The influence of the processing parameters on sputtering yield is analyzed and the model of the yield is established.The model includes different processing parameters and can be applied conveniently.The calculation results for Ti target show that the theoritical and experimental data fit well.


PURPOSE: A three-axis simulator for rocket stance control simulation is provided to control the stance of the rocket by using a rocket stance control simulation method. CONSTITUTION: A three-axis simulator for rocket stance control simulation includes an air bearing system, a first and a second shaft, a first supporter, a second supporter, a third supporter, a fourth supporter, a first and a second thruster fixing unit, a plurality of sliding balance brackets, a first and a second thruster, and a balancing cylinder. The air bearing system(10) is formed with a rotary member. The first and the second shafts(21,22) are installed at a left side and a right side of an air-bearing ball of the air bearing system. The second supporter is fixed by the first supporter and a frame supporter. The third supporter is fixed by the fourth supporter and the frame supporter. The first and the second thruster fixing units(29,30) are coupled to the first and the fourth supporters. The sliding balance brackets are installed at the first and the fourth supporters. The first and the second thrusters are fixed to the second thruster. The balancing cylinder(27) is moved along the first and the second shafts.


During the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America in 1946 a study of the hands of volunteering radiologists was undertaken. Brief histories were obtained of each subject, and wax impressions of the finger tips and photographs of the nail-fold areas were made. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the nature and the extent of changes occurring, first, in the epidermal ridges of the fingers, and second, in the minute vessels of the papillae of the corium of the nail fold. It was hoped that some correlation could be made between changes in the two are as studied and the amount of exposure as estimated by the number of years the radiologist has been in practice. It was further hoped that the recognition of such changes would be of benefit in detecting radiation damage before progressive chronic radiodermatitis became obvious. The first method is one developed and used by Roger Harvey in 1944 (10). It consists of making wax impressions of the epidermal ridges of the terminal segments o...


eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. Abstract: Gray markets, also known as parallel imports, are marketplaces for trading genuine products that are diverted from authorized distribution channels. They have created fierce competition for manufacturers in many industries and each year billions of dollars worth of products are traded in these markets. Using a game-theoretic model, we analyze the impact of parallel importation on a price-setting manufacturer that serves two markets with uncertain demand. We characterize the optimal joint price and quantity decisions of the manufacturer which determine whether the manufacturer should ignore, block, or allow parallel importation. We also show that parallel importation forces the manufacturer to reduce her price gap while demand uncertainty forces her to lower prices in both markets. Moreover, we observe that parallel importation may force the manufacturer to exit the low-profit market. Through extensive numerical experiments, we explore the impact of market conditions (size and price elasticity) and product characteristics (a fashion item or a commodity) on the manufacturer's reaction to parallel importation. In addition, we provide interesting insights about the value of strategic pricing for coping with gray markets versus the uniform pricing policy that has been adopted by some companies to eliminate gray markets. Gray markets, also known as parallel imports, are marketplaces for trading genuine products that are diverted from authorized distribution channels. They have created fierce competition for manufacturers in many industries and each year billions of dollars worth of products are traded in these markets. Using a game-theoretic model, we analyze the impact of parallel importation on a price-setting manufacturer that serves two markets with uncertain demand. We characterize the optimal joint price and quantity decisions of the manufacturer which determine whether the manufacturer should ignore, block, or allow parallel importation. We also show that parallel importation forces the manufacturer to reduce her price gap while demand uncertainty forces her to lower prices in both markets. Moreover, we observe that parallel importation may force the manufacturer to exit the low-profit market. Through extensive numerical experiments, we explore the impact of market conditions (size and price elasticity) and product characteristics (a fashion item or a commodity) on the manufacturer's reaction to parallel importation. In addition, we provide interesting insights about the value of strategic pricing for coping with gray markets versus the uniform pricing policy that has been adopted by some companies to eliminate gray markets.


Objective To discuss influence of comprehensive nursing intervention on postoperative gastrointestinal peristalsis function and complication on patients with gastrointestinal operation. Methods A total of 80 cases of patients with gastrointestinal operation were selected and divided into nursing intervention group and routine nursing group at random. The patients in two groups were both given operation treatment by epidural anesthesia. The patients in routine nursing group and nursing intervention group were both given routine nursing intervention and comprehensive nursing intervention respectively after the operation. Results Compared with routine nursing group, the postoperative abdominal pain relief time, anal exhaust and defecation time and eating time of patients in nursing intervention group were obviously shortened(P0.05), the occurrence rate of total postoperative complication were obvious declined(χ2=4.63, P 0.05). Conclusion Comprehensive nursing intervention can promote the recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal peristalsis function of patients with gastrointestinal operation and shorten anal exhaust and defecation time, which is propitious to the relief of abdominal pain and distension and eating recovery and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complication.


Through the theme of 'annunciations', this volume interrogates how, when, why, through and to whom God communicates in the Old and New Testaments. In doing so, it tackles the intimate relationship between Scriptural reflection and musical practice.


Genotype by environment interaction (G×E) is a potential source of reduced efficiency in genetic improvement programs in livestock. The objective of the current work consisted of checking the existence of G×E interaction in carcass traits and in intramuscular fat content (IMF) in Iberian pigs fattened in two free-range systems. Genetic component and estimated breeding values (EBV) of the percentage of hams, shoulders and loins and IMF in loin were obtained from records of 4,348 and 1,818 pigs fattened in campo (C) and montanera (M) systems, respectively. A multitrait model where the performances of each system are considered as different traits was implemented. Three selection indexes were built with different treatments about the quality trait, two of them based in the optimal trait theory. The Pearson correlation between EBV and indexes and the Spearman correlation between the rankings of progenies of 21 boars fattened in both systems were calculated. Heritability results were different in both systems (h2 range from 0.43 to 0.66 and from 0.24 to 0.33 in C and M system, respectively) and genetic correlation of same traits expressed in the two systems also pointed out to a weak G×E interaction (0.64, 0.67 and 0.66 in hams, shoulders and IMF, respectively). Pearson and Spearman correlations were always significantly different to 1. The obtained results advised to consider this G×E interaction in the analysis model of a breeding program focused on free range production system and to include IMF in the index selection assuming an optimum range for this quality trait, in order to avoid negative effects of selection for carcass performances.


