Previous conceptual structure editors have focussed on providing specialised drawing tools. Although the drawing operations in these tools produce the appropriate notation, they can not directly support the language of conceptual structures. Authors are required to consider both the logistics of creating neat drawings, as well as their meaning. Logicians investigating new proof techniques are hampered when experimenting with operations on a representation that must be explicitly drawn. Researchers in various domains who want to produce customised interfaces with varying operational vocabularies are burdened by the task of coercing a drawing metaphor to include operational aspects. This work presents an approach to the conceptual structure editor that supports the underlying language directly. All drawing operations are direct implementations of theoretical operations. Direct manipulation of graphs through the interface conform to theory entailment. The architecture supports direct manipulation interfaces de ned in terms of the operations of the theory at several levels: (i) the author who declaratively adds knowledge to the system using the standard toolkit and inference operations; (ii) the logician who wishes to graphically experiment with new inference operations and proof techniques, and (iii) the application developer who wishes to customise the interface by limiting or extending access to a standard toolkit. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Dr Peter W. Eklund for his enthusiasm throughout this year. His active support, well-placed guidance, and willingness to allow me to exercise my intellectual curiosity has been the key to this work. To all my friends and family who have believed in and supported this year's work either through direct advice, support, or simply through the provision of a relaxing respite in a di cult year | thankyou. i


Design and Optimization of Sparse MMW synthesis aperture imaging array on hexagonal grids are researched in this paper. The arrangement of sparse array can be represented by configuration matrix. Using auto correlation matrix and cross correlation matrix of configuration matrix, distribution of sampling points in UV plane of hexagonal array is analyzed, and conditions for sampling points covering the whole UV plane are deduced. Then, the question is converted to design and optimization of a sparse rectangular array. With the virtue of full coverage and low redundancy, difference basis series are used to design hexagonal array, and a method to construct a optimized sparse hexagonal array is presented. Theoretical analysis and simulation show that the sampling points of the optimized hexagonal array can cover the UV plane without holes, and its redundancy is lower than that of a typical X style array.


Mumford worked toward "a decentralized, green vision for an aesthetically, politically and ecologically reconstructed urban and rural environment" (104). This tradition continues today in the form of Natural Systems Agriculture and the ecologically-oriented community planners commonly lumped together as the New Urbanists. This reader wished Minteer had more thoroughly explored the intersection of conservation with the cultural pluralism that civic pragmatists also championed. Rather than a defect of Minteer's research, however, that criticism suggests important directions for scholarship that builds from this important and timely book. Miami University Kevin C. Armitage


The present invention relates to a combination comprising an immediate release pellets and topiramate-release pellets of phentermine, pellets of the topiramate: a) pellet core cavity; wherein b) topiramate, binderless be an active agent layer is disposed on the surface of the pellet cores of the cavity, the active agent layer; c) a release coating layer comprising ethyl cellulose and PVP K30, arranged outside of the active agent layer is the, the release coating layer comprises, providing said combination. The present invention further discloses a process for the preparation of the combination.


Abstract The embedded atom method is extended to the h.c.p. metal Zr. The non-ideal c: α ratio and the elastic responses, including contributions from internal degrees of freedom, are incorporated in the fitting procedure: Simple functional forms are assumed for the pair interaction, atomic electron density and embedding function. The functions are parametrized by fitting to experimental data: cohesive energy, equilibrium lattice constants, single crystal elastic constants and vacancy formation energy. An equation of state of the form proposed by Rose, Smith, Guinea and Ferrante is used to reproduce the pressure dependence of the cohesive energy, taking into account the anisotropic elastic response of the crystal. Dimer data and a high energy sputtering potential are also reproduced to extend the range of validity of the potential into regions of very high and low electron density. Good agreement is obtained between the experimental and calculated properties. The potential is applied to the calculation of...


ABSTRACT In this article, I describe the 19th-century Finnish philosopher Johan Vilhelm Snellman's ideas about Bildung, and show how this concept provided another basis for cultural heritage, which diverges from how the term was used after the 1960s and 1970s. Bildung refers to the historically unfolding process in which humanity, nations, and individuals, through their own efforts, become what they are. It is the movement towards self-realisation. As parts of this process, immaterial and material objects become meaningful, human entities, and consequently the value of cultural phenomena is to be estimated on the basis of their contribution to Bildung. The Bildung tradition conceptualises cultural heritage in ways that avoid some of the present dichotomies and problems, but it also introduces complications of its own.


Minor corrections of, and observations about, two texts from the Oriental Institute: O.Medin.Habu (MH) 1269 (van Haelst 122 = LDAB 3132) and SB Kopt. 2.1054 (OIM inv. 30008).


In 1971 Vassily Afcouliotis bought two blocks of land on Ninety Mile Beach that were destined to be his 'slice of paradise', but within seven years his dream was broken and now he wants compensation.


Corrosion and fatigue loading would inevitably degrade bond between rebar and concrete. However, there were only a few related test results available, and confinement of rebar was different from case to case. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of corrosion and fatigue loading on bond behaviors between strong confined rebar and concrete. A total of 72 cube specimens with 13 target corrosion levels from 0% to 30% with a step of 2.5% were made and tested. Seven specimens were tested with monotonic pull‐out load. Sixty‐five specimens were tested with fatigue loads and divided into two groups according to corrosion level with two different loaded upper limits. Bond strength, corresponding slip value, residual slip value, and residual bond stress of tested specimens with different corrosion levels and stress levels are studied. Three typical failure modes were observed during fatigue loading processes: rebar fracture, bond fatigue failure, and pull‐out splitting failure, respectively. Test results indicated the residual slip continued to accumulate under fatigue load, and corrosion further increased the residual slip value. Specimens began to show bond fatigue failure when the actual stress level was >50%. The results of this study can provide reference for service life evaluation of reinforced concrete structures in coastal area under repeated loading.


Headquarters of Republic of Korea Forces in Vietnam(ROKF-V) established on its own radio station in 1965 and operated it during the Vietnam War. The name of radio station was "Korea Force Vietnam Network(KFVN). KFVN had been operated for more seven years from December, 1965 to February, 1973. KFVN had a significant meaning in terms of that KFVN was the first overseas Korean broadcasting system in the Korean broadcasting history. However, despite of those highly evaluation for the KFVN, the study of that topic had not been for a long time. This paper is the study of the KFVN during the Vietnam War. The purpose of this research is to examine KFVN"s main focus and process, and analyze of outcome of operations. KFVN had transmitted broadcasting of various programs of news, entertainment, music, and educational programs for the Republic of Korea Forces in Vietnam. And also it enhanced the morale of the soldiers, and performed psychological warfare toward ROK soldiers, South Vietnam"s peoples and the North Vietnam as well. During the operation time period of KFVN, it had three major achievements. Firstly, KFVN had contributed to ROK military soldiers"s morale during the Vietnam war. Secondly, KFVN played a important role in psychological warfare. KFVN also had improved Korean broadcasting technic and skills.


Ukraine belongs to regions with high population infected by virus HC. Among the latest trends, HC treatment search find drugs can modulate inflammatory responses and antiviral innate immunity to fight viral infections. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the drug Nuklex in the treatment of patients with HC and the optimal therapeutic dose. It was determined that usage of Nuklex for treatment of hepatitis C is accompanied by a rapid disappearance of the main clinical symptoms, improvement of health in the patients, supports normalization of cytolytic liver function in patients with minimal or moderate activity hepatitis. The isolate usage of Nuklex as the only antiviral drug for hepatitis C patients with low initial viral load HCV (


This raster dataset represents land-cover and woody vegetation formation designations for the United States and British Virgin Islands centered around the year 2000. The United States and British Virgin Islands are composed of six major islands and over 40 small islands and cays. Located in the Caribbean's Leeward Island chain, the region is situated between the Caribbean Sea to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the north. The major islands in the U.S. territory include St Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John in the southern region, while the dominant islands in the British territory include Tortola, Virgin Gorda and Anegada to the north. The center of the island region (18 20'N, 64 40'W) is approximately 30 km east of Puerto Rico and has a combined area of approximately 50,000 ha consisting of subdued to rugged topography with elevation ranging from just below sea level in some wetlands and mangrove swamps to over 500 m on Tortola. Citation: Kennaway, T., E. H. Helmer, M. A. Lefsky, T. A. Brandeis and K. R. Sherrill. 2008. Mapping land cover and estimating forest structure using satellite imagery and coarse resolution lidar in the Virgin Islands. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 2:023551, DOI:10.1117/1.3063939. (Freely downloadable at http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/). Woody vegetation formations on the islands are subtropical and include drought deciduous xeric coastal forest and shrub with succulents, evergreen coastal shrubland, deciduous, evergreen and mixed forest and shrubland with succulents, semi-deciduous, and seasonal evergreen forests. Pasture and young leguminous secondary forest and forest shrub formations are present at lower elevations where natural and human caused disturbance including sheep and grazing has occurred. Multi-part Landsat ETM+ scenes centered around the year 2000 that had been processed for cloud and cloud shadow elimination were classified using decision tree classification software. The classification techniques use decision tree software to classify 15m panchromatic sharpened Landsat satellite image bands and ancillary geospatial data. The approach also uses a technique to create image mosaics where alternate scene dates fill cloud and cloud shadowed areas in a year 2000 base scene after undergoing regression tree normalization. See Helmer and Ruefenacht 2005 for complete details. A multivariate error matrix accompanies the dataset calculating the overall percentage of correctly classified pixels for each mapped class, including statistics for producer and user's accuracy, variance and the simple kappa coefficient. The overall classification accuracy of 29 land-cover and woody vegetation classes is 72 % overall with a kappa coefficient of agreement of 0.76 ± 0.01.


