With the rise of the tourism industry in China,the development of ancient town has also been listed in the schedule of various planning. There has been broad debate on how to develop the ancient towns. Taking Nuodeng,which is a typical Bai Minority town with more than one thousand history,for example,this paper compares it with the other typical ancient towns,and discusses the games on the following aspects,including route selection,cost investment and benefit coordination. Countermeasures are put forward in this paper to protrude the characteristic feature,to display the live history and to emphasize the educational function. This paper tries to provide some references to the development of ancient town in China.


Since sewage sludge has a high moisture content even after dehydration, when used as energy such as fuel, the moisture content of sewage sludge must be reduced to 10% or less. In the case of using sewage sludge as fuel or reducing moisture, a fermentation and drying system by Bio-drying is introduced, and the Bio-drying system is generally dried by heat generated when aerobic microorganisms decompose organic matter in the sewage sludge, and the correlation between the temperature change and the water reduction of the fermentation tank is determined to be very important. The reduction of sewage sludge moisture by the bio-drying system was found to be most affected by the number of stirrings in the fermentation tank and the maintenance of high temperatures of 70oC or higher, and the reduction of temperature caused by excessive supply of air at 390 to 600mL/kg/min was found. In the case of experiments with one to five times more stirring times, the moisture reduction effect was 14.5% and 15.5%, which showed much greater reduction rate than the average reduction rate of 12.7%.


A method is given by which the descriptive content of quantum state information can be encoded into subparticle coordinates. This method is consistent with the MA-model solution to general grand unification problem. Subparticles are predicted by the MA-model (Herrmann, 1994). They are used for various purposes and it has recently been shown that subparticles can transmit quantum state information over any distance in a manner that would appear to be instantaneous (Herrmann, 1999a) without violating Einstein separability. What has been missing from these investigations is a direct method that would encoded such information within the appropriate ultimate subparticle coordinate so that the generation of an intermediate subparticle would display this information when the standard part operator, st(·), is applied. Recall that each of the coordinates of an ultimate subparticle that characterizes physical behavior contains only the numbers ±1/10 ω , when ω is a Robinson (1966) infinite natural number. Consider any descriptive scientific language L, and construct an intuitive word w that yields the descriptive content for a particular quantum state. Note that w ∈ [w] ⊂ L, where [w] is the equivalence class of all symbol strings that have the same relative meaning (Herrmann, 1999b). Then, as in Herrmann (1987, 1994), there is an encoding i into the set of natural numbers (including 0). In the equivalence classes of partial sequences E, there is the unique set [f 0 ] such that f 0 (0) = i(w)., there is a subparticle coordinate a j that corresponds to this specific quantum state information. It is also known (Herrmann, 1994, 1999a), that there exists an hyperreal natural number λ such that st(λ/10 ω) = i(w). Hence, in order to obtain the intermediate subparticle such that st(a j) = i(w), simply consider a λ hyperfinite combination of ultimate subparticles. This will yield an intermediate subparticle with an a j coordinate st(λ n=1 1 10 ω) = i(w).


Background:  Clonidine is still the most popular additive for caudal regional anesthesia. Aim of the present quantitative systematic review was to assess the efficacy and safety of the combined use of clonidine and local anesthetics in comparison with caudal local anesthetics alone.


Global warming and air pollution become one of the environmental issues facing the world. the construction sector consumes about 40% of total global energy. Many strategies have been adopted to improve the efficiency of building construction to reduce material consumption and carbon emissions. One way to find out the environmental impact and carbon emissions produced is with a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This study aims to predict the environmental impact of concrete slab construction in two-story dwellings using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach of the material used with the help of software, namely Simapro 9.0. The scope of the study is the cradle to the grave. The results of the SimaPro 9.0 concrete plate construction analysis, especially in global warming are 1.02, E +07 kg CO 2 eq. The biggest contribution to the manufacture of concrete slabs is the casting process with a value of 1.00, E +07 kg CO 2 eq.


Abstract: Previous investigators have detected unknown oxidized forms of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) in the CSF of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Furthermore, an unidentified autoxidation product of this neurotransmitter is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme compromised in the Alzheimer brain. In this study it is demonstrated that the major product of autoxidation of 5‐HT is 5,5′‐dihydroxy‐4,4′‐bitryptamine (DHBT). Central administration of DHBT to mice at a dose of 40 μg (free base) evokes profound behavioral responses, which persist until the animals die (∼24 h). One hour after central administration of DHBT, the levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, 5‐HT, and acetylcholine and their metabolites in whole brain are greatly elevated. Disturbances to the catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems were still evident shortly before the death of animals. DHBT is also shown to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of AChE in vitro. These observations suggest that if DHBT is formed as an aberrant metabolite of 5‐HT in the human brain, it could potentially be neurotoxic and contribute to the neuronal degeneration and other neurochemical and neurobiochemical changes associated with AD or perhaps other neurodegenerative diseases.


Objective To review the ultrasonic findings and clinical manifestation of solid pseudo-papillary tumor of pancreas(SPTP) before operation.Methods Both ultrasonic imaging findings and clinical data of 15 case of SPTP were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 13 female and 2 male patients in this study,aged 18~31y(mean 24.3y).The average size of the tumor was 5.0 cm(3.3~7.5 cm),and 6 case positioned in head of the pancreas,6 case in the body,3 case in the tail.The diagnostic accordance rate was 33.3%(5/15) by ultrasonographic examination alone,it was raised to 66.7%(10/15) by combination of age,sex and tumor marks.Conclusion Based on distinctive ultrasonic manifestation and clinical characteristics the diagnostic accordance rate of solid pseudo-papillary tumor of pancreas can be improved markedly.


ABSTRACT This paper describes how the Taxi Passenger Enhancement Program (TPEP) Trip Record data can be used to measure traffic congestion along selected corridors in Manhattan. Two corridors in the rapidly changing Far West Side, Ninth Avenue and Tenth Avenue, were selected for analysis in this case study. This paper will describe a methodology using GIS applications that can visualize and identify trends in traffic conditions over time along corridors selected for analysis. This methodology can be applied to evaluate and monitor congested corridors in response to changes in land use patterns, policy decisions, and various temporary conditions affecting street operations.


See related article, pp 577–586

Blood pressure control is largely dependent on the vasodilator capacity of blood vessels, which for the major part requires the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factors, that is, NO and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). In conduit vessels, NO is most relevant, whereas in resistance vessels, EDHF is believed to have a more prominent role.

NO interacts with sGC (soluble guanylyl cyclase) to convert GTP (guanosine-5′-triphosphate) to cGMP, which subsequently binds to PKG (protein kinase G). Two PKG genes (I and II) exist, and vascular smooth muscle cells express only PKG I. The PKGI gene expresses as 2 separate isoforms (α and β), which are splice variants of the same gene and differ only in sequence of their N-terminal leucine zipper (LZ) interaction domain.1 They occur as homodimers, and their LZ domains mediate PKG binding to specific substrates, via LZ–LZ cointeraction. For instance, cGMP-activated PKG Iα phosphorylates vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (Figure). NO donors (nitrates), sGC activators/stimulators (riociguat, cinaciguat, and vericiguat), and phosphodiesterases 1 and 5 inhibitors (which block cGMP degradation by phosphodiesterases 1 and 5, eg, ITI-214 and sildenafil) target this pathway (Figure). Yet, their indications include angina pectoris, erectile dysfunction, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and neurological disorders, but not systemic hypertension. This might be because central blood pressure is mainly regulated through resistance vessels, requiring drugs to exclusively target EDHF.

Figure.
The vasodilator capacity of blood vessels depends on NO and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs) released from the endothelium. NO is generated by eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) from l-arginine and activates sGC (soluble guanylyl cyclase) to generate cGMP from GTP (guanosine-5′-triphosphate). Next, cGMP binds to PKG Iα (protein kinase G Iα), capable of phosphorylating VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein). EDHFs like H2O2 induce the formation of a disulfide bond between the cysteine 42 residues of 2 …


In the rat's anterior pituitary, mitoses occur to be side by side, forming "pairs", the frequency of which is significant all the more as their number is underrated in sections. In 85% of the pairs the mitoses are synchronous. These paired synchronous mitoses are suggestive of the existence of cellular clones in the pituitary.


There is a need for improved methods in conducting reliability studies of electric power systems. This is motivated by NERC TPL-001-4 for analyzing N-1-1 contingency events. In this paper a new reliability analysis technique is developed. Referred to as a Risk-Based Reliability Method (RBRM), it is applied to a 68-bus, 16-machine IEEE benchmark to evaluate system reliability under N-1-1 analysis. Factors include the transmission line age, load flow under normal conditions and load flow under post-first-disturbance conditions. Results are also included where reliability factors are modified in order to improve the ability to identify and rank the most severe and highly probable contingencies.


—Continued on Page 33 Bernard Madoff was an investment genius; home prices will always go up; a black man will never become president; and Iraq had weapons of mass destruction. Some very smart people and sophisticated organizations all believed these statements to be true. They were wrong. These are examples of what Irving Janis referred to as groupthink, a mode of thinking by a cohesive and single-minded group that believes it holds infallible positions. Consequently, its members discount warnings questioning their viewpoints, stereotype alternative perspectives as inferior, uninformed, or stupid, and interpret the absence of criticism as proof of their correctness. This groupthink mentality is disturbingly evident among those who argue that older persons who are having difficulties living independently should age in place. That is, they should remain in their familiar dwellings and cope with their age-related health problems and impairments by proactively introducing needed design modifications, assistive devices, medical monitoring, diagnostic and home security technologies, and personal assistance and Aging in place has come a long way since it surfaced over twenty years ago as a concept reflecting the phenomenon and preference of older persons to stay in their own homes. It has become an element of housing and aging policies, and was a major issue at the 2005 White House Conference on Aging. Policy responses to support aging in place, however, have been piecemeal and fragmented, leaving many older people in homes that are unsupportive and in communities that offer them few housing options. Even worse, we continue to build new homes that lack the features to help the next generation of older persons to age in place. Nevertheless, there are several promising developments and opportunities to make physical housing a more viable element in our policies by coupling home modifications with energy conservation, changing codes to build housing better in the first place, and providing a range of housing options so that age friendly communities offer a choice for older persons.