1.1 Macroeconomic summary Economic recovery has consistently outperformed the technical staff's expectations following a steep decline in activity in the second quarter of 2020. At the same time, total and core inflation rates have fallen and remain at low levels, suggesting that a significant element of the reactivation of Colombia's economy has been related to recovery in potential GDP. This would support the technical staff's diagnosis of weak aggregate demand and ample excess capacity. The most recently available data on 2020 growth suggests a contraction in economic activity of 6.8%, lower than estimates from January's Monetary Policy Report (-7.2%). High-frequency indicators suggest that economic performance was significantly more dynamic than expected in January, despite mobility restrictions and quarantine measures. This has also come amid declines in total and core inflation, the latter of which was below January projections if controlling for certain relative price changes. This suggests that the unexpected strength of recent growth contains elements of demand, and that excess capacity, while significant, could be lower than previously estimated. Nevertheless, uncertainty over the measurement of excess capacity continues to be unusually high and marked both by variations in the way different economic sectors and spending components have been affected by the pandemic, and by uneven price behavior. The size of excess capacity, and in particular the evolution of the pandemic in forthcoming quarters, constitute substantial risks to the macroeconomic forecast presented in this report. Despite the unexpected strength of the recovery, the technical staff continues to project ample excess capacity that is expected to remain on the forecast horizon, alongside core inflation that will likely remain below the target. Domestic demand remains below 2019 levels amid unusually significant uncertainty over the size of excess capacity in the economy. High national unemployment (14.6% for February 2021) reflects a loose labor market, while observed total and core inflation continue to be below 2%. Inflationary pressures from the exchange rate are expected to continue to be low, with relatively little pass-through on inflation. This would be compatible with a negative output gap. Excess productive capacity and the expectation of core inflation below the 3% target on the forecast horizon provide a basis for an expansive monetary policy posture. The technical staff's assessment of certain shocks and their expected effects on the economy, as well as the presence of several sources of uncertainty and related assumptions about their potential macroeconomic impacts, remain a feature of this report. The coronavirus pandemic, in particular, continues to affect the public health environment, and the reopening of Colombia's economy remains incomplete. The technical staff's assessment is that the COVID-19 shock has affected both aggregate demand and supply, but that the impact on demand has been deeper and more persistent. Given this persistence, the central forecast accounts for a gradual tightening of the output gap in the absence of new waves of contagion, and as vaccination campaigns progress. The central forecast continues to include an expected increase of total and core inflation rates in the second quarter of 2021, alongside the lapse of the temporary price relief measures put in place in 2020. Additional COVID-19 outbreaks (of uncertain duration and intensity) represent a significant risk factor that could affect these projections. Additionally, the forecast continues to include an upward trend in sovereign risk premiums, reflected by higher levels of public debt that in the wake of the pandemic are likely to persist on the forecast horizon, even in the context of a fiscal adjustment. At the same time, the projection accounts for the shortterm effects on private domestic demand from a fiscal adjustment along the lines of the one currently being proposed by the national government. This would be compatible with a gradual recovery of private domestic demand in 2022. The size and characteristics of the fiscal adjustment that is ultimately implemented, as well as the corresponding market response, represent another source of forecast uncertainty. Newly available information offers evidence of the potential for significant changes to the macroeconomic scenario, though without altering the general diagnosis described above. The most recent data on inflation, growth, fiscal policy, and international financial conditions suggests a more dynamic economy than previously expected. However, a third wave of the pandemic has delayed the re-opening of Colombia's economy and brought with it a deceleration in economic activity. Detailed descriptions of these considerations and subsequent changes to the macroeconomic forecast are presented below. The expected annual decline in GDP (-0.3%) in the first quarter of 2021 appears to have been less pronounced than projected in January (-4.8%). Partial closures in January to address a second wave of COVID-19 appear to have had a less significant negative impact on the economy than previously estimated. This is reflected in figures related to mobility, energy demand, industry and retail sales, foreign trade, commercial transactions from selected banks, and the national statistics agency's (DANE) economic tracking indicator (ISE). Output is now expected to have declined annually in the first quarter by 0.3%. Private consumption likely continued to recover, registering levels somewhat above those from the previous year, while public consumption likely increased significantly. While a recovery in investment in both housing and in other buildings and structures is expected, overall investment levels in this case likely continued to be low, and gross fixed capital formation is expected to continue to show significant annual declines. Imports likely recovered to again outpace exports, though both are expected to register significant annual declines. Economic activity that outpaced projections, an increase in oil prices and other export products, and an expected increase in public spending this year account for the upward revision to the 2021 growth forecast (from 4.6% with a range between 2% and 6% in January, to 6.0% with a range between 3% and 7% in April). As a result, the output gap is expected to be smaller and to tighten more rapidly than projected in the previous report, though it is still expected to remain in negative territory on the forecast horizon. Wide forecast intervals reflect the fact that the future evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic remains a significant source of uncertainty on these projections. The delay in the recovery of economic activity as a result of the resurgence of COVID-19 in the first quarter appears to have been less significant than projected in the January report. The central forecast scenario expects this improved performance to continue in 2021 alongside increased consumer and business confidence. Low real interest rates and an active credit supply would also support this dynamic, and the overall conditions would be expected to spur a recovery in consumption and investment. Increased growth in public spending and public works based on the national government's spending plan (Plan Financiero del Gobierno) are other factors to consider. Additionally, an expected recovery in global demand and higher projected prices for oil and coffee would further contribute to improved external revenues and would favor investment, in particular in the oil sector. Given the above, the technical staff's 2021 growth forecast has been revised upward from 4.6% in January (range from 2% to 6%) to 6.0% in April (range from 3% to 7%). These projections account for the potential for the third wave of COVID-19 to have a larger and more persistent effect on the economy than the previous wave, while also supposing that there will not be any additional significant waves of the pandemic and that mobility restrictions will be relaxed as a result. Economic growth in 2022 is expected to be 3%, with a range between 1% and 5%. This figure would be lower than projected in the January report (3.6% with a range between 2% and 6%), due to a higher base of comparison given the upward revision to expected GDP in 2021. This forecast also takes into account the likely effects on private demand of a fiscal adjustment of the size currently being proposed by the national government, and which would come into effect in 2022. Excess in productive capacity is now expected to be lower than estimated in January but continues to be significant and affected by high levels of uncertainty, as reflected in the wide forecast intervals. The possibility of new waves of the virus (of uncertain intensity and duration) represents a significant downward risk to projected GDP growth, and is signaled by the lower limits of the ranges provided in this report. Inflation (1.51%) and inflation excluding food and regulated items (0.94%) declined in March compared to December, continuing below the 3% target. The decline in inflation in this period was below projections, explained in large part by unanticipated increases in the costs of certain foods (3.92%) and regulated items (1.52%). An increase in international food and shipping prices, increased foreign demand for beef, and specific upward pressures on perishable food supplies appear to explain a lower-than-expected deceleration in the consumer price index (CPI) for foods. An unexpected increase in regulated items prices came amid unanticipated increases in international fuel prices, on some utilities rates, and for regulated education prices. The decline in annual inflation excluding food and regulated items between December and March was in line with projections from January, though this included downward pressure from a significant reduction in telecommunications rates due to the


Professors James E. Austin, Allen S. Grossman, and Robert B. Schwartz and Research Associate Jennifer M. Suesse prepared this case. Some names and situations are disguised, and Holly Evans is a fictitious character. PELP cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management.


This disclosure, and describes a method for coating a substrate 110 in a vacuum chamber, the method includes forming a layer 806 of the sputtered material on the substrate 110. The Forming a layer of sputtered material, the method comprising: sputtering material from the at least one rotatable target (120 ') of a substrate (110); May comprise the step of changing the relative position between at least one target (120 ') and the substrate 110, the substrate is kept stationary relative to the vacuum chamber during the formation of the layer.


The connect method of area weighted average and volume weighted average is presented, which ensures the information transferred from the old mesh system to the new one correctly.


(57) Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula (I) [wherein, L is a group of formula (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or (f), where each Alk represents a C It represents indenyl or indanyl, each of the aryl group may be optionally substituted, Het May be substituted by a group, D is the novel compounds of] represents a 1,3-dioxolane derivative which is trisubstituted, the N- oxide forms, pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts and stereochemically isomeric forms form, antibacterial and antifungal agents, processes for their preparation, their use as compositions or chemicals containing them. [Formula 1]


It is a great pleasure to have the SIGOPS EW in France again, 10 years after the Mont Saint-Michel workshop. While Mont Saint-Michel is surrounded by the sea, Saint-Emilion is amidst miles of vineyards. There is no tide here, even if one may refer to the level of wine in the bottles... Still, I am sure that Emilion will do as well as Michel did in inspiring fruitful discussions among us. In the event of a failure of the saint's spirit, I am sure that the wine cellar located underneath the meeting room in "Le chateau la Couspaude", a Saint-Emilion grand cru classe, will be an excellent backup."Can we really depend on an OS?", "In vino veritas", Baccus would have certainly answered.Thank you for coming to EW2002 and have a very enriching workshop.We had a total of 50 submissions which is slightly up from the previous workshop. Of these the PC selected sixteen for presentations; thanks to the PC for their work.I used a simple system for submission: merely e-mail. This, unfortunately, does not work perfectly; I "lost" several papers which delayed their review---apologies to those authors that had to wait past the notification deadline.The European Workshop is usually held in beautiful locations where the relaxed atmosphere can foster fruitful discussions between the participants. Gilles Muller has found a pearl of a location---and not just for wine lovers! And he has put in a tremendous effort to do the arrangements. I hope that you will all participate actively.The theme of the workshop "Can we really depend on an OS?" has been viewed from many different points as the presentations will show. The panel discussion will attack the issues head-on.


This contribution sheds some critical light on the debate between secularization theories and the religious individualization thesis. To this pur ose, we develop a two-dimensional typology accounting for individuals' relationship to the est ablished churches (institutional dimension) and their religious beliefs (spiritual dimension), and differentiating between followers of traditional and post-traditional forms of religiosi ty. Relying on data from the World Values Survey (1981 and 2005) for seven Western European c ou tries, we analyze the patterns of religious decline and religious change in a compara tive perspective. Paper prepared for presentation at the ECPR Joint S essions of Workshops, Lisbon. Workshop 1: "Moral values, cultural change, and pos t-materialism in Europe and North America", April 14-19, 2009.


The classification,properties,the domestic and foreign trademark and chemical composition of prehardened plastic mould steel were reviewed,with focus on the composition design and heat treatment process improvement in the domestic prehardened plastic mould steel.Properties and perhardening process of some steels reached the international advanced level.The development direction of the perhardened plastic mould steel was put forward.


This research is motivated by the declining number of customers in Papa Ron's pizza Semarang on September 2015 and slowing growth of customers, causing a decrease in sales. The decline in the number of customers and sales can be formulated that how a loyal customer to remain loyal to consume fast food such as pizza amid culinary phenomenon increasingly fierce competition. This study aimed to examine the effect of price perception, store ambience, and service quality on customer loyalty in Papa Ron's pizza Semarang.
This study is using purposive sampling method with a sample of 100 people from the consumers who make purchases at Papa Ron's pizza Semarang. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression. Based on the research results, this research obtained regression equation as follows:
Y = 0,252X1 + 0,448X2 + 0,241X3
The results showed that the most influential variable is store atmosphere (0.448), followed by price perception variable (0.252), and the last variable is quality of service (0.241). Hypothesis testing using t test showed that the same perception are the variable price, the store atmosphere, quality service and significant positive effect on the variable customer loyalty. Figures obtained adjusted R-square of 0.69 indicate that the 69% customer loyalty can be explained by the perception of price, store atmosphere, and quality of service while the remaining 31% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.


RADARSAT-2 is mechanically steered in yaw to provide a measure of earth rotation compensation and thus bring the data Doppler centroids (DC) near zero Hz. The satellite attitude control uses an algorithm whose inputs are GPS measured satellite position and the star-tracker measured attitude of the satellite. The GPS data are used to generate an orbit state vector and the star-tracker data are used to generate an attitude state vector both of which are reported with the radar signal data. Examination of DC distribution and stationary-world phase from along-track interferometry (ATI) from 53 RADARSAT-2 SMTI (Surface Moving Target Indication) scenes has been used to explore systematic and random steering angle discrepancies between radar observations and the reported attitude state vector data. Systematic pointing offset components derived from these data provide an improved earth-rotation compensation model for ocean target measurements.


