nuclei from adenomatous goiters was significantly greater than follicular carcinomas (p<0.001) and adenomas (p<0.05). LS of follicular carcinomas was significantly greater than adenomatous goiters (p<0.05). NACV showed significant differences between any of the groups (p<0.001). In conclusion, preoperative quantitative estimations of cytological nuclear features are of great help concerning differential diagnosis of follicular tumors of the thyroid.


bands ( specular conguration ) of the graphene dispersion, respectively. We nd that the dominant contributions to the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in the subgap transport are of period h=2e in retro conguration, whereas in specular conguration they are of period h=e. This result conrms the predictions obtained from a qualitative analysis of interfering scattering paths, and since it is robust against disorder and moderate changes of the system, it provides a clear signature to distinguish both types of Andreev reection processes in graphene.


Radical scavenging activity (RSA), antioxidant content (TEAC), total phenolic compounds content (TPCC) and volatile profile (VOCs) were measured in 26 honeys obtained from the Valparaíso Region (Chile). Persea americana honey was the most interesting sample according to these evaluated parameters. A Projection to Latent Structures (PLS) based algorithm was used to model the possible relationship between antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds content and volatile profile. Concerning the volatile profile, only nine volatile compounds, of a total of fifty, showed dependence on antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds content.


We have calculated the reflection and transmission coefficients of acoustic waves propagating across a solid-liquid interface of 4He, using an extension of the treatment of Castaing and Nozieres in which we include pressure changes associated with second sound. These calculations account well for the experimental results obtained over the temperature range 0.83 K.:$ T .:$1.46 K and provide an alternative explanation to the one we offered previously for the lack of agreement between experiment and the theory of Castaing and Nozieres.


Changes in social, economical, and cultural environment affect the manner in which mourners greet those expressing condolence to the deceased. While the funeral process was done at home in the past, nowadays, most families prefer a funeral home. Funeral homes provide all necessary services for the funeral process, including food for visitors and rituals. This research was conducted using a questionnaire in the Kyonggido area. Overall food satisfaction level of visitors was moderate; satisfaction with cleanness was the highest, followed by taste, quality, freshness, and diversity. Satisfaction level of foodservice by the type of funeral homes showed home funeral was highest, followed by general funeral home, hospital funeral home. Regarding the acceptance of food items served at the funeral home, Yukgaejang was the most preferred, followed by Gaorichomuchim, Pyeonyuk, Kodarichim, and Injeolmi. There were differences in food acceptance according to age and gender of visitors. Male prefers Samgyeopsal-suyuk to Pyeonyuk. but female prefer Pyeonyuk to Samgyeopsal-suyuk. Elder individuals preferred Kodarichim, Gaoricho-muchim. Younger individuals preferred Jeon, Ojingeodorajimuchim, and Samgyeopsal-suyuk.


I extramedullary lesions, especially those in the thoracic spine, create an additional level of complexity for spine surgeons. The exposure of the neural elements, as well as the inability to retract these elements, increases the risk of injury for the patient. Care must be taken to remove a lesion and close the dura in a way that avoids the formation of adhesions or tethering at a later date. The dural closure must be meticulous to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and infections. Nevertheless, with careful planning and specialized instruments, all of these goals can be accomplished using minimally invasive surgery (MIS).


We investigate the problem of generating the structure of short domain independent abstracts. We apply a supervised machine learning approach trained over a set of abstracts collected from abstracting services and automatically annotated with a text analysis tool. We design a set of features for learning inspired from past research in content selection, information ordering, and rhetorical analysis for training an algorithm which then predicts the discourse structure of unseen abstracts. The proposed approach to the problem which combines local and contextual features is able to predict the local structure of the abstracts in just over 60% of the cases.


This document redefines how the explicit congestion notification (ECN)
field of the IP header should be constructed on entry to and exit from
any IP in IP tunnel. On encapsulation it updates RFC3168 to bring all
IP in IP tunnels (v4 or v6) into line with RFC4301 IPsec ECN
processing. On decapsulation it updates both RFC3168 and RFC4301 to
add new behaviours for previously unused combinations of inner and
outer header. The new rules ensure the ECN field is correctly
propagated across a tunnel whether it is used to signal one or two
severity levels of congestion, whereas before only one severity level
was supported. Tunnel endpoints can be updated in any order without
affecting pre-existing uses of the ECN field (backward compatible).
Nonetheless, operators wanting to support two severity levels (e.g.
for pre-congestion notification--PCN) can require compliance with this
new specification. A thorough analysis of the reasoning for these
changes and the implications is included. In the unlikely event that
the new rules do not meet a specific need, RFC4774 gives guidance on
designing alternate ECN semantics and this document extends that to
include tunnelling issues.


Abstract Conditions for the existence and conjugacy of complements of certain minimal ideals of solvable Lie algebras over a Noetherian ring R are considered. Let L be a solvable Lie algebra and A be a minimal ideal of L. If L/A is nilpotent and L is not nilpotent then A has a complement in L, all such complements are conjugate and self-normalizing and if C is a complement then there exists an x∈L such that C = {y∈L; yadnx = 0 for some n = 1, 2,…}. A similar result holds if A is self-centralizing and a finitely generated R-module.


Disciplinarity, first started in the 18th century, took shape in the 19th century and sped up its process in the 20th century, has been closely related to colleges and universities all the time. Disciplinarity includes system of disciplines admission, disciplines division and advanced professionals cultivation. Disciplinarity innovation should be the focus of our deliberation.


