The purpose of this study was to validate the newly developed K-WPPSI-IV using other current IQ tests in common use in Korea such as the K-ABC and K-CTONI-2. Fifty three 2~7 year olds were tested with both the K-WPPSI-IV and K-ABC in a counterbalanced order. Simultaneous, cognitive, information processing as well as acquisition indices of K-ABC were moderately correlated with the total IQ of K-WPPSI-IV, ranging .44~.58. The results of these tests were comparable with US data: Correlations among WPPSI-IV & DAS-II subscales were .31~.67. The correlations among K-WPPSI-IV & K-CTONI-2 subscales in sixty two children ranged from .43~.49. WMI(Working memory index) as well as PSI(Processing speed index) of K-WPPSI showed low correlations with non-verbal IQ. These results indicated that nonverbal IQ does not test processing speed which in turn is very important in WMI & PSI Indices of K-WPPSI-IV. Further studies are needed to broaden the concurrent validities using K-WISC-IV or K-BSID-2. In addition, predictive as well as discriminate validity studies need to be conducted for better understanding of K-WPPSI-IV.


. Battery electric vehicles are becoming an opportunity for sustainable development in mining. There are several advantages of electric vehicles in mining, primarily related to improving the safety of miners' working conditions. It is significant for mining workers that electric vehicles are not a significant additional source of heat, reduce the emission of exhaust gases in the environment of their use, and are characterized by very little or no harmful gases released into the atmosphere. Currently, the mining industry is developing several initiatives for sustainable development, bringing together mining companies, suppliers and research institutions to accelerate technology development and effectively implement BEVs (battery electric vehicles) in the mining industry as soon as possible. These activities are accepted by miners, although, like any modern technology, they raise legitimate concerns and become the beginning of reflection on the safety standards for using electric vehicles that should accompany their development. This article reviews electric vehicles in mining works. Concerns for the development of these technologies have been identified. Particular attention was paid to the concerns about the operational safety of electric vehicles in the mining environment.


As wind turbines increase their power rating, their size and mass increase as well. Therefore, the higher reliability is needed in order to minimize maintenance. Direct-drive PM (DDPM) generators are a good solution to this problem because they omit the gearbox. The large generator mass has been also a difficult problem limiting the practical use of DDPM generators, which makes them difficult to build, transport and install. In this paper, a rotor supporting a 7MW DDPM generators is optimized by a response surface model (RSM). The dimensions that greatly influence the stiffness are taken as optimized design variables. Minimizing the mass is taken as the optimized objective, and the stiffness demands are taken as constraint conditions. The simulations show that the required level of stiffness can be met while reducing the mass by 11000 kg (34%) and the optimization results show the validity of the optimization method for the lightweight design of structures.


We describe a facility for the measurement of depolarization of epithermal neutrons in magnetic materials. The polarization of the neutrons is analyzed using the spin dependent transmission of neutrons at energies of compound nuclear resonances. The technique is applicable to the characterization of magnetic domains in thick samples or materials having large internal magnetizations.


The article is dedicated to the analysis of the typical features of the Internet activity of Russians. The study aimed at measuring the intensity and duration of the use of the Internet, making social portrait of the Russians users and non-users, revealing the reasons behind the refusal to use the internet communications.


Market is an institution that was important in economic institutions. In addition, the market also a place of social and economic activity, the market serves to confront the economic players. Market and function as an economic facilities the benchmark for the sake of s income in the region . Problems traditional markets complex, all these problems rises on the weakness in traditional market management. Problems at the traditional market will cause endurance markets be weak. After the earthquake 2009 in west sumatera, problems at traditional markets especially in the Padang city of the getting uncontrollable. This article will review the strategy of a formal organization namely the office of market  to persistence in maintaining traditional markets. As for strategy is provided by office of market  to persistence in maintaining traditional markets include: a) infrastructure improvements, b) allocate time trading, c) moving fruit traders to duta merlin street , d ) guidance market traders


Fiber-fed multi-object spectrographs have greatly enhanced the spectroscopic capabilities of the world's premiere telescopes, but their flexibility has typically been limited by a fixed effective slit size that constrains the available resolving power. We present a novel mechanism that, for the first time, equips a fiber-fed spectrograph with multiple discreet slits of different widths. In this paper, we detail the mechanical design of our variable slit mechanism, which is capable of positioning any one of six slits in front of the fibers immediately prior to injection into the spectrograph's optical train. Further, we present the details of related systems necessary to achieve closed loop positioning of the slit mechanism given that no encoder is used. We also briefly discuss our use of open source and open hardware projects in the design. Finally, we describe the control system we have implemented for this subsystem.


The study of carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems is considerable important for the forecasts of climate and environmental changes. Using a geoinformation-analytical method and a climate-driven regression model, we have calculated the C-CO2 balance of natural steppe ecosystems of Khakassia and Tuva. Our research has shown that natural steppes of the region under study are a significant sink of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The intensity of this carbon flux in the region can be estimate as 184±41 gCm−2 yr −1. The annual absorption of carbon dioxide in the natural steppe ecosystems of Tuva and Khakassia is evaluated as 6.9±2.2 Mt C-CO2.


Previous studies have defined people, process, tools and technology as relevant elements for Concurrent Engineering (CE) processes. This study analyzes the principles of dynamic interrelation between these elements in the process of developing a satellite (mission), depending on collaborative working interactions. The participants in a CE facility work in parallel, exchanging their knowledge and information, using their set-up tools acting according to the requirements of their disciplinary specialities and the task at hand in the CE process. We analyze the collaborative working context in the CE facility, where compelling moments emerge, that require the different disciplinary positions in the CE facility to engage in negotiations by moving into shared spaces in order to solve the issues at stake. In line with interactional design studies, we identify particular moments in the interaction as "Critical Interaction Instances"(CIIs). CIIs have two criteria, first the awareness of an existing problem. Second the repositioning of the participants in the CE facility which correlates with the shared spaces that the collaboration creates. The results of this study demonstrate that CIIs enhance the collaboration (quality) throughout the CE process. Based on data collected in a CE facility in Germany the study shows how CIIs emerge, unfold and mark collaborative interaction in CE.


Objective
To evaluate the accuracy and value of automatically assessing left ventricular systolic function in rats with myocardial infarction (MI) by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) based on neutrosophic similarity score(NSS) algorithm.

Methods
According to different infarction size(IS), SD rats were divided into large MI (MI-L, IS≥15%) and small MI (MI-S, IS<15%) groups. MCE was performed before MI and at 7, 28 days after MI. In vitro study: the automatic segmentation of the endocardial contour based on neutrosophic similarity score algorithm was compared with the manual segmentation boundary. In vivo study: the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) were calculated using the NSS system, biplane Simpson and PV-loop, respectively, and then NSS-LVEF, Simpson-LVEF and PV-LVEF were acquired, respectively. The IS was calculated by Masson and HE staining. The consistency between the two LVEFs was evaluated by Bland-Altman. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to evaluate the reproducibility of MCE analysis system.

Results
①The endocardial contour obtained by automatic segmentation had good agreement with the boundary of artificial tracing. ②There was no significant difference among the three LVEFs in same group (F=0.028, P=0.973), but there was significant difference in different group (F=78.61, P<0.01). NSS-LVEF was well consistent with both Simpson-LVEF and PV-LVEF. ③The ICC of NSS algorithm for inter-observer and intra-observer were 0.96 and 0.98, respectively. ④Compared with before MI and at 7 days after MI, the LVEF in MI-L and MI-S groups at 28 days after MI decreased significantly (P<0.05), especially in MI-L group (P<0.01). There was significantly negative correlation between LVEF and IS (r=-0.917, P<0.01).

Conclusions
Left ventricular endocardium can be identificated automatically and LVEF can be calculated rapidly and accurately by MCE based on neutrosophic similarity score algorithm in rats with myocardial infarction.

Key words:
Echocardiography; Myocardial contrast echocardiography; Myocardial infarction; Ventricular function, left; Image processing, neutrosophic similarity score, computer-aided; Rat


We introduce the concept of relatively prime domination polynomial of a graph G. The relatively prime domination polynomial of a graph G of order n is the polynomial Drpd(G,x) = ∑k=γrpd(G) drpd(G,k)x k where drpd(G,k) is the number of relatively prime dominating sets of G of size k, and γrpd(G) is the relatively prime domination number of G. We compute this polynomial for path Pn, complete bipartite graph Km,n, star K1,n, bistar Bm,n, spider graph K1,n,n and Helm graph Hn.


Humboldt Bay Power Plant was one of the first nuclear power plants built in the United States over 30 years ago. The Power Plant's Unit 3 Reactor sits on the shoreline of Humboldt Bay in Eureka, California. The reactor was constructed utilizing a 60'ft. (18.3m) diameter caisson with internal divider walls which was sunk approximately 70'ft.(21.3m) below sea level, mucked out, plugged with a 6'ft. (1.8m) thick underwater tremie concrete placement and then pumped out. The joint between the caisson, a carbon steel shoe referred to as the cookie cutter and the tremie concrete has always been subject to some leakage. Since the power plant was shutdown during the late 1970's, the caisson inleakage has been monitored and documented by the engineering staff of Pacific Gas and Electric, the owners of the plant, who had applied to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for decommissioning. The approval for the final stages of decommissioning could not be completed until the underground water inleakage beneath the reactor caisson suppression chamber was stopped or drastically reduced according to the report by the NRC. By design, the tremie concrete was covered by a 6 (15 cm) layer of drain rock, a 6(15 cm) concrete slab, and in some areas a 3/16 (4.7mm) steel liner plate which functioned as a tank for holding liquid (water) within the structure. The drain rock and a series of drain pipes through the divider walls routed any leakage to a sump where it could be pumped out. The inleakage had dramatically increased following the 1989 Loma Prieta California Earthquake. At one point in June of 1997 the flow rate increased to almost 10,000 gallons per day from the 1996 average of 6,000 gallons per day which seriously concerned the owners as the power plant sits on an active earthquake fault. This increase in flow rate and the possibility of future earthquakes resulted in the owner's determination to seriously reduce or stop the leak.


