The images in poems connote the thoughts,feelings and aesthetic taste of poets.The poetic line of "spring breeze never sweeps beyond the Gate Yumen" by Wang Zhi-huan the Tang Poet is characterized by hidden bitterness and sentiment,and thus has been chanted for ages.But the images of "spring breeze and Gate Yumen " in Qing Dynasty poems are quite contrary.The poets in Qing Dynasty sang of spring breeze sweeping beyond Gate Yumen instead.The optimism and lofty sentiments are based on reality,reflecting the time characteristics of the distress-free elements in Qing Dynasty's poems about military reclamation and defending the frontier.


The sponsors of the workshop draw attention to the important role which the circulation of scientific knowledge and the dissemination of new technologies have played in defining pathways of social and economic development since the eighteenth century. However, the international dimension of the story of growth has received less emphasis than it deserves in Swiss historiography. This, despite the fact that Switzerland did not begin to cross the threshold of self-sustaining innovation in the technological domain until some point in the second half of the nineteenth century. In this respect the country resembled other small European states such as Denmark-Norway as depicted by Dan Christensen. Its route to modernity necessarily passed by way of the big knowledge and 'know how' -generating economies of Britain and France. We may question whether Switzerland began from as modest a base as the kingdom of Denmark-Norway, for the Republic of Geneva was already in the eighteenth century a significant site of natural knowledge production and dissemination in Europe. We may question, too, a model which posits that technology transfer was essentially a unidirectional phenomenon before c. 1880; in other words a largely invisible export from Britain to the rest of Europe. Such a model owes much to the vision of 'the first industrial nation' cherished by economic historians of the 1970s which, with the benefit of hindsight, has burdened the debate about economic development with a simplistic


In this letter, we developed an original innovative wiping-rubbing method to fabricate flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs) based on graphene nanosheets. We achieved this by using only commercial graphite block and polycarbonate film as raw materials, through a cost effective and ultrafast room temperature wiping-rubbing process (within 2 min). The properties of our flexible TCFs were competitive when comparing with literature reported graphene TCFs. Our flexible TCFs showed enough surface stability under a series of surface destructive treatments. The physical mechanism aspects of wiping-rubbing processes and surface stability were discussed.


We validate eleven syntaxa (eight associations and three alliances) of tall-forb vegetation that were published earlier as nomina provisoria according to the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. The validation concerns syntaxa of tall-forb vegetation of the class Prangetea ulopterae Klein 1987 reported from Pamir-Alai and western Tian Shan Mountains (Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan).
 Taxonomic reference: Cherepanov (1995).
 Abbreviations: ICPN = International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature.


The idea for moving the Gemini Multi-conjugate adaptive optics System (GeMS) from Gemini South (GS) in Chile to Gemini North (GN) in Hawaii has been proposed to revitalize the aging AO instrument at GN and to overcome a reduction of GeMS operation in the era of the LSST follow-up. To implement the system in the fastest way with enough operational and performance benefits, the GeMS subsystems should be moved in their current design allowing noninvasive modifications. For better system performance and stability, the relocation study proposes an upgrade of the LGS beam injector module and the BTO to combine two sodium lasers. The reconjugation of the high-altitude DM at 10.6 km can help to maintain the current level of AO performance. Relocating GeMS from Chile to Hawaii with the conservation of AO performance as a strict requirement is technically feasible in approximately 3 years taking into account the previous considerations.


An automated feeding system for flash evaporation of powder in high vacuum has been developed. It is controlled by the system pressure and gives a nearly constant mean evaporation rate. The device is tested by evaporating ceramic powder (BaTiO3) with a base pressure of 2×10−4 Pa and a peak pressure of 1.4×10−3 Pa.


Kochen-Specker (KS) sets are key tools for proving some fundamental results in quantum theory and also have potential applications in quantum information processing. However, so far, their intrinsic complexity has prevented experimentalists from using them for any application. The KS set requiring the smallest number of contexts has been recently found. Relying on this simple KS set, here we report an input state-independent experimental technique to certify whether a set of measurements is actually accessing a preestablished quantum six-dimensional space encoded in the transverse momentum of single photons.


––– Twinning shadows or a horror show. One shred backlit to make a doublet of its inside. Looped up at the snags, they show the line of an arm. Off right, a long thatch of gloss pressed down like a slow drawn breath. Sometimes value clags in the bits that hold gesture: the body's form or the action's afterimage, chemtrail, backwash, finger mark, map key. Two or more is a racket and a suspicion, the endless labour of appearance and the insistence of the fresh on top.


In this work we introduce and analyse a new multiscale method for strongly nonlinear monotone equations in the spirit of the localized orthogonal decomposition. A problem-adapted multiscale space is constructed by solving linear local fine-scale problems, which is then used in a generalized finite element method. The linearity of the fine-scale problems allows their localization and, moreover, makes the method very efficient to use. The new method gives optimal a priori error estimates up to linearization errors. The results neither require structural assumptions on the coefficient such as periodicity or scale separation nor higher regularity of the solution. The effect of different linearization strategies is discussed in theory and practice. Several numerical examples including the stationary Richards equation confirm the theory and underline the applicability of the method.


Production inventory model of a breakable item, i.e., item made of glass, ceramic, etc. is developed where, above a certain stock level breakability increases with time and stock level. Demand of the item is stock and selling price dependent. Production process is not 100% perfect, i.e., not all produced units are of perfect quality. Defective units are sold at a reduced price. Duration of demand of the item in the market is assumed as stochastic in nature and follows normal distribution with a known mean and standard deviation. Here, the unit production cost depends on production rate and is derived from the particular production function under which it is being produced. Here selling price, reliability of production process, set-up cost and duration of each cycle are decision variables. Model is illustrated with numerical data and some sensitivity analyses have been presented.


Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa subsp. nilotica) is an important commercial tree for domestic oil and industrial products of cosmetics, chocolate and other confectionaries traded grown worldwide. We studied seed morphometric characteristics and crude oil content of Shea nuts in Uganda. Five populations, comprising of 16 ethnovarieties, were selected from Eastern, Northern and West Nile Sub-regions of Uganda, based on their attributes as judged by the farmers. Fresh kernel weight ranged from 2 to 18.85 mg per seed. Kernel weight increased with Shea fruit weight (y = 0.1499x + 6.1887, R² = 0.306). Moyo district had the highest oil content (54.37 ± 0.32%); while Amuru district had the lowest oil content (50.5 ± 1.32%). Oil content decreased with increasing kernel size (y = -0.4541x + 57.303, R² = 0.2116) and dry matter content (y = 0.635x - 9.863, R²= 0.011); and varied between ethnovarieties and Shea tree populations, p = 0.003 and P< 0.001, respectively. Tinny seeded (45.7 - 65.49%), Round fruited (45.41 - 65.91%), Dwarf tree (45.19 - 64.19%), Elliptical fruited (45.32 - 64.19%) and Soft pulped (42.16 - 69.77%) ethnovarieties had the highest oil content. Narrow sense heritability (h2) for oil yield was 1.72; while response to selection (R) was 16.48 with genetic gain (Gs) of 2.21%, given 10% top selection intensity.


Palynological investigations were carried out from the sediments of Bhuban Formation, Amarpur area, located on the southern part of Tripura. The assemblage consists of a large number of marker pollen/spores of Miocene age, comprising pteridophytic spores, angiosperm and gymnosperm pollen and fungal remains. Besides these, an abundance of reworked Permian palynomorphs of Gondwanan affinity have been recorded which include Acanthotriletes, Jayantisporites, Barakarites, Parasaccites, Plicatipollenites, Densipollenites, Scheuringipollenites, Faunipollenites, Alisporites, Primuspollenites, Klausipollenites, etc. The recovered palynoassemblage is dominated by Parasaccites and subdominated by Plicatipollenites. From bottom to top, the monosaccates appear to decline and the striate and non–striate disaccates become dominant. The Gondwana sediments were eroded, transported and redeposited within the Miocene sediments in a shallow sea adjacent to a densely vegetated land mass. The implications of the reworked Permian palynofossils in the Miocene sediments of Tripura has been discussed.


The paper reviews the use of Cement Deep Soil Mixing CDSM for solidification and stabilization of contaminated sediments and describes the shear strength behavior of solidified soft estuarine sediments from Newark Bay, near the mouth of the Passaic River, New Jersey. The objective of the study was to evaluate the shear strength gain with time for samples of solidified soft sediments following Cement Deep Soil Mixing (CDSM). An understanding of shear strength gain with time helps to determine the feasibility of conventional dredging/extraction methods once the sediments have been stabilized and allowed to cure. The results of the study show CDSM slurry mixtures, as low as 7% in cement content, result in significant solidification and strength gain of in-situ sediments under ambient conditions. Although the strength gain was significant, it was not so high that sediment dredging would become problematic or would require unconventional dredging equipment


Abstract: Smart home automation system enables us to control over home appliances using smart phones. This project is created on an Arduino board with android software and a Bluetooth module (HC-05). In the context of a smart home environment that emphasises interoperability, reliability, integration of smart homes and privacy in context. Bluetooth is used for physically disabled people allowing them to remotely control home appliances like lighting, heating systems, and security measures using a smartphone


The invention relates to a self-adaptive threshold-based energy-saving scheduling method in an environment of supporting a heterogeneous distributed system, belonging to the technical field of parallel task scheduling of the heterogeneous distributed system. The method provided by the invention specifically comprises the steps of: reading a parallel task directed acyclic graph (DAG) file; obtaining an initial task scheduling sequence; obtaining an optimal threshold: dynamically obtaining an optimal threshold according to parallel task and system environment; grouping the tasks: controlling task duplication by using the optimal threshold, namely, selectively duplicating optimal precursors of the tasks to balance system performance and energy consumption to obtain approximate optimal grouping; mapping the tasks: scheduling all groups into a processor, wherein the processor is not distributed and has minimum energy consumption; and regulating the voltage of the processor: dynamically regulating the voltage of the processor by using a task idle time to reduce the energy consumption of the processor. According to the invention, requirements on system performance and energy consumption are comprehensively considered. The optical threshold in the method can self-adapt the parallel tasks and the system environment, and is used for controlling the task duplication for balancing the system performance and the energy consumption, so that the energy consumption is reduced as far as possible under the premise that the final scheduling result meets the requirement of the system performance.