This paper investigates the ultimate bound and positively invariant set for a chaotic system via the generalized Lyapunov function and optimization.Many ellipsoidal-like formulas can be derived.Then the result is applied to the study of chaos synchronization and the global synchronization of the two systems is achieved.Numerical simulations are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed chaos synchronization scheme.


"Time Value" is as important as the value for money. People have too few times and naturally affect the need for effective visual Merchandise, ultimately. This study is based on basic retail research, visual merchandising visual status, how to distinguish between competitors and meets customer satisfaction, and satisfies customer satisfaction. Despite the global economy of Indian retailers, it is still optimistic about the growth of India. The Indian economy is more stable than other economies around the world, and the rest of the world and the Indians cannot be confused. People with disposable income without economic downturn or recession will act. Likewise, retailers shouldn't complain about low sales, especially in India, where thousands of festivals and weddings are held throughout the year. But the eternal question is how to attract consumers. The answer is visual merchandising. Merchandising plan and the back of your home should be planned efficiently and carefully. Optimizing the retail space of your store is important. Visual merchandising can be stored regularly and can keep the


Although caring for a woman whose unborn is at the edge of viability can be heart-wrenching, NICHD now offers a clinical tool to individualize counseling and provide a more accurate prognosis.


(ADD)• ̈3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)triene-9,17-dione. Occasionally in addition to the intermediates above described several minor intermediates were observed to be form ed in the digestion mixture of cholesterol by Arthrobacter simplex IAM 1660, one of the most vigorous sterol decomposing microorganisms carrying out cleavage of the side chains and breakdown of the skeleton of the sterols. Cholesterol, 15g, was incubated with A. sim


Abstract. Aerosol particles have an important role in Earth's
radiation balance and climate, both directly and indirectly through
aerosol–cloud interactions. Most aerosol particles in the atmosphere are
weakly charged, affecting both their collision rates with ions and neutral
molecules, as well as the rates by which they are scavenged by other aerosol
particles and cloud droplets. The rate coefficients between ions and aerosol
particles are important since they determine the growth rates and lifetimes
of ions and charged aerosol particles, and so they may influence cloud
microphysics, dynamics, and aerosol processing. However, despite their
importance, very few experimental measurements exist of charged aerosol
collision rates under atmospheric conditions, where galactic cosmic rays in
the lower troposphere give rise to ion pair concentrations of around 1000 cm−3. Here we present measurements in the CERN CLOUD chamber of the
rate coefficients between ions and small (<10 nm) aerosol particles
containing up to 9 elementary charges, e. We find the rate coefficient of a
singly charged ion with an oppositely charged particle increases from 2.0
(0.4–4.4) × 10−6 cm3 s−1 to 30.6 (24.9–45.1) × 10−6 cm3 s−1 for particles with charges of 1 to
9 e, respectively, where the parentheses indicate the ±1σ
uncertainty interval. Our measurements are compatible with theoretical
predictions and show excellent agreement with the model of
Gatti and Kortshagen (2008).


The 2003 Medicare reform act requires creation of standards for the transmission of electronic prescriptions but not require that physicians to e-prescribe for Medicare patients.


A wireless sensor network (WSN) is composed of a large number of sensor nodes
spread across an area to perform computations based on information collected from
the environment we want to monitor. Each node in the network is equipped with a
battery, these batteries which recharge in practice is not feasible. Therefore, a crucial
question is to extend the network life as much as possible. In view of this, minimizing
the power consumed by the sensors and therefore maximize the lifetime of a WSN is
a significant challenge. This paper addresses some of the main techniques used for
energy conservation in sensor networks. The main focus of this paper is to examine
mechanisms and protocols for energy savings in WSN those based on clusters, data
aggregation, duty-cycling until data-driven approaches to data that can be used to
improve energy efficiency


Firstly,extendes some propertises of semi-E-convex functions and gives some new propertises.In the same time,further discusses E-quasi-convex function and gives some new results.Meanwhile,proves these propertises and results.


The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) has been investing in international forestry research since 1982, predominantly in the Asia-Pacific region. ACIAR facilitates research by Australian organisations in partnership with developing country organisations to build scientific capacity and enhance the contribution made by sustainable forestry to livelihoods and economic development in partner countries.


The GaN-based critical conduction mode (CRM) totem-pole power factor correction (PFC) converter with full-line-cycle zero voltage switching (ZVS) is a promising candidate for high-efficiency front-end rectifiers. However, the input current can be degraded by line-cycle current distortion and ac line zero-crossing current spikes, and maintaining reliable ZVS control is difficult in noise-susceptible high-frequency environments. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the current distortion issues in a GaN-based CRM totem-pole PFC with digital ZVS control is provided, and effective approaches are proposed to mitigate different kinds of current distortion and ensure stable ZVS control under high-frequency operation. The proposed solutions have the advantages of straightforward implementation and do not increase the control complexity. The current distortion issues are demonstrated in two GaN-based CRM totem-pole PFC prototypes, a 1.5 kW PFC for data centers and a 100 W PFC in a 6.78 MHz wireless charging power supply for consumer electronics. The proposed methods are experimentally verified with effective mitigation of the current distortion and improvement of the converter power efficiency.


