Ethylene plays important roles in the regulation of a number of physiological and developmental processes, and is involved in flower opening and senescence of many species. Further researches have been demonstrating that 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACC synthase, ACS) is a key enzyme regulating the ethylene biosynthetic pathway. To clarify the function of PsACS1 in tree peony, we constructed the sense expression vector of PsACS1 and transferred it into Nicotiana tabacum. Total RNA from the petals of cut tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa 'Luoyang Hong') was obtained using the CTAB method. The full length cDNA of PsACS1 was cloned by PCR with primers added BamHI and SalI site sequence and transformed into pGM-T vector. After digestion with BamHI and SalI, PsACS1 was ligated with plant expression vector pBI121N in the sense way and the sense plant expression vetor pBIN-35S::PsACS1 was successfully constructed. Moreover, pBIN-35S::PsACS1 was transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 and then transformed into Nicotiana tabacum 'NC89' through leaf discs. The adventitious shoots and plants were obtained under the selection pressure of 100 mg/L kanamycin. PCR analysis confirmed that PsACS1 was successfully transferred into the genome of Nicotiana tabacum.


The rapid growth of the asset management sector over recent years has raised questions about the interaction between traditional banks and investment funds, as well as the drivers behind this trend. Our analysis contributes to this debate by shedding light on the implications of increased competition between the two sectors. We first examine how competition between banks and investment funds drives the risk profiles and market shares of these two sectors. In a second step, we assess whether and how capital requirements for banks influence the relative market shares of the two sectors, contributing to both the analysis of the drivers behind the structural developments in the euro area financial sector and the work on the evaluation of the impact of post-crisis reforms. JEL Classification: G21, G23, G28


This paper studies issues regarding topic modeling of information flow in multilingual news and blog streams. If someone wants to find differences in the topics of Japanese and Chinese news / blog, it is usually necessary for him/her to carefully watch every article in Japanese and Chinese news streams at every moment. In such a situation, topic models such as LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) and DTM (dynamic topic model) are quite effective in estimating distribution of topics over a document collection such as articles in a news / blog stream. Based on the results of estimating distribution of topics in Japanese / Chinese news streams, this paper proposes how to analyze cross-lingual alignment of topics in time series Japanese / Chinese news streams. This paper also proposes how to analyze differences of concerns and opinions among various Chinese news sites as well as blog hosts.


The cause of sport news in our country is developing vigorously and taking on a unprecedented new look based on the development of these years and present conditions of sport and news,this paper tried to make a summary on the new features and value of sport news in China in the new historical period.


We review the recent experiments investigating the behavior of the electron‐positron field in strong external electromagnetic fields. In particular, the search for spontaneous positron creation in superheavy collision systems is discussed. A striking new result emerging from this search is the observation of narrow peaked structures in the positron spectra whose origin cannot be associated with the established dynamic mechanisms of positron production involving Coulomb trajectories only. The possibility that these peaks may be signatures for the spontaneous decay of the vacuum and for the formation of metastable giant nuclear complexes is considered in the context of recent experimental results.


The present research has to base the joint custody study, checking its compatibility with the best interest of children´s principle. With the enactment of Law n. 13,058/ 2014, which gave character obligation to joint custody, led to huge disagreement among scholars, to mention that the interaction time between parents and children must be balanced, referring to confusion with alternating custody, harmful to offspring. Thus, the chosen method was deductive, which held a review of the literature on the Law of Families and especially the Institute of parental authority and joint custody.


Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus (OLP) to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is controversial. C‐MYC is a proto‐oncogene involved in various solid tumours, including OSCC.


In the extensive terrain of catalytic procedures for the synthesis of organic molecules, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as heterogenous catalysts have been investigated in a variety of chemical processes, including Friedel–Crafts reactions, condensation reactions, oxidations, and coupling reactions, and utilized owing to their specific properties such as high porosity, tuneability, extraordinary catalytic activity, and recyclability. The eminent copper-tailored MOF materials can be exceptionally dynamic and regioselective catalysts for click reactions (1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction). Considering the fact that Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions can be catalyzed by several other copper catalysts such as Cu (II)-β-cyclodextrin, Cu(OAc)2, Fe3O4@SiO2, picolinimidoamide–Cu(II) complex, and Cu(II) porphyrin graphene, the properties of sorption and reusability, as well as the high density of copper-MOFs, open an efficient and robust pathway for regimented catalysis of this reaction. This review provides a comprehensive description and analysis of the relevant literature on the utilization of Cu-MOFs as catalysts for CuAAC 'click' reactions published in the past decade.


Extracted from text ... LOCAL GOVERNMENT BULLETIN
15
Changing municipal
boundaries
The Municipal Demarcation MDB (MDB) is entrusted with the often-difficult task of
demarcating municipal boundaries. Disputes around cross-boundary municipalities and
the changing of municipal boundaries have recently been the focus of violent protests by
communities affected by these decisions. The recent string of court decisions on the issue
is an indicator of the extent to which these processes affect communities at grassroots level.
The MDB recently published a proposal about the incorporation of the Paarl, Wellington,
Stellenbosch and Drakenstein municipalities into the Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality.
The notice attracted much attention in the ..


Recent literature in the compensation space has focused on variables that correspond to CEO incentives, including inside debt, overconfidence, and the CEO pay slice. This paper looks at the most recent time when all of this data is available, beginning from 2006 to 2013. An in-depth analysis of theories the literature has already been provided, but this study considers all three together and includes interactions in order to remove potential omitted variable bias in previous studies. The argument of the paper is omitted variable bias in previous studies has occurred since overconfidence is not considered in inside debt and CEO pay slice studies, inside debt is not considered in overconfidence and CEO pay slice studies, and the CEO pay slice is not considered in overconfidence and inside debt studies. To ensure this study can be performed, the correlation between the variables of interest must be relatively low. They are all correlated under the absolute value of 7%. My regressions take into account all three compensation incentives and include interactions among them in the models. With respect to previous literature, the results are similar to prior findings, but this study attempts to shed light on the interactions among these compensation incentives to see what truly matters. Interactions among these variables lead to an additional positive effect for total risk and additional negative effects for investment, diversification, liquidity, and firm value. My specifications provide insight into a period where publicly available compensation data is provided at a greater accuracy than before. My period from 2006 to 2013 also provides robustness to economic factors resulting from the Great Recession since the sample period starts just before Abstract


AbstractPhysical disability is as a multifaceted phenomenon, whose manifestations may be difficult to realize and properly address when designing or improving urban built environments. The mere application of technical requirements cannot account for designing accessible public spaces and infrastructures for pedestrian mobility. In this perspective, unsignalized crosswalks are emblematic. Design recommendations for them are prevalently focused on purely technical aspects, such as pedestrian walking speed and visibility problems. Apprehension and nervousness experienced by pedestrians when attempting to traverse the roadway is usually neglected, but this uneasinesses may weaken the autonomy and comfort of pedestrians with disabilities. Interaction with approaching drivers is a decisive factor. It is known that unimpaired pedestrians attempt hazardous crossings if they realize that drivers do not observe their right-of-way. The question arises of investigating street-crossing behavior of people with differe...


This thesis analyses the colonization of the Cocopah people to show that their traditions have survived the effects of colonization. I focus on issues of sovereignty and complicate the question of the nation-state. Also, this thesis analyses the effects of colonization on gender among Native American women. I use personal interviews with Cocopah women to discuss how women's oral history allows for preservation of Cocopah cultural identity. I set out to investigate the following questions; Have the Cocopah people maintained their cultural identity despite colonization? Has sovereignty allowed for the preservation of cultural identity? How has gender been affected by colonization? The review of the literature looks at colonization, patriarchy, and sovereignty and the underlying theories that may explain the experiences of Cocopah women. The review of the literature address ethnicity theory. In this thesis I investigate the following questions : Have the Cocopah maintained their cultural identity despite colonization? Has sovereignty allowed for the preservation of Cocopah cultural identity? How has gender been affected by colonization? This thesis will show how Cocopah cultural identity is present and how it is sustained


The existence of illegal fintech is still a public concern due to the inadequate regulation tools that are able to regulate and take firm action against the existence of illegal fintech. The difficulty faced by regulators in taking action against illegal fintech is because it is difficult to be tracked and illegal entities that have been blocked can easily recreate new illegal fintech entities. This study was conducted by using normative legal research, which was reviewing material law that contains normative legal rules. As the result, there are conclusion namely, first Illegal fintech P2PL actors try to trick the public by resembling the company's platform name and/or logo, name, and identity color from legal fintech P2PL that has been registered/licensed at the OJK and SWI's efforts to take action against these fintech P2PL companies are by blocking sites, conducting joint inspections of business activities which assumed as illegal investments, ordering illegal fintech P2PL companies to stop business activities, and improving coordination in handling cases with related agencies. OJK through SWI seeks to stop the chain of Illegal fintech P2PL by routinely coordinating with the Minister of Communication and Information to block illegal services


Objective To observe the curative effect of Chuankezhi in the treatment of repeated respiratory tract infections.Method Total 200 cases were randomly divided into the treatment group(n=100) and the control group(n=100),and the control group was given the conventional treatment,the treatment group was given Chuankezhi intramuscular injection on the basis of conventional treatment,and the curative effect was observed a year later.Results The excellence rate was 69%,the effective power was 21%,the ineffective rate was 10% in the treatment group.Conclusion Chuankezhi is a kind of effective drug in the treatment of repeated respiratory tract infection.