Generally, companies have access to labor-produced goods that are typically employed for more production. Investing is the term used to describe the creation of capital. Investments are by nature an original expenditure that yields returns over time. The notion of personal capital states that individuals may expand their prospects by spending in oneself, and governments can raise national income by supporting the development. The major justification for making such investment is that the cash may be repaid via better production and earnings, making them justified. Numerous kinds of human capital exist. Generally speaking, discovered knowledge, skills, and even data may be seen as a kind of human resources that helps a person to boost production and profit. In this research, a machine learning model was suggested for the management and tracking of human resources. The economic benefits of spending money on human capital may be shown clearly and completely by looking at the rate at which the investment returns. The main issue is figuring out how investment in human capital will affect the economy. Numerous empirical studies demonstrate that returns on investments in capital equipment are similar, however returns on investments in human capital might vary depending on the sort of capital invested.


An atomic snapshot object is an object that can be concurrently accessed by n asynchronous processes prone to crash. It is made of m components (base atomic registers) and is defined by two operations: an update operation that allows a process to atomically assign a new value to a component and a snapshot operation that atomically reads and returns the values of all the components. To cope with the net effect of concurrency, a synchrony and failures, the algorithm implementing the update operation has to help concurrent snapshot operations in order they can always terminate. This paper presents a new and particularly simple construction of a snapshot object. This construction relies on a new principle, that we call "write first, help later'' strategy. This strategy directs an update operation first to write its value and only then computes an helping snapshot value that can be used by a snapshot operation in order to terminate. Interestingly, not only the algorithms implementing the snapshot and update operations are simple and have easy proofs, but they are also efficient in terms of the number of accesses to the underlying atomic registers shared by the processes. An operation costs O(m) in the best case and O(n\times m) in the worst case.


Falls are one of the major problems for elderly people and proprioceptive exercises have been suggested as an alternative in rehabilitation and preventive programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercise program on balance, knee extension and flexion isometric torque, and knee extension rate of force development (RFD). Fourteen older faller subjects (>60 years) were equally assigned into two groups: a control group (CG: ) and a training group (TG: ). The PNF training program was performed for 10 weeks on TG, with a frequency of three times per week. Patients were assessed before and after the PNF program, with respect to balance (Berg Balance Scale score—BBS), knee maximal isometric extension and flexion torque, knee extensor RFD, and knee extensors and flexors neuromuscular activation level and coactivation level around the knee. After 10 weeks, balance () and knee extension torque () were improved in TG while no differences were found for CG. These improvements were mainly attributed to central nervous system adaptations, since no differences were found for neuromuscular activation level and coactivation.


This paper studies on the application about a new type BLAST——Random Layered Space-Time(RLST) which presents in this article used in the TD-LTE system.After the comparison on the result of theory and the simulation,it compares the performance of the RLST with the general V-BLAST in the CDMA structure,and at the same time it compares the performance of the receiver which is using the RLST in the different channels.At last,it proves the superiority of using RLST and the exactness of the turbo multiuser receiving algorithm which is basing on the RLST by the theory comparison and the simulation.


In this paper, we propose to analyze the performances of the Multiple pulse Cell Averaging based on Lookup Tables detector (M-pulse CA-LT), considering range spread targets embedded in Non Gaussian clutter. Under the assumption of Weibull clutter samples with unknown parameters, we introduce the pulse-to-pulse Moments (MOM) estimation approach. The latter estimates the shape and the scale parameter from each pulse, and once the average of the resulting estimates is computed, the suitable threshold factor is selected. Expressions of the target total energy and the binary hypothesis test are also presented. Detection performances of the (M-pulse CA-LT) are examined under various conditions, namely, different couples of clutter parameters and numbers of integrated pulses considering a uniformly distributed target on the primary cells.


Abstract. The effect of lowering the foot on the factors governing fluid filtration in the foot were studied in 12 male insulin‐dependent diabetic subjects and 10 controls. Toe skin blood flow, measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, was significantly higher during dependency in the diabetic group. In the control subjects, the colloid osmotic pressure of venous blood sampled from the foot rose to 47·7 mmHg (range 45·1–53·8) after 50 min of foot dependency. In the diabetic group, colloid osmotic pressure failed to rise to the same extent (median 36·7 mmHg; range 28·6–43·0; P < 0·001). Capillary pressure, measured directly by the Landis microinjection technique, was significantly higher in the diabetic group (85·3±1·7 (n= 6) vs. 92·2±4·6 cm H2O (n= 6); P < 0·007), as was foot swelling rate determined by mercury strain gauge plethysmography (0·069±0·022 vs. 0·099±0·025 ml min‐1 100ml‐1; P < 0·02). These results suggest an impairment of the oedema‐preventing mechanisms in diabetic subjects which may contribute to the risks of ulceration in the diabetic foot.


Geochemical studies of the Pinavand Fluorite Mines indicates that fluorite has been deposited from a high salinity, typically low temperature and Mg-rich fluid in two stages: Based on geothermometrical data, at the first stage fluorites were formed at relatively high temperature (85-235Co) and accompanied by host rock replacement (in the form of epigenetic dolomitization). The second stage of fluorite mineralization has occurred at low temperature (65-115 oC) and has formed lodes and vein-likes along the breccia and fault zones. However, the salinity was relatively invariable (1523 wt% NaCl), suggesting salinity of fluorite-forming fluid was the same at all occurrences. By studying of REE patterns and regarding to some ratios of HREE to LREE, it could be observed that the first stage of fluorites was enriched in LREE revealing mineralization has occurred in early stage of crystallization .In contrast, the second stage of fluorites containing high proportion of HREE were deposited in the last stages of crystallization event. Based on the calculated (Yb/La), (Yb/Ca), (Tb/La) and (Tb/Ca) ratios, two mechanisms could be proposed: assimilation (replacement) for the first type fluorites and remobilization (rejuvinilization) for fluorites of the second stage.


With the increased interest in reducing air pollution, supply of natural gas for gas vehicles is increasing. Thus, the number of establishments of LNG and CNG stations is increasing as well. However, due to major gas accidents such as the fire and explosion accident of a Bucheon LPG station in 1998, it is difficult to establish a new station. In this research, we conducted qualitative hazard analysis fer LCNG/LNG multi-station by using the K-PSR method and proposed recommendations for hazard mitigation.


Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli(EHEC) O157∶H7 seriously endangers human health,and its prevalence has become a worldwide health problem.With the progress of molecular biology,additional techniques such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA have been used to study the molecular epidemiology of O157∶H7.This paper provides a brief review of this work.


Animportantproblemingasdynamicssimulationistopreventthecarbuncle, abreakdown of discrete shock profiles. We show that for high Froude number, this also occurs in shallow water simulations and give numerical evidence that all cures developed for gas dynamics should also work in shallow water flows.


We show that the ground-state energy for a Hamiltonian H_0 + ∫g(x) : ϕ^4(x) : dx (g∈L^1 ∩ L^2; g >~ 0; H_0 = free Hamiltonian for Bose particle of mass m in space-time of two dimensions) may be determined from the Feynman perturbation series by the method of Borel summability. This demonstrates that summability methods can be applicable to divergent series in systems with a continuous infinity of degrees of freedom.


This paper investigates a solution of the optimization problem concerning the construction of diameter-optimal regular networks (graphs). Regular networks are of practical interest as the graph-theoretical models of reliable communication networks of parallel supercomputer systems, as a basis of the structure in a model of small world in optical and neural networks. It presents a new class of parametrically described regular networks - hypercirculant networks (graphs). An approach that uses evolutionary algorithms for the automatic generation of parametric descriptions of optimal hypercirculant networks is developed. Synthesis of optimal hypercirculant networks is based on the optimal circulant networks with smaller degree of nodes. To construct optimal hypercirculant networks is used a template of circulant network from the known optimal families of circulant networks with desired number of nodes and with smaller degree of nodes. Thus, a generating set of the circulant network is used as a generating subset of the hypercirculant network, and the missing generators are synthesized by means of the evolutionary algorithm, which is carrying out minimization of diameter (average diameter) of networks. A comparative analysis of the structural characteristics of hypercirculant, toroidal, and circulant networks is conducted. The advantage hypercirculant networks under such structural characteristics, as diameter, average diameter, and the width of bisection, with comparable costs of the number of nodes and the number of connections is demonstrated. It should be noted the advantage of hypercirculant networks of dimension three over four higher-dimensional tori. Thus, the optimization of hypercirculant networks of dimension three is more efficient than the introduction of an additional dimension for the corresponding toroidal structures. The paper also notes the best structural parameters of hypercirculant networks in comparison with iBT-networks previously proposed by other authors.


A study using fixed time interval pictures to determine traffic characteristics on a short section of a highway in Ontario, Canada is reviewed. The purpose of the study was to obtain density-flow relationships, particularly a flux plot of the traffic for all speeds. This paper deals with the use of experimental volume concentration relationships in the study and prevention or limitation of kinematic waves in a number of common traffic situations.