Practical expressions are derived for evaluation of electrical and thermal conductivities and thermopower of degenerate electrons in the outer envelopes of neutron stars with magnetic fields. All tensor components of the kinetic coefficients are calculated (those related to conduction along and across magnetic field and to the Hall currents). The kinetic coefficients are presented as energy averages of expressions containing energy dependent effective relaxation times of two types, associated either with longitudinal or with transverse currents. The calculation is based on the effective scattering potential proposed in the previous paper (astro-ph/9903127), which describes the electron-ion and electron-phonon scattering, taking into account correlation effects in strongly coupled Coulomb liquid and multi-phonon scattering in Coulomb crystal, respectively. Analytic fitting formulae are devised for the effective relaxation times at arbitrary field strength. Basing on these results, we calculate the transport coefficients at various temperatures, densities, and magnetic fields pertinent to the neutron star envelopes.


Objective To explore the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the improvement of patients with cough,sputum and other clinical symptoms on the edge.Method From2010May-2012 year in May my courtyard outpatient and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with a total of 85 cases,85 cases were divided into the experimental group and the control group,the patients in the control group using conventional western medicine treatment methods,and the experimental group used a combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment methods.Results The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,cough,expectoration in patients improved,shortness of breath,breathing and wheezing and other clinical evidence on have obvious advantages.Conclusions The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine approach to the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can effectively improve patients with cough,sputum,shortness of breath,breathing,wheezing and other symptoms,rather than by simple western medicine therapy more beneficial to rehabilitation of patients.


In this paper,in order to improve the transplanting survival rate of the seedlings of Taxus chinensis var.mairei,its two-year-old seedlings were taken as the experimental materials to study their growth in soil of different moisture contents,and the leaf's relative water contents,relative conductivities,soluble carbohydrate contents,malondialdehyde(MDA) contents and changes of root vigor were measured.The results showed that the 45 % soil moisture content was the most suitable for the seedling growth,while drought or water logging had harmful influence on the survival rate of the seedlings.


Spin‐wave resonance in thin plates of sodium and potassium metals at 1.4°K have been observed at a frequency of 120 GHz. The spin waves have been studied by means of a microwave transmission technique with the d.c. magnetic field normal to the surface of the plate (H⇒ ∥ q⇒). These observations were made at a frequency twelve times higher than previous studies. Using samples about 3×10−3 cm in thickness we obtain sufficiently narrow resonances to permit their observation out to a wavevector of about 6000 cm−1. Within this range of wavevectors an accurately quadratic dispersion relation is found, ω = ωL + C∥VF2q2/ωL. The coefficient Cspar; is a measure of the strength of the spin correlations. Our observations give C∥ = −0.89 for sodium and −0.67 for potassium, values which differ somewhat from those obtained at the lower frequencies.


A 68-year-old woman with daily episodes of drugrefractory, symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) underwent isolation of ipsilateral pulmonary vein (PV) antra with 2 large continuous circular ablation lines (CCLs). She had no symptomatic atrial arrhythmias for a few weeks after the procedure, but then developed a sustained and highly symptomatic regular atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT). During a second ablation procedure while in this rhythm, the AT cycle length was constant (235 ms), activation along the coronary sinus was distal to proximal, and recovered conduction into the left PVs was identified. Overdrive pacing from the mitral isthmus is shown in Figure 1. What is the next step?


We describe the mathematical basis and organization of Crunch, a 1D shock-hydrodynamics code to analyze pulsed-power experiments at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The program uses finite-element methods that preserve stability during material collisions and shock convergence on axis. It handles coupled calculations of nonlinear magnetic diffusion to simulate imploding liners. These calculations may be driven by multiple current waveforms or a self-consistent current variation derived from a pulsed-power generator model. Crunch incorporates elastic material contributions and calculates element break and melt points. The primary goal in program development was effective use by experimentalists. Crunch is controlled by a streamlined script language and runs on standard personal computers. An interactive graphical postprocessor expedites analysis of results. To support the program we have assembled data resources in machine-independent format including Sesame equation-of-state tables, a material strength library and a library of temperature-dependent conductivities.


A method for the calculation of the field components of free electromagnetic oscillations in metal cavities of any shape is described with reference to Klystron resonators. Whereas in a previous paper a method for computing solutions of Laplace's equations was given, the present paper is concerned with the wave equation ?? + (?2/c2)?=0. Again, the differential equation is replaced by a system of difference equations, which in the case of free vibrations are homogeneous and soluble only for certain values of the parameter ?2/c2, the proper values. A method for finding the lowest value of ?2/c2 without solving a determinantal equation is described. The boundary of Klystron resonators contains sharp corners, often feather edges, which present a special problem. In order to obtain the necessary accuracy for the circuit parameters, with a reasonable amount of computation work, it is essential to take account of the analytic behaviour of the fields near sharp corners. This is done in a manner which is particularly well suited to the relaxation method of solution of the equations, and a great deal of computation work is thereby saved. Once the field components and the resonant frequency are found, the beam impedance and the damping constant are easily determined.


Many nonlinear Econometric models show evidence of weak identication, including many Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models, New Keynesian Phillips curve models, and models with forward-looking expectations. In this paper we consider minimum distance statistics and show that in a broad class of models the problem of testing under weak identication is closely related to the problem of testing a curved null in a nite-sample Gaussian model. Using the curvature of the model, we develop new nite-sample bounds on the distribution of Anderson-Rubin-type statistics, which we show can be used to detect weak identication and to construct tests robust to weak identication. We apply the new method to a small-scale DSGE model and show that it provides a signicant improvement over existing methods.


Spacer is a vital component in assembly of nuclear fuel rod bundles. It is used to support and maintain suitable distance between the rods in assembly of nuclear fuel bundle. Spacer promotes the local heat transfer in downstream to the spacer in rod bundle. The objective of present work is to analyse the spacer effects on thermal and hydraulic performance of R-134a at supercritical condition of pressure 4.5 MPa in an annular flow. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS Fluent has been used for present numerical analysis and SST (Shear Stress Transport) k-ω turbulence model was considered for turbulence flow analysis. Numerical analysis was carried out in an annular channel of 6 mm hydraulic diameter with spacer, located at middle of channel. Hydraulic and thermal performance due to the spacer have been investigated for three different mass flow rates (0.33175, 0.41469 and 0.53909 kg/s) and three different heat fluxes (60, 100 and 160 kW/m2 ). Two blockage ratios of 0.3 and 0.38 have been used in present analysis. Due to the presence of spacer as flow obstruction, it is observed that at spacer location, velocity increased significantly and subsequent decrease in pressure. Also; it is noticed that the wall temperature is decreased and corresponding coefficient of heat transfer enhanced significantly at the location of spacer in annular channel. The observed value of ratio of Nusselt number for the case of spacer and without spacer (Nu/Nu*) shows better agreement with correlations data for flow obstacle at Re=97000.


Abstract : The report develops supply functions for agricultural use in ten hydrologic study units in Utah by parametric linear programming. The shadow-price of imported water to each study unit was determined to show the possible economic consequence of interbasin transfer. In general, imported water is of little or no value if water presently being evaporated from Great Salt Lake is available for diversion upstream. A statewide linear programming allocation model was developed to meet projected requirements, subject to various hydrologic constraints and limits on diversions. The primary factor affecting interbasin transfer of Colorado River water is the degree to which evaporation occurs from Great Salt Lake. (Author)


Gestational diabetes (GD) is a disorder of glucose tolerance resulting in hyperglycemia first diagnosed during pregnancy. Its worldwide prevalence is estimated at 14% but varies regionally. In 2008, new diagnostic criteria were adopted, leading to an increase in diagnosed cases. Biomarkers could potentially serve as an alternative to the current diagnostic criteria in the future, enabling the realization of a universally applicable GD screening program. Risk factors associated with GD encompass a range of factors, including epigenetic factors, inadequate vitamin D levels, family history of diabetes, prediabetes, obesity, fetal death, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and advanced maternal age. GD can have consequences for maternal health, increasing the risk of hypertensive disorders, premature labor, cesarean delivery, metabolic disorders, and later type 2 diabetes. In children, it may be associated with macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, respiratory insufficiency, and hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care. Offspring born to mothers with GD face heightened susceptibility to childhood and adult obesity, alongside elevated cardiometabolic risk. The consequences and risk factors of GD are not fully understood to this day. Therefore, Additional research is warranted to gain a deeper comprehension of the pathophysiology underlying the disease and to ascertain efficacious preventive and therapeutic approaches. Nutritional therapy is often sufficient to achieve normoglycemia objectives. An individualized nutritional program is recommended, providing the necessary nutrients to promote maternal and infant health, attain optimal gestational weight gain and uphold glycemic regulation. However, in some cases, additional antidiabetic therapy is necessary. Insulin remains the most commonly used treatment, but metformin may be a safe and effective alternative. This still needs to be validated by in-depth studies leading to better evaluation of its long-term effects on offspring.