Physiochemical characteristics were evaluated for over 700 core and drill cutting samples from Upper Devonian Gas Shales. These samples were selected from seven Illinois Basin and fourteen Appalachian Basin wells. The organic carbon content, thermal maturation and organic matter type primarily determine the gas potential of these shales. The average organic carbon content of Devonian shales is consistently greater than the minimum content required for clastic source rocks to generate a significant volume of hydrocarbons. The potential gas yield of shales predominantly containing propelic (marine sourced) material is significantly greater than for those predominantly containing humic (non-marine) material. In general, Illinois Basin shales are organically rich and contain varying proportions of terrestrial versus marine sourced organic matter. However, these shales are too thermally immature to have generated significant hydrocarbons. An exception to this trend occurs in the southern regions of this basin (Hardin County, Illinois) where the shales are primarily composed of terrestrially derived, organic matter and are more thermally mature. The organic matter of the Appalachian Basin shales trend from a very mature, terrestrially derived, organically leaner type in the regions east of the basin axis to a less mature, mixed marine/non-marine, organically richer type in the western regions.more » The Upper Devonian interval of this latter region contains gases with a higher gas-producing potential and Btu values. The primary source of these wet gases is within shale intervals associated with an organically and algal-rich (restricted marine) facies. Determining shale hydrocarbon gas or organic carbon content by current methods of log analysis appears to be of limited effectiveness. However, alternative methods of remote sensing have the potential to improve the determination of these key reservoir parameters.« less


In order to improve network performance, including reducing computation delay, transmission delay and bandwidth consumption, edge computing and caching technologies are introduced to the fifth-generation wireless network (5G). However, the volume of edge resources is limited, while the number and complexity of tasks in the network are increasing sharply. Therefore, how to provide the most efficient service for network users with limited resources is an urgent problem to be solved. Thus, improving the utilization rate of communication, computing and caching resources in the network is an important issue. The diversification of network resources brings difficulties to network management. The joint resource allocation problem is difficult to be solved by traditional approaches. With the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, these AI algorithms have been applied to joint resource allocation problems to solve complex decision-making problems. In this paper, we first summarize the AI-based joint resources allocation schemes. Then, an AI-assisted intelligent wireless network architecture is proposed. Finally, based on the proposed architecture, we use deep Q-network (DQN) algorithm to figure out the complex and high-dimensional joint resource allocation problem. Simulation results show that the algorithm has good convergence characteristics, proposed architecture and the joint resource allocation scheme achieve better performance compared to other resource allocation schemes.


As is well known, the period since the early 1970s has been one of massive historical structural transformations of the global order, frequently referred to as the transition from Fordism to post-Fordism (or, better, from Fordism to post-Fordism to neoliberal global capitalism). This transformation of social, economic, and cultural life, which has entailed the undermining of the state-centric order of the mid – twentieth century, has been as fundamental as the earlier transition from nineteenth-century liberal capitalism to the stateinterventionist, bureaucratic forms of the twentieth century. These processes have entailed far-reaching changes in not only Western capitalist countries but communist countries as well, and led to the collapse of the Soviet Union and European communism in addition to fundamental transformations in China. Consequently, they have been interpreted as marking the end of Marxism and of the theoretical relevance of Marx's critical theory. And yet these processes of historical transformation have also reasserted the central importance of historical dynamics and large-scale structural changes. This problematic, which is at the heart of Marx's critical theory, is precisely that which eludes the grasp of the major theories of the immediate post-Fordist era — those of Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Jurgen Habermas. Recent transformations have revealed those theories to have been retrospective, focused critically on the Fordist era, but no longer adequate to the contemporary post-Fordist world. Emphasizing the problematic of historical dynamics and transformations


These are but a few of the concepts which guide the daily clinical practice at the Easter Seal Center in Milwaukee. Both the child and the parent are important, and are entitled to continuing service without regard to artificial boundaries. While the staff of the program will be the first to admit that the day-by-day application of these concepts in clinical practice does not always come about readily, the positive experiences have far outweighed the negative. Although the concepts are viewed with a skeptical eye by many professional colleagues, are usually very difficult to interpret to a lay board, and occasionally present some perplexing situations, the profit to family and the development of the child are sufficiently gratifying to validate the efficacy of such practices.


Spectroscopic properties of Er3+ doped transparent oxyfluoride borosilicate glass ceramics containing Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals are systematically investigated.The formation of Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals in the glass ceramics was confirmed by X-ray diffraction.According to the Judd-Ofelt theory,the intensity parameters Ωi(i=2,4,6) is calculated and the decrease of Ω2 suggests that rare earth ions are incorporated into Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals.Compared with the precursor glass,significantly increased upconversion luminescence is observed in the transparent glass ceramics.This is attributed to the low phonon energy of fluoride nanocrystals,when Er3+ is incorporated into the precipitated Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals.And the emission mechanism can be described as a two-photon mechanism.


Background In Uganda, unintended pregnancies are responsible for one in three births with detrimental consequences, a situation that worsened during COVID-19. Thus, the present examined unplanned pregnancy and its associated risks in Oyam district, northern Uganda during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods and Methods This study employed a cross-sectional study among adolescent girls aged 15–19 years who had a pregnancy during the second phase of COVID-19 in Oyam district, northern Uganda in November 2022. A consecutive method was employed to recruit the participants attending health facilities. A structured questionnaire was utilized to collect data. For data analysis, both bivariate and multivariable regression methods with adjusted odds ratio and 95% CI were used. A p-value of 0.05 was used to determine the significance level. Results Of the total respondents, 292 (69.5%) were aged between 18 and 19 years of age, 295 (70.2%) lived in rural areas, and 222 (52.9%) had no formal education. The results also show that 293 (69.8%) of the respondents had unintended pregnancies during COVID-19. The results indicate that participants who lacked knowledge of the ovulation period (AOR: 0.242; 95% CI: 0156–0376; P<0.001), sex education during COVID-19 (AOR: 0.563; 95% CI:: 0.365–0.869; P=0.024) and lacked the freedom to discuss family planning-related issues with family members during COVID-19 (AOR: 0.228; 95% CI: 0.138–0.376; P<0.001) were more likely to have an unintended pregnancy compared to their counterparts. Conclusion Our study shows that unwanted pregnancies among adolescent girls remain a public health issue in Oyam district with more than two-thirds of adolescents having unwanted pregnancies during the crisis of COVID-19. The major correlates of unwanted pregnancies among adolescent girls during COVID-19 pandemic were inadequate knowledge of the ovulation period, sex education, and lack of freedom to discuss family planning-related issues with family members. There is a need to prioritize interventions, especially in rural settings. Sex education to improve contraceptive use and delay sexual debut. In light of the possibility that social and cultural norms in the Oyam district prohibit parents and children from discussing sexual subjects, it is crucial to promote sexual health education through the mass media, including newspapers, television, radio, and social media.


Aim: The aim of this study was to identify possible risk factors for mastitis. Subjects and Methods: We studied 109 breastfeeding women in a retrospective cohort study. Cases (n=55), breastfeeding women with breast pain and/or signs of acute mastitis, and positive milk culture (>1000 UFC/mL), were matched with controls (n=54), breastfeeding women with no pain or signs of acute mastitis. Information was gathered about several possible risk factors for mastitis. Multivariate analysis was carried out for significant variables. Main results: factors significantly linked to mastitis: maternal antibiotic treatment in the peripartum period (ORa = 3,935 IC =1,15 – 6,13), iron supplementation (ORa = 0,241; IC= 0,092 - 0,631) and epidural anesthesia (ORa = 0,196; IC= 0,066 – 0,693).  Conclusions: antibiotic therapy in the peripartum period may be linked to the development of mastitis. Iron supplements taken by the mother may play a protecting role. It is important to search for ways to prevent mastitis in breastfeeding mothers who have received antibiotics, and to study the significance of iron supplementation.


The dichroism of ultra-violet absorption bands of thin single crystals of some organic compounds has been measured, and the results used to determine the direction of the molecular transition moments of the peptide group and of substituted phenyl groups. Some of the theory of the optics of absorbing crystals has been presented in a form which is useful in interpreting dichroism measurements in terms of crystal and molecular structure.


was an illegitimate son. The proof-reading is carelessly done in places, Vol. I, p. 454, I14 is correct, not 116; p. 483, Sale, not Salle; Vol. II, p. 310, II00, not iiio, etc. Mistakes similar to the above are too frequent. Occasionally an open question is decided in a dogmatic manner; e. g., the date of the introduction into Europe of Arabic numerals, Vol. II, p. 193. But these volumes are valuable, and we wish that they could be reproduced in English at the same price. It is because of the excellence of the whole that we have called attention to the faults in


The article substantiates situational analysis as a complex technology for the preparation, adoption and implementation of a pedagogical decision, which is based on the analysis of a single pedagogical situation. It is emphasized that the method of situational analysis contributes to the development of students' independent thinking, the ability to listen and take into account an alternative point of view, to express their own in a reasoned way. Through this method, analytical and evaluative skills are identified and improved, students learn to work in a team, find the most rational solution to the problem. The peculiarities of the application of the method of situational analysis in elementary school are determined: the use of practical situations, the basis of which are typical situations that are most often encountered in life, that is, the "active" model of the situation, the maximum clarity and detail of the situational complex; focus on learning about life and acquiring the ability for optimal adaptive activity, on the development of the value system of education seekers, value positions, life attitudes, a unique worldview and world transformation; the emphasis of education is transferred to the production of knowledge, to the co-creation of the student and the teacher. The order of practical implementation of the method of situational analysis has been revealed: choosing a topic for situational analysis; acquainting students with reference materials, explaining the work process, feedback is important, that is, checking whether students understand the assigned task; students' independent processing of individual tasks; presentation of proposed solutions, discussion of proposals; work evaluation. It was concluded that the method of situational analysis allows to increase the cognitive interest in the studied subjects of primary education students, to improve the understanding of socio-economic phenomena, contributes to the development of research, communication and creative decision-making skills.