In this study there have been measured and analyzed the indoor climate conditions and ventilation performance in 27 lightweight detached houses occupied by single-families. This survey was conducted during the years 2003-2005 in Estonia. The temperature and relative humidity were continuously measured in bedrooms, living rooms, and outdoors in each house at one–hour intervals over one year period. The air change rates were calculated on the basis of the measured exhaust airflows in ventilation ducts. Ventilation measurements were done with anemometer on different ventilation fan speed. In addition to measurements, a questionnaire was completed for each house, where the building characteristics, used building materials, type of HVAC systems and its use, occupants' habits, typical perceptions, complaints and symptoms related to indoor air quality etc. were interviewed from the occupant acting as contact person of the study. Measured indoor temperature and relative humidity were analyzed separately during the summer season and during the winter season in two measurement year. Results showed high indoor temperatures during summer and the instability of temperature during the heating season. In addition, the room temperature dependence on outdoor temperature was determined. To study the fluctuation of the temperature, RH, and the absolute humidity, the amplitudes of 24 hours, i.e. the difference between the daily maximum and minimum values were calculated. An average value of these daily amplitudes over all the summer and winter period was considered as a measure of the fluctuation of the parameter studied. All data were analyzed in the subdivision according to the ventilation systems and heating systems. Average ventilation air change rates in houses with mechanical ventilation system on using level were 0.41 ach and 12.1 l/(s·pers). According to questionnaire the noise was related with mechanical ventilation and the stuffy air with natural ventilation.


What exactly is a "multiplier"? What is meant by "induced sales "? Where do the figures come from? This no-nonsense primer on the quantitative measures and economic jargon of today's tourism studies provides guidance for those attempting to decipher tourism statistics


pH‐sensitive peptides are a relatively new strategy for conquering the poor endosomal release of cationic polymer‐mediated transfection. Modification of antimicrobial peptides by exchanging positively‐charged residues with negatively‐charged glutamic acid residues (Glu) greatly improves its lytic activity at the endosomal pH, which could improve cationic polymer‐mediated transfection.


DRAWING UPON recent scholarship in the study of travel, gender, science, colonialism, space, and medical discourse, our collection of essays offers an expansive and innovative revaluation of the picturesque. Although in contemporary parlance the term ''picturesque'' has been diminished to mean something like ''appropriate for a postcard,'' during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries it invoked a contested field of aesthetic theory and practices, and it exerted a complex and extensive influence upon wide-ranging cultural activities such as poetry, fiction, landscape improvement, gardening, tourism, ecology, and politics. The picturesque was foremost (and remains today among art historians and literary scholars) a subject of theoretical controversy. During the eighteenth century, landowners, writers, landscape architects, and politicians argued over the political and ecological implications of this aesthetic with an almost apocalyptic fervor, as when Horace Walpole exclaimed that Richard Payne Knight, a prominent picturesque theorist of the 1790s, was a ''Tom Paine'' who would ''Jacobinically'' level the ''purity'' of English gardens (Lewis 339). These theories of landscape were then translated into a living aesthetic which gave rise to many new spatial and visual practices, including the rise of tourism as we know it today and, as Jonathan Bate has recently argued, the conservation movement (132). As a motivating and framing device for the hundreds of travelers who personalized the land and their relationship to it by visiting popular sites throughout Britain, the picturesque functioned as a propaedeutic in visual literacy, helping the tourist to make sense of his or her own perceptions. As William Gilpin suggested, the picturesque enlightened the ''cold, untutored eye'' (Observations II: 12). When used by writers of the period, the picturesque offered a seemingly boundless paradigm for exploring the complexities of representation itself. Moreover, using picturesque principles of landscape design, landscape architects throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries imprinted a recognizable pattern on millions of acres across several continents, in settings as various as England's Blenheim Palace and New York City's Central Park. Finally, the picturesque became a point of intersection in discussions of science, ecology, theories of association, and the psychology of perception. Whereas many earlier collections of essays such as Stephen Copley and Peter Garside's The Politics of the Picturesque and W. J. T. Mitchell's Landscape and Power generally identify


Equity index futures are often blamed for exacerbating equity price crash risk although there is little empirical evidence to support the accusation in the literature. We find that Chinese equity index futures trading significantly reduces stock price crash risk. This negative relationship is strengthened by institutional ownership and weakened by a controlling shareholders' incentive to elude external monitoring, such as the divergence of control and cash‐flow rights of dominant shareholders, the block holdings of the largest shareholders, and state ownership. Our findings reveal the positive externality of financial derivative innovation on equity market stability.


Abstract : This paper deals with a generalization of an immersion analogy suggested by Biot. A simple general proof of the analogy is given. Applications are described to two-dimensional problems (using urethane rubber specimens immersed in thallium formate) and to three-dimensional problems (using epoxy models immersed in mercury). Two- and three-dimensional photoelasticity are used to determine stresses. The increase in response obtained by using the immersion technique permits the solution of a number of new problems where gravitational stresses play an important role, for example, in dams and in solid propellant rocket grains. (Author)


Coronary heart disease (CHD) also known as coronary artery disease (CAD) or ischemic heart disease (IHD), where it is caused by hindrance of blood transit to muscle of heart cause to collect the lipid and cholesterol on the inner wall of the heart. Because of atherosclerosis, CAD contains many types of disease: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction (MI), and sudden cardiac death. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is known as angioplasty is a non-surgical operation performed using a catheter to cram either inflate a balloon in the narrowing place or a stent (a very small fin grid tube made of either plastic or metal of stainless steel).


Former general practitioner High Wycombe (b 1936; q Guy's Hospital 1959; DCH, DRCOG), d 23 April 2002.

Chris had a keen interest in orchids. He grew many fine and rare breeds and was acknowledged as an expert in this field. He also studied Egyptology, was a keen amateur photographer, and an expert in computers. Although separated from his wife, Antje, they remained on friendly terms. He also leaves two children and two grandchildren.


R-matrix formulae are used to calculate the 13N(p, ?) 140 cross section in the energy region of astrophysical interest. Values of the R-matrix parameters are determined by fitting experimental data in 14C and 14N as well as 140, and by making use of shell model calculations where necessary. With the presently available data, there is considerable uncertainty in the predicted cross section, but this could be reduced appreciably by a measurement of the lifetime of the first excited state of 14C. With the preferred channel radius of about 5 fm, the predicted cross section is lower than those found in two previous calculations, which are discussed in some detail.


Biogas is a form of alternative energy which can be obtained from the anaerobic degradation process of organic materials. The presence of CO2 in biogas needs to be removed to increase its CH4 concentration, which simultaneously increasing its calorific value and biogas qualities. This study used the water scrubber method to absorb CO2 and separate it from the CH4 contained in biogas. The variables used are the biogas pressures of 2, 3, and 4 bar and water flow rates of 0.1 and 0.15 L/s with a contact time of 60 seconds. The results of this study showed that the greatest effectiveness in both CO2 removal of 99.5 percent and CH4 increase of 38.18 percent were obtained at biogas pressure of 4 bar and water flow rate of 0.15 L/s. The most effective results of CO2 biogas removal were obtained at greater biogas pressures and water flow rates.


China's urban population exceeded rural population for the first time in Chinese history,reaching 51.27% in 2011.However,the level of urbanization has been exaggerated.If deducting the landless peasants under forced urbanization and migrant workers being not treated equally in the cities,China′s actual urbanization level stood at 41.6%.There are challenges ahead.For example,an urban social value system has not established in our society;we don′t have a clear understanding of the role of cities and how to develop a city;urban management has not prepared well for urbanization development;and there is a long way to go in achieving equal treatment for all of the Urban residents.To cope with the challenges of urbanization,we need to improve the quality of urbanization,correctly understand the role of urbanization and its substance,follow the law of the urban development,and to explore building of an urban culture system.


It is becoming increasingly important how IT projects handle production sets in order to ensure flawless deliveries and quickly satisfy customers and users with new qualityassured functionality. Fo ...


The article critiques the role and position of the youth in urban governance in post-2000 Zimbabwe. Using cases from two urban centres, the analysis maps the contribution of young people to local governance and evaluates the impact of specific forms of governance on young people. The article observes that young people regard governance as a transient phenomenon, a site suitable for opportunistic forays. Their involvement in governance is short term and driven by strategic rationality. Consequently, young people assume different and sometimes contradictory roles. Young people in this context are manifestly averse to developing long-term alliances within their own ranks and with other social agents.


Abstract Endodontic therapy enables several advantages including maintenance of a natural tooth with restoration of its esthetics and functions. But endodontically treated teeth are often mutilated by caries fracture or previous restoration. Historically, many methods have been attempted in the search for an ideal foundation or build-up design for endodontically treated teeth. Dr. G. V. Black developed a porcelain-faced crown secured in place with a screw embedded in gold filling. Richmond crown was designed as a self-contained restoration with the post being a part of the final crown. Post can be either prefabricated or custom made. Custom-made post can be fabricated by either direct or indirect technique. In the indirect technique, impression taken should exactly replicate the parameters such as design, length, surface configuration, and diameter. The main problems while taking the impression of post space are incorporation of voids in the radicular portion and the inability to produce accurate impression in all dimensions. It mainly affects the quality of fabricated cast post. Therefore, this study is undertaken to compare the different impression techniques used for post space. It is expected that the study will reveal some useful information about the impression techniques that can be used to reproduce accurate and void-free impression of post space.


With the increase of high-rise buildings, subway, underground garage and other facilities, the risk of deep foundation pit also increases. This paper studies the common problems of deep foundation pit construction, and puts forward the solving measures.