Abstract Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was evaluated as an easy and simple analytical method for determination of starch residues after enzymatic hydrolysis. Different starch sources were liquefaction by α-amylase enzyme Termamyl SC for 25 minutes in autoclave. In the next step were starches solutions enzymatically hydrolysed by enzyme pollulanase Promozyme® for 24 hours to 60°C water bath. Total glucose in starch hydrolysate was determined using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) with ATR accessory with diamante crystal by recording the absorption of different carbohydrate in spectral range from 700 - 4000 cm-1. Based on calibration curves of glucose the release of total glucose in hydrolysates was calculated.


We discuss the evolution of cooperative behavior among neighboring players in a spatial IPD (Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma) game where every player is located in a cell of a two-dimensional grid-world. In our game, a player in a cell plays against players in its neighboring cells. A game strategy of a player is denoted by a bit string, which determines the next action based on a finite history of previous rounds of the IPD game. Genetic operations for generating a new strategy of a player are also performed within its neighborhood. We first compare the evolution of cooperative behavior in the spatial IPD game with that in the standard non-spatial IPD game. Next, we examine the effect of the existence of cooperative (or hostile) players on the evolution of cooperative behavior. For representing such players with high flexibility, we use a generalized fitness function defined as a weighted sum of the player's payoff and its opponent's payoff. The fitness of a player depends on not only its payoff but also its opponent's payoff. Every player has its own weight vector in the generalized fitness function. This means that every player is characterized by its weight vector. Then we consider a more general situation where every player has a different weight vector for each of its neighbors. In this situation, we can examine the evolution of a neighborly relation between every pair of neighboring players. A weight vector of a player for a neighbor is updated based on the result of the IPD game between them. Finally, we examine the spatial IPD game with a different matchmaking scheme where the opponent of a player is randomly selected from its neighbors at every round of the IPD game. In such a spatial IPD game, the next action of a player is determined by its strategy (i.e., bit string) based on a finite history of previous rounds of the IPD game with different opponents.


The Hutchinson method can be used to estimate the trace of a function of a matrix A, that is, , stochastically. With the variance of the Hutchinson estimator decreasing as , techniques to reduce the variance of this estimator become necessary due to the high accuracy required by some calculations in scientific computing. In lattice QCD, where A is the Dirac operator D stemming from a discretization of the Dirac equation, the accuracy of some calculations involving renders them practically unfeasible if one uses the Hutchinson estimator to approximate the trace. One such variance reduction technique, known as multigrid multilevel Monte Carlo, has been introduced recently to deal with for the Laplace 2D, Gauge Laplacian, and Schwinger problems. We use it here in the context of lattice QCD, and moreover, we analyze its impact when dealing with , where is the matrix that emerges when a displacement in one of the four spacetime dimensions of the lattice is introduced. This latter trace is of importance when computing generalized parton distributions in lattice QCD.


Social media makes it possible for anyone to share and transmit their opinions and sentiments to the rest of the world via the Internet. Recently, sentiment analysis is being used to investigate the opinions posted on Online Social Networks(OSN) based on multiple inputs, such as user profile characteristics, slang, emoticons, among others. However, the current sentiment analysis tools do not consider the influence of tagging people on OSN. In this context, this paper analyzes the impact of the tagging parameter on the global sentiment score of a text. The experimental results of subjective tests show that a correction factor must be considered in case of tagging people. Experimental results demonstrate that the tagging parameter affects the sentiment intensity value, in different ways, depending on the gender of the person who wrote the text and the sentiment polarity of the text. The new sentiment intensity metric considering the tagging people parameter reaches a Pearson Correlation Coefficient of 0.93 and a maximum error of 0.07, for texts of negative polarity written by women, at a 5-point scale. Furthermore, a mobile application with the new sentiment metric, which considers the tagging parameter, is built.


18017 Background: Spiritual well-being (Sp-WB) is noted as a resource to support adaptation and resilience, and strengthen quality of life (QOL) in patients with cancer and other chronic, life-threatening illnesses. However, the relationship between Sp-WB and QOL in patients with cGVHD has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations among Sp-WB, QOL, and selected demographic and clinical factors in survivors with cGVHD after allogeneic HSCT for hematologic malignancy. Methods: The 52 participants in this study completed the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp) as part of a prospective multidisciplinary natural history study of cGVHD. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected during a comprehensive clinical evaluation. Results: Sp-WB was generally high (M 37.06, SD 9.5) and comparable to that reported by another investigator in a mixed sample of autologous and allogeneic HSCT survivors (M 35.9, SD 8.6, p = 0.25). Th...


This study investigated the potentials and obstacles to learn and teach English as an international language (EIL) approach in one of senior high schools, in Tebing Tinggi. Indonesia. EIL is embracing the language variations among nations included native and nonnative English language. In our increasingly diverse communities, this approach is a talkback to the monolingual focus in ELT pedagogy and pay much attention to multilingual in the local and global communities and also situated English language education in global/local multilingualism. There were 6 English teachers and two classes (grade 1 and grade 2 which were approximately 60 students) in senior high school were interviewed designed to gain an understanding of both English teachers and students' perspectives on English as international language (EIL) to get deep information about their tensions, conflicts, struggle, and challenges EIL teachers and students may experience before and after teaching and learning of EIL approach in five meetings. From this result, we could see there were some fertilities and infertilities that we got from implementing and acknowledging this approach. The fertilities that we cultivated were the students learned these topics as knowledge, embracing bright future of learning English, getting to know foreigners and countries, good experience with international friends, learn about their own country (transforming, reflecting themselves as Indonesia, proud to be Indonesia), well understanding the function of English, and fulfil the students' needs. The other side, the infertilities of implementing EIL approach were they had deficit perspective toward themselves; they did not know about Englishes since it was never taught by their English teachers, bad environment from their community, their preferences and saw Englishes as an error and wrong perception about Englishes, and facilitation and resources as well. From the teachers' perspective, there were also controversial and possibilities of teaching EIL in this school. They welcomed to the nature of English and getting to know EIL approach, well understanding of English as a tool for students' future, and willing to pursue English teaching effectively. But, they concerned to the students' problems, teaching beliefs, preferences, lack of understanding of English variation diversity, curriculum and textbooks. Those problems made them afraid to make any risk, little faith to apply EIL, and created two different worlds of English standard and nonstandard English. By seeing those results bear fruitful pedagogical implications for learning and teaching English, they are meta-awareness; broaden exposure of English learning and teaching, and open English pedagogy.


Optic fiber loop mirror and its applications are reviewed and discussed. Some of these applications are simple switching, all-optical signal demultiplexing, fiber loop amplifier, fiber laser, and protection switching. The path protection switching is introduced for the first time to our knowledge. The design and performance of such novel design are introduced and investigated. A 10-Gbps modulated signal is successfully routed to a different path using such design. These applications can be used to enable all-optical networks.


The compression ratio strongly affects the working process and provides an
 exceptional degree of control over engine performance. In conventional
 internal combustion engines, the compression ratio is fixed and their
 performance is therefore a compromise between conflicting requirements. One
 fundamental problem is that drive units in the vehicles must successfully
 operate at variable speeds and loads and in different ambient conditions. If
 a diesel engine has a fixed compression ratio, a minimal value must be chosen
 that can achieve a reliable self-ignition when starting the engine in cold
 start conditions. In diesel engines, variable compression ratio provides
 control of peak cylinder pressure, improves cold start ability and low load
 operation, enabling the multi-fuel capability, increase of fuel economy and
 reduction of emissions. This paper contains both theoretical and experimental
 investigation of the impact that automatic variable compression ratios has on
 working process parameters in experimental diesel engine. Alternative methods
 of implementing variable compression ratio are illustrated and critically
 examined.


Resumen From the changes in the mental health policies, several questions concerning the conceptions of users, relatives and professionals about a day-care units came up. This paper aims at: knowing the representations that users, relatives and professionals constructed about a day-care unit in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The research was made among users, relatives and professionals and was methodologically based on the Ego-ecologic theory by Marisa Zavalloni. We could notice that people who were interviewed perceived the day-care unit by a psychosocial model in which they associate the unit to the reduction of the number of admissions, the inclusion of the family and society members in the course of treatment, and the preservation of liberty. The professionals reassure that the importance of the political part of the day-care unit in the movement of psychiatric reformation. The professionals feel pressed to deal with the demand of a chaotic public reality that does not offer support to work, resulting in work overload, insecurity and limitations.


The article presents a summary analysis of the representations of a new direction in Russia the international social work. Ten copyright characteristics of the term «international social work are given.


