Background: Since the definition of Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) in 2000, its in-hospital management is rapidly developing. There is only a few available data, though, to describe the long-term changes in clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes in "real world" unselected patients and provide a feedback regarding guideline implementation.
Methods and results: We conducted a retrospective data collection of all consecutive patients admitted to our clinic with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between 2000 and 2009 (Myocardial Infarction Registry Ludwigshafen- MIRLU). From the overall 6119 patients included, 2976 were diagnosed with NSTEMI (48.6%). The median age was 67.9 ± 11.9 years and 68.5% were men. 93.4% underwent coronary angiography, 60.6% of them received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and 4.8% immediate emergency bypass surgery. The rate of guideline adherent medical therapy was high at admission and at discharge. The most common in-hospital complications were post-infarction angina (4.4%), congestive heart failure (4.0%), cardiogenic shock (2.8%) and blood loss requiring transfusion (2.8%). Average in-hospital mortality was 4.2%. Over the period of ten years we observed an increase of 4.4 years in mean age (p for trend <0.01) and no changes in gender proportion (p=0.25). The rates of coronary angiography, PCI and stent implantation increased, while emergency bypass surgery rate declined (p<0.01). The complications' rate remained unchanged (p=0.13). In-hospital mortality showed no significant variation (p=0.71). In a multivariate analysis cardiogenic shock, moderately and severely impaired left ventricular function and increasing age were independent mortality predictors.
Conclusion: The observation of NSTEMI patients over 10 years showed an increase in mean age, rates of coronary angiography and PCI with stent implantation, while emergency bypass surgery declined. Administration rate of guideline adherent medical therapy was high. However, overall mortality remained unchanged. Cardiogenic shock, significantly reduced left ventricular function and increasing age were the strongest predictors of in-hospital mortality.


Aims: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) represents a major health problem. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl) and the non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C and reduced glutathione (GSH) with the marker of airflow obstruction (FEV 1% predicted) in COPD patients. Study Design: Case-control study.


When developing the complicated fault block reservoirs with low permeability,the optimal development strategy and program are needed to design in order to gain the best benefits.For the complicated fault block reservoir with multiple layers,the principle to divide and combine the layer series of development is that too much single layers can not be in one layer series of development,the interlayer difference is not too large and there are enough material basis for improving the production capacity.As the adjustment and subdivision of layer series of development,the main single layers in one layer series of development can not exceed three layers and the total single layers are five to eight layers or so.If well spacing is too small,the control degree of reserves and the connectivity of sand body are all low.If well spacing is too large,water breakthrough is quick.So the well spacing should be optimized.Aimed at the geological features of complicated fault block reservoir with multiple layers,it is better that the triangular pattern is selected and the upward development in groups is adopted.


AbstractBackground: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both industrialized and low income to middle-income countries. As atherosclerosis is the underlying cause for most of CAD, so identification of subclinical disease in the asymptomatic phase has emerged as a public health and economic imperative.Aim of Study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of carotid artery Doppler ultrasound and coronary artery calcium score as screening tools for atherosclerosis in patients who underwent CT coronary angiography for suspect-ed coronary artery disease.Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 30 patients (17 males and 13 females) with mean age of 58 years with atypical chest pain underwent Cardiac CT (CCT) and carotid Ultrasound (US) on the same day. Carotid artery atherosclerosis was evaluated by detection of Carotid Intimal Thickness (CIMT) & Carotid Plaque Score (CPS) then coro-nary arteries were evaluated by CCT. Coronary artery calcium score was obtained from axial non contrast cardiac CT and finally Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) was evaluated by Gensini score. The relation between both carotid artery Doppler findings & CACS and severity of coronary artery disease were detected.Results: There were significant association between carotid artery disease that was estimated by CIMT, CPS and Gensini score (p=0.045 & 0.004). There was also a significant associ-ation between CACS and Gensini score (p=0.039).Conclusion: Subclinical atherosclerosis as defined by CIMT, CPS and CACs can be simple, non-invasive yet sensi-tive risk-prediction tools to promptly identify those individuals at risk of CVD.


A mutual enhancement action between the ferro-/piezoelectric polarization and the photoluminescent performance of rare earth Pr3+ doped (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN) lead-free ceramics is reported. After Pr3+ doping, the KNN ceramics exhibit the maximum enhancement of ∼1.2 times in the ferroelectric remanent polarization strength and ∼1.25 times in the piezoelectric coefficient d33, respectively. Furthermore, after undergoing a ferro-/piezoelectric polarization treatment, the maximum enhancement of ∼1.3 times in photoluminescence (PL) was observed in the poled 0.3% Pr3+ doped sample. After the trivalent Pr3+ unequivalently substituting the univalent (K0.5Na0.5)+, A-sites ionic vacancies will occur to maintain charge neutrality, which may reduce the inner stress and ease the domain wall motions, yielding to the enhancement in ferro-/piezoelectric performance. The polarization-induced enhancement in PL is attributed to the decrease of crystal symmetry abound the Pr3+ ions after polarization. The dual-enhancement of...


The 2004 meeting of the Australasian Association of Philosophy will be held at the Great Barrier Reef resort at South Molle Island in the Whitsunday Passage, starting with the Presidential Address on the evening of Sunday July 4th, and running though to about lunchtime on Friday July 9th. The conference is open to philosophers from Australasia and anywhere else in the world. The resort can also accommodate persons accompanying those attending the conference. A meeting of the Australasian Association of Logic will be integrated into the conference. Meetings of other associations may also be integrated in the same way. General enquiries can be sent to the Conference Organising Committee at aap-2004@ unimelb.edu.au. Please consult that website for information about special conference accommodation prices. Details about the resort can be found at http://www.southmolleisland.com.au/


Through an historical analysis of different kind of technical and scientific documents, it has been determinate that environment and local population in Costa Rican Atlantic/Caribbean region, present different issues occasioned by uncontrolled operation of productive activities, evidenced by the existence of an unsustainable ecological metabolism that is affecting the regular reproductions systems of nature and society. Because of this fact, the local population is losing the access to important ecosystem's resources, such as drinkable water.


Advances in digital technology for the graphic and textual representation of manuscripts have not, until recently, been applied to the world's oldest manuscripts, cuneiform tablets. This is due in large part both to the three-dimensional nature of cuneiform tablets and to the complexity of the cuneiform script system. The Digital Hammurabi Project and the Initiative for Cuneiform Encoding announce success in encoding Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform in Unicode while also demonstrating advances in 3D scanning and visualization of cuneiform tablets, showcased by iClay, a cross-platform, Internet-deployable, Java applet that allows for the viewing and manipulation of 2D+ images of cuneiform tablets.


PROTOTYPE MANUFACTURING LIGHT TRAFFIC-FLOW USING AT89C51 MICROCON- TROLLER Christ Rully Deviardhy undergraduate program, Computer Science, 2008 Gunadarma University http://www.gunadarma.ac.id keywords : conditions, con- gestion, system abstract Congestion is the thing that we often face in the cities like Jakarta. Trac lights are one of the improvements made to overcome bottlenecks. However, the existing regulatory system has not been eectively manage and overcome the bottlenecks that occur. Based on the problem and by collecting data bottlenecks that occur, then designed a simulation tool setting system of trac lights has priority and can be adjusted to the time of the congestion. It works based on the electoral system. There are 3 (three) conditions that can be selected to suit the times of occurrence congestion. Keys of the condition was that serves to replace each condition In a trial series carried out by observing time on each conditions at each trac light. and obtained the resulting time can bebe adjustedto the time of the congestion ( queue of vehicles)


An assumed hybrid-stress finite element model together with a composite multilayer element are developed to study the buckling of generally laminated composite plates with arbitrary thickness and edge condition under an in-plane stress system. the assumed stress field satisfies the equilibrium conditions within each layer, the interlaminar traction reciprocity conditions, and stress-free boundary conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the laminate.


This paper investigates the changes in the structures of industrial networks that have occurred in the Asia-Pacific region in line with the rapid growth of the Chinese economy. Analyses using international input-output tables revealed that during the 1990s, there was a significant increase in the dependence of Asian countries' manufacturing industries, such as textiles and electronics, on China's industries, though industries in Japan and the United States remain important as the main suppliers of industries in Asian countries.


Objective To study the effect of gender and ages on predict blood and effect-site EC50 for propofol and remifentanil TCI and bispectral index at loss of consciousness and response to a standard noxious painful stimulus. Methods 405 ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱunpremedicated Chinese patients in 5 medical centers for elective operation were involved. Patients were allocated to 4 groups according to ages (group1: 18age30, group2: 30≤age40, group3: 40≤age50, group4: 50≤age65). The propofol was started a predict blood concentration of 1.2 mg/L delivered by Diprifusor, and increased by 0.3 mg/L every 30 s until patients lost their consciousness. After that, effect-site concentration of propofol kept constant and infused remifentanil a predict blood concentration of 2.0 μg/L and increased by 0.3 μg/L every 30 s until they lost response to a standard noxious stimulus. Bispectral index was measured. Probit regression was used to estimate population values for predicted blood and effect-site propofol and remifentanil concentrations at the two clinical end-points and BIS. Results The effect-site and the predict blood propofol concentrations EC50 of male and female were similar. The predict blood and effect-site propofol concentrations EC50 of younger were higher than that of older and BIS values were lower. The blood and effect-site remifentanil ancentrations EC50 at no response to painful stimulus of male and female were similar. The blood and effect-site remifentanil concentrations EC50 and BIS values at this point of each group were similar. 50% of male and female patients lost their consciousness at a BIS value with 54.0 and 59.0 respectively; and at loss of response to painful stimulus with 60.8 and 67.3 respectively. Conclusion Gender didn't affect the predicted propofol and remifentanil blood and effect-site concentration but affected the BIS values. The propofol concentrations of older were lower than that of younger. And that of remifentanil were not different between younger and older.