Abstract This paper, based on the Second Lakhtin Memorial Lecture, gives an overview of the developments in the process control of gas nitriding and describes the current status of nitriding of non-ferrous alloys. Control of the nitriding process involves both thermodynamic and kinetic factors. On this basis, Lakhtin developed concepts that provide the foundations for controlled gas nitriding processes. The progress in the development of sensors in the last few years offers new possibilities for gas nitriding and nitrocarburising process control. The control of the reaction gas composition leads to higher quality assurance. Adjusting defined nitriding and oxidation potentials enables surface activation of components which allows, for example, a uniform nitriding of stainless steels at temperatures of 300°C. There are significant differences between the nitriding behaviour of aluminium, titanium, and iron alloys owing to the different solubilities of nitrogen in the base metal, the differences between the nitriding and solidus temperatures, and the different oxygen affinities of the base metals. Considerable progress has been made in the field of plasma nitriding of aluminium alloys in recent years. An essential part of this is the evidence that commercial plants can be used for the plasma nitriding of aluminium alloys. New possibilities for the production of load specific nitrided layers on titanium alloys allow the nitriding process to be intensified and combined with solution treatment and subsequent aging.


We present new narrow band images of NGC 4151, taken in excellent seeing conditions with the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope on La Palma. These reveal a wealth of detail that can be used to test models for the anisotropy of the narrow-line region.


Coffee arabica species have already been affected by climate change, with economic and social implications. Small-holder farmers have faced and will continue to face significant challenges in sustaining the production of their coffee plants. This study aimed to determine the optimal bio-climatic factors for coffee production in current and future climate change scenarios by simulating coffee distribution's responses to nine selective bio-climatic factors under the scenarios of moderate representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5) and worst representative concentration pathway (RCP8.5). The Maxent model was used to simulate the distribution of C. arabica. Multiple regression models (path and response optimizers) were used to parameterize and optimize the logistic outputs from the Maxent model. Results showed that climatic factors such as total precipitation, precipitation seasonality, and mean temperature are the most important climatic factors in influencing C. arabica farming. Under the current condition, total precipitation significantly benefits C. arabica whereas precipitation seasonality significantly affects it (P < 0.001). The annual mean temperature has neither benefited nor affected it. Under the RCP4.5, C. arabica would positively react to the rising annual mean temperature and total precipitation but adversely react to the rising precipitation seasonality. For current, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, the average five top-optimal multiple responses of C. arabica were 75.8, 77, and 70%, respectively. Under RCP8.5, the maximum optimal response of the plant will be an annual temperature of 23.77°C, total precipitation of 1806 mm, and 77% precipitation seasonality. In comparison to the current and RCP8.5 climatic scenarios, the distribution responses of C. arabica to the climatic factors would be significantly greater in the RCP4.5 scenario (P > 0.001). As precipitation and temperature-related variables increase, the cultivation of C. arabica will increase by 1.2% under RCP4.5 but decrease by 5.6% under RCP8.5. A limited number of models and environmental factors were used in this study, suggesting that intensive research into other environmental aspects is needed using different models.


This Manufacturing Technology for Propulsion Program developed a process to produce a composite intermediate case for advanced gas turbine engines. The method selected to manufacture this large, complex part uses hard tooling for surfaces in the airflow path and trapped rubber to force the composite against the mold. Subelements were manufactured and tested to verify the selected design, tools and processes. The most significant subelement produced was a half-scale version of a composite intermediate case. The half-scale subelement maintained the geometry and key dimensions of the full-scale case, allowing relevant process development and structural verification testing to be performed on the subelement before manufacturing the first full-scale case.


Darwin is coming up somewhere ahead, in the dark. Thirty hours semicircling Earth to get here, in which time the moon has turned the right way up and summer has passed into winter. I check the internal landscape for signs of the physical happiness that, in the past, has accompanied the approach to my homeland, but there is nothing. Good. That is partly what this trip is for-to lay to rest the ghost of Australia and to pay my respects to an old man who died before I could say goodbye. The porthole cover snaps up, and there, framed to perfection, is the Southern Cross. Happiness punches me right in the sternum. The coastline creeps towards us, a line of darker darkness. There should be waves thundering on cliffs to overture such a landmass. But the sea is quiet, and the forest slips into it modestly. Did the first arrivals come across a quiet sea at night, not knowing whether that darkness ahead marked an island as small as the one they left behind, or another world? It is now generally agreed that the first human footprint appeared on terra Australis fifty thousand years ago, give or take several millennia. However, in Aboriginal belief, the ancestors were-and are-eternally present, and given that poetic and scientific truths need not be mutually exclusive, I have no trouble accepting both views. South of Darwin, the forest begins balding. Sand ridges form, like veins under the skin of an old woman's hand. I'm gazing down at ancient skin... or canvas, covered in dots and feathery rhapsodic layers of polymer, an Aboriginal, Western-desert painting of the kind that now fetches big money in international art markets. Nearly thirty years ago, I experienced a period of intense solitude in that landscape, a time that was to transform my life in ways I could never have predicted. I had arrived in Alice Springs, a frontier town in the dead centre of the continent, with nothing but a peculiar idea and the arrogant stubbornness of youth. The peculiar idea was to get myself some wild camels from the bush, train them to carry my gear, and then wander around the desert with them. I had no particular affection for camels but couldn't afford a four-wheel-drive. Besides, I wanted to walk my country, experience it at the pace that existed before mechanical speed violated our perception of time's relation to space. Most of all, I wanted to learn something