Professor Michael Sandel from Harvard University constructed theory of justice of "is in good in the critique to the contemporary liberal concept of moral justice with John Rawls as the representative.The theory of justice of "is in good" proposed that basing on the justice of good was not precedence over good and did not occupy the most important position in the dictionary-style order of all the social virtues.The philosophical anthropology base of this theory of justice was the self-concept of construction,inner-subject and in-subject.The principle of distribution of social justice can only be the principle of difference based on community.


This research is a thorough numerical investigation and critical analysis of lateral migration of a deformable particle settling in a vertical weak shear flow. Under the vertical weak shear fluid, the deformable particle may move either to the coagulation area, or the dispersion area, depending on Reynolds numbers, shear Reynolds number, fiber flexibility, and aspect ratio. In this study, a lattice Boltzmann equation is used to solve Navier-Stokes equation and a flexible particle method is employed to attack the problem of motion of a flexible fiber. A bounce-back rule is used to deal with moving boundaries interacting with fluids. Several simulations are first conducted at the same shear Reynolds number, particle settling Reynolds number and aspect ratio except that the rigidity is varied at different levels. It is found that the rigidity plays a critical role, may change particle lateral migration direction, either migrate toward a coagulation area, or toward a dispersion area, depending the value of the rigidity. It shows that the rigidity may alter the fiber inertia, in turn, convert coagulation to dispersion. In other words, flexibility may alter the stability of fiber suspension. At a low settling Reynolds number, as the vertical shear flow increases the fiber dispersion trend increases and the lower rigid fiber has a larger tendency to disperse.


We perform an analytic calculation of the transmission coefficient for a finite disordered Kronig-Penney chain with electric field, using some interesting properties of the transfer matrices for the \ensuremath{\delta}-function potential. They allow us to give a closed-form approximate expression for the transmission coefficient which clearly shows the existence of three regions for the wave-function behavior: exponentially localized, power localized, and extended states. The current-voltage characteristics for such a system are also evaluated, together with precise numerical evaluation for comparison.


The article presents the clinical cases of sorafenib treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The experience of the Russian oncologistsdoes not only confirm the results of the international clinical research, but also demonstrates the possibility of prolonged administration of the drug for more than 3-4 years against a backdrop of high efficiency and controlled security profile.


Useing the urban water consumption of some city in Shanxi Province from 1999 to 2009 as the dependent variable and urbanization level and GDP of the city as the independent variables,a trend surface model of urban water consumption is established in this paper.Furthermore,the fitting degree of different order trend surface models is compared and the trend surface and residual contour map is drawn.From the analysis,it can obtained that the urban water consumption of the city is closely related with the level of urbanization and economic conditions.The urban water demand in a particular year in future can be predicted by predicting the level of urbanization and the GDP in the year.


ABSTRACT As the substrates of traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy, paper and silk are susceptible to optical radiation in museum illumination, resulting in mechanical damage, the origins of which are changes in microscopic molecular structure. However, there is no effective method of quantitatively evaluating the microscopic molecular structural changes caused by irradiation. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was introduced for illumination research on the paper and silk substrates in museums. Four narrow-emitting light sources with different peak wavelengths, red (650 nm), amber (583 nm), green (510 nm), and blue (450 nm), which together constitute the spectrum of a white light emitting diode (LED), were used as experimental light sources. As experimental specimens, paper and silk substrates were irradiated by the four light sources. The Raman spectra of the specimens were collected before and after the illumination. By analyzing the variations in characteristic Raman peak intensities, the relative damage coefficients of the four light sources on microscopic molecular structures in the specimens were studied. Then, we were able to design the white LED spectral irradiance distribution of the two substrates according to the corresponding damage coefficients. In conclusion, a research method for studying the microscopic molecular structural changes in the substrates of traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy based on Raman spectroscopy has been proposed, finding a solution to the long-standing challenge of how to quantitatively evaluate illumination-induced mechanical damage of substrates. These results are instructive for designing the spectral ratios of white LEDs suitable for illumination of traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy in museums.


Summary Leigh, O. O. , B. O. Emikpe & J. O. Ogunsola, 2014. Histopathological changes in some reproductive and endocrine organs of T rypan o soma brucei infected W est A frican dwarf goat d oes . Bulg. J. Vet. Med. (online first). Available information on the mechanisms responsible for some reproductive lesions observed in experimental trypanosom ia sis has not been fully elucidated. This work was undertaken to further study the histopathologic effects of Trypanosoma brucei infecti on on hypothalamus, adenohypo phy sis, ovary, uterus, placenta of the West African dwarf (WAD) doe and liver of aborted f o etuses. Sixteen does (10 infected and 6 controls) and 3 foetuses from infected does were used for this study. Reproductive and endocrine organs from the doe s and livers of aborted f o etuses were routinely processed for histopathology and studied using light microscopy. Findings revealed degenerative and inflammatory lesions which include hypothalamitis, adenohypophysitis , endometritis, placentitis as well as vacuolar change and cord atrophy in f o etal liver. We conclude that experimental T. brucei infection caused significant histopathologies in the hypothalamus, adenohypophysis, uterus, placenta and foet al liver and that these lesions may underline the etiopathogenesis of infertility in trypano some - infected WAD goat does.


Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) is today a credible alternative lithographic technology for semiconductor industry [1]. In the coming years, DSA integration could be a standard complementary step with other lithographic techniques (193nm immersion, e-beam, extreme ultraviolet). Its main advantages are a high pattern resolution (down to 10nm), a capability to decrease an initial pattern edge roughness [2], an absorption of pattern guide size variation, no requirement of a high-resolution mask and can use standard fab-equipment (tracks and etch tools). The potential of DSA must next be confirmed viable for high volume manufacturing. Developments are necessary to transfer this technology on 300mm wafers in order to demonstrate semiconductor fab-compatibility [3-7]. The challenges concern especially the stability, both uniformity and defectivity, of the entire process, including tools and Blok Co-Polymer (BCP) materials. To investigate the DSA process stability, a 300mm pilot line with DSA dedicated track (SOKUDO DUO) is used at CEALeti. BCP morphologies with PMMA cylinders in a PS matrix are investigated (about 35nm natural period). BCP selfassembly in unpatterned surface and patterned surface (graphoepitaxy) configurations are considered in this study. Unpatterned configuration will initially be used for process optimization and fix a process of record. Secondly, this process of record will be monitored with a follow-up in order to validate its stability. Steps optimization will be applied to patterned surface configurations (graphoepitaxy) for contact hole patterning application. A process window of contact hole shrink process will be defined. Process stability (CD uniformity and defectivity related to BCP lithography) will be investigated.


This research has been an experimental investigation of some of the operational aspects of a hypothetical multiproduct, multistage production inventory system operating in a supply uncertainty environment. The main objective of this study was to explore the relative effect of different multilevel buffering strategies on system performance in order to establish some guidelines for choosing among different buffering techniques when buffering the system against different conditions of supply uncertainty. Several performance criteria, including holding cost, inventory cost, total cost, number of shortages, number of stockouts, service level and buffering cost effectiveness, were used to evaluate system performance. The independent variables investigated include: buffering strategy ( 6 strategies), type of supply uncertainty (4 levels), and degree of supply uncertainty (4 levels). Five replications were generated for each of the 96 cells in the three-factor, full factorial experimental design. The main effect for each factor and the interaction effect for different combinations were considered. Results show that performance of the production system is signifi cantly influenced by the "buffering strategy" factor, although the rela tive impact of the six buffering strategies is dependent on the perfor mance measure considered. The study also shows that both uncertainty type (quantity and timing) and uncertainty level (high and low) have significant impact on system performance. Moreover, interaction between buffering strategy and either uncertainty type or uncertainty level, were also found to be important in several cases. Overall, this research


Results supported the comparability of scores yielded by computerized and paper-and-pencil versions of the third edition of the Self-Description Questionnaire and respondents' preferences for computerized assessment.


A coupling framework for modeling the non-constant-velocity approach of two fluid particles and the curved film drainage was developed, and an improved model was presented to predict the variable-velocity approach. Using this framework, the effect of the constant-velocity and variable-velocity approach on liquid film drainage was investigated. Two film drainage models based on immobile interface and fully mobile interface were adopted. The simulation results showed that the film thinning rate of the former is much less than that of the latter. In the case of constant-velocity approach, the immobile interface model showed a relatively flat curved film, while in the case of variable-velocity approach, three types of film, wimple, pimple and dimple, can be found. The different combinations of the drainage models and the approach velocity boundary conditions were compared with the experiments. The fully mobile interface model with variable-velocity approach can reasonably predict the coalescence and rebound of bubbles.


The article shows the importance of analyzing external threats in order to improve the economic security of the functioning of an agricultural enterprise. The results of the analysis of the competitiveness of an agri-cultural enterprise by the point assessment method are presented. Measures have been developed to neu-tralize external threats and ensure the economic security of the agricultural enterprise.


