ABSTRACT Studies of inquiry- and context-based science education (IC-BaSE) have shown that teachers find these approaches problematic. In this study, 12 primary school teachers' reflections on challenges related to IC-BaSE are explored. The aim of the study was to investigate which challenges primary teachers experience when working with IC-BaSE and how these may be solved. Group discussions and individual portfolios were used for data collection. Content analysis showed that the challenges teachers experienced were mainly practical relating to: how to find contexts, lack of time, handling big classes, students working at different paces, handling materials, and the teachers' need of control. The teachers also presented their own ideas of solutions to the challenges.


This qualitative study emerged from my observation that some youth diagnosed with ADHD gravitate towards the use of marijuana, and my resulting hypothesis that this is the substance used most often in self-medication for the symptoms of ADHD. Selected literature investigates ADHD, its causes, behaviour patterns, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments, then connects ADHD with other psychiatric disorders and with substance abuse. Other research reports the relationship between marijuana and mental health and explores the medicinal use of marijuana. I present narrative stories resulting fiom my extended interviews with 5 participants aged 20 to 32, all of whom have been diagnosed as having ADHD, and who use marijuana daily. My interpretive process suggests that these young people believe marijuana helps them attain a sense of normalcy in their lives. My summary explores predominant themes that evolved during the study: culture, addiction, and normalcy. ADHD Youth and Marijuana 3 How Youth With ADHD Narrate Their Relationship With Marijuana This is to certify that the master's thesis of


Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) rely on intervehicle relay to extend the communication range of individual vehicles for message transmissions to roadside units (RSUs). With the presence of a large number of quickly moving vehicles in the network, the end-to-end transmission performance from individual vehicles to RSUs through intervehicle relaying is, however, highly unreliable due to the violative intervehicle connectivity. As an effort toward this issue, this paper develops an efficient message routing scheme that can maximize the message delivery throughput from vehicles to RSUs. Specifically, we first develop a mathematical framework to analyze the asymptotic throughput scaling of VANETs. We demonstrate that in an urban-like layout, the achievable uplink throughput per vehicle from vehicle to RSUs scales as Θ(1/ log n) when the number of RSUs scales as Θ(n/log n) with n denoting vehicle population. By noting that the network throughput is bottlenecked by the unbalanced data traffic generated by hotspots of realistic urban areas, which may overload the RSUs nearby, a novel packet-forwarding scheme is proposed to approach the optimal network throughput by exploiting the mobility diversity of vehicles to balance the data traffic across the network. Using extensive simulations based on realistic traffic traces, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme can improve the network throughput approaching the asymptotic throughput capacity.


The mortuary business is based on prepayment installment transactions; a consumer receives service after he or she gains membership and pays in advance the items they choose. Making use of this kind of service, consumers can arrange a funeral, which usually costs them a fortune; therefore, the mortuary business has been seeing rapid growth. While the mortuary market is increasing, the consumers` damage is also increasing: the use of any deceptive or exaggerated advertisements, overcharge on cancellation, and refusal of contract cancellation. To protect consumers from being damaged, the installment transaction act was revised to create prepayment installment transaction regulation in Sep 18, 2010, so it has been possible to regulate the business since then: this change includes that by stipulating the registration requirements strictly, it prevents weak businesses from entering the industry and by making it sure to arrange preneed guaranty funds, it enables consumers to get back part of their payment when they can`t receive their service due to the fault of service providers. In addition, the revised act determines the content of information which must be offered when signing a contract, calls providers attention to prohibited actions, and makes it possible for consumers to made a rational decision. The United States emphasize offering enough and proper information to consumers, disclosing price to prevent deceptive or unfair acts, providing specifications, and presenting regulation provisions on funeral guide and consumers` information demand right, so that the nation can concentrate on making it easy for consumers to acquire information when arranging funeral procedures. It is a distinctive feature that this easy approach to information helps consumers choose proper funeral items for themselves. The characteristic of prepayment installment transaction in Japan is to prevent consumers` damage by preventing abundance of weak companies in advance through the license system and operation guarantee deposit system which make it hard to establish a mortuary company. The way of regulation in Korea is closer to that of Japan. In the long term, Korea must put an emphasis on offering information to consumers and expand compensation coverage for consumers` damage as in the case of America.


textabstractThe main subject of the current thesis is the role of somatostatin (SRIF)
receptors subtype 2 and 5 in the patho-physiological regulation of GH
and ACTH release from human pituitary adenomas. The sst expression
pattern in both types of pituitary adenomas is evaluated with respect to
the inhibitory effects by SRIF-analogs on hormone secretion from the
primary cultured tumor cells. The novel multiligand SOM230, compared
with the current clinically available SRIF-analog OCT, is evaluated both
for its clinical potential in the medical treatment of acromegaly, as well
for in vitro for its potential in the medical treatment in patients with Cushing's disease. SOM230, together with sst-selective analogs and chimeric
molecules, targeting the sst2, sst5 and Dopamine D2 Receptor, are used as
tools to retrieve insights with respect to the functional interplay between
sst2, sst5 and D2R in the regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity as well the
susceptibility of sst receptors to undergo ligand-induced adaptation, i.e.
tachyphylaxis, of inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity by SRIF-analogs.


Studies on recrystallization temperature of commercial purity magnesium prepared by vacuum evaporation process and super high purity magnesium obtained by repeated vacuum evaporation, were carried out by X-ray analysis.Influences on recrystallization temperature of working degree, purity of magnesium, working temperature, annealing time and temperatute, crystal grain size before working and aging at room temperature were investigated.Results obtained were as follows:1) Recrystallization temperature didn't much vary according to the working degree above 10%.2) The beginning and the end temperature of recrystallization of the re-evaporated high purity magnesium were the lowest; 75°-100°C and 208°-225°C respectively. Those of the commercial purity magnesium were the highest.3) The beginning temperature of recrystallization of evaporated high purity magnesium worked at 200°C was 150°-175°C and the same specimen workcd at 400°C recrystallized while working operation.4) Relation between the reciprocal of the absolute annealing temperature and the logarithm of the annealing time was linear in three kinds of pure magnesium.5) The recrystallization temperature of the specimens having average large crystal grain before working was higher than that having small grain.6) The recrystallization of re-evaporated high purity magnesium began for the first time after aging for 100 days at room temperature.


The paper describes the effect of cutting parameters and tool geometry on the surface quality after machining of an Al/ CFRP (aluminium alloy/ Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics) sandwich structure. A two-layer sandwich structure made of an EN AW 2024 aluminium alloy and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) was examined. The experiment used the process of peripheral milling. The experiment investigated the effects of cutting speed ( v c ), feed per blade ( f z ) and helix angle ( λ s ) on surface quality as defined by differences in the height of materials. It was also analysed how the machining conditions described above affected the values of cutting force components. In the experimental stage of the study, uncoated, double-bit carbide mill cutters with working diameter D c = 12 mm and a variable helix angle ( λ s = 20 ° , λ s = 35 ° , λ s = 45 ° ) were used. The results have shown that cutting parameters and tool geom etry do affect the surface quality and cutting forces after milling of the sandwich structure. The low est material height difference was achieved when machining with the helix angle λ s = 45 ° , cutting speed v c = 300 m/min and feed per blade f z = 0.08 mm/blade. The highest material height difference occurred after ma chining under the following conditions: v c = 300 m/min, f z = 0.08 mm/min, λ s = 20 ° . The minimum cutting force value was obtained for cutting parameters: v c = 80 m/min, f z = 0.08 mm/blade during milling with the helix angle λ s = 45 ° . The maximum cutting force was recorded during machining with the helix angle λ s = 20˚, cutting speed v c = 400 m/min and feed per blade f z = 0.08 mm/blade.


Micro-Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were employed to investigate the materials used in the wall paintings by the older Parmigianino (Francesco Mazzola, 1503–1540) on the arch over the main altar in the church of Santa Maria della Steccata in Parma, Italy. The pigments used by the artist and those added by later restorations are characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy. GC–MS identified the organic binding media in the paint samples and revealed the presence of polysaccharides in the plaster. These investigations may be useful for a comparison with the technique of the young Parmigianino, author of wall paintings in the church of S. Giovanni Evangelista in Parma in the 1520s. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A novel powdery polymer aerogel (PPA) with a hierarchical pore structure was prepared via hypercrosslinking of monodisperse poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) nanoparticles. Subsequently, the PPA was carbonized to obtain a powdery carbon aerogel (PCA) with a well-inherited pore structure and a much higher surface area (2354 m2 g-1). The PPA-coated and PCA-coated fibers were easily fabricated benefiting from the powdery morphologies of PPA and PCA, and demonstrated high extraction efficiencies towards hydrophobic analytes owing to their functional groups, unique three-dimensional (3D) porous nanonetworks and high surface areas.


Cross-speaker emotion transfer is a common approach to generating emotional speech when speech data with emotion labels from target speakers is not available. This paper presents a novel cross-speaker emotion transfer system named iEmoTTS. The system is composed of an emotion encoder, a prosody predictor, and a timbre encoder. The emotion encoder extracts the identity of emotion type and the respective emotion intensity from the mel-spectrogram of input speech. The emotion intensity is measured by the posterior probability that the input utterance carries that emotion. Unlike many other studies which focus on disentangling speaker and style factors of speech, the iEmoTTS is designed to achieve cross-speaker emotion transfer via disentanglement between prosody and timbre. Prosody is considered the primary carrier of emotion-related speech characteristics, and timbre accounts for the essential characteristics for speaker identification. Zero-shot emotion transfer, meaning that the speech of target speakers is not seen in model training, is also realized with iEmoTTS. Extensive experiments of subjective evaluation have been carried out. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of iEmoTTS compared with other recently proposed systems of cross-speaker emotion transfer. It is shown that iEmoTTS can produce speech with designated emotion types and controllable emotion intensity. With appropriate information bottleneck capacity, iEmoTTS is able to transfer emotional information to a new speaker effectively. Audio samples are publicly available.