In this paper we study meromorphic univalent functions which map the unit disk onto the exterior of a domain which is starlike with respect to some finite point different from the origin. We obtain bounds on the arc length, an integral representation, and bounds on the maximum modulus of starlike meromorphic functions.


A novel flash ironmaking process based on hydrogen-containing reduction gases is under development at the University of Utah. This process will directly reduce fine iron oxide concentrate particles in suspension in a flash reactor. During handling and transportation, product iron particles may come into contact with air. Since direct reduced iron is usually prone to oxidation, re-oxidation kinetics is of concern. The goal of this work was to determine the re-oxidation kinetics of flash reduced iron particles in O2–N2 gas mixtures. The effects of temperature (673 – 873 K) and O2 partial pressure (4 – 18 kPa) were studied and the nucleation and growth model was found to describe the initial period of oxidation before the rate decreased precipitously at certain conversion. The pressure dependence of the rate was first order with respect to oxygen partial pressure, and the activation energy was 14.4 kJ/mol. A complete rate equation that adequately represents the experimental data was developed.


This chapter discusses the steadily increasing importance of scholars, in particular the legal experts in the design and legitimacy of social and political orders under the key words "more scientific", "academisation" "Professionalization" and "rationalization". In research, a sharper focus on the substantive right side of the practical legal activity is also required in recent years. The chapter discusses the specific opportunities and problems that contain the legal texts as historical sources in a source-scientific portion to substantially relieve the subsequent chronology of the life cycle of Lodovico Pontano. It presents an overview on the Lodovico Pontano as a historical source. The number of individual case reports of late medieval Jurists (Consilia) obtained legally from the Pontanos is suspected to embellish the relevant underlying case. Consilia Usually deployed binding effect on decision-makers for rationalization and professionalization of the municipal administration and jurisdiction. The original text of the chapter is in German.Keywords: academisation; Consilia; historical source; jurisdiction; Lodovico Pontano; professionalization; rationalization


App Inventor is a popular blocks programming environment for creating mobile apps for Android phones. In our ongoing project, we are analyzing App Inventor blocks programs to understand their effectiveness for creating apps and learning programming. Our ultimate goals are to give feedback to users about their programs and give guidance to the developers of App Inventor for improving its usability.


The aim yeast from the fermented grains is Saccharomyces cerevisiae by accidence analysis.This yeast could normally ferment in liquid medium at pH2.8,the optimum fermentation temperature is 35~37 ℃,the least sensitivity concentration for acetic acid and butyric acid respectively is 400 mg/L and 30 mg/L,the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration is 20 %(v/v).The alcohol concentration reached to 12 %(v/w)by using yeast in solid state fermenting grains with 65 % water concentration.The using ratio of starch reached to 89 %.


The European Commission has granted Euro 10 million in humanitarian aid to
help protect people affected by unexploded landmines and bombs in Iraq.
Funds allocated via the Commission's Humanitarian Aid Office (ECHO will
provide safety training, information on the location of such unexploded
landmines and bombs and some minefield clearance.


An innovative measurement and evaluation system is proposed, described and validated in this paper for verifying that the magnetic induction intensity is within the prescribed limits. The total magnetic induction field B generated by multiple sources in complex three-dimensional arrangements is experimentally evaluated on the basis of the measurement of the field components in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.


Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been an emerging concern in recent years due to increasing incidence which reached 25% of the general population. Although recent publications shed light on gender di ff erences in this patient population, we still face many limitations in elucidating them. NALFD can cause signi fi cant morbidity as it progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which increases the risk of cirrhosis and liver failure. Gaining a deeper understanding of these disparities will aid in developing targeted prevention strategies and personalized therapeutic interventions for NAFLD. In this study, we aim to elucidate extrahepatic di ff erences between males and females who were diagnosed with NAFLD. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TrinNetX, a multi-institutional database. Thestudy included all adult patients aged 18 years or older diagnosed with NAFLD using International Classi fi cation of Diseases-10th Edition (ICD-10) codes. The study population was divided into 2 groups based on gender. Data on extrahepatic manifestations were gathered. We excluded patients with alcoholic liver disease,


Time-resolved XPS is used to monitor charge carrier dynamics in bare and dye-sensitized ZnO nanoparticle films upon sub-bandgap excitation. Results are discussed in the context of impurity-related bandgap states and electron transfer from the chromophore.


The specific rotation of a variety of differential isotopomers is reported. The difference in their specific rotation appears to be greater than their percentage mass difference and each isotopomer seems to rotate (the plane of) plane-polarized light differently. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A Christian Religious Education Teacher, does not only teach or force people to do God's word. But do it first. A teacher. Christian Religious Education must view that its leadership is the leadership of a servant, and not as a master or boss who only commands. The leadership of Jesus is an example in implementing servant leadership and being a leader who is an example in ministry. Being a Christian Religious Education Teacher who serves, means lowering yourself, taking a place that other people think is inappropriate. For a Christian Religious Education teacher, he should have the principle that his leadership is a leader who serves and not to be served. Just like Jesus who came into the world taking the form of a servant to serve. A Christian Religious Education Teacher has the initiative that is born from within to serve, has a self-sacrificing attitude. Willing to sacrifice means setting aside personal interests for the common good. These things become benchmarks that can be applied by servant leaders.


Here, we propose SnO2 as a reactive ion etching (RIE) mask in fluorine-based etching processes. Tin forms nonvolatile compounds with fluorine at the process temperatures enabling tin to function as an etch mask. We investigate atomic layer deposition (ALD) of SnO2 on silicon thermal oxide, silicon native oxide, H-terminated Si(001), and polystyrene surfaces using tetrakis(dimethylamino) tin(IV) and H2O at 170 °C to understand film nucleation patterns. Pinhole free films of approximately 1 nm thick SnO2 form on silicon thermal oxide and silicon native oxide and resist etching with SF6 under conditions that etch 0.3  μm into silicon. Nucleation delays were observed on H-terminated Si(001) producing continuous films with pinhole defects. Etch proof-of-concept is studied by UV crosslinking polystyrene, dissolving away non-crosslinked polystyrene to expose native oxide, and depositing 20–100 ALD cycles of SnO2. Well-defined grid patterns are transferred 1.2  μm into Si(001) with SF6 RIE when 50 ALD cycles of SnO2 are grown, which is approximately 4 nm thick.


The current tax law interpretations have been functioning in the Polish tax law since January 1, 2005. The assessment of the two-and-a-half years' period of the principles regulating the binding tax law interpretations indicates that the solutions to this problem have not been ideal. The number of faults and imperfections hindered their practical application. The evidence for this situation is the jurisdiction of administrative courts. The system of issuing interpretations at the level of tax offi ces, however, led to many discrepancies within the same factual states which were to be assessed in the same way. A matter of question was also whether a tax organ could issue an interpretation related to the future of a hypothetical situation.


You've seen them in wonderful old movies, sparkling on Audrey Hepburn, or Joan Crawford or Claudette Colbert, looking as if they cost a millions of pounds. They didn't. They're not the real thing, but they were made with the same care and attention. They are vintage costume jewellery: strands of artificial pearls, individually knotted; 'gems' hand-set and pronged; plastic bangles more fabulous than ivory. They're one hundred years' worth of the most amazing pieces ever produced - and they're all here in brilliant and beautiful colour. Whether you love the boldness of Czech crystal or the delicate 'pearls' of Miriam Haskell, whether your jewels are part of your everyday fashion or a heart-pounding collection of art objets, the thrill of finding sensational pieces never fades. "Vintage Costume Jewellery" is your treasure map to discovering the craftsmanship and tradition that have made these pieces part of our collective memory. With a look to the best designs and designers from the Victorian era through the twentieth century and into the twenty-first, set against a backdrop of social and cultural history, "Vintage Costume Jewellery" brings the very best of the Carole Tanenbaum Collection to aficianados and would-be collectors alike.


This study presents, among other things, which working methods apply to digital tools in Swedish teaching that are most prevalent, what teachers think of that the curriculum was revised and if teac ...


In this article the integration potential of information and environmental approach is described from the dynamic perspective of information society. The idea of strategic use and progress of the integrated information sphere is revealed and the principle of system integration which means development of information culture and intellectual capacity of the individual is presented.


The security element (110) with a UV-excitable effect comprising comprising a structural color, which microcapsules (10) in which colloidal particles (13) are included, which by means of a structure excitation, which comprises forming an electric and / or magnetic field, to one another in having a crystalline-like structure can be arranged and / or are umordenbar, wherein the crystal-like structure (15) on the structure excitation influenced and / or adjustable reflecting and / or transmission properties for light, characterized in that luminescent pigments are provided, which at a luminescence that via an irradiation of UV light, show a luminescence, and the luminescent pigments are arranged so that at least part of the luminescent pigments with the crystal-like structure (15) is installed and an observable luminescence (130) on the structure of the excitation means of the electric or / and magnetic field Abhang- is pure.