Although some research has been dedicated to the development of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) assistance mechanisms, little effort has been directed to the deployment of tools that assist humans during the KDD task definition stage. In order to satisfy this need for a KDD task definition assistance device, the present work proposes three different approaches: a) the first one is called theoretical approach and is based on concepts from the Theory of Attribute Equivalence in Databases [3] and from Topological Spaces [4]; b) the second employs Artificial Neural Networks [7] to learn mappings between heterogeneous patterns and is called experimental approach; c) the third one combines the abovementioned approaches to implement what is called hybrid approach. These approaches, their models and implementations are described in detail. Experiments with real KDD applications, comparisons and conclusions are reported.


The pattern of inheritance of the autosomal recessive adrenal lipid depletion ( ald ) allele among the AKXL recombinant inbred mouse lines, derived from a cross between AKR/J and C57L/J, revealed that the ald locus is located on chromosome 1 near the dipeptidase-1 ( Dip-1 ) locus. The linkage was confirmed in a backcross generation and the gene order ln-Dip-1-ald was established.


Robot manipulators present restrictions on their performance, such as the maximum torque the motors can apply, limitations in their position, speed, acceleration, etc. This paper studies the application of a multivariable constrained predictive controller for robotic control, that considers these restrictions when calculating the control signal. The model used to calculate predictions is evaluated at every sample-time by linearization of the Denavit-Hartenberg model, and discretization using a bilinear transform. By using simulation, this paper presents the successful application of this technique to a direct-drive manipulator.


The pillarization process of Al/Fe metal oxide compound in bentonite has been carried. The study of weight adsorbent, pH, adsorption time, concentration and temperature adsorption were investigated to get the optimum condition of Congo red and Direct green removal. In addition, the pseudo kinetic and isotherm model were also determined to investigate the rate and type of adsorption. From the experiment, the optimum weight of adsorbent, pH, adsorption time, concentration and temperature were 0.3 g, 2, 45 minute, 90 mg/L, respectively. Thus, the pseudo kinetic model follow the pseudo second order while the Freundlich model was use as the isotherm model. As conclusion, The Pillarization success to enhance the adsorption capacity of bentonite to remove the Congo red and Direct green dyes.


Adaptive evolution of clonally dividing cells and microbes is the ultimate cause of cancer and infectious diseases. The possibility of constraining the adaptation of cell populations, by inhibiting proteins that enhance their evolvability has therefore attracted substantial interest. However, our current understanding of how individual genes influence the speed of adaptation is limited, partly because accurately tracking adaptation for many experimental cell populations in parallel is challenging. Here we use a high throughput artificial laboratory evolution (ALE) platform to track the adaptation of >18.000 cell populations corresponding to single gene deletion strains in the haploid yeast deletion collection. We report that the fitness of gene knockout near-perfectly (R2=0.91) predicts their adaptation dynamics under arsenic exposure, leaving virtually no role for dedicated evolvability functions in the corresponding proteins. We tracked the adaptation of another >23.000 yeast gene knockout populations to a diverse range of selection pressures and generalised the almost perfect (R2=0.72 to 0.98) capacity of initial fitness to predict the rate of adaptation. Finally, we reconstruct mutations in the genes FPS1, ASK10, and ARR3, which together account for almost all arsenic adaptation in wildtype cells, in gene deletions covering a broad fitness range. We show that the predictability of arsenic adaptation can be understood almost entirely as a global epistasis phenomenon where excluding arsenic from cells, through these mutations, is more beneficial in cells with low arsenic fitness regardless of what causes the arsenic defects. The lack of genes with a meaningful effect on the adaptation dynamics of clonally reproducing cell populations diminishes the prospects of developing adjuvant drugs aiming to slow antimicrobial and chemotherapy resistance.


Abstract We examined movement and age distribution of experimentally manipulated natural populations of slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) in streams having open and closed vegetation canopies. Densities were estimated in three treatments: reference populations (no transfers), reductions (fish removed from the sites), and additions (fish added to the sites). Biweekly replenishment of addition sites raised sculpin densities to over 10/m2 in the open canopy, at least 3 times that of reduction and reference populations. In closed canopy habitats, densities of addition populations (6/m2) were twice as great as reference populations (3/m2), although reduction populations (41m2) did not differ from either. Addition sites showed a net increase of numbers of sculpin over four summer months, in spite of a decline in older sculpin (age III-V years). Reduction sites showed no differences from reference sites regarding sculpin numbers, indicating that recruitment of fish to reduction sites did occur. However, more than ...


Flotation de-inking technology is used in the paper recycling process to preferentially remove hydrophobic contaminants, such as inks and toners from a slurry of fibers in water. In the process fine air bubbles are introduced into the suspension and the hydrophobic contaminants, preferentially attached to the bubble–water interface, are carried to the top of the flotation vessel and are skimmed away in a reject stream. Clean fibers are taken from another port of the vessel as the accept stream. This short article describes a simple, inexpensive method to execute in the laboratory a batch type flotation de-inking process on wastepaper. In the experiment, wastepaper is dispersed in water and then de-inked using a laboratory flotation apparatus readily assembled from common lab equipment. The product streams are collected on filter paper to determine the contaminant removal efficiency and the fiber yield. The experiment is useful for middle or high school science courses or introductory-level college environ...


Previous our research has introduced an optimal longcut route problem and a number of solutions to this problem. However, to date, the literature has only presented evaluations based on a single theoretical radio propagation model. Because throughput characteristics derived from radio propagation models significantly affects longcut route performance, this study introduces three simple models by referring to actual measurement values. The results of our evaluation show that there are large differences in performance between the three models. The Non-Line-of-Sight model can have an improvement ratio approximately five times greater than that of the Line-of-Sight Indoor model and six times greater than that of the previous theoretical model.


Brebes Regency is an endemic area of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) and has the highest number of LF case in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Despite it is located in coastal region, which is already known as one of risk factors of LF, the LF case is distributed more in rural area, away from the shoreline. Adult mosquito need a certain site, called resting place, to rest after and before bitting for blood meal. The purpose of this study was to analyze spatially the distribution of LF case and mosquito resting place in three subdistricts whose highest LF case in Brebes Regency. The three subdistricts are rural areas. The observed resting places were cattle pen, unmaintained bushes, and maintained bushes. The data of LF patients were obtained from Health Office of Brebes Regency which stood at 14 patients. Spatial mapping of LF case and mosquito resting place distribution was composed. 4 patients were located in mosquito flight radius from unmaintained bushes, 3 patients were located in mosquito flight radius from cattle pen, and 7 patients were located in mosquito flight radius from both unmaintaned bushes and cattle pen. It indicated unmaintained bushes togather with cattle pen is the main resting place which contributed to LF transmission.


—Building information technology has overtaken the way architect designing a building. The use of Building Information Modelling (BIM), somehow, sifted the designer viewpoint from general to detail- integrated aspects of the building. To indicate the system from detail preference will directly causing the wholeness of the building, including the integrity of the structural system and its configuration inside the building. On the other side, a studio culture in architecture study still follows the macro-micro path were design concepts start from extensive issues and involving intuition for creativity, which means somehow hardly touches the technical-detailed aspects. The safety precaution of the structural system and its construction are then assumed strongly affected. To recognize either the use of digital tools has a link to the safety precaution, safety awareness is examined from the student's design on the architectural studios. Vertical and horizontal regularity, as well as the ease of egress, are the most factors chosen to represent how the design-work deals with the issues. The result shows that the level of the safety concept in the architectural studio needs more consideration. Some products found to neglect the matters since the architectural detail might be selected based on other precautions rather than safety issues. This discovery will might useful to reinforce more awareness of building safety in the school.


In this article TENCompetence will be presented as a framework for lifelong competence development. More specifically, the relationship between the TENCompetence framework and the IMS Learning Design (LD) specification is explored. LD authoring has proven to be challenging and the toolset currently available is targeting expert users mostly working for institutions of higher educations. Furthermore these tools re-enforce a fairly rigid top-down workflow approach towards design and delivery. This approach it is not always the most suitable model in all circumstances for all practitioners. TENCompetence provides an alternative bottom-up approach to LD authoring via its first implementation: the Personal Competence Manager (PCM). Constructs such as competence profiles and competence development programmes, let users define, modify, and acquire competences they need for achieving their personal goals. We will show how the PCM provides support for these constructs and stimulates the bottom-up development of learning materials. We will also show how these concepts can be mapped towards LD. This allows the ad hoc designs of the PCM to be captured in a unit of learning (UOL). These UOLs can be enhanced and eventually fed back into the PCM, therewith closing the edit cycle. This editing cycle allows for a gradual integration of bottom-up ad hoc designs with more formal top-down designs introducing LD in a gentle fashion.