We consider compression of unordered sets of distinct elements, focusing particularly on compressing sets of fixed-length bit strings in the presence of statistical information. We address previous work, and outline a novel compression algorithm that allows transparent incorporation of various estimates for probability distribution. Experiments allow the conclusion that set compression can benefit from incorporating statistics, using our method or variants of previously known techniques.


Background BHIVA published guidelines in 2008 on the treatment of HIV infected adults. These guidelines were used as a basis for optimal patient care. Aims To audit the following against BHIVA guidelines: (1) Initial investigations, assessment and monitoring after diagnosis (2) Choice of first line ARV regimen (3) Attainment of target HIV viral load <50 by 6 months of treatment (4) G.P. involvement in patient care. Methods The medical records of 24 HIV positive patients, who were diagnosed and started on ARV medication during the preceding 12 months, were reviewed. Results Initial investigations and assessment were done in all patients (100%), with the exception of cardiovascular risk assessment which was documented in only 20% of patients. 18/24 patients (75%) were started on the first line regimen recommended [2NRTI and 1 NNRTI], out of which 14 patients (58.3%) were started on Atripla. 5 patients (20.8%) received [2NRTI and boosted PI] and one patient was on [2NRTI and integrase inhibitor]. 20 patients (83.3%) achieved the target VL<50 within 6 months of treatment. In 3/24 (12.5%) patients the viral load was still detectable at 6 months. One patient moved away from the region. The G.P. was informed about the HIV positive status in only 62.5% patients. Conclusion Several areas of clinical practice were identified for improvement and the following actions recommended: the use of a web-based virtual clinic resource which includes links to CVS risk calculators; proactive discussion with patients regarding the importance of disclosure of HIV status to their GP for safe and efficient care.


Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and notwithstanding important therapeutic advances, it remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the US. Despite extensive research relating to the hormone ghrelin, responsible for the stimulation of growth hormone release and appetite, little is known of the effects of its unacylated form, especially in cancer. One major area of research relates to its reported effects to increase insulin sensitivity in diabetics, this being the basis for the development of unacylated ghrelin analog, AZP531 or livoletide, now in clinical trials for the treatment of Prader-Willi Syndrome. The mechanism of action of unacylated ghrelin is largely uncharacterized, in any system, because it does not bind to or activate the cognate ghrelin receptor, GHSR1a. The present study aimed to characterize effects of unacylated ghrelin on breast cancer cells, define its mechanism of action, and explore the therapeutic potential of unacylated ghrelin or analog AZP531. We report potent effects of unacylated ghrelin, at picomolar doses, on the growth of breast cancer cells, dependent on 3D culture and activation of Gαi. Suppression of MAPK signaling by unacylated ghrelin leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. AZP531 also suppresses the growth of breast cancer cells in vitro and in xenografts, and may be a novel approach for the safe and effective treatment of breast cancer.


This study aims to design a training tool for therapy of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASDs). Typically, ASDs pass through obstacle track several times with sandbags, which should be picked up from starting point and threw into a box at the end during sensory integration therapy. Counting the sandbags can help ASDs to have concept about the progress of mission. We redesign the counting box named "Skybox" which can help counting by playing sound after detect something throw in it. Aims to probe into the sound preference of two main subjects, an experiment with four kinds of sounds is conducted in this paper by using the method of paired comparisons. The result shows they like animals most, followed by human voice and nature sounds, and music instrument is the last. The material preference experiment shows two subjects like acrylic most, wood and paper are secondary while furry is the last. Skybox shortens their training time for 23.53%, 29.87% and 37.37% in three different projects. We consider that Skybox attracts ASDs therefore reduces their distraction and improves their performance in the usability test.


Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of microembolic signal (MES) monitoring by transcranial Doppler (TCD),and dysfunction of coagulation and fibronolysis in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Methods:The data of 69 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and 43 controls were collected,including their sex,age,disease history,X-ray plain and frequency spectrum of TCD. The levels of fibrinogen (Fg) and D-Dimer (D-D) were determined. Results:There was significant difference in the MES detection ratio between ischemic cerebrovascular disease group [including cerebral thrombosis group and transient ischemia attack (TIA) group)] and control group,but there was no significant difference between the cerebral thrombosis group and TIA group. MES and hypertension were two variables in the Logistic model of ischemic recurrence in statistics. The level of Fg was significantly higher in ischemic cerebrovascular disease group,especially in cerebral thrombosis group than in control group,but there was no difference between TIA group and control group. Moreover,the level of D-D in disease group was also significantly higher than in control group. Conclusion:There was a close association between the MES and ischemic cerebrovascular disease. MES may be an independent risk factor of occurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.


Aims: To assess the aquaculture potential of endogenous species in their habitat for domestication and preservation. Study Design: Growth performances of fish caught was analyzed by family, species, sex and month. Place and Duration: This study was conducted from April 12 to June 28, 2016 at CREVS (Cameroon Reptiles and Ecosystems Valorization Society) located in the District of Yabassi, Department of Nkam, Coastal Region of Cameroon. Methodology: A total of 160 fishes were collected by quantitative sampling for 3 months in the Nkam River. Original Research Article Tiogué et al.; AJRIZ, 3(1): 1-12, 2020; Article no.AJRIZ.54453 2 Results: It appears that two families of fish were recorded: the Cyprinidae (Labeo sanagaensis) and the Cichlidae (Tilapia cameronensis, Sarotherodon galilaeus sanagaensis, Sarotherodon nigripinnis dolloi, Tylochromis sudanensis, Hemichromis elongatus, Tylochromis trewavasae and Chromidotilapia gutheri gutheri). L. sanagaensis recorded the highest relative abundance (30%) against 3.13% (C. gutheri gutheri). Large fish were recorded in the majority of species in males, except in T. trewavasae and H. elongatus. The average total length was 23.71 ± 8.31 cm and the average total weight was 266.11 ± 200.96 g. Size frequency distribution of fish was bimodal with a large mode at size 20 cm and a small at size 36 cm. Small fish were abundant in catches especially in S. nigripinnis dolloi and C. gutheri gutheri. The allometric coefficient b of the weightlength relationship averaged 3.01 ± 0.87. The fish presented three types of growth: isometric, positive and negative allometric, and the condition factor K was greater than 1. Conclusion: It was concluded that these fish species could in general be potential candidates for domestication.


Tomato seeds were more responsive than wheat or lettuce seeds to the presence of an inhibitor in the juice of tomato fruits. Seed germination and seedling growth decreased with increasing concentrations of juice. Inhibition of seed germination in 20% juice with an osmotic concentration of less than 0.1 M was significantly less than in 0.1 M glucose or mannitol with 0.01 M citric acid at pH 4.4. The inhibitor in tomato juice was thermostable, but the effect decreased with prolonged storage at -20°C. There were cultivar differences in the amount of inhibitor present in ripe tomato fruits.


There is an increasing awareness of the importance of the syncytiotrophoblast (ST) membrane, which has led to its biochemical characterization by several groups of workers (Boyd et al., 1979; Whitsett et al., 1979; Ogbimi & Johnson, 1980). Morphological zonal variations in the normal human term placenta have been described by several investigators (Burgos & Rodriguez, 1966; Teasdale, 1978). There are also differentiated regions of placental cell surface that have been shown to be associated with exchange of materials between maternal and foetal circulation (Fox, 1978; Clint et al., 1979). One would expect that these differences would result in some localization or receptors and membrane enzymes according to their particular functions. It has been suggested that plasma membrane facing the maternal side is rich in alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase and the basal membrane facing the foetal side is rich in (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase and adenylate cyclase (Whitsett et al.. 1979; Boyd et al., 1979). The purpose of this investigation was to isolate and characterize placental ST membrane in order to delineate those areas that have different physiological functions. Fresh term placentae from uncomplicated pregnancies were used for all preparations. Membranes (A) were purified by differential and discontinuous sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation described by Snary et al. (1976). with some modifications. Briefly, a washed microsomal pellet obtained by this technique was placed on top of a discontinuous sucrose gradient consisting of 37% (w/v) solution overlaid with 25% (w/v) solution. The sample was centrifuged at 65000g for 16h in a MSE 65 centrifuge. Membranes collecting at the interface of the gradient were removed and washed thrice with Tris/HCI buffer. pH 7.3, by sedimentation at lOO000g for 30min. Microvillous plasma membranes (B) were prepared as described by Smith & Brush (1978). The microvillous pellet ( 100000g) was then further purified by discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation as described for the preparation (A). A further preparation (C) was obtained by using the tissue remaining from preparation (B) and treated as in preparation (A). The distribution of plasma-membrane marker enzymes alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase did not show a specific localization in microvillous membrane (B) or in non-microvillous preparation (C). The total enzyme activities were usually 2-3 times higher in (B) compared with fraction (C). Compared with total homogenate, all membrane fractions. (A), (B) and (C), were enriched approx. 2-5-fold in 5'-nucleotidase and (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase and more than 10-fold in alkaline phosphatase. Further purification of (B) by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation, as used for preparation (A), resulted in a further 2-fold enrichment of 5'-nucleotidase. Basal or fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity could not be demonstrated in preparation (B) by the method of Whitsett et al. (1979). but assaying cyclic AMP by the cyclic AMP-binding-protein assay described by Brown et al. (1972). There was, however. considerable activity of this enzyme in preparation (C). All three types of membrane preparations consisted primarily of plasma-membrane vesicles as viewed by electron microscopy. The preparations were found to be free of specific enzyme markers for subcellular contaminants. The distribution of the protein bands by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (Weber & Osborn, 1969) showed a similar pattern for all three preparations. Seven major bands were observed, with apparent mol.wts. of 38000, 43000, 48000, 78000, 85000, 90000 and 140000. Approximately seven minor bands were also seen. There were three minor bands in the 30000-35 000-mol.wt. range, three around 55000-65000 and another one. around 115000. Our results show that adenylate cyclase activity is absent from microvillous (B), confirming the results of Whitsett et al. (1979); unlike these workers, however, we have shown that this enzyme is distributed quite evenly in preparations (A) and (C). Moreover, our membrane preparations do not display the biphasic enzyme distribution that led Boyd et al. (1979) to claim that the fraction containing adenylate cyclase and (Na+ + K+)activated ATPase represented the basement membrane and the fraction containing alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase represented the microvillous fraction. We further characterized our preparations (A) and (C) by using specific antibody against type IV collagen, which is a constituent of the basement membrane (Bailey et al., 1979). By using indirect immunofluorescence we were unable to detect the presence of type I V collagen in preparations (A) and (C). This antibody showed specific binding to the basement membrane in sections of term placenta by indirect immunofluorescence (S. F. Contractor, unpublished work). In view of its regulatory role in cyclic AMP metabolism. it is not surprising to find adenylate cyclase activity distributed throughout the non-microvillous area of the ST membrane. It is now clearly established that the ST membrane is rich in many different receptors whose functions depend on cyclic AMPmediated processes. This work now needs to be extended to define those processes linked to the adenylate cyclase system of ST membrane.