The increasing amount of projects developed in the field of social design, raises the need of assessment tools to account for the effectiveness of the intended, contrary to the actual results provided by such interventions. In this context, empowerment should be considered as one of the main expected outcomes, even if measuring people's empowerment response poses itself as a challenge. Nevertheless, if the analysis of social design outcomes is considered as the main focus of this assessment, the attention would be re-directed to more tangible elements susceptible of this kind of evaluation. In that sense, considerations like the psychological experience -of empowermentand its interaction with the more traditional results of any design process (e.g. new products, services or even business models) will become the subject under analysis. In an attempt to frame the concept of empowering outcomes in social design, a discussion about two design projects will be addressed, in order to explain how the proposed analysis framework works and its implications for future design practices.


Abstract : An ultraviolet beam (337.1 nanometers) from a pulsed nitrogen gas laser fired through a fluid containing a photochromic dye produces opaque traces in the fluid along the path of the laser beam. Subsequent movement of the fluid deforms the opaque traces and produces a record of the fluid flow. A high powered laser has been designed, built, and tested. Velocity distribution have been obtained in slowly forming droplets of solvent in an immiscible ambient fluid. (Author)


The zone of the ternary system Al 2 O 3 La 2 O 3 Cr 2 O 3 delimited by LaCrO 3 , LaAlO 3 , Al 2 O 3 and Cr 2 O 3 has been examined. The existence of an extended field of mixed crystals with rhombohedral symmetry LaAl 1-x Cr x O 3 (0≤x≤0.85) has been verified. On the other hand, for x > 0.85, the solids show XR diffraction spectrograms typical of the orthorhombic phase LaCrO 3 . It has been found a small isomorphous substitution of Al 3+ by Cr 3+ in the βalumina type phase, leading to the formation of the LaAl 11-x Cr x O 18 series (0≤x≤0.75); moreover, the existence of Al 2-x Cr x O3 (0≤x≤2) mixed crystals field has been confirmed. Finally it has been experimentally verified that catalytic systems formed by mechanical mixtures of LaCrO3 and Al 2 O 3 prepared anyhow (LaCrO 3 dispersed or supported on Al 2 O 3 ) result thermodynamically unstable whatever the composition.


With knowledge being a kind of capital,the changes in knowledge production bring about the transformation of innovation mechanism.The performances of regional innovation depend more and more on the interaction and the mobility and diffusion of knowledge among the university,the industry and the government.Universities grow into the organizer and core of regional innovation.The new-style University-Industry-Government relations are essential to promote regional competitiveness and they have practical significances to advancing endogenous innovation in China.


The question of identity is in vogue, in social theory, in the political practices, and for sure, in language studies. In many ways and under various approaches, it has been problematized. In this paper, we are especially interested in the relationship between identity and its representation as a discursive production. The identity refers to a set of own characteristics for those the subject is recognizable and known in society, while the subject is constructed by the speeches that forms itself. Thus, under the bias of Discourse Analysis and considering the perspective of Cultural Studies, we will observe the speech about the identity of genre in some strips of Muriel, a character created by Laertes, a cartoonist who in 2009 adopted the practice of crossdressing. The choice for this subject was mainly motivated by the current thematic aspects exposed in the strips, for mobilizing various discourses and discuss, through art and humor, a remarkable and controversial experience in our society. Our goal is to observe in which ways their strips reveal a need for exposure, information and affirmation about a certain identity practice, and from that, examine the discursive practices that constitute - and also contribute -  to an specific identity. We understand that Laertes' personal experience has motivated the discourse conveyed in his recent work. An expression and exposure about his identity that tells from himself and also to himself and from many people to many others.


vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY 1 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND / LITERATURE REVIEW 6 Introduction 6 Background 7 Evolution of Florida Water Law 9 Florida History 9 Florida Water Law 14 Literature Review 21 Water Conservation and Cultural Values 21 Cultural Models and Water Conservation 22 Environmental Values in American Culture 25 Cultural Models and Values 29 Cultural Models and Policy 31 Implications 33 Conclusion 34 Anthropologists on Water 35 Environmental Anthropology 39 What is an Environmentalist? 43


A method is given whereby the radii and refractive indices of the core and cladding of a step-index optical fibre can be determined uniquely from the backward-scattered pattern. The technique is based on the analysis of various rays that contribute to the formation of the back-scattered pattern.


This report provides statements of progress to 30 June 1979 for projects which have been assisted under the transport Planning and Research (Financial Assistance) Act 1977. Funds are made available to the states for use in planning and research in all areas of land transport, including roads, road safety, rail and urban transport, for assistance to the co-operative research programs of the Australian Road Research Board and the Australian Railway Research & Development Organization, and for areas of interface between land and other transport modes. (TRRL) angle and number of support nodes being the study variables.


The method of characteristics (MOC) is used to generate the flow field and inviscid wall contour of a minimum length nozzle (MLN) with a straight sonic line. The method is appropriate for accurate and economical generation of flow fields and preliminary designs. Two-dimensional planar and axisymmetric contours are calculated for an equilibrium gas using a two-characteristic method and a three-characteristic method. Results for the Lighthill ideal dissociating gas model are compared to a more sophisticated real gas model employing more developed energy partition functions. For the planar case both gas models and MOC schemes result in exit conditions that closely agree with those from the NASA CET89 thermoequilibrium code. Limitations of the MOC for computing axisymmetric MLN contours for an equilibrium gas are demonstrated. Variations in flow field properties and design parameters are investigated for the planar case.


The wealth of Sentinel‐1 data in eastern Tibet allows to discuss whether InSAR‐derived velocity maps measure ground motion in the ITRF reference frame with sufficient accuracy for large‐scale tectonic applications. High elevation, moderate relief and low vegetation cover in eastern Tibet ensure reliable multi‐temporal InSAR results. We automatically process seven 1,200 km long ascending and descending orbits, divided into 2 or 3 overlapping segments along‐track. Linear phase ramps in range and azimuth are removed from interferograms. The ramps and the flattened interferograms are separately inverted into time series and analyzed. The ramps are modeled by their Solid Earth Tides (SET) contribution, seasonal variations, and a trend in time. SET oscillations are clearly visible in the ramp time series. Seasonal tidal amplifications of probable atmospheric origin are also evidenced. Ramp rates are shown to precisely quantify the plate motion of each segment in the ITRF reference frame. They are thus added back to the velocity maps before along‐track merging. Then, a simple referencing procedure implying only a constant and a tilt in azimuth adjusted for each track is constrained by horizontal GNSS data. It allows straightforward vertical and horizontal decomposition. The quality of the merged and referenced data sets can then be quantitatively assessed at 1 mm/yr by the differences between InSAR and GNSS velocities and by the InSAR residuals on track overlaps. The vertical velocity field is dominated at first order by the effect of permafrost degradation, while the horizontal velocity highlights strain accumulation across major strike‐slip faults in eastern Tibet.


One of the most important advances in cellular biochemistry in recent years has been the identification of cyclic adenosine 3'3'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP or CAMP) as a key intermediate in many different responses to external stimuli. Beginning with the classic studies of Sutherland and his coworkers on the role of cAMP in hormone-stimulated glycogenolysis in liver,', cAMP has been implicated as a regulatory agent throughout much of the animal kingdom. Cyclic AMP is very widely distributed in eukaryotic cells. The most remarkable aspect of cAMP function is the diversity of seemingly unrelated intracellular processes it affects (reviewed in references 2-4). Among these are: (1) secretion; (2) cell differentiation and replication; (3) mobilization of stored carbohydrate and fat; (4) induction of protein synthesis; (5) cell aggregation and contact inhibition; (6) cell contractility and migration; (7) cell permeability; (8) nutrient transport; (9) membrane potential and neurohumoral transmission., Cyclic AMP levels are under the control of two enzymes, adenylate cyclase and cAMP phosphodiesterase. Adenylate cyclase generates cAMP from ATP by splitting off pyrophosphate and linking the 5' PO, group to the 3' hydroxy group of the ribose ring to produce a phosphodiester. Under ordinary circumstances this reaction is essentially irreversible. In most cells much or all of the adenylate cyclase is located in the plasma membrane, although there is now convincing evidence that other subcellular fractions can also contain this enzyme. Many polypeptide hormones appear to stimulate cells by interacting with a hormone receptor at the exterior of plasma membrane. The receptor is coupled to adenylate cyclase, and when hormone binding occurs the catalytic activity of the enzyme is altered. This changes the quantity of cAMP available to the cell, altering its intracellular metabolism. Cyclic AMP regulates intracellular metabolism by interacting with the regulatory subunits of a CAMPdependent protein kinase, an enzyme with two regulatory and two catalytic subunits (reviewed in references 5 and 6). When cAMP binding occurs, the regulatory subunits dissociate from the catalytic subunits and catalytic activity increases. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases catalyse the transfer of y PO, groups from ATP to aliphatic hydroxyl groups on acceptor proteins. Phosphorylation of the acceptor protein alters its catalytic or transport properties changing the metabolic activity of the cell. Cells also contain phosphoprotein phosphatases which dephosphorylate the phosphate acceptor proteins thereby reversing the activation. Some phosphoprotein phosphatases also appear to be affected by CAMP. Cells also contain CAMP-independent protein kinases; these


Abstract : This research examines the Federal agency source selection process within Federal contracting agencies by conducting an analysis of Federal Head Contract Authority (HCA) decisions to override the required statutory stay of contract award and performance, in accordance with the Competition in Contracting Act (CICA) of 1984, resulting from bid protests. This thesis includes an analysis of the Government Accounting Office (GAO) Comptroller General of the United States findings and independent research data with respect to Federal agency decisions concerning suspension of contract award and continued performance resulting from pre-award and post-award bid protests. This research evaluates the effectiveness of the Federal agency source selection process via an analysis of HCA and GAO decisions concerning suspensions of contract awards as a result of pre-award bid protests within the previous seven fiscal years. This research also evaluates HCA and GAO justifications for continued contract performance despite post-award bid protests within the previous seven fiscal years. The objectives are to determine if Federal contracting agency decisions are justified because of the source selection process being executed as designed, and to determine if agency judgments to continue performance are supporting the best needs of the Government.