A positioning method of initial rotor position based on the principle of magnetic orientation was presented.Through the motor perturbation inflict current vector,narrow the scope of location by changing the current vector make use of the relationship between the encoder and the current vector.During the process of positioning,the rotors rotation small movement,can meet the needs of non-impact machine permanent magnet synchronous motor position of the initial request.Analyzed the principle of position and experimental results are given.


Abstract. The Columbia Wetlands are one of the largest contiguous wetland complexes in western North America. Current population estimates are necessary for designation of priority conservation areas and for reliable assessment of population status for species of conservation concern. This multi-year study (2016–2019) was designed to estimate abundances of focal and secondary marsh birds using standardized call-broadcast protocols and distance sampling methods. Abundances of focal species varied by year, and mean population estimates indicated the most abundant secretive marsh birds were Sora (Porzana carolina; 4605 birds), followed by American Coot (Fulica americana; 2358 birds), Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola; 2124 birds), and Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps; 1657 birds). Most abundant secondary species were Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris; 6328 birds), Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus; 5422 birds), Yellow-headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus; 884 birds), and Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata; 445 birds). Habitat covariates for detection functions varied by species, tended to include woody vegetation, tall vegetation, and open water; supporting previous studies proposing that a 'hemi-marsh' state is an important habitat condition for many marsh bird species. The Columbia Wetlands provide important wetland habitat and these estimates underscore the need for effective management for the conservation of British Columbia's avifauna.


The iron intake from food is an active and therefore controlled process of the intestinal mucosa. Iron de fi ciency can often be attributed to an impaired resorption and is primarily treated by unphysiologic, very high, and not well-tolerated oral doses of iron. In the case of PHÖNIX Ferrum spag. we can rather talk of an iron induction.Thee ff ectivenessisbasedonachangedregulationoftheironresorption and the amount of iron in the drug is relatively small. Thestandardizedevaluationofthetreatmentof110patientsfrom24medicalprac-ticeswithPHÖNIXFerrumspag.,whichispresentedhere,showsaregulativee ff ect on the iron metabolism. In 82% of the patients the e ff ectiveness, and in 97% of the patients the tolerance has been assessed as very good and good. It has been possible, to con fi rm these subjective assessments by laboratory parameters. Sidee ff ectshavenotbeenobservedduring thetherapy.Therefore,PHÖNIXFerrum spag.isane ff ectiveandwell-toleratedalternativeinthecaseofdiseases,whichare associated with an insu ffi cient iron intake from food.


Abstract We compared a range of anatomical features of northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens Schreber) collected from areas where deformity rates were low (-2% in nonstressed regions) and high (-40% in the stressed region) to determine if one or more of these characters might be useful in detecting developmental stress. Deformed individuals from the stressed region were significantly lighter than normal frogs both from the same region and from nonstressed regions. Body length, head width, femur length, and forelimb length were also significantly shorter in deformed and normal individuals from the stressed region than in individuals from nonstressed regions. Despite being smaller, deformed individuals had significantly larger pigment spots. Fluctuating asymmetry in femur length, femur spot area, femur spot number, and tibio-fibula length was significantly greater in deformed frogs than in normal frogs from the stressed population and the nonstressed group. Of these characters, however, only femur spot number provided a data set suitable for fluctuating asymmetry analysis (R - L values have a normal distribution, no directional asymmetry, no size-dependent asymmetry). There were no significant differences found among the three groups for fluctuating asymmetry in forelimb length, eyespot area, lateral spot number, and lateral spot area.


By extending the previously proposed heuristic parameterization, the author derived an analytical equation computing the overlap areas between the precipitation (or radiation) areas and the cloud areas in a cloud system consisting of cumulus and stratus. The new analytical equation is accurate and much more efficient than the previous heuristic equation, which suffers from the truncation error in association with the digitalization of the overlap areas. Global test simulations with the new analytical formula in an offline mode showed that the maximum cumulus overlap simulates more surface precipitation flux than the random cumulus overlap. On the other hand, the maximum stratus overlap simulates less surface precipitation flux than random stratus overlap, which is due to the increase in the evaporation rate of convective precipitation from the random to maximum stratus overlap. The independent precipitation approximation (IPA) marginally decreases the surface precipitation flux, implying that IPA works well with other parameterizations. In contrast to the net production rate of precipitation and surface precipitation flux that increase when the cumulus and stratus are maximally and randomly overlapped, respectively, the global mean net radiative cooling and longwave cloud radiative forcing (LWCF) increase when the cumulus and stratus are randomly overlapped. On the global average, the vertical cloud overlap exerts larger impacts on the precipitation flux than on the radiation flux. The radiation scheme taking the subgrid variability of water vapor between the cloud and clear portions into account substantially increases the global mean LWCF in tropical deep convection and midlatitude storm track regions.


Radiographs obtained at definitive and boost irradiation in 50 patients with stage I-II breast cancer were retrospectively examined. Tangent target fields planned on the basis of surgical clips placed at excision biopsy were evaluated with simulation radiographs. Four (8%) of 50 tangent target fields would have been inadequate without clips, and 23 (46%) of the boost targets would have been missed (12 [24%], totally; 11 (22%), marginally). Radiopaque surgical clips placed at excision biopsy help plan boost-irradiation target fields.


The found that most interventions demonstrated a positive response to uncertainty in at least one of three domains (cognitive, behavioural and emotional). This study provides fuel for reflection on the complex and pervasive


Introduction: Since the anxiety is one of the effective factors in athletes, The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on reducing anxiety in Martial Athletes. Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all Martial Athletes in Ardabil in 2022. 30 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned in experimental and control group (15 people in each group). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was implemented in 10 sessions, each session lasting 20 minutes, but the control group received no training. Data was collected using State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire (Moritz, 1990), which were administered in two stages of pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the post-test scores of the experimental group compared to the control group. In other words, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) led to a significant increase in the self-confidence scores and a significant decrease in the physical and cognitive anxiety scores of the athletes (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the treatment of transcranial direct current stimulation is an effective intervention on reducing anxiety in Martial Athletes and is a suitable, low-cost and accessible way that athletes can use.


Online learning has gained increasing attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Teachers face social exigencies to design ways of knowledge dissemination in online instruction. We posit that understanding how knowledge can be represented in successful online academic genres can inform teachers on how they can design students' online learning experiences. This study examined how scientific knowledge is disseminated in one of the most widespread academic genres, TED Talks, which share discoursal similarities with other academic genres such as online lectures. This study adopted a systemic functional multimodal discourse analysis approach to explore how a presenter used speech, images, and gestures to disseminate knowledge. The analysis shows that a presenter orchestrates speech, images, and gestures strategically to clarify the scientific ideas and engage the audience. Based on understanding how the three semiotic modes are used to disseminate scientific knowledge in accessible and engaging ways, this paper discusses how insights on multimodal orchestration can function as a heuristic tool to inform design in online learning.


Gallium is the metal in ⅢA group,period Ⅳ,a main group metal element. The chemical behavior of gallium is similar to that of aluminium,advantages of gallium salt as a water-tolerant,safe and good selectivity Lewis acid have been extensively exploited in a significant number of organic reactions. In this work,the development of gallium reagents was reviewed as an effective and nonhydrolyzable catalyst for many organic synthetic transformations in the recent 5 years,such as metal gallium,gallium salt and other gallium reagents. The new types and the advantages of reactions have been introduced. The recent advances of these reactions are summarized and the future of gallium reagents mediated reactions are presented.


In order to monitor the electron temperature during plasma afterglow experiments, a gated microwave radiometer has been developed. The radiometer differs from the usual Dicke type of radiometer in the input switching scheme and in the fact that a good time resolution is required. The radiometer to be described has a time resolution of one microsecond and a temperature sensitivity of about ten degrees Kelvin when measuring temperatures near room temperature. The response time when used with a repetitive afterglow is 20 seconds. Measurements of electron temperature in a decaying nitrogen plasma have been made duirng the initial 300 microseconds of the afterglow.


As anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) agents are progressively being used in various medical conditions, dermatological adverse events have been encountered more frequently. To understand such dermatological conditions that have been documented while undergoing anti-TNF therapy, we reviewed relevant literature, including case reports and case series. Reported dermatological conditions included infusion and injection site reaction, cutaneous infection, psoriasiform eruption, dermatitis, allergic rash, lupus-like lesion, vasculitis, lichenoid reaction, granulomatous reaction, hair loss, cutaneous infection, and cutaneous neoplasm. These events had varying strengths of causal association and severity therefore, drug discontinuation may or may not be required.