Several models , including power series in mole or equivalent fraction and quasi-chemical theory used for describing the Gibbs energy of rare earth involving halide liquid phase are discussed. For the RECb-ACl (RE: Y, La, Ce, Nd, Gd etc. and A: alkali metals ) systems whose measured enthalpies of mixing in liquid tend to be characteristic V-shaped curves and become more negative with the variation of A from Li to Cs, the thermodynamic properties of liquid can be satisfactorily represented by power series in the equivalent . fraction and a modified quasichemical model, respectively.


This award supports collaborative research between Kansas State University and Sandia National Laboratories on the topic ''Molecular simulations of complex fluids in confined geometries.'' The objectives of this work are to develop new methodologies for fast and accurate simulations, and to apply simulations to various problems of interest to DOE. The success of this work will address several deficiencies in Sandia's capabilities in the area of molecular simulations. In addition, it provides educational opportunities for students and will enhance the science and technology capabilities at Kansas State through partnership with the national laboratories.


PURPOSE: A method for retransmitting an RRC(Radio Resource Control)connection request message in a mobile communication system providing an MBMS is provided to control so that a user terminal can effectively retransmit an RRC connection setting message in a wireless communication system providing an MBMS, and enable a base station to determine time information for retransmitting an RRC connection message. CONSTITUTION: A wireless communication system includes a base station, a plurality of user terminals that exist in a cell covered by the base station and receive an MBMS, and a base station controller that allocates wireless resources to the user terminals. A method for retransmitting an RRC request message in the wireless communication system comprises a step of determining a timer value in response to the MBMS by the base station controller. The determined timer value is included in a message for informing a start of the MBMS. The message is transmitted to the user terminals. Each of the user terminals transmits an RRC connection setting message to the base station controller.


In our earlier work, we introduced a discrete-event system-based fault-tolerance approach designed to handle intermittent faults. This approach is different from the typical fault-tolerant methodology as the approach does not rely on detecting faults and switching to a new supervisor; it requires a supervisor to be designed that works correctly under normal and fault conditions. This is a passive approach that relies upon inherent redundancy in the system being controlled. This is also a foundation method that should allow a wide variety of existing fault approaches to be modelled but still allow controllability and nonblocking properties to be verified. Permanent faults could be modelled in this framework, but the current method was onerous. In this paper, we introduce a new modelling approach for permanent faults that is easy to use, as well as a set of new permanent fault-tolerant definitions. They are designed to capture several types of permanent fault scenarios (generic situations such as at most one fault occurs) and to ensure that our system remains controllable and nonblocking in each scenario. New definitions and scenarios were required as the previous ones were incompatible with the new permanent fault modelling approach. Finally, we present algorithms to verify these properties, followed by complexity analyses and correctness proofs of the algorithms. An example is then provided to illustrate our approach.


have become busier and, paradoxically, the increased workload has been felt most in well-run departments. The increase has been due to: A true rise in the number of cases being seen A greater filtering function performed by the department. The filtering function is time-consuming because it requires doctors requesting Xrays and pathology tests that would have been requested by inpatient staff a decade ago when there were more beds available The greater need to discharge patients back into the community to save on hospital admissions The process required in making a wise and safe decision by A&E and inpatient staff means that the time spent in A&E can be increased. The medical staffing of A&E has changed in the past 15 years. It was common for A&E departments to be staffed with doctors who had more experience. They managed well in the less litigation prone atmosphere that prevailed at the time. Now departments tend to recruit locally qualified doctors, most of whom are doing A&E work as their first post-registration job. The learning cycle for these doctors is therefore extended and their training needs intrude upon their service commitment (this intrusion is warranted). Information and supporting technology (IT) is often seen as a bureaucratic process rather than an aid to expedite the patient process, depending on systems in place. For example, electronic systems can order blood tests, prioritise requests and print the necessary supporting documentation far more efficiently than the laborious task of filling in multiple requests forms by hand and making many phone calls to the laboratory. Some A&E doctors get more involved in resuscitation room work that is more attractive than sorting out intermediate type major cases and minor injuries and illnesses. Another feature to be considered is the level of disillusionment and resultant lack of motivation among some doctors; although every August the senior house officers in A&E medicine are excellent, those employed in February can be a mixed bunch. It is not unusual for A&E consultants to bemoan the lack of motivation of some of these doctors. In addition to these difficulties, there are bottlenecks caused for reasons that are outside the control of the department. Second opinions from specialty doctors can take time because the registrar or SHO is busy doing other things, a bed may not be available when the patient needs admission and significant delays can be experienced in obtaining radiology and pathology tests.


Ƞ 뀀ഀȠ Creating green neighborhood developments yet remains a problem. Real estate developers in many of the developed countries work on providing smart complexes for new generations. Green thinking and resilience approach is started to spread more and widely applied due to the environmental and socioeconomic burden of livable communities. Green developments market is hampered by several factors one of which is the financing capabilities and the higher capital cost the owner will invest. The go-green decision has to be made during the pre-design phase where the feasibility and preliminary concept design are set for discussion. Development's profitability and pricing strategy are correlated as the latter reflects the property competitiveness hence potentially positions the developer in the market. The study proposes a spatial assistant tool for policy makers and local and private planning authorities to better plan and price for new green communities. The development of the model provides a methodological approach to quantify some aesthetic indices.


richard robinson The breakdown of the bloodbrain barrier (BBB) occurs earlier than, and is independent of, an accumulation of either amyloid or tau in people with early cognitive decline, even in the absence of recognized vascular risk factors, according to a study published in the January 14 online edition of Nature Medicine. The finding adds to the growing recognition that BBB breakdown may be a seminal process that drives the pathogenesis of dementia. The study demonstrated the potential of a new biomarker for BBB integrity, called soluble platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (sPDGFR-beta). Measuring sPDGFR-beta in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may prove useful in predicting impending clinical cognitive impairment, said the study's lead author Berislav Zlokovic, MD, PhD, chair and professor of physiology and neuroscience at the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California. But, he added, more work will be needed to understand its potential in this regard. sPDGFR-beta is shed by capillary pericytes, a principal component of the BBB, and its presence in CSF is an indication of barrier damage, Dr. Zlokovic explained. Vascular contributions to dementia have long been recognized, he noted, including in Alzheimer's disease (AD). But it has been hypothesized that vascular changes seen in AD were due to the toxic effects of amyloid-beta (Abeta) or tau accumulation. Continued on page 36


Expressions have been derived for fractional changes in intensity of double resonance transitions for weak irradiation of two spin systems for random field and dipole–dipole interactions. The relative fractional changes are shown to be independent of the strength and small offsets of the irradiation and the strength of the observing field. The fractional changes are found to be quite sensitive to the relaxation mechanisms, thereby allowing a simple interpretation of the observed fractional changes in terms of the relaxation mechanism operative in the spin system. Overhauser experiments have been performed on the AX spin system of 2,2‐dichloroacetaldehyde, studied in different sample conditions and the AB spin system of 1‐bromo‐1‐chloroethylene. All the degassed samples have been shown to have contributions from both random field and dipole–dipole interactions, the magnitudes of which have been obtained in each case. An analysis of sources of errors in these experiments indicates that even for strengths of...


Domain walls in N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory conjecturally support topological degrees of freedom at low energy. Domain wall junctions are thus expected to support gapless degrees of freedom. We propose a natural candidate for the low-energy description of such junctions.