IntroductionLoads acting on the knee are tied to the long term performance of implants, and are directly related to ligament function [1]. Previous work has used computational models coupled with optimization to estimate ligament properties based on experimental joint kinematics [2]. Our group recently utilized a similar optimization scheme that estimated ligament slack lengths based on experimental implant contact metrics [3]. A comparison with surgically relevant loading conditions that were excluded from the optimization would help establish the utility of the simulation framework. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess the predictive capability of two simulated knees using comparisons with experimentally determined trends found after systematic removal of key tissues. Similar techniques may support clinical joint balancing techniques, as well as identify factors that dictate long term implant performance.MethodsKnee arthroplasty was performed by orthopedic surgeons for four cadaveric specimens...


The article deals with semantics of "red" and "yellow" color in V.V. Mayakovsky's poetics. A lot has been written about "red" color; this color is associated with the revolutionary ideas and symbols, and it is often used in Mayakovsky's early works. However, "yellow" color is used along with "red" one and, in our opinion, it has more complicated semantics. This color is important for the poet himself and his creative life (Mayakovsky's yellow blouse), and for his early poems where we see the clothing elements of this color. According to folkloric ideas, it is the very color which is ambivalent; it correlates with the sun and a new life, and is attributed to mourning ritual symbolism. Folklore commentary to some details in the poems "A Cloud in Trousers", "A Man" and "Fifth International" allows us better understanding the poet's figurative and metaphorical system.


Abstract : This project report covers the following objectives: 1) Demonstrate two vehicle communication. 2) Obtain Video confirmation of Shallow Water Hydro-thermal Vent Activity using Video with location obtained from an independent source.


The intensification of the fluctuating geomagnetic field during space weather events leads to generation of a strong electric field in the conducting earth, which drives geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in grounded technological systems. GICs can severely affect the functioning of such infrastructure. The ability to realistically model the ground electric field (GEF) is important for understanding the space weather impact on technological systems. We present the results of three‐dimensional (3‐D) modeling of the GEF for the eastern United States during a geomagnetic storm of March 2015. The external source responsible for the storm is constructed using a 3‐D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of near‐Earth space. We explore effects from conductivity contrasts for various conductivity models of the region, including a 3‐D model obtained from inversion of EarthScope magnetotelluric data. As expected, the GEF in the region is subject to a strong coastal effect. Remarkably, effects from landmass conductivity inhomogeneities are comparable to the coastal effect. These inhomogeneities significantly affect the integrated GEF. This result is of special importance since the computation of GICs relies on integrals of the GEF (voltages), but not on the GEF itself. Finally, we compare the GEF induced by a laterally varying (MHD) source with that calculated using the plane wave approximation and show that the difference is perceptible even in the regions that are commonly considered to be negligibly affected by lateral nonuniformity of the source. Overall, the difference increases toward the north of the model where effects from laterally variable high‐latitude external currents become substantial.


Objective: To study the effection of Chinese drugs preparation Shenshuning Oral in treatment of early uremia of chronic renal insufficiency( CRI). M ethods: People with early uremia of CRI were selected, total 152cases, then which were divided into two groups randomly. The treatment group including 84 cases were dealt with Chinese drugs preparation Shenshuning Oral, which were dealt with the basis treatment. And the treatment were continued 60 days. At the same time the control group, including 68 cases, were dealt with fecula oral under the basis treatment. Clinic symptom, blood usea nitrogen( BUN), scallion cleanup rate( Scr), haematoglobin( Hb), albumin( Alb), and blood lipid were detected before and after the treatment in two groups. Results: The total efficient stability in the treatment group was 88. 10% , and the control group was 70. 59% . The declination of BUN and Scr after treatment of the treatment group was higher than those of the control group. The declination of total cholesterol(TC) and glycerin trilaurate( TG) after treatment of the treatment group was higher than those of the control group. Conclusion: Chinese drugs preparation Shenshuning Oral are effective to treat early uremia of CRI, which could prominent decline blood lipid, and meliorate the clinical sympyom.


This paper presents two concepts of output for the property and casualty insurance industry. One is implicit in the U.S. national accounts and the 1993 System of National Accounts (SNA); the other is from the economics literature. For each concept, alternative methods for measuring the nominal value of insurance output are presented. A comparison is made of methods for converting the nominal value of output into real output. Finally, the paper examines whether the use of the national accounts concept in published aggregate productivity measures leads to an understatement of productivity growth.


This article seeks to clarify the nature and role of the principle of neutrality enshrined in art.345 TFEU with respect to the regulatory powers of Member States to nationalise or privatise property. A clarification of the impact of the principle on regulatory powers of Member States is particularly important in areas that come close to the core of national sovereignty. Therefore, the focus is on the energy sector and the question whether the influence of the principle is determined by the significance of the interests at stake. Considering the use of the concept of neutrality in EU law, its place within the overall EU competence structure and its use in legislative practice and case law, the article argues that the principle has different functions and provides a balancing tool in the determination of the boundaries of the regulatory powers of Member States.


As part of a larger community nutrition study,t one section of our research was devoted to the examination of sweet potato consumption in a North Carolina community in transition from a rural to a suburban way of life. One key question guided our research: What social and cultural factors affect the acceptance or rejection of this vegetable in or from the diet? Since sweet potatoes are an important crop in North Carolina and a valuable source of the provitamin A carotenoids, the decline in its use deserves immediate and serious scientific attention. This study should shed some light on the probable causes for the decline of the sweet potato in the North Carolina and national dietaries. INDEX TERMS OR WORDS: sweet potatoes; sweet potato consumption, attitudes toward … , changes in … ; and nutritional anthropology.


SUtKOWSKA, A., LUBAS, B., AND WILCZOK, T. The Mechanism of Binding of the Radiosensitizers Metronidazole and Misonidazole (RO-07-0582) to Bovine and Human Serum Albumin-A Proton NMR Study. Radiat. Res. 85, 1-12 (1981). High-resolution proton NMR spectra of the radiosensitizer metronidazole and its derivative misonidazole (RO-07-0582) were measured in D20 at resonance frequency 60 MHz and interpreted in the aliphatic and aromatic regions. The linewidths of the NMR peaks attributed to individual fragments of nitroimidazole molecules were then analyzed in the presence of bovine and human serum albumin. With increasing concentration of serum albumin, a selectively larger broadening of the lines attributable to the protons of the aliphatic moieties than of those of the imidazole rings was observed for both compounds. This broadening for misonidazole strongly depends on the ionic strength of the solution. The results indicate a specific immobilization of the molecules of both radiosensitizers during their interaction with serum albumin and the involvement of the aliphatic chains of misonidazole and metronidazole as the primary binding sites.


A magnetic-ferroelectric film heterostructure with a large electric field tuning of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) mode was fabricated. Pulse laser deposited 30 nm thick Pt electrodes and 3 μm thick barium strontium titanate films on Nb-doped strontium titanate substrates were capped with an unbonded 200 μm thick single crystal in-plane c-axis barium hexaferrite slab. The structure gives a 60 GHz FMR frequency shift of 16 MHz at a bias of 29 V, for an average response of 0.55 MHz/V. The maximum incremental tuning response at 29 V was 1.3 MHz/V. This is a hundredfold improvement over previous results.


The invention in object of the present invention to provide an adhesive method of mounting chip accompanying the pick-up that is not at the same time does not require the push-up of the chip, the holding force of the non-pick-up chip on the progress of the pick-up (holding force) variation. Method for producing an adhesive mounting chip of the present invention for solving the aforementioned problems is fixing jig (3) the adhesive layer 31 onto the die-bonding adhesive layer 24 and the wafer 1, the wafer by a stacked state in the (1) and the die-bonding adhesive layer (24) completely cut to form a chip 13, an and-fixing jig (3) in close contact by modifying the layer 31, chip 13, the die-bonding adhesive layer 24 of the as the adhesive manufacturing method of attaching the chip together characterized in that the pick-up from the fixing jig 3, a fixing jig (3), an adhesion layer 31, a plurality of projections on one side is also the side walls (35 in the outer peripheral portion ) having has a jig expected (jig base) 30, an adhesion layer 31 is laminated on the surface having the projections of the jig forward (30), is bonded on the upper surface of the side wall 35, the jig forward ( the surface having a protruding object 30), the adhesive layer 31, the space defined by the protrusion and the side walls 35, 37 are formed on the jig forward (30), outside and through the compartment space (37) one or more through holes 38 and are provided, in that to be able to transform the adhesive layer (31) by sucking the air in the through hole 38, the intermediate compartment space 37 to the fixing jig (3) for It characterized.


The advantage of the harmonic wavelet lies in two points,one is its flexibility of parameters set-up due to different conditions,the other is its rectangular shape in frequency domain.Time-frequency distribution based on the harmonic wavelet transformation provides better time and frequency resolution and higher contrast to the background than the method based on FFT does.This is beneficial for successive detection or identification process.In this paper,time-frequency distribution analysis based on the harmonic wavelet transformation is applied to multi-objective process of noise and vibration signals with large differences in time interval,bandwidth and sampling.The results are compared with those based on STFT method.The parameters used in the computation are given for different situations.The results show that this method has good flexibility and obvious advantage.Thus,it has good prospects in application.Its disadvantage is the large computer-time consuming.


Abstract Orientational and magnetic properties of a ferrocholesteric, i.e. highly dispersed magnetic suspension in a cholesteric liquid crystal matrix in a magnetic field which is perpendicular to the spiral axes is considered. Two mechanisms of the field influence on the ferrocholesteric art taken into account: the dipolar one due to the interaction between the field and the magnetic moments of the needle-liked particles and the quadrupolar one due to the field influence on the cholesteric matrix. The field influence on the orientational structure, the spiral pitch, the magnetization and the concentration of the magnetic admixture is studied. The dependence of the ferrocholesteric-ferronematic transition critical field on the material parameters of the suspension is found.