The most important bibliographic databases in Italy are surveyed. Among them are the Italian national bibliography, BNI, and the database devoted to Italian books in print, ALICE. Also included are specialized databases such as those in the fields of law, education, economics and science and technology. Because of the lack of an adequate infrastructure for online access, their widespread use has been delayed. However, recent developments, in particular the implementation of the national library service, SBN, promise improvement in the situation.


The energy-representation theory of solutions is developed to address the dissolution of a molecule in homogeneous fluid as well as the partitioning into such nanoscale structures as micelle and li...


Since 2000, many Erythrina trees have been found initially wilting and later suffering die-back due to severe infestations by Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Mauritius, Reunion, and in Singapore. These infestations have since spread into several tropical and subtropical countries. Various degrees of damage and different symptoms have been observed in different host species which has raised the question whether the pests all belong to the same species or not. In order to measure the differentiation in the eulophid wasps from different geographical areas and various Erythrina host plants, 36 samples on 6 host taxa from 14 localities in Taiwan and 11 samples on 2 host species from Singapore and Mauritius were collected. Singapore and Mauritius were two of the three countries included in the original description of Q. erythrinae. We analyzed the mitochondrial genes of 12S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome oxidase I, and the nuclear sequence of intergenic spacer 2 to understand their genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship. Sequences of the same region in all the three genes were identical among all the samples. The homogeneity of the genetic composition suggests that there were no cryptic species in the samples. This confirms that all the wasps sampled in this study, despite their different origin of both area and host, belong to the same species. It is evident that all these pests from these countries came from the same monomorphic genotype which quickly and widely spread to other areas.


Introduction: One of the effective communication methods in nursing services is the SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation). SBAR is an easy framework for communicating important information between health professionals in the hospital. This study aimed to describe the application of the SBAR method in nurse handovers between shifts.  Methods: The research design used a cross-sectional approach. A total of 102 nurses involved in this study were selected by purposive sampling. The research instrument used a questionnaire to evaluate perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and application of the SBAR. The bivariate statistical test used Chi-square and the multivariate test used Multiple Logistic Regression.  Results : The results showed that the p-value between the perception variables was (0.025 <0.05), knowledge (0.014 <0.05), attitude (0.034 <0.05), and motivation (0.037 <0.05). There was a significant relationship between perception, knowledge, attitude, motivation, and the application of the SBAR method.  Conclusion: The dominant factor in applying the SBAR method is the attitude variable. The application of this method may be tested by enhancing the capacity of nurses in the hospital.


This paper deals with comparison of sine PWM and Space vector modulated inverter fed induction motor drives. The aim of this work is to identity the best PWM for induction motor drive using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The drive systems are modeled using mat lab Simulink and the results are presented. These drives have advantages like reduced harmonics and heating. . Fixed AC is converted into DC and this DC is converted into variable voltage and variable frequency AC using SVM inverter. The output of inverter is applied to the stator of induction motor. The simulation results are compared with the analytical result.


PurposeThis paper explores the school leadership career outcomes, timing and educator evaluation of those who complete the Massachusetts Performance Assessment for Leaders (PAL) in comparison with others who did not. It also compares outcomes for those with different PAL score completion requirements.Design/methodology/approachUsing PAL assessment results and state employment data for years 2015 through 2019, the authors examined trends and timing in PAL completers' career advancement into an initial school leader position (assistant principal or principal), by assessment cohort (based on assessment year and passing (cut) score requirements) and with who never had to complete the assessment for licensure (non-PAL completers). Using regression analysis, the authors evaluated potential race/ethnicity and gender differences in advancement. Using chi-square tests of association, the authors compared non-PAL and PAL completers on their demographic attributes and on retention and promotion from assistant principal and on their educator evaluation scores. The authors also examined differences in advancement based on the cut score requirements and preparation pathways.FindingsPAL completers made steady career advances over time and at faster rates than non-PAL completers. Further, PAL completers subject to higher cut score requirements advanced more quickly than those with lower or no score requirements. PAL completers' gender and race/ethnicity seemed to matter less in career advancement than was found in other studies. In 2019, almost half who advanced were employed in the same districts as they had been in 2014 and were more likely to be new leaders in urban districts. When compared with other career-related measures, PAL completers outperformed non-PAL completers who first became school leaders since 2014: they were more likely to be rated as exemplary on educator evaluation and more likely to be retained or promoted after two years in their first school leader position.Originality/valueUntil now little research has existed on the career effects of licensure assessments. Because it requires candidates to demonstrate proficiency in core areas of school leadership work, the PAL assessment appears to be a superior means of screening initial school leaders (based on rate of hiring) and of signaling future performance (based on subsequent educator evaluation ratings) than other assessment forms (such as the School Leader Licensure Assessment [SLLA] exam).


A case of low back pain is reported. The patient presented with low back pain, and while in the Emergency Department (ED) sepsis was observed. Following investigations including CT lumber spine and pelvis, Ileopsoas abscess (IPA) was found. This case report reflects the difficulties in early diagnosis of the rare presentation of IPA, while highlighting the importance of red and yellow flags in the assessment of low back pain.


The results of studies on nutrients digestibility in Broiler chickens by the end of the period of keeping and fattening are suggested. The highest rate of nutrients digestibility has been observed in chickens of the first and second experimental groups fed the Sel-Plex preparation. The chickens of the above groups surpassed the analogue ones by the utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus.


Amodel for the adsorption of gold from I2/I aqueous solutions onto a cellulose acetate (CA)-polyaniline (PANI) porous membrane is presented. The adsorption of gold is represented by an ion-exchange overall reaction in which AuI2 ions replace the Cl ions at the active sites of the polyaniline matrix. The model incorporates the external mass transfer of AuI2 from the bulk solution to the membrane surface, followed by the pore diffusion of AuI2 to reach the active sites in the membrane. The overall ion-exchange reaction was assumed to achieve local instantaneous equilibrium. Verification of the kinetic model with the experimental data showed that the effective diffusivity of AuI2 within the membrane is about 8.3 10 6 cm/s. The potential applications of the present formulation are discussed. VC 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 124: 1695–1706, 2012


Representations of the family in the Australian popular media in recent years appear to have shifted from a traditional nuclear family form to more diverse constructions, and the family has become an institution that is more often associated with dysfunction rather than the idealised notions of caring and support. This study will examine this re-evaluation of the nuclear family through a close analysis of the film Muriel's Wedding (1994). How the discourses of gender and nationalism intersect with those of marriage and family will be studied, in an attempt to understand this reappraisal of the Australian family.


Abstract Most analyses of resistance, subjectivity, and identity formation have been developed out of research on predominantly 'western' industrialized nations. This research has been full of insight, but it has limited our understanding of the importance of historical specificity, of conjunclural relations, and of the ways class, gender, and race/ethnic histories and experiences take on specific meanings in different contexts. By focusing on one of these 'different contexts'—South Korea and its recent moves to institute career education and to have more students identify as manual workers—we wish to show how such specificities work to produce particular forms of resistance, subjectivity, and identity. In the Republic of Korea (South Korea), the dominant faction of the power bloc has tried to reconstitute work subjectivity through education as part of its ongoing hegemonic project. This has been done in order to deal with economic stagnation and to recover the bloc's political and ideological power which...


An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh during the period from December, 2005 to April, 2006 to study the responses of soybean varieties to the time of irrigation. The experiment was carried out with three soybean varieties viz. Shohag, Bangladesh soybean 4 and BARI soybean 5and 5 levels of irrigation viz. no irrigation, irrigation at elongation of main stem (EMS), irrigation at flowering (F), irrigation at pod development (PD) and EMS+F+PD stages of crop growth. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Variety and irrigation level significantly influenced the growth and yield of the soybean. Among the three varieties, BARI soybean-5 influenced plant to have maximum dry matter, number of leaves plant , crop growth rate and relative 1 growth rate. But, the maximum plant height was found highest in Bangladesh soybean-4. Irrigation at EMS+F+PD stages increased yield with higher values of growth parameters. In most of the cases BARI soybean-5 coupled with irrigation at EMS+F+PD were found to be influenced for better growth.


In order to study the elastic-plastic hysteretic properties of the steel reinforced concrete(SRC) structure under low-cyclic load,an open-source earthquake engineering simulation system OpenSEES is used to conduct a finite element numerical simulation.Basing on Kent-Scott-Park concrete constitutive relation and Giuffre-Menegotto-Pinto steel constitutive relation and combining Displacement-Based Beam-Column(DBBC) element,Zero-Length Element with P-Delta Transformation,the models of a Reinforced Concrete(RC) column and two Steel Reinforced Concrete(SRC) columns are built,which intend to obtain the hysteretic curves.The comparison between the computed results and the experimental results shows that the fiber model of OpenSEES can reflect the characteristics of hysteresis loop under different axial compression ratios and simulate the nonlinear response of the SRC column well.