A salient stimulus may interrupt visual search because of attentional capture. It has been shown that attentional capture occurs with a wide, but not with a small attentional window. We tested the hypothesis that capture depends more strongly on the shape of the attentional window than on its size. Search elements were arranged in two nested rings. The ring containing the search target remained fixed, while a salient color singleton occurred either in the same or in the other ring. We observed that color singletons only disrupted search when shown in the same ring as the search target. It is important to note that, when focusing on the outer array, which presumably required a larger attentional window, singletons on the inner array did not capture attention. In contrast to the original attentional window hypothesis, our results show that attentional capture does not always occur with a large attentional window. Rather, attention can be flexibly allocated to the set of relevant stimulus locations and attentional capture is confined to the attended locations. Further experiments showed that attention was allocated to search elements that were perceptually grouped into " whole " or " Gestalt "-like objects, which prevented attentional capture from nearby locations. However, when attention was allocated to noncontiguous locations that did not form a perceptual Gestalt, nearby locations elicited attentional capture. Perceptual grouping could be based on a combination of color and position, but not on color alone. Thus, the allocation of attention to Gestalt-like objects that were jointly defined by similarity and proximity prevented attentional capture from nearby locations. Visual attention selects parts of the available information for further processing. The selected information is prioritized and enters capacity-limited channels like visual short-term memory or consciousness, while nonselected information is likely to go un-noticed. A fundamental and hotly debated question is whether and how attentional selection is driven by bottom-up (Theeuwes, 2010) and top-down factors (e. additional singleton paradigm are frequently used. For instance, observers are asked to search for a shape singleton. On some trials, an additional, irrelevant color singleton is presented which slows down search time. Because the disruption increases with the saliency of the irrelevant singleton, Theeuwes (2010) concluded that bottom-up factors drive attention, at least initially (Van Zoest, Donk, & Theeuwes, 2004). However, attentional capture has been shown to occur only when attention is widely spread across the display. In difficult searches, the attentional window is …


A particle-tracing code, PTRACE, has been originally developed for helping scientists in the interpretation of experimental data, usually collected in the form of two-dimensional cross-sections of the ion-beam used as a probe. The code allows for tracing ions through user-prescribed electromagnetic structures, which can be described by analytical formulas or as field maps obtained from other simulation tools. The code also computes the deposition of the ion beam in nuclear track detectors or radiochromic film stack detectors for direct comparison with actual data.


In this article, we investigate the suitability of wireless technologies in healthcare/hospital environments. We focus on Wireless Personal Area Network technologies, namely, Bluetooth and the low-rate specifications described in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. We evaluate the relevance of each technology for supporting medical applications and examine related scalability issues. Moreover, we consider heterogeneous wireless technology environments and quantify the interaction between Bluetooth devices and IEEE 802.15.4 devices when they operate in the same environment.


In the article the analysis of existing technical solutions, which increased to increased efficiency of current sensors due to the use in magnetic cores, traditional soft magnetic materials. The peculiarity of these sensors is their non contact design make-numbers that requires no mechanical influence, and they work by changing the e-electromagnetic fields. Main construction elements of inductive sensor are about-coil inductance and magnetic system, representing a magnetic circuit with a mobile element (anchor, core), which performs a linear or angular displacement under the action of the measured value. The main parameter of such sensors is the lineless and continuity features, which reaches application of materials with good-mi magnetic properties. The aim of the research is the definition of the properties and possible applications of amorphous steel in inductive current sensors. Research and compare the results were made current sensors with ferromagnetic cores on the basis of ferrite, permalloy, electrotechnical steel and amorphous steel coils. Studies have shown an opportunity of application of cores from amorphous steel after thermo-magnetic processing in magnetic inductive current sensors. This decision promotes exists a reduction of material consumption and, accordingly, leads to the decrease of the dimensions of magnetic cores.


There is regarded the motive of tree in Michael Khoninov`s lyrics and prose. The image of birch in the creativity of the Kalmyk writer reflected both the universal and his personal perception of the tree as the symbol of time and space, generation and motherland, life and death, memory and immortality. The autobiographical aspect of Khoninov`s creativity transmits the reception and representation of the alien as personal through the image of birch in the war and peace time.


Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children and adults. Leukemia produces a large number of immature blood cells in the bone marrow. The detection of leukemia in the earlier stage is important before it spreads into the blood streams and other vital organs. For decades, the diagnosis of leukemia has been done by experienced operators and it is a time consuming task for pathologists. The computer aided detection of acute lymphoblastic leukemia using supervised learning is discussed in this paper. The proposed method reduces the diagnostic time and gives better accuracy. The microscopic blood smear images from the database are preprocessed and segmented as three clusters based on shape, color and texture using k-means clustering algorithm .The texture features are extracted by grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and local binary Pattern (LBP). Support vector machine (SVM) with Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) as kernel is used for classification. The proposed methodology is tested for 367 images from ALL-IDB. The accuracy of 90.5% for ALL-IDB1 and 95.3% for ALL-IDB2 are obtained using SVM classifier and the results are compared with other standard classifiers such as Linear Discriminant (LD), Ensemble (Bagged trees) and KNN.


In article the content of cultureformed training and its feature in relation to training in economic disciplines and formation of common cultural competences of future experts is considered.


On the basis of cold macerate method to extract the insecticidal components of 23 plants,the acaricidic activity for Tetranychus cinnarinus Boisduva in 24 h was mornitored respectively,methanol extracts of 0903T2 as well as other 13 Plants have shown high bioactivities,corrected mortalities in 24 h were all above 90%.Further determination of 5 plants toxicity indicated that extract of 1221J showed the highest toxicity with the lowest LC50 value of 0.041 g/L,next was 0910T4 and 1126D2 with lower LC50 values of 0.554 g/L and 0.641 g/L,respectively.0910T4 extracts for security of natural enemies indicated that the corrected mortalities of two natural enemies in the cotton field,Coccinella septempunctata L.and Hippodamia variegata(Goeze) were 12.47% and 23.08%,which showed the highest security under high concentration of 40 g/L.


Through communication and interaction,news publicity can both build closer co-operative relation and timely find out the inharmony between the government and the public.Through news conferences,the government explains its policies and guides direction of public opinions.


By analyzing the corresponding relations between a lot of actual measurement data of CRT input color corrdinate(R,G,B) and output color corrdinate(L,a,b).Through the device-independent color space"Lab",we will set up a color convert model from laser TV to CRT.Based on the convert model,realize the CRT predicts output effect is the laser TV output effect,which makes laser TV accurately reproduce the CRT color,finally realize the effect:"what you see is you see."


This paper summarized advances of treatment of primary liver cancer with cinobufacini injection in recent years from two aspects: clinical application and experimental research.


A digital high-speed voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) has been developed which uses frequency-multiplication and division to attain a wide frequency range of 0.5-13.66 GHz. The circuit is implemented in differential current-mode logic using GaAs-AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). This paper discusses top-level system design as well as the design of several key components.


Summary Fifty four calves have been anaesthetized for insertion of a pulmonary valve prosthesis by a technique using nitrous oxide, halothane and gallamine relaxation. Anaesthetic supplementation during by-pass was achieved with methohexitone 1 mg/kg. Post-perfusion hypoxaemia and pulmonary complications were avoided by carefully controlled ventilation and post-operative oxygen supplementation.


Mitochondria are critical cellular organelles for energy generation and are now also recognized as playing important roles in cellular signaling. Their central role in energy metabolism, as well as their high abundance in hepatocytes, make them important targets for drug-induced hepatotoxicity. This review summarizes the current mechanistic understanding of the role of mitochondria in drug-induced hepatotoxicity caused by acetaminophen, diclofenac, anti-tuberculosis drugs such as rifampin and isoniazid, anti-epileptic drugs such as valproic acid and constituents of herbal supplements such as pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The utilization of circulating mitochondrial-specific biomarkers in understanding mechanisms of toxicity in humans will also be examined. In summary, it is well-established that mitochondria are central to acetaminophen-induced cell death. However, the most promising areas for clinically useful therapeutic interventions after acetaminophen toxicity may involve the promotion of adaptive responses and repair processes including mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, In contrast, the limited understanding of the role of mitochondria in various aspects of hepatotoxicity by most other drugs and herbs requires more detailed mechanistic investigations in both animals and humans. Development of clinically relevant animal models and more translational studies using mechanistic biomarkers are critical for progress in this area.


Abstract Telenephrology has been suggested as an approach to facilitate coordinated care between primary care providers and nephrologists for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Telehealth, the delivery of health-related services and information at a distance by telecommunication technologies, has been relatively little used in nephrology. Technologies used in telehealth continue to expand and range from telephone consultation to various web-based applications. Telehealth offers potential benefits and efficiencies, but evidence of its effectiveness and economic impact is less extensive than might be expected. A recent overview noted limitations in the telehealth literature, including many short-term feasibility studies with few participants, failure to adequately describe the intervention, sparse evidence for the cost-effectiveness of telehealth care, and absence of adequate information regarding patient safety. These are points that need to be considered in applying telehealth to nephrology. There may also be logistical concerns in deploying telenephrology applications.


Consumers, be they individuals or companies, rely on professional advice supplied by surveyors. With specific commentary often required on individual local markets, it is imperative that we understand the limits to our knowledge and understanding of different areas. This paper examines the issues relating to the transportability and dissemination of knowledge. It considers how knowledge is disseminated, if local knowledge is transportable, and how these issues impact on practice.


Introduction/Objective. This study aimed to translate the original disease
 specific Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ) into Serbian and validate
 the new version in the cohort of young Serbian orthodontic patients.
 Methods. At the university clinic 154 patients filled out MIQ in Serbian
 before the start of the orthodontic treatment from which 112 participants
 completed the same questionnaire after four weeks. Index of Orthodontic
 Treatment Need (IOTN-DHC) and Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) pretreatment
 score were recorded. Descriptive statistic, Cronbach?s Alpha, Spearman's rho
 and Exploratory Factor Analysis followed by Parallel Analysis for factor
 reduction were calculated and analyzed. Results. One hundred forty-eight
 patients with no missing responses (51 male, 97 female), average age 13.3 ?
 2.00 years had MIQ total scores mean of 10,14 ? 7,451. Internal reliability
 (? = 0.913), external reliability (? = 0.906; p = 0.000), construct validity
 tested by MIQ total scores and two global question scores correlations (? =
 0.682; p = 0.000 and ? = 0.366; p = 0.000), as well as clinical validity
 tested by correlations of MIQ total scores with PAR pretreatment scores (? =
 0.181; p < 0.05), and IOTN-DHC scores (? = 0.192; p < 0.05) were positive
 and statistically significant. One item factor was extracted and explained
 great part of the cumulative variance. Conclusion. Reliability and validity
 of the translated and cross-culturally adapted MIQ in Serbian is
 satisfactory. It could be used for malocclusion related quality of life
 assessments in young Serbian orthodontic patients.