While many social observers feel that the military offers blacks better opportunities than do civilian institutions, the overwhelming majority of the 454 black soldiers sampled in this study either equate the two sectors or rate civilian institutions as superior. Both position in the military hierarchy (rank) and ideological orientation (separatist, pluralist, or assimilationist) provide some assistance in differentiating those soldiers more likely to cite the military as comparatively advantageous for blacks. The author, who is presently researching political socialization among college students and continuing analysis of the data upon which this article is based, was Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the University of Notre Dame last year.


"Digital India" commonly refers to an initiative of the Government of India, which includes three areas: digital infrastructure as a utility for all citizens, governance and services on demand, and digital empowerment of citizens. This paper broadens the concept of Digital India to an innovation system for the country's future growth. While the government initiative includes electronics manufacturing, it is too narrow, and too government-centric. Instead, digital technology can be a foundation for broad-based growth, taking advantage of ongoing innovations in hardware, and especially in software. The falling cost of computing, including processing, storage and communications, and devices that provide these functions, means that applications of digital technology no longer need to be restricted to the well-off. Inexpensive smartphones are an obvious example. This paper discusses the components of a possible successful innovation system for digital technology-based growth. These include digital infrastructure, both wired and wireless; basic education; basic and applied research; skilling; development of local language content and applications; and a start-up ecosystem. A digital technology innovation system extends beyond highly-skilled software engineers to include maintenance, repair and technical support for the hardware and software of digital infrastructure and applications. Basic education in a digitally-driven economy includes facility in using a variety of software applications. The paper also considers the impact of digitization on specific sectors such as education, health, agriculture, financial services, and retailing, as well as government. Government policies that may support Digital India as an innovation system are discussed, including tax incentives, spectrum allocation, and education policy.


Road extraction based on mathematic morphology is one of the most important issues in remote sensing image processing,and the selecting of the structure elements needs the human experience or experimental validity,which influences its stability and reduce its automatization.This paper combines mathematic morphology with the local Hop-Along algorithm.First,the image is preprocessed,the threshold is divided,and then the binary image is obtained.Secondly,the erode operator and reconstruction operator are used to obtain the main road network.At last,the local Hop-Along algorithm is adopted as the polyline fitting method to centerline the road network.The experiments in Matlab environment show that the presented algorithm can reduce the number of parameters,improve the efficiency and keep the superiority of mathematic morphology.


I. PRELIMINARY MATERIALS A. Research project objective. This proposed one year project will create a climate-focused WRESTORE framework for stakeholders in central Indiana. WRESTORE (Watershed REstoration using Spatio-Temporal Optimization of REsources) is a novel, interactive and participatory optimization framework that has been developed by the investigators of this project for the purpose of designing alternatives (or solutions, adaptation action plans, etc.) for watershed planning and management problems. In this project, we will continue to engage with partners and stakeholders at every step of the process and collaboratively achieve the proposed objectives: 1) Develop a multi-objective methodology for optimizing adaptation action plans based on conservation practices, in watersheds impacted by future hydrologic extremes, 2) Investigate the various learning, decision components, visual and informational user-interface display factors, and anticipation processes of stakeholders, and 3) Test and disseminate WRESTORE tool use for adaptation planning in a Midwestern watershed.


Deep silicon etching in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactor offers a high etch rate (7 μm/min), nearly vertical profile with simple oxide masking. Test structures with patterns of different sizes (from a few microns to over 100 μm) and shapes (square and circular holes and trenches of variable width/length) have been etched to depths up to 500 μm. Long narrow features are etched faster than wide short features, indicating the three-dimensional nature of the reactive ion etching lag. Experiments have been done for many different etch times in order to understand aspect ratio dependence of deep etching. Simple flow conductance model explains most of the observed aspect ratio and feature size dependence.


The invention discloses an anti-theft alarming lock capable of shooting pictures and sending information, which comprises a lock body, a bolt and a latch spring. The anti-theft alarming lock is characterized in that: the lock body is also provided with a processor, a shooting/alarming module, a data transmission module, a photoelectric detector, a human inductor and a vibration sensor; a marble pipeline of the lock body is provided with a through hole; the photoelectric detector is connected with the two ends of the through hole; the through hole can be sealed with the movement of marbles; a pressure sensor is arranged in the latch spring; the photoelectric detector, the human inductor, the vibration sensor and the pressure sensor are connected with the processor respectively; the processor controls the shooting/alarming module and the data transmission module to work; the shooting/alarming module is hidden on a door/window frame; and the data transmission module can transmit the pictures taken by the shooting/alarming module to user equipment through a wireless network. The anti-theft alarming lock is also characterized by comprising alarming and detection functions.


Service analytics studies the collection of business analytics models and tools for the improvement of IT service management processes. By analyzing related quality, cost, and productivity metrics, as well as customer interactions and social factors, organizations can effectively exploit these resources to reveal valuable insights in support of business goals, maximizing performance, quality of service, and customer satisfaction.


Objective: to study the pattern of brain strokes, the major risk factor, and the medical problems
associated with cerebrovascular accidents in Yemeni patients.
Patients and Methods: Retrospective hospital-based study conducted in Kuwait teaching hospital in
Sana'a, over a four-year period (1999-2003). All cases admitted with stroke were diagnosed by history
and clinical examination, and were then confirmed by investigation including CT scan as included in the
study.
Results: The mean age of stroke patients was 59.6 years with a 62.6% male-to-female predominance.
Among patients in the group aged above 45years, the most common stroke pattern was ischemic in 72%,
hemorrhagic in 25 %and was undetermined in 2.5%. The most common age for stroke was the middle
age group (15-44) years as the stroke was seen in 51.7% of them.
The major associated medical conditions were hypertension (HTN) in (68.3%), cardiac diseases that
account for 42.4% and diabetes mellitus (DM) in (24.4%). Hypertension was more common in the
hemorrhagic stroke presents; 82.6%, versus 61.6% in the ischemic group. Assessing the known risk
factors, smoking history was positive in 42% and hyperlipidemia in13.9%. QAT chewing habit was
positive in 43.4% of the patients. QAT chewing is known to be associated with hypertension.
The fatality rate was (24.2%) and it was higher in hemorrhagic stroke (28.8%), than ischemic stroke
(19.7%).
Conclusion: This is the first study about strokes in Yemeni population highlighting that younger age
sustained stroke when compared to other countries that have a predominance of ischemic over
hemorrhagic type. Hypertension is the most common associated factor observed and it was more
common in the hemorrhagic type. The ratio of associated diabetes and hyperlipidemia is low compared
elsewhere. Whether this is related to QAT chewing or not, the issue needs to be further studied.


The purpose of the study is to defining and assessment of the impact of the determinants affecting the development of entrepreneurship in Vojvodina's sustainable tourism. The empirical part of the study was conducted using the Survey method. The basic research instrument was a questionnaire. Its construct was based on the factor models of entrepreneurship, amended and adapted with item entries which can be deemed correspondent with particularities of the tourism environment of the AP of Vojvodina. The results indicate that the factors of Education and Partnership are the determinants with the strongest influence on the development of entrepreneurship in Vojvodina's sustainable tourism. Factors such as education and partnership are rated with the highest impact. Partnership, education, and cooperation between all interested stakeholders are a prerequisite for sustainable tourism in Vojvodina. © 2019 EA. All rights reserved.


A simple and versatile method was developed for the synthesis of alpha-aminoalkyl alpha'-halomethyl ketone derivatives, which are useful intermediates of protease inhibitors. It involves selective halogenation of the alpha-position on a beta-ketoester, which is prepared by cross-Claisen condensation using N-protected amino acid ester. The title compound is obtained in high yield after decarboxylation of the alpha-halo-beta-ketoester.


Privacy is most required in modern society. Encryption and decryption of data can be done in different ways. Public key cryptography is most widely used in real life applications such as e-banking, military applications, bit coin, IoT application (internet of things). Two major ways to implement public key cryptography is are RSA and Elliptic curve cryptography. An important operation in elliptic curve cryptography is scalar multiplication. There are several ways to implement scalar multiplication. In this paper we use Montgomery algorithm. Some design modification is made such that the system latency is reduced for scalar multiplication is reduced. This system is simulated in Xilinx ISE 14.7 and implemented in Sparten 6 FPGA. Keywords— IoT, FPGA, ECC, RSA


We present two coding techniques for reducing the power dissipation in deep sub-micron, parallel data buses. The techniques differ in their parameter values and are suitable in different scenarios. ...


Abstract. The composite section from ODP Site 846 has provided key data sets for Pliocene stable isotope and paleoclimatic time series. We document here errors in primary data sets for stable isotopes and alkenone-derived sea surface temperature estimates (SST) in the late Pliocene interval containing the M2 glaciation (ca. 3.250–3.3 Ma) by tying high resolution core measurements to a continuous downhole conductivity log. In addition, we provide new stable isotopic and alkenone measurements that correlate well to the revised splices of color reflectance and gamma ray attenuation porosity evaluator data. A new composite splice is proposed, along with composite isotope and alkenone time series that should be integrated into revised Pliocene paleoclimatic stacks.


With the development of information technology, E-business is the important way for enterprises to develop. But with more and more fierce competitiveness, the main problem which faced by the enterprise is how to take steps to keep the competitiveness. By setting up competitiveness evaluation model based on the discrete Hopfield neural network to help enterprise know the weakness and take steps to enhance the competitiveness. Firstly, the index systems which include 7 first level and 23 second level indexes established by investigation, the main indexes include basic resources, product advantages, price advantages, service capability, promotion capability, profitability, innovation and so on. Then build the evaluating model based on the discrete Hopfield neural network according to 20 enterprises. Through designing the ideal level evaluation and encoding ideal level evaluation index by Matlab, the analysis result can be achieved by Hopfield simulation. At last, a case study is used to test the model with the data of five customer to customer enterprises. Through the qualitative and quantitative evaluation, the enterprise can see which element or how many elements will affect the competitiveness, the weakness of competitiveness and clear direction to improve and enhance competitiveness.