Over the past two years, COVID-19 has spread over 200 countries, leading to pandemic proportions. Still, the virus is rapidly changing, the variants spreading through direct and indirect contact in places irrespective of the vaccine distribution. Many infectious diseases spread through droplets, and micro-droplets require face masks and other social distancing measures. This article proposed for pandemic circumstances called real-time face mask with health screening (RTFMHS) with two screening methods: (i) Internet of Things (IoT) node monitors a real-time intelligent face mask detection using multi-level high-speed augmented convolution neural network (MLHS-CNN), (ii) Individuals health indicators such as non-contact body temper-ature sensor and blood oxygen saturation are sending to fog cloud to manipulate and display the user health status. A face mask detection technique based on MLHS-CNN is proposed to determine whether a person is wearing a mask properly. User health is computed in real-time by an RNN running on the fog server to estimate the risk of infection spreading. The proposed method uses a lightweight IoT node and fog-based Deep Learning (DL) tools for data analysis and diagnosis. The experimental results outperformed previous research in terms of detection accuracy, precision, recall, and time complexity.


A comparison of X-ray and chemical analyses of phosphorus and sulfur standards of KH2PO4- and (NH4)2SO4-cellulose was performed to determine the range of applicability of a numerical matrix correction technique. Over the range 0.1 — 1.0%, the X-ray technique was accurate to within 8% for phosphorus and 17% for sulfur. At 0.03%, the X-ray values are low by 17% or more. At 3.0% and 10.0%, particle size effects caused the values to be low by more than 17%. X-ray analysis of pure sulfur and (NH4)2SO4 was accurate to within 13% and indicates the validity of the mathematical technique. Application was made to the analysis of wheat and standard reference plant materials.


The TERM, "PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT REASON" (hereafter, PSR) was coined by Leibniz, and he is often regarded as its paradigmatic proponent. But as Leibniz himself often insisted, he was by no means the first philosopher to appeal to the idea that everything must have a reason. (1) Histories of the principle attribute versions of it to various ancient authors. (2) A few of these studies include, or at least do not exclude, medieval philosophers; one finds the PSR in Abelard, another finds it in Aquinas. (3) And while Leibniz retains pride of place in these histories, Spinoza is sometimes said to precede him "in appreciating the importance of the Principle and placing it at the center of his philosophical system." (4) In this paper, I shall argue that the same should be said of the Islamic philosopher Avicenna. Writing six hundred years before his early modern counterparts, Avicenna routinely and consistently appeals to the PSR in generating his metaphysical system. The paper aims first to establish that Avicenna deserves a position of prominence in histories of the PSR ([section] 1), and then to consider how he addresses certain challenges to the PSR, especially the threat posed by necessitarianism ([section] 11). Some contemporary philosophers argue that the PSR entails necessitarianism and thus conflicts with the intuition that things could have been otherwise. (5) That the PSR entails necessitarianism is judged to count against the PSR. To consider Avicenna's response to this threat is important: it not only helps us understand the nature and extent of his commitment to the PSR but also helps us assess the PSR itself. I will argue that Avicenna disputes the veracity of the intuition that things could have been otherwise by showing that it may be rooted in ignorance of the determining causes of some events. I will also argue that Avicenna's modal ontology calls into question the view that the PSR entails necessitarianism. The paper's initial aim--namely, to establish that Avicenna deserves a position of prominence in histories of the PSR--is important for three reasons. The first of these is historical accuracy. The PSR is sometimes said to be "as old as philosophy." (6) It has played a supporting role in several major philosophical systems. Its truth, its implications, and its pemiciousness remain a subject of philosophical debate. An adequate history of philosophy requires an accurate history of the PSR. A second reason has to do with the relationship of the PSR to rationalism. Commitment to the PSR is considered a hallmark of rationalism. (7) And rationalism is closely associated with seventeenth-century European philosophers. Indeed, the thoroughgoing rationalism of Spinoza and Leibniz is sometimes thought to distinguish them from their predecessors, whether ancient or medieval. Avicenna, by contrast, is still too often deemed an "Eastern" or mystical philosopher. Showing that Avicenna no less than Spinoza and Leibniz places the PSR at the center of his philosophy may help establish that familiar but inaccurate divisions in the history of philosophy require revision. (8) A third reason has to do with the possibility of historical influence. My discussion of Avicenna's commitment to the PSR focuses primarily on its role in the Metaphysics of the Shifa', his philosophical magnum opus. This work offers the most detailed and sophisticated version of his metaphysical system. It was read in Arabic and in Hebrew by medieval Jewish philosophers, and it was translated into Latin in the twelfth century. Our knowledge of the reception of the Metaphysics of the Shifa' is not extensive, but it is already clear that its account of God and its theory of causation influenced diverse authors in both the Hebrew and Latin traditions, including Moses Maimonides, Thomas Aquinas, and John Duns Scotus. (9) While this paper will not attempt to demonstrate historical influence, readers of Spinoza and Leibniz will find some Avicennian doctrines discussed in the paper very familiar. …