Electromagnetic waves are examined for a single isolated nanoparticle, which is composed of lossy plasmonic components and immersed in an unbounded homogeneous dielectric host medium. Wave characteristics thus obtained on resonance play crucial roles as the zero-order solution for periodic structures such as linear particle chains. The dispersion relation with cubic nonlinearity in frequency accounts for radiation damping in addition to dynamic depolarization. It is theoretically analyzed on the parameter plane spanned by the material loss and the plasma frequency. As in the preceding companion paper of Paper I, analysis shows two types of solutions: propagating waves and stationary states. In addition, the temporal attenuation rate exhibits a maximum feature at a certain material loss in confirmation of experimental results. However, physical behaviors of a nanoparticle turn out quite distinct from those illustrated in Paper I. The reasons are that the different mathematical structures are involved, and different geometries require different underlying assumptions. In special, the issue of series convergence in choosing proper solutions will be addressed. In addition, solutions to nanoparticles made of polarizable dielectric materials are found not to exist.


Vietnam's agriculture develops comprehensively, and it is shifting towards producing commodities with increasing productivity and quality, developing industries and products with competitive advantages, and ensuring national food and nutrition security. The development of agriculture contributes to sustainable poverty reduction, especially in difficult economic times. In a period of 10 years (2008 2017), the GDP growth rate of agriculture reached 2.66% per year, while the growth rate of production value reached 3.9% per year. The GDP of the agriculture in 2017 was 1.25 times higher than that in 2008. In 2018, GDP growth rate of agriculture is estimated at 3.4%. Despite facing many difficulties and challenges, agriculture still maintains a growth rate of 2.55% per year for 2013 to 2017 period to achieve the economic goals for 2020 (the annual GDP growth rate of agriculture is 3% per year), export turnover will achieve $157.07 billion, equivalent to $31.5 billion per year and increases by 51.2% compared to the average of the previous five years. In terms of social goals, along with ensuring national food security, nutritional security, restructuring agriculture has contributed to increasing production efficiency and income, reducing rural poverty rate of 1.5% per year. Regarding environmental objectives, by the end of 2017, the forest canopy rate will reach 41.45%. Agricultural products market has recently achieved new development; many Vietnamese agricultural products have a high position in the international market. The total export turnover of 10 years (2008 2017) is $261.28 billion with an average increase of 9.24% per year, and it is expected to $40 billion in 2018. There are 10 agricultural commodities with export turnover of $1 billion or more, of which five agricultural commodities including fruits, cashews, coffee, shrimp, wooden products have an export turnover of over US $3 billion. In 2008, there were only five items with export turnover of $ 1.0 billion or more and two items with export turnover of $ 3 billion. Vietnam's agricultural products are present in more than 180 countries and territories; including major markets such as China, the United States, Japan, and the EU. Vietnam's agricultural exports are ranked second in the Southeast Asia and 15th in the world [1]. Science and technology play a crucial role in agriculture and rural development. In particular, the state research investments through the Ministry of Science and Technology for the Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences have significantly contributed to the achievement of agricultural growth over the past 10 years. In the context of this paper, we will mention the situation, orientation and solutions to promote the role of science and technology in the development of agriculture and rural development in general as well as the contributions of science and technology research investment for agricultural development of the Ministry of Science and Technology for Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences in the past 10 years.


Several studies are published , which investigated dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2) gene TaqIA polymorphism as ris factor for alcohol dependence (AD) with positive and negative association. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis of case-control studies that examined the association between DRD2 gene Taq1A polymorphism and alcohol dependence were performed. Eligible articles were identified through search of databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Springer link and Google Scholar. The association between the DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism and AD susceptibility was conducted using odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) as association measure. A total of 69 studies with 9,125 cases and 9,123 healthy controls were included in current meta-analysis. Results of present analysis showed significant association between DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism and AD risk using a five genetic modes (allele contrast model -OR=1.22 , 95% CI=1.13-1.32, p<0.0001; homozygote model -OR= 1.35, 95%CI= 1.18-1.55; p= <0.0001; dominant model -OR= 1.29; 95%CI= 1.20-1.39; p<0.0001; recessive model-OR= 1.21; 95%CI= 1.08-1.36; p= 0.0006). There was no significant association found between In subgroup analysis, TaqIA polymorphism was not significantly associated with AD risk in Asian population under all genetic models, but in Caucasian population TaqIA polymorphism was significantly associated with AD risk. Overall, results support the hypothesis that DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism plays a role in alcohol dependence.


The purpose of this paper is to present a brief review of such evidence as we have obtained in the geomagnetic studies which we have been conducting from this laboratory during the past twenty-five years for the atom-annihilation hypothesis as to the origins of cosmic rays in intergalactic space.


A stereoselective total synthesis of the racemic modification of the tetracyclic sesquiterpenoid ishwarone (2) is described. Treatment of the known ketal aldehyde 19 with dibromomethylenetriphenylp...


selected manuscripts and/or printed editions. These are followed by accounts of scribe(s) and script, decoration, origin/provenance and, finally, a commentary. The introduction and catalogue are a mixture of the informative and commonplace, written throughout in the author's characteristic cheerful prolix style, with the commentaries mostly concerned with biographies of the authors and their work(s), including their transmission in England, 'composed with the interests of a broad audience in mind'. (There are no commentaries for all but one of the liturgical books and two canon law collections, the kind of works that such an audience would need help in understanding.) One page (sometimes more) of each item is reproduced in colour, but this means that for some the reduction is so great that the character and the details of their script are difficult to see. However, items nos 3 and 17, and nos 27 and 28 can be linked together, but although this is visible in the reproductions the descriptions do not draw attention to the links, and one unlocalised fragment, no. 31, appears to be by a Christ Church scribe who wrote at least six charters and two manuscripts for the priory. The fragments of an important multi-volume Christ Church Passional, no. 22, are dated 's. xii ' at the head of the catalogue entry, but to the 1120s in the introduction although it has scribal evidence to show it may have been made ten or fifteen years earlier. It is always difficult to succeed with works intended for scholarly and broad audiences, and this one is no exception. However, catalogues in any form are always useful for scholars and therefore this one must be welcomed, but it is presumably for a wider appeal that this book was designed with care and well printed on good paper.


Among the evidenced-based contributors to the global climatic change is the loss of the primary forest cover of the tropical rain forest through tree-cropping of the crop variety that requires no-shade. Particularly in Ghana and the Ivory Coast the no-shade type of cocoa farming has destroyed the multiple canopy rainforest and its associated multiple species. Space images show devastating expansion of this economy in the forest region of the Western Region of Ghana.


had not been answered. Perhaps Marshall will reply that that is their problem, and yet for two decades now restorative justice has failed to make the breakthrough which its proponents so much long for. The danger, then, with Marshall's book—which sets up the biblical case, provides a good discussion of the experience of crime, and engages with the practitioners of restorative justice such as Zehr—is that this account of criminology, or what is in effect a profound political theology, simply marginalises itself. But this feels ungracious. What this book offers is a superb reading of the Lukan parables, as though the reader had come across them fresh, never having heard them before. That is an extraordinary achievement. It sets new standards for biblical hermeneutics. What it does not do is establish the case for restorative justice against its critics.


It is recognized that dopamine promotes natriuresis by inhibiting NHE3 and Na+‐K+‐ATPase in the proximal tubule. In contrast, less is known about putative dopamine actions on the water‐electrolyte transport in the distal nephron. Basolateral side of the epithelial cells in the distal nephron is exposed to influence of dopamine secreted from sympathetic nerve endings. Furthermore, dopamine receptors are abundantly expressed at the basolateral membrane of the connecting tubule and the collecting duct cells. Basolateral K+ channels in the distal nephron are critical for potassium recycling and controlling basolateral membrane potential to promote electrogenic Na+ reabsorption. Using patch clamp electrophysiology in freshly isolated distal nephrons from mice, we detected ~20 pS and 40 pS basolateral K+ channels most likely representing Kir4.1, Kir4.1/5.1, respectively. Dopamine reversibly inhibited both channels when applied in a low micromolar range. Importantly, dopamine also decreased the amplitude of unitary currents approximately by 30% indicating depolarization of basolateral membrane and reduction of transepithelial voltage. We propose that consistently with its actions in the proximal tubule, dopamine reduces Na+ transport in the distal nephron, in part, by inhibiting basolateral K+ conductance and decreasing driving force for sodium reabsorption.


The present study aims to investigate the effect of training tolerance through Islamic approach. The study is of semi- experimental kind including pre-test, post-test and exploration one with control group. The research statistical group consists of women visiting Isfahan martyr counseling center in 2012. The sample includes 50 members of women who were randomly selected and then divided into two experiment and control group having a high level marital problems based on Islamic approach which has been taught to experimental group during 8 sessions, while the dependent one is marital intimacy evaluated by its Olia questionnaire (2006). SPSS software was used to analyses the data based on variance analysis with constant measurement. The conclusions stated that training tolerance through Islamic approach increases marital intimacy (p<0.01).