Abstract : Several fractions have been extracted from the cell envelope of Neisseria meningitidis group B and characterized with regard to their morphology, antigenicity, protein composition, and toxicity. Cell membrane-enriched and cell wall- entriched fractions were obtained by the distruption with the French pressure cell of whole bacterial cells in a medium of low ionic strength and the subsequent separation of fragments of similar density on sucrose gradients. In addition, fractions have been extracted from the cell envelope based on the differential solubility of envelope proteins in the nonionic detergent, Trition X-100. The trition soluble fraction contains predominantly cytoplasmic membrane proteins and the Triton insoluble fraction contains cell wall proteins. The Triton insoluble fraction was further treated with Triton and EDTA to yield a fraction (Trition/Triton-EDTA insoluble) which still contains cell wall protein but which apparently has reduced lipopolysaccharide content. Sera from rabbits immunized with the various fractions formed precipitin lines in immunodiffusion studies. Preliminary toxicity data indicate that all fractions are contaminated with LPS, the Triton/Triton-EDTA insoluble fraction showing the lowest level of toxicity and consequently holding the most promise as an immunizing agent. (Modified author abstract)


Webpages tampering attack has become one of the most serious hazards to network security. Security measures of Website system were limited to install network layer protection devices, thus they could not provide effective monitoring and protection for illegal page tampering attack which making use of vulnerabilities of operating system. In this paper, we analyzed the research development of domestic and international Webpages tamper-resistant technologies, presented Website tamper-resistant technology system architecture of combining the third-generation anti-tampering technology with hardware device. We also established an integrated anti-tampering system that could actively detect attacks and dynamically defend tampering attack for Websites. Test results showed that the system could effectively prevent Webpages to be tampered, and could recovery real time in the event of tampering and alert administrators. It was proved that the deployment of this system would not result in a performance loss of Web server environment.


The physiological response to high‐level endurance exercise, such as running a marathon, poses several beneficial but also potentially harmful metabolic changes. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of marathon (M) and ultra‐marathon (UM) on inflammation and iron homeostasis in paired samples. Fifteen well‐trained, non‐professional endurance athletes (14 males, 1 female) performed both a 130 km ultra‐marathon and a traditional 42.195 km marathon. We determined markers of inflammation and iron homeostasis before, immediately after, and within 5 days after finishing each run, respectively. Biomarkers of inflammation (leucocytes, neutrophil granulocytes, monocytes, and c‐reactive protein [CRP]) increased significantly after both marathon and ultra‐marathon with higher levels of CRP after ultra‐marathon compared with marathon both immediately after the race (18.15 ± 12.41 vs 5.58 ± 9.65 mg/L, P < .001) and at follow‐up (15.67 ± 16.97 vs 7.19 ± 7.75 mg/L, P = .045) Concentrations of ferritin also increased significantly after both races and remained high at follow‐up. Higher levels of ferritin immediately after the race (111.5 ± 103.2 vs 84.8 ± 86.3, P = .001) and at follow‐up (102.7 ± 79.5 vs 74.6 ± 65.6, P = .001) were found in ultra‐marathon finishers. The observed increase of serum iron and transferrin saturation (TSAT) after marathon and the decrease of serum iron and TSAT after ultra‐marathon resulted in a significant absolute difference between the two races. The present data suggest a higher degree of inflammation after ultra‐marathon compared with marathon. Markers of iron homeostasis also showed different response patterns with regard to running distance.


In order to effectively improve the reliability of Mode S reply communication of integrated TCAS, the anti-interference analysis and design for the communication circuit and receiving process are provided in this paper. The algorithms of preamble detection, DF-authentication, confidence detection of bit are realized by state machines and counters which were written with VHDL to improve the fault-tolerance. Anti-interference analysis and design for filter, modulator, demodulator, amplifier and detector is also provided to improve the reliability of communication. Finally, the anti-interference design is tested by wireless communication experiment. The result indicates that the algorithms which realized with FPGA can detect and decode Model S reply signal accurately with a certain fault-tolerant ability; the rise/fall time of pulse is less then 50ns, the jitter amplitude of signal is less than 3dB which agrees with RTCA standards for Model S reply communication.


EDITOR—Ramsden et al found that there was no relation between general practitioners' confidence in the pharmacological efficacy of their prescriptions and the patients' expectations for prescriptions.1 They concluded that doctors are not pressurised into giving prescriptions they do not believe are of benefit. This contradicts our results, which were based …


The triazine moiety holds a special position in the field of medicinal chemistry owing to its vast biological and pharmacological potential. Over decades, the moiety has been investigated for developing molecules that may be used for treatment of a plethora of pathological conditions like inflammation, cancer, infections etc. A number of lead molecules have been developed from the triazine moiety. Fusion of triazine with other heterocyclic rings like imidazoles, pyrroles etc. have produced several bicyclic with biological actions. The wide spectrum of activities displayed by triazines, and the development of several commercial drugs containing triazines has made the interest of chemists worldwide grow over years in the moiety. In the present review, the commercially available molecules with triazine have been presented and an attempt has been made to compile the works reported, primarily in the last decade, by various researchers, related to the structural variations amongst the triazine derivatives presenting antimicrobial, anticancer and other bioactivities.

The objective of the present review was to summarize the recent reports on triazine and its analogs with respect to their biological potential.

The content of the review would be helpful to update the researchers working towards synthesis and designing of new molecules for treatment of several diseases with the recent molecules that have been produced from the triazine scaffold.


To cultivate all-round developed high-quality talents in hegher education,there must have a high-quality laboratory technical personnel team.This article analyzed the necessity of the cultivation of comprehensive quality of laboratory personnel and the quality they must have,and discussed the main methods and way to enhance the comprehensive quality of laboratory personnel.


Food safety is a essencial part of our daily life. Once there are some unsafe factors in it, the influence and danger will be quite serious. This paper analysises the factors which can lead to the problem of food safety, the speciality of food safety, emphasises the causes resulting in the problem of food safety, fianally puts forward the advices to solve those problems accordingly.


In the cooperative wireless networks, the source node transmits its packets to the destination in one hop with the cooperation from the helper nodes. We design a TDMA-based cooperative MAC which can determine the cooperative cooperation opportunity, to maximize the expected reward, taking into consideration the gain of cooperative communication and network coding that are received from all of its potential relaying nodes. This design is a more general version of cooperative retransmission to optimize the selection of the relay and packet transmission/retransmission, including a probability-based fractional compensation mechanism. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme performs better in terms of reward and fairness.


Regarding the digital resource services of university libraries under the COVID-19 pandemic as the research object, this paper aims to explore the digital resource service methods of university libraries under the circumstance of public health emergency and improve the service of university digital resources. Based on the practical research and theoretical analysis, this paper starts from the necessity and availability of innovating university library digital resource services, and discusses the innovation measures under the COVID-19 pandemic, including expanding the off-campus access to library digital resource, integrating and pushing digital resources, establishing mutual QQ groups for document delivery, and providing electronic teaching textbooks. These measures can provide some references for innovating digital resource services of university libraries when it comes to public health emergency.


Abstract A suggested form for the inhomogeneity found in certain thin films is a bilayer structure with a boundary layer of different refractive index from that of the main film. This boundary layer lies between the main film and the substrate. A simple formula is deduced to allow calculation of the index of this layer. For zinc sulphide the calculated results agree well with the possibility of the boundary layer being zinc oxide.


AbstrcatThis paper explicates how the Chinese quality workers can grasp opportunities in face of challenges under the situation of China joining WTO.It discusses mainly the new quality view,the new quality objective,the new techniques for quality improvement and the new task of quality worker.


The effort to take account of social norms represents the most sophisticated and productive response of microeconomic theorists to the attack on rational choice theory. Ultimately, however, it is an effort to repair the fairly obvious empirical defects of the theory rather than recognizing its real limitations. The basic limitation is that people respond to a wide and varied range of motivation beyond the desire to maximize their material self-interest. What makes rational choice theory seem plausible is that, in our society, material self-interest maximizing is one of people's most powerful motivations. Thus, the theory has great explanatory value for us, but that is not because it is a human universal. It is because it is a central element of our culture, and occupies the same place for us that the desire for honor, for salvation or for some other value has occupied for previous societies. This can be illustrated by three examples from other societies: the urban elite's withdrawal into rural villas in the Ancient Rome Empire, one of the main causes of the Empire's decline, the reconstruction of Chartres Cathedral in the thirteenth century after a disastrous fire destroyed its Romanesque predecessor, and the nasty and brutish life of the Ik tribe in modern Uganda, as recounted by Colin Turnbull. In each case, people's behaviors can be described in terms of rational theory, but the more plausible account is that they were motivated by essentially different considerations. The Roman elites were willing to leave the cities of the western Empire because the artificial character of these cities (in contrast to the Greek cities in the east) made them unable to secure the loyalty of their inhabitants. The citizens of Chartres were willing to devote effort and resources to rebuilding the Cathedral because of their intense religiosity and desire for salvation. The Ik suffer from a deep cultural malaise because their traditional lifestyle has been disrupted by modern political and economic developments. While material self-interest played some role in all these people's behaviors, it was not their primary motivation. It is often the primary motivation of people in our society, not because it is central to human nature but because it is the result of a long process of cultural development, specific to the Western world and not fully developed until the eighteenth century, that included urbanization, commercialization, secularization, and the Protestant Reformation.