In proposing this hypothetical binary of phonosophy, by combining sound (phonos) and wisdom (sophia), we aim to explore the potential of the term – and its aligned sophic. Skolimowski (1981) in his short original treatise called Eco-philosophy said that 'Logos is a very subtle and all-pervading form of praxis' (viii), which is how we imagine a life of phonosophy must be lived. In light of the effectiveness of wisdom being applied in the realm of Logos (philosophy), what would the effect of wisdom be when coupled with Phonos? Goethe indicated that 'poetry points to the riddles of nature and tries to solve them by means of the image. Philosophy directs itself to the riddles of reason and attempts to solve them by means of the word. Mysticism considers riddles of both nature and reason and seeks to solve them through both word and image' (as cited in Allen 1978). What 'riddles' do phonosophers attempt to solve? In the following articles, we explore the dynamics of a mutually informed organisation of sonic nature and sense via a practice of resonant sentience. The papers responding to this call come from different walks and countries: from China, Chile, North America, Australasia and the EU. At the time of our first call-for-papers On Phonosophy, people were in the habit of gathering physically to listen to music in groups taking the form of what were once called 'concerts' and 'dance parties'. However, at the time of the release of this issue, due to a pandemic, musicians and audiences only connect with each other from their homes over the internet. The world has gone through some significant changes over the time period of writing and reviewing these papers and we need to reflect more than ever now on how electronic and networked music go forth to get this world resonating again. We hope this issue can be a new sensible start down the long and wising sonic road ahead. The first paper, 'On Phonosophy' by Ken Fields, most directly addresses the theme and serves as a good first-shot introduction to phonosophy. What is discovered is that modernism is not, strictly speaking, a recent dynamic, but a long process of the becoming of Logos – albeit one that crosses a critical threshold and accelerates after the time of the Renaissance. However, the Logos does not exist in a pure deterministic state, free from the affect of a resonant sensorium, nor disconnected from an energetic temporal flux. Where we currently find ourselves in that Heraclitian stream seems rather crucial at this point in history, and thus requires some serious reflection on our field's approach to sonic automation, machinic mimicry and sonic communication. Jean Luc Nancy and Henri Bergson take centre stage in this article. Next, Hubert Gendron-Blais resonates on the music thinking process in the unfolding of his piece Résonances manifestes. Considered here is the profound epistemological shift from the perspective of power and the social to the deeper processes of lived experience. There is also the recognition of mutuality in the manifestation of sense and concept in the process of sonic thinking. This article looks at the inherent processes involved in the ecology of the sonic event itself, a process that is outlined with reference to Whitehead, Deleuze and Guattari, and Manning. Gendron-Blais's article signals a clear convergence and turning point in the field of electroacoustic music towards a conception of phonosophical inquiry. Adel-Jing Wang provides a view that has been sought over the last several decades in terms of a coherent epistemological bridge between East and West cultural practices in the field of artistic/ technological creation. What coheres is how Shanshuithought in experimental music practices in China and new phonosophical perspectives come together in this issue in such a seamless manner. From her abstract: 'Shanshui-thought cultivates an existential gesture of following rather than obeying or conquering; it requires tacit resonance rather than object knowing.' Wang introduces essential concepts from the Chinese scholarly and artistic tradition of Shanshui-thought, such as dan, you, yinyun and huwei tuotai that followers of Cage and Varese will directly relate to. In the light (or sounds) of contemporary Chinese and Western soundscape practices through the investigation of the ancient tradition of Chinese landscape painting, one will easily recognize emerging and complementary cultural seeds that most assuredly will flourish in the new space of the term phonosophy. Susan Frykberg dares address the elephant not in the room of academia: spirituality. She references a number of renowned composers in the context of electroacoustic music who do draw on spiritual or religious material in their work, but notes the very problematic aura that surround the words and this


The aim of this research are: (1) to find out the effectiveness (valid, practical, effective) developed of modules to improved of mathematical student's creative thinking ability through problem based learning model using autographs, and (2) to find out the improving of mathematical student's creative thinking ability toward of the developed modules through problem based learning model using autographs.
This research is the developmental research. The learning instruments developed are student module (MS), the implementation plan (RPP), teacher guide books (BPG) and test of mathematical student's creative thinking ability (TKBKMS). Modules and other learning instruments that were developed using a modified 3-D Thiagarajan et al,. The development process consists of three steps: defining, designing and development. Data were analyzed descriptively.
Modules and other learning instruments said to be good if after being validated and trials, which have qualify the criteria validity criteria of experts including a valid category, practicality criteria in terms of the ability of teachers to manage the learning of at least good enough, student responses to positive learning with good category, as well as the criteria of effectiveness in terms of learning outcomes students acquire 80% of students completed the classical style.


A new synthetic application of vinyl aziridines as N-containing three-atom components in a rhodium-catalyzed [4+3] cycloaddition reaction is described. The reaction proceeds well with various silyl dienol ethers and vinyl aziridines, and enables the efficient synthesis of highly functionalized azepines in an enantioselective manner with net inversion of absolute configuration. The salient features of the transformation include the use of readily available substrates, high selectivity, and mild reaction conditions, as well as the versatile functionalization of the products.


We continue our series of papers on the graph theoretic spectral theory of matrices. Let A be an M-matrix. We introduce the concepts of combinatorial vectors and proper combinatorial vectors in the generalized nullspace E(A) of A. We explore the properties of combinatorial bases for E(A) and Jordan bases for E(A) derived from proper combinatorial sets of vectors. We use properties of these bases to prove additional new conditions for the equality of the (spectral) height (or Weyr) characteristic and the (graph theoretic) level characteristic of A. We and DMS-also explore the role of the Hall Marriage Condition, well structured graphs and their anchored chain decompositions in the study of the equality of the two characteristics.