Extracted from text ... 13
Book review - Boekresensie
Proceedings of a Symposium on Cheetahs as Game Ranch
Animals
Edited by B L Penzhorn
1998. South African Veterinary Association Wildlife Group, Onderstepoort, South Africa, 209 pp. Price R120.00 (R140.00
elsewhere if paid by bank draft in South African rand); US$ 40.00. ISBN 1-875088-10-5.
A symposium entitled 'Cheetahs as Game Ranch
Animals' was held at Onderstepoort on 23 and 24
October 1998 and the proceedings were made
available at registration through the kind sponsorship
of theDeWildt Cheetah andWildlife Centre.
As quoted in the Foreword, 'This symposium is a
further contribution ..


H He ea al lt th h S Sy ys st te em ms s T Tr ru us st t U Un ni iv ve er rs si it ty y o of f K Kw wa aZ Zu ul lu u N Na at ta al l N Na at ti io on na al l D De ep pa ar rt tm me en nt t o of f H He ea al lt th h The information contained in this publication may be freely distributed and reproduced,as long as the source is acknowledged, and it is used for non-commercial purposes I would like to extend my appreciation to the following for their contribution to this study: 1. Dr Stephen Knight for academic guidance, encouragement and support that led to the successful completion of this research project. and Nonkululeko Hadebe all were Environmental Health students from Mangosuthu Technikon who played a crucial role during data collection, as well as their lecturer Ms Anna Bigara for making them available. 5. All the informants who agreed to take part in the research from all public clinics in the iLembe District. 6. The District Health Manager Mr Sibongile Dube for creating a climate conducive for data collection. 7. Tonya Esterhuizen for help and guidance with the analysis of data. HCW health care waste HCGW health care general waste HCRW health care risk waste


Tests of cavern containment for nuclear power reactors are describsd. The effect of a major loss of coolant from a pressurized water reactor is investigated in a cavern whose walls are coated with an epoxy resin enamel. Results are shown for the thermal shock endurance of the enamel. The tighthess of the cavern walls under steam condensing conditions is tested. Tests on rapid pressure suppression by spray water are reported. The efficiency of spray water as a method for rapid temperature and pressure decrease is investigated. (auth)


Background. The adaptive immune system has been considered to play a minimal role in the early host response during bacterial meningitis. Methods. We investigated the progression and outcome of pneumococcal meningitis in Rag1−/− mice lacking functional B and T cells by assessing overall and symptom-free survival, bacteriological and histological studies, as well as flow cytometry and measurements of proinflammatory mediators. Results. The intracerebral injection of S. pneumoniae D39 induced the recruitment of B and T cells (CD4+, &ggr;&dgr; and natural killer) into the brain of wild-type mice. Mice with no functional B and T cells developed clinical symptoms and succumbed to the infection earlier than the wild-type group. In the CNS, Rag1−/− mice showed lower levels of interleukin 1&bgr;, reduced microglial proliferation, and impaired granulocyte recruitment with an earlier spread of pneumococci into the bloodstream, compared with wild-type mice. Lack of B and T cells resulted in a severe impairment of bacterial clearance in blood, spleen, and liver and an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response. Conclusions. B and T cells are important effector cells delaying the spread of pneumococci from the brain to the systemic circulation and shaping the immune response, thereby prolonging the survival of the host in the absence of antibiotic treatment.


Underdeveloped resource-rich regions (URRR) are typical regions with underdeveloped economy and abundant natural resources, particularly rich in mineral resources. In terms of sectors at prefecture, autonomous prefecture, city, and league levels, the authors developed an index system of regional development to define underdeveloped regions using the principal component analysis method, and then identified resource-rich regions using the method of location quotient. In this system, 70 regions where the region development index is larger than 200 and location quotient is over 70 are defined as URRR at prefecture, autonomous prefecture, city, and league levels. In general, URRRs are characterized by resources richness, economic backwardness, ecological vulnerability, environmental sensitivity, and social complexity. To that end, people are eager to get away from poverty and achieve prosperity as soon as possible. URRRs are primarily distributed across western China. Areas inhabited by minority and mountainous counties account for about 1/2 and 2/3 of URRRs, respectively. In environmental function regionalization, URRRs generally pertain to ecological frangible zones. In mineral resources functional division, URRRs are classified as energy resources- and mineral resources-rich regions and thus important strategic bases of exploitation and reserves of mineral resources. URRRs play a key role in economic functional division, resource functional division, ecological functional division, and territorial planning. URRRs are main regions of ensuring national resources security, key areas of sustaining national environmental security, important experimental areas of national sustainable development of economy and society, and experimental areas of resource and environment regulation of regional development. However, resource curse, which has been showed in some URRRs, has impeded the sustainability of economic development, social harmony and stability, ecological integrity, and reasonable resources exploitation. There is therefore an emergent need for URRRs to establish the resource curse early-warning system by jointly taking resource, ecological, and industrial measures to circumvent source curse and maintain sustainable development. Major emphasis on URRRs includes: 1) functional orientation of URRRs, 2) demand analysis of regional policy, 3) system verification and early warning of resource curse, and the path to circumvent resource curse, 4) management system innovation and design of resources and environment, and 5) analysis of structure, schema, and mechanisms of interest distribution of resources exploitation.


In this paper a new soft input - soft output (SISO) equalizer of linear complexity is developed. The algorithm can be used in the so-called Turbo equalization scheme as a low cost solution in place of the Maximum A-Posteriori (MAP) equalization algorithm which has a prohibitive complexity for most real world applications. The proposed equalizer consists of two parts, namely, a Soft Interference Canceller (SIC) and a pre-processing part which is a new Variable-Threshold Decision Feedback Equalizer (VTDFE). The role of the second part is to increase the amount of a-priori information supplied to the SIC. Simulation results have shown that the proposed turbo equalizer exhibits a superior performance as compared to the turbo equalization scheme based on the conventional SIC as well as other linear complexity SISO equalizers.


The connection between a successful inclusive educational program for students with severe disabilities and the context, specifically the school culture in which it functions, has received surprisinglylittle attention in the literature. This article presents a study of the culture of an urban elementary school that has succeeded in implementing and maintaining a model inclusion program. The authors found three underlying characteristics of the school's culture to be related to the success of its inclusion program: an inclusive leader, a broad vision of school community and shared language and values, which they argue combine to create what they term an inclusive school culture. The authors believe that fostering an inclusive culture within a school community can greatly contribute to the success of an inclusion program.


_ Abstract: The Machine Learning Working Party of the CAS identified one barrier to entry for actuaries interested in machine learning (ML) as being the fact that published research in an insurance context is sparse. The purpose of this paper is to provide references and descriptions of current research to act as a guide for actuaries interested in learning more about this field and for actuaries interested in advancing research in machine learning.


Within Western contemporary social thought, the claim that social acceleration is a key feature of the late-modern world has been widely circulated. A criticism of this argument is that it is often based on conjecture and hyperbole instead of on actual empirical evidence (Rosa and Scheuerman, 2009; Wajcman, 2008). A viable way to subject the social acceleration argument to a higher degree of empirical scrutiny is to deploy the sociological study of sleep as a key indicator. Such an insight builds upon research in the nascent sociological study of sleep, which has established how some developments in people's sleep lives may signal broader shifts in the socio-temporal order (e.g. Baxter and Kroll-Smith, 2005; Melbin, 1987; Williams, 2005, 2011). I contribute to this emerging body of literature by emphasizing the importance of being sufficiently precise and nuanced when sleep research is deployed as a measure of the social acceleration phenomenon. I appeal to Hartmut Rosa's theory of social acceleration (2003) as a way to advance a more explicit, multi-faceted and open-ended understanding of the social acceleration concept. Rosa's theory is unique because it identifies three distinct facets of the concept that can be empirically grounded. By undertaking an exploratory study of what evidence regarding people's sleep lives can be used to test these three facets, I find that this yields a more discontinuous and context-driven view of social acceleration.


This paper presents the diagnostic method of an integration system where both diagnosis system and monitoring system are combined. Knowledge base for...


A CASE which will be of interest to students of medical law, public law and human rights, North West Lancashire Health Authority v. A, D, & G [1999] Lloyd's Rep. Med. 399, concerned three transsexuals who wanted "sex-change" operations. The health authority's policy was to give low funding priority to procedures it considered of little or no clinical benefit; the authority would not fund "gender reassignment" except in cases of "overriding clinical need" or other exceptional circumstances, though it would fund psychotherapy.