Cyclical contractions in labor market opportunities may lead to increased demand for post-secondary education as the opportunity cost of enrollment falls during bad economic times. However, decisions to enroll also depend on the capacity to nance college and it is likely that credit constraints will be exacerbated in bad economic times and among workers who have experienced job loss. As a starting point, we measure the enrollment response to changing economic conditions, comparing eighteen and nineteen year-olds and older individuals likely to have accumulated some labor market experience. We nd that individuals in their mid to late-twenties are proportionally more responsive to cyclical variation. Our work


Objective: The social network of college students is important for
 their alcohol consumption, but the role of relationship reciprocity in this process has not yet
 been clarified. Methods: Every week during the first semester, 57 Psychology freshmen indicated
 their alcohol drinking days, estimated number of drinks per drinking day, and their three most
 liked classmates (to assess reciprocated and non-reciprocated relationships). Results:
 Multilevel modeling of weekly changes yielded that drinking days were adjusted to peers in
 reciprocated relationships only (reciprocated: b = .15, p = .001 vs. non-reciprocated: b =
 -.02, p = .680), while reciprocation was not important for number of drinks (reciprocated: b =
 .11, p = .015 vs. non-reciprocated: b = .10, p = .013). Conclusions: Mutual liking is needed
 for adjusting to classmates' drinking days, but not for number of drinks per drinking day. This
 may be due to strategies for improving one's social status.


The invention is a reconfigurable optical grating device using force from programmable magnets to alter the mechanical strain, preferably a tensile strain, on the gratings so as to induce a latchable change in grating periodicity using a pulse or short-duration current. It includes apparatus for limiting the maximum strain applied to the grating so that the fiber does not fracture, and it provides strain without rotation or twisting of the fiber grating. In preferred embodiment it provides control of magnetic force so as to accurately obtain a predetermined amount of strain and hence wavelength shift in the grating with a minimal amount of electrical power. The inventive structure is useful, e.g. for wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system comprising wavelength channel add/drop devices and/or dynamically gain-equalized amplifiers.


NEEDLESS TO SAY, I feel myself highly honored by having been chosen the 1982 recipient of the RousWhipple Award of our Association. I hasten to add that it is an award not to me personally, but to our research group. We work cooperatively, as a group, with maximum individual freedom but with much opportunity to discuss, interact, criticize, and especially "have fun" intellectually. The continued interplay between biochemistry and cell and tissue structure and organism that has been possible in the group I have especially treasured, since it allowed an unusual degree of flexibility and versatility. This group of senior colleagues consists of D.S.R. Sarma, Sri Rajalakshmi, Prema Rao, Alan Medline, Bob Murray, and most recently, Ross Cameron, with a visiting professor Lennart Eriksson and Drs. Ghoshal and Roomi. Among our junior colleagues should be mentioned George Lee, Esther Roberts, and Miriam Ahluwalia. Especially valuable are and have been the contributions of our students and fellows. Their keen interest, energy, and motivation, coupled with a touch of naivete and ingenuousness, have often given the major clue to some perplexing aspect of a problem. I am perpetually grateful to them for keeping the mind young as the body "matures." I especially welcome this opportunity to share with you some of our ideas and concepts that have been evolving over the past two decades. These at times seem a little unorthodox, at least to some of our chemist colleagues in chemical carcinogenesis. I would like to think that the pathologist one-half or threequarters of me brings a different perspective than the conventional and encourages new approaches.


Monitoring the shape changes of the optic disk is crucial for the early detection of glaucoma. This requires the optic disk to be segmented from the surrounding fundus. Previous methods required the boundary to be identified manually, for example, by specifying four control points on the boundary. This is not practical for routine clinical analysis, intra-observer and inter-observer variations are tend to be large. We develop an automatic boundary detection technique based on morphological filtering and an active contour model.


I read with delight the article by Sokol and Dattani on how surgeons should seek consent for elective surgery during the pandemic.1 I had been struggling with this matter for weeks, in the absence of formal guidance and under pressure to restart elective work and reduce the waiting list.

The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCSEng) …


policy decisions are made and collective goods allocated in the face of the system he describes. Yet, it is hard to see how his subject could have lent itself to a more rigorous methodology. Moreover, the unanswered questions could be argued to be beyond the scope of his analysis. In a clear, well written format, Zuckerman has presented and supported an important theory of how politics in many democracies actually operates.


This article describes a method to optimize the utilization of a BIPV system with battery energy storage at an administrative office building in Jeseník, Czech Republic. Solar analysis is taking into account constraints from the architecture and surrounding of the building in order to identify suitable surfaces and propose BIPV solutions. A validated PV model is used for the estimation of the annual energy output depending on the PV configuration (technology, capacity etc.). Based on real data from one year of operation, an emphasis is also be given on the optimal control strategy for the operation of the system with the aim to increase the self-sufficiency of the building. To this end, optimal solution is proposed indicating the optimal strategy in terms of increasing the sustainability of the building with the minimum required cost.


Annual and perennial plant vegetation was sampled following a controlled burn (1981) and a wildflre (1980) in the Upper Sonoran Desert near Phoenix, Ariz. Perennial plant composition 1 year after controlled burning included 32% shoot survivors, 30% sprouters, and 38% seeders, mostly brittle bush (Enceliafarinosd). Several invader species, stickweed (Stephanomeria exigua) and four o'clock (Mirabilis bigelovii) were important seeders, indicating that there may be postfire successional communities in the Upper Sonoran Desert. Most cacti were fire killed or died eventually from fire damage. Total annual plant density decreased (69%) while biomass increased significantly (131%) on burned areas. Red brome (Bromus rubens) was essentially eliminated 1 year after fire while schismus (Schismus arabicus) and Indian wheat (Plantago spp.) increased in both density and biomass. Fire appears to enhance rangeland productivity in the Upper Sonoran Desert. Deserts of the southwestern United States have been increasingly impacted by man and as a result may be rapidly deteriorating. One such impact is an increase in fire occurrence on desert or semidesert recreation and rangeland areas. Desert fire ecology research, however, is lacking compared to available data from other ecosystems (Wells et al. 1979 and Lotan et al. 1981). This deficiency may be attributed to Shreve's (1925 and 1951) statements characterizing the desert responses to fire disturbance as a direct and relatively rapid recovery back to the climax community. Muller (1940) and Whittaker (1975) have presented similar hypotheses for general disturbances in the desert. In addition, Humphrey (1963 and 1974) stated that fires have never been a factor of much importance and that their occurrence in the Upper Sonoran Desert is rare. All of these statements have undoubtedly discouraged researchers from studying desert fires. Fire can, however, occur relatively frequently in the Upper Sonoran Desert during dry seasons that follow moist winters (USDA 1980). Fires in southern Arizona desert grassland near Tucson, where fires can occur more frequently than in most desert areas, have been studied by Humphrey (1949), Humphrey and Everson (195 I), Reynolds and Bohning (1956), Humphrey (1963), Cable (1967), White (1969) and Martin (1983). These studies reported vegetation responses to fire and investigated the use of fire as a tool for controlling undesirable species on grazing land. Fire ecology in the Upper Sonoran Desert of central Arizona has only been recently studied (Whysong and Heisler 1978, Rogers and Steele 1980, McLaughlin and Bowers 1982, Patten and Cave 1984). This desert is floristically different from the southern Arizona desert grasslands, and fire recovery data are not comparable. Other recent studies have been conducted in southern Arizona semidesert Authorsaregraduateassistant, Department of Botany/ Microbiology,anddirector of The Center for Environmental Studies and professor of botany, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287. The authors are indebted to the staff at Tonto National Forest, in particular to James Kimble and James Brown. In addition, W.D. Clark, M. Knox, S. Link, R. Maw. D. Robinson. G. Ruffner. T. Thomas. S. Workman. and esoeciallv Stan Smith de&e special recognition for their various contributionsand a&stan& We would also like to thank Jack Dieterich and Leonard DeBano from the U.S. Forest Service. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Arizona State University; Tempe. Manuscript accepted March 7, 1984. JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT 37(6), November 1964 (Wright 1980), the western Colorado Desert (O'Leary and Minnich 1981), the Chihuahuan Desert (Ahlstrand 1982), and the Great Basin Desert (Rogers 1980). All these efforts reflect contemporary interests in re-evaluating and contributing to knowledge of fire ecology in North American deserts. To the extent that large portions of the Upper Sonoran Desert are used as rangeland, the present study is of particular interest because of the potential stimulatory effect ftre has on rangeland productivity. This study was designed to examine short-term effects of fire on both annual and perennial plant communities in the Upper Sonoran Desert through the use of controlled burning and study of an adjacent wildfire area. Specific objectives were: (1) to characterize land 2-year postfire, herbaceous plant communities (annuals) with respect to changes in density and biomass in both open/shrub (small shrubs plus interspaces) and shaded (small trees) microhabitats; and (2) to examine the density and survival/ recovery strategies of land 2-year postfire tree, shrub, and cactus plant communities.


Case Carburized (CC) low carbon steels containing Ni, Cr and Mo alloying elements are widely used for transmission gears in automobile, as it possesses desired mechanical properties. In order to cut cost and save scarce materials like Ni and Mo for strategic applications, steel alloyed with Boron has been developed, which gives properties comparable to Ni-Cr-Mo alloyed steel. In the process of steel development, care was taken to ensure precipitation of boron which results in precipitation hardening. The characterization of the developed boron steel had exhibited properties comparable to Ni-Cr-Mo alloyed steel and superior to conventional boron steel.