Technical Field The present invention relates to a display device maintenance, discloses an array substrate and a poor line repair method, a display device. A common electrode of the array substrate comprising: a frame body disposed in the housing and connected to both ends of the first strip and the frame connected to the first strip portion connected to cross-connect and disconnect both ends of the second frame connecting strip portion, and the signal lines on the substrate perpendicular projection on the second connecting strip portion. In the above aspect, by changing the shape of the common electrode is formed similar to a square grid-shaped structure; in the short circuit occurs in the signal lines can be repaired by cutting the housing to complete the first body or the connecting strip portion, open circuit occurs in the signal line when, by and / or the second connecting strip welded portion and the frame signal line, and the corresponding cutting frame and the first strip portion connected to complete the repair, the entire repair process is simple, fast, while avoiding the repair other damage caused by the process, improve the efficiency of maintenance.


Magnesium manganese (Mg Mn) based alloys with various chemical composition were processed by indirect extrusion at two di erent speeds. Alloying with Mn and rare earth elements has signi cant in uence on the microstructure and on the texture of the alloys under investigation. This paper deals with the acoustic emission analysis of the deformation behavior of the extruded Mg Mn alloys. The acoustic emission measurements were performed during the uniaxial tension and compression tests, and the obtained results are discussed with respect to the in uence of rare-earth elements on the deformation behavior, particularly in terms of the activation of dislocation glide and twinning.


Guideline scope Update of the 2012 guidelines of the AABB (formerly American Association of Blood Banks) on red blood cell (RBC) transfusion thresholds and the effect of RBC storage duration on mortality and other clinical outcomes in medical or surgical adult or child inpatients. Guideline development methods The guideline committee included pathologists, hematologists, anesthesiologist, cardiologist, internist, critical care physician, trauma or acute care surgeon, methodologist, and a patient. Guideline development was based on systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of RBC thresholds (based on hemoglobin or hematocrit levels) and storage duration (fresh vs standard issue, where a unit is selected at any point within the licensed period); searches were done up to May 2016. Evidence was rated using the GRADE criteria. The full guideline was voted on by the guideline committee and reviewed by AABB board of directors. Recommendations Recommendations are summarized in the Table. No recommendation was made for patients with an acute coronary syndrome based on the results of a meta-analysis of 2 RCTs (n =154) of restrictive vs liberal transfusion thresholds (relative risk for mortality 3.88, 95% CI 0.83 to 18.13). Conclusion The AABB recommends restrictive thresholds for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion (hemoglobin 7 to 8 g/dL) and use of standard issue RBC units rather than fresh units (<10 d). Recommendations from the AABB for thresholds for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and RBC storage duration* Strong recommendations, moderate-quality evidence Evidence Restrictive RBC transfusion threshold of hemoglobin level 7 g/dL for hemodynamically stable hospitalized adults, including critically ill patients.Restrictive RBC transfusion threshold of hemoglobin level 8 g/dL for patients having orthopedic or cardiac surgery or with preexisting cardiovascular disease. Meta-analysis of 23 RCTs (n =10537) of restrictive vs liberal transfusion thresholds: RR for 30-d mortality 0.97, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.16 RBC units at any point within their licensed dating period (standard issue) can be given to patients, including neonates (vs limiting transfusion to only fresh RBC units stored <10 d) Meta-analysis of 13 RCTs (n =5515) of fresher vs standard-issue blood units: RR for mortality 1.04, CI 0.95 to 1.14 *RCT = randomized controlled trial; RR = relative risk; other abbreviations defined in Glossary. Assessed using GRADE criteria. Strong recommendation: All or most well-informed people would make the same choice (based on patient preference for avoiding rare but potentially serious side effects and value of resource conservation for RBC thresholds, and value was placed on feasibility and resource use for RBC storage duration). Moderate quality of evidence: Moderate confidence in the effect estimate. The true effect is likely to be close to the estimated effect, but it is possible that the effect is substantially different (based on benefits and harms, and quality and consistency of evidence). Restrictive thresholds <8 to 9 g/dL in 14 RCTs and <7 g/dL in 9 RCTs. Mortality at the longest follow-up in each trial. Commentary Although RBC transfusions are common, the decision to transfuse has often been based on few data. For decades, transfusion thresholds were based on the 10/30 rule, which was first promulgated in 1942 (1). The meta-analysis by Carson and colleagues of 23 RCTs shows that a transfusion threshold of 7 g/dL should be used for most hospitalized patients. However, in patients having cardiac surgery or those with cardiovascular disease, a threshold of 8 g/dL is recommended. This threshold is also recommended for patients having orthopedic surgery, based in part on the results of an RCT of 2016 patients who had orthopedic surgery and had, or were at risk for, cardiovascular diseasethe trial did not show a mortality benefit with a liberal transfusion strategy (2). The guidelines also do not apply to patients with an acute coronary syndrome due to a lack of large RCTs. Patients with severe chronic anemia (e.g., due to marrow failure syndromes), who are also excluded from the guidelines, may receive transfusions at higher hemoglobin levels to preserve quality of life. The recommended hemoglobin thresholds are not a mandate to transfuse. Young patients with correctible anemia (e.g., severe iron deficiency, postpartum bleeding) may tolerate very low hemoglobin levels and correct their counts without transfusion. Even patients with severe iron deficiency can respond to iron supplementation alone. The second recommendation addresses the issue of new vs old blood. Observational data have suggested that blood transfused after 10 to 14 days of storage was associated with adverse outcomes. However, meta-analysis of 13 RCTs found that the age of blood did not affect outcomes, and this is further supported by a recently published trial that showed no difference between short-term (mean 13 d) and long-term (mean 24 d) blood storage (3). The guidelines remind us that blood transfusionlike any procedureshould only be ordered after careful consideration of the risks and benefits.


Students in 4 Canadian high school physics classes completed instructional sequences in two key physics topics related to motion - Straight Line Motion and Newton's First Law. Different sequences of laboratory investigation, teacher explanation (lecture) and the use of computer-based scientific visualizations (animations and simulations) were experienced by different groups of students. Tests based on the Force Concept Inventory were used to measure their understanding of the key concepts. Student results were also analysed in terms of academic achievement level and sex and a retention test was conducted 12 weeks after instruction. Teaching sequence was found to significantly influence students' conceptual development. Introducing the topic with a laboratory or visualization activity is more effective for concept learning. Lecture first followed by laboratory and visualization activities (in either order) was the least effective approach. On the first sequence the highest achieving students achieved statistically greater learning gains. Students' sex did not yield statistically significant differences. For the second sequence, female students in the laboratory-first sequence achieved significantly better than any other group. While effects reported are small, this study provides an initial analysis of the importance of teaching sequence when adding scientific visualizations to the physics teaching repertoire.


SYNOPSIS

Scanning electron microscope studies on Gregarina sp. from the cricket Udeopsylla nigra revealed that the epicytic folds of the younger gamonts are undulatory, whereas those of the older gamonts are relatively straight. The protomerite of the primite is conical with a mammiliform structure at the anterior tip, where the epicytic folds originate from a disc-like structure. The protomerite of the satellite is flattened.


Modern day medical systems are closely integrated and interconnected with other systems, such as those comprising Internet-of-Medical Things (IoMT) devices that facilitate remote healthcare services, say during pandemics (e.g., COVID-19). Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is a promising cryptographic primitive to support fine-grained access control in the ciphertext environment; in other words, ABE can potentially be used to ensure data confidentiality and user privacy in the IoMT ecosystem. In this article, we propose an efficient partially-policy-hidden and large universe ABE scheme with public traceability to construct a practical IoMT system (hereafter referred to as PTIoMT). The system is designed to achieve the following features: 1) the access policy is partially hidden: only nonsensitive attribute labels/names are displayed, while sensitive attribute values are hidden in the encrypted electronic health records (EHRs); 2) the number of the attributes is independent of the public parameters and, thus, can be arbitrarily large; 3) any user who discloses the decryption key can be efficiently tracked; and 4) fewer bilinear pairing operations are required during the decryption process. The security analysis and performance evaluation demonstrate the security and efficiency of PTIoMT.


ABSTRACT Most South Korean stars and celebrities show glowing flawless skin with a bright tone, which is termed mibaek and constitutes the core imagery of 'K-beauty.' Korean media plays a big part in validating this skin beauty norm by producing and mediating an idealised 'televisual skin.' While skin whitening has been interpreted in a colonial or westernised sense, this article defines mibaek as a somatechnics of constructing stardom and explicates it in a Korean media context. Based on observations on star and celebrity image in television dramas, reality TV and K-pop, and in-depth interviews with media and beauty practitioners, this article explains how Korean stars and celebrities employ skin beauty as somatechnics in five ways to: deliver romantic narratives; express a fantasy-like persona; attain extraordinariness; embody trans-Asian sensitivity; and negotiate femininity. This study reveals that mibaek allows stars and celebrities to present their bodies in particular ways, including via fan labour, to be desired by audiences. The study concludes by suggesting more areas for further inquiry on the construction of skin beauty in the Korean star industry.