A tire parameter monitoring system with an inductive power source is provided to employ DC power generated inductively as driving power. A tire parameter monitoring system includes a substrate(36), a power system(34), a tire parameter sensor(31), a processor/transmitter(32), and a power coil(35). The power system is mounted on the substrate to convert input voltage, which is not regulated, into output voltage, which is adjusted. The tire parameter sensor is mounted on the substrate to provide monitoring signals representing parameter values. The processor/transmitter is mounted on the substrate and coupled to the tire parameter sensor such that the monitoring signals are converted into transmission signals. The power coil is mounted on the substrate and coupled to an input terminal of the power system.


Many questions have been raised about the future of water quality and maintenance. The Rocky Mountain Institute has created a report with four scenarios, each based on whether the government plays a strong role in water regulation and whether the market is supportive of new technologies.


Pennine Street is a cartographic art experiment, twinning High Street 2012 in London with the Pennine Way, a long-distance footpath running between the Peak District and the Scottish Borders. Pennine Street was initially prompted by the London 2012 Olympic spectacle; more specifically, by the militarization of the Games through the proposed deployment of surface-to-air missiles at sites in London. The project initially took the form of three organized walks along the route of High Street 2012, from Aldgate to Stratford. Readings were made while walking on each occasion, and both photographic and textual collages emerged out of the initial walks. The project engages the idea of trespass as a political action, as both potent and futile, and traces the development of modes of photographic and textual "trespass", or transgression. Textual collage is employed to investigate the possibility of articulating Pennine Street as a "space-between" the empirical and the imagined.


Four different optical processing and hybrid neural net (NN) algorithms and architectures are described that show different uses for optical processing in NNs for multiclass distortion- invariant pattern recognition. The hybrid associative processor (AP) shows the use of optical feature spaces, feature space neurons, the use for linear algebra algorithms in NN design, and optical matrix-vector processors. For more difficult problems requiring nonlinear piecewise decision surfaces, the AP is replaced by a multilayer NN. The NN used combines pattern recognition and NN techniques and uses a digital/optical NN for hybrid training/classification. A symbolic correlator production system NN is described when multiple objects are present in the field of view. This uses an optical correlator, neurons that represent facts, and a production system NN that can be implemented optically or digitally. A new optimization NN formulation allows an all optical (or hybrid optical/electronic) implementation with a fixed interconnection mask and optical feedback.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


This study investigated physicochemical characters and biotoxicity of industrial sewage with the physicochemical and biomonitoring methods.The results show that the industrial sewage samples from five different spots basically reached the national discharging standard based on the physical and chemical indicators,but when using Daphnia carinata,Dc42 as a biological monitor,only one fifth industrial sewage samples was no toxicity,the other four were toxic in different levels.Which revealed that athough the physicochemical characters of those samples were qualified,most of them still had toxicity potential.It indicates combining physicochemical indicators and biomonitoring to monitor the toxicity of industial sewage is accurate and reliable.


4-Trifluoromethyl-7-amino coumarin obtained from m-aminophenol and ethyl trifluoroacetoacetate,further reacted with chloroacetic chloride to generate 4-trifluoromethyl-7-chloro-acetylamino coumarin. Then,the product was treated with sodium hyaluronate to give hyaluronic acid derivatives containing fluorinated coumarin. The influences of concentration,pH and temperature on fluorescence intensity of hyaluronic acid derivatives were studied. The influence of different metal ions on fluorescence intensity of hyaluronic acid derivatives was also investigated. The results show that the fluorescence intensity of hyaluronic acid derivatives is enhanced with increased concentration,kept stable when the pH ranges from 3. 86 to 8. 85,and decreased when temperature increased from 10 ℃ to 80 ℃. In addition,Fe3 +leads to significantly reduced fluorescence intensity of hyaluronic acid derivatives in the presence of other interfering metal ions. These provide good experimental basis to explore the mechanism as well as the targeting behavior of hyaluronic acid as drug carrier.


Ophthalmopathology in the patients suffering from diabetes mellitus is one of the main causes of impaired vision and blindness all over the world. The present study included 89 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). The traditional research methods were supplemented by microperimetry with the use of a MAIA apparatus. The study has demonstrated a significant ( p < 0,0001) 2 dB reduction of light sensitivity in the central retinal region compared with that in the age-matched healthy subjects in the absence of clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy (controls). The significant reduction of average photosensitivity in the central retinal region and K-index was documented in the case of progressive diabetic retinopathy ( p < 0,001). ROC analysis showed that K values in excess of 3 U and/or mean light sensitivity (≤ 25,8 dB) may be regarded as the threshold values for the chosen parameters of microperimetry; also, they can be used for the purpose of screening for diabetic retinopathy.


Citation: Mobaraki K, Ahmadzadeh J (2020) Is There A Vaccine for Covid-19 and Are We Unaware of It?. Int J Immunol Immunother 7:044. doi.org/10.23937/2378-3672/1410044 Received Date: March 28, 2020: Accepted: April 18, 2020: Published: April 20, 2020 Copyright: © 2020 Mobaraki K et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


There is an increasing need to update and correct information about product geometry in the wood manufacturing industry. Changes in machinery or personnel can be the cause of that need. Manual meas ...


The single device well (SDW) memory cell, including an access transistor, uses only two SDW MOSFETs, versus four-to-six transistors in conventional static memory cells and thus a great saving in silicon area results. Cell static and dynamic performance are discussed and simulated using an appropriate model implemented in the computer-aided circuit analysis program WATAND. The access time of the new cell is comparable to that of conventional MOSFET cells. Using 3 /spl mu/m technology, an SDW memory cell consumes an area of 600 /spl mu/m/SUP 2/ and has an average power consumption of 10 /spl mu/W at 5 V supply. Another version of the cell using a polyresistor is also discussed.


Hydraulic tension fractures were produced in porous limestones using a specially designed hydraulic cell. The 3D geometry of the samples was imaged using X-ray computed microtomography before and after fracturation. Using these data, it was possible to estimate the permeability tensor of the core samples, extract the path of the rupture and compare it to the heterogeneities initially present in the rock.


Data are presented on relationship between life events, social integration, and psychiatric symptoms in a community. For most persons, there is a direct relationship between the number of life events experienced and the degree of symptomatology. However, some persons do not fit this pattern. Among such individuals, those who display significant symptoms but reportfew life events are less well integrated than those who reportfew symptoms but many events. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed in terms of integration in the larger social stratification system, the micro-system level of the family, and the instrumental role system.


The latest development and applications of SO2-4/MxOy solid superacid catalyst are reviewed, including its preparation methods, measurement and characterization of acid strength  Catalysis of SO2-4/MxOy catalyst in hydrocarbon isomerization, alkylation, esterification is also summarized Some problems in the catalyst research field are pointed out, and a brief prediction of its development is made


The paper introduces a result from experiments that a com pl ex reaction takes place while add modified polyiron to F\+-,and the polyiron,as gelatinizer,accelerates CaF\-2 sedimentation,reduces reaction time,and improves fluoride removeal.It has been proved that the fluoric concentration steadily mai ntain within 6mg/l~8mg/l,which comes up to the national standard.


in thisissue of JEVT is noteworthy for its use ofnoninvasive near-infrared reflectance spec-troscopy (NIRS) to detect spinal cord ische-mia during a staged hybrid thoracoabdominalaortic aneurysm repair. There is a clear needfor improved spinal cord monitoring duringthese procedures. Direct electrophysiologicalmonitoring of the descending motor path-ways appears to be beneficial, but the tech-nique has limitations. In addition to itstechnical complexity and constraints on an-esthetic management, both false positive andnegative findings have been reported.


Thirty-two cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ) under import quarantine at the Animal Quarantine Service in Japan were examined for tuberculosis by tuberculin skin test. Nine of the 32 showed positive and/ or suspicious reactions. Although they had no apparent symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis, pulmonary mul-tifocal nodular lesions were present with acid-fast positive bacilli on some tissue samples, such as the lungs and lymph nodes. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from some tissue samples. The results of the tuberculin skin test and histopathological findings indicated that Mycobacterium tuberculosis might have infected some monkeys more than a few months prior to the test, and expanded in the same colony. The genotype of the isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis was determined as EAI 2 _MANILLA by spoligotyping.


Production of telfairia leaves has been on the increase in Nigeria due to increased awareness of its nutritional values. Though different genotypes exist, it is difficult to identify the broad succulent leaf genotypes preferred by consumers. Morphological variations among seven telfairia accessions were studied using local germplasm collected in Makurdi, Nigeria. Twenty-two morphological traits were recorded and data analyzed using PCA and metroglyph. Significant variability occurred, within and between populations from seven accessions based on morphological traits. The study identified 12 traits (leaf area, number of leaves, branches, nodes, thickness of vine, stigma colour, thickness of fruit ridge, distance of furrow, fruit weight, girth of seed, weight of seed and length of seed) that distinguished the accessions. The accessions showed sufficient variability to select lines for future breeding and grouping which produced three groups of accessions: Group I (comprising Abia 1, 2 and 3) has more succulent leaves, thicker vines (2.4 cm), bigger fruits (6.63 kg) and heavier seeds (17.5 g) than Group II (Obudu 1, 2 and 3) and Group III (Ezi). Morphological diversion was higher in Group II than in Group I. The groups of accessions were associated with morphological differences among populations mainly with the size of leaves. The accessions represent a valuable source of genetic diversity that has potential for development of improved cultivars to be chosen for commercialization. It also revealed enough variation among populations to initiate a selection programme for fluted pumpkin improvement in Makurdi, Nigeria.