In this issue of Blood , Heider et al describe the preclinical development of a novel Fc-engineered monoclonal antibody targeting the B-cell antigen CD37, an antigen that may have very different properties then CD20.[1][1]

In 1997, the first monoclonal antibody for treatment of cancer, rituximab,


In the recent decades, carbon footprint assessment of an activity has been emerging as a major research area. The carbon trading called "CAP and TRADE system" is evolved out of the Kyoto Protocol and emission trading schemes and is experimented across countries to encourage organizations to control emission. The region or country fixes the CAP which is the limit for emissions emitted by an organization. This chapter depicts the performance evaluation of a supply chain under the carbon cap and trade scheme. A mathematical model is proposed which considers carbon emissions as a result of supply chain operation, carbon trading among members of the supply chain, and carbon trading with members of outside supply chain. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed for the performance evaluation of a forward supply chain having 4 stages. The analysis shows that carbon trading allows economic benefits as well as environmental benefits.


Abstract 3D printing in medical physics provides opportunities for creating patient‐specific treatment devices and in‐house fabrication of imaging/dosimetry phantoms. This study characterizes several commercial fused deposition 3D printing materials with some containing nonstandard compositions. It is important to explore their similarities to human tissues and other materials encountered in patients. Uniform cylinders with infill from 50 to 100% at six evenly distributed intervals were printed using 13 different filaments. A novel approach rotating infill angle 10o between each layer avoids unwanted patterns. Five materials contained high‐Z/metallic components. A clinical CT scanner with a range of tube potentials (70, 80, 100, 120, 140 kVp) was used. Density and average Hounsfield unit (HU) were measured. A commercial GAMMEX phantom mimicking various human tissues provides a comparison. Utility of the lookup tables produced is demonstrated. A methodology for calibrating print materials/parameters for a desired HU is presented. Density and HU were determined for all materials as a function of tube voltage (kVp) and infill percentage. The range of HU (−732.0–10047.4 HU) and physical densities (0.36–3.52 g/cm3) encompassed most tissues/materials encountered in radiology/radiotherapy applications with many overlapping those of human tissues. Printing filaments doped with high‐Z materials demonstrated increased attenuation due to the photoelectric effect with decreased kVp, as found in certain endogenous materials (e.g., bone). HU was faithfully reproduced (within one standard deviation) in a 3D‐printed mimic of a commercial anthropomorphic phantom section. Characterization of commercially available 3D print materials facilitates custom object fabrication for use in radiology and radiation oncology, including human tissue and common exogenous implant mimics. This allows for cost reduction and increased flexibility to fabricate novel phantoms or patient‐specific devices imaging and dosimetry purposes. A formalism for calibrating to specific CT scanner, printer, and filament type/batch is presented. Utility is demonstrated by printing a commercial anthropomorphic phantom copy.


The effect of electric stimulation on some quantitative character of old duck and chicken carcasses were the main aim of the present study. The device for measuring meat tenderness was designed at department of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, and University of Basrah. A total of 36 old duck and same number of spent layer chickens aged78.21 week's birds were slaughtered with knife manually. They de-feathered, and all internal organs were removed. Carcasses were divided into three groups, the control group (no electric stimulation), the second treatment group (electric conductivity 3.67 V/cm) with low voltage [110 volt]) and 1% saline solution, the third treatment group (7.33 V/cm) with 220 V voltage and 1% saline solution. Traits were measured at 25 min, 6 hrs and 24 hrs after electric stimulation. The carcasses were stored for 30 and 60 days. The following histological parameters were determined; sarcomere length, muscle fiber length, muscle fibres breaking index and color. The results indicated that length of sarcomere and muscle fibre breaking index were significantly(P≤0.05) affected by electric stimulation, because there was an increase in sarcomere length and muscle fiber breaking index of third treatment in chicken with an increasing interval of time. There was a significant (P≤0.05) decrease in muscle fiber diameter in electric stimulation treatment three (duck and chicken) with the time progress. Duck differed significantly when compared to chicken. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of electric stimulation on color lightness (L). Duck appeared to be darker in color than chicken. Treatment group three revealed blue coloration at 25min, 60 days in both duck and chicken. Whereas other treatment groups showed yellowness (b) color. Similarly, stimulation affected color redness (a) where all groups showed greenish except 30 and 60 day intervals, their color was reddish and value of (a) of duck was less than of chicken. Electric stimulation (especially 220 V voltage) improve meat tenderness of both chicken and duck.


Abstract The non-equilibrium fluid mechanics and thermodynamics of two-phase vapour-droplet and gas-particle flow are considered. The formation of the droplets as well as their subsequent interaction with the vapour are discussed. Five topics have been given particular attention: (i) CFD application to unsteady condensation waves, (ii) CFD application to shock waves moving through a vapour-droplet mixture, (iii) a new theory of nucleation of water droplets in steam turbines based on Monte Carlo simulation (steam turbines are responsible for 80% of global electricity production and the presence of moisture significantly reduces the turbine efficiency costing £50m per annum in the UK alone), (iv) a unified theory for the interpretation of total pressure and total temperature in two-phase flows and, (v) a unified theory of particle transport in a turbulent flowfield.


The energy consumption and SO2 and TSP emission reduction of regenerated water source heat pump(RWSHP) and coal-fired boiler(CFB) during the process of life cycle stages,including the raw material production,machines manufacture,transportation,heat production,and waste disposal,were analyzed and compared using the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) method.The results show that the RWSHP can save 1GJ heat energy and reduce 0.7kg SO2 and 7.2kg total suspended particulates(TSP) compared to CFB when producing 1GJ heat energy.Heat production is the critical stage of energy consumption and pollutants emission,and more than 99% energy consumption and pollutants emission emerge in this stage.If the regenerated water from existing and planned sewage treatment plants of Shenyang city is applied RWSHP to replace CFB heating in heating season,which can save 11×106GJ heat energy(converting into 3.75×106t standard coal) and reduce 75.9t SO2 and 775.4t TSP.


Aim To investigate the protective effect of chitosan oligosaccharides(COS)in human vascular endothelial cells(EA.hy926) damaged by TNF-α.Method The model of cell treated with TNF-α to express high levels of IL-6 and IL-8 was established.The effect of COS on cell expression of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by TNF-α was estimated not only at the RNA transcriptional level but also in protein production through RT-PCR and ELISA assay,respectively.The effect of COS on activation of p38MAPK signaling pathways and expression of OGT in the cell was detected by Western blot.The effect of p38MAPK inhibitor and glucosamine on the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by TNF-α at mRNA level was verified by RT-PCR.Results Model of injury cell which expressed high levels of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by TNF-α was established successfully.COS inhibited the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by TNF-α at mRNA transcription and protein translation levels in the cell.The study revealted that the inhibitory effect of COS on vascular endothelial cells expression of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by TNF-α may be mediated via decreasing phosphorylation of p38MAPK and increasing O-GlcNAc modification of protein.Conclusion COS displayed a significant anti-inflammation effect through inhibiting IL-6 and IL-8 expression induced by TNF-α in EA.hy926 cells,which suggested that COS might have promising therapeutic potential against vascular diseases.


This paper presents the results of determination of the ac–dc voltage transfer difference of two calculable thermal ac voltage standards, developed at the Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland, in 1–30 MHz frequency range. Two experimental methods confirmed with high accuracy the results obtained from the mathematical model.


ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to analyze in depth the implementation of SN DIKTI in the aspects of education and learning. The analysis is carried out through program evaluation starting from Context, Input, Process, Product, and Outcome. The type of research is Evaluation Research which is carried out in the National STKIP environment. The results of the research are (1) Study Program requires lecturers to prepare teaching materials based on KKNI; (2) the development of science and technology (Science and Technology) based on the results of research and service and provide enlightenment in fostering faith and piety (Imtaq); (3) the implementation of Reward and Punishman for lecturers implementing or violating any SOP that applies to study programs; (4) the study program implements a monitoring mechanism for student attendance, the presence of lecturers, and the suitability of the lecture material taught with the syllabus and RPS for each meeting based on the SOP for the lecture monitoring and evaluation mechanism and the results are followed up. It can be concluded that this alternative policy can be trusted and can be used as a guide in the development of National Education Standards at the National STKIP.


This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary vitamin E (DL-α-tocopherol acetate) on growth performance, amount of malondialdehyde in serum, serum vitamin E level, haematological and biochemical metabolites of Mahali goat kids. Twenty four male kids weighing 10-15 kg were randomly allocated to one of four groups to receive four different treatments of vitamin E. Group one (control, C), 2 group received 300IU vitamin E (300 E), 3 group received 500IU vitamin E (500 E), and 1000IU vitamin E (1000 E) in the 4 group. The animals were housed in separated pens and fed concentrate with a barley hay diet. Blood samples were weekly collected through the jugular vein for haematological and biochemical analysis. The evaluation of malondialdehyde and vitamin E content in serum was performed. The result revealed that vitamin E significantly increased red blood cells (RBC), Haemoglobin (HB), white blood cells (WBC), and differential white blood cells. Vitamin E significantly (p<0.001) increased level of vitamin E in serum, while, reduced total protein (TP), albumin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), high density lipoproteins (HDL), cholesterol, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of vitamin E may effectively improved haematological, biochemical parameters, serum α-tocopherol content as well as malondialdehyde of Mahali goat kids.


Time-dependent changes in the three-dimensional structure of the cardiac myocyte during the contractile process, particularly with the development of cardiac disease, remain unexplored. Accordingly, the goals of the present study were twofold: first, to-develop and validate a computer assisted high speed image processing (CAHSIP) system in order to directly quantitate dynamic properties of isolated cardiac myocyte geometry during contraction, and second, to use the CAHSIP system in order to determine the spatial characteristics of the myocyte contractile process in normal myocytes and following the development of dilated cardiomyopathy. A highly linear and significant relationship was observed between the CAHSIP system and conventional edge detection methods (r/sup 2/>0.92; p<0.01). Using the CAHSIP system, it was found that dynamic changes in myocyte width and profile surface area were uniquely altered with the development of cardiomyopathic disease. With the development of dilated cardiomyopathy, a 33% increase in myocyte resting area occurred, with no difference in the rate of area change with contraction compared to control. Therefore, the present study developed a system by which unique insights into the dynamic properties of the myocyte contractile process can be explored.


Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a rare congenital heart disease which challenges most screening sonographers. The current study aims to summarize the two‐dimensional (2D) and four‐dimensional (4D) sonographic features in the fetal diagnosis.


We consider the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equations of derivative type with small initial data. We present a structural condition on the nonlinear terms under which the corresponding Cauchy problem has a dissipative nature.


(Here will appear an introductory section dealing with the authority which the Association has for dealing with this question and the, way in cwhich it has secured the approval of the profession for the views submitted.) The following sections of this Memorandum are not selfcoistained and must be read in connection with each other. 1. The subject of this Memorandum is the organisation of a national scheme of health insurance so far as medical services are concerned and the relationship of such a scheme to other services concerned with public health.


Resonant equivalent static wind load is usually described as the inertial force.Holmes proposed an equation for equivalent static wind loads of structures with multi-modes recently.But this method can't take modal coupling effects into account in the resonant response component.To overcome the shortcoming of this method,an approximate variance solution for resonant responses is derived,which leads to a modified SRSS method.Then the roof structure of Shanghai South Railway Station is taken as an example to show the accuracy of the method.The modified SRSS method considering modal coupling effects presented here lays the foundation for the equivalent static wind load of large-span roof structures.


This study was to investigate the dry bond strengths of the plywoods manufactured with 3 hours ozonized soybean oil (SBO)/polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) adhesive at mid and high curing temperature. In results of the dry bonding strengths of the 3 hrs-ozonized SBO mixed with pMDI at high curing temperature were respectively the strengths of weight ratio of 3hrs-ozonized SBO : pMDI, 1 : 0.5, 4.74 kgf/, 1 : 0.75, 7.14 kgf/ 1 : 1, 9.29 kgf/, 1 : 2, 16.53 kgf/, 1 : 3, 17.42 kgf/, and 1 : 4, 16.75 kgf/. Therefore, it was found that the equivalent ratio was formed approximately between 3 hrs-ozonized SBO : pMDI 1 : 2 and 1 : 3. The dry bonding strengths of the 3hrs-ozonized SBO mixed with pMDI at medium curing temperature were respectively the strengths of weight ratio of 3 hrs-ozonized SBO : pMDI, 1 : 0.5, 3.16 kgf/, 1 : 0.75, 6.13 kgf/ 1 : 1, 8.18 kgf/, 1 : 2, 11.82 kgf/. In this experiment the higher bonding strength at high curing temperature was shown approximately between 3 hrs-ozonized SBO : pMDI 1 : 2 and 1 : 3. If this wood adhesive is used at high curing temperature, it is possibile to bond the plywoods.


Summary This study compared the perception of locus of control of 150 adult males from two different ethnic populations, Cuban-American and Anglo-American, assigned to three different groups. Rotter's I-E scale was administered to all Ss and analyzed in terms of age and cultural background according to Mirels' Factors I and II items. No significant differences were found between the scores of the two Cuban-American groups combined and the Anglo-American group on items loading high on Factors I and II. However, when the older Cuban-American group was compared against the two groups of younger Ss of both cultural backgrounds, these two latter groups scored significantly higher on externality than the older Cuban-American groups on Factor I and Factor II items of the I-E scale. A low but significant negative correlation was found between all Ss' ages and their total I-E scores. Results of this study appear to support previous findings suggesting that age, and not necessarily ethnicity, is a deciding factor o...


The boredom in learning reading in narrative text in SMP IT Insan Cendekia impacts to the students' low reading score. This research is aimed at knowing the problem faced by the eighth grade students and the English teacher in the teaching and learning narrative text using their currents student's worksheet, and also to know how to develop effective students' worksheet of narrative text using Team Game Tournament. Research and Development (RnD) is used for students' worksheet development by involving the participation of the eighth grade students and their English teacher. Besides, questionnaire, interview guideline, observation and test were used to colect the data. The interview to the English teacher results the need to do student's worksheet development. The steps in developing Student's Worksheet of Narrative Text Using Team Game Tournament were followed by other steps after the preliminary research that were expert validation, try-out and revision. The result of expert validation for the prototype was good. The result of the try-out showed that the students' score mean improved 10.26 from 60.12 to 70.38. Therefore, it can be concluded that the student's worksheet prototype is good to use. In addition, the future researchers should conduct the better research and development of student's worksheet to improve Junior High School students' reading comprehension


I hereby declare that the research work embodied in this Ph.D. thesis titled "Assisted Reproductive Technology in India: A Critical Legal Study" has been carried out by me under the supervision of Dr. Pradeep Kumar and cosupervision of Dr. Anis Ahmad. This research work is an original work and it has not been previously submitted in part or full for any other degree or diploma in this university or any other university.


Miscellaneous note: Kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy) and camboge (Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Rob.), widely distributed in the Western Ghats remained neglected even though they are highly valued in South Indian cuisine and in traditional systems of medicine. Recently Garcinia has excited the scientific community for the indication that the fruit rind is the richest natural source of hydroxy citric acid, a potential anti obesity agent (Heymsfield et al. 1998; Muthulakshmi & Sarah 1999). The present paper deals with development of tissue culture protocols for multiplication of kokum and camboge.


A semiconductor logic device comprising comparison logic having a plurality of comparison logic elements in which each comparison logic element is configured either to test an input signal for a first signal state or configured to test an input signal for a second signal state complementary to the first signal state, each comparison logic element of one for all Comparative logic elements of the same arrangement of standard cells is constructed, which are connected within the Vergleichlogikelementes via a Leitbahnstruktur, and wherein those comparison logic elements, which are adapted to test an input signal to the first signal state, have a Leitbahnstruktur and of those comparison logic elements, which are formed To test input signal to the second signal state, only by spatial arrangement of at least one dummy vias within the respective interconnect structure differ, the Sc Hein-Via differs from a via in that, in contrast to the via, it is nonconductive in that its backfill has an insulator layer in addition to a via metal.


Early emergence and stand establishment of maize (Zea mays L.) are considered to be the most important yield-contributing factors. The influence of seed vigor on these factors is vital. Therefore, five laboratory tests and field experiment were conducted on basis of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications in 2011, to evaluate the correlation among the seed vigor tests and field emergence of two maize hybrids (SC704 and SC500). In laboratory tests, differences between two hybrids for cold test and electrical conductivity test were significant (P≤0.01). The leachates of hybrid SC500 was 35% higher than the leachates of hybrid SC704. However, high germination percentage was obtained by hybrid SC740 in cold test. A Statistically significant difference was found between hybrids in field emergence percentage (P≤0.05). The field emergence of hybrid SC704 and hybrid SC500 was 71% and 37%, respectively. The farm emergence percentage had the significant negative correlation (-0.71) with conductivity test, but positive correlation (0.79) with cold test. No significant correlation between the standard seed germination and the field emergence was detected. Therefore, the standard germination test was not a good indicator for field emergence percentage. However, cold and conductivity tests were the best predictor of field emergence than all the other laboratory tests.


Based on a quantitative analysis to the basic structure,main kinds,power and coverage as well as the overall distribution of China's environmental administrative penalty system before and after the revision of Amendment of Environmental Protection Law,we found a focus transfer of the contemporary China administrative law system. In article 59 of the revised Amendment of Environmental Protection Law,daily penalty is obviously more severe than the traditional form of punishment,which leads to higher administrative and judicial enforcement risks of the law. The cautious behavior of environment utilizers and judicial enforcement personnel should accordingly be strengthened. Based on this social background,compared with the inefficient enforcement of the previous environmental administrative law,this transfer has reignited discretionary justice problems once prominent in the administrative laws of western countries. Meanwhile,the importance of setting up a environmental administrative discretion standard is highlighted,with practical rationality at the core.


Heir of serials, the Telenovela is nothing more than an electronic version of this literary genre that emerged in the nineteenth century to meet the demand of the people for entertainment, for the first time in history, had earned the right to leisure. As we can see, the story of the serial is intimately linked to the history of leisure, a phenomenon of the modern era that emerged from the French Revolution and intensified with the Industrial Revolution. While mass culture, the success of the Brazilian Telenovela is related to the proximity of the receiver and the everyday "common language". It is noticed that, in general, the scripts can talk to all layers of society, not favoring one or the other. This quality also finds himself tied to "Brazilianization" of plots in Brazilian Telenovelas, especially from the 1970s and 1980, when they win the "most profitable product status of the Brazilian cultural industry." Thus, the aim of this paper is to reflect on the role of the telenovela in the Brazilian context, relating it to mass culture and wide acceptance by the public receptor. Therefore, revisits the main concepts of mass culture crafted by Umberto Eco in Apocalyptic and Integrated (2004), and Alfredo Bosi in Dialectics of Colonization (1992), among others, in search of possible approaches to this type of narrative television. For the suitability to the concepts proposed, adopted as the methodology literature. As results, the theoretical allowed the rescue of the importance of this artistic manifestation in the cultural scene reinforcing their contribution in shaping the current Brazilian society. Keywords : Brazilian soap opera, popular culture; subject; spectator.