We aim to explain regional disparities in mortality in Poland and their changes over the years 1991-2010 taking into account mortality from selected causes of death. The list of causes of death includes causes medically amenable and those dependent on behavioral factors (smoking-related, external causes and Ischemic Heart Disease), but also ill-defined causes. Regional inequalities in mortality are quantified with values of Mean Logarithmic Deviation estimated for regional life-expectancies and separately for gains in life-expectancies in the Polish regions resulting from elimination of selected causes of death. Changes in the value of these indeces are further decomposed to answer the question concerning the source of change in health inequality between Polish regions: changes in population composition and values of life-expectancy in selected regions of the country. Inequalities in life-expectancy between the regions are relatively small and stable over the study period, but the inequalities related to selected causes differ. With the exception of medically amenable causes, this effect is stronger among males. In general, the largest negative effect characterizes medically-amenable causes of death and mortality from IHD. Effect of smoking-related and ill-defined causes is relatively small for the inequality in mortality between Polish voivodships.


One of Extreme Programming practices is Pair
Programming (PP) (the pair consists of a driver and a navigator), which is used for promoting knowledge sharing among students.This practice encourages students to think creatively on
programming solutions, and simplify learning, especially for difficult courses such as Java. By applying PP, students are enforced to improve their social skills while communicating in
the pair.Among the numerous benefits of PP, statistics show that knowledge sharing, communication, and transfer between the
driver and the navigator can improve the code quality.Therefore, this study aims at proposing a conceptual model of a PP knowledge-based sharing for improving programming skills.In order to achieve the stated aim, PP-based laboratory assignments were conducted and the outcomes were compared to evaluate the impact of PP on code quality produced by participating students
with and without adopting the conceptual model. The conceptual model has been validated by analyzing the collected data from the participants of PP-based laboratory assignment using Partial
Least Square form of Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).In the end, this study found that socialization, combination, and internalization are the determinant factors for achieving better code quality in PP environment. The findings of this study would be benefiting the academic environment especially the Agile programmers in the PP domain.


The paper researches the failure detection methods based on the Web service composition,designs the primary-slave failure detector,analyses a failure detection algorithm,and then provides effective means to Web service composition monitoring. The experimental simulation show that this algorithm can effectively decrease the error and improve the system availability.


Combining the practical experience to build and run the energy center at the newly-built area of Maanshan Iron Steel Co.,Ltd.,the energy center's experience to determine jurisdiction and monitor signal,to realize energy saving of the system and to develop effect in energy management is expounded.Some suggestions on building an energy center of the iron and steel metallurgy industry are made.


Quasi-linear functionals are shown to be uniformly continuous and decomposable into a difference of two quasi-integrals. A predual space for the quasi-linear functionals inducing the weak-topology is given. General constructions of quasi-linear functionals by solid set-functions and q-functions are given.


1. Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh. 2. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. 3. Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh. 4. Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 25 January 2020 Final Accepted: 27 February 2020 Published: March 2020


The prototypical antiferroelectric PbZrO 3 has several unsettled questions, such as the nature of the antiferroelectric transition, a possible intermediate phase, and the microscopic origin of the Pbam ground state. Using first-principles calculations, we show that no phonon becomes truly soft at the cubic-to- Pbam transition temperature, and the order-disorder character of this transition is clearly demonstrated based on molecular dynamics simulations and potential energy surfaces. The out-of-phase octahedral tilting is an important degree of freedom, which can collaborate with other phonon distortions and form a complex energy landscape with multiple minima. Candidates of the possible intermediate phase are suggested based on the calculated kinetic barriers between energy minima, and the development of a first-principles-based effective Hamiltonian. The use of this latter scheme further reveals that specific bilinear interactions between local dipoles and octahedral tiltings play a major role in the formation of the Pbam ground state, which contrasts with most of the previous explanations.


The aim of this paper is to underline the urgent need for the application of R.E.S. in Greece, the related problems regarding the natural environment, the archaeological sites, the traditional architecture, and the existing contemporary urban environment. Some references to the theoretical approaches of the subject of environmental Aesthetics are also mentioned. The method to achieve conclusions has been a social survey of the opinions of Greek people, regarding their surrounding environment and the application of R.E.S..  Concluding the economic factor proves to be very important, primarily at the individual level and then at the social or national level, and the aesthetic factor seems to follow the economic one, but is also very important.


China is now successfully feeding 22% of the global population with only 9% of the world's arable land, and per capita food availability has now reached the levels of developed countries. Increasing the amounts of inputs (e.g., fertilizers and water) has played a crucial role in agricultural intensification. However, the total consumption of chemical fertilizers in China exceeded 53.15 Mt (52.31 M tn) in 2007, nearly 35% of the total global consumption. Fertilizer applications are often not based on real-time nutrient requirements of the crop and/or site-specific knowledge of soil nutrient status. This has led to low resource efficiency, declining annual growth rates in crop yields and damage to the environment. It is therefore a matter of some urgency to develop nutrient management technology to meet increasing crop yields with enhanced nutrient efficiencies and sustaining the environment. With the support of the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, we have carried out a large-scale project since 2003 that features integrated nutrient management (INM) systems. A total of 1,517 experiments have been conducted covering 12 cropping systems at 123 sites in 20 provinces to test the principles of INM. INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT In an


Recovery time after dazzling the macula by electronic flash used by photographers was recorded in 50 normal and 50 cases of active and healed cases of central serous retinopathy. In 50 normal subjects the recovery time was 10 to 54 secs, in cases of active CSR the recovery time was 10 to 15 minutes and there was no delay in recovery time in cases of healed CSR


The jobs of nursing lecturers may be under threat from a series of funding cuts that will hit university education.


In the development of multi-culture and globalization, all the nations are paying much attention to juvenile's morality education. The strategies and thinking for morality education have been adjusted, and the new outlook of global morality education has been formed. It is of significance of reality for higher learning institutions to learn the successful experiences of modern juvenile's morality education in abroad and avoid its disadvantages, so as to carry out the Central CPC and the State Council's Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving Undergraduates' Ideological Morality Education, with an aim to healthily construct the undergraduates' ideological morality education.


Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of oxycodone-acetaminophen tablets(Tylox) for the treatment of moderate and serious cancer pain.Methods: In 102 patients with moderate or serious cancer pain,oxycodone-acetaminophen tablet was orally administered.Improvements in pain and adverse effects were observed.Results: The effective rates were 82.5% for moderate pain and 71.8% for serious pain after oxycodone-acetaminophen tablet treatment.Only a few patients had adverse reactions,including dizziness,lethargy,nausea,vomiting and constipation.Conclusion: oxycodone-acetaminophen tablet has definite efficacy and slight adverse reaction in the treatment of moderate and serious cancer pain.


Intrusion prevention system (IPS) is defined as any hardware or software systems that are capable of detecting attacks, both known and unknown, and preventing the attacks from being successful. Firstly, the definition and properties of IPS is discussed, then advantages and disadvantages of four current IPS implementation models are analyzed, i.e. in-line model, layer seven switch model, layer seven firewall model and hybrid model. And as a result an embedded IPS implementation solution based on Giga-bit network data control card called WindForce is presented, aiming at solving the dilemma of those models of improving both network performance and precision of intrusion detection simultaneously.


A special background subtraction in dynamic scintigraphy of the salivary glands enables the production of net-time-activity-curves and the calculation of quantitative parameters of each gland. Regional functional differences within a single gland are shown by phase and gradient images. The physiological kinetics of the tracer and its modifications in different diseases of the glands (acute and chronic inflammation, tumours, Sjögrens-Syndrome) are analyzed in 367 patients.


Graph Cut algorithm applies to medical image segmentation has the excellence of high precision and high accuracy.But object and background seeds must be selected by intervention in all image.Region growth is good at segmenting small region object,but seeds must be selected first and the result is not accurate when low contrast.According to the strong relativity between medical CT image sequence,GCRGIS algorithm is proposed for the segmentation of medical image.Take the contour of the first image as the edge of the second image and then segmented by region growth after erode the edge.The result shows that this algorithm is high speed and high quality.It just needs to deal with the first image by intervention and to deal with next image automatic.


The invention relates to a novel tapping-off switch shift output converter. The converter comprises a signal input joint and a plurality of mutually parallel-connected signal output joints. The signal input joint is provided with N pins, each signal output joint is provided with N pins corresponding to the signal input joint, the pins on the signal input joint are connected with signal lines with equal number of the signal output joints, and each signal line is connected with a corresponding pin on the signal output joint. Conventionally, electric power on-site construction needs connection with multiple manufacturers related with equipment, however, the novel tapping-off switch shift output converter can avoid such work and can be rapidly and simply applied to on-site practice.


Hope is a word often spoken but seldom explained. It can represent a variety of meanings ranging from a pleasant feeling to an optimistic attitude to an expression of religious belief. The word as used by the physician above is more technical. Hope is used to describe a statistical expectation of survival. Since the physician's experience leads her to conclude that the patient has only a 1% chance of survival, she labels his condition "hopeless." The patient's wife responds with a different use of hope. Faced with a medical judgment that her husband will die soon, she appeals to a hope which transcends statistics. She asserts the sovereignty of God's control over her husband's life and pronounces her faith that God may yet intervene on behalf of her spouse. While the physician looks to the consistency of nature to give hope meaning, the wife looks to a personal God who can set aside the laws of nature. In both cases, the positive outcome which can or cannot be hoped for is that the patient will live. The implication is that if the patient should die, all hope will disappear.


Strike-slip fault systems on the western margin of the Dead Sea active pull-apart basin (central part of the Dead Sea Transform) have been mapped in detail in the vicinity of the Ya'elim Valley, in the southeastern Judean Desert.

Compressional, tensional and strike-slip shearing features are described and the geomorphology of the valley (which changes over a 6 km long segment from a mature meandering valley to a deep and narrow canyon, and then to an oversized, very deep and very wide U-shaped canyon), is elucidated using profiles and superimposed cross-sections.