Main characteristic of ship recycling is the interdisciplinary nature of the engineering processes associated with it. These processes are multidimensional and have certain shortcomings, which make ship recycling a complex industry. The product design and life cycle stage management of naval fleet differ from that of merchant ships, still they also reach the same destination for dismantling. This demands implementation of new methodologies being implemented in merchant ship recycling, in naval ship recycling field as well. This paper presents two important ship recycling design and development tools, viz., Design for Ship Recycling and Recyclability Analysis which would add to the effectiveness of clean and safe recycling of naval fleet. Application of Design for Ship Recycling concept in naval ship design has been discussed. The concept of Recyclability Analysis of products and equipment with respect to ship recycling is presented as a guideline.


The invention discloses a cooking bench slide track of a motor home. The cooking bench slide track comprises a cooking bench body, a guide rail assembly and a slide rail assembly and is characterized in that the guide rail assembly comprises a stretching support which is fixed to the stretching ends of two parallel guide rails which are connected with each other through a cross beam and rolling bodies mounted on the stretching support through first vertical supporting shafts and first transverse supporting shafts respectively; and the sliding rail assembly comprises rolling bodies amounted on slide rails fixedly connected with the cooking bench body through second vertical supporting shafts and second transverse supporting shafts respectively; the slide rail are arranged on the inner sides of the guide rails; the rolling bodies on the first vertical supporting shafts press the inner side faces of the slide rail and the rolling bodies on the first transverse supporting shafts support the lower end face of the cooking bench body in a rolling manner; the rolling bodies on the second vertical supporting shafts are in rolling fit with vertical groove faces of guide grooves of the guide rails; and the rolling bodies on the second transverse supporting shafts are in rolling fit with horizontal groove faces of the guide grooves of the guide rails. According to the invention, the slide rails cannot move in the transverse direction and in the vertical direction; the rigidity of the slide rails and the guide rails is good; the bearing force of the rolling bodies is good; and the service life of the cooking bench slide track is long.


This paper deals with the design of thermoacoustic refrigerators using linear thermoacoustic theory. The refrigerator components are designed at 3% drive ratio by considering the practical limitations of providing sufficient spacing for attaching the loudspeaker to the resonator tube and accommodating instrumentation. The effects of spiral stack spacing in terms of thermal penetration depth on the theoretical performance of refrigerator using helium and air as working substances are discussed. The quarter-wavelength resonator designs with taper and divergent section terminated with hemispherical end are optimized with helium and air for better performance. Theoretical results are validated with DeltaEC software results and are in agreement with each other. Helium shows better performance compared to air but lacks power density. The DeltaEC predicts COP 0.514 at the cold heat exchanger temperature of [Formula: see text]C with helium compared to air (COP 0.616 at [Formula: see text]C) for the 50[Formula: see text]W cooling power 100[Formula: see text]mm diameter quarter-wavelength resonator designs.


The normal electric field structure of a supercritical (Mms = 5.2), quasiperpendicular (θBn = 70°) collisionless shock is examined using Cluster four‐spacecraft observations of the terrestrial bow shock. Comparing the observed electric field with magnetic field and plasma observations, two different techniques find that the J × B/ne term in the generalized Ohm's law accounts for a majority of the large‐scale normal electric field and potential drop encountered by the ions ‐ the solar wind ion deceleration is in good empirical agreement with the observed potential drop, confirming earlier work. Large amplitude electric field fluctuations on shorter timescales, corresponding to fine scale structure, are not observed to contribute to the ion energization.


Sarcotheca celebica is a tree endemic lo Sulawesi (and Kabaena Island). Kike many species in the Oxalidaceae it is heterostylous (here distylous). The small red flowers, which last less than one day, are produced in loose inflorescences which bloom over a long flowering season (several months). There are two whorls of stamens in each plant, which overlap in length, perhaps indicating a tristylous origin. Long–styled and short–styled plants differed in the measurements of stamens, styles and pollen grains. Only a small amount of pollen was produced by long–styled plants. Effective insect pollinators were mainly large Hymenoptcra, especially Xylocopa species, which visited many flowers and different trees in rapid succession. A wide diversity of insects visited flowers of both morphs, and numbers visiting each morph were approximately equal. The only successful experimental pollinations were from pollen of short–styled plants onto stigmas of long–styled plants. Automatic self–pollination did not occur. In nature not all flowers produced fruit, some fruits were set with no seeds and a low number of seeds was set in all fruits. The differences in seed set per fruit between short–styled, long–styled and experimental crosses indicate that pollinator visits were insufficient for maximum seed set in some fruits, but selective abortion of seeds must also be occurring. We suggest that S. celebica may represent an intermediate stage in the evolution of dioecy from distyly, with the short–styled flowers making their major genetic contribution through pollen and long–styled flowers through ovules.


Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of two diffirent kinds of surgery:traditional dacryocystorhinostomy through skin cut and dacryocystorhinostomy by endoscope.Methods 23 patients with chronic dacryocystitis were randomly divided into two groups.The group A contains 12 eyes of 11 patients who accept traditional dacryocystorhinostomy and group B contains 13 eyes of 12 patients who accept dacryocystorhinostomy by endoscope.Results There were 11 eyes cured(91.67%) in group A,and 13 eyes cured(100%) in group B.Conclusion It is obvious that dacryocystorhinostomy by endoscope is a better method.