On the basis of image cross correlation of brightness distribution and Fast Fourier Translation, the implementation of Particle Image Velocimetry was studied. Using the method, the particle images synthesized by mathematic method were disposed and the results were compared with the standard. The results reveal that in the Particle Image Velocimetry, the velocimetry arithmetic is also a reason of false vectors; the Particle Image Velocimetry technique based on Fast Fourier Translation can detect flow-field effectively and quickly; in the area where velocity and gradient of flow are strong, the false vectors appear with high frequency because of the decrease of match characteristic.


In this article of the magazine Padres y Maestros , it is  explain ed how ,  through  the musical Notre Dame of Paris, we can  work interdisciplinary  subjects such as language, natural sciences, history, physical education, etc.


Based on water culture,the hybrid maize of high yield is selected to study the effects of nitrogen on seedling growth,root morphological traits and nitrogen uptake and physiological N use efficiency.Results show that with N concentrations increasing in a certain range,shoot biomass of four maize cultivars and root biomass of Dongdan 90(DD90) and Shenyu 21(SY21) are increased,whereas root growth is inhibited under the high nitrate level,that led to the decrease of root/shoot ratio.The decreased ratio of shoot biomass of Zhengdan 958(ZD958) is higher than that of root biomass under the high nitrate level(8.0 mmol/L),as a result,the root/shoot ratio of ZD958 is increased.Under different N concentrations,DD90 has better root morphology to improve the ability of N uptake,therefore the N accumulation is increased.With the increase of nitrogen concentration,the N uptake efficiency is increased,while the physiological N use efficiency is decreased in the four hyrid maize.At both lower and higher N rates,ZD958 and DD90 both have higher N uptake efficiency and lower physiological N use efficiency compared with SY21 and Haoyu12(HY12).The responses of different maize cultivars to nitrogen are significantly different.There are the high tolerance and high N uptake to low nitrogen level in DD90 and ZD958.ZD958 has relatively weak resistance to high nitrogen level.SY21 and HY12 have high nitrogen demands and low nitrogen tolerance.The appropriate N supply could coordinate the growth of root and shoot,advance the root morphology and increase contact root area to nitrogen and nitrogen uptake.


[Music.Spirituality.Art of Living. Studies on Aesthetics and Music from a Theological Perspective] Music contributes to the religious art of living. The contributions in this volume show how this occurs and how to honor this theologically. Especially in Protestantism, music managed to become the preeminent medium for spiritual experiences. It can be appreciated theologically as a play of freedom. Images of God are reflected in it in different ways. At the same time, there is a struggle for styles and forms of musical practice in the church. "Neues Geistliches Lied" (new spiritual song), gospel or techno, for instance, are being put to the test. The contributions highlight opportunities for playing music in worship, in congregational development and in religious education. And they develop the idea that singing continues to count as one of the features of Christian faith in public.


The problem of peace and war could not be separated from the relations of both Francis and Henry with the Emperor Charles V and affairs in Germany. The English insisted that Henry would not give up Boulogne unless France abandoned Scotland. Tournon told the bishop of Arras that the French 'are stirred up against the King of England' and Bayard added that 'they will sell wives and children to get him out of Boulogne. In the months following the treaty of Crepy, a much more active role in peacemaking was taken by German Protestant diplomats. Charles, preparing for his campaign against the German Protestants, had no wish to see them play a central role in diplomacy. On the English side, the talks near Calais in November/December 1545 were largely managed by William Paget, using Bruno and Sturm as intermediaries with those in France favourable to peace.Keywords: Calais; Emperor Charles V; England; France; German Protestant


Cricket, which served nationalist needs in colonial India, has emerged as the country's dominant national symbol since the 1980s. In view of the extraordinary popularity of cricket in contemporary India, it will not be a far cry to assert, following Ashis Nandy, that cricket is truly an Indian sport accidentally discovered in England. [2] Unlike all other international sports, which are dominated and controlled by the West, the epicentre of cricket has moved to India. [3] Cricket's commercial potential, as manifest in the anti-Pentangular movement and in Bombay's establishment as the home of cricket, pushing Bengal to the background, firmly controls the trajectory of the game in modern India. This phenomenon was best exemplified in World Cup 2003 held in South Africa. Commenting on the role of cricket in contemporary India, Rudrangshu Mukherjee declares:


In 2020, fossil fuels accounted for around 80% of the world's energy supply, but the 2022 global energy crisis highlighted their vulnerability and lack of sustainability, prompting a global shift towards renewable energy sources. Indonesia, recognizing its potential in renewable energy, has taken proactive steps to accelerate its transition, such as the issuance of Peraturan Presiden Nomor 112 Tahun 2022 to facilitate renewable energy development. PT Kencana Energi Lestari Tbk responded positively to the regulation and has allocated USD 30 million in 2023 to implement renewable energy strategies. They are also pursuing a USD 100 million renewable energy project in the Philippines. To fund its initiatives, PT Kencana Energi Lestari Tbk plans to use USD 9 million from internal cash reserves and obtain an additional USD 121 million from external financing sources. However, their current capital structure has a debt-to-equity ratio of 76.84%, which deviates significantly from the industry average of 35.92%, suggesting that it may not be optimal. This study employs the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) method to identify the most optimal capital structure that will maximize the company's value. The suggested capital structure consists of 34% debt and 66% equity, resulting in an optimal cost of capital of 12.2868%. To implement their renewable energy plan, PT Kencana Energi Lestari Tbk needs to secure a total funding of USD 23,947,572.54 through debt financing and USD 97,052,427.46 through equity financing.
Keywords:  optimal capital structure; renewable energy; financing plan


Tunicates are a group of filter-feeding animals that live in the ocean. They are widely distributed throughout the world and are a major contributor to the fouling problem in aquaculture. In additi ...


The notion of 'illocutionary silencing' has been given a key role in defining the harms of pornography by several feminist philosophers. Though the literature on silencing focuses almost exclusively on the speech act of sexual refusal, oddly enough, it lacks a thorough analysis of that very act. My first aim is to fill this theoretical gap. I claim that refusals are "second-turn illocutions": they cannot be accomplished in absence of a previous interrogative (or open) call by the hearer. Furthermore, I maintain that refusals constitute authoritative illocutions only when preceded by requests for permission. The secondary goal of my paper is to assess Mary Kate McGowan's (2009) account of silencing as authority denial. Despite its virtues, I argue that ultimately it should be rejected on two grounds: (i) it entails an objectification of female sexuality; (ii) if sexual advances are requests for permission (as McGowan implies), a man who asks a woman for sex cannot fail to ratify her authority over her own body. I conclude by sketching an alternative explanation for the failure of women's refusals, according to which women may be unable to refuse sex for their interlocutors' advances are intended as imperative (or closed) calls.


Decoherence is a major limitation in the development of quantum technology. Here, we study decoherence in the context of a double-slit experiment aiming at fundamental tests of quantum theory using optically trapped dielectric nanospheres.


Sarine scrap usually comprises about of the raw fish in processing. The purpose of this study is to establish the desirable methods for proteinaceous materials from the sardine scrap through autolysis or enzymatic digestion and to convert them into useful by-products such as sardine sauce. Sardine scrap was chopped and mixed with equal weight of water, and be hydrolyzed them by autolysis and/or by addition of commercial proteolytic enzyme and various concentrations of sodium chloride. The optimal conditions for hydrolysis of sardine scrap were revealed in temperature at and 4 hours digestion with bromelain() and commercial complex enzyme (), and those conditions were also applicated in autolysis. The maximum hydrolyzing rate of protein and released amino nitrogen were through autolysis, by bromelain digestion and by complex enzyme, respectively. In the products prepared from sardine scrap through autolysis or bromelain digestion, hypoxanthine was dominant, as , dry matter for autolysis and , dry matter, for bromelain digestion among the nucleotidcs and their related compounds, respectively. The abundant free amino acids were leucine, glutamic acid, lysnie, valine and alanine. The contents of those amino acids were of the total free amino acids, respectively. And the contents of 5'-IMP and TMAO were negligible but total creatinine was developed in value from of total extracted nitrogen. The flavor of sardine sauce prepared from sardine scrap by autolysis or enzyme digestion were not inferior to that of traditional Korean soy sauce by sensory evaluation.


Objective To construct the nude mouse model of human gastric carcinoma by using orthotopic transplantation.Methods Histologically intact tissue of human gastric carcinoma SGC 7901 maintained by passage in the subcuitis of nude mouse was transplanted orthotopically into the stomach wall of BALB/c nude mouse,then their independent growth,the orthotopic transplantation,the ways of invasion and metastasis were observed.Results The rate of successfully orthotopic transplantation was 8/8,and all nude mouse with orthotopically transplanted tumours exhibited metastatic ability.The rates of metastasis in the local lymph node,lung,liver and peritoneum were 8/8,5/8,7/8 and 7/8,respectively.Conclusions The biological properties of nude mouse human gastric carcinoma model by using orthotopic transplantation are just similar to those of human gastric carcinoma.Therefore,they may be regarded as the ideal model for further experimental study on tumour metastasis mechanism and further anti metastasis therapy. China J Cancer Prev Treat,2003,10(5):476-478


Based on the paraffin sections in the intestine,distribution,density,shape other aspects in argentaffine cells in digestive tract of Hawfinch were compared by using Grimelius method.Results are as follows: argentaffine cells couldn't be found in esophagus,proventriculus other digestive parts;the argentaffine cells could be found throughout most of the intestine;the argentaffine cells distribute in an upward trend;density maximum occurs in the rectum,in the duodenum density at the minimum.Argyrophil cells were mainly distributed in the epithelial cells of mucosa layer gastric gland,a few at the bottom of epithelial cells.Argyrophil cells are in the form of diversity: mainly oval,tapering,fusiform so on,among which tapering argentaffine cell extending to the gut lumen to play its role in endocrine.According to their structure morphology of endocrine cells,it is thought that argyrophil cells in the digestive tract of Hawfinch have functions of endocrine exocrine.