A kinematic model for the Formation of the Ya'elim Valley is proposed, reflecting dextral shearing on the margins of counterclockwise rotating blocks. In the same area Subrecent-Recent spreading of tensional fractures has occurred, separating sections of blocks which protrude eastward into the deepest on-land depression.

The large-width of shear zones sub-perpendicular to the Transform may relate to repeated reversals in the sense of rotation of second-order (rigid block) domains, caused by rotations of neighbouring first order domains due to earthquake ruptures on individual parallel faults of the Transform.


The invention provides a four-fused ring quinoline compound which has the structural general formula as follows (shown in the specification), wherein R1 is C1-C8 alkyl group, phenyl, naphthyl or substituted phenyl, R2 is H, F, C1, Br, methyl or methoxyl, and R3 is hydrogen, tertiary butyl, p-toluenesulfonyl methyl or cyclohexyl. The method further provides a method for preparing the four-fused ring quinoline compound.


Food security is based on the agricultural resources and environment. At present, China's agricultural resources and environment have been faced with three problems. First, due to the shrinking of sown areas and the quality reduction and spatial pattern changes of cultivated land, China's cultivated land resource cannot provide sustainable support for its food production. Second, the contradiction between "the increasing grain demand and the decreasing water resource" has become obvious and the "north-to-south grain transfer" has been increasingly difficult. Third, the agricultural eco-environment has deteriorated and the service function of the agricultural ecosystem cannot be brought into full play. To solve these problems, we should implement the efficient modern ecological agriculture strategy, rebalancing strategy in the grain production area and the trade substitution strategy. Based on these strategies, relevant policy suggestions are also put forward.


Two-dimensional(2D)and two-and-a-half-dimensional(2.5 D) carbon-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide(C/SiC) composite were prepared by the chemical vapor infiltration process and the tensile properties of the composites along the warp and weft direction were compared as a function of fiber architectures and processing-induced cracks.The results show that both the composites exhib mostly nonlinear mechanical behavior.However,the 2.5 D C/SiC composite is highly anisotropic,while the 2 D C/SiC composite is nea isotropic with respect to the warp and weft directions.The 2.5 D C/SiC composite shows higher tensile strength and modulus than the 2 D C/SiC composite in the warp direction(326 MPa,153 GPa vs.245 MPa,96 GPa),but lower strength and modulus than the 2 D C/SiC composite in the weft direction(145 MPa,62 GPa vs.239 MPa,90 GPa).Both of the composites show a noncatastrophic failure mod accompanied with substantial fiber pullout.The fracture of yarns in both the composites demonstrates multi-step fiber fracture,but wit different fracture locations.The large undulation angle of the warp yarns in the 2.5 D C/SiC composite due to its sinusoidal path cause stress concentration in the yarn crossover point,where the warp yarns are consequently most likely to occur.In contrast,the weft yarn have approximately straight paths and then fracture at random locations due to the absence of stress concentration.As for the 2 D C/SiC composite,both the warp and weft yarns in it have similar paths to those of the warp yarns in the 2.5 D C/SiC composite;therefore,the fracture in the same manner as do the warp yarns in the 2.5 D C/SiC composite.Microstructural observations reveal that it is the characteristics of the weave architectures that cause the differences in mechanical properties between the two kinds of composites.


We present two bounds (one lower bound and one upper bound) on the probability of a union of a finite number of events. The bounds-which are expressed in terms of only the individual event probabilities and the pairwise event probabilities-are applied to examine the symbol error (P/sub s/) and bit error (P/sub b/) probabilities of an uncoded communication system used in conjunction with M-ary PSK/QAM modulations and maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding over AWGN channels. It is shown that both bounds provide a good, and often excellent, estimate of the error probabilities over the entire range of the signal-to-noise ratio E/sub b//N/sub 0/. The upper bound on P/sub s/ and the lower bound on P/sub b/ are particularly impressive as they agree with the simulation results even during very severe channel conditions.


The survival of hatchery reared smolts is generally low after release. To get a better understanding of what variables affecting migration success, Atlantic salmon smolts were studied during their out-migration in the old river channel in the lower part of river Umealven. The area consists of shifting habitat and complex structures which causes difficulties for smolt on their migration out to sea. The aim of this study was to try to determine the effects of feed restriction, fin conditions and different physical barriers in the river, on the migratory behavior of Atlantic salmon smolts in the river Umealven.
The river was divided into six different sections using acoustic receivers strategically deployed along the river. Two-year old hatchery-reared smolts (n=150), in three different weight classes, were tagged with acoustic transmitters. The fish were released in late May 2013 and monitored while migrating downstream. A majority of the smolts migrated to the sea within two days after release.
The smolts showed different migration speeds for different sections of the river. In sections containing large substrate size, steep incline and large proportion of rapids the smolts showed a significantly slower migration speed. The migration speed was similar for all weight classes and only a poor condition on the pectoral fin had a significant negative effect on migration speed. Compared to previous studies in the river, the survival and migration speed was high. At the time of release, the water flow was twice as high as in previous studies, which probably explained the higher migratory success.


Shakespeare, to enable him to grasp exactly what Appia has in mind. Many of the roIling periods, which possibly roll more intelligibly, or at least more impressively, in the French and German versions, convey very little to the workaday lover of the theater. For all its patches of obscurity and cloud· touching rranscendentalism, this third -book of Appia's should take its place alongside the two earlier studies, and join the good company of studies by Craig, Fuchs, and others who rescued the theater from its smothering materialism and restored it to its high place among the arts. Since all of Appia's shorter pieces-he was rather prolific, writing more than thirty essays between 1923 and his death in 1928-are to be translated into English, the collected works of this Swiss theater insurgent will eventually occupy a substantial footage on the drama shelf. Richard A. Cordell Purdue University


The charge-transfer energy in water dimer is analyzed. The analysis is based on self-consistent charge and configuration method for subsystems (SCCCMS). The SCCCMS, as such, is not restricted to any computational schemes and can be applied at Hartree–Fock (HF), post-HF, and density functional levels of theory. In our approach, the interaction energy is decomposed into deformation (DEF), electrostatic (ES), polarization (P), charge transfer (CT), and exchange (EX) [exchange–correlation (XC)] contributions. The CT energy is derived from the energy surface spanned in the populational space. The intermediate results obtained during construction of this energy surface, such as chemical potentials, hardness and softness parameters, are of particular interest in the theory of chemical reactivity and, thus, these values are discussed as well. The influence of basis set and computational method is analyzed. The numerical values of the energy components obtained at the HF level of theory are compared with those of ...


The effect of anode and cathode flow fields on the performance of a direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC)was experimentally investigated.Serpentine flow field(SFF),parallel flow field(PFF)and interdigitated flow field(IFF)were designed,fabricated and tested.The studies were conducted in a DMFC with an active membrane area of 25 cm2,working at ambient temperature,using two kinds of methanol concentration solution(1 mol·L-1 and 2 mol·L-1),of methanol flow rates(2.1 ml·min-1and 7 ml·min-1)and of oxygen flow rates(100 ml·min-1and 300 ml·min-1).The results show that SFF as anode flow field has a positive effect on cell voltage and power as better removal of CO2 bubbles.It is also found that CO2 bubbles block flow channels in both PFF and IFF at high current densities,which leads to worse cell performance.For cathode flow field,it is found that water drops block flow channels in PFF,but this channel-blocking phenomenon is never found in both SFF and IFF.The DMFC equipped with both SFF and IFF yields much better performance than that with PFF.The IFF can enhance oxygen transport and cells gain better performance than that with SFF at high current densities.So,it could be deduced that SFF as anode flow field and IFF as cathode flow field would be one of the best choice for the DMFC.


The advent of new machines using an unexpoited natural phenomenon and offfering man unique transportstioa opportunities imposes new technical problems along with exciting possibilities. In particular, the idea of large-scale ships moving over water at speeds upwards of 100 knots presents special problems requiring special solutions. The surface effect ship (SES) is a fast ocean-going ship employing a self-generated cushion of air for lift support, reduction of resistance, and reduction of rough water loads and motions; such ships are envisioned as capable of approximately 85 knots in sea state 4 and possessing transoceanic range with an economical payload and survivability in the open sea. The minimum size for full satisfaction of these criteria is expected to be about 4000 tons full load displacement. The Navy and Commerce Departments are jointly sponsoring a cooperative research program which is to establish the feasibility of designing and building large high-speed surface effect ships. This paper describes the salient features of such craft, sets forth the regions demanding greatest engineering development, discusses briefly the commercial and military future of SES, and explores the problems associated with multithousand-ton ships moving at 100 knots in opea sea conditions.


The Diels−Alder reaction of the electron-deficient (ED) dimethyl 2,3-dimethylenesuccinate with two electron-rich (ER) and two ED ethylenes has been studied at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. The analysis of the geometry and electronic structure of the transition state of the reaction with the ED dimethyl 2-methylenemalonate along with the analysis of the global and local electrophilicity indices of the reagents provide an explanation of the participation of this ED diene as nucleophile against powerful electrophiles in polar Diels−Alder reactions. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)


It introduces problems should be attention in insulation work construction of exterior wall from base treatment、bonding and fixing of insulating layer and treatment for joint of polyphenyl slab to energy-saving design reasonably,which can meet requirement of energy saving of house.