Side-chain liquid crystalline ionomer (SLCI) containing sulfonic acid groups with a polymethylhydrosiloxane main-chain was used in the blends of polypropylene (PP) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) as a compatibilizer. The crystalline behavior, morphological, and mechanical properties of the blends were investigated in detail by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscope (POM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Revealed by the shift of Tm in DSC thermogram and the shift of the absorbed peak in FTIR spectra, specific interaction led to stronger interfacial adhesion between these phases, which resulted in much finer dispersion of the minor PBT phase in PP matrix. The SLCI containing sulfonate acid groups acted as physical crosslinking agent along the interface, which compatibilized PP/PBT blends. The mechanical property of the blends including 4 wt % SLCI contents was better than that of other SLCI contents in the blends. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009


Savings from lower sevoflurane use may be because lower flows were used but exact flows were not measured so as to replicate normal clinical practice. As the colour change of dessicated Amsorb® is more reliable than soda lime, canister changes were limited to as required compared with recommendations to change soda lime on fixed days. As Amsorb® is inert it is disposed in domestic waste. Although Amsorb® does not produce toxic by-products such as formaldehyde, there was no dif ference in the number of patients with headache (4 & 7) and PONV (13 & 14) with Amsorb® and soda lime, respectively. However these endpoints were not the primary outcome of this study. All anaesthesiologist surveyed reported that Amsorb® was safe to use, easy to dispose of and required less canister changes. Conclusion: In a prospective cross-over study we demonstrated Amsorb® to be a suitable cost ef ficient alternative to soda lime in everyday clinical practice.


We describe detailed analysis and optimization of the photopumped organic polymer distributed Bragg reflector laser having polymer grating fabricated using a replica molding method, which is an imprinting technology often called "soft lithography", whose advantage is much less damage to materials. After the optimization, the laser oscillation threshold of only 0.6 μJ/cm2 was achieved. This threshold is comparable to that of organic DFB lasers with a quartz grating precisely fabricated using photolithography and dry etching. While glass was used as a substrate in this study, plastic substrates are also available. In near future, flexible low-threshold organic laser will be demonstrated.


CMV can cause life-threatening disease in immunodeficient hosts. Experimental infection in mice has revealed that the genetically determined natural resistance to murine CMV (MCMV) may be mediated either by direct recognition between the NK receptor Ly49H and the pathogen-encoded glycoprotein m157 or by epistatic interaction between Ly49P and the host MHC H-2D k . Using stocks of wild-derived inbred mice as a source of genetic diversity, we found that PWK/Pas (PWK) mice were naturally resistant to MCMV. Depletion of NK cells subverted the resistance. Analysis of backcrosses to susceptible BALB/c mice revealed that the phenotype was controlled by a major dominant locus effect linked to the NK gene complex. Haplotype analysis of 41 polymorphic markers in the Ly49h region suggested that PWK mice may share a common ancestral origin with C57BL/6 mice; in the latter, MCMV resistance is dependent on Ly49H-m157 interactions. Nevertheless, PWK mice retained viral resistance against m157-defective mutant MCMV. These results demonstrate the presence of yet another NK cell-dependent viral resistance mechanism, named Cmv4 , which most likely encodes for a new NK activating receptor. Identification of Cmv4 will expand our understanding of the specificity of the innate recognition of infection by NK cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 176: 5478–5485.


The focus of this study was the extent to which physical aggression and, to a lesser extent, verbal conflict predict relationship dissolution in a national sample. Data were from a 5- to 7-year follow-up of 3,508 married and cohabiting couples in the National Survey of Families and Households. Controlling for demographic factors and verbal conflict, male violence significantly elevated the risk of disruption between waves. Female violence was not a predictor of disruption. Much of the effect of male violence was accounted for by its association with reduced relationship quality. The impact of male violence did not appear to differ according to the female partner's socioeconomic resources or whether couples were in formal or informal unions.


The comparative effectiveness of an aversive stimulus, withholding of resources, withdrawal of love, and reasoning, when used alone and combined with praise, was assessed in a standard laboratory punishment paradigm using 120 first-grade and second-grade boys and girls as subjects. Resistance to deviation and stability of resistance to deviation were used as the measures of punishment effectiveness. Sex of child, use of praise, and type of punisher were combined in a 2 X 2 X 5 factorial design, with a female as the punitive agent. An aversive stimulus appeared to produce more suppression of deviant behavior, but the effect was not significant for all response measures. The stability of the deviant response pattern varied for each punisher, but the most stable response pattern resulted from the use of an aversive stimulus. Neither use of praise nor sex of child significantly influenced punisher effectiveness. The results were discussed within the framework of anxiety arousal and information content of the punishers. The practice of grouping various punishers under the categories of sensitization and induction measures also was considered.


A simplified and very effective equivalent network model of a one dimensional Photonic Band Gap (1D-PBG) microstrip line for the harmonic tuning of Active Integrated Antenna (AIA) amplifiers is proposed in this paper. A parametric analysis of the transmission line reflection and transmission features is also presented showing the dependence of the stopband characteristics on the main geometrical parameters. Finally, the main effects of the proposed PBG filter in an AIA amplifier design are pointed out including harmonic tuning and output power increase.


This research used Classroom Action Research (CAR) to improved students' vocabulary mastery at sixth grade students of SD Negeri 007 Bangun Purba. There were 32 students, they were 16 males and 16 females. In this research used two cycles. In this research, the researcher would like improved students' vocabulary used scrabble. According to the research could be knows that the students' average score improved from first cycle to the second cycle. According to the last test knows that the average score in the first cycle was 64.63. While, in the second cycle become 77.34. Based on the result, the researcher concluded that teaching vocabulary used scrabble could be improved students' vocabulary at sixth grade students of SD Negeri 007 Bangun Purba


Indonesia has the potential in the field of creative economics especially animation. Although its contribution to GDP is only 0.17%, the film, animation & video sub-sector is among the three sub-sectors with the highest growth of 10.09%. The least contribution to GDP is because the animation industry ecosystem has not been well developed. One of the steps that can be taken to build an animation industry ecosystem is learning from the animation industry that is considered successful. "Si Juki The Movie Panitia Hari Akhir" widescreen animation is considered as successful animation because it is able to become box office animation by breaking the number of spectators' record for Indonesian-produced widescreen animations and has a complete journey like anime.The purpose of this study is to map the core business of widescreen animation industrial ecosystem "Si Juki The Movie Panitia Hari Akhir". This study uses qualitative research methods with a case study approach. Data collection uses literature studies, interviews and audio videos. From this research it is known that in Si Juki The Movie widescreen animation ecosystem, core business consists of "Faza" as Si Juki's IP creator, "Falcon Picture" as the producer and "Kumata Animation Studio" as the studio that produces Si Juki The Movie widescreen animation. Each core business builds a broader partnership called extended enterprise. The results of "Si Juki's The Movie Panitia Hari Akhir" animation movie ecosystem analysis can developed into a animation movie industrial ecosystem model.


Objective
To describe the patients' satisfaction with multimodal analgesia management after total knee arthroplasty.

Methods
110 patients with total knee arthroplasty selected from February 2013 to February 2014 were recruited to complete a questionnaire, which was composed of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) , the Houston Pain Outcome Instrument (HPOI), and the Scale of Perceptions of Patients' Pain.

Results
VAS scores at different times were ranged from (2.14±1.21) points to (1.19±0.62) points, mean rating for general satisfaction with pain management was 80.04% (136.06/170.00), satisfaction with education on pain control was only 63.20% (37.92/60.00). Patients with different age and educational level of satisfaction with pain control had significant differences (P<0.05). Patients who thought relieving pain was harmful was 56.4% (62/110), the patients who did not understand the impact of pain on the body was 62.7% (69/110), the patients who did not understand the common methods of analgesia was 59.1% (65/110), the patients who did not understand the adverse reactions of pain measures was 63.6% (70/110).

Conclusions
Patients' satisfaction with the analgesic effect of multimodal analgesia is higher after total knee arthroplasty, while satisfaction with education on pain control was lower. Nurses should strengthen health education to patients with total knee arthroplasty about knowledgement of multimodal analgesia.

Key words:
Total knee arthroplasty; Pain; Multimodal analgesia management; Satisfaction


A method is described for calculation of the optical constants (the refractive index, extinction coefficient, absorption coefficient, and normal‐incidence reflectivity) of Si and Ge in the entire range of photon energies (0–0.6 eV). The imaginary part of the dielectric function [e2(ω)] is derived first from the joint‐density‐of‐states functions at energies of various critical points (CPs) in the Brillouin zone; then its real part [e1(ω)] is obtained analytically using the Kramers–Kronig relation. The indirect‐band‐gap transitions are also assumed to provide a gradually increasing absorption spectrum expressed by a power law of (ℏω−EIDg)2, where ℏω is the photon energy and EIDg is the indirect‐band‐gap energy. The optical dispersion relations are expressed in terms of these model dielectric functions. The present model reveals distinct structures in the optical data at energies of the E0, E0+Δ0 [three‐dimensional (3D) M0 critical point (CP)], E1, E1+Δ1 [3D M1 or two‐dimensional (2D) M0 CP], E2 [a mixture o...