In this letter, we analyze and develop the required basis for a precise grating design in a scheme based on two oppositely chirped fiber Bragg gratings, and apply it in several examples which are numerically simulated. We obtain the interesting result that the broader bandwidth of the reshaped pulse, the shorter gratings required


In the beginning is the body; way before the word. To be articulate, articulation starts in the body, the body-mind the cellular movement, the dance of the unconscious luminates through everyone.


As a result of the fusion of nationalities and cultures, American national spirit is formed on its natural and social conditions. Its main contents include the idea of freedom and the principles of individualism and equality,with pragmatism as the core value. American national spirit is characterized by dualities between the pragmatism and idealism, between plurality and unity, between end genesis and extraversion.


Segregated schooling in Florida was initially a concession to gain public acceptance of free public education. Its effects can be seen in the band programs of many high school bands. This study looks at the effects of segregation and integration on bands at black high schools in Jacksonville, Florida (Duval County Public Schools). Much of the story echoes the history of Tampa's desegregation, though Duval County's age, location, demographics, and politics helped shape a different story. The story of the bands' origins highlights some noteworthy directors, including the distinguished Kernaa D. McFarlin of the Stanton High School band. This study describes how the Stanton band would shatter prejudices about black schools by becoming the first black high school band to earn a Superior rating at state in a newly integrated Florida Bandmasters Association in 1966. Lawsuits compelled the district to integrate, though traditions and prejudices led to massive white flight from the public schools which continues today. The black student population became the majority demographic in 2006, and musical traditions reflecting those at many Historically Black Colleges and Universities are now the "tradition" at many formerly all-white high schools.


‐Large phytochrome immobilized via anti‐phytochrome immunoglobulin bound to Sepharose beads was irradiated to saturation with unpolarized far‐red light. The apparent absorbance level was recorded in a dual wavelength spectrophotometer with both measuring beams set to either 660 or 730 nm and polarized perpendicular to each other. The sample was then irradiated with red polarized light. The apparent change in absorbance obtained after this irradiation indicated that purified phytochrome could show linear dichroism. From the absorbance values obtained it was computed that the direction of the long‐wavelength transition moment changes by either 32 or 148o, when phytochrome is transformed from Pr to Pfr. Considering the model of Hahn and Song (1981) the latter value appears more likely. In light of these results, the conclusions drawn from in vivo experiments on action dichroism in Dryopteris (Etzold, 1965), Adiantum (Kadota et al., 1982) and Mougeoutia (Haupt. 1970), which point to a 90o rotation. should be reconsidered.


The selectable marker system based on the Escherichia coli phosphomannose
isomerase (pmi) gene was adapted for genetic transformation of oil palm. This system
makes use of the pmi gene that encodes phosphomannose isomerase, which converts
mannose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate and uses mannose as the selection agent.
This is to anticipate the future requirement of using non-antibiotic resistance genes for
the commercialization of transgenic oil palm. The use of antibiotic or herbicide-based
selection systems has caused much public concern due to inadequate knowledge of the
agents' impact on the environment and on human health. In this study, four
transformation vectors, namely pMI3, pMI11, pMI3G and pMI11G were constructed
for transforming oil palm. The pmi gene is driven by CaMV35S promoter in pMI3 and
pMI3G, and Ubi1 promoter in pMI11 and pMI11G. gusA gene was also included in the
pMI3G and pMI11G constructs. The gene constructs were transferred into oil palm
embryogenic calli via biolistic-mediated transformation. Bombarded calli were selected
on medium supplemented with mannose as a carbon source. Results from kill curve
experiment indicated that oil palm embryogenic callus have little or no PMI activity and
cannot utilize mannose as a carbon source. However, when calli were transformed with
a pmi gene, the PMI activity was greatly increased and they could utilize mannose
efficiently as carbon source. For early identification of transgenic events, histochemical
staining with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-s-D-glucuronide (X-Gluc) was used.
Transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR and the transgene expression was detected
using RT-PCR analysis. Transient expression results demonstrate that the Ubi1
promoter is more efficient than the CaMV35S promoter in oil palm embryogenic calli.
The insertion verification was confirmed with 98% homology observed to its
corresponding pmi gene from E. coli (Genbank accession no: M15380) via PCR direct
sequencing. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that mannose selection
system can be used for oil palm transformation. Potentially this will make transgenic oil
palm acceptable in the future.


The chaos based cryptographic algorithms have suggested some new and efficient ways to develop secure image encryption techniques. In the field of chaos, this paper proposed the technique based on pixel permutation by using chaos logistic map and linear congruential generator. To provide an efficient encryption of images, the proposed technique generates random numbers which are used as index for shuffling of rows, columns and pixels of an image. Several test images are used for inspecting the security of the proposed technique. The proposed technique is simulated using Matlab and the experimental results demonstrate that the encrypted images have good information entropy; the distribution of gray values of an encrypted image is uniform and the encrypted image provides less significant information. The experimental result gives good qualitative and quantitative analysis which shows that this technique is secure for image encryption.


PUTTI (1927) raised the question whether pathologic states within the lumbar intervertebral joints should be regarded as a common cause of low back pain. GUNTZ (1933/34) and LEUBNER (1936) demonstrated morphologically that arthrosis frequently occurs in these joints, their observations later being confirmed by INGELMARK (1959) and LEWIN (1964); GUNTZ (1933/34) and LAWRENCE et colI. (1964) described true arthritis of the joints. A reliable roentgen method of diagnosing pathologic changes in these joints is thus much to be desired. The lumbar intervertebral joints were investigated radiographically by several investigators during the 1920s and the 1930s (PUTT! 1927, DITTMAR 1929 a, b, HUBENY 1931, LYON 1933, GHORMLEY & KIRKLIN 1934, LANGE 1936, MORTON 1937, OPPENHEIMER 1938). Ptrrrr described the radiographic changes occurring in 'arthritis', although from his description he may equally well have meant arthrosis. The main interest of the other investigators as regards pathologic states was devoted to arthrosis. The main interest after the 1930s was directed towards the intervertebral discs. Unfortunately the spinal joints were then largely disregarded, so that


ABSTRACT Objective: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common injury that seriously threatens human health. NF-κB may be involved in the secondary injury of SCI that is mediated by inflammation and aggravates damage. Our study was aimed to investigate the role of NF-κB signaling in DUSP19-mediated cleaved Caspase-3 expression and the release of inflammatory factors in vivo and in vitro. Materials and Methods: DUSP19 mRNA expression and the content of IL-6 and IL-8 in patients with traumatic SCI (TSCI) were measured by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. The levels of p-NF-κBp65, NF-κBp65 and cleaved Caspase-3 expression and the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were measured by western blotting and ELISA, respectively. Results: Patients with TSCI showed lower DUSP19 expression and higher concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 compared with healthy controls. DUSP19 overexpression inhibited p-NF-κBp65 level, cleaved Caspase-3 expression, and production of IL-8 and IL-6 in the mice induced by TSCI. DUSP19 silencing increased p-NF-κBp65 level, cleaved Caspase-3 expression, and concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 in mouse primary microglia cells. DUSP19 overexpression had an inverse effect. Importantly, DUSP19 silencing and overexpression mediated p-NF-κBp65 level, cleaved Caspase-3 expression, and concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 in mouse primary microglia cells were reversed by NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and NF-κB activator 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), respectively. Conclusion: These results suggested that DUSP19-mediated SCI-induced apoptosis and inflammation via NF-κB signaling and might therefore serve as a potential therapeutic target for SCI.


Digitalization involves an increase in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in all areas of the economy and all domains of the functioning of a society. Technologies of this kind affect the level of competitiveness of economies. The aim of the article is to compare the levels of competitiveness of European Union countries in the field of information and communication technologies, on the basis of indices developed by international institutions.The European Commission, World Economic Forum and Eurostat databases were used for comparative analysis of economies. Synthetic indices, such as the 9th pillar of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI Pillar 9), the European Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and the Networked Readiness Index (NRI) were used to compare the levels of digitalization of the economies. The actual individual consumption (AIC) value was adopted as an indicator of the wealth of EU economies. Changes in single indices were analysed as follows: in the NRI in 2014–2016, in the GCI Pillar 9 in 2015–2017 and in the DESI in 2016–2018, while the multi-character classification of countries according to the three variables (the NRI, DESI and GCI Pillar 9) was performed for the year 2016. Ward's hierarchical method and non-hierarchical analysis of k-means clusters were used to this effect. The multiple regression model revealed relationships between the welfare level measured by the AIC and the level of digitalization. The NRI turned out to be the best predictor. The results of the analysis indicate that there are still differences between the 'old' and the 'new' EU countries in terms of the development of the ICT sector.


We consider cluster formation in a variety of contexts (i.e. globular clusters, open clusters and small N groups) examining the similarities and differences in the process in different environments and on different scales. We also highlight the most recent theoretical work on the subject, driven by the availability of detailed observations of clustering in nearby star forming regions.