The goal of the federal government`s policy for the management of radioactive waste from its nuclear materials and weapon programs was, and is, to protect the health and safety of those working in these programs, the public and the environment. What has changed since the days of the Manhattan Project are the specific technical solutions pursued, the implementation schedules, and the projected cost to the American taxpayer. Although some of these changes are due to nontechnical and political issues, many have been the result of knowledge gained from research and development programs, scientific over-optimism, and an unrealistic appreciation of the cost and schedule impacts of required stakeholder involvement. The goal of this article is to review the development of waste management policy from the early days of the Atomic Energy Commission to the present. The current generation of policymakers, and their critics, will be greatly aided in their tasks if they have a general understanding of what events have occurred over the past half century that have led us to the current situation.


Change in protein regulation begin years before Alzhiemer's Disease (AD) functional symptom onset. The period where changes in proteins is detectable without overt cognitive dysfunction is often referred to as the asymptomatic AD stage. The ability to utilize biomarkers to determine who is most likely to transition to symptomatic AD is critical for potential future intervention development. Machine learning provides a means to stratify the asymptomatic AD population using measured biomarker levels.


Objective:To explore the clinical effects between total extraperitoneal laparoscopic herniorrhaphy(TEP) and open tension-free hernia repairs in adults.Methods:The electronic databases PubMed,EMbase,CBM,CNKI and Wanfang were used to search for articles from January 1990 to December 2013 in any language.We collected published randomized controlled trials about the research.The evaluation criteria included postoperative complications,chronic pain,recurrence rate,operation time and time to return to normal work.The data was analyzed using the statistic software Review Manager 5.2.Results:Total 30 trials involving 6 994participants were included in this Meta-analysis.A significant longer operation time was observed in TEP group compared with open repair group[SMD = 0.52,95% CI 0.14-0.90,P = 0.007].Compared with open repair method,time to return to normal work was shortened in TEP method[SMD =-1.44,95% CI-1.96--0.92,P 0.000 01].There was no significant difference in recurrence rate[OR = 0.92,95% CI 0.61-1.39,P = 0.71]and postoperative complications[OR = 1.14,95% CI 0.88-1.48,P = 0.32]between the two groups,while TEP had obvious advantages in chronic pain[OR = 0.47,95% CI 0.25-0.88,P = 0.02].Conclusion:TEP is superior to open repair in reducing chronic pain and speeding the recovery,but the operation time of TEP is lonnger; there is no significant difference in recurrence rate and postoperative complications between the two methods.


he agro-industry generates significant amount of waste and the winery sector faces problems with the disposal of that. In the winery process, multiple co-products are generated, such as pomace and stalks, being these the most important and with larger volumes. The wine industry of Rio Grande do Sul has produced about 43,000 tons of pomace in a period of three to four months in 2013. In this study microbiological analysis of pomace in natura and co-products obtained from the grapes were performed. Bacteria from the genus Bacillus were isolated, and the species B. brevis, B. coagulans, B. mycoides and B. stearothermophilus were identified, which have the potential to act as probiotics in animal feeding. It was concluded that the Bacillus species found in the stems and grape pomace are not considered pathogenic and therefore these co-products can be used in animal feeding. Therefore, complementary studies are necessary to measure the limits of their application, as well as their responses for the promotion of animal health.


Since 1992, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has been one of the most common porcine diarrhea–asso-ciated BLOCKINviruses BLOCKINin BLOCKINSouth BLOCKINKorea. BLOCKINWe BLOCKINconducted BLOCKINa BLOCKINlarge-scale investigation BLOCKINof BLOCKINthe BLOCKINincidence BLOCKINof BLOCKINPEDV BLOCKINin BLOCKINpigs BLOCKINwith BLOCKINdiarrhea in BLOCKINSouth BLOCKINKorea BLOCKINand BLOCKINconsequently BLOCKINidentified BLOCKINand BLOCKINcharacter-ized BLOCKINa BLOCKINnovel BLOCKINPEDV BLOCKINvariant BLOCKINwith BLOCKINa BLOCKINlarge BLOCKINgenomic BLOCKINdeletion. P orcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) (family Coro-naviridae, subfamily Coronavirinae, genus Alphacoro-navirus) is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. PEDV causes an acute and highly contagious enteric disease characterized by severe diarrhea, dehydration , and a high death rate in pigs that results in substantial economic losses in the swine industry (1). PEDV was first reported in Belgium and the United Kingdom in 1978; since then, it has been identified in many swine-raising countries (1,2). PEDV was not reported in North and South America until 2013, when it was officially confirmed in the United States; it is spreading rapidly across the country (3). We report the emergence and genetic characterization of a novel PEDV variant with a large genomic deletion, which was serendipitously recognized in fecal and intestinal samples of suckling pigs with diarrhea in South Korea as a result of a systematic surveillance program to monitor activity for porcine diarrhea– associated viruses. The Study A total of 2,634 fecal and intestinal samples were collected from pigs exhibiting diarrhea from 569 swine farms in all 9 provinces of South Korea, during January 1– December 31, 2008; age groups of the pigs are defined in the Table. All samples were processed as 10% (vol/vol) suspensions with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; 0.1 M, pH 7.2), and viral RNA was extracted from them. Subsequently , reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was performed by using 3 primer pairs as described previously (4). To determine complete spike (S) gene sequence, we purified, cloned, and sequenced PCR products on an automated DNA sequencer by using T7, SP6 primers, and newly designed S gene–specific primers (primer sequences available on request). Sequences were analyzed by Clust-alX version 1.83 program and compared with those of reference strains in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted with MEGA version 5.22 (5). The complete S gene sequence of the PEDV variant with a large genomic deletion (strain MF3809/2008/ South Korea) described here has been deposited in Gen-Bank under accession no. KF779469. of 483 samples from the 6 age groups tested (Table); however, when SF2/SR2 primers were subjected to PCR, a strong and single band …


AbstractThe removal/disposal of redundant teletherapy units from NHS hospitals is described, detailing the operational procedures and the transport package background. The Harwell section of the Transport Technology Department has been carrying out these operations since 1991, where initially the service was just offered to the NHS: however, today their specialist transport service has significantly widened and is now offered to other business sectors. Due to the level of radioactivity found in each teletherapy unit, it was necessary to design a special transport packaging to meet the requirements for shipment of these units. Approval was sought from the Department of Transport to adapt a standard Type B package as no other packaging could be found to comply with the necessary requirements. All work Undertaken on the removal and disposal of these units complied with an approved scheme of work and was carried out in accordance with a Qualily Assurance workplan. The proposed scheme of work was also submitte...


The post-war Czechoslovakia needed to deal with a complex and urgent problem of rebuilding the destroyed industry after the Second World War. The complicated circumstances shortly after the war divided Europe into two antagonistic units. The former Czechoslovakia fell under the influence of the Soviet Union. Apart from the political and many other changes, the influence of this power also affected the style of the contemporary architecture. A new style called social realism (sorela) evolved and dominated also the culture and arts. The initial ornateness and exaggerated grandeur of the buildings gradually faded out due to economic reasons. The classical ornamental sorela is irregularly represented in many localities of the former Czechoslovakia. It takes form of discrete buildings or whole blocks. Among the most interesting and extensive units to house tens of thousands of citizens employed in mining and metallurgy, there are the buildings in Ostrava-Poruba and Havířov. The localities are nowadays conservation zones due to their significance.


Shopping tourism and tourism shopping are two disparate concepts,both operation mode and dynamic mechanism difference is very big.Based on literature review at home and abroad,on the basis of domestic scholars found to shopping tourism research is currently only stay on foreign model of summary analysis,its development condition,influence factor and operation mechanism rare dabble.This paper ChenChuanKang sir tourist economic structure theory as the starter,with yiwu national 4 a level shopping tourism scenic area as an example,through the influence shopping tourism market demand factor,supply factor,support factor and so on theory analysis,in-depth analysis of the yiwu shopping tourism development mode and new operation mechanism,so as to shopping tourism theory and empirical study provides new train of thought.


T Precast concrete wall connection node of the present invention, the architectural structure technical field. The T-shaped precast concrete wall comprising a first connection node of precast concrete precast concrete wall and a second wall, a first end face of the precast concrete wall is provided close to the through-holes in the longitudinal side of the node, the end face is provided with a plurality of lateral grooves ; second precast concrete wall in the region of the wall thickness becomes smaller node plate surface a recess is formed; grooves on both sides of the wall close to the plate surface at the end face provided with a longitudinal through-bore, the end face is provided with a plurality of transverse grooves; the first the precast reinforced concrete wall and a first horizontally disposed concealed column stirrups, horizontal rebar disposed within the second precast concrete wall; the longitudinal bore, the inner lateral grooves and recesses of the plate surface of concrete, in situ dark column and a second vertical reinforced concrete stirrups; stirrups of said first and second dark dark column stirrups column intersect. The present invention can improve the structural integrity of concrete fabricated to improve the performance of building structures.


The efficiency, stability, and reliability of the electricity grid can all be enhanced by the V2G concept. Reactive power support, load balancing, active power control, tracking of variable renewable energy sources, harmonic filtering and current are all features of a V2G technology. Ancillary services like frequency and voltage control and spinning reserves may be made possible by these technologies. Battery deterioration, the need for frequent grid-to-vehicle communication, impacts on grid power systems, infrastructure changes, and social, cultural, and technical barriers are a few of the costs associated with V2G. Even though V2G execution can shorten an electric vehicle's lifetime, it is anticipated to be more cost-effective for both grid operators and vehicle owners. This paper reviews these benefits and challenges of V2G technology for both individual vehicles and vehicle fleets.


In the paper the characteristic qualities of the region is researched, especially the regional policy objectives and its system, the methods of evaluating the effectiveness of the regional economy are measured and analyzed, the methods of management of regional development are researched.