This article suggests a geographical discussion about the privatization, starting from the alienation of the Brazilian's telecommunication enterprises which occurred in the last few decade. The article aims to start not by the economy view or one of its sectors, as usual, but by the analysis of the whole territory, know as a totality system (a system that involves, at the same time, objects and actions). This way, according to Santos (1994b), we intend to discuss the used territory which means the territory used by all the social agents, and not only the enterprise's and the network's territory. Besides the empirical analysis, we have achieved understanding the presently Brazilian territory where there is a fast and hard globalization and also a fragmentation process have caused essentially by the corporative action connected with the Brazilian government politics.


EKG is a multiprocessor scheduling algorithm which is optimal for the scheduling of real-time periodic tasks with implicit deadlines. It consists in a semi-partitioned algorithm which adheres to the deadline partitioning fair (DP-Fair) theory. It was shown in recent studies that the division of the time in slices bounded by two successive deadlines and the systematic execution of migratory tasks in each time slice inherent in DP-Fair algorithms, significantly reduce the practicality of EKG. Nevertheless, its semi-partitioned approach allows to bound the number of migrating tasks and increases the locality of the tasks in memories, thereby lowering the time overheads imposed by task preemptions and migrations. Hence, we propose two techniques with the aim of reducing the amount of preemptions and migrations incurred by the system when scheduled with EKG, while maintaining the advantages of its semi-partitioned approach. The first improvement consists in a swapping algorithm which exchanges execution time between tasks and time slices. The second one aims at decreasing the number of time slices needed to ensure that all job deadlines are respected. Both have a strong impact on the number of preemptions and migrations while keeping the optimality of EKG.


BACKGROUND
Self-antigens such as heat shock protein 60 (HSP 60) have recently been implicated in the periodontal disease pathogenesis. There is scant evidence regarding HSP 60 levels in circulation and saliva following periodontal disease and its possible relation to systemic inflammation.

AIM OF THE STUDY
The aim was to evaluate the circulatory and salivary levels of HSP 60 in periodontal health and disease and to correlate it with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-five peripheral blood samples were collected from two groups of patients (periodontally healthy - Group A [22 patients] and periodontal disease - Group B [23 patients]). Serum, cell lysates, and saliva samples were used to detect HSP 60 levels in both groups by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique. Measurement of hs-CRP was performed using an immunoturbidimetric assay. Statistical analysis was done using the student t-test and Pearson's correlation.

RESULTS
Circulatory HSP 60 was significantly increased in periodontal disease compared to health (P - 0.038). There was a significant correlation between the totals circulating HSP 60 and hs-CRP (P - 0.052), but there was no significant correlation between the salivary HSP 60 and hs-CRP levels in periodontal disease.

CONCLUSION
Circulating HSP 60 levels may play a role in the systemic inflammatory state produced by periodontal disease. Salivary HSP 60 may not be used as a surrogate to determine systemic inflammation.


Objective:To observe the histochemical change of MRS in pre-and post-chemotherapy of retroperitoneal neuroblastoma and predict the resistance or response to chemotherapy by 1H-MRS.Materials and Methods:MRI and MRS were performed in 20 cases pre-and post-chemotherapy.Twelve were boys and 8 were girls,the age ranged from 3 months to 12 years,the mean age was 4.5.The variation of the ratio of mobile lipid and choline pre-and post-chemotherapy were observed.Results:There is a significant difference of the ratio of mobile lipid and choline pre-and post-chemotherapy.Conclusion:The significant change of the ratio of mobile lipid and choline pre-and post-chemotherapy may be as a tool to predict the resistance or response to chemotherapy.


Abstract A CONSIDERABLE amount of evidence is available in the literature phate as compared with other phosphate sources for feeding to poultry. Gillis et al. (1951) found that samples of bone meals, dicalcium phosphate, defluorinated phosphates and Curacao Island phosphate showed some variation but generally very satisfactory phosphorus availability. On the other hand, a large number of samples of colloidal phosphate showed poor availability. Miller and Joukovsky (1953) found that dicalcium phosphate, Curacao Island phosphate, bone meal and defluorinated rock phosphate were all readily available sources of phosphorus. The phosphorus in colloidal phosphate was found to be less than 50% available as compared with other phosphate supplements tested. Grau and Zweigert (1953) found that phosphatic clay was not as good a source of available phosphorus as bone meal or tricalcium phosphate when fed to chicks on a practical ration. Gillis and co-workers (1954) reported that the phosphorus in colloidal phosphate was …


The beamformer plays a crucial role in increasing the quality of images acquired with an ultrasound imaging system. Numerous beamforming methods have been introduced, evaluated and reported with substantial improvement in resolution and contrast, compared with conventional delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming. Better beamforming should not only provide high quality images, but the image should also be accurate and reliable. To address these problems, we propose a new beamformer performance metric that predicts how well a beamformer will preserve intrinsic contrast. We call the proposed metric contrast ratio dynamic range. We quantified it as the longest continuous duration along the true contrast line. We then applied it to several beamformers. In no added clutter case, the dynamic range using DAS, DAS+CF, MV, SLSC and ADMIRE with low and high degrees of freedom (df), are 56.3 dB, 21.0 dB, 55.5 dB, 17.1 dB, 28.5 dB and 58.1 dB, respectively.


Methods for the estimation of d-amphetamine and its metabolic product d-p-hydroxyamphetamine in biological materials are described. In the dog and rat the main route of biotransformation of d-amphetamine involves hydroxylation of the aromatic nucleus to form p-hydroxyamphetamine, an active pressor agent. Hydroxylation of amphetamine occurs to a negligible degree in the guinea pig and rabbit. d-Amphetamine disappears slowly in the dog compared to its hydroxylated derivative, suggesting that in this species the major part of the pharmacological effect of the drug is due to the parent compound. A major route of metabolism of d-methamphetamine in the dog involves demethylation to d-amphetamine. d-Amphetamine is bound to plasma proteins to a negligible degree but is highly localized in most organ tissues.


This paper presents a new method for solving the transient response problems of electric and magnetic circuits coupled with each other. Using the nodal analysis method the electromagnetic circuits are represented in a tableau form, T.X = b, and are calculated to obtain the geometrical distribution and the time dependence of circuit variables. The tableau form is a matrix equation, and the equation consists of two parts. The one is an equation of electric circuits related with external and eddy currents, and the other is an equation of magnetic circuits given by the geometrical discretization of machines. Taking the hysteresis and the eddy-current effects into account, the transient response of an iron cored reactor is calculated numerically to demonstrate this method. Numerical and experimental results are compared and satisfactory agreement is found.


AbstractThe seawater source heat pump (SWHP) utilizes low-grade energy from seawater to satisfy heating/cooling requirements of coastal buildings. Compared with the open-loop SWHP system, the close...


The purpose of this study is to explain the accountability of PKU Muhammadiyah Sukoharjo hospital management. The method used is a qualitative method with a phenomenological perspective. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this study indicate that there are five aspects in the management of hospital accountability, namely the first legal and honesty aspects, the second program aspects, the third process aspects, the fourth policy aspects, and the fifth is the financial aspect. The results of the study reveal that there is no transparency / accountability to the community related to the financial statements of PKU Muhammadiyah Sukoharjo Hospital. Hospital financial reports. PKU Muhammadiyah was not published due to the existence of a hospital financial reporting policy mechanism. However, in terms of the program PKU Hospital has improved with many trainings and workshops provided with the aim of providing quality and competent resources.


BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was the evaluation of four adhesive restorative materials regarding the possible microleakage along margins of cervical lesions (class V lesions).

METHODS
The comparative in vitro experience was performed in 24 healthy inferior human molars previously extracted and stored in saline. We realized 24 class V lesions with standard dimensions, occlusal margins placed in enamel, cervical margins placed in dentin/cement. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups (six each) and were filled with two light-cured glass ionomer cements (Fuji II LC and Fuji II LC Improved-GC) and with two enamel-dentin adhesive systems/composite resins (Scotchbond MP-3M-/Enamel Plus-Mice-rium-; Prodigy/Optibond-Kerr). All materials were treated according to manufacturers' instructions. After thermocycling the restorations were placed in 2% methylene-blue aqueous solutions for 24 hours. Then we performed a SEM observation of the surface of margin restorations and a light-microscopy observation, after longitudinal section of specimens, to evaluate the marginal infiltration of the colouring solution.

RESULTS
We submitted to statistical analysis the results of the light-microscopy observation. Differences in microleakage scores between materials were compared using Kruskall Wallis test. Although higher values of dye penetration were found at gingival margins all groups showed minimal microleakage. No statistical significative differences were seen between materials. Our results are in agreement with those of present in recent literature.

CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of our results we can state that the treatment of cervical lesions is a safe and predictable clinical procedure either using light-cured glass ionomer cements or composite resins. Clinicians must take particular care of gingival margins of these lesions.