Summary form only given. Bond graphs are of significant use in modelling systems which involve complex energy interchange mechanisms. For example, in mechanical engineering the coupling of rotational and translational energy sources is often complex to model and difficult to visualize. The complexity of modelling can be resolved in a number of ways (e.g. variational analysis). Bond graphing, however, permits the modeller to represent graphically the dynamic coupling between rotation and translation mechanisms. The example considered is the dynamical modelling of vehicle chassis systems. Typically, this topic involves translating suspension system components coupled to the rotational (roll, pitch) and translational (heave) modes of the chassis. The aim of this presentation is to illustrate the modelling of classic interactions of this type using bond graphs. The objective of the exercise is to device a dynamical simulation suitable for chassis control studies. >


In the past few months, guidelines have come up on the diagnosis and management of syncope, registry data on heart failure management in the US find many patients not getting guideline-based therapy, a nasal spray-based calcium channel blocker for arrhythmias, positron emission tomography scans for prosthetic valve endocarditis, radial artery graft patency, pharmacist-led blood pressure reduction, choice of beta-blockers for ventricular tachycardia storm, and no role for high-dose multivitamins.


The present study firstly conducted a series of cross-sectional experiments to a s s e s s two of the variables highlighted by previous research, i.e. instructions and the order of presentation of tasks. Children between four and eight years of age were asked to draw various cup and ball models while these variables were manipulated. By employing the novel procedure of measuring the amount of attention that the children paid towards the drawing models, it was possible to gain insight into underlying cognitive mechanisms. The research showed that intellectual and visual realism can be artificially induced by procedural changes that affect the amount of strategic attention that the child employs in a drawing task. Increased attention is associated with visual realism while reduced attention is associated with intellectual realism. This thesis therefore concludes that there are no distinct stages of development, but instead these are a by-product of strategic attentional processes. In order to place drawing in a broader cognitive context, a longitudinal study was then conducted which assessed drawing in relation to memory and selective attention. The developmental patterns of performance, strategy use and metacognitive awareness in the drawing task, were similar to those in the memory and selective attention tasks. This suggested that children have underlying abilities common to these three different cognitive areas. It was concluded that there is a need to a s s e s s drawing within the context of general cognitive development.


We numerically study a one-dimensional energy-conserving explicit model, in which classical electromagnetic fields interact with coarse-grained matter oscillators, to recover the physics of EM propagation in absorbing/dispersive/inhomogeneous dielectric media. Based on the Hamiltonian mechanics framework, we derive a generalized Hermitian eigenvalue problem and extract a countably finite/complete set of eigenmodes using the finite-difference method. The present approach provides a platform to perform the canonical quantization with mode decomposition in the presence of absorbing/dispersive/inhomogeneous dielectric media.


Carbon fiber composite material, CFC, plate-shaped and improved, which is exposed to a flow of particles that causes thermal flux on the affected surface, and protects the devices behind it against the destructive action of heat, such as thermal shield for bodies that are submerged with high speed in an atmosphere, or that move inside, or as armor for toric derailleurs of a tokamak or stelerator type fusion installation, where the composite material is formed by an arrangement of fibers / by a support fabric for pitch fibers, weaving and sewing fibers, which are included in a carbon matrix, and the pitch / carbon fibers run in the composite material in such a way that they are located perpendicularly with respect to the attacked surfaces, which are heated by the thermal flow of gaseous or plasma particles, from the thermonuclear plasma, characterized in that the knitting and sewing fibers are not arranged parallel to this heated surface, but are at an angle within the range of 0 °


Background: Many studies have been carried out to determine the effect of endometrial thickness on the success of implantation and pregnancy outcome, whereas cutoff value of thickness producing successful pregnancy and the factors affecting the endometrial thickness still need more studies. Objective: To investigate the effect of endometrial thickness on pregnancy outcome for IUI patients using different ovulation induction programs. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as randomized prospective study on 124 infertile couples considered for intrauterine insemination (IUI) during their attendance to High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and ART at ALNahrain University and Kamal Al-Samarai Hospital Center of Fertility and IVF and from private clinic of obstetric and gynecology through the period from September 2014 to May 2015. IUI programs were sequential regimen of Clomiphene citrate, Gonadotropin, Letrozol and Tamoxifen. Endometrial thickness measurement was assessed by ultrasound on the cycle day 12 before HCG administration. Correlation between endometrial thickness and factors such as age, number and size of dominant follicle, sperm quality and pregnancy rate were assessed. Results: The overall pregnancy rate was 16%. Mean of the endometrial thickness on the day before hCG administration was significantly greater in cycles where pregnancy was achieved (8.86 mm). World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 5.990 Volume 5, Issue 1, 62-76. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 Article Received on 06 Nov 2015, Revised on 27 Nov 2015, Accepted on 17 Dec 2015


In this note solutions for the Diophantine equation 3 v3 + 9 = 3 are sought along planes x + v + z = 3m, m E Z. This was done for Iml < 50000, and no new solutions were found.


BACKGROUND
Antioxidant peptides can scavenge excessive free radicals produced by the metabolism, main- tain a free radical balance and prevent aging and disease. Therefore, finding natural resources with strong antioxidant activity has become a new focus for research.

METHODS
Single-factor experiments were used to investigate the effects of various factors (hydrolysis temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S), ratio of compound protease (EAlcalase/Epapain) and time on the preparation of antioxidant peptides by compound protease (Alcalase and papain) hydrolysis of goat's milk casein. Then, a Plackett-Burman design was used to determine the sig- nificant factors for the preparation of antioxidant peptides by hydrolysis of goat's milk casein with compound protease.

RESULTS
The results of the single-factor experiments indicated that the highest anti-oxidative activity of pep- tides would be obtained at a hydrolysis temperature of 55°C, a pH of 7.5, a substrate concentration of 3.0%, an E/S of 4.0%, a ratio of compound protease of 1/3 and a hydrolysis time of 180 min.

CONCLUSIONS
The main factors affecting the activity of anti-oxidative peptides hydrolyzed from goat's milk casein with compound protease were determined by Plackett-Burman design and the results showed that temperature, E/S ratio and the ratio of compound protease had significant influences on the production of antioxidant peptides. This could provide a basis and reference for further optimization.


Scholarly views of the Alföld Linear Pottery Culture (ALPC) period have undergone enormous changes over the past 20 years. The conclusions that had been made in the 1960s, which had subsequently enjoyed a wide consensus, have had to confront their first serious revisions concerning the settlement structures. Up until the late 1980s, researchers believed that during the course of the ALPC period in the eastern half of the Carpathian Basin people lived in pit dwellings and in small settlements. Their data had for the most part been gathered from small-scale excavations, which meant that the reliability of the data available was well below the level considered acceptable today.1‒6 In hindsight one can say that the picture the scholars had of the neolithic settlements in question had been made up from tiny mosaiclike fragments and it was no wonder therefore that it was impossible to form an accurate picture of what they looked like. Furthermore, the archaeological techniques used at the time had barely changed in 30-40 years. The small quantity of data collected and the quality of this data, restricted academic debate to typological and chronological issues. The majority of such articles focused on ceramic finds, while research into the economy and the society of the time, or any attempts at understanding the more complex interrelationships existing within people's lives, were beyond the realistic capabilities of the discipline at the time. The origins of the analytical systems used during the course of such archaeological investigations dated back to the 1950s, the 1960s and indeed further and were based primarily on the diffusion and autochthon development models associated with O. Montelius and then VG Childe7 in which it was either the local indigenous populations or the migratory settlers who were considered of central importance in the neolithization process.7 One has to admit that the lack of data available allowed considerable leeway in the formation of individual opinions which meant one was always at the mercy of individual preconceptions. From the middle of the last century, due partly to the lack of data available and partly to the dominant ideology of the time (for the most part based on communistic principles, albeit set within the constraints of the nation state), there was a tendency in Central Europe for each localized study to claim the overriding importance of its own finds while at the same time putting forward an argument for a theory of neolithization in which the autonomous developments going on in the region concerned took precedence over any developments going on elsewhere. One needs to look no further than the terminology used to describe the geographical extents of such neolithic cultures, which hinder rather than help any attempt at understanding the processes that were actually at work. The ALPC came under a different name depending on whether one happened to be in eastern Hungary, eastern Slovakia or northern Transylvania and for each different term there was a slightly different set of defining characteristics.1,8‒10 In keeping with the consensus of the time the local Mesolithic population was given a central role in the emergence of this new culture too. In Hungary the ALPC was considered the legacy of that mesolithic ethnic group which, in contrast with the developed southern settlers of the Körös Culture, hung onto the territories of the Upper Tisza and only became neolithized gradually over a period of many centuries. It was seen to be a distinctive culture, considered slightly backward compared with that of the Körös Culture and one in which the mesolithic traditions (e.g. the pit dwellings) survived for a


We explore the global evidence of major health crisis potential impacts and the factors influencing the mental health outcomes among the population during the outbreak of COVID-19. Preparation measures for a COVID-19 focus on rapid quarantine of social isolation and economic concerns have risen metal health considerations that become an integrated part of the pandemic outbreak. This outbreak of novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is swayed an overall 213 countries, areas or territories, with over 2,921,439 confirmed cases and 203,289 confirmed deaths reported till 26 April 2020. This created a lot of strain and fear; fear of falling ill and dying of being infected leading to heightened levels of insurmountable psychological pressure. This scrutiny attempt to assess the widespread outbreaks of COVID-19 on mental health professionals, healthcare workers and general population in association with adverse mental health sequelae like generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive symptoms, insomnia, panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder, OCD, suicidal behavior, delirium, psychosis, harmful alcohol consumption, and drug use. There is a need for more evocative exploration to intensify awareness to address the potential psychological and behavioral risks that will remain elevated as long as the COVID-19 pandemic continues in the community. In conclusion, incessant surveillance of the subsyndromal mental health problems for outbreaks should be part of galvanized global action during the quarantine.