Leukemia cutis or leukemic cell infiltration in skin is one of the common extramedullary manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and signifies a poorer prognosis. However, its pathogenesis and maintenance remain understudied. Here, we report massive AML cell infiltration in the skin in a transplantation-induced MLL-AF9 AML mouse model. These AML cells could regenerate AML post-transplantation. Prospective niche characterization revealed that skin harbored mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) with a similar phenotype as BM mesenchymal stem cells. These skin MPCs protected AML-initiating stem cells (LSCs) from chemotherapy in vitro partially via mitochondrial transfer. Furthermore, Lama4 deletion in skin MPCs promoted AML LSC proliferation and chemoresistance. Importantly, more chemoresistant AML LSCs appeared to be retained in Lama4-/- mouse skin post-cytarabine treatment. Our study reveals the characteristics and previously unrecognized roles of skin mesenchymal niches in maintaining and protecting AML LSCs during chemotherapy, meriting future exploration of their impact on AML relapse. A 40-word summary Sandhow et al have in transplantation-induced AML mouse models demonstrated the leukemia-regenerating capacity of AML cells infiltrated in the skin and the role of skin mesenchymal niches in maintaining/protecting AML cells, providing new insight into the pathology of leukemia cutis.


Long-term high payload missions necessitate the need for nuclear space propulsion. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) investigated several reactor designs from 1959 to 1973 in order to develop the Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Application (NERVA). Study of planned/unplanned transients on nuclear thermal rockets is important due to the need for long-term missions. In this work, a system model based on RELAP5 is developed to simulate loss-of-flow accidents on the Pewee I test reactor. This paper investigates the radiation heat transfer between the fuel elements and the structures around it. In addition, the impact on the core fuel element temperature and average core pressure was also investigated. The following expected results were achieved: (i) greater than normal fuel element temperatures, (ii) fuel element temperatures exceeding the uranium carbide melting point, and (iii) average core pressure less than normal. Results show that the radiation heat transfer rate between fuel elements and cold surfaces increases with decreasing flow rate through the reactor system. However, radiation heat transfer decreases when there is a complete LOFA. When there is a complete LOFA, the peripheral coolant channels of the fuel elements handle most of the radiation heat transfer. A safety system needs to be designed to counteract the decay heat resulting from a post-LOFA reactor scram.


In this paper,blades with tips is modeled as a three-mass with springs system.The contact collision between masses is oblique impacting.Thus,the dynamical equation of the system and collision terms is established,and the dynamical behavior of system is studied by using numerical simulation method.The effects of parameters such as gap of masses,contact angle,etc.on damping are discussed.The results show that the gap of masses and contact angle have great effects upon the damping.There exists an optimum gap and a negative contact angle range.It should be considered in the engineering design.In dynamics,as the rotational speed increases,the topological structure of system varied between chaos and periodic motion.


The geomorphology of Assumption Island is distinguished by elev~ted marine terraces .formed when the island was an atoll. Two high marine terraces (III: 10-14 m elevation; U: 4-8 m elevation] composed,of reefal limestones, correspond to two or possibly three peaks of transgression of the world ocean during the Riss-Wi.irm (Isotopic Stage 5), that are confirmed by '!:IIlThf!:llU dates of 127 ~ 2.7 ka. 125 ± 1.8 ~a, 110 ± 4.0 ka, 96 ± 3.0 ka and 82 ± 2.7 ka. Low Marine Terrace I at 2-3 m elevation, was formed during two phases of Holocene transgression. Calcarenites from the base of the lower terrace w~re deposited during the first phase, while an upper unit was emplaced during the second. Accumulation of a large volume of Holocene sand in eastern Assumption Island occurred as detrital material was blown from the exposed shelf during the end of the Late Wiirm-Early Holocene.


Disgust is recognised as a significant emotion in several psychological conditions, including Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The disgust experience is underpinned by the ability to discriminate between the self and non-self. Self/non-self discrimination is an adaptive, phylogenetic mechanism that facilitates rejection and avoidance of potentially aversive external influences. In this review, AN is conceptualised as a disorder of disrupted self/non-self discrimination, where a disturbed sense of self results in emotional responses characterised by disgust and abhorrence at the self: self-disgust. The features underlying self-/non-self-discriminatory ambiguity in AN are discussed in relation to low interoceptive sensitivity and the possibility of constraints on neuroplasticity in the somatosensory cortex during puberty. The consequences of altered experiences of self, and the emotional response of self-disgust, are considered in relation to core AN symptoms including food restriction and avoidance, and the development of more complex negative emotional responses to the self. Dysfunction in the insular cortex is proposed as the neural correlate associated with these processes, with dysfunction in the insula and associated neurocircuitry occupying a potentially crucial role in the development and maintenance of AN. This review has implications for future AN theory and research, as well as possible treatment approaches.


The enlargement of a modern landfill may provide an opportunity to intervene with large-scale projects and thus restore spaces for community use and potentially providing an added value. Based on these premises, the intervention on the Guiyang landfill in China has been developed focussing on the possibility of future reclamation of the site under construction during the design stage by applying an approach that takes into account future use from a technical and, more importantly, economical perspective from the outset. The design proposal has been developed following analysis of these elements: landscape and territory (predominant features of the area, naturalistic features to be preserved, optimization of the interrelationship between the adjacent areas and functionality of the territory); analysis of the residential, infrastructural and productive systems (fundamental in ascertaining the size of the catchment area of potential users). The landfill mining intervention planned in the area allows a more efficient operation of the landfill and has been studied to redesign the site in terms of morphological shapes. Indeed, the project suggests the use of the mass of waste as a plastic element for the reconstruction of a redeveloped landscape according to the shape required by the new configuration of the area. In view of this consideration, in this case study, the typical shape of a landfill is abandoned and the site has been reshaped according to the design of the Chinese landmarks in the surroundings. The area has been conceived as a new green space and defines the role of the landfill site as an Environmental Education Centre and a recreational urban park for public uses, located close to a highly urbanized area. This project design was developed in the context of the ROLES initiative funded by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the framework of the Scientific and Technological Cooperation Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Italy and the Government of the People's Republic of China. ROLES was coordinated by Raffaello Cossu (University of Padova, Italy) with the collaboration of Roberto Raga (University of Padova, Italy) and Dongbei Yue (Tsinghua University, China). ROLES (Remediation of Old Landfills for Environmental sustainability and final Sink) proposes an innovative approach to landfill reclamation, analysing in depth the issue of functional requalification, i.e. the possibility of enhancing the valorisation of landfill surfaces for specific uses aimed at ensuring environmental and landscape sustainability.


Summary Immobilization causes bone dissolution leading to hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria in children. We report the case of a lO-year-old boy who developed 2 stones in the pelvis off his left healthy kicl.ney after only ~ days of immobilization. He was on bedrest after pyeloplasty done for a ureteropelvic junction obstruction on the right side. Compared to references in literature our patient showed stone formation very early during the course of immobilization. Temporary h.\'percalciuria and stone fom1ation are weil c10cumented bl:'cause of underlying kid ney disl:'ase. llw risk fadors of immobilization-induced hypercalciuria and hypercalccmia are discussed together with possible treatment and prophylaxis of this pathology.


The granulator is the main equipment in the production of nylon 6 chip.The redesign of rotary cutting structure of VC083-type granulator has increased the production,decreased the maintenance rate,significantly reduced labor intensity,stabilized work status and provided a powerful protection for continuous production of polymer chips.


Premature physeal closure (PPC) may lead to clinically significant progressive angular deformity or leg
length discrepancy. Many variables seem to play a role in determining which injuries result in PPC. A 8-
year-old boy sustained a non-displaced physeal fracture of distal tibia and fibula. He showed no signs of
PPC at 7 months post-injury. Seven years later, his ankle became painful. He had developed PPC of distal
fibula causing angular ankle deformity, which was treated successfully by corrective osteotomy. To our
knowledge, this is the first reported case of a non-displaced fracture of the distal fibula leading to PPC
several years after the initial injury, which in our understanding was impossible to predict.


This paper reports on an efficient algorithm for locating the 'optimal' solutions for multi-objective optimization problems by combining a state-of-the-art optimizer with a fitness model-estimate. This hybrid framework is introduced to illustrate how to make sufficient use of an approximate model, which includes a 'controlled' process and an 'uncontrolled' process during the search. With the inclusion of such approximate model in the optimization block, a global reseeding strategy based on previous data is also applied to improve the ability of the multi-objective optimizer to find global set of solutions ('pareto' solutions). To this effect, the popular algorithm, NSGA-II, and a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP) are combined synergetically to show details of such processing. Furthermore, a simple (but no simpler) method for selecting the 'training' data necessary for eliciting the fitness landscape model is suggested to address what are now a common engineering problems, in particular those associated with sparse data distributions and objectives converging at significantly different speeds. To test the validity of the proposed multi-objective scheme, a series of simulation experiments, using well-know benchmark functions, are conducted and are compared to those carried-out while using the original NSGA-II and SPEA-2, under similar conditions. The proposed method is also applied to the 'optimal' design of alloy steels in terms of chemical compositions and processing conditions and is shown to perform very well.