Learning physics in the school often become the scourge of frightening and avoided by the students because it is considered difficult to understand. This case caused the student's interest in learning physics becomes reduced. The way to overcome this case is to create an atmosphere of learning physics through various teaching styles, for example, using brain games ranking one. Brain games Ranking One was a form of the game to improve and test students' ability, whether cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Brain games ranking one is a way of answering questions with writing down answers on the board answers that had been provided with a limited time of each item, after a written response on the board, the teacher asked students to lift the whiteboard to show answers. A student with the wrong answer will be disqualified until only one student left will be the Ranking one's winner. This research aims to find out a relationship between brain games ranking one and increased interest in learning physics. Sample of this research is 180 students from tenth-grade and eleventh-grade. This study uses a qualitative descriptive and questionnaire instrument at the beginning of class and the end of course. At the beginning of class, there are 41 students (34% respondents) not interest in study physics and 62 students (34% respondents) not interest in study physics. After the class with Ranking One games, there are 93 students (51% respondents) became interested in studying physics, 68 students (38% respondents) interest to study physics and only seven students (4% respondents) not interest to study physics. This matter points out that brain games Ranking One can increase student's physics learning the


The rapid development of urban transport, while give people more and more convenient, have appeared in the urban traffic pressure is too large and cannot be efficient use of transport resources. In the face of very large scale travel, It has been the target of urban intelligent traffic system which can accurate and timely analysis of traffic status and traffic induced service for travelers to provide quality. This paper introduced the concept of "big data". The traffic data and to calculate is concentrated in the database. The use of graphs of the Hadoop distributed computing framework to flow processing of traffic data. The data processing platform packaging will be released to service into a whole and treated with distributed platform framework to ensure the timeliness and high fault tolerance. Introduction Car networking refers to through a variety of wireless communication technology, to realize information sharing of all the vehicle state information (including attribute information and static and dynamic information, etc.) and road traffic environment information (include the information of road infrastructure, traffic conditions, service information). According to the different functional requirements of all the vehicles running condition for effective supervision and comprehensive services, Car networking can be achieved with the car, car and road, the car and the exchange of information between people. It can help achieve "dialogue" between people, vehicle and road. Like the Internet connects every single computer, car networking can have independent car together. With development of advanced sensor technology, network technology, computing technology, control technology, intelligent technology, and car networking can achieved the comprehensive perception on the road and traffic, large scope, large capacity data between multiple systems of interaction. For every car traffic control all the way, on every road traffic control of time and space, give priority to in order to provide the traffic efficiency and traffic safety of network and application. Intelligent traffic originated by the information technology such as simulation, real-time control and communication network to solve the urban traffic congestion to try. Traffic congestion has become due to the worldwide problem of urbanization and motorization, and cause the low efficiency of traffic facilities, air pollution and fuel consumption increase. The outstanding characteristic of intelligent transportation is information collection, processing, distribution, exchange, analysis, and used as the main line, the diversity of service for the traffic participants and managers. With the popularization of vehicle-mounted mobile terminals, and other mobile devices, and application of sensor network technology, using mobile devices to access social network has gradually become the mainstream. At the same time, the use of GPS, mobile phone, mobile terminals provide activities such as public transportation card path information; can be predicted for some event or to infrastructure solutions such as rationality assessment. Mobile social network has brought a lot of research and application of new opportunities, such as location services, taxi abnormal trajectory recognition and detection, the optimal taxi passenger search strategy, etc. This thesis is based on vehicle networking platform, combined with the increasingly mature mobile social network for urban intelligent transportation provides basic data and information services. Is 5th International Conference on Education, Management, Information and Medicine (EMIM 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 516 mainly the related applications for motorists, and between different manufacturers of equipment, cannot connect between the acquisition didn't get the Shared data and to provide information services, car network still has a lot of a relatively independent private network with each other. If build a unified and open car networking, if you have not only the same brand, between different brands of cyclists can also establish a repeat information sharing and communication between, at the same time, car networking information will also be able to provide car free family data and services, to bring people's transportation is convenient. The main three scenario of the application has the following: (1) The bus stop, waiting for the car passenger login system, can check through the site bus routes, you can view all really moving vehicles on a route location, speed, and expected time of arrival in the site. (2) The outer car free people want to go back, must find appropriate traffic tools, at that time he can have three options. The first is through the system search nearby friends, driving out contact if they can get on the ride back, relying on the mobile social network. The second is search in no-load condition near the taxi, contact the driver come here they have. And the third is driving a bus to bus station to check the data on the bus. (3) The driver met traffic accident and traffic accident dispute, can take advantage of the system quickly contact in the nearby friends rushed to the scene, to help deal with related affairs. Leaving car owners also can monitor the movement of the vehicle and location information. System Architecture Enterprise Architect is a powerful tool for specifying, documenting and building your software and business process projects. Using Enterprise Architect's support for UML and its related standards, you can model new complex software and business systems, or visualize and maintain existing systems. Figure 1. System structure diagram As it can be seen from Figure 1, all kinds of vehicles will be obtained from GPS satellite positioning information through the mobile Internet upload to server, all kinds of mobile client is also through the mobile Internet access to relevant information of the vehicle from the server. Finally realize if you have Cluster server Mobile Internet Taxi equipment Bus equipment Private cars equipment


Introduction: The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically decreased HIV-associated morbidity and mortality in high-and low-income countries with a corresponding reduction in tuberculosis (TB) incidence. Nevertheless, the risk of TB remains substantially higher in people living with HIV (PLHIV) compared to non-HIV infected individuals. In Cameroon, free ART was introduced in 2007 and our understanding of the possible role of ART in reducing HIV-associated TB remains limited. We assessed TB incidence, mortality and risk factors for TB and mortality among PLHIV treated at Buea Regional Hospital between 2008 and 2014. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study we reviewed the records of 1,477 HIV patients on ART. The data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 21. Bivariate and Multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors associated with TB and mortality occurrences at 5% significance level. Results: Of the 1477 patients' records that was reviewed, females (70.7%) constituted a greater proportion. Majority of the participants (60.5%) were between the ages 21-40 years (mean: 37.5 ± 11.5. SD). A total of 209 patients developed TB giving an overall TB incidence density rate 4.25/100PYR (95% CI: 2.47-6.46). There was an increasing trend in the incidence of TB over the years from 1.69 (95% CI: 0.72-1.98) in 2008 to 19.63 (95% CI: 7.36-21.20) in 2014. The overall mortality rate was 12.4% (183/1477) of which 38.8% (71/183) of them were on TB treatment or previously treated for TB. In a multivariate analysis, low CD4 cells level at ART initiation (AOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.11-.2.10), WHO HIV clinical stage 3 and 4 (AOR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.01-2.22) were significantly associated with increase odds of TB occurrence. Conclusion: Even in the era of HAART, TB still remains a significant cause of mortality among PLHIV and therefore efforts should be scaled-up for early diagnosis and prompt treatment of TB.


Teamwork requires mutual trust among team members. Establishing and maintaining trust depends upon alignment of mental models, an aspect of shared awareness. We present a theory of how maintenance of model alignment is integral to fluid changes in relative control authority (i.e., adaptive autonomy) in human-robot teamwork.


United States Geological Survey, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Chief Scientists: Uri ten Brink,, Andres Carbo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Data (seismic, Chirp, airgun, XBT, bottomprofiler, gravimeter, magnetometer) of field activity 05019 (H-1-05-PR) in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, North Atlantic from 03/28/2005 to 04/17/2005, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/h/h105pr/html/h-1-05-pr.meta.html.


The technique of ESR-dosimetry and strategies for investigation of new materials as in regard to their applicability as ESR-dosimeters for radiotherapy has been reviewed. As an example six salts of ...


The article discusses organizational conflict and proposes an integrative solution for preventing disruption in organizations. The discussion refers to research such as being "conflict-positive" (Tjosvold, 1991), integrative problem solving (Fisher & Ury, 1991), and the effect of task and relationship conflicts on organizations (De Dreu & Weingart, 2003). A model of organizational conflict examines the differences in conflicts--which are defined as latent and perceived, veridical and unrecognized, and task and relationship--with a focus on improving team satisfaction and organizational performance.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether interleukin-12 (IL-12) over-expression in malignant melanoma B16 cells affects the expression level of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on T cells in mice during immune microenvironment reconstruction.

METHODS
B16 cells were transfected with an IL-12 expression lentiviral vector, and IL-12 over-expression in the cells was verified qPCR and ELISA. Plate cloning assay was used to compare the cell proliferation activity between B16 cells and B16/IL-12 cells. The expression of IL-12 protein in B16/IL-12 cells-derived tumor tissue were detected by ELISA. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with B16 cells or B16/IL-12 cells, and 14 days later the proportion of T cells with high expression of PD-1 in the tumor-draining lymph nodes was detected by flow cytometry. Mouse models of immune reconstitution established by 650 cGy X-ray radiation were inoculated with B16 (B16+RT group) or B16/IL-12 (B16/IL-12+RT group) cells, with the mice without X-ray radiation prior to B16 cell inoculation as controls. Tumor growth in the mice was recorded at different time points, and on day 14, flow cytometry was performed to detect the proportion of T cells with high PD-1 expression in the tumor-draining lymph nodes and in the tumor tissue.

RESULTS
B16 cells infected with the IL-12-overexpressing lentiviral vector showed significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of IL-12 (P < 0.001) without obvious changes in cell viability (P>0.05). B16/IL-12 cells expressed higher levels of IL-12 than B16 cells in vivo (P < 0.01). In the tumor-bearing mouse models, the proportion of CD4 + PD-1+ T cells was significantly lower in B16/IL-12 group than in B16 group (P < 0.01). In the mice with X-ray radiation-induced immune reconstitution, PD-1 expressions on CD4+ T cells (P < 0.05) and CD8+ T cells (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in B16+ RT group than in the control mice and in B16/IL-12+RT group (P < 0.01 or 0.001); the tumors grew more slowly in B16/IL-12+RT group than in B16 + RT group (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
During immune microenvironment reconstruction, overexpression IL-12 in the tumor microenvironment can reduce the percentage of PD-1 + T cells and suppress the growth of malignant melanoma in mice.