The synthesis of the title compound ([C28H22ClN2] ClO4) has been synthesized and its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction. The compound belongs to the monoclinic system,space group P21/n with a = 15.113(5), b = 8.616(3), c = 19.556(7)(°A), β = 92.562(7)°, Z = 4, V=2544(2)(°A)3, Mr= 521.38, Dc = 1.361 g/cm3, F(000) = 1080, μ = 0.293 mm-1, the final R = 0.0580and wR = 0.0788 (I > 2σ(I)). The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques. X-ray analysis revealed that there exist four ring planes of 10H-indolium,pyridinium, p-chlorophenyl and indolyl in the molecule, of which the pyridinium ring forms a conjugated system with the p-chlorophenyl plane. According to the molecular structure of the title compound, it is presumed that the synthetic reaction may undergo the processes of C-addition,cyclization and aromatization.


Diploma thesis describes the main types of environmental crime in the Czech republic. For each species describes the most common offenses and possibilities of protection and prevention. Next part describes individual laws that regulate this issues in Czech republic. The first section presents definition and legislation, the second section describes individual types of environmental criminality, their common offenses and the possibilities of prevention. The last section presents examples of new trends in environmental protection.


The vector problem of time-harmonic electromagnetic wave diffraction by a system of non-intersecting solid inhomogeneous bodies, infinitely thin perfectly conducting screens and wire antennas in the semi-classical formulation is considered. The original boundary value problem for Maxwell's equations is reduced to a new system of singular integral equations over the volume domains, the screen surfaces and antennas, that is, over compact domains of dimension 3, 2, and 1. To obtain the equations, the fields scattererd by the bodies and the screens were represented via volume and surface potentials, respectively. To solve the integral equations approximately, the Galerkin method is applied; basis functions on the body, the screens and antennas are introduced as well as formulas for matrix elements in Galerkin method. Combining potential theory and pseudodifferential calculus allowed to obtain results on solvability of new system of integro-differential equations, as well as to theoretically justify the Galerkin method. To solve the problem of diffraction by obstacles of complex shape, novel subhierarchical approach is applied.


The invention relates to a method for treating comprehensive galvanization wastewater, particularly relating to a technique reclaiming resources of precious metal and recycly utilizing treated and comprehensively discharged galvanization wastewater. The method for treating the galvanization wastewater in the invention is characterized in that the following steps are included: (1) treating the wastewater containing chromium; (2) treating the wastewater containing cyanogen; (3) mixing and treating clear liquid obtained during treating the wastewater containing chromium in step (1) and the wastewater containing the cyanogen during treating the wastewater containing the cyanogen in step (2); (4) leading the clear liquid obtained during mixing and treating in step (3) into a reclaiming clean water pond; (5) leading the concentrated solution in step (4) into a comprehensive regulating pond of wastewater. Through treated by the technique of the method for treating comprehensive galvanization wastewater, each index of water quality of obtained water can reach or exceed the Drinking Water Sanitary Standard (GB5749-2006); the water can be reused in galvanization workshops; the water production rate of the reused water can reach over 80 percent; useful metal ions can be reclaimed; the target of environment protection can be met; benefits can be generated at the same time; the production cost can be reduced.


Background: MBPP is used for evaluating fetal health and predicting fetal outcomes, which can help to minimize perinatal morbidity and death. It combines the non-stress test, an indicator of acute fetal hypoxia, with AFI, the second indicator of persistent fetal problems. Each patient has a non-stress test and an ultrasonic examination of liquor volume. A non-stress test that is reactive will reveal a healthy fetus. Hence, an attempt has been made to study the MBPP in high-risk pregnancies in predicting fetal outcome.
Methods: Hospital-based prospective clinical study on 200 high-risk pregnant women more than 37weeks of gestation are screened using a modified biophysical profile. High-risk factors in the study include Gestational Hypertension, Preeclampsia, IUGR, Post-term pregnancy, Oligohydramnios, PROM, and Anemia. The study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Narayana medical college and hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh.
Results: In the present study, a total of 200 patients, 76.0% had both (NST, AFI) normal, 5.0% had both (NST, AFI) abnormal, 10.0% had Normal in NST and abnormal in AFI, 9.0% had abnormal in NST, and normal in AFI. The individual association between NST and AFI with the neonatal outcomes ie., APGAR at 1 min and 5min have been studied and have been found to be statistically significant.
Conclusions: In the present study, we concluded that MBPP is an effective antepartum fetal surveillance test in high-risk pregnancies in predicting perinatal outcome.


We present a polaronic quantum optics approach for modelling electron-phonon scattering in semiconductor cavity-QED structures containing quantum dots. We demonstrate several applications of the theory and connect to a number of recent experiments.


The one clear insight which can be gleaned from the discussions of religious language by both theologians and philosophers is that its reference is to the transcendent. This is almost axiomatic in Philosophy of Religion nowadays, and we feel that the remarks of Milton's archangel to the first man are most appropriate when he insists that all the conceptions we have of God or of the spiritual world are but inadequate symbols. Though this view has a long history, it does not seem to have been at all general in antiquity. It may be said to have begun with Plato and then to have continued through later generations in Neo-Platonism till it mingled with the Christian tradition. We can see how easily such traditions were fused when we look at the fusion of Platonism and Judaism in Philo of Alexandria. This is how he expounds the Exodus passage where Moses is allowed to see the back, but not the face, of God: Everything which is subsequent to God the virtuous man may apprehend: God alone is inapprehensible. That is to say, God is not apprehensible by direct frontal approach—for such approach would imply God's being disclosed such as He is: but He is apprehensible through the Powers which are consequent upon His being; for those Powers do not present His being, nature, essence but only His existence from the resultant effects.


In order to evaluate the impact of different warhead shapes on the damage efficiency of semi armour piercing warhead effectively, four common semi armour piercing warhead models are established based on Solidworks, and the deck model is established with reference to the deck data of an aircraft carrier. And then the material setting and grid division are carried out based on Ansys so as to construct the explicit dynamic simulation model. The credibility of the model is verified based on the residual velocity theory after the model being established. Finally, based on the established model, the simulation research on the influence of warhead shape on vertical armour piercing ability is carried out. The results show that under the same velocity, the armour piercing ability of sharp oval and conical warheads are better and their residual velocity are higher.


In this study, elevation change and surface morphology of CookE2, one of the most active subglacial lakes in East Antarctica, were analyzed by using Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) and a newly adapted Time-Segmented Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (TS-PSInSAR) techniques. Firstly, several DInSAR pairs were used to study the surface morphology of the subglacial lake during the rapid discharge event in 2007 and the subsequent recharge in 2010 by using ALOS PALSAR data and the continuous recharge from 2018 to 2020 by using Sentinel-1 SAR data. For time-series observation from 2018 to 2020, however, simple integration of DInSAR deviates largely from the satellite altimeter data because errors from the horizontal flow of the surrounding ice field or atmospheric phase accumulate. Conventional PSInSAR deviates from the altimeter data if the LOS displacement exceeds 300 mm, i.e., approximately 1/4 of the slant range resolution of the Sentinel-1 SAR in Interferometric Wide-swath (IW) mode, during the time window. Therefore, a series of Time-Segmented PSInSAR with a 4-month time window could accurately distinguish 1.10 ± 0.01 m/year of highly linear (R2 = 0.99) surface rise rate of CookE2 and 0.63 m/year of horizontal deformation rate of the surrounding ice field from 2018 to 2020.


We present recent results on high-order micro-ring resonator transmission lines for photonic signal processing. These include the analysis of newly put forward structures for the control of the group delay and the realization of transmission filters.


The paper presents a new objective price assessment method that can be used to accept, reject or negotiate prices for construction works proposed by the contractor of construction works. The method can be used as part of an acquisition of a new construction and in claim negotiation process both in private or a public sector. Price assessment is an investor's tool for the assessment of price eligibility. It should be focussed on evaluation of direct construction costs and indirect costs of the contractor in order to establish whether the costs declared by the contractor are justified. This creates a negotiation leverage in the creation of a contract or creation of legal basis for negotiations regarding claim reimbursement which can be recognized in accordance with special contractual provisions. Price assessment is a very time consuming task, the presented method uses statistical tools to assess the contractor's price proposal by detailed analysis of main items on the budget, which are then treated as a population sample. Population mean of difference in contractor prices and price catalogue prices are then used to establish a confidence interval which can be used for hypothesis testing, i.e. drawing conclusions and further negotiations.