What is the connection between transnational social support and religious movements? What types of transnational social support are provided by religious groups? What are the forms and functions of...


Avatars are a key factor for immersion in a consumption experience. Though, little is known about the customer-avatar relationship in a commercial context through time. Two studies were conducted. Findings relate to understanding ongoing avatar personalization, influence of identification on immersion and satisfaction, and the specific identification-immersion relationship throughout time.


Efficient search is a critical component for an e-commerce platform with an innumerable number of products. Every day millions of users search for products pertaining to their needs. Thus, showing the relevant products on the top will enhance the user experience. In this work, we propose a novel approach of fusing a transformer-based model with various listwise loss functions for ranking e-commerce products, given a user query. We pre-train a RoBERTa model over a fashion e-commerce corpus and fine-tune it using different listwise loss functions. Our experiments indicate that the RoBERTa model fine-tuned with an NDCG based surrogate loss function(approxNDCG) achieves an NDCG improvement of 13.9% compared to other popular listwise loss functions like ListNET and ListMLE. The approxNDCG based RoBERTa model also achieves an NDCG improvement of 20.6% compared to the pairwise RankNet based RoBERTa model. We call our methodology of directly optimizing the RoBERTa model in an end-to-end manner with a listwise surrogate loss function as ListBERT. Since there is a low latency requirement in a real-time search setting, we show how these models can be easily adopted by using a knowledge distillation technique to learn a representation-focused student model that can be easily deployed and leads to ~10 times lower ranking latency.


The article presents the folding mechanisms in the Ministry of internal Affairs of certain practices to manage ethnoregions of the Kazakh Steppe as the process amied to the task to preserve the structural relations of the Empire in the historical conditions of acquisition, integration and expansion of the Central Asian territory in southern and south-eastern directions. The territorial-administrative borders of the Ural, Turgay, Akmola and Semipalatinsk regions reveal the bases of diagnostics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, where the ethno-confessional dominant played a crucial role in determining the threat of disintegration of the "the Borderlands". Attention is focused on the position of the Ministry of Internal Affairs which adhered to the "balance of power" in balancing the circumstances of internal and external nature. Bidirectional diagnosis is presented through the analysis of the foreign policy activity of general-governors and the opposition to "moderators" of colonization events. The emphasis is placed on the confrontation between the logics of state-building ("active integration") and "protective policy". The basis for the relevant decisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was the religious activity of the Kazakh population and a measure of its "religious sensitivity" that bordered on "fanaticism".


It describes apparatus, systems, methods, reagents, and tools for analyzing components and their preparation. In particular, they are well configured to automatically analyze samples in the form of a perforated plate, sample preparation and analysis. For example, they may be used for environmental monitoring samples obtained from the air and / or liquid particles in the automatic analyzer.


Interobserver reliability and reproducibility are well known problems in experimental research within the social and behavioural sciences. We propose the use of formal techniques and tools to reduce this problem. To this end we extend standard research methods by transcribing video material in terms of basic score units, using automated tools to define in logic the more complex score units in terms of the basic score units, and to automatically check these complex score units against the transcripts.Furthermore, we use pilot experiments to determine the basic score units. We show that the proposed extension significantly improves interobserver reliability and reproducibility. An important additional benefit of our method is that the repository of annotations remains useful even if the researcher decides to test other complex score units that can be formulated in terms of the basic score units used to annotate the collected data.


Objective :To explore the relationship between the early glycation products(fructosamine)and the advanced glycation end-products(AGEs) in the patients on dialysis.And to study the effect of dialysis on removing glycation products.Methods: Levels of plasma fructosamine and AGEs were mesured in 20 Patients on hemodialysis(HD).The same Procedure were compared with those in 17 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) and 21 control subjects.Results: Levels of plasma fructosamine and AGEs in Patients on HD(P0 01) and CAPD (P0 01)were significant ly higheras compared with those in control subjects,but fructosamine was not different between the HD group and the CAPD group (P0 05).Fructosamine dose not change before and after hemodialysis (P0 05).But the AGEs level was significantly different between the two groups (P0 01).Conclusion:It is shown that fructosamine and AGEs were significantly higher in patients on dialysis,and they could not be effectively removed by dialysis.


.............................................................................................i DECLARATION ........................................................................................ii DEDICATION ..........................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGEMETNS ...........................................................................iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................v LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................vi LIST OF APPENDICES .............................................................................vii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1. Background ..................................................................................2 2. Motivation/Justification of the study ...................................................3 3. Definition of the Problem ................................................................4 4. Aims ...........................................................................................5 5. Objectives ....................................................................................5 6. Delimitation of Research Problem .....................................................6 7. Stating the Assumptions..................................................................7 8. Key Questions...............................................................................7 9. Hypothesis....................................................................................7 10. Definition of Terms........................................................................8 11. Research Methodology ..................................................................10 Methods of Research ................................................................10 Case Studies of Schools for the Disabled ................................10 Interviews with Students and Staff ......................................11 Precedent Studies ...........................................................11 Conclusion .............................................................................11


When present in complex fractured aquifers, NAPL contamination is especially problematic, not only in terms of detection and prediction of future behavior, but with respect to remediation. Rock fracture networks are typically highly heterogeneous and difficult to characterize, and NAPL behavior within these networks does not fit commonly-used porous medium models. DNAPLs may penetrate to considerable depths in fractured systems, invading increasingly smaller aperture features as NAPL heads build with depth. LNAPLs may also penetrate beneath the groundwater surface in nearvertical fractures, and may migrate laterally from source both upand cross-gradient, depending on fracture network geometry. These characteristics, combined with the complexities inherent in multi-phase flow, typically make remediation of NAPL in fractured systems difficult (if not in some cases practically infeasible) and expensive. Traditional NAPL removal methods (such as focused pumping and high-vacuum extraction), employed with some degree of success in unconsolidated aquifers, have generally performed poorly in fractured systems. Promising new techniques for NAPL removal, such as steam-assisted recovery, and surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR), have yet to be applied rigorously in fractured systems. Economic analysis can be used to compare the costs of NAPL remediation with the benefits that are expected to result from that remediation. Decisions on the required level of remediation can thus be made with an understanding of the full economic ramifications, including the wider implications for the environment and society. Benefits of remediation include those that accrue to the problem holder (such as increase in land value), and those that are produced for the rest of society (often described as the value of damage avoided by taking action). Wider (external) benefits can include the value of damage avoided to the aquifer as a productive resource, and as it contributes to the maintenance of ecosystems and surface water resources. By explicitly placing monetary values on each of the expected benefits of a particular remedial option, they can be compared like for like with the costs of implementing that action. Thus, various possible remedial alternatives can be compared to determine which provides the most benefit to society as a whole, and all stakeholder's concerns can be represented and compared in an equal unit of measure – money. Economic analysis can also be used to identify situations in which a technical impracticability (TI) waiver may be advantageous for society. Two examples are provided where NAPL exists in fractured aquifers. Comparison of the costs and benefits of aquifer remediation illustrates the conditions under which application of more aggressive remedial techniques are warranted, and where they are not. In general, active remediation may be beneficial and warranted if aquifer use value is high, if alternative water sources are scarce, and if an important non-use value is threatened (such as groundwater recharging a sensitive and valued wetland ecosystem). In many cases, the anticipated benefits of NAPL remediation in a fractured aquifer will not justify the level of expenditure required to realize those benefits, with currently available technology. To allow benefits to be more accurately quantified, studies are required on valuing aquifers, both in the USA and Europe. It is also clear that continued research is needed to develop remedial techniques for fractured systems which are more effective and less costly.


Midchord laminar separation bubbles, which act as a transition mechanism on low Reynolds number airfoils, make a contribution to wing section profile drag that becomes increasingly important at low Reynolds number. A model for the analysis of the boundary layer through the bubble is needed. The model developed here, which is based on Horton's method, provides a simple computationally efficient analysis that matches the integral boundary-layer analysis methods used on most existing boundary-layer codes. The bubble calculation is initiated by the detection of laminar separation. Transition location and boundary-layer growth in the laminar region are determined using Van Ingen's shortcut e" method and Schmidt's correlations, respectively. Following Horton, the turbulent region is calculated using an iterative scheme that also functions as a bursting criterion, but the original linear velocity distribution has been replaced by Wortmann's concave velocity distribution. Both computation efficiency and prediction accuracy were improved after this change. Testing against experimental data showed that the bubble model greatly improved the drag prediction accuracy of the analysis in the Reynolds number range from 0.2 to 1.5 x 10, especially in cases when the midchord bubble was dominant. The validity of the bubble model was further confirmed by accurate prediction of bubble size and reattachment velocity gradient.