A bovine brucellosis vaccine containing Brucella abortus strain RB51 was introduced in 1995 because it was shown to be immunogenic and has lipopolysaccharides deficient in the 0-side chain, e.g., it does not induce production of lipopoiysaccharide antibodies which are detected by standard serodiagnostic tests for brucellosis. However, antibody responses to surface components of strain RB51 have not been characterized, and there is no objective serologic test, such as ELISA, which detects antibodies which are specific for RB51- vaccinated cattle. In this paper, we report the isolation of diagnostic immunoreactive outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Brucella abortus strain RB51 based on their affinity for binding to lectins. Strain RB51 OMPs were separated on SDS-PAGE and reacted with seven different lectins. Of these lectins, Concanavalin A (Con A) had the highest reactivity with the OMPs and was used in the procedure to isolate immunoreactive OMPs. Strain RB51 OMPs


The utility model relates to a spatial greening frame used for rocky side slopes, solving the spatial greening problem of the high-steep rocky side slope with a gradient of more than 70 degrees. The utility model is structurally characterized in that the frame comprises more than one frame unit; each frame unit comprises two columns, a transverse girder and two horizontal pull girders; the frame units which are adjacent horizontally are connected through transverse girders in sequence; the frame units which are adjacent vertically are connected through columns and pull girders; more than two layers of planting bags are arranged in each frame unit; the planting bags are covered with soil rib material nets. The utility model can be designed to various types such as a ladder type and a circular arc type according to the requirements of the owners. Seed-spraying, grass-planting and the spot-sowing of shrub, arbor and liana can be processed on different parts of the surface of the spatial frame. The plant types are selected according to the original plant types on the surroundings, realizing real spatial greening and recovery treatment effect which is coordinated and unified with the peripheral environment.


The radical population of Wyodak coal was decreased by reaction with the reducing agents SmI2, YbI2, and CrCl2. The latter is the most effective, removing 67% of the radicals. It is also the easiest to prepare. The swelling of Wyodak coal in toluene, THF, and pyridine is independent of the coal's radical population demonstrating that radical sites are not responsible for intermolecular associative interactions.


A stochastic implementation of the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell (DFP) quasi-Newton method to minimize dual functions of optimal resource allocation problems in wireless systems is introduced. While the use of dual stochastic gradient descent algorithms is widespread, they suffer from slow convergence rate. Application of second order methods, on the other hand, is impracticable because computation of dual Hessian inverses incurs excessive cost. The proposed method utilizes stochastic gradients in lieu of deterministic gradients for both, the determination of descent directions and the approximation of the dual function's curvature. Since stochastic gradients can be computed at manageable computational cost stochastic DFP is realizable and retains the convergence rate advantages of its deterministic counterparts. Convergence results show that lower and upper bounds on the instantaneous form of the dual Hessian are sufficient to guarantee convergence to a small neighborhood of optimality. Numerical experiments illustrate that for ill conditioned dual functions stochastic DFP outperforms stochastic gradient descent by an order of magnitude.


(57) Abstract: A method and apparatus for shortening the speech latency in voice radio communication system on the data. At the transmitter, the audio information to be transmitted is first encoded using a speech coder (104) which operates in the first operating mode. At least one operating parameter of the transmitter is measured by the processor (118). At least one parameter is proportional to the latency between the transmitter and the receiver. If at least one operating parameter exceeds a predetermined threshold, the speech coder (104) is instructed to operate in the second operating mode. At least one operating parameter when the fall from the second threshold value, the speech encoder (104) is instructed to operate in the first operating mode.


This paper presents a wideband patch antenna array in E-band for wideband operation. The proposed patch arrays are designed by using disparate resonance arms fed by microstrip. This proposed antenna covers the frequency ranges (S11<=-10 dB) from 40 to 80 GHz. The main purpose of designing the proposed antenna to enhance the impedance bandwidth. By varying the length of the disparate arms, To broadening the impedance bandwidth. Microstrip feed is introduced for improving its impedance bandwidth and radiation performance. The proposed antenna arrays have some features suchas resonance tuning ability, low-fabrication cost and enhanced bandwidth. This antenna is simulated using HFSS and fabricated, tested for S-parameters and the performances is used forwideband applications. The proposed antenna mainly used for satellite communication.


This study aims to produce flipbook teaching materials for theme 2, subtheme 2, the benefits of learning energy 1 in class IV at SDN Semplak 1 and to determine the feasibility of flipbook teaching materials. This development uses the ADDIE model. The research begins with a needs analysis, making a design, developing a flipbook teaching material design, then being validated by experts, revising the product, and conducting a limited trial (implementation). The total average value of the validation results of material, media, and language experts shows that flipbook teaching materials are very feasible to use with an average acquisition percentage of 91.90%. In the limited test stage, 29 students gave a very good response to the flipbook teaching materials used. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that this flipbook teaching material was tested, interesting and very suitable for students to use for learning.


Crime scene analysis is a retrospective process from traces to psychology and physiology. It is not only the starting point and foundation of criminal investigation, but also the key part for solving criminal cases. As a typical open complex social system, it has three features, namely, uncertainty, diversity, and complexity, thus making the system modeling a huge challenge. In this paper, we propose the parallel crime scene analysis system based on the artificial societies, computational experiments and parallel execution (ACP) approach, which uses artificial (A) crime scene to describe the basic elements, functions and states of the criminals, computational (C) experiments to compute and predict the different forms of crime scene, and parallel (P) execution to guide or control the evolution of the physical crime process in accordance with the results from the artificial crime scene. First, we propose the concept of parallel crime scene from the perspective of complex system theory and give an overview of its architecture, then we present the construction method of artificial crime scene and the blackboard-based multiagent artificial crime scene analysis system. On this basis, the temporal and spatial interaction models of the criminal subjects are proposed and verified. After that, we introduce the software-defined crime scene analyzing model systematically. The ACP approach sheds light on the intelligent management and control for complex crime scene analysis.


We've done a lot in encouraging and facilitating people to speak up about wrongdoings. Now we need to get better at protecting them.


Recently, there has been increasing interest among researchers and educators for organized collaboration on the national and international levels. The evolution of large scale collaborative efforts between researchers from diverse disciplines was spawned from the necessity to increase efficiency in solving complex problems that require knowledge from multiple disciplines. Realizing the benefits from organized collaborative research, several initiatives have been launched to develop transdisciplinary research groups. The objective of this paper is to present a networked approach to transdisciplinary research and education and propose the initiation of an virtual organization called Transdisciplinary Collaborative Research & Education or T–CORE as a new research and development infrastructure within The Academy of Transdisciplinary Learning and Advanced Studies (TheATLAS).


than it enlightens. It categorizes rather than explains. Since only three systems-plant, community, and society-are considered, there is little recognition that the union is a system by itself. There is ample discussion of federal-state jurisdiction in labor law, and of the adequacy of workman's compensation, but almost nothing is said about participation and democracy in unions. Except for reference to the Western Electric studies, there is little reference to important research which has been done with face-to-face work groups-and almost none to studies of staff-line relationships. Much important material appears in surprising places. The role of the foreman is taken up under industry-society relations, rather than on the plant level. The complex questions of status and of formal and informal organization are considered as an aspect of "problems in designing the system" and the nature of its parts. Data on concentration of ownership and status mobility are scattered through many chapters. There is insufficient recognition that on-the-job relations may vary greatly among different industries and that the building trades, for instance, have a substantially different "feel" than automobile assembly plants. In spite of these criticisms, the reviewer found much that was good. The first third of the book is in many ways the most interesting. This presents a catalog of outworn concepts which had their impact on the past history of industrial relations and have some currency even today: concepts such as "the worker as dependent child" and "the worker as a psychological problem." Particularly useful are the sections which discuss paternalism and scientific management-and the well-chosen quotations which illustrate them. In attempting to treat the three sets of relationships, in-plant, industry-community, and industry-society with equal thoroughness, the author highlights the fact that we know much more about what happens within the plant than about the plant's impact on the larger community. In the reviewer's opinion, however, discussion of the first suffers because of insufficient use of available material. The discussion of industry-community relations is an excellent summary of our current knowledge on that topic. Unfortunately, we do not know enough, particularly about how status in the plant is reflected in status in the community or how divisions in one affect divisions in the other. In summary, this book offers a broad, although in many ways spotty, analysis of the whole field of industrial relations. It suffers at points from excessive dependence on mechanical analogies which fail to carry their own weight. It is well written and contains a useful bibliography. GEORGE STRAUSS Assistant Professor Depaitment of Industrial Relations The University of Buffalo


AbstractThe study investigated the fatigue performance of rubberized stone matrix asphalt (SMA) in the dry process and compared its fatigue characterization with SMAs with other typical binders. Five SMA mixtures were used with the following asphalt binders: (1) virgin asphalt of PG 67-22, (2) crumb rubber modifier (CRM) modified in wet process, (3) CRM modified in dry process, (4) terminal-blend binder, and (5) styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified binder. Dynamic modulus and direct-tension fatigue tests were performed using the asphalt mixture performance tester (AMPT) system. In addition, improved linear amplitude sweep (LAS) tests were performed on the binders by a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The fatigue test data were analyzed by the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) theory. The results showed that (1) dynamic modulus of the rubberized SMA in the dry process was similar to that of the wet process and higher than that of SMA with virgin asphalt, although a little lower than those...


The use of aluminum (Al) alloy substances is analyzed in this paper in order to obtain a lighter and less costly winding design without dimensional changes in electrical machines. The determination...


Intuitively, M varies with the edge length of the union between the two volumes. When one volume fully contains the other; however, the edge length of the union would clamp to the larger of the volumes. With M, containment does not cause clamping; M will continue to vary with the relative sizes and positions of the volumes. This is why we say that M has greater precision than the edge length of the union of the bounding volumes.


Metro station and metro tunnel are two main parts of metro construction project.The design and selection for deep foundation pit engineering of the metro station should be determined comprehensively by engineering environment,including the hydro geological condition,the surrounding buildings,underground pipelines,the characteristics and requirement of supporting type.safe,economic and rational design scheme can be then achieved.According to several typical stations of deep foundation pit engineering design scheme analysis in the first phase of Wuhan Metro Line 2,this paper further clarified the problems,which should be noticed under construction and the selecting method on the deep foundation pit supporting type in the metro station construction.