LBL-9741 ~I ~ Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Accelerator & Fusion Research Division Presented at the 1979 Isabelle Workshop, Upton, NY, July 16-27, 1979 A STUDY OF MICROWAVE INSTABILITIES BY MEANS OF A SQUARE-WELL POTENTIAL Kwang-Je Kim RECEIVED lAWRENCE BERKIilEY LABORATORY OCT 171979 September 1979 LIBRARY AND DOCUMENTS SECTION TWO-WEEK LOAN COpy - This is a Library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks. For a personal retention copy, call Tech. Info. Dioision, Ext. 6782 I Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-48


A power scaling (PS) scheme is examined in quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) systems with limited feedback. Here, a scaling factor is introduced for weighing the modulated symbols in the transmitter. The minimum Euclidean distance metric is exploited to select scaling factors for QSM systems. It is shown via simulation results that the proposed power scaling‐based quadrature spatial modulation systems provide better error performance than the conventional QSM with the limited feedback amount. Additionally, their error performance is compared with that of the PS‐assisted spatial modulation systems. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


In a two-way relay network (TWRN), the optimal joint relay selection (RS) and network coding (NC) (O-RS-NC) scheme, which searches all the relay combinations to select a best relay subset, requires high computational complexity and significant amount of feedback. To address this issue, two joint RS and NC (RS-NC) schemes, referred to as a joint single RS and NC (S-RS-NC) and a joint dual RS and NC (D-RS-NC), are proposed based on decode-and-forward (DF) protocol for error-prone TWRNs. Specifically, for the S-RS-NC scheme, a single relay is selected to minimize the sum bit error rate (BER) of the TWRN. The S-RS-NC scheme is simple to implement, but it suffers from a relatively large signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss compared to the O-RS-NC scheme. To reduce the SNR loss, a D-RS-NC scheme is proposed. In the D-RS-NC scheme, one or two relays are selected to minimize the sum BER of the network. Because the source and relay transmission powers (ES and ER) have different impacts on the equivalent SNR of the TWRN, the RS criterion is designed based on different ratios of ES and ER. BER lower-bounds for these schemes are derived and verified by simulations to be tight asymptotically. Both analytical and simulation results show that the proposed RS-NC schemes are superior to the conventional RS without NC scheme when 2ES>ER. In most practical applications, for example, a wireless sensor network, all the nodes transmit at the same power, where the proposed RS-NC schemes perform better than the conventional RS without NC scheme.


Abstract A large multi-ethnic hilltop village site, or grand ranchería, in the Hueco Mountains of southern New Mexioc and southwest Texas provides evidence of intercultural interaction during the late 1700s and earlier. Occupied by the Apache and renegade segments of the local nomadic groups of Plains origin, this site, with its 275 features, conveys the state of affairs that confronted these groups, and at the same time tests the accuracy of certain aspects of the historical record. Pressed by the southern and western advance of the Comanche and situated just beyond the reach of the Spaniards, these legendary nomads amassed in this southern stronghold. Complete with impressive stone walls and ramparts and aggregated for defense, this mountain retreat provides evidence of the occupants success against European and Native aggressors.


Connotative meanings are acquired in the process of derivation, or are inherited by the derivatives from original units. New active and productive suffixes -e, -o, -i lend colloquial emotive and evaluative connotation, that determines the place and sphere of using derivatives.Pejorative coloring prevails in derivatives alongside with unapproving, contemptuous, ironic, disparaging and unceremonious and other shades of meaning.


The study was conducted to develop a simple and cheap pH-sensitive color changing quality indicator by using crude extracts of purple leaf sandcherry (Prenus cistena) for chicken meat stored at 10±1 ºC temperature. Ethanol-acidic extracts of leaf containing Anthocyanins, changes its color due to structural change induced by alkaline pH. Developed indicator when attached inside the chicken meat packets during storage at 10±1° C , changed its color from pink-red to bluish-violet due to change of its pH. The efficiency of developed acid-base indicator as quality monitoring tool was judged by correlating its color change with changes in meat quality attributes viz., Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) and pH during storage period of 8 days. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) content of meat increased significantly (P<0.05) where as the pH increased (P<0.05) from 5.4 to 6.2 at the end of the storage. It was found that, the change in indicator color was highly correlating with the deteriorative changes in quality attributes of meat. The developed quality indicator was expected to provide a convenient mean to monitor quality of meat during storage at 10±1° C.


This master"s thesis is based on a method including interviews and a workshop performed at Autoliv Sweden AB  ́s production facility in Vårgårda. The method also includes a contrast study carried out at Scania, IAC and Saab, which all are distinguished companies in the field of standardized work instructions. Autoliv Sweden AB is a manufacturing company that produces safety systems for automotive manufactures around the world. In the production facility, standardized work instructions have been implemented. However, they are not put to correct use, resulting in a production output that varies. Operators perform work tasks differently and thereby do not follow standardized work instructions. The first reason for this is the nonfunctioning system when educating operators in new work task procedures. The second reason why standardized work instructions are not fully used is due to the limited follow-up concerning if operators work according to standardized work instructions. The third reason is because operators are not involved in the development of standardized work instructions which result in low motivation to work according to them. Autoliv Sweden AB wants to use a visualization system to facilitate for operators to practice their work tasks in a correct procedure at work stations. The use of a visualization system is discussed and evaluated in this master"s thesis as well as how to prevent the three reasons for not using standardized work instructions. This has resulted in this master"s thesis recommendations which will provide Autoliv Sweden AB with means to ensure that operators work according to standardized work instructions both today and in the future. The recommendations developed in this master"s thesis result in a training system for operators that are taught new work task procedures. They result in a system on how to perform follow-up regarding if standardized work instructions are used. They result in a new method on how to visualize standardized work instructions as well as a system that includes operators in the development of the standardized work instructions.


This paper analyzes the cause of cells fallen off into pleural effusion, and its effect on diagnosis of lung cancer. According to features of cancer cells in morphology and structure, the responding presentations in wavelet analysis and morphology are discussed. Some gray-scale features and gray-scale gradient features based on wavelet analysis, and some morphology features about edge intensity are presented. Based on these features a backpropagation neural network is constructed to recognize cancer cells fallen off into pleural effusion. Experimental results show that this method has a high recognition ratio.


Energy consumption in detection is a key objective for cognitive sensor network. Therefore, measuring the energy consumption is an important issue for efficient spectrum sensing. In order to compute the consumed energy at sensor nodes, their energy probability density function (PDF) is often required. In this article, the authors study the problem of spectrum sensing in cognitive networks and focus on strategies that can substantially affect the energy efficiency and complexity of such algorithms. In particular, they consider an energy detection mechanism in cooperative spectrum sensing where the knowledge of the energy PDF is the key. Since in practice the true value of such a PDF is unavailable, the authors propose to use non-gradient based optimization algorithms to find the parameters of approximated PDF function. In the proposed method, the corresponding PDF parameters are computed iteratively using Genetic and PSO algorithms. The numerical results show that the proposed technique outperforms prior methods.


Many adverse situations for parenting and healthy child development can be detected before a child's birth. The aim of this project was to develop and test an instrument to use in prenatal home visits, to improve the identification of adverse situations and care needs during pregnancy. The preSPARK is based on a valid and reliable broad-scope structured interview called SPARK (Structured Problem Analysis of Raising Kids). The preSPARK focuses on 12 topics ranging from aspects of the period before pregnancy to future parents' expectations. The preSPARK was tested in daily practice for feasibility and discriminative capacity. User experience was assessed from the perspective of the professional. In total, 64 home visits using the preSPARK were carried out by 21 nurses. About 24% of the expectant parents needed intensive help or immediate action on one or more topics. The risk assessment showed 29% of the participants were at high risk, 40% at increased risk, and 31% at low risk for future parenting and child developmental problems. The nurses indicated that the preSPARK provides a good structure for home visits and gives insight in interrelated factors. The preSPARK is feasible in daily practice and clarifies risks and care needs of expectant parents.


Complete two-photon break-up of He near threshold has been investigated by solving the time-dependent closing-coupling equations on a numerical lattice. We have obtained good agreement for the total double ionization cross-section with previous theoretical results. The triple-differential cross-sections exhibit interesting features as the two-photon energy approaches the threshold of double ionization. We found that two-electron ejection with equal energy sharing is most probable near the two-photon threshold, in contrast to the case away from threshold, where ejection with large unequal energy sharings is most probable.


From the point of view of public goods farmers'needed,the paper takes farmers'demands as a starting point,according to Keynes'absolute income hypothesis consumption function model and linearregression model of supply and demand balance theory of rural public goods,has regression analysis of demand preferences and supply situation,then proposes that the government should further strengthen functions of public finance,optimize investment structure,innovative investment and financing systems to improve the supply of quantity and quality of rural public goods of Hunan Province.


The performance of a multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) is not only dependent on the computational capabilities of on-chip processors but also depends on the communication medium connecting them. This has shifted the emphasis from computation to communication architectural design. In this paper, a dynamically reconfigurable network-on-chip (NoC) architecture has been proposed for reconfigurable MPSoC, as a solution to the increased communication needs, keeping low power, quality of service (QoS) and scalability of network in mind


Here, we describe a computational approach for studying enzymes that catalyze complex multi‐step reactions and apply it to Ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase–oxygenase (Rubisco), the enzyme that fixes atmospheric carbon dioxide within photosynthesis. In the 5‐step carboxylase reaction, the substrate Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate (RuBP) first binds Rubisco and undergoes enolization before binding the second substrate, CO2. Hydration of the RuBP.CO2 complex is followed by CC bond scission and stereospecific protonation. However, details of the roles and protonation states of active‐site residues, and sources of protons and water, remain highly speculative. Large‐scale computations on active‐site models provide a means to better understand this complex chemical mechanism. The computational protocol comprises a combination of hybrid semi‐empirical quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics within constrained molecular dynamics simulations, together with constrained gradient minimization calculations using density functional theory. Alternative pathways for hydration of the RuBP.CO2 complex and associated active‐site protonation networks and proton and water sources were investigated. The main findings from analysis of the resulting energetics advocate major revision to existing mechanisms such that: hydration takes place anti to the CO2; both hydration and CC bond scission require early protonation of CO2 in the RuBP.CO2 complex; CC bond scission and stereospecific protonation reactions are concerted and, effectively, there is only one stable intermediate, the C3‐gemdiolate complex. Our main conclusions for interpreting enzyme kinetic results are that the gemdiolate may represent the elusive Michaelis–Menten‐like complex corresponding to the empirical Km (=Kc) with turnover to product via bond scission concerted with stereospecific protonation consistent with the observed catalytic rate. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Friction stir processing demonstrated tremendous potential for improving mechanical properties and its success relies on the optimal level of process parameters that result in a flawless stir zone. The present study is an experimental investigation of performance characteristics peak temperature and microhardness on FSPed AA6082-T6. The experiments are designed using the Taguchi L16 orthogonal array by considering four different levels of rotational speed, traverse speed, shoulder diameter, and tilt angle. The grey relational analysis is used for multiple responses to optimise the FSP process parameters and analysis of variance is utilised to establish the relevance of parameters for these responses. According to the findings, the shoulder diameter and traverse speed are the most important determinants for peak temperature and microhardness. It is observed from the experimental analysis that the main reasons for defect formation are either excessive or inadequate heat generation. The multi-response optimal condition is attained at a rotating speed of 1400 rpm, transverse speed of 112 mm/min, shoulder diameter of 25 mm, and tilt angle of 1º.