Key words:
Dacryocystorhinostomy; Method,surgery


A light-generating body for emitting light of homogeneous intensity and color, having at least one organic light-emitting diode (22) that emits in a planar fashion in a first region of the spectrum, at least one non-organic light emitting diode (10,14) that emits in a conical shape in a second region of the spectrum, and an arrangement for mixing the light emitted by all the light-emitting diodes that includes a diffuser surface.


Heavy metal migration from sludge incineration become a great environmental concern.The research achivements in heavy metal migration during the incineration of sludge were reviewed,including the effects of operating condition,water,sulfur and chlorine on the heavy metals migration,and the analysis of heavy metal emission control was carried out form two angles from the view point of promotion and abatement.


With the possibility of performing radiation life science experiments on a dedicated satellite (LifeSat) in space, a combined effort in radiation physics and radiation dosimetry, in addition to radiation biology, is clearly required to ensure that meaningful biological experiments can be performed. To better understand the relationship of these disciplines, some possible LifeSat missions are examined. As a trial biological system, tumorigenesis is considered in the Harderian gland of mice, a system of sufficient radiosensitivity for which relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is well defined by laboratory experiments.


The approaches to the skeletal component of malocclusion and the timing of treatment are reviewed based on changing concepts in craniofacial growth and evidence-based results from clinical trials and meta-analysis. Timing of treatment has traditionally been considered "early" versus "late mixed" or "preadolescent dentition." The rationales are based on modification of growth during the greatest somatic and facial growth period or the option of camouflage and orthognathic surgery depending on the severity of the malocclusion. To illustrate controversies in the timing of treatment a retrospective study is reported with data from three approaches: (1) growth modification, (2) camouflage, and (3) orthognathic surgery in Class II skeletal correction. Inclusion criteria for all 3 groups included overjet of 6 mm or greater and Class II molar relationships. Results demonstrated positive skeletal changes for the growth modification group and orthognathic surgery group. Upper incisor retraction was common in all treatment groups, but compensation in the camouflage group resulted in the upper incisors being in a significantly retrusive position. Growth modification treatment resulted in lower incisor compensation. In the orthognathic surgery group, upper incisor retraction occurred pre and post surgery and lower incisor decompensation occurred post surgery. For all treatments incisor axial inclination changes and bodily movement played an important part in treatment outcome. The timing of treatment interventions was influenced by the severity of the malocclusion and the age and maturation of the patient at the time the patient presented for treatment.


Copy of transcript for a letter from Juan L. Valesgaes de Leon to the Secretaries Office of War and Marine discussing battalions.


Background Increasing numbers of adults with an intellectual disability are being cared for at home by ageing parents. The purpose of this study was to determine whether carer resources (i.e. social support and formal service use) and carer appraisals of ageing and stress/ burden mediate the relationships between (1) maladaptive behaviour and carer depression; (2) carer health and carer depression; (3) maladaptive behaviour and carer quality of life; and (4) carer health and carer quality of life. Methods Eighty parents over the age of 50 were interviewed using a number of measures concerning their overall health, perceptions of ageing and stress, depression, and their child's maladaptive behaviour. Results Carer perceptions of ageing and stress emerged as significant mediators of the relationship between carer health and depression. In addition, perceived carer stress emerged as a significant mediator of the relationship between maladaptive behaviour and carer depression. Resources and appraisals did not emerge as significant mediators in analyses using quality of life as a positive outcome. Conclusions Results highlight the important contributions of appraisals to well-being and raise questions for future research regarding the role of resources such as informal and formal support in the coping process.


Television plays an important role in teaching as well as in research of two departments at Saarland University: the Romance language department and the department of information sciences. Thus, the two department have developed a joint "University television project", historically the very first in Germany that broadcasts regularly in the context of a television station that covers an entire federal state within Germany. This paper presents the history, the goals and the types of emissions we broadcast. We have different approaches: one is the production of students that for example try to improve their intercultural and their language skills and deals with how to present information the most succesful way possible. The experiences inside and outside of the university are described.


The growth of web Applications have increased rapidly due to the huge development of technology with very short turnaround time and with this development the protection from vulnerabilities became very difficult. There is a continuous demand for developing new methods that is able to prevent the fast growth of attacking methods and vulnerabilities. Furthermore there is a great demand to have coordination between different security infrastructure and protection applications to distribution of the attack log in order to prevent the attacker from further attacks to other web hosts. This research proposes a distributed web firewall defensive mechanism which provide a synchronized environment that is consists of several synchronized web application firewalls. Every web application is protected by a web application firewall that send feedback reports that include the type of the attack, The IP Address of the attacker and time of attack to other synchronized firewalls inside the environment to take action against the attacker.


PURPOSE
Injection of botulinum toxin type A into eye muscles leads to a temporary paralysis and the effects have been evaluated in strabismus or nystagmus.

METHOD
A total of 112 patients with different types of concomitant and paralytic strabismus and acquired nystagmus were treated with botulinum toxin, according to well-established indications.

RESULTS
The lasting effects of the injections on strabismic angle were largest in esotropia, consecutive exotropia and abducens palsy, and amounted to, on an average, 12 prism diopters or 6 degrees. The larger the strabismus the better was the effect. Repeated injections reduced the angle further. In complex nystagmus forms retrobulbar injections could be used. The side effects were mostly due to spread of botulinum toxin to the levator, producing ptosis (8%), or the inferior rectus muscle, causing vertical strabismus (10%). On an average 42% of the patients were later operated for strabismus and nystagmus.