Cross was made between addition line Z6 and wheat cultivar Shan 7859, and the immature embryos were cultured and the regenerated plants were induced to introgress the BYDV-resistant gene from Z6 to wheat. The resistance of regenerated plant offsprings were tested and the agronomic characters were selected. The chromosome behavior of the pollen mother cells in meiosis of some resistant plants was observed.The results showed as follows : (1) There were variations on chromosome number and structure in different plants in SC2 (2) The chromosome number might be the same,but the constitution of chromosome and the chromosome behavior in meiosis might be different in different plants from a regenerated plant. Resulting the resistance and agronomic characters showed difference in their offsprings; (3) The genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique was used to detect alian segment in regenerate plant offspring and the wheat- Thinopyrom intermedium translocation plant with BYDV resistance, good fertility and maturity were obtained.


Climatic design conditions are widely used by the building community as environmental parameters informing the size and energy requirements for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, along with other building design characteristics. Climatic design conditions are calculated by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers using historical climate data. Our work advances methods for projecting future climate design conditions based on data from global climate models. These models do not typically archive the hourly data required for climate design condition calculations, and they often exhibit large biases in extreme conditions, daily minimum temperatures and daily maximum temperatures needed for climatic design conditions. We present a method for rescaling historical hourly data under future climatic states to estimate the impact of climate change on future building climatic design conditions. This rescaling method is then used to calculate future climatic design conditions in Madison, Wisconsin, throughout the 21st century for two future greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. The results are consistent with a warming climate and show increases in heating, cooling, humidification and dehumidification design conditions, suggesting less extreme cold conditions and more extreme hot and humid conditions in Madison. The design conditions used for estimating energy demand, degree days, show that under a business-as-usual scenario, by the mid-century, building heating and cooling in Madison (climate zone 5A) will be similar to the current heating demand in Chicago, IL (climate zone 5A) and cooling demand in Baltimore, MD (climate zone 4A); by the late-century, building heating and cooling in Madison will resemble the current heating demand in St Louis, MO (climate zone 4A) and cooling demand in Augusta, GA (climate zone 3A). Given the rapid pace of climate change in the 21st century, our work suggests that historical design conditions may become obsolete during even the initial stages of a building's expected life span. Changes in climatic design conditions in Madison highlight the importance of considering future climatic changes in building design to ensure that buildings built today meet the performance needs of the future.


A simple, selective, precise densitometric HPTLC method for analysis of 6-Gingerol both in chloroform extract of Zingiber officinalis and in laxiwin formulation has been developed and validated. The method employed HPTLC aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60F-254 as the stationary phase. The phytoconstituent, 6-Gingerol was separated with mobile phase toluene: ethyl acetate (7:3 %, v/v). A compact band was obtained for 6-gingerol at R F 0.33±0.02. Densitometric analysis of 6-gingerol was carried out in the absorbance mode at 254 nm. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r 2 = 0.9981 with respect to peak area in the concentration range 150–900 ng per spot. The mean value of slope and intercept were 4.103 and 398.6 with respect to peak area. The method was validated for precision, recovery and robustness. The limits of detection and quantitation were 24.13 and 63.83 ng per spot, respectively. This novel Statistical analysis proves that the method is repeatable and selective for the analysis of 6-Gingerol in extract and in pharmaceutical formulations.


Introduction Cooperative learning activities are frequently employed in different parts of the world in order to enable active learning and realize learning as a social activity. The reason lying behind the frequent use of it is that traditional approaches in teaching and learning do not give ample opportunities for students to improve simultaneously in different aspects such as knowledge, skill, attitude and so on (Johnson & Johnson, 1999; Kagan, 1990). Cooperative learning is an educational process in which speaking, listening, writing, and reflection--as crucial tools of active learning--take place. In this process, students are asked to use their social skills and to cooperate with peers, which, in the long run, contribute to the development of their cognitive and affective learning outcomes (Johnson & Johnson, 1991). Social interaction indeed meets various kinds of interests of students and enables them to use their mental abilities in having critical decisions concerning themselves (Acikgoz, 1992; Kagan, 1990). Students study together in a small group through an organized activity in cooperative learning. Each individual in a group bears his or her individual responsibilities while carrying out other responsibilities toward group members. In a cooperative learning setting, the groups are formed in such a way that each member of a group should perform his or her task for the purpose that the group will achieve (Acikgoz, 1992). In other words, the achievement of the group depends on that of each member. The students learn how to work in cooperation via face-to-face and group activities. The assignment of the students to groups and the construction of tasks are not the only necessary provisions to practice cooperative learning. In order for the cooperative learning to be effective, it is vital that the students properly understand what is expected from them and how they will interact with each other (Johnson & Johnson, 1990). Aftermath of the cooperative learning activity, the performance of the group is evaluated as a whole (Acikgoz, 1992; Kagan, 1990). In cooperative learning, the gains and benefits for students are multi-dimensional. It is highly likely that the students improve interpersonal skills in cooperative settings and that the low-achievers build up better self-esteem within a setting in which responsibilities are shared (Joyce, Weil, & Showers, 1992). What is more, it is known that cooperative learning is effective in developing students' upper level mental abilities, communicative skills, achievement, retention, recall, transfer, motivation, and attitude; also, it is more preferable inasmuch as it is inexpensive and practical (Acikgoz, 1992; Johnson & Johnson, 1999; Kagan, 1990). It is also revealed in the previous studies that the cooperative learning enhances students' self-esteem (Box & Little, 2003), motivation (Johnson & Johnson, 1999), social development (Gillies, 2004; Jordan & Le Metaias, 1997), and abilities to express their thoughts (Shachar & Sharan, 1994). The studies investigating the effects of cooperative learning (e.g., Bilgin, 2006; Bilgin & Geban, 2004; Jones, 1990; Lazarowitz, 1991; Slavin, 1995; Smith, Hinckley & Volt, 1991; Wachanga & Mwangi, 2004; Zacharia & Barton, 2004) indicate that students who are working together in small groups learn better, retain more information, and build up better relationships with classmates and group mates. As reported by Herreid (1998), Johnson and Johnson made a meta-analysis of more than 1200 studies evaluating the differences between the performances of students who learn via traditional methods and cooperative learning activities. As a result of their study, it is concluded that the students who learn via cooperative learning are better at verbal, mathematical and social skills than those who learn via individual and competitive learning methods. It is further indicated that students gain more experience, improve better attitudes toward the subject matter, develop their social skills, and learn to respect different points of views. …


Purpose – The study seeks to investigate factors that affect the adoption and use of open access in Tanzanian health sciences universities. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a cross-sectional questionnaire survey, 415 faculty members were selected through a stratified random sampling from a population of 679 in all eight health sciences universities in Tanzania. The response rate was 71.1 per cent. Findings – Based on the social exchange theory (SET), and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the study developed a model suitable for assessing open access adoption and usage in academic institutions. The study found that facilitating conditions, extrinsic benefits (professional recognition), behavioural intention and individual characteristics (professional rank, technical skills and number of publications) predicted actual usage of open access. Other factors related to contextual factors (attitude, and open access culture), and extrinsic benefits (academic reward, accessibili...


This paper focuses on the amphibian and reptile species occurring in the Majella National Park, a mountain habitat of the central Apennines, in the framework of a project aimed at the protection of the most representative habitats and species of the Italian peninsula. Previous knowledge on the herpetofauna occurring in the area was incomplete and scattered in several papers. We collected all past and current available literature and, between 1995 and 2002, carried out field surveys on an area of about 80.000 hectares, to gather all possible information and to provide for the first time a comprehensive annotated checklist of the species with data on their ecology and distribution. All faunal records were inserted on a database, in order to realise a tool to be used for future works and to allow future conservation actions. Information on conservation status of each species was also collected and discussed. In total, we confirmed the occurrence of 13 amphibians (5 Caudata, 8 Anura) and 18 reptiles (2 Testudines, 7 Sauria, 9 Serpentes). They represent almost 80% and 100% respectively of the overall amphibian and reptile species occurring in the Central Apennines. The high diversity of species remarks the high biogeographic and conservation value of the area.


Based on the summary of the basic condition and the new trends of rape industry in Hunan Province in 2012,the reasons and the existing problems of Hunan rape industry were analyzed.The corresponding measures and suggestions were put forward.The development trend of Hunan rape industry in 2013 was forecasted.


Abstract John Henry Newman's thoughts about education extend far beyond that philosophy of university education which is developed in his famous Idea of a University. He was acutely aware that the relationship between teachers and learners is fundamentally a social relationship, and one that can take various social forms. What he most admired was a highly personal and deeply sympathetic relationship, and what he most feared was its replacement by impersonal institutional structures. His convictions in this regard have deep roots in his personal experience, as well as in his interpretation of history and theology. To examine those roots both enlarges one's appreciation of Newman's educational wisdom and sharpens one's insight into his complex personality.


We report here the highly stable niosomes (non-ionic vesicles) from 1:1 Tween-80/Triton X-100 mixed surfactants in presence of n-octanol as an organic additive. Niosomes of nanometer dimensions resulted at a total surfactant concentration ranging from 0.1 1 wt%. The critical concentration of the additive, n-octanol used to form niosomes was found to be 15 mM. The unilamellar vesicles thus formed had a mean diameter of ~100 nm for 0.1 wt% and ~300 nm for 1 wt% concentration. Phase evolution in the mixed 1:1 Tween-80/Triton X-100 surfactant system was unraveled upon investigating the morphology, based on microscopic and dynamic light scattering investigations. The formed vesicles are envisaged as probable potential drug carriers.