Corresponding author: K. Domaszewska, e-mail: email@example.com Introduction C spinal cord injury is one of the most common injuries of the human body. According to Kiwerski, 25-35 people per 1 m. of the general population suffer from such injuries. It should be also mentioned that men tend to suffer more often from cervical spinal cord injuries than women. According to Tasiemski, the number is 5-6 times higher, and only few individuals return to practicing their professional or sports activity from before the injury [1, 2, 3]. Introduction. Cervical spinal cord injury is one of most common human body defi ciencies. Quadriplegia affects not only the mass of paralyzed muscles, but also disrupts physiological exercise adaptation mechanisms. One of the few sports suitable for individuals with cervical spine impairment is wheelchair rugby. Professional athletes display a higher exercise capacity than untrained people with a similar degree of spinal damage. The reduction of aerobic capacity in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury is multifactorial. In addition to cardio-pulmonary mechanisms limiting the exercise capacity, the decrease in active muscle mass leads to the rapid development of tissue hypoxia. Material and Methods. 14 members of the Polish National Wheelchair Rugby Team were recruited for the study. The male players aged 20-40 years with cervical spinal cord injuries underwent spirometric and ergospirometric tests. Results. The mean values of spirometric parameters were: VC 3.9 ± 0.71 l (71.3% predicted), ERV 0.9 ± 0.33 l (60.7% predicted), VE 12.6 ± 6.34 4 l/min, Bf 18.3 ± 4.72 l/min, VT 0.7 ± 0.20 l, FVC 4.05 ± 0.69 l/min (76.3% predicted), FEV1,0/FVC 92.2 ± 7.10% (113.45% predicted), MVV 141.7 ± 24.59 l/min (97.15% predicted). The mean value of peak oxygen consumption during exercise was 1.31 ± 0.30 l/min (17.8 ± 4.99 ml/kg/min) achieved within 11.8 ± 3.51 min. The mean maximal workload was 42.5 ± 13.99 W. During the test only 10 players reached the anaerobic threshold (AT) intensity. The mean workload at AT was 36 ± 10.62 W, and VO2 max at AT was 0.9 ± 0.26 l/min (15.5 ± 4.17 ml/kg/min). Conclusions. The results of spirometric tests indicate the presence of mild and medium restrictive pulmonary changes in 8 out of the studied players of the Polish National Wheelchair Rugby Team. The physiological parameters obtained during the exercise test indicate a higher aerobic capacity of surveyed athletes in comparison with untrained quadriplegics.


It is foreseeable that handheld devices will be involved in the arena of distributed computing in the near future. To provide a dependable computing environment, check-pointing and rollback recovery is a useful and important technique for fault-tolerant distributed computing systems. For the most popular platform among handhelds, Palm OS, its built-in HotSync tool can take a partial snapshot of a system state, but it synchronizes only the static data in the handheld with a PC. All dynamic data of applications are lost if a failure occurs and the Palm OS is reset. In order to accommodate mobile computing devices with checkpointing and rollback recovery capability, dynamic data such as global variables should be checkpointed to tolerate system reset/crash failure. Therefore, we developed a checkpointing tool, which provides a set of APIs to checkpoint Palm applications. Using the checkpointing tool, dynamic data in a Palm device can be saved and recovered from a system reset. We describe the tool and demonstrate its usefulness in four popular Palm applications.


A series of 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)-N-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)acetohydrazide (3a3g), 2-(benzo [d]thiazol-2-ylthio)-N-(2,4'-dioxospiro[indolin-3,2'-thiazolidin)-3'yl)acetamide (4a-4g) and 2'-((benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)methyl)spiro[indoline-3,5'thiazolo[4,3-b][1,3,4]oxadiazol]-2-ones (5a-5g) have been synthesized and screened for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial activities. The most potent antiinflammatory and antibacterial compound of this series was compound 5d and most potent analgesic compound was compound 5e. Structures of all the compounds were established by elemental and spectral (IR and 1 H NMR) analysis.


There are provided a method and an apparatus for correcting image data of an image sensor. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving sensor data with image data with at least one artifact and lubricating sensitive data, detecting a movement of one or more associated with the artifact light sources and characterizing the movement of the one or more light sources to provide a movement characteristic. The method may further include correcting at least a portion of the image data on the basis of the lubricating sensitive data and the motion characteristic of the one or more light sources, wherein said correcting to a vertical movement and a non-vertical movement of the one or more light sources responding.


A preliminary study has been conducted using gravity method to estimate the volcano hosted geothermal system at Tiris, Probolinggo Regency, East Java. Gravimeter LaCoste & Romberg type G-1503 used for acquisition data which it collected in grid design with 100 meters per each datum. Complete Bouguer anomaly was obtained through gravity correction methods, then reduced into the flat plane and separated between regional anomalies and residual anomalies using upward continuation method. Complete Bouguer anomaly result had value ranged from 49–63 mGal and residual anomaly values ranged from -8.5–5.5 mGal. Subsurface structure identification for determining geothermal layer system was obtained by making three intersection lines (i.e AA', B-B' and C-C') on the residual anomaly map and analyzing their cross-sections. Based on the modeling results of A-A', BB' and C-C' cross-sections in terms of density values, it is estimated that the sub-surface rocks of the research area are composed by Lamongan volcano tuff-breccia rocks, Lamongan volcano breccia-lava rocks, Argopuro volcano andesitic-lava rocks, and old-Tengger andesitic-breccia rocks. The Argopuro volcano andesitic-lava rocks are suspected as the geothermal heat source because it volcanic activity is still detected. Furthermore, the Lamongan volcano breccia-lava suspected as the geothermal reservoir where they have large porosity so that the water passes and heated easily.


A transportation network is the economic backbone of a developed country. For that reason, it is important that the network maintain functionality after catastrophic natural events and minimize downtime to reduce adverse effects on society and the economy. A holistic framework that integrates seismic risk, vulnerability of system components, and a traffic model is developed. This framework is used to evaluate the direct and indirect costs associated with extreme seismic events. The combined effect of ground motion and liquefaction is considered to estimate the seismic risk of the system. Bridges are considered the most vulnerable network components. The concept of fragility curves is used to combine the probability of bridge failure with the postevent functionality of the network. An integrated traffic model is used to predict route choices after an earthquake. Finally, the developed framework is used to estimate the earthquake risk of the test bed transportation network in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. The direct and indirect costs associated with several earthquake scenarios in the region are estimated, and annual risk curves are developed.


Some of the chapters on media and creativity may be too technical for their approach. This reviewer disagrees. The remaining chapters attempt to show the importance of research, budgeting, planning, and coordinating advertising campaigns with other elements in the marketing plan. A specific case history is included in an effort to show how all the principles discussed in the book function together in a specific case.


To the Editor: We describe a 28-year-old man who presented to us with complaints of progressive diminution of vision in both eyes for 2 years. The uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/200 in both eyes, improving to 20/80 with pinhole. Near vision was N18 in both eyes. Retinoscopy was irregular with an oil-droplet reflex on distant direct ophthalmoscopy. Dilated slit-lamp examination showed anterior lenticonus in both eyes (Figures 1A-1B). Fundus examination was within normal limits. With a clinical suspicion of Alport's syndrome, a history of renal insufficiency, hematuria, or hearing deficit was ruled out.1 Figures 1C-1D show the spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (Casia SS1000; Tomey, Nagoya, Japan) of both eyes. Ray-tracing aberrometry (iTrace; Tracey Technologies, Houston, TX) showed total higher order aberrations of 2.963 μm in the right eye and 1.689 μm in the left eye. Figures 1E-1F show that both higher and lower order aberrations of the cornea were within normal limits in both eyes. There was a significant increase in internal defocus (3.522 μm in the right eye and 3.215 μm in the left eye), which contributed to the patient's large refractive error. Spherical aberration was also high (1.309 μm in the right eye and 1.231 μm in the left eye). Both vertical and horizontal coma was abnormal in the right eye (0.149 and 0.417 μm, respectively). A detailed assessment of preoperative visual quality metrics for the entire eye is shown in Figure 2. Modulation transfer function curve (Figure 2B) was flat preoperatively for both eyes, suggesting poor contrast sensitivity for both higher and lower spatial frequencies (area under the curve: 2.81 for the right eye and 2.88 for the left eye). Strehl's ratio (Figure 2C) was 0.00141 in the right eye and 0.00192 in the left eye. Snellen's simulated E charting for visual acuity of 20/30 showed gross distortions in both eyes.


Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionising technical environment of traditional methods as well as has applications in smart cities, smart industries, etc. Additionally, IoT enabled models' application areas are resource-constrained as well as demand quick answers, low latencies, and high bandwidth, all of which are outside of their capabilities. The above-mentioned issues are addressed by cloud computing (CC), which is viewed as a resource-rich solution. However, excessive latency of CC prevents it from being practical. The performance of IoT-based smart systems suffers from longer delay. CC is an affordable, emergent dispersed computing pattern that features extensive assembly of diverse autonomous methods. This research propose novel technique resource allocation and task scheduling for device-device communication in mobile Cloud IoT environment based on 5G networks. Here the resource allocation has been carried out using virtual machine based markov model infused wavelength division multiplexing. Task scheduling is carried out using meta-heuristic moath flame optimization with chaotic maps. So, by scheduling tasks in a smaller search space, system resources are conserved. We run simulation tests on benchmark issues and real-world situations to confirm the effectiveness of our suggested approach. The parameters measured here are resource utilization of 95%, response time of 89%, computational cost of 35%, power consumption of 38%, QoS of 85%.


– As it affects the energy scavenged from the PV modules, partial shadowing of photovoltaic modules is one of the main sources of energy losses. The PV system's mismatch is what causes the energy loss. Differential Power Processing (DPP) converter, which surfaced as a novel switching strategy with positive outcomes, silently addresses these mismatch difficulties. The PV modules are normally connected in series, and by only processing the portion of the power that is mismatched, DPP converters are used to extract PV power. The goal of this study is to create a DPP converter based on a switched capacitor inductor (SCL) in order to reduce the unfavourable conditions in PV systems. A recommended SCL-based DPP design collects the most power even when the PV modules are partially shaded by just processing a portion of an output. The functioning concept of the recommended converter is also discussed here, along with a loss analysis. The suggested topology is explored and effectively contrasted with the standard topology with the aid of simulations and tests.