CONCLUSION
Injection of botulinum toxin A into eye muscles is a valuable adjunct to surgery in the treatment of strabismus and nystagmus.


In this work, polysulfone (PSU) membranes were prepared with 1.0%, 3.0%, and 5.0% by weight of titanium dioxide (TiO2). The membranes were analyzed by viscosity, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water vapor permeation, contact angle (CA), flow measurements (FM), and yield. Through XRD and FTIR, the PSU membranes and their hybrids showed peaks and bands characteristic of PSU and TiO2 structure. By SEM and viscosity, it was observed that the addition of TiO2 promoted the formation of agglomerates on its surface, in addition to increasing the viscosities and thickness of these membranes. Through the CA and of water vapor permeation, it was found that the PSU membrane had the higher angle value and the smallest vapor permeation, probably because it presents a smooth filter skin with few pores and low interconnectivity of these with the porous layer. The separation tests indicated a decrease in flow, due to the fouling formed on the membranes surface and a significant reduction of dye in permeate, allowing the treatment of this contaminant. Furthermore, TiO2 for being a hydrophilic material and for acting as a porogenic agent, facilitated the passage of water, favoring the dye separation by hybrid membranes.


1. Asakawa Y, Toyota M, Ishida T: 1988, Biotransformation of 1,4cineole, a monoterpene ether. Xenobiotica 18:1129–1134. 2. Carson CF, Riley TV: 1993, Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. Lett Appl Microbiol 16:49–55. 3. Carson CF, Riley TV: 1995, Toxicity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia or tea tree oil. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 33:193– 194. 4. Del Beccaro MA: 1995, Melaleuca oil poisoning in a 17-monthold. Vet Hum Toxicol 37:557–558. 5. Elliott C: 1993, Tea tree oil poisoning. Med J Aust 159:830– 831. 6. Jacobs MR, Hornfeldt CS: 1994, Melaleuca oil poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 32:461–464. 7. Nicholson SS: 1995, Toxicity of insecticides and skin care products of botanical origin. Vet Dermatol 6:139–142. 8. Seawright A: 1993, Comments on tea tree oil poisoning. Med J Aust 159:831. 9. Villar D, Knight MJ, Hansen SR, Buck WB: 1994, Toxicity of Melaleuca oil and related essential oils applied topically on dogs and cats. Vet Hum Toxicol 36:139–142.


A method and apparatus for cutting tooth tissue by generating laser radiation at a wavelength which is absorbed more strongly by hydroxyapatite than by water; producing a succession of pulses of the generated radiation with an energy level, pulse duration, and repe tition rate selected to cut the tooth tissue without caus ing harmful side effects; and concentrating the radiation pulses on the tissue to a spot sufficiently small to cause cutting of the tissue.


Objective of the study is in vitro investigation of mutual relations between Citellophilus tesquorum altaicus and Yersinia pestis with various plasmid composition: influence of the strain on flea alimentary activity and mortality rate, frequency and dynamics of biofilm formation. Materials and methods . C. tesquorum altaicus were infected by three Yersinia pestis strains: virulent triple-plasmid I-3230 isolated in Mongolia, referential for the Tuva focus I-2638 carrying four plasmids (pYT, pYV, pYP, pTP 33) and also selected from it avirulent isogenic clone I-3480 that lost two plasmids (pYV, pYP). Peculiarities of interaction between fleas and Y. pestis strains were estimated through the lens of specimens with «conglomerates» and "blocks" for feeding, the period from infection prior to the beginning of conglomerates' formation, alimentary activity, and mortality rate of the infected fleas. Results and conclusions . It was revealed that alimentary activity of the infected insects was higher than that of the control group, and the highest – in fleas infected with I-2638 strain. Greater numbers of dead fleas at feeding was noted in specimens inoculated with I-3230 strain. Predominant significance of I-2638 strain was established in C. tesquorum altaicus biofilm formation both as «conglomerates» and "blocks". I-3480 strain also formed the conglomerates in fleas more actively than I-3230 lacking pTP33 plasmid. Thus, four-plasmid I-2638 strain surpassed triple-plasmid I-3230 and two-plasmid I-3480 strains in reference to all tested indicators except flea mortality rates. It may testify to co-adaptation of Y. pestis and C. tesquorum altaicus from the Tuva plague focus and to the possibility of a pTP33 functional role in enhancement of a biofilm formation in vivo.


Femoral shaft fractures are usually the result of high energy trauma and are often associated with poly-trauma. Inappropriate treatment results in prolonged morbidity and disability. The treatment of choice for fixation is an interlocking intramedullary nail inserted by closed technique. This study reviewed the perioperative difficulties associated with late nailing of femoral fractures at a busy trauma unit.Thirty four consecutive femoral nails were reviewed retrospectively. Delay to surgery, operative time and peri-operative morbidity was assessed. There were 27 males and 7 females. The average age was 30.5 years. Eleven patients were referred from a peripheral hospital. Motor vehicle collisions accounted for 22 fractures, and gun shot wounds for 7. There were 29 mid shaft injuries, 2 subtrochanteric and 3 distal femurs (Retrograde nails). Preoperative immobilization was by Thomas splint or skin traction. Six operations were done by a consultant, 17 by a senior registrar and 10 by a junior registrar.The...