The obesity is an abnormality or disease that with excessive accumulation of body fat tissue. The occurrence of Obesity is caused by many factors, including diet, lifestyle, culture, genetics, and the environment. Fast food, labor-saving equipment, and inactive work habits can make body fat. Obesogen is known as an important element of the cause of obesity. Obesogen is a substance present in the environment, due to the use of certain substances in the processing of foodstuffs and other necessities in meeting human needs, which affects the disturbances of the hormonal system to genetic disorders. There is a difference in levels of obese to phthalates in obese adolescents and not obese. Obesogen phthalate cause obesity in adolescent. The environment influences obesity through genetic disorders through epigenetic DNA methylation. In this study DNA methylation did not occur, but DNA mutations. The conclusion of this study is 1) All obesity and non obesity samples are exposed to phthalate low molecule and high molecule, 2) Phthalate exposure is relatively no different, 3) The junior high school children of Kediri had phthalate molecule low and high phthalate molecule, where the amount of exposure is relatively the same for both obese and non obesity children, men, and women, 4) Genetic changes occur in the form of mutations (not epigenetic methylation), where adolescent obese is obtained 2x from non-obese.


A charging method used for charging a power supply device by means of a solar panel includes the steps of sensing the intensity of sunshine received by the solar panel in real time and generating a corresponding light intensity signal, receiving the light intensity signal and judging whether the received light intensity signal reaches the maximum value, adjusting the sunshine receiving angle of the solar panel until the intensity of the sunshine received by the solar panel is maximum when the received light intensity signal does not reach the maximum value, and charging the power supply device by means of output voltage generated by the solar panel. The invention further provides an electronic device charged by means of the solar panel.


Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is one of the most common congenital heart malformations. It may be in the form of a congenital isolated cardiac abnormality or may be part of other complex cardiac malformations such as Fallot tetralogy, double outlet right ventricle, common arterial trunk etc. Intracardiac cell necrosis events, intracardiac blood flow disorders, cellular apoptosis abnormalities, and other events are incriminated in the development of the ventricular septal defect. Therefore, VSD can be found in all anomalies and syndromes. Regarding the natural evolution of this pathology, the size and location of the defect have an essential role.


AbstractDistributed hydrological models of energy and mass balance need as inputs many soil and vegetation parameters, which are usually difficult to define. This paper will try to approach this problem by performing a pixel to pixel calibration procedure of soil hydraulic and vegetation parameters based on satellite land surface temperature data as a complementary method to the traditional calibration with ground discharge measurements at river control cross sections. These analyses are performed for the upper Po River basin (Italy) closed at the river cross section of Ponte della Becca with a total catchment area of about 38 000 km2, for a calibration period from 2000 to 2003, and a validation period from 2004 to 2010. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature data and a distributed hydrological model, Flash-Flood Event-Based Spatially Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Transformation Energy Water Balance model (FEST-EWB), that solves the system of energy and mass balance e...


This article has made the preliminary discussion on the influence of natural disaster to the agricultural investment project.It Could consummate the agricultural investment project feasibility study,and provide a more scientific and accurate basis for the project decision.


In modern world, huge amount of data is common across all businesses which aim to unlock new economy from these sources. Hadoop was developed to analyze large scale data repository in a parallel computing architecture. The main task in this process is to handle this "Big Data" by applying proper strategies. So, present industry is focusing on the methods in which this "Big Data" can be used for their business growth. There's no suspicion that the setup of Data Lake on hadoop can provide a new way of analytics and intuition analysis. Beyond experimentations and POCs, today Hadoop is considered more into production. As we are moving towards the stage where Hadoop is considered for real-time production scenarios and major chunk of the production data is normally sensitive, or subject to many control measures, it becomes high priority to consider the security aspects in hadoop before deciding on Hadoop installation for any enterprise. This paper evaluates various issues in Hadoop ecosystem and its popular distributions by top big data players in the market. It further intends to investigate and compare the current security features being provided in those big data distributions along with other open source big data security solutions to help in building secure big data environment.


This paper presents the main parameters of fusion welding and Off-line analysis of PE-HD pipes. Inductive and resistant character changes in amplitude modulation waveforms of measured signal were observed by direct measurements of voltage and current at the coupler. At the beginning of measurement, device analyzed the scanned parameters for certain types of fittings and compared them with previously tested and measured parameters performed by welding machines. The time delay or "dead time" was observed as machines analyzed the parameters and dimensioned regulatory function of the system. Recording of welding parameters in the real time provided detailed information on the process of fusion welding. Thus, parameters for various coupler diameters, as well as the time dependence of welding could be obtained through the measuring interface.


1. In a multiple access system with time division (TDMA), having a plurality of time slots, the method comprising the steps of: tuned to the frequency of the system; ! are searching for the desired set of synchronization patterns at the frequency, and the desired set of synchronization patterns is mutually exclusive with the other synchronization patterns are used in the system; and! If one of the synchronization patterns belonging to the desired set of synchronization patterns are detected at the frequency synchronized with a time interval in which the synchronization pattern has been detected. ! 2. In a multiple access system with time division (TDMA), having a plurality of time slots, the method comprising the steps of: ascertain a first set of synchronization patterns associated with a desired timeslot and a second set of synchronization patterns associated with every other timeslot in TDMA system, the first set of synchronization patterns is mutually exclusive to the second set of synchronization patterns; ! prepared for transmission in the time interval; ! determining whether the current desired timeslot to timeslot TDMA system; ! if the timeslot is the current desired timeslot, selected synchronization pattern selected from the first set of synchronization patterns; otherwise selected synchronization pattern selected from the second set of synchronization patterns; and! packet is transmitted in the time


The onset of characteristic As2O3, As2O5, and Ga2O3 chemical shifts (Ch.Sh.) is detected by the line analysis of Ga 3d, As 3d, and O 1s spectra. Exposure of GaAs(111) surfaces to excited O2 produces Ga2O3, As2O5, and a small quantity of As2O3, preceded by the appearance of As and Ga suboxides (Ch.Sh.=2.6 and 1.34 eV). Subsequent electron bombardment in the absence of O2 transforms the As2O5 and As suboxide into As2O3 and metallic As. These experiments have allowed for the first time the isolation of the contribution of the As■O bond in the O 1s spectrum, which has been decomposed in α, β1, and a new β2 state, in addition to O(As■O). The β1 grows during pre‐ and oxidation stages and the β2 during the oxidation. The unitary dependence between As5+ and O■ allows the calibration of the O 1s components, and consequently the determination of the compositions for the oxide net and suboxides.


The invention relates to an external-use liniment of a pharmaceutical composition and a preparation method thereof, and specifically relates to a Sanhuang antipruritic liniment and its preparation method. Calculated by 1000 total weight account, the liniment provided by the invention comprises the following raw medicines of: by weight, 20-30 parts of sophora flavescens, 20-30 parts of rheum officinale, 20-30 parts of Baikal Skullcap Root, and 20-30 parts of Cortex Phellodendri. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps of: mixing the above raw medicines according to the above weight portions, crushing to fine powders, sieving through a sieve and mixing uniformly; adding 3-10 parts of fully swelled carboxymethylcellulose sodium, adding 5-15 parts of melted phenol, uniformly stirring, and adjusting the total amount to 1000 weight portions by adding water. The Sanhuang antipruritic liniment provided by the invention has functions of clearing heat, detoxifying, inducing astringency and relieving itching, can be used to treat skin diseases such as skin redness, hot itching and exudation in the acute phase due to the toxic heat of the skin, has not only a heat-clearing effect but also a convergence effect, and is suitable for various skin injuries with a few exudation in the acute phase; in addition, the Sanhuang antipruritic liniment is a pure traditional Chinese medicinal preparation, is safe to use with no stimulation, can be used for a long time, and has a low price.


The influence of temperature during reactive extrusion of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) on the molecular architecture and crystallization behavior was investigated for OO-(t-butyl) O-(2-ethylhexyl) peroxycarbonate-modified polymer. The long chain–branched PLLA (LCB-PLLA) content and its structure in the resulting slightly crosslinked PLLA (χ-PLLA) containing linear and LCB-PLLA were characterized by both analyses, size exclusion chromatography equipped with multiangle laser light scattering and rheological measurements. A reduction of LCB-PLLA content in χ-PLLA and an increase of number of branches in LCB-PLLA were found with increasing the extrusion temperature. An increase of extrusion temperature induces different process in the polymer: decrease of the lifetime of peroxide, increase of the radical concentration due to rapid peroxide decomposition rate, and increase of the chain diffusion to the amorphous phase. Among these indices, the lifetime of peroxide is a good index for crosslinking behavior of PLLA during extrusion. As for the isothermal crystallization behavior from the melt, the Avrami crystallization rate constant of χ-PLLA increases as an increase of LCB-PLLA content in χ-PLLA. This implies that LCB-PLLA acts as a nucleating agent for PLLA. Furthermore, regime analysis and the free energy of nucleus of χ-PLLA were investigated using Hoffman–Lauritzen theory. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012


In recent decades, posthumanism as a philosophy and theory has increasingly influenced research in the humanities and the social sciences. However, in folkloristics and ethnology, this approach has only started to gain wider attention. In the context of the International Society for Folk Narrative Research (ISFNR), for example, posthumanist approaches were discussed for the first time as a special topic at a conference arranged in Ragusa, Sicily, in 2018. A pioneer in this area, American folklorist Tok Thompson has paid attention to this gap in his extremely interesting book Posthuman Folklore, the first overview combining materials and ideas from folklore studies and the central ideas of posthumanism. As Thompson points out, posthumanist theoretization often covers two separate branches: first, the "animal turn" generated by latest research in ethology and animal studies, and second, the introduction of digital technologies, ranging from computer-mediated communication to artificial intelligences and cyborgs. The second branch of posthumanism is also called transhumanism, referring to cyborg studies, which were made famous by Donna Haraway and her Cyborg Manifesto (1987). When considering the critique of human enhancement through biological means, the name of Francis Fukuyama should also be remembered (Our Posthuman Future, 2002). Thompson's book follows this twofold division, with roads leading to the past and the future. It is important to deal with both: "The two ends of posthumanism are, at the end, tied back together in evolving notions of what it means to be human: what are we?" (p. xvi). In the first part, he explores recent findings in animal studies that question the binary between humans and animals, which has often been the starting point in humanistic research. Thompson argues that "folklore (and, indeed, culture in general) can no longer be considered the sole domain of Homo Sapiens, but rather must be viewed as shared inheritances with much of life on Earth" (p. 1). In the second part, he looks at the effects of digitalization on folklore, and especially discusses "cyborg identities" that are enabled by digital networks and different forms of artificial intelligence. Most of the chapters have been previously published as articles, but they have been slightly revised for the book.