This study examines the validity of the Juror Bias Scale scores in relation to the mock juror decisions reached in two real life homicide cases before and after the deliberation process. The judicial cases used varied in terms of the ambiguity of the evidence presented at both trials. The WLS methodology for statistical modelling of categorical data was used to analyse data. The findings indicated that the Juror Bias Scale scores successfully predict the verdicts and other related questions before and after deliberations in the case with ambiguous evidence. Furthermore, deliberations caused a generalisation effect on the pretrial juror bias in such a case, and enhanced the differences between defense-biased and prosecution-biased jurors in the verdicts delivered after deliberations. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the use of pretrial juror bias questionnaires in jury selection.


We will argue that philosophical disagreement gives us good reasons to be skeptical about philosophical knowledge. First, we will present the case of PHILOSOPHERS to produce a skeptical verdict when it comes to philosophical disagreements. Then, we will discuss the symmetry and centrality conditions to clarify why PHILOSOPHERS yields a skeptical verdict. Both conditions make philosophical disagreement an undefeated defeater for our philosophical beliefs. Second, we will discuss the Equal Weight (EW) as the view that requires parties to a disagreement to suspend judgment if parties comply with the symmetry and centrality conditions. Finally, we will discuss Kelly's (2016) arguments against the skeptical outcomes of EW when applied to philosophical disagreement. We conclude that Kelly's defense fails to defuse the skeptical outcomes of EW applied to philosophical disagreement.


Introduction: The main objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between dysfunctional attitude, spiritual intelligence and their effect on mental health in students of Systan and Baluchestan University in 2009-2010. Materials and Methods: Our sample was included of 370 students (108 males and 255 females) which were assessed with the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory-24 (SISRI-24), Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The data have been analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results: There are significant positive correlations between SISRI-24 scores and GHQ scores (P<0.01) and significant negative correlations between DAS scores and GHQ scores and between DAS scores and SISRI-24 scores (P<0.01). Based on the regression analysis, both spiritual intelligence and dysfunctional attitudes scores could predict students' mental health. Conclusion: Students' spiritual intelligence and dysfunctional attitudes correlate with their mental health.


It introduces the applicative situation of pounding pressing in foundation of wet bog yellow soil,discusses mechanism of pounding pressing,constructing technology of pounding pressing and effective analysis of pounding pressing,and propounds several rational suggestions.


The purpose of developing the experiment system of intelligent instrument is introduced,meanwhile,the method of building an experiment system of intelligent instruments by micro-controller is described,the hardware and software design diagrams,and experiments such as intelligent voltage meter,intelligent cymometer,etc. are provided. This system can meet the demands of the course of intelligent instrument preferably and its corresponding hardware circuit can be extended and more experiments can be developed to satisfy different teaching requirements based on this system's hardware platform.


The article describes the theoretical concept underlying the analysis of the semantic field «change» regarding the Russian world language picture.


Recent results from PAMELA and ATIC hint that (TeV) dark matter (DM) is annihilating, in our galactic neighborhood, mainly to leptons. The present annihilation rate is larger than at freeze-out, possibly due to a low-velocity enhancement. In this case the rate of neutrino emission from the Earth, due to DM annihilation, may be greatly enhanced while the rate from the Sun is unaltered. Neutrino telescopes may see these earthborn neutrinos. Combining with the data from direct detection experiments will yield valuable information about the DM sector.


This index presents a list sources that have been cited in the book Jewish Historiography and Iconography in Early and Medieval Christianity. The sources are divided into various categories such as Hebrew Bible, ancient Jewish writings, early Christian writings and Rabbinic literature. According to the author, it is necessary to collect the Christian illustrations and other works of art which relate to Jewish literature and history of the Second Temple period. This would include not only the heroine Judith, but especially Christian art inspired by First and Second Maccabees.Keywords: Christian illustrations; Jewish literature; Second Temple period


Ligand-stabilized metal atoms provide a unique entry to the synthesis of magnetic nanosized metal/metal oxide particles. When this technique is used in connection with a mesoporous template, formation of superparamagnetic particles in the pores of the template via a "ship-in-the-bottle" technique is possible. This chimie douce approach works also for pure metal oxides, such as TiO2. The Figure shows a sculpture found at the Trinity College campus, Dublin, Ireland representing a typical core/shell arrangement often found for composite nanoparticles.


While the importance of requirements formalization has often been highlighted, the way to support this activity in industrial context has not been sufficiently addressed in current research. Since a major determinant of the quality of software systems is the quality of their requirements, these must be both understandable and precise. Natural language, the most commonly used for writing requirements, helps understandability, but lacks precision. To achieve precision, researchers have for many years advocated the use of formal approaches to writing requirements. Many requirements methods and notations are available as a result of these efforts and they vary considerably in their style, scope and applicability. Despite of this, industrial application is still limited. The workshop aims at raising fundamental questions, including how remote the current state of the technology is from potential widespread industrial usage of formal methods. The objective is also to focus on existing methods that do have industrial application and identify the reason of their success.


The purpose of this study was to identify the new professional jobs related to agricultural service in Korea. This study was conducted through extensive review of literature and several times of expert panels. The result of this study was as follows. 1) The new 23 professional jobs in Horticulture Service were identified. These were floral designer, floral coordinator, party planer, florist, green interior coordinator, aroma therapist, plant therapist, plant manager, plant hospital worker, environment manager, culture fluid system manager, flower auctioneer, horticultural consultant, and so on. 2) The new 12 professional jobs in Landscape Architecture were identified. These were landscape designer, landscape construction manager, indoor garden designer, golf course designer, tree surgeon, environment expounder, ecology restoration technician, landscape manager, landscape consultant, and so on. 3) The new 15 professional jobs in Animal Resource Science were identified. These were animal trainer, animal nurse, canine beautician, pet manager, experimental animal manager, racehorse trainer, animal sanitary/epidemic control manager, meat inspector, meat handling skilled worker, and so on.


Although it is evident that physiological ageing is accompanied by marked alterations in the function of innate immune cells, little is known regarding the underlying mechanism(s). Furthermore, the effect of age on many novel aspects of innate immunity is unknown. This thesis has identified the mechanism(s) behind the well-documented age-related decline in natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity (NKCC) and demonstrated for the first time that human ageing is accompanied by a significant reduction in the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).

Following target cell recognition, it was found that NK cells from older adults secreted into the immunological synapse (IS) significantly lower levels of perforin, a pore-forming protein that plays a non-redundant role in NKCC. This impairment led to reduced perforin binding to the target cell surface, an event that correlated strongly with NKCC. Underlying the reduction in perforin secretion was defective polarisation of lytic granules to the IS, which was associated with delayed activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2.

Whilst no age-related difference was observed in NET production triggered by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), neutrophils from older adults generated significantly fewer NETs when challenged with interleukin-8 or lipopolysaccharide, which was accompanied by a reduction in reactive oxygen species generation. As PMA activates cells independent of membrane receptors, aberrant intracellular signalling proximal to the neutrophil membrane may underlie the age-related impairment in NET production.


The author suggests that the Taoist concept of upholding nature is significant for modern tourism and the paper analyses the meaning of the concept to modern tourism in three aspects.


The cover image, by Katta M. Girisha et al., is based on the Original Article Additional three patients with smithmccort dysplasia due to novel rab33b mutations, DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38064.


The WTO's SCM Agreement contained a safe harbor for R&D subsidies from 1995 to 1999, but reclassified R&D subsidies as actionable since 2000. We theoretically analyze the basis for regulating R&D subsidies and empirically assess whether the SCM Agreement has had any impact on government's support for R&D subsidies. We modify and develop a Ricardian trade model in which R&D subsidies can be designed as a strategic policy instrument to bring mutual benefits or beggar-thyneighbor effects. We find that R&D subsidies targeting a specific and narrow range of goods entail beggar-thy-neighbor effects. Empirical evidence from Korea shows that the government/public sector tends to allocate R&D funds strategically and responds sharply to the new regulation environment imposed by the SCM Agreement.


Abstract Nearly one in five Americans is an unpaid family caregiver, and the need for family caregivers is projected to grow over the next several decades in the face of longer lifespans (AARP 2020). Yet the increasing centrality of family caregivers for providing care to an aging population highlights two knowledge gaps: first, the degree and experience of burden and stress caregivers manage around balancing care with other family and work responsibilities; and second, a lack of knowledge about the caregiver journey and the microtasks of care, including how caregivers leverage – or not – different tools, technologies and resources to support the care they provide. To develop a deeper understanding of these questions and others, the MIT AgeLab has built a research panel of over 1200 caregivers providing care to another adult family member. This symposium will present findings from the MIT AgeLab Caregiver Panel, including: 1) an examination of the extent to which family caregivers identify as such and how they feel about their roles; 2) how family caregivers experienced the COVID-19 pandemic both personally and around the care they provide; 3) caregivers' use of and attitudes toward technology to support the care they provide; and 4) what caregivers identify as their key unmet needs. The session will include a facilitated discussion around the intersection of COVID-19 with caregivers' technology use, experience of caregiving, and future needs, as well as to identify additional research questions and directions for future research with the MIT AgeLab Caregiver Panel.


In this thesis,we introduce a particular course that is a remote display system designed by μC/OS-Ⅱ and LPC2131 of ARM.we use the the wireless communication module GTM900 for receiving data and use Dot Matrix LCD MG12864 for display it.The system has an important role in the intelligent home.It can also connect other functional modules to realize the home security protection,remote meter reading,appliance controlling,family information service and other functions.It has broad application prospects.