The invention discloses a method for using waste oil for carrying out one-step method acid catalysis to prepare biodiesel. The waste oil comprises oil foot, soapstock, acid oil, drainage oil and hogwash oil, one or various materials in the waste oil are used as raw materials for preparing the biodiesel according to the following steps: A. hydrolyzing the waste oil at the normal pressure for preparing fatty acid (black fatty acid); B. carrying out vacuum dewatering on the block fatty acid; C. carrying out esterification and dealcoholization; D. carrying out neutralization and water washing; E. carrying out coarse methyl ester dewatering; and F. carrying out methyl ester distillation. Products of fatty acid methyl ester obtained by adopting the method of the invention have the purity higher than 98 percent, and have stable and reliable quality, and conform to the requirements of biodiesel used for internal-combustion engines.


In this study,the effects of Tangningtongluo capsule( TNTL) on hyperglycemia and diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in db / db mice were evaluated. Db / db mice( n = 50) were randomly assigned to 5 groups,i. e.,the model group,the metformin( 0. 14 g·kg- 1) group,the high dose TNTL( 1. 8 g·kg- 1),the middle dose TNTL( 0. 9 g·kg- 1) and the low dose TNTL( 0. 45 g·kg- 1). The wide-type littermates were used for the control mice. Metformin and TNTL were freshly prepared and intragastric administration daily for 20 weeks. Themice in control group and model group were given the same amount of saline. TNTL significantly decreased fasting glucose and Hb A1 c, improved oral glucose tolerance, significantly reduced microaneurysm, decreased the levels of urine protein, BUN and CRE. In conclusion, TNTL exerted a strong hypoglycemic effect and had preventiveeffects on diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in db / db mice.


Synthesis of 6‐aryl‐5‐cyano‐2‐thiouracils 1a–d from the condensation‐cyclization of an aromatic aldehyde, thiourea and ethyl cyanoacetate has been described. Alkylation of 1a–d under different reaction conditions with mono‐and dihalo‐alkanes yielded 2, 3, and 6. Interaction of 1 with POCl3 provided halopyrimidines 8a, b. Nucleophilic substitution on 8 and 3 with aromatic amines gave 9a–d and 7a–d respectively. 6‐Chloro‐5‐nitro‐3‐methyluracil (11) obtained by nitration of 10 underwent nucleophilic substitution with amines providing 12. Some of the compounds screened as leishmanicides did not exhibit any significant activity.


AIM:To study the therapeutic effect and possible mechanisms of Shenma Yizhi decoctio n(SYD) on the mouse model of Alzheimer disease(AD).METHODS: The Kunming mice were treated with D-galactose and AlCl3 for 90 d to establish the AD animal model.The AD model mice in therapy groups were treated with diff erent doses of SYD for 40 days(beginning at the 51th day of AlCl3 exposure). Morris water maze test was used to assess the behavior performance of the mice with different treatment.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the cont ent of malondialdehyde(MDA) in hippocampus were measured and the mRNA expression of bax and bcl-2 was quantified by real-time PCR.The protein level of caspase3 in hippocampus was also determined by immunohistochemistry after the treatment s.RESULTS: Compared to AD model group,the mice in medium-dose SYD group showed better perf ormance in Morris water maze test(P0.05).SYD at medium and high doses mar kedly increased the activity of SOD and decreased the elevation of MDA level( P0.05).SYD at medium dose significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression o f bax and the protein level of caspase-3 in hippocampus(P0.01).No signifi cant influence of SYD at different doses on the mRNA expression of bcl-2 was obs erved(P0.05).CONCLUSION: SYD at medium dose prevents neuro ns from apoptosis and improves the ability of learning and memory in AD model mi ce by enhancing the capacity of anti-oxidation and down-regulating the expressio n of bax mRNA and caspase-3 protein in hippocampus.


Cross area development and simultaneous multi-projects require effective project investment control. But now in many projects, the investment interior consumption is extremely serious because of partners' improper cooperation. So it's a key point to select a suitable partner to lower consumption, enhance efficiency, guarantee quality and control investment. This paper will evaluate the contractors' capability and effort which have influence on the project investment goal from the in-fighting point. And then a pre-evaluating and post-evaluating system will be designed to help the developers choose a proper partner.


Empirical likelihood is a very powerful nonparametric tool that does not require any distributional assumptions. Lazar (2003) showed that in Bayesian inference, if one replaces the usual likelihood with the empirical likelihood, then posterior inference is still valid when the functional of interest is a smooth function of the posterior mean. However, it is not clear whether similar conclusions can be obtained for parameters defined in terms of $U$-statistics. We propose the so-called Bayesian jackknife empirical likelihood, which replaces the likelihood component with the jackknife empirical likelihood. We show, both theoretically and empirically, the validity of the proposed method as a general tool for Bayesian inference. Empirical analysis shows that the small-sample performance of the proposed method is better than its frequentist counterpart. Analysis of a case-control study for pancreatic cancer is used to illustrate the new approach.


Many workers using vibratory tools suffer from handarm vibration syndrome. Among symptoms of the syndrome, blanching attack is the most typical. In terms of medico-legal aspects, objective recognition of Raynaud's phenomenon is considered to be most important in judging the syndrome as an occupational disease. Measurement of finger systolic blood pressure test (FSBP%) in the laboratory has recently been introduced in Europe to confirm the occurrence of vibration-induced white finger. During the epidemiological study at the Stockholm Workshop 1994, the following points were agreed upon in making a confirmation of the occurrence of blanching attack: recognition of white finger during a doctor's inspection, color pictures of the hands photographed together with the patient's face and measurement of zero-value of FSBP%. Even if workers complain of blanching attacks in the fingers, if Raynaud's phenomenon cannot be confirmed under these criteria, registration of these cases must be judged as cases of unidentified phenomenon. However, it is very difficult to confirm Raynaud's phenomenon under direct inspection by a doctor or with color photographs because of the rapid disappearance of attacks. In addition, it is rare that FSBP% shows zero-value in a laboratory. Theoretically, a zero-value of FSBP% indicates complete closure of the digital arteries resulting in a blanching attack. We report the simultaneous observation of both zero-value of FSBP% and blanching attack during cold provocation test.


Social Media has become predominant in both our personal and professional lives and organizations across sectors are beginning to take advantage of social networking sites. Still, the full potential of social media has not been fully realized and adapted to the fit the needs of educational, business, marketing, and governmental units.


The dynamics of change in rate of uptake of /sup 3/H-thymidine in DNA and whole cells following exposure to ..gamma.. radiation at a dose of 360 rad were studied in cultures of Chinese hamster fibroblasts. It was shown that there is a change in permeability of plasma membranes for thymidine immediately after irradiation, and that it is possible for the changes to occur in different direction, with fluctuating dynamics. Considering the changes in the intracellular pool of precursor, DNA synthesis is 30% inhibited by radiation, while the dynamics of changes therein are also inherent in other nonspecific cellular reactions to lesion. The contradiction of literature data pertaining to the dynamics of postradiation changes in DNA synthesis is explained on the basis of the obtained results, and it is indicated that one must take into consideration the changes in cell membrane permeability when studying processes of synthesis of macromolecules with the use of labeled precursors thereof.


The controlled functionalization of a single fluorine in a CF3 group is difficult and rare. Photochemical C–F bond functionalization of the sp3-C–H bond in trifluorotoluene, PhCF3, is achieved using catalysts made from earth-abundant lanthanides, (CpMe4)2Ln(2-O-3,5-tBu2-C6H2)(1-C{N(CH)2N(iPr)}) (Ln = La, Ce, Nd and Sm, CpMe4 = C5Me4H). The Ce complex is the most effective at mediating hydrodefluorination and defluoroalkylative coupling of PhCF3 with alkenes; addition of magnesium dialkyls enables catalytic C–F bond cleavage and C–C bond formation by all the complexes. Mechanistic experiments confirm the essential role of the Lewis acidic metal and support an inner-sphere mechanism of C–F activation. Computational studies agree that coordination of the C–F substrate is essential for C–F bond cleavage. The unexpected catalytic activity for all members is made possible by the light-absorbing ability of the redox non-innocent ligands. The results described herein underscore the importance of metal–ligand cooperativity, specifically the synergy between the metal and ligand in both light absorption and redox reactivity, in organometallic photocatalysis.


Principle Components Analysis is a method of unsupervised learning. We have not yet covered unsupervised learning, though we will in the second half of the semester. The important thing to know at this point about unsupervised learning is that unsupervised learning methods do not use labels Y . Principle Components Analysis (PCA), therefore, does not use Y in determining the principle components. Instead, the principle components are determined solely by looking at the predictors X1,...,Xp. Each principle component is a weighted sum of the original predictors X1,...,Xp. For clarity of notation, we will use Z to represent principle components and X to represent predictors. Principle components are created in an ordered way. The order can be described as follows: If you had to project all of the data onto only one line, the first principle component defines the line that would lead to points being as spread out as possible (e.g. having highest variance). If you had to project all of the data onto only one plane, the plane defined by the first two principle components (which are orthogonal by definition) would be the plane where the points were as spread out as possible (e.g. highest possible variance). In contrast, if you projected all of the data onto the line defined by the last principle component, the points would be clustered very close together (there would be low variance). Since variance is greatly affected by measurement scale, it is common practice and a good idea to scale your variables, so that results are not driven by the scale on which the variables were measured. When estimating principle components, you will estimate p components, where p is the number of predictors X. However, you usually only pay attention to / use the first few components, since the last few components capture very little variance. Note that you can exactly recover your original data when using all p components.