This chapter presents a welfare economic analysis of the distributional consequences of growth, a problem that has attracted much attention from development economists of late. We shall explore the similarities and differences between the absolute income and poverty and relative inequality approaches for a general dualistic development model and for three stylized special cases. It will be shown that these approaches are not always in agreement and, more disturbingly, that the most notable discrepancy is found in the most relevant stylized model-growth via the transfer of population from a backward to an enlarging advanced sector. The fact of these discrepancies raises the important question of how to measure changing income distribution in a manner consistent with the judgments we wish to make about the alleviation of absolute poverty and changes in relative income inequality. A general welfare function is formulated to address these issues.


The mathematical models of the Switched Reluctance machine system integrating the state equation of the phase current with the two dimensions finite element model of the machine are advanced, no matter what the topologies of the main circuit of the power converter and the control strategies are adopted in the system. Based on the mathematical models, the comparison of the simulated and the tested results of a three-phase Switched Reluctance motor drive prototype system are given. The simulated results of the prototype tally with the tested results of the prototype. It is shown that the mathematical models have the advantage in high precision.


The thermal emittance and temporal response of a photocathode set an upper limit on the maximum achievable electron beam brightness from a photoemission electron source, or photoinjector. We present measurements of these parameters over a broad range of laser wavelength for two different negative electron affinity (NEA) photocathodes. The thermal emittance of NEA GaAs and GaAsP has been measured by two techniques—a measurement of the beam size downstream from a solenoid, whose strength was varied, and a double slit transmission measurement—for different laser spot sizes and shapes. The effect of space charge on the beam spot size allows a good estimation of the photoemission response time from these cathodes. Both cathodes show a subpicosecond response for laser wavelengths shorter than 520 nm.


In this work, a new porphyrin, the 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,6-difluoro-3-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato iron(III) chloride (denoted as FeTsP) was immobilized on SiO2/Al2O3 (SiAl) coated with n-propylpyridiniumsilsesquioxane polymer (SiPy+Cl−). The FeTsP was adsorbed on SiAl/SiPyCl by an ion exchange reaction, obtaining a modified solid, SiAl/SiPy/FeTsP, where the porphyrin complex was strongly adhered. Cyclic voltammograms of the SiAl/SiPy/FeTsP carbon paste electrode showed an irreversible response, with an oxidation peak at Epa=0.40 V and nondefined reduction peak at Epc=0.15 V (vs. SCE). These peaks were not observed for the nonmetallated porphyrin, indicating that they probably correspond to the Fe(III)/Fe(II) process. Studies made in solutions having different pH, (between pH 2 and 9) using the modified electrode showed that the peak potentials and the current density were not affect by pH changes, indicating that the iron porphyrin is very stable and strongly entrapped in the matrix. The modified electrode presented the property to electrocatalyze the eletrooxidation of hydrazine at 0.41 V (vs. SCE), at pH 7. The potentiality of the SiAl/SiPy/FeTsP electrode as a sensor for hydrazine was evaluated by the using the chronoamperometric technique. A linear response was obtained in the concentration range between 5×10−5 and 6×10−4 mol L−1 of hydrazine.


Rarefied gas flows in channels, pipes, and ducts with smooth surfaces are studied in a wide range of Knudsen number (Kn) at low Mach number (M) with the objective of developing simple, physics-based models. Such flows are encountered in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), in nanotechnology applications, and in low-pressure environments. A new general boundary condition that accounts for the reduced momentum and heat exchange with wall surfaces is proposed and its validity is investigated. It is shown that it is applicable in the entire Knudsen range and is second-order accurate in Kn in the slip flow regime. Based on this boundary condition, a universal scaling for the velocity profile is obtained, which is used to develop a unified model predicting mass flow rate and pressure distribution with reasonable accuracy for channel, pipe, and duct flows in the regime (0 Kn). A rarefaction coefficient is introduced into this two-parameter model to account for the increasingly reduced intermolecular collisions...


Presented at the Protections 2016: 2nd international seminar on dam protection against overtopping: concrete dams, embankment dams, levees, tailings dams held on 7th-9th September, 2016, at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The increasing demand for dam and levee safety and flood protection has motivated new research and advancements and a greater need for cost-effective measures in overtopping protection as a solution for overtopping concerns at levees and dams. This seminar will bring together leading experts from practice, research, development, and implementation for two days of knowledge exchange followed by a technical tour of the Colorado State University Hydraulic Laboratory with overtopping flume and wave simulator. This seminar will focus on: Critical issues related to levees and dams; New developments and advanced tools; Overtopping protection systems; System design and performance; Applications and innovative solutions; Case histories of overtopping events; Physical modeling techniques and recent studies; and Numerical modeling methods.


A significant challenge faces any ethic that endorses the view that divine commands are sufficient to impose moral obligations; in this paper, I focus on Kierkegaard's ethic, in particular. The challenge to be addressed is the "modernized" problem of Abraham, popularized especially by Fear and Trembling: the dilemma that an agent faces when a being claiming to be God issues a command to the agent that, by the agent's own lights, seems not to be the kind of command that a loving God would issue. Against a solution to this problem proposed by C. Stephen Evans in Kierkegaard's Ethic of Love, I argue that Kierkegaard regards this scenario as never actually resulting in a fully responsible agent's performance of some horrendous action on account of her non-culpable misinterpretation of God's will and/or failure to discern correctly whether a perceived moral imperative truly is divine in origin.


Temperature as an environmental factor has been a frequent subject of study, since it affects either directly or indirectly all living organisms. The determination of thermal limits (critical thermal minima - CTmin and maxima - CTmax) for the tropical ornamental freshwater teleost Xiphophorus maculatus Gunther, 1866 (platyfish) was performed after their acclimation to the following temperatures: 15, 20, 25, and 30oC, for seven days. After this period, the water temperature was elevated or reduced at a rate of 0.125oC/min until CTmax and CTmin could be determined as the temperature at which 50% of the animals had lost equilibrium. Mean values for CTmax and CTmin for the acclimation temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30oC were respectively: 39.8,39.8,40.4,41.5oC (CTmax), and 9.6, 12.8, 13.1, 16.0oC (CTmin). CTmax and CTmin for X. maculatus were thus affected by acclimation temperature. This tropical species is more heat- than cold- tolerant and would not resist the typical low winter temperatures of southern Brazil. Platyfish can adapt to natural environments in regions of mean annual temperatures around 20-25oC or be kept in aquaria with other ornamental species that accordingly prefer this temperature range.


BACKGROUND
Immediate/early prosthetic rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible with four or more implants for support of a fixed bridge is a well-documented procedure. Only a few studies have reported on the outcome of using three implants for this purpose.

AIM
To retrospectively analyze the clinical outcome when using three implants for support of an immediately loaded fixed bridge in the totally edentulous mandible.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In total, 132 patients (67 females and 65 males, mean age 62.6 years, range 35-85 years) treated with 396 implants (Brånemark System) over an 11-year period in one clinic were retrospectively analyzed with regard to implant survival. Implants with both machined and oxidized surface had been used. Eighty percent of the implants were 13 mm in length or longer. The permanent bridge with acrylic teeth was delivered to the patient the same day. The patients were re-called annually for clinical examinations.

RESULTS
All patients had been followed for at least 1 year, with the longest follow-up of 10 years and a mean follow-up of 5 years. Thirteen implant failures in 10 patients were experienced, all occurring during the first 12 months of loading. The overall survival rate was 96.7% for implants and 92.4% for original bridges. More machined than oxidized implants failed, 7% vs. 1.2%. Fourteen additional implants were placed at the time of removal of the failed implants when also the fixed bridge was adjusted on the same day. Thus, all patients received and maintained a fixed bridge, except for a few hours in the 10 failure cases when the bridges were adjusted.

CONCLUSIONS
This retrospective survival analysis shows that three implants can be used to support a fixed bridge for immediate loading in the edentulous mandible. The study indicated that oxidized implants were more successful than machined ones.


Abstract : ELECTRONIC FILE CHARACTERISTICS: 4 files; Adobe Acrobat (.PDF) and .MOV and .AVI videos. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 1 computer laser optical disc (CD-ROM); 4 3/4 in.; 14.7 MB. SYSTEMS DETAIL NOTE: IBM-clone PC-compatible. ABSTRACT: In this project, we studied the physiology of a class of visual neurons that we have labeled small target, movement detectors (STMDs), which respond selectively to small moving visual targets. In-vivo intracellular recordings were made in several model species (the hoverfly Eristalis tenax and the dragonflies Hemicordulia tau and Aeshna multicolor), while subject to moving visual displays. We found some STMD neurons are capable of responding selectively to small moving targets against moving cluttered backgrounds. We characterized the receptive field properties of a class of small-field STMDs that we labeled elementary small target movement detectors' (ESTMDs), which may be an early stage in a hierarchy of STMD processing. Models were developed for aspects of the processing performed by STMD neurons, and tested in simulations. In particular, a model for the ESTMD was developed and implemented in analog VLSI silicon.