Mozi created a great deal of methods of debating in his long-term practice. He payed attention to Tuilei after having used those methods, and gave an elementary consider to the problem of effectiveness about Tuilei. The practice and the theory of debating of Mozi produced a profound influence on "Mojing".


According to the decisive patterns of the private supply, public goods can be divided into three kinds: the replaceable, the complementary and the containable. In this paper, we develop a model to analyze the strategic behavior of the participators by means of game theory. Then we draw the reaction curve and find the solution of Nash equilibrium. At last, we analyze the rationalization of the result and propose some advice for improvement.


An integrated treatment of applied stochastic processes and queueing theory, with an emphasis on time-averages and long-run behavior. Theory demonstrates practical effects, such as priorities, pooling of queues, and bottlenecks. Appropriate for Sr/Grad courses in queueing theory in Operations Research, Computer Science, Statistics, or IE departments.


Seagrass habitats are considered essential in supporting both fish diversity and fisheries' income. Within the Mediterranean Sea most fish species are associated to seagrasses and constitute the subject of extensive literature. However, a complete synthesis of fish species observed in different seagrass habitats is still lacking at the whole-basin Mediterranean scale, so hindering a thorough understanding of the main functional traits and mechanisms involved in determining fish diversity patterns. We performed a systematic review by implementing a semi-automated, threshold-based filtering pipeline that allowed building up a dataset concerning all fish species reported in native Mediterranean seagrasses, including specific functional traits known to be involved with the potential use of seagrasses by fish. These data allowed to carry on a narrative synthesis on fish diversity in seagrass habitats. Moreover, the functional traits analysis highlighted a significant role of trophic level, size and benthic domain in determining the distribution of fish in different seagrass habitats at whole Mediterranean basin scale. Data evidenced a pattern of segregation between large piscivorous, pelagic predators and smaller benthic prey (including juveniles) with omnivorous to herbivorous feeding habit, with aggressive predators significantly associated with Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa beds while their putative prey tend to occupy other seagrass habitats. We identified unexpected knowledge gaps on the role of habitat heterogeneity and fish life stages in determining the presence/absence of fish in different seagrasses, for which in-depth research is needed to fully understand the links between nursery habitats and the state of exploited fish stock.


We are studying how to create believable agents that perform actions and use natural language in interactive, animated, real-time worlds. Believable agents are autonomous agents that have specific, rich personalities like characters in movies and animation. We have extended Hap, the behavior-based architecture used by the Oz group to construct non-linguistic believable agents, to support natural language text generation. These extensions allow us to tightly integrate text generation with other aspects of the agent, including action, perception, inference and emotion. We describe our approach, and show how it leads to agents with properties we believe important for believability, such as: using language and action together to accomplish communication goals; using perception to help make linguistic choices; varying generated text according to emotional state; varying generated text to express the specific personality; and issuing the text in real-time with pauses, restarts and other breakdownsvisible. Besides being useful in constructing believable agents, we feel these extensions may interest researchers seeking to generate language in other action architectures.


Panelists discuss topics below and their relevance for telehealth leaders.

Current challenges for providers

Reimbursement
Workflows
Prescribing
Disparities of care

Future vision for telehealth for health-systems


Compared with other levels of roads,it is difficult to rescue the vehicles on highway when accidents happen,and rescue forces need a long time to arrive at the scence,due to fast driving on road with fully closed journey.Currently,our country's highway emergency rescue functions disperse in various departments of the traffic police,road,highway operations management,public health,fire brigade.There are many drawbacks,such as slow rescue response,poor lingkage between departments,most rescue department for paid services and poor performance of rescue equipment.In view of this,this article puts forword the idea of relying on the fire brigade to construct the highway emergency rescue system.


We consider the $J/\Psi$ suppression at a high energy heavy ion collision. An ideal gas of massive hadrons in thermal and chemical equilibrium is formed in the central region. The finite-size gas expands longitudinally in accordance with Bjorken law. The transverse expansion in a form of the rarefaction wave is taken into account. We show that $J/\Psi$ suppression in such an environment, when combined with the disintegration in nuclear matter, gives correct evaluation of NA38 and NA50 data in a broad range of initial energy densities.


Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of Scutellariae Radix Water Extract on hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Methods: Scutellariae Radix produced from South Korea (SK) and Scutellariae Radix produced from China (SC) were extracted by hot water. Effects of SK and SC on hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 were measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 assay after 2, 4, 20, 24, 28, 44, and 48 h incubation at the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 ug/mL. Results: SK significantly increase hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 cells for 2, 4, 20, 24, 28, 44, and 48 h incubation at the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 ug/mL (P < 0.05). SC also significantly increase hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 cells for 4, 20, 24, 28, and 48 h incubation at the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 ug/mL (P < 0.05). For 2 h incubation, SC significantly increase hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 10, 25, and 100 ug/mL (P < 0.05). For 44 h incubation, SC significantly increase hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 ug/mL (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that Scutellariae Radix has the immune - enhancing property related with its increasement of hydrogen peroxide production in macrophages.


Tracheostomy is a procedure commonly performed on patients on the ITU. There are many indications for tracheostomy and on many units most are now performed percutaneously. Surgical tracheostomies are often reserved for cases where anatomical considerations make the patient unsuitable for percutaneous tracheostomy. One of the most common anatomical difficulties is a large neck. In these cases an adjustable flange tracheostomy may be required. Sometimes, however, this is not available or does not provide sufficient length to allow the cuff to lie properly in the trachea. Poor placement of the cuff may result in inadequate ventilation1 through leakage around the cuff, or occlusion of the lumen of the tube. Malposition of the tube may present as an obstructed airway or result in frequent, unnecessary tube changes2. A temporary means of obtaining increased distance between the skin and the cuff is to insert an endotracheal tube (ETT) through the stoma in place of the tracheostomy tube. This allows good positioning of the cuff in the trachea, but presents a problem of how to secure the tube to prevent dislodgement. To overcome this problem, we present a method of securing the ETT using the flange of an adjustable flange tracheostomy tube. METHOD Obtain a Portex® adjustable flange tracheostomy tube and Portex® endotracheal tube of the same diameter. Completely unscrew the plastic screw that is used to tighten the flange on the tracheostomy tube. Cut through the ring that attaches the flange to the tube (Fig 1). Figure 1 Attach the flange around the endotracheal tube and tighten the screw (Fig 2). Figure 2 Although this method is not meant as a permanent solution, it will act a temporary measure until a longer tracheostomy tube can be obtained, or the oedema settles sufficiently to allow the placement of a standard adjustable flange tracheostomy. References 1. Habib RH Optimal tracheal tube cuff inflation in infants: implications for mechanical ventilation and respiratory mechanics. Ann.Biomed.Eng 2001; 29 11: 997-1008. Using An Endotracheal Tube Combined With An Adjustable Flange As A Longer Tracheostomy Tube 2 of 3 2. Kearl RA, Hooper RG Massive airway leaks: an analysis of the role of endotracheal tubes. Crit Care Med. 1993; 21.4: 518-21. Using An Endotracheal Tube Combined With An Adjustable Flange As A Longer Tracheostomy Tube 3 of 3 Author Information David D. Pothier Specialist Registrar, St Michael's Hospital


Daily patterns of stomatal conductance (gs), xylem pressure potential (P) and canopy microclimatic variables were recorded on 11 sample days as part of a one-year study of the water use of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden in the eastern Transvaal, South Africa. Measured gs was found to be largely controlled by quantum flux density (Q) and ambient vapour pressure deficit (D). Canopy conductance (gc) was determined for hourly intervals using gs measurements and leaf areas in four different canopy levels. A simple model was constructed to allow the prediction of gc and transpiration from Q, D and season of year. The model was used to estimate transpiration rates from 10 trees in a later study of similarly-aged E. grandis trees, in which sap flow in each tree was measured using the heat pulse velocity (HPV) technique. Five of the trees were monitored on a summer day and five on a winter day. Correspondence between HPV sap flow and modelled transpiration was good for the summertime comparisons, but measured winter-time sap flow rates were underestimated by the model, especially under conditions of high sap flow. The discrepancy is believed to result from having insufficient data from the conductance study to describe the response of gs to relatively high D in winter. Marked variation in transpiration per unit leaf area indicates that a relatively large number of trees must be sampled for the HPV technique to be used to obtain a mean rate for an entire stand in winter.


.................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. v LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................... xvii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................ xx CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 1 1.1 The Indirect Band Gap ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Emission from Low Dimensional Silicon and Motivation for This Work ................... 2 1.3 Objective of the Thesis .............................................................................................. 3 1.4 Organization of the Thesis ......................................................................................... 4 1.5 Summary of Contribution .......................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW AND THEORITICAL CONSIDERATION .................... 6 2.