Abstract New CCD photometric observations of SZ Her were obtained between February and May 2008. More than 1,100 times of minimum light spanning more than one century were used for the period analysis. We find that the orbital period of SZ Her has varied due to a combination of two periodic variations, with cycle lengths of P3 = 85.8 yr and P4 = 42.5 yr and semi-amplitudes of K3 = 0.013 days and K4 = 0.007 days, respectively. The most reasonable explanation for them is a pair of light-time-travel (LTT) effects driven by the existence of two M-type companions with minimum masses of M3 = 0.22 M⊙ and M4 = 0.19 M⊙, located at nearly 2:1 mean motion resonance. Then, SZ Her is a quadruple system and the 3rd and 4th components would stay in the stable orbital resonance.


Purpose of the study on human rights and protection of minorities is to understand the expectations of Turkey to the European Union. Content analysis method for the study. Results, written for regular progress reports by the European Union from Turkey groups, respectively. Work, 1998-2012 is limited to fourteen years between. According to the results expected, the introduction part of the report for the institutionalization of human rights, civil and political rights, the prevention of torture in the economic, social and cultural rights, gender equality section, minority rights and protection of minorities, the rights of IDPs3 are concentrated on the section


Inequalities in social circumstances can have profound effects on health and well-being. The impact of social inequalities on the health of young children and adults is well documented but less is understood about the adolescent population. While some studies have found there to be social inequalities in adolescent behavioural problems and psychological and emotional well-being (Starfield, 2002; McMunn et al, 2001; Ford et al, 1994), others have suggested little or no evidence for health inequalities during adolescence (West, 1997). This Briefing Paper examines one source of inequalities in young people's lives – that of family material affluence. It presents research findings for 11-15 year-olds from the 2002 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children: WHO Collaborative Cross-National Study (HBSC) in Scotland and compares findings from Europe and North America. A map and HBSC countries list are presented in the Technical Appendix where the survey methodology is also described. Socioeconomic inequalities are prevalent and increasing throughout the industrialised nations of the world (Vleminckx and Smeeding, 2001). The HBSC study gives a unique opportunity to examine the impact of this on young people's health across Europe and North America. This eleventh briefing paper in the series brings a focus to the Scottish data using a comparative perspective and summarises key parts of the International Report1 from the 2002 HBSC Survey (Currie et al, 2004). This paper examines associations between family affluence and aspects of adolescent health and well-being, including eating habits, physical activity, reported health and life satisfaction. The purpose of the paper is to increase knowledge and understanding of health inequalities among young people in Scotland; to provide evidence of inequalities for policy makers and practitioners; and to inform actions aimed at health improvement among adolescents.


Structured information (database contents, stock quotes, citations, etc.) is widely available on the Internet in HTML format. Examples of such information are stock quotes, financial data, time tables, customer records, etc. While the presentation of such information in HTML format is convenient for human users, information in this format is not particularly convenient for automatic processing because it contains a large amount of irrelevant information. Furthermore, the semantic meaning of different parts of an HTML document may be encoded in ways that do not correspond in a simple way to a structured representation of the data. A number of approaches have been taken to this problem in the past. One is to attempt to get content providers to present their information in a more structured format. In that approach, the information is itself transmitted in XML format from the server, together with formatting instructions, and the browser combines the structured information and the formatting instructions into a human-readable document. However, this is not very widespread yet because only a fraction of the browsers in use have the ability to perform the rendering. Furthermore, such an approach involves considerable changes to their software systems on the part of the content providers for no obvious benefit in most cases. An alternative approach to recovering the information is the manual creation of "screen scraping" software. To create such software, programmers examine the structure of the HTML representing data on a particular web site and hand-code instructions for extracting information from different parts of that structure. This requires both a significant amount of manual work, as well as considerable programming expertise. To address this difficulty, considerable efforts have directed at "wrapper induction", the automatic generation of procedures capable of extracting information from text (reviewed in [4]). Researchers in this area have come from the inductive machine learning and information retrieval community. As a result, they have tended to formulate the wrapper induction problem as a learning problem (training data for rule inference, followed by application data), and they have focused on rules for information extraction based on identifying delimiters of information or various forms of automata that recognize information to be extracted (e.g., [6, 5, 2]). While such systems have considerable generality and power (e.g., they might be able to extract information from plain text), they also have a number of limitations. For example, many information extraction needs are casual and ad hoc. That is, a user finds a number of web pages and would like to compare and extract the information contained in them in some convenient format. The user has neither the time nor the expertise to train and validate a "wrapper". Furthermore, generating rule-based or automata-based wrappers is a hard learning problem. The approach to information extraction from web pages taken in the work described in this paper is based on a view of information extraction analogous to document layout analysis in document images (e.g., OCR, handwritten forms). That is, like screen scraping methods, we take advantage of the structural information (the document object model, DOM, tree [7]) contained in web pages to locate relevant information. However, unlike screen scraping methods, the procedure is automated and identifies interesting or relevant information from a collection of web pages. Furthermore, it does not require separate training, validation, and application phases, but simply operates on a collection of pages.


In traditional classroom,student's discourse right was deprived by teacher's discourse hegemony, which makes the class lack of vigor and vitality. In the era of knowledge economy,IT technology shakes the teacher's authority as a knowledge provider;knowledge concept of postmodernism provides the teachers with a new point of view for themselves to reflect their own roles. Dialogue teaching is the key to weaken teacher 's discourse hegemony and ensure the realization of student's discourse right.


This paper describes a case study on the adoption of innovative technologies that enabled energy efficiency, reliability and extended the life of the India Software Lab's data center at IBM Bangalore. Essential to the transformation was the adoption of water cooling in nearly 50% of the data center including both at IT rack level and direct water cooling at the chip. The overall cooling architecture uses a high evaporator temperature, free-cooling chiller design to enable significant energy savings. The strategically designed ring plumbing architecture enables redundancy while allowing scalability with existing chilled water infrastructure reducing the dependency on perimeter cooling units which were reaching end of life conditions. The approach enabled a 48% increase in added IT equipment power capacity resulting in nearly 35,000 square feet of recovered data center foot print. The solution did this while increasing the data center infrastructure efficiency by over 15% and reducing the maximum data center temperature by nearly 10 degrees Celsius. To reduce the dependency on un-reliable power from the utility grid and expensive diesel generators, a photovoltaic-based high voltage direct current solar power system was implemented. The system used a unique multi-source power supply to enable intelligent, simultaneous access to grid power, solar power and backup battery power to supply 380 VDC power to IBM high-end servers. Using measurements of the solar power system output, and with government incentives, the solar power system shows a return-on-investment of less than 4 years.


Understanding the detailed structure and dynamics of hazardous compounds could lead to solutions to many long-term environmental problems. {copyright} {ital 1997 American Institute of Physics}


Most optimal control method aim at finding a control law to minimize the corresponding cost function, and the key problem is to solve the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation (HJBE). However, the solution of HJBE is hard and even unavailable to obtain for nonlinear system and, thus, the optimal control method can not be developed. To address this problem, an adaptive neural inverse optimal control method is proposed for nonlinear systems with external disturbances and actuator failures in this article. The cost function in this article is defined based on the controller and, therefore, once the controller is obtained, the corresponding cost function is minimized. Accordingly, the directly solution of HJBE is avoided. In more detail, the auxiliary system is constructed to develop the auxiliary controller, based on which the actual optimal fault-tolerant controller can be further obtained. The uncertainties in system dynamics are compensated by neural networks, and the unknown actuator failures are handled by adaptive control gain. It is proved that nonlinear system is input-to-state stabilizable (ISS) and the proposed controller can minimize the cost function that puts penalty on tracking error and system input. Two simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.


In this paper we describe an application of Volterra‐kind integral equations in the context of low‐energy electron‐molecule scattering. Particular case of e−−N2 process is investigated. We describe the interaction in the body frame fixed with the molecule (along the lines of the adiabatic theory approach) in an ab‐initio manner. Mathematically, we obtain a set of coupled second order ODEs which is transformed to equivalent set of integral equations solved by the means of Volterra propagator applied on a discrete radial mesh. We demonstrate that in this case we gain an efficient two‐step method open to parallelisation. Resulting physical quantities are compared with data available in literature.