Although expressive writing has proved to be beneficial on physical, mental, and social health of individuals, it has been restrained to lab-based experimental studies. In the real world, individuals may naturally engage with expressive writing when dealing with difficult times, especially when facing a tough health journey. Health blogging may serve as an easy-to-access method for self-therapy, if spontaneous expressive writing occurs. However, many posts may not be expressive enough to provide the therapeutic power. In this study, we build a Gaussian naive Bayes model to detect expressive writing in an online health community, CaringBridge. Because we lack full text data as training data, we use a method to learn model parameters from meta-analysis of the literature. The classifier reaches reasonable accuracy on the test set annotated by the authors. We also explore factors that may influence users' spontaneous expressive writing. We find gender, health condition, author type, and privacy settings can affect individuals' spontaneous expressive writing. Finally, we reflect on our methodology and results and provide design implications for online health communities.


The use of anatomical multiatlas methods has proven to be one of the most competitive techniques for brain images segmentation. The majority of these methods are based on visual criteria of similarity between groups of an atlas to select a representative patient image to be segmented. However, this criterion is not necessarily linked to the performance of the segmentation. To overcome this dilemma, we present in this article, a new concept of preselection of an anatomical atlas group, which is based on machine learning and using an adapted descriptor that can give an efficient and more precise segmentation of the patient image. The new descriptor, local texture statistical properties for matching descriptor with only affine registration, is adapted from the local texture of matching (LTEMA) descriptor. The proposed method is tested on real MRI brain images (LONI database provided by USC Neurological Imaging Laboratory), and show the capability and the effectiveness of the proposed local descriptor, it has been compared to three local descriptors: scale‐invariant feature transform, speed up robust feature, and LTEMA, as well as the comparison with the registration method. The obtained results show a significant improvement that makes this descriptor recommended for segmentation techniques.


On Saturday, September 15, 2007, eBay posted one of its most bizarre listings: Belgium was up for sale. "For Sale: Belgium, a Kingdom in three parts . . . free premium: the king and his court (costs not included)" read the ad, whose author later noted that there was also the small matter of the $300 billion national debt that the buyer would incur. ("Disgruntled Voter . . .") This mock auction, a creative expression of voter frustration, came just prior to the 100-day mark of the state's failure to form a government following the June 10 elections. This was only the most recent mockery that the Belgian public has endured. In December of 2006, a TV broadcast now known as the Belgian breakup hoax rocked the small country and reverberated in Belgian embassies around the world. State-owned Walloon broadcast company RTBF interrupted regular programming to air an elaborately crafted segment depicting Flemish nationalists and fleeing monarchs; for 30 minutes, viewers believed that Flanders had seceded and declared independence from Belgium and that the king and queen had fled. The Belgian national newspaper Le Soir followed up the following morning with the doomsday headline "Belgium Died Last Night." (Bilefsky) Widely believed and widely condemned following the clarification that the program was fictitious, RTBF claimed that the report was an attempt to stir up much needed debate regarding the future of Belgium. Troubling times are nothing new to Belgians, the latter term in itself a loaded one. Though it is common to anthropomorphize states and refer to them as singular entities, Belgium is more often metaphorically expressed in terms of a marriage, and not a happy one at that. As Robert Mnookin observed, "The nation's founding was . . . not a love match but an arranged marriage between spouses who had little in common" (p. 106), and ostensibly have even less in common today. Such conditions have led The Economist, among others, to assert that "a praline divorce is in order." ("Time to Call it a Day . . .")


This paper introduces a new structure-aware shape deformation technique. The key idea is to detect continuous and discrete regular patterns and ensure that these patterns are preserved during free-...


In this article the authors discuss the patient with borderline personality disorder, milieu issues, and an alternative therapeutic approach: a contingency contract developed to manage self-mutilating behavior in a cost-effective manner. This contract was created as a quality improvement project on a locked unit to decrease self-destructive behavior in the patient with borderline personality disorder. The goal was to assist patients in developing more adaptive coping mechanisms, resulting in decreased self-destructive behaviors. Since implementation in February 1992, there has been an 84% decrease in self-destructive behavior in patients with borderline personality disorder in the population.


There are about 80 million women who use oral contraceptives (OCs). Several studies have shown that cardiovascular risk is increased 5 times in women who smoke and use OCs. To verify whether smoking can influence the metabolism of OCs the authors observed 311 OC users, of whom 102 were smokers, and 209 were not. The subjects were grouped according to time since the last pill was taken, and the data were subjected to analysis of weight and age covariates. Plasma concentrations of norgestrel and ethinyl estradiol were measured in all patients. There were no significant differences in steroid plasmatic concentrations in the 2 groups, and it appears that weight, age, and time since last pill have little influence on steroid level. The plasmatic concentration of thiocyanate, which is an indicator of the importance of tobacco absorption, did not present any significant statistical correlation either with ethinyl estradiol or with norgestrel. It appears that contraceptive steroids fall in the group of drugs whose rate of metabolism is not altered by ciagarette smoking.


Having established the poem in the readers' minds in the previous chapter, Simonides, Part 2, introduces a seven-part structure that the rest of the reading will follow, addressing each of the arguments included in the poem, as well as how Socrates and Protagoras use the poem in their argumentation. This chapter treats the first two of the seven divisions, focusing on the "opening debate" that introduces the poem into the dialog.


Efficient modeling of power supply noises is crucial for a robust power supply design, especially with increase in the size of on-chip power grids due to emerging 3D chip integration technology. As the power grid is interconnected vertically by through-silicon vias (TSVs), operational currents required by each functional device in integrated circuits (ICs) are supplied through vertical power and ground TSVs, and horizontal power grids. Fast switching speed of the devices become complicated the accurate analysis of the worst case power supply noises. In this paper, a systematic modeling of on-chip power grids with decoupling capacitors - VNCAPs - used in TSV-based chip integration technology is presented using novel equivalent decap circuit model. The equivalent circuit model will be numerically validated and integrated into an efficient modeling for impedance profile of on-chip power grids and analysis of power supply noises in TSV-based 3D chip integration technology.


Infestations of black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel, in cornfields were evaluated during 3 years under various crop rotation, tillage, and weed management systems. All three factors significantly influenced black cutworm infestations and damage ( P = 0.05). Significant rotation × tillage, rotation × weed management, and tillage × weed management interactions were noted in at least 1 year. Corn following soybeans or wheat, reduced tillage, and the presence of weeds all contributed to black cutworm occurrence. Moldboard plowed plots had very little damage under any rotation.


Today, reciprocating internal combustion engines are used in many branches of the economy (power engineering, machine engineering, transportation, and others). In order for piston engines to meet stringent environmental and economic regulations, it is necessary to develop complex and accurate control systems for the physical processes in engine elements based on digital twins, machine learning, and artificial intelligence algorithms. This article is aimed at preparing and analysing experimental data on the gas dynamics and heat transfer of pulsating air flows in a piston engine's intake system for modelling and machine learning. The key studies were carried out on a full-scale model of a single-cylinder piston engine under dynamic conditions. Some experimental findings on the gas-dynamic and heat-exchange characteristics of the flows were obtained with the thermal anemometry method and a corresponding measuring system. The effects of the inlet channel diameter on the air flow, the intensity of turbulence, and the heat transfer coefficient of pulsating air flows in a piston engine's inlet system are shown. A mathematical description of the dependences of the turbulence intensity, heat transfer coefficient, and Nusselt number on operation factors (crankshaft speed, air flow velocity, Reynolds number) and the inlet channel's geometric dimensions are proposed. Based on the mathematical modelling of the thermodynamic cycle, the operational and environmental performance of a piston engine with intake systems containing channels with different diameters were assessed. The presented data could be useful for refining engineering calculations and mathematical models, as well as for developing digital twins and engine control systems.


For trace gases destroyed in the stratosphere, mass flux across the tropopause can substantially influence observed surface hemispheric differences (NH‐SH). Here, we quantify associations between observed stratospheric and tropospheric NH‐SH growth rate anomalies of CFC‐11, CFC‐12, and N2O. We employ a chemistry climate model along with satellite and global surface station observations. Our model explains 60% of observed N2O NH‐SH growth rate variability from 2005 to 2019, compared to 30% for CFC‐11% and 40% for CFC‐12, supporting evidence that unexpected anthropogenic emissions caused sustained positive NH‐SH anomalies in these CFCs from 2012 to 2017. Between 2012 and 2015, the observed CFC‐11 NH‐SH difference grew by 1.7 ppt; our model explains 0.5 ± 0.1 ppt of this growth, but not the duration. Our model suggests that in the absence of further emission anomalies, new NH‐SH positive tracer anomalies should have occurred in 2020, and predicts small negative anomalies in 2021.


An unusual 5-C-methylated-dihydrobenzofuroisocoumarin, named multifidarin A (1), and two new ent-kaurane diterpenoids, named multikauranes A (2) and B (3), together with three known ent-kaurane diterpenoids, were isolated from the whole plants of Pteris multifida. The structures of 1–3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxic activities of all new compounds were evaluated against five human tumor cell lines. A possible biosynthetic process for the formation of 1 is proposed.


Based on the national survey data for the elderly from 2000 to 2006,this paper made an analysis of the living arrangements and changes.The results turned out that living with children and grandchildren is also the main living arrangement,but its percentage is declining,meanwhile that of living with spouse only is rising.We also examined the living arrangements among different groups and the desired living arrangements of the elderly.