As a result of the analysis of bibliographic sources, important information was elucidated regarding the clinical manifestations and management of patients with tuberculosis associated with COVID-19 infection. The similarity of the clinical manifestations of these two diseases was confirmed along with the importance of investigations by the presence of "ground glass" opacities for the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. The increased mortality among patients suffering from co-infection TB/COVID-19 was argued by the presence of cardiovascular and endocrine comorbidities.


Management of innovation processes in a company is a field that is still not sufficiently researched and applied in practice. Managers in companies often do not know about modern techniques and design tools for creating innovation processes and about the possibility of their effective usage for management and in decision-making conditions. Therefore the main aim of the paper is to present contemporary theoretical and practical achievements in the field of innovation management, which focus on the area of innovation processes and emphasize the possibilities of managing innovation processes in business. The practical purpose of this study was to analyze the state and development of innovativeness of a selected group of Polish enterprises. The following methods were used in the work: a critical analysis of the literature, deductive methods, CAWI method (Computer Assisted Web Interview), and synthesis of measurement results of analytical indicators in selected functional areas of the studied enterprises. The conclusion was that for several years, it is clearly visible that a small group of innovative companies has formed in Poland that constantly increases its expenditure on innovative activities including research and development. In addition, the expenditures incurred are at a very decent level when compared to the European Union (EU) average, which suggests that these companies are competitive not only at the country level, but also outside it.


Diet composition, performance, and production of calves and lambs grazing in combination were contrasted between a repeatedseasonal (RSG) (May-Sep.) and a 16-subunit, 1-herd high-performance short-duration grazing (HPSDG) system during 1983 and 1984. Animal numbers were adjusted with put-and-take sets of livestock to attain planned forage use levels for each cycle in HPSDG and comparable end-of-season use levels in both treatments. Diet quality, as estimated from fecal nitrogen (N), was better (P<0.05) for the RSG livestock especially during the first 2 grazing periods. Similarity indices of lamb and calf diet composition indicated compatibility of the lamb and calf mix in both grazing systems treatments. Calves primarily selected western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii Rydb.) and annual grasses and lambs selected buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides [Nutt.] Engelm.) and blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis [H.B.K.J Lag. ex Griffiths). Average daily gain (ADG) of RSG calves was greater in both 1983 and 1984 (0.52 and 0.68 kg/d) compared to HPSDG calves (0.39 and 0.62 kg/d,P<0.05). RSG lamb ADG (72.6 g/d) was greater in 1983 compared to HPSDG (45.4 g/d, P<0.05). Attained stocking rates were 35 and 25% higher in HPSDG during 1983 and 1984, respectively. Gain/ha, however, was greater for the HPSDG calves and combined livestock (calves + lambs) only during 1984 (P<0.05).


The Frontlines of Peace tells the stories of the ordinary yet extraordinary individuals and communities that have found effective ways to confront violence. Drawing on twenty years of work in peacebuilding, including in-depth research in twelve conflict zones around the world as well as comparisons with social initiatives in North America and Europe, it shows that peace can grow in the most unlikely circumstances, with the help of the most unlikely heroes. The book opens our eyes to the well-intentioned but systematically flawed peace industry, shedding light on how typical aid interventions have been getting it wrong, and—more importantly—how a few of them have been getting it right. Contrary to what most politicians preach, resolving conflicts doesn't require billions of dollars in aid or massive international involvement. Real, lasting peace requires giving the power over to ordinary citizens. There have been many successful examples of peacebuilding in the past few years, all involving innovative grassroots initiatives led by local people and at times supported by foreigners, often using methods shunned by the international elite. So, rather than focusing on handshakes between presidents, abstract peace agreements, and endless negotiations between governments and rebel leaders, The Frontlines of Peace details the concrete, everyday actions that make a difference on the ground. The implications are clear: We must radically change our approach if we hope to end violence from war, address conflicts in our communities, and build lasting peace around us—whether we live in Congo, the United States, or elsewhere.


Subcutaneous fungal infection is one of the various forms of fungal infectionin which implantation of an organism occurs via trauma and primarilyinvolves the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Due to the depth of tissue involvementboth medical and surgical intervention is required. We report acase of a 55-year-old female presenting with a swelling of the right foot, biopsyof which revealed a subcutaneous fungal infection. With post-operativeoral antifungal administration, local excision, regular dressings followed by asplit skin graft, this patient's condition improved.


In the last decade, many kinds of exotic options have been traded and introduced in the financial market. This paper describes a new kind of exotic option, lookback options with knock‐out boundaries. These options are knock‐out options whose pay‐offs depend on the extrema of a given securities price over a certain period of time. Closed form expressions for the price of seven kinds of lookback options with knock‐out boundaries are obtained in this article. The numerical studies have also been presented.


This study investigated the relationships between motor skill proficiency, athletic identity, and physical activity level among adolescents. Understanding these relationships will help design strategies that motivate adolescents to be physically active across the lifespan. Ninety students, aged 11-14 years, from a middle school in Texas completed the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale and the Physical Activity Questionnaire to gauge athletic identity and physical activity level, respectively. To assess motor skill proficiency, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition was administered. The bootstrapping method by Preacher and Hayes (2004) was used to analyze simple mediation. The results revealed that athletic identity mediates the relationship between motor skill proficiency and physical activity level. Motor proficient individuals exhibited a stronger perception of themselves as "athletes", which then influenced higher engagement in physical activity. In order to increase physical activity, it is important to improve motor skillfulness, which appears to be the driver to the development of positive self-perception and ultimately physical activity.


Abstract : Tests were conducted to determine whether TECTROL controlled atmosphere would lead to an improvement in the quality and storage life of lettuce shipped to military organizations overseas. TECTROL is a proprietory system for shipping fresh fruits and vegetables through the introduction of specially proportioned gases into existing refrigerated containers and rail cars. The tests showed that where controlled atmospheres can be reasonably maintained, improvements in quality and increases in storage life will result. Reduction in the extent of pink rib and decay were found. In these tests, lettuce was shipped from the West Coast to Japan requiring five weeks; reductions in lettuce losses were found to range from 5.0% to 16.4% when compared to lettuce shipped conventionally in air. The break even point to defray the additional cost of TECTROL is estimated to be in the range of 2.7% to 5.4% reduction in lettuce loss. This indicates that the cost of TECTROL would be defrayed by reductions in lettuce loss during overseas shipment. Some data are presented to indicate that temperatures in loaded refrigerated containers are frequently somewhat higher than their thermostat settings indicate.


To prevent partial-shading issues in photovoltaic (PV) systems, various kinds of voltage equalizers that virtually unify characteristics of shaded and unshaded modules have been proposed. Although PV string utilization can be dramatically improved, PV systems tend to be complex and costly because, in addition to the main converter for string control, voltage equalizers are separately necessary. This paper proposes the single-switch single-magnetic pulse width modulation (PWM) converter integrating the voltage equalizer using the series-resonant voltage multiplier (SRVM) for standalone PV systems. By utilizing a square wave voltage generated across a filter inductor in a PWM buck converter for driving the SRVM, the main PWM converter and voltage equalizer can be integrated into a single unit with reducing the total switch and magnetic component counts, achieving not only system-level but also circuit-level simplifications. The experimental test using the prototype for three PV modules connected in series was performed emulating a partial-shading condition. The integrated converter effectively precluded the partial-shading issues and significantly improved the power available at a load, demonstrating its efficacy.


material Appendix 1), and measured the activity of the enzyme, phenoloxidase, a key enzyme in the immune response of the melanization cascade (Beckage 2008, Gonzalez-Santoyo and Cordoba-Aguilar 2012). Prior work with these two species of caterpillars showed that amount of melanization on a bead injected into the hemocoel was a strong predictor of parasitism success (Smilanich et al. 2009b). If parasitoid success can be linked to variation in the immune response as measured by PO enzyme , which in turn can be linked to diff erences in host plant traits, such as phytochemical diversity (Richards et al. 2015), then plants, herbivores, and parasitoids are linked in a tri-trophic relationship where variation in the defensive chemistry of plants act as bottom-up determinants of biodiversity by modifying herbivore responses and aff ecting parasitoid abundance and richness (Bukovinszky et al. 2009). For the caterpillar species studied here, ( Eois apyraria and Eois nympha , Geometridae: Larentiinae), the PO activity was signifi cantly stronger when fed Piper imperiale foliage compared to P. cenocladum foliage (F 1,95 10.31, n 98, n 0.001, Fig. 1A), and the interaction between Piper species and the Eois caterpillars was non-signifi cant (F 1,91 2.39, n 98, p 0.125), although the raw eff ect size of host on E. nympha is greater than that on E. apyraria (Fig. 1A). Th is diff erence represented a 46% decrease in immunity for caterpillars on the poorer host. Concomitant with the strength of the immune response, we found that parasitism frequency (from the long-term rearing dataset) was higher on P. cenocladum (12%) compared to P. imperiale (1.7%) (parasitism by Piper species association, Χ 2 30.58, DF 1, p 0.001; Fig. 1B), supporting our hypothesis that the diff erences in parasitism rates are associated with variation in the herbivore immune response. Th is raw eff ect size is considered a very strong decline in parasitism compared to other studies that report ecological eff ects on parasitism rates for macrolepidopterans (Stireman et al. 2005), and these studies indicate that such changes in parasitism result in substantial ecological consequences (Stireman et al. 2005). Although we do not know the exact mechanism by which the effi cacy of the immune response is altered, the variation in the immune response is possibly due to the diff erence in Ecography 39: 001–003, 2016 doi: 10.1111/ecog.02498 © 2016 Th e Authors. Ecography © 2016 Nordic Society Oikos Subject Editor: Sarah Diamond. Editor-in-Chief: Miguel Ara ú jo. Accepted 15 June 2016