This paper summarizes information collected on salmonids during the years 2006 to 2009 in Labrador. A portable fish counting fence was installed at English River in Northern Labrador, and at Southwest Brook (Paradise River), Muddy Bay Brook, and Sand Hill River, in southern Labrador. Total returns of small and large salmon are used to determine if conservation requirements were met at these four rivers. English River met conservation requirements for all four years. The conservation requirement was met in South West Brook from 2006 to 2008; however, in 2009 the conservation requirement met was the lowest of all its years of operation at 26 %. Muddy Bay Brook returns did not meet the conservation requirement in 2007 or 2009 which was the second lowest of all the years of operation at 46 %. Sand Hill River surpassed conservation requirements in 2006 and 2008, however, in 2007 and 2009, 89 % and 59 % of the conservation requirement was met. Smolt counts were conducted at Sand Hill River since 2007. Smolt counts decreased from 80,994 in 2007 to 59,400 in 2009. Smolt survival of 1SW salmon declined from 6 % in 2007 to 2.5 % in 2008 and increased to 3.7 % in 2009. The survival of MSW salmon from the 2007 smolt class was 1 % and it decreased to 0.05 % in 2008. In 2006-09 there were four subsistence fisheries harvesting salmonids in Labrador. One was a resident trout net fishery with a by-catch of four salmon. The other three fisheries for food, social, and ceremonial (FSC) purposes included the Nunatsiavut Government (formerly the Labrador Inuit Association) (NG), the Innu Nation and the Labrador Metis Nation (LMN). The average percentage for number of small and large salmon over the 4 year period is 74.2 % and 25.8 %, respectively. The average percentage of weight of small and large salmon for the four years is 59.2 % and 40.82 %, respectively. Charr and trout were also harvested with an average number of 8,352 charr, and 11,423 trout of the four years. The average weight of charr and trout was 12,051 kg and 9,915 kg, respectively. Recreational angling catch and effort data is available for Salmon Fishing Area (SFA) 1, 2, 14B. The catch per unit effort


PROBLEM
To assess the effects of mycobacteria and inflammatory cytokines on proliferation of endometrial stromal cells. An effect on endometrial stromal cell proliferation in vitro may suggest a similar effect on endometriotic cells in vivo.

METHOD OF STUDY
Primary cultures of endometrial stromal cells were grown from female volunteers. Proliferation of cells was assessed by cell counting and incorporation of tritiated thymidine after exposure to mycobacteria or inflammatory cytokines.

RESULTS
When assessed by cell counting, stromal cell growth was reduced following treatment with Connaught Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (BCG) and Pasteur BCG: Mycobacterium smegmatis demonstrated a cytotoxic effect. Addition of the cytokines interferon (IFN)-gamma or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha at high concentrations led to a reduction in cell growth by 24 hr in two of three cell lines. A reduction in proliferation was also found when assessed by tritiated thymidine incorporation, which was statistically significant for Connaught BCG and M. smegmatis.

CONCLUSIONS
Endometrial stromal cells are susceptible to the anti-proliferative effects of mycobacteria. The BCG and other mycobacteria are known immunomodulators in other disease conditions. Further work is required to assess whether these in vitro effects might translate into a useful therapy for endometriosis.


Abstract One representative species of each of the three photosynthetic pathways (C3, C4, CAM) were cultivated in growth chambers with high and low nitrogen nutrition level respectively once at 20°C day/13°C night temperature, once at 30°C day/13°C night. Leaf conductances and δ13C values of the leaves of each plant were determined. At 20°C day temperature the C3 species showed higher leaf conductance with low nitrogen nutrition level than with high nitrogen level, which is also reflected in a more negative δ13C value, whereas both C4 and CAM plants did not respond in this manner to nitrogen supply. An increase of day temperature to 30°C diminished the significant response of the C3 plant, while the response of C4 and CAM representatives to nitrogen nutrition did not change markedly.


To improve clinical predictability from therapeutic results of various antitnmor agents in human tumor/nude mouse models it seems to be important to use a dose pharmacokinetically equivalent to the clinical dose. Thus, we attempted to find the dose of a given drug that can reproduce in the nude mouse a plasma level similar to that seen in human patients treated with an effective dose of the drug based on comparative pharmacokinetic studies between man and nude mouse. As a result, those of 3 alkylating agents, mitomycin C, 3‐[(4‐amino‐2‐methyl‐5‐pyrimidinyl)methyl]‐l‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐l‐nitrosourea (ACNU) and cyclophosphamide, and those of 2 antimitotic agents, vincristine and vinblastine, were estimated to be one‐fourth or one‐fifth of their maximum tolerated doses (MTD's). On the other hand, in the case of adriamycin, its MTD was approxmately equivalent to its clinical dose pharmacokinetically. In contrast, clinically equivalent doses of 2 antimetabolites tested, 5‐fluorouracil and methotrexate, were significantly greater than their MTD's; i.e., their plasma levels did not reach the effective clinical ones even when their MTD's were administered to the nude mice. These results suggest that the antitumor effects of mostv antitumor agents are over‐ or underestimated in this model when MTD's are used as a therapeutic dose, and indicate that the use of clinically equivalent doses determined pharmacokinetically isdesirable.


The purpose of this study was to find out how the application of the librarian's code of ethics at the Medan City Library and Archives Service. This research method uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. In this study, there were 6 informants who worked in the library as librarians by using purposive sampling. The object of this research is the Medan City Library and Archives Service. The collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation studies. The analysis technique used in this research is data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of this study are that at the City Library and Archives Service the librarians have implemented the Librarian Code of Ethics from the basic attitudes of librarians and some librarian rules, Inhibiting and Supporting Factors from this research there are obstacles where there are some librarians who do not have a librarian background so that this becomes an inhibiting factor in implementing the Librarian Code of Ethics in which there are some librarians who do not participate in the Indonesian Librarians Association, while the supporting factors for the Implementation of the Librarian Code of Ethics with the management of librarians are able to apply because they understand well the existing rules.
Keywords: Librarian, Librarian Code of Ethics.


ABSTRACT Drawing on the video work of Thom Andersen and the film criticism of Manny Farber, this article argues that negative space in widescreen cinema constitutes a kind of optical unconscious whose urban content can be reactivated through a critical re-viewing of films that privileges location over narrative content. In a discussion of three French widescreen films of 1967, Jacques Tati's Playtime, Jean-Luc Godard's Two or Three Things I Know About Her and Jean-Pierre Melville's The Samurai, it further suggests that genre films with no avowed urbanistic content may provide insights into the city unavailable from a more explicitly sociological cinema.


This report details the cytologic features of primary localized amyloid tumor of the breast presenting as bilateral breast masses in a 72‐yr‐old woman. Clinically and radiographically, the masses simulated metastatic or multifocal carcinoma. Fine‐needle aspiration revealed irregular globules of acellular amorphous material and numerous multinucleated giant cells resembling granulomatous inflammation. Histology confirmed amyloid tumors with a foreign‐body giant cell reaction in response to amyloid and foci of osseous metaplasia. Subsequent clinical workup included a serum electrophoresis and immunofixation which showed a small IgG k monoclonal protein. Urine immunofixation was negative for Bence Jones protein. Bone marrow examination revealed no evidence of a plasma cell dyscrasia. To date the patient has not developed clinical or laboratory evidence of systemic amyloidosis or multiple myeloma. Amyloidosis involving the breast and specifically localized primary amyloid tumors of the breast are rare and infrequently reported entities. To our knowledge, osseous metaplasia within isolated primary amyloid tumors of the breast has not been reported. We present this unusual case to illustrate the intratumoral calcification patterns mimicking carcinoma and to characterize the cytologic features. Emphasis is placed on the inclusion of amyloidosis in the differential diagnosis of breast masses.


Abstract : This document establishes the technical data and drawing requirements to be submitted by the System Integration Associate Contractor for the WS-133A Minuteman Weapon System. For convenience, the requirements specified herein have been re lated to the applicable item or items of the definitive contract AF04(647)-289. (Author)


The equilibrium composition of a mixture of reacting molecules is essential to many physical and chemical systems, ranging from physiology to chemical plant design. The computation of chemical equilibrium is thought to be challenging, and, as such, only simple ideal cases are introduced in textbooks. Although there exists a substantial body of literature on chemical equilibrium, the convex nature of the problem is seldom emphasized. We show that the computation of chemical equilibrium in closed systems can in general be formulated as a convex optimization problem, leading to an elegant conceptual framework, as well as efficient numerical solutions. This formulation provides a natural generalization of a number of important topics in physical chemistry and thermal physics.


According to the date of Wuxing in Huzhou city,the content and accumulation of pro inon,pro copper,lithophile and major elements in urban dust was analysed,and investigated the relationship between these elements and background.The result show that the element of urban dust in Huzhou have quite different,but consistent with the soil background;the same element are in the same grade of enrichment on different urban functional areas,and different elements show significant differences in cumulative.Functional areas have a good correlation with soil background,the degree of association is cultural district,industrial zone,neighborhood,tourist area,business district.Finally,regardless of whether a significant human activity,soil has always been an important source of element in urban dust.


Chongqing′s economy experienced fast development in 90′s twentieth century. During the period, the economic interflow and cooperation with other countries had been increased, and the foreign trade and investment had stronger promoting effect on the growth of chongqing′s economy. The paper indicates that the import of chongqing have no notable influence on chongqing′s real capital GDP, neither the export . Other great influence can also be observed by Actually Utilized foreign capital and foreign direct investment.


At first glance, Michael Sanera's warnings about teachers using the classroom to promote their ideologically driven interpretations of environmental problems seems well grounded. His criticisms are based on the widely shared view that all sides of an argument (or scientific debate) should be presented, that students should be allowed to make up their own minds after critically assessing the evidence, and that students should learn to balance scientifically based proposals against economic consequences. These concerns appear reasonable enough. Indeed, who would criticize his argument that environmental education should not be framed in apocalyptic terms? ...


Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma is a precious traditional Chinese medicine and has extensive pharmacological effects, such as anti-hypoxic, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, lowing blood sugar, heart and brain protection. It has been applied to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, nervous diseases, respiratory diseases, endocrine diseases, fracture problems, emotional stress, and skin diseases. The present review summarized the literature about its clinical use, which would provide a reference for further utilization.

Key words:
Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma; Anti-fatigue drugs (TCD); Cardiovascular drugs (TCD); Antineoplastic drugs (TCD); Antidepressive Agents (TCD); Alzheimer disease; Parkinson disease; Review


Since ∧ operator is too strong ,it loses much information when max-∧ composition is performed, so cluster is rough. Sometimes, the result of partition is very bad, even the cluster can't be processed. The ⊙ operator is studied which is softer than ∧ operator, A max-⊙ composition and an algorithm based on the max-⊙ transitivity are proposed. Because the max-⊙ transitivity is softer, less information is lost when using it. So using max-⊙ cluster technique can obtain better results and overcome the disadvantage of max-min cluster method: roughness. The example verifies all these.


A solar concentrator (10) comprising elongate lenses (12) associated with respective elongate light collectors (14) such that the focal line of the lenses (12) are coincident with the respective light collector (14). The light collector (14) comprises a transparent elongate body (16) having an optically active core (20) running longitudinally of the body, the focal line of the respective lens being arranged to be coincident with the optically active core. The core (20) comprises optically active particles that absorb incident light and emit it as secondary radiation. The secondary radiation is directed along the body (16) of the light collector (14) and is converted into electrical power by photovoltaic cells (28) located at each end of the body. The solar concentrator (10) is particularly suited for use as a window blind.


We have obtained high-efficiency solar cells using 15.6 cm x 15.6 cm size wafers cut from small Si multicrystalline ingots with 30 cmØ and the height of 7.5 cm, as well as those using 10 cm x 10 cm size wafers [1]. The ingots were grown by controlling the distribution and orientation of dendrite crystals grown along the bottom of the ingots, using the dendritic casting method. The conversion efficiency η of solar cells using the Si wafers was around 17.7 %, and the conversion efficiency was kept high and constant even in a large part (60% for more than η=17% and 80% for more than η=16%) of the small ingot. Therefore, we have made a plan to design and manufacture a large-scale equipment for industrial applications because much high efficiency and high yield can be expected using the large-scale equipment.


containing different chalcogens are supposed to be the nonlinear media. FBGs can be fabricated by the exposing photosensitive optical fiber with intensive ultraviolet light. It causes the variations of the refractive index along the FBG length L periodically (Fig. 1). In this paper uniform and apodized nonlinear chalcogenide glass fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) as novel and promising devices for all-optical switching are investigated. The transmission response of these devices is discussed theoretically. The continuous wave in the investigated FBGs induces the nonlinear variation of the refractive index that causes changes in the FBG transmission characteristics. This effect can be modified depending on incident light power what is assumed to be due to the optical Kerr effect responsible for optical switching. The incident intensity thresholds of the bistable regimes were analyzed numerically to deduce possible switching properties of FBGs based on various chalcogenide glass samples. The influence of grating parameters on the optical bistability behaviour is researched. The nonlinear coupled mode theory was used for numerical investigation.


This paper presents the econometric analysis of the heterogenous effects of monetary policy on industrial output and producer prices in manufacturing sector in Russia. The estimation of the differences in the impulce responses to the interest rate shock is conducted using structural VAR-models, the analysis of key industrial characteristics, explaining differences through monetary transmission channes, is based on principal components and correlations. Our findings reveal the strongest response to monetary policy in such industries as manufacture of rubber and plastic products, manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, manufacture of pulp and paper, manufacture of machinery nd equipment, manufacture of electrical, electronic and optical equipment and manufacture of motor vehicles and equipment. Besides, in these industries the response is usually deffered to 2–3 months after the shock. Our findings also show that the impact of monetary shocks on output is particulary strong in industries producing capital goods and supplies for construction but particularly weak in industries with high concentration and high profits. That means that differences in industrial responses to monetary policy can be described by two key channels of monetary transmission — interest rate channel (due to high demand sensitivity to interest rate changes) and bank lending channel (due to important role of bank loans in fi rms' financing).


Contents: Introduction: The Regulation of Franchising in the New Global Economy 1. Reconceiving Regulation 2. The Market Interaction as Private Regulation 3. The Contract as Private Regulation 4. Purpose and Scope of Franchise-Specific Regulation and the Unidroit Model Law 5. Worldwide Survey of Franchise-Specific Regulation 6. Summary of Trends in Franchise-Specific Legislation 7. Legislation Impacting Upon Negotiation and Formation of Franchise Contracts 8. Legislation Impacting Upon the Performance of and Exit from the Agreement 9. Future Directions for the Regulation of Franchising Appendix: Franchise Legislation Worldwide Appendix: Content of Disclosure


I would also have liked to have seen excerpts from some anaphoras (e.g. those of Basil and John Chrysostom); they are referenced but not quoted. A short introduction containing dates, country of origin and other background information precedes each author or major selection. Relevant secondary literature (in a variety of languages) found in books and periodicals is indicated. The extensive bibliographies also include critical editions, translations, and the appropriate references to standard encyclopaedias and manuals. Brief but pertinent footnotes add much valuable information, in particular on biblical sources for liturgical texts. Johnson's bibliographies frequently include entries from the past century and a half. This is a welcome bonus for those who want to examine how the conclusions from scholars working on these early Christian documents developed over the years. Inevitably a few errata (mostly typos?) have crept in: e.g. Pope Cornelius was elected bishop of Rome in 251 and not 281 (Vol. 1, p. 215); Smulders and not Smulderg (Vol. 2, p. 89). There are problems about calling Clement 'the fourth bishop of Rome' (Vol. 1, p. 41) and saying that Justin Martyr used 'Aristotelian categories' (Vol. 1, p. 65). The summary of Irenaeus' achievements (Vol. 1, p. 70) should have indicated his battle (against the Marcionites) to include the inspired books of the Old Testament and (against the Gnostics) to exclude new 'scriptures' that came from 'special revelations'. Ambrose of Milan is remembered as having 'played a part' in the conversion of Augustine (Vol. 2, p. 12). Volume 3, however, rightly recalls more specifically that Ambrose instructed and baptized Augustine and his son Adeodatus during the Easter Vigil of 387 (p. 2). This volume refers to the so-called 'Gelasian Sacramentary' (p. 152), but does not mention that it contains (in its more or less traditional form) the Roman Canon of the Mass. Johnson has provided a rich treasure of source material for those who study and teach courses on early Christian worship. His anthology will also be of great benefit to those involved with historical and doctrinal theology.


When a rear-end collision accident happened in the highway,the neck of the occupant who sit at the front of the car will be hurt possibly.The main characteristic of the motion and the hurt appearance about the neck which is called "whiplash effect" were learned.The process of the car rear-end collision was simulated using the technology of the three-dimensional finite element dynamic simulation.The contrast of the result between simulation and experiment indicate that the feature parameters are consistent generally.The motion and the hurt appearance of the dummy's neck sitting at the front of the car in the rear-end collision traffic accident were analyzed through the simulate result and the safety was evaluated.The result show that the maximal moment of proneness and retroversion are all within the safety scale of evaluate criterion but close to critical.This research result can be used in the regions such as car safety design,safety establishment collocation and traffic safety management,and so on.


A 2-polarization multiband antenna was theoretically designed and evaluated. The result is an triple-resonant behavior with 49% bandwidth. The radiation patterns and cross-polar performance suffer at the high end frequencies.


After more than fifteen years of military quiescence and incremental accommodation, the China-Taiwan relationship is once again seriously perturbed. In the view of numerous observers, China's renewed military exercises of 1995 and 1996 are the precursor of a far larger political-military confrontation, including the prospect of direct military hostilities between the mainland and Taiwan. The implications ? for the internal politics and economic development of China and Taiwan, for Taiwan's ties with the United States, for the future of Sino-American relations, and for longer-term stability and security in the West Pacific ? could prove lasting and profound. With the stakes so high, understanding the meaning and potential consequences of recent events becomes essential. In the lead contribution to this symposium, Andrew Nathan presents a foreboding assessment. In Nathan's view, China's military exercises in and near the Taiwan Strait are the opening salvos in a campaign to compel Taiwan's leaders to move irrevocably toward accommodation with Beijing, thereby enabling the CCP to achieve its long-sought domination over the island. Although Nathan does not assert that this domination must extend to direct physical control, this may be a distinction without a difference. Nathan argues that the Chinese leadership is no longer prepared to tolerate the status quo and that, given democratization on Taiwan, the CCP does not have any realistic option to let matters rest. In his assessment, the leaders in Beijing will now settle for nothing less than unequivocal control (namely, veto power) over Taipei's future foreign policy actions and directions, lest Taiwan at a future date align with an external power, thereby again serving as a base from which foreign forces could threaten China. All of China's actions, Nathan contends, are subordinated to this central reactive goal. There is much to commend in Nathan's analysis. It is vigorously argued and captures some of the principal views put forward by strategic and foreign policy circles in Beijing. Its strength, however, is also its weakness. In the effort to characterize the essence of Chinese strategy, Nathan pays little heed to the more complex policy dynamics at work in all three corners of the Beijing-Taipei-Washington triangle. Amidst the noise and emotion expended over the past year, especially by officials in Beijing who feel humiliated by