A life raft study was conducted from the CGC Evergreen in February 1978. Of the six life rafts tested, only one was seen capsizing. The Givens life raft suffered the most damage with both the canopy and ballast bag being destroyed. Leeway for life rafts with improved ballast systems was found to follow the equation U(life raft)=0.042 U(wind)+0.060. This type of life raft was noted to drift at a much slower rate when the canopy was not deployed. In over 80% of the cases the life rafts drifted within 45 degrees of the downwind direction. (Author)


Pollinators, including Bombus terrestris, are crucial for maintaining biodiversity in ecosystems and for agriculture. Deciphering their immune response under stress conditions is a key issue for protecting these populations. To assess this metric, we analyzed the B. terrestris hemolymph as an indicator of their immune status. Hemolymph analysis was carried out using mass spectrometry, MALDI molecular mass fingerprinting was used for its effectiveness in assessing the immune status, and high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to measure the impact of experimental bacterial infections on the "hemoproteome". By infecting with three different types of bacteria, we observed that B. terrestris reacts in a specific way to bacterial attacks. Indeed, bacteria impact survival and stimulate an immune response in infected individuals, visible through changes in the molecular composition of their hemolymph. The characterization and label-free quantification of proteins involved in specific signaling pathways in bumble bees by bottom-up proteomics revealed differences in protein expression between the non-experimentally infected and the infected bees. Our results highlight the alteration of pathways involved in immune and defense reactions, stress, and energetic metabolism. Lastly, we developed molecular signatures reflecting the health status of B. terrestris to pave the way for diagnosis/prognosis tools in response to environmental stress.


Synthesis of a new series of N,N ' -(Naphthalene-1,5-diyl)bis substituted sulfonamides 3(a-e) and N,N ' -(Naphthalene-1,5-diyl)bis substituted carbamates 5(a-e) were synthesized from 1,5-diamino naphthalene (1) using various pharmacologically active sulfonyl chlorides (2) and choloformates (4) in the presence of mild base. The chemical structures were characterized by IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR, mass and elemental analysis. The biological assay revealed that the compounds 3d, 5b exhibited high inhibition activity against anti bacterial and antifungal strains.


A definition of educational research is proposed: Educational research is a particular mode of social service, using rigorous scientific endeavours for the continuous improvement of educational practice. The key components of this definition are used to reflect on educational research in South Africa as (1) a particular mode of social service (with discussion of an ethical code for educational research and national educational research priorities), (2) scientific endeavour (with reference to the nature of educational research, dissertations, scientific articles and research programme reports), and (3) role players in the continuous improvement of educational practice (with reference to policy making and operational practice). It is evident that educational research in South Africa has a noteworthy record of national and regional impact. Present threats to its academic stature and praxiological impact can only be overcome by taking appropriate and timely research management action.


Background : The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented health care crisis with, disruptions in both
routine and emergency health care delivery and immense strain on health care resources . The clinical spectrum of
disease with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection is variable and ranges from an asymptomatic infection or mild
upper respiratory tract illness to severe viral pneumonia with respiratory failure and occasionally death. In a resourceconstrained environment with a high community burden of the disease and rapid point-of-care testing either
unavailable or showing negative results, CT has been used to rapidly triage patients into non COVID-19, possible
COVID-19, or most likely COVID-19 . As per the Fleischner Society consensus statement, CT is appropriate in certain
scenarios, including for patients who are at risk for and/or develop clinical worsening .The common chest CT findings of
COVID-19 are multiple ground glass opacity(most common), consolidation and interlobular septal thickening in both
lungs, which are mostly distributed under the pleura. The ground-glass opacities are usually peripherally located with
the lower lobes being commonly involved. Imaging differentiation is important for management and isolation purposes
and for appropriate disposition of patients . (1,7) The purpose of this article is to discuss the common presentations of
emergency department with ground glass opacities and to review the differential diagnosis of typical imaging
findings of COVID-19. Ground glass opacities appear in a variety of disease processes of emergenc Conclusion : y
department presentations . Not all presentations with GGO" s have SARS COV2 or Covid -19 viral pneumonia .


Ball Aerospace is leading an industry team that is developing, qualifying, integrating, and will be flying a demonstration mission of an ESPA-class propulsion subsystem using AF-M315E green propellant and a BCP-100 spacecraft. The project, called the Green Propellant Infusion Mission (GPIM), is in NASA's Technology Demonstration Mission (TDM) program office with Space Technology Mission Directorate's (STMD) programmatic and technology oversight being provided by NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). This paper provides an overview and status of the GPIM program including the advances in the propulsion system development, plus the expected increase in safety and performance, at a lower cost compared to the traditional propulsion. We also provide an overview of several secondary payloads being matured by Ball and its partners. Currently the GPIM space vehicle is completed, including the integration of the GPPS and SERB payloads with launch slated for September 2016 aboard Space-X's Falcon 2 Heavy for the Air Force's STP-2 mission. At the completion of a 60 days on-orbit demonstration, sufficient data will be developed to allow for infusion of AF-M315E as a hydrazine replacement for spacecraft attitude control and primary propulsion. A successful demonstration will bring this technology to TRL 9. Subsequent infusion of this green propellant based thrusters are expected to result in lower cost, increased safety and higher performance as compare to thrusters of this class currently used by the spacecraft industry.


In the Chinese digital sphere, the giants of BAT have a formidable presence. Representing the trio of Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent, the three companies dominate the internet space with over US$50 billion in sales collectively in 2016. As if the domestic market was not enough, Alibaba and Tencent have notably scoured the globe for acquisitions to widen their share of the market. From micro-blogging, e-commerce, and payment systems, the giants' appetites are insatiable. And growth momentum isn't slowing down. In 2016, Alibaba and Tencent registered remarkable upticks in sales by 56% and 48% respectively.


The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial
activity of unripe Carica papaya fruits. Agar well diffusion method
was employed to test antibacterial activity of C. papaya unripe fruit's
methanolic extract on human pathogens which causes nosocomial
infections. The methanolic extract exhibited significant dose dependent
antibacterial activity comparable to conventional antibiotic
(Streptomycin) used against clinically isolated pathogens. These results
suggest that the methanolic fraction of unripe C. papaya fruit, as a potential
source of natural antibacterial constitute. Further investigations are being
carried out in our laboratory to identify the active bio-ingredient(s) of
extract and establish the exact mechanism of action in order to explain
their therapeutic efficacy.


Abstract The aims of the present study are to represent the concept of restricted breeding values algebraically and to propose a criterion for evaluating the genetic responses achieved by using a restricted selection procedure. An additive genetic mixed model characterized by multiple traits with constraints was assumed. If the random errors approach zero and the fixed effects can be completely estimated correctly in the model, the restricted best linear unbiased predictor of breeding values (u R) is equal to [Iq−G0C0(C0′G0C0)−1C0′]⊗Iu, where G 0, C 0, and u are the additive genetic variance‐covariance matrix for the q traits, the matrix for restriction, and the vector of breeding values, respectively. Therefore, if we want to evaluate the response to restricted selection, such as by a stochastic computer simulation study with known breeding values, we can use u R as only one criterion.


With the go on the evolution of both computer and internet technology, videos, sounds, and scripts are used more and more often. It can be used in sundry techniques in ciphering and data concealing. The objective of this paper is leading to the suggestion of a new method of the combination between encryption and concealment of information so as to make it difficult to identify the transmitted datavia networks. This study has used two force secure (2FS) to encrypt the images, in other words, the SF is frequent twice on the image, to obtain powerful encryption then the concealing of the secret message is done inside the cryptography of the image has been performed using a secret key (cosine curve), and this stego-encryption image has been transformed forthe Internet of things storage in the database in IoT (data flow), when the user needs any information can be access inviaof internet of things (IoTs). The outcome of the proposed system is obtained tobe evaluated through different measures, such aspeak signal noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), entropy,correlation coefficient, and histogram. The proposed system is good, efficient, fast, has high security, robustness, and transparency.


Modern data on an urgent clinical problem — antibiotic-associated diarrhea — are summarized in the article. In development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea the main role is played by disturbances in microbiocenosis and immune response of the organism. Along with usage of metronidazole and vancomycin probiotics have great importance in treatment of these conditions. Probiotics also play a certain part in prevention of relapses and prophylaxis of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Complex approach to verification of antibioticassociated diarrhea and management of patients allows significant decreasing of prevalence and severity of possible complications.


With the collapse of health system reform efforts in Congress, all eyes are turning to the states and the private sector for leadership in reshaping our health care system. But there remains a critical role for the federal government in health care, particularly in research. In addition to the biomedical research that results in discoveries made at the National Institutes of Health, an equally important area involves finding ways to ensure that such discoveries are translated into interventions that work for patients. Health systems research—producing and disseminating scientific and policy-relevant information about the medical effectiveness, quality, and cost of health care—is the role of the AHCPR, which Congress created in 1989. This is the only federal agency charged with studying what actually works in real-world medical care settings and how much value Americans are getting for the hundreds of billions of dollars spent on health care each year. To physicians,


The present invention is a three-dimensional sequence as the data concerning the three-dimensional sequence data coding device and method based on principal component analysis techniques in order to efficiently compress, in a three-dimensional sequence data encoding apparatus based on a principal component analysis technique, specifically a three-dimensional sequence data singular value decomposer divide by value, and a main component, by using the singular values of the to the number of main components define the quantization step, and quantized to obtain the number of active ingredients used step determinator, wherein said quantization step, and the use according to the quantization of the 3-D sequence data a quantizer for performing, characterized in that it comprises an arithmetic encoder for encoding the quantized data from the quantizer. In the present invention, at the same time for determining differently the quantization step based on the importance of each main component (specific value) defines the number of main component to be used for coding, three-dimensional compressed sequence data efficiently to provide a compression method optimized in terms of the rate distortion this has the effect of.