Numerical calculation model was founded for stratified rock slope by numerical calculation program FLAC3D software,and the stress and deformation response of the rock mass before and after grouting reinforcement were analyzed.The analysis results show that,after grouting,the displacement and stress contour are more smooth,and there does not exist no stress and displacement mutation,which is good for the slope stability.But due to the limitation area of grouting,the whole displacement of the slope is still very large.The dynamic displacement can reflect the deformation response of slope during excavation in the state before and after grouting,as well as the shear location of potential slip plane.After grouting,the tensile and shear plastic zones of the slope are reduced greatly,which shows that grouting can improve the mechanical characteristics of the rock mass,and can improve the capacity to resist the tensile and shear stress.


Although different authorities have different ways to define food additives, but to give a working definition, "food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor and/or enhance taste and/ or appearance".1,2 On a more scientific note, borrowing the definition from the European Commission on food safety regulation, food additives are defined as any substances 'not normally consumed as food itself' which are added to food to perform a specific technological purpose e.g. preservation.3 In this document overall twenty-six categories of food additives have been outlined, which are roughly subdivided into the following topics: (i) regarding the safety as well as prevention of food degradation issues brought about by either bacterial infection, or chemical reactions, or oxidations, and (ii) regarding taste improvement, appearance, or mouth-feel of the final finished product.4 The US FDA5 lists the following items as food ingredients that may be legally added to food: anti-caking agents, color additives, dough strengtheners including conditioners, emulsifiers, enzymatic preparations, fat replacers, agents for firming, flavor enhancing agents, flavors and spices, humectants (moisture preservers), leavening agents, nutrients, pH control agents (including buffering agents), acidulants, preservatives, stabilizers along with thickeners, sweeteners, yeast nutrients, and gases.6 Food additives become part of the finished food product either directly or indirectly and sometimes intentionally and unintentionally, during some stage of processing, storage, or packaging. Direct food additives are commonly those that have been deliberately added for some special function by the food processor (usually the company), while indirect additives are usually those that may have drifted into food products in minute quantities due to e.g. growing, processing, or packaging phase during the food production process. Interestingly, there is a difference between an ingredient and an additive which though self-explanatory is not immediately obvious. For example, salt is an ingredient and so is vinegar but the acid in vinegar namely, acetic acid, if used alone, must be classified as an additive.7 Direct food additives have an important role to play in our foods e.g., to provide nutrition, often to maintain quality and freshness of the finished product, sometimes to help the practical handling, processing and preparation of foods, to make foods appealing, and so on.8


With the vigorous development of Yuxi tourism in recent years,travel websites increasingly become an important platform for external propaganda in Yuxi Municipality.Taken the Yuxi municipal government website in English as evidence,this paper discusses the translation status of Yuxi municipal travel websites from the glocalization perspective,and improvements are also made on samples under question.


The utility model discloses a built-in dust absorbing pipe type robot for cleaning air pipes, which comprises a vehicle body. Both sides of the vehicle body are provided with vehicle wheels, a lighting lamp and a camera head are respectively arranged at the front and the back of the vehicle body, and a master control cable interface, a hair brush cable interface and a video cable interface are arranged at the rear part of the vehicle body, and a dust absorbing pipe interface is arranged at the back of the vehicle body. A dust absorbing pipe is arranged in the vehicle body, a mechanical arm is arranged at the top part of the vehicle body, and the front end of the mechanical arm is connected with a hair brush and a drive motor for the hair brush. The utility model can integrate dedust and dust suction, and a bogie can become one part of a dust collector, so the utility model is still more favorable to the observe and the control of the dust cleaning process. In addition, the operation steps are simplified, and the utility model can be used conveniently.


This text discussed reasonable to make use of a bush first,analyzing perfect city a natural protection immediately after with living the construction means technique ﹑ plant to install the way plant to install a way,studied certain city finally green turn a safe trouble evaluation standard,the perfect city is green to turn a safe management system,strengthenning city green turn a safe management.It has deeply signification in theory and extensive value in applications.


Newmark sliding block approach has been extensively studied by many researchers in the past decades. Significant progress has been made to alleviate its deficiencies and overcome its simplifying assumptions, but some aspects such as the cyclic shear strength and time history vertical acceleration in the Newmark sliding displacement analysis are seldom considered strictly. In the presented research, a modified Newmark methodology for sliding deformation analysis of rock-fill dams subjected to strong earthquake is proposed. In order to make the seismic safety evaluation of dams more realistic, the influence of cyclic shear strength (earthquake-induced reduction of shear strength) and time history vertical acceleration obtained from the dynamic response analysis on the critical acceleration and accumulative sliding displacement of the flexible sliding body is considered. Detailed comparison between the proposed method and existing methods is performed via the analysis of two typical dams, that is, a virtual rock-fill dam with a height of 100 m which is assumed to be situated on rock formation and a real core rock-fill dam with a height of 150 m built on deep overburden layers. It is demonstrated that the cyclic shear strength and time history vertical acceleration within flexible sliding body, as highlighted in the proposed method, have significant effect on the seismic safety evaluation, critical acceleration, and accumulation of sliding deformation of rock-fill dams subjected to strong earthquake loading. The existing approaches tend to provide unconservative evaluation on the consequences of earthquakes on rock-fill dams.


Discussions regarding regulation of endocrine disruptors (EDs) and combination effects are ongoing in Europe. Among the central topics of discussion are establishment of criteria for identification ...


Different part-of-speeches have different roles in document clustering.Using 4 popular English and Chinese datasets,the paper choose three clustering algorithms to investigate the influence of 4 major part-of-speeches as well as their combination on Chinese and English document clustering.The experimental result reveals that nouns are the most important in presenting the content of the document.Besides,verbs,adjectives and adverbs contribute to document clustering.Although similar result is obtained from the experiments,nouns.Using only nouns to characterize the document can not produce the best clustering result,but it can reduce the document dimensions to a great extent.The combination of 4 part-of-speeches produces the best clustering result.Single part-of-speech vary considerably in Chinese and English document clustering performance,and the differences are more consistent in Chinese document clustering.


Clinical characteristics Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) is characterized by upper-limb defects, congenital heart malformation, and cardiac conduction disease. Upper-limb malformations may be unilateral, bilateral/symmetric, or bilateral/asymmetric and can range from triphalangeal or absent thumb(s) to phocomelia. Other upper-limb malformations can include unequal arm length caused by aplasia or hypoplasia of the radius, fusion or anomalous development of the carpal and thenar bones, abnormal forearm pronation and supination, abnormal opposition of the thumb, sloping shoulders, and restriction of shoulder joint movement. An abnormal carpal bone is present in all affected individuals and may be the only evidence of disease. A congenital heart malformation is present in 75% of individuals with HOS and most commonly involves the septum. Atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect can vary in number, size, and location. Complex congenital heart malformations can also occur in individuals with HOS. Individuals with HOS with or without a congenital heart malformation are at risk for cardiac conduction disease. While individuals may present at birth with sinus bradycardia and first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, AV block can progress unpredictably to a higher grade including complete heart block with and without atrial fibrillation. Diagnosis/testing The diagnosis of HOS is established in a proband with a preaxial radial ray anomaly and a personal or family history of cardiac septation and/or conduction defects. More than 70% of individuals who meet strict clinical diagnostic criteria have an identifiable heterozygous pathogenic variant in TBX5. Management Treatment of manifestations: Management involves a multidisciplinary team of specialists in medical genetics, cardiology, orthopedics, and hand surgery. Treatment for arrhythmias may require medication, surgery, and/or pacemaker implantation. Pharmacologic treatment for individuals with pulmonary hypertension. Cardiac surgery for congenital heart defects is standard; affected individuals and families are also likely to benefit from programs providing social support to those with limb anomalies. Prevention of secondary complications: A cardiologist can assist in determining the need for anticoagulants and antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis. Surveillance: Annual ECG for all affected individuals, annual Holter monitor for individuals with known conduction disease, and echocardiogram every one to five years for those with septal defects or as directed by a cardiologist. Evaluation of relatives at risk: Presymptomatic diagnosis and treatment is warranted in relatives at risk to identify those who would benefit from appropriate cardiac management. Pregnancy management: Affected women who have not undergone cardiac evaluation should do so prior to pregnancy or as soon as the pregnancy is recognized; those with a known history of a structural cardiac defect or cardiac conduction abnormality should be followed by a cardiologist during pregnancy. Genetic counseling HOS is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Approximately 85% of affected individuals have HOS as the result of a de novo pathogenic variant. Offspring of an affected individual are at a 50% risk of being affected. In pregnancies at 50% risk, detailed high-resolution prenatal ultrasound examination may detect upper-limb malformations and/or congenital heart malformations. Prenatal molecular genetic testing may be used to confirm a diagnosis if the TBX5 pathogenic variant has been identified in an affected relative.


• Page 1 of 4 • Citation: Cacciapuoti F (2017) Hyper-Homocysteinemia and other Inherited Thrombophilic Factors Inducing Retinal Vein Occlusion. The Employment of Novel Orals Anti-Coagulants is Possible?. Int Arch Cardiovasc Dis 1:002. Received: June 19, 2017; Accepted: November 16, 2017; Published: November 18, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Cacciapuoti F. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.