The ways in which human societies have provided for themselves, whether it was the hunting and gathering strategies of native tribes in North America or the extensive cereal agriculture of peasants in China or the seasonal whaling expeditions of coastal communities in Siberia, have exacted a toll on their physical landscapes. Settled agriculture, the caloric basis of all civilizations around the world, makes exacting demands on natural ecosystems and imposes drastic changes on virgin terrains. Despite the destructive environmental effects that sometimes accompanied large-scale crop cultivation, agriculture has without a doubt enabled human societies to grow at a prodigious rate, allowing for much more concentrated population densities than were otherwise possible. The practice of extensive agriculture throughout history, however, has not freed human populations from their fragile relationship with natural habitats. At the end of the eighteenth century, Thomas Malthus, an English clergyman and economist, identified clearly the limits of agriculture in his influential treatise, "An Essay on the Principle of Population." Malthus argued that societies based on agriculture will always tend to outgrow their food supply. According to the Malthusian calculus, "population[s], when unchecked, increased in a geometrical ratio, and subsistence for man in an arithmetical ratio." That is, humans reproduce at a much greater rate than their capacity to produce food and thus at regular intervals stand at the brink of their own destruction.


The Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (ECERS) was used to measure the quality in 40 Swedish day care centers randomly chosen from the total number of day care centers in the city of Gothenburg. The ECERS was translated as exactly as possible from the original version. Statistical analysis of the inter‐rater agreement were made and problems in relation to the training and competence of the raters are discussed. The reliability of the instrument was estimated. Inter‐item correlations of the subscales and between these were analyzed. In a rotated varimax factor analysis one main factor was extracted explaining 40% of the variance. Items included in this factor were all related to the quality of the overall socialization and communicative environment like child/adult relationship, social‐emotional tone, informal use of language, etc. A second factor was interpreted as Quality of physical environment including items on learning material, display and room arrangement. Three small factors were interpreted...


Traditionally, there are two models for implementing differential privacy: local model and centralized model. Shuffled model is a relatively new model that aims to provide greater accuracy while preserving privacy by shuffling batches of similar data. In this paper, we consider the analytic privacy study of a shuffled model for "f -differential privacy"(f -DP), a new relaxation of traditional ( , δ)-differential privacy. We provide a powerful technique to import the existing shuffled model results proven for the ( , δ)-DP to f -DP, with which we derive a simple and easy-tointerpret theorem of privacy amplification by shuffling for f -DP. Furthermore, we prove that compared with the original shuffled model from Cheu et al. (2019), f -DP provides a tighter upper bound in terms of the privacy analysis of sum queries. The approach of f -DP can be applied to broader classes of models to achieve more accurate privacy analysis


A study on the treatment of Sugar Factory wasted water by using biological aerobic process was carried out at a laboratory sacle. Cow dung and chicken dung were used as inoculum to raduce the organic compounds is waste water. The levels of inoculum concentration used were 5; 10; 15; 20; and 25 per cent. The experiment was conducted bt a one way completely randomize design. The treatment process was followed by observing the changes in the BOD and COD parameters. The results showed that the chicken dung inculum reduce COD content up to 73-76 per cent and BOD content up to 81-86 per cent. The cow dung inculum reduced COD and BOD contents up to 97-92 percent and up to 65-95 per cent respectively.


This study aims to test Mattingly and Berman's (2006) taxonomy of social actions and develops divergent expectations for corporate social responsibility (CSR) dimensions directed toward institutional and technical stakeholders, with an aim to determine when CSR directed to different stakeholders is most likely to improve corporate reputation.,A longitudinal sample of 285 major US corporations was used to quantitatively test the hypotheses. Data was sourced from KLD, Osiris and Fortune MAC.,Strengths in CSR and actions directed toward technical stakeholders influence corporate reputation in a more profound way, when compared to those directed toward institutional stakeholders. Contrary to the authors' prediction, institutional concerns do not demonstrate a significant growth or reduction over the five-year period.,This study provides a longitudinal test of Mattingly and Berman's (2006) taxonomy of CSR actions and makes an important methodological contribution by operationalizing CSR not as a continuum from strengths to concerns, rather as two distinct constructs.,Management practice can benefit from a more fine-grained approach to stakeholder expectations and reputation outcomes. The results of this study leverage relevant stakeholder impact while allowing firms to appreciate the change in CSR actions and to measure it accordingly, such that the undesirable status quo that leads to potential loss in reputation growth can be avoided.,As organizations explore ways to effectively engage stakeholders for mutual benefit, this research shows how firms can have a positive impact.,This study tests and extends theory through an integrated lens, built on the stakeholder and resource dependence theories, while directing management attention to the broader reputational outcomes of targeted CSR initiatives. It provides justification for CSR investments over time.


The in-depth analysis of our industry's personnel and qualification requirements, which depend on new technological developments as well as on work and manage-ment structures, constitutes the starting point. New developments within the paper chain and the rapid exchange of information and manpower - necessitated by the on-going globalization - speed up the development of new and much-needed training and further training opportunities increasingly, whereby great importance should be placed on sifting out the purely fashionable. To optimally enjoy the benefits of new trainings, it is necessary to take stock of the existing potential and to do a lot of convincing as to lifelong learning, knowledge transmission and the creative development of each individual. The willingness to take on responsibility for one's own actions as well as to take on risks concerning em-ployees and superiors, while retaining essential controls, is a prerequisite. Services offered in the field of training and further training have to orientate towards these given facts and must bring about practical solutions, easily transferred into the operating cycle. Aside from technological optimizing it is a matter of careful selection and early-on integration of production staff as well as setting up essential organiza-tion structures. A growing trend can be seen in the project-orientated guidance by external managers coming from varying fields. Supervised by a well-ordered network, tried and at the same time constantly changing mechanisms of coordination allow machine start-ups as quickly as possible. This applies not only to the often discussed integration of management systems, such as quality, environment and work safety, into the production process. Even more important - apart from the essential technical skills - is the dedication and commitment to, plus the striving for concrete corporate goals. And the corporate philosophy must run stringently through all training and further training steps. All of the above make up the guidelines for our Bildungswerk Papier - our services have to be custom-made for each individual paper mill.


Abstract : A group of eleven explosive materials in powder and pellet form were subjected to Co60 gamma radiation and the results are tabulated and discussed. Teh explosives were studied using weight loss, dimensional change, vacuum stability, DTA, TGA, infrared spectra, melting point, impact sensitivity, explosion temperature and rates of detonation as a function of total gamma exposure up to and including levels of ten to the ninth power R. Based on this work, a damage threshold as a function of total gamma dose was determined for each material. The results indicate that the capability of the explosives studied to withstand Co60 gamma radiation decreases in the following order: TACOT = or > TATB = or > DATB = or > HMX = or > Tetryl = or > TNB = or > TNT = or > RDX = or > PETN > NGu > BaN6. (Author)


Solar UVB radiation evokes photokeratitis, accompanied by increased corneal hydration and changes in corneal transparency, resulting in increased light absorption. Corneal optical properties are disturbed and visual acuity decreased. The aim of this study was to investigate the reversibility of these UVB‐induced changes. Rabbit corneas were irradiated with UVB doses of 0.5 J cm−2 or 1.01 J cm−2 during 4 days. Some rabbits were sacrificed after the last irradiation and some 2 months later. Corneas were investigated spectrophotometrically for light absorption, and corneal hydration was evaluated by central corneal thickness with an ultrasonic pachymeter. Corneal impression cytologies were examined immunohistochemically for proinflammatory cytokines and malondialdehyde. The increased corneal light absorption, hydration and the staining of immunohistochemical markers found in corneas after irradiation returned to normal values during 2 months in corneas irradiated with the lower UVB dose. In contrast, in corneas irradiated with the higher UVB dose, a moderate but statistically significant increase in corneal light absorption, hydration and positive immunohistochemical stainings remained as residual changes. This was in contrast to normal corneas, where the staining of proinflammatory cytokines as well as malondialdehyde was negative. In conclusion, the reversibility of UVB‐induced disturbances was dependent on UVB dose.