One prime feature of plant study, both from the scientific and from the crop-production viewpoint, is the determination of the modifications in plant development with the variation of the factors of growth. Klebs (I903) has been a leading contributor to the developments in this field by his studies of the modifications of the life histories of plants under varied environment. But, although a change in the development of a plant is a response to a change in the enviromnent, this response is the immediate result of internal processes. Kraus and Kraybill (I9I8) have partially developed this viewpoint and have shown a relation of internal composition to plant development; they studied the relation of the balance of two of the classes of substances (carbohydrates and nitrates) used by the plant in building its tissues, on the fruitfulness or vegetativeness of the tomato plant. Blackman (I919, I920) and Kidd and West (I9I8-I9, I920) have recently indicated that the growth of a plant directly produced from seed is a function of the early development of the seedling. Kidd and West have designated this relation as "predetermination" of the seed or seedling. From an extensive review of the literature on the subject, they found abundant evidence that crops are directly influenced by the physiological condition of the seed and of the seedling, independently of their hereditary qualities. Gassner (I9I8) has given striking evidence of the influence of external factors during the time of germination of the seed on the future course of development of the plant, by showing that winter cereals will develop to maturity in a single season if subjected to a low temperature during the period of germination of the seed. Although the volume of literature on seed-germination is large, knowledge of the transformations which occur in the seed and seedling during germination is far from complete. Also, the data on the influence of specific external factors on germination are confusing, for it has been found that a particular type of response may accompany any one of several external factors. In other words, there is need of a better understanding of the metabolism of the seedling as it develops in different environments. A satisfactory control of the process of germination must be based on a knowledge of the composition of the seed, and of the changes in the substances


Effect of process parameters on the quality of impregnated carbon prod ucts has drawn much attention for a long time. In the present paper some factors affecting the impregation quality of carbon products are analyzed, in which the effect of impregnant pitch is highlighted.


A novel immobilization procedure for glycoproteins is based on the reacion of immobilized CMP-NeuAc (CMP-sialic acids) with sialyltransferase (see scheme). The transfer ability was tested under various conditions; a corresponding oligosaccharide or asialoglycoprotein acted as sialyl acceptor. The solid-phase synthesis of CMP-NeuAc is also described.


Background: Minor head trauma is frequently presented to the pediatric emergency department. Despite the burden this injury poses on public health, evidence-based clinical guidelines on the assessment and management of pediatric minor head trauma remain unestablished, particularly in children below 2 years. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a clinical decision rule (Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network rule) and physician discretion in the recognition of practically important traumatic brain injury in children below 2 years of age presenting with minor head trauma to the emergency department. Methods: The medical records of children younger than 2 years presenting with head trauma to the emergency department were reviewed with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 14–15. Practically important traumatic brain injury is a clinically essential traumatic brain injury including all cranial abnormalities (e.g. skull fracture) detected by computed tomography. All predictor variables of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network rule and practically important traumatic brain injury outcomes were validated. Results: We enrolled and analyzed 433 children below 2 years. The most frequently observed mechanisms of injury in decreasing order were as follows: falls > 90 cm, head struck by high-impact objects, slip down, and automobile traffic accident. Of 224 children, positive findings were observed in 35 and 144 had one or more predictors of Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network rule. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative likelihood ratio of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network rule for practically important traumatic brain injury were 94.3%, 41.3%, and 0.14, respectively. Conclusion: The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network rule would assist in clinical decision-making to appropriately detect potential head injuries in children below 2 years, thereby reducing unnecessary performance of computed tomography scan.


Herein, a fluorescence nanosensor based carbon dots (Cdots) and different size MnO2 nanospheres have been synthesized for rapid and detection of glutathione (GSH). The water soluble and highly fluo...


The owner's role and responsibility for design and review are examined. The scope of the owner's review is outlined, together with his options for executing the review. A novel approach is suggested in using the contractor to review the design after award. Legal implications are explored.


2022-RA-772-ESGO Figure 1 Results 25 patients underwent SLND during robotic staging for intermediate and high-risk endometrial cancer. Mean age Abstracts A108 Int J Gynecol Cancer 2022;32(Suppl 2):A1–A504 on D ecem er 4, 2022 by gest. P rocted by coright. http/ijgc.bm jcom / nt J G ynecol C acer: frst pulished as 10.11ijgc-2022-E S G O .37 on 20 O cber 222. D ow nladed fom was 65.5 years (56–82), ASA score=2 and mean BMI=31.8. Women underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy in all, adhesiolysis (48%), omental sampling (20%) and para-aortic sampling (16%). The FIGO stages included stage-I (88%) and Stage-III (12%). Median lymph node count in SLN was 3 (1–5) and BPLND was 15 (5–38). Nodal metastasis was 8%. Para-aortic lymph node positivity was 4%. SLND sensitivity was 100%, specificity 96.15%, false-negative rate 0%, negative predictive value 100%. Median time for SLND was 15 min (10–22) while BPLND was 35 min (25–40). Bilateral SLND was achieved in 96%. Obturator node was the most common SLN site (40%). 8% SLN were detected in paraaortic and parametrial sites. Complication rate was 1.8%. Conclusion Our pilot study shows that SLND with ICG in intermediate and high-risk endometrial cancer is accurate with high negative predictive values. The quality of nodal assessment was improved by identifying aberrant location in 8% women with SLND. Our series is comparable to international standards and mandates a change in institutional practice. SLND-only is accurate technique for nodal assessment in surgical staging for intermediate and high-risk endometrial cancers. 2022-RA-781-ESGO MLH1 PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION IN MISMATCH REPAIR DEFICIENT ENDOMETRIAL CANCER. DEFINING A NEW SUBGROUP? Nina Pauly, Philipp Harter, Florian Heitz, Malak Moubarak, Alexander Traut, Sabrina Kaiser, Beyhan Ataseven. Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Kliniken Essen Mitte, Essen, Germany; Department for Gynecology with the Center for Oncologic Surgery Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany 10.1136/ijgc-2022-ESGO.238 Introduction/Background Nearly 30% of unselected endometrial cancer (EC) are mismatch repair deficient (MMRd).The majority resulting from epigenetic changes due to MLH1 promoter hypermethylation (MLH1-PM) and only a fraction from mutations in the Lynch genes (MLH1/MSH2/MSH6/PMS2). Identifying patients with MMRd has two clinical implications: first, detecting patients with high probability for Lynch syndrome and secondly classification into molecular subtypes for prognosis and/or prediction of therapy. Since less is known about the clinical characteristics of MMRd tumors especially based on MLH1-PM we aimed at clarifying the clinical features of EC with MLH1-PM. Methodology EC patients treated between 2015–2022 who underwent MMR(IHC) +/MLH1-PM (PCR)-testing were included. Three groups where defined. A)MMR proficient(p) B) MMRd/MLH1-PM 3) 'probable' Lynch (defined as MMRd not due to MLH1-PM). Results MMR-testing was performed in 337/365 cases (279 MMRp and 58 MMRd). 36 of 45 tumors with MLH1 +/PMS2 deficiency had MLH1-PM analysis, identifying MLH1PM in 28 (77.8%). MMRd tumors were detected at higher stages, more often showed angioinvasion and endometrioid subtype and less abnormal p53 expression compared to MMRp. Patients with MMRd-PM were significantly older (65 y vs 56 y), more often had endometrioid histology (89% vs 76%), showed no abnormal p53 expression (0% vs 19%) compared to 'probable' Lynch. 5-year PFS was 73, 81 and 100 months (p=0.343) for MMRp, MMRd/MLH1-PM, and 'probable' Lynch patients, respectively. Conclusion Significant differences in clinical characteristics were detected between MMRd and MMRp tumors, as well as between MMRd tumors depending on MLH1-PM status. Thus, this analysis supports evidence of heterogeneity in MMRd tumors concerning prognosis. 2022-RA-782-ESGO ROLE OF FOLLOW UP OF STAGE ONE ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA FOR DETECTION OF RECURRENCE George Kouklidis, Michelle Godfrey, Vasileios Mitsopoulos, Manolis Nikolopoulos. Obstetrcis and Gynaecology, NHS, Poole, UK; Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK, NHS, Portsmouth, UK; Gynecological Oncology Department, Poole Hospital NHS Trust, Poole, U.K., NHS, Poole General Hospital, UK; Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals and NHS Trust, St Heli, NHS, London, UK 10.1136/ijgc-2022-ESGO.239 Introduction/Background To investigate the rate of asymptomatic recurrence of stage 1 endometrioid endometrial cancer and assess the role of routine hospital follow-up after treatment. Methodology We performed a retrospective case-note review study of women who were diagnosed with stage 1 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma at Queen's Hospital, Romford, between January 2008 and December 2016. Results We included 299 patients with a median follow-up period of 44.4 months. All the patients underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Adjuvant radiotherapy was offered to the patients subsequent to discussions in the multidisciplinary team meeting in accordance with the risk stratification criteria. There was no significant correlation between the risk factors and disease recurrence. In total, 11 patients presented with recurrent disease with original staging: 1a, n=6/199; and 1b, n=5/100. Four patients presented with vaginal bleeding due to vault recurrence and one patient with abdominal pain due to pelvic mass. Locoregional recurrence was an incidental finding in two other patients. Four patients presented with symptomatic distant metastases to the lung (n=2), liver (n=1), and bone (n=1). No asymptomatic recurrences were identified on routine follow-ups, despite several hospital appointments and clinical examinations. The recurrence rate for patients with stage 1a and 1b, grade 1, and grade 2 disease was 3.53%, and that for patients with stage 1a, grade 1, and grade 2 disease was 2.7%. Conclusion Routine clinical examinations have a low yield in finding recurrence in asymptomatic women and should be questioned for their value, considering the limited resources of the National Health Service (NHS). Recent evidence has supported the shift to telephone clinics and patient-initiated follow up. Abstracts Int J Gynecol Cancer 2022;32(Suppl 2):A1–A504 A109 on D ecem er 4, 2022 by gest. P rocted by coright. http/ijgc.bm jcom / nt J G ynecol C acer: frst pulished as 10.11ijgc-2022-E S G O .37 on 20 O cber 222. D ow nladed fom