ABSTRACT Jobs within the military and in civil society differ in character and requirements. It is assumed that differences in job types both within civil and military domains require different dimensions of adaptability competency. The present study investigates this assumption. The Dutch Adaptability Dimensions And Performance Test (D-ADAPT) was used to measure both the adaptability demands of jobs, and of self-assessed adaptability competency of employees. In addition, the predictive value of certain personality traits (openness, neuroticism, and conscientiousness) and other relevant personal characteristics (cognitive flexibility, learning goal orientation) on various adaptability dimensions was explored. Military personnel were found to estimate their adaptability competency as higher than civilians did. With respect to the civilian jobs, the adaptability demands varied across job types. This was not found in the set of military jobs, possibly due to a smaller variety of jobs included. This study also shows that a variety of personal characteristics predict different dimensions of adaptability. Cognitive flexibility was found to be the best predictor for adaptability in general. Openness turned out to be a good predictor within the civilian group, whereas neuroticism was a better predictor within the military group. Results of this study contribute to a better understanding of work adaptability and influencing personality characteristics. Practical implications for selection and training of personnel can be derived, based on the acquisition of adaptability competency that matches the type of job.


The present invention has been in the Web server, when the client terminal the web server connected on the transparent gateway and method for an IP address vitrification process to show that the IP address of the client terminal, a connection to the second node from the first node IP address vitrification method according to the invention in which mediation gateway to be written to the log of the second node the IP address of the first node, the method comprising: receiving a service request from the first node; The step of retrieving the IP address of the first node in the received service request and stored in the shared memory, and for outputting by setting the IP address of the gateway as source IP address and process the received service request according to the TCP / IP protocol; Further comprising: an output service request, hooking (Hooking); And by replacing the source IP address of the hooking the service request to the IP address of the first node are stored in the shared memory and sending to the second node; it characterized in that it comprises a. According to the present invention, an IP address of the client terminal on the Web server to identify the client connection status. Gateway, TCP / IP, transparent, web server, logs, IP addresses, substituted


The LMS (least mean square) and conjugate-gradient window (CGW) algorithms are considered for use in digital equalizers. The equalizer with implementation of the CGW algorithm is shown to require more computation, but the convergence is faster and the equalizer can be used in worse conditions. The simulation results are encouraging. The implementation of the CGW method for multilevel quadrature modulation is noted.<<ETX>>


THIS CHAPTER DESCRIBES THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MAPREDUCE, a programming system for large-scale data processing problems. MapReduce was developed as a way of simplifying the development of large-scale computations at Google. MapReduce programs are automatically parallelized and executed on a large cluster of commodity machines. The runtime system takes care of the details of partitioning the input data, scheduling the program's execution across a set of machines, handling machine failures, and managing the required intermachine communication. This allows programmers without any experience with parallel and distributed systems to easily utilize the resources of a large distributed system.


In this paper, we introduce the concept of an intuitionistic fuzzy graph structure (IFGS). We discuss certain notions, including intuitionistic fuzzy Bi-cycles, intuitionistic fuzzy Bi-trees and φ-complement of an intuitionistic fuzzy graph structure with several examples. We also present φ-complement of an intuitionistic fuzzy graph structure along with self-complementary and strong self-complementary intuitionistic fuzzy graph structures.


INFORMATION management is integral to clinical practice. Clinicians and patients interact within a complex information matrix. The physician is an information manager who acquires, processes, stores, retrieves, and applies information related to (1) individual patient history and clinical course, (2) diagnostic and therapeutic protocols, (3) disease patterns in patient populations, (4) functioning of the health care system, and (5) the vast store of published knowledge. Little occurs in the clinical encounter that is not in some way related to obtaining, processing, or applying information. Optimal performance of clinical informational tasks has for years exceeded the cognitive capability of the human mind; the physician-patient interaction is an individual, handcrafted activity of uneven quality. The facts of the clinical history depend on the patient's often inadequate recall, the physician's intuitive problem-solving strategies, the time and emotional constraints of the interview, and an archaic record system. Diagnosis is an uncertain science, reflecting the


In Saskatchewan, Double-crested Cormorants (hereafter cormorants) nest in colonies on lakes in the southern Prairie and central Boreal Plain ecozones. The largest known Saskatchewan cormorant colonies (e.g., Primrose Lake, Dore Lake, and Lavallee Lake) are found on highly productive lakes in the Boreal Plain (Fig. 1); however, a previously undocumented large colony (which we describe here) on Egg Lake southwest of La Ronge (see cover photo), is at the northern limit of the Boreal Plain ecozone. In addition, in 2009 we surveyed four breeding colonies of cormorants on Lac La Ronge, which is beyond their historically documented breeding range in Saskatchewan. All colonies are on small islands located some distance from the nearest mainland (Table 1).


The growing income inequalities along with lack of access to education and health in developing economies have resulted in economic and social restlessness which eventually shifted the attention of policymakers from growth objectives to inclusive economic development. This study constructs an index for inclusive development using UNDP's (2011) human development index approach. Furthermore, this study analyzes the role of the financial and physical infrastructure to fight against disparities in income distribution and providing access to education and health thereby enabling the economy to move along the road that leads to inclusive development. The findings of this paper imply that physical infrastructure and financial development positively affect inclusive development. Thus, there is a need to promote investment in financial services and physical infrastructure to foster inclusive economic development. Keywords: Physical Infrastructure, Financial Issue, Inclusive development, Pakistan.


The case for 21st century government success continues unabated; impatient stakeholders are more demanding; people, process, and content are profoundly impacted; opportunity is rampant, but so is risk and complexity; still, transformational e-government looks to leadership, integration, change, and innovation through enhanced project management. This chapter builds upon previous publications. There is another dimension to the transformational e-government navigation toolkit that coalesces with enhanced project management and creates a multi-dimensional approach to transformation; it is existential change leadership that focuses on human mindset behavior along with critical leadership, integration, change, and innovation.


In basic oxygen steelmaking foam overflow or slopping causes operational and environmental problems. In most steel plants however, slopping is neither detected nor recorded. In this paper a slop detection algorithm is presented, which is based on images taken by a CMOS camera aimed at the converter mouth. The proposed algorithm has accuracy and selectivity of 74% and 94% respectively, is relatively simple and can easily be used in on-line applications. When using this algorithm in the majority of the slopping batches, slopping is quickly detected and can be halted.


Amplified warming in the Arctic has likely increased the rate of landscape change and disturbances in northern high latitude regions. Satellite remote sensing is a valuable tool for monitoring natural and anthropogenic changes occurring in remote, northern high latitude environments over multiple time scales. It offers the potential to characterize the vegetation, land cover, hydrology, geomorphology and permafrost characteristics of the Arctic landscape and improve and improve our understanding of changes these ecosystems are undergoing due to effect of natural and anthropogenic climate change and changing disturbance regimes. Combined with ground based observations of ecological processes, remote sensing offers opportunities for upscaling the ground based measurements to better understand the larger landscape. In this dissertation research I have developed 1) new techniques for integration of remote sensing data set from a range of platforms with different spatial and temporal resolutions; 2) computationally efficient statistical and machine learning techniques to get ecological insights from large volumes of high dimensional remote sensing data; 3) methods to characterize and map vegetation characteristics at NGEE Arctic field sites in Alaska; and 4) techniques for identification and attribution of disturbance regimes in Alaska. In a close partnership with field ecologist, geospatial and machine learning techniques I have developed in this research has led to new insights and high resolution datasets of Arctic vegetation processes.


The investigation of pollen grain samples for characterization, classification and identification is still an analytical task that is both challenging and time-consuming, since it is mainly based on the morphological characteristics of the pollen grains. In order to develop approaches that are based on extensive molecular information and that lead to an automated classification, in this thesis, a combination of spectroscopic and spectrometric tools is discussed. It is already known that a fingerprint analysis of the chemical composition of pollen samples can be accomplished by Raman and infrared spectroscopies. Here, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of single pollen grains are successfully applied for the taxonomic classification of pollen samples. It is demonstrated that SERS provides several advantages compared to normal Raman scattering for pollen identification and reveals species-specific differences in the pollen phenome that display in the pollen cells. Specifically, classification and pre-selection of SERS spectra with artificial neural networks (ANN) are shown. MALDI-TOF MS of pollen samples yields fingerprints that can be assigned to glycoproteins. This is of crucial interest, since glycoproteins make up the majority of allergenic substances in pollen. A classification approach based on this molecular information is introduced. FTIR spectroscopy of single pollen grains for taxonomic classification has not been possible so far, since the pure absorption spectra are superimposed by scattering-based artifacts that change the characteristic fingerprints. Here, it is shown that this problem can be overcome using mathematical tools for data processing. Since pollen grains are highly complex biological particles that consist of many different biomolecules, the data from the different, complementary approaches should be combined. Classification, exploiting as much molecular information as possible is accomplished by the application of the multiblock method Consensus Principal Component Analysis (CPCA). In addition to the application for taxonomic classification, it is conceivable that spectroscopic and spectrometric data could also be used to investigate chemical changes caused by environmental influences. As a first example for such an application, cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) infected birch pollen are investigated and compared to samples from control plants. The results in this work indicate that spectroscopic and spectrometric methods are powerful analytical tools that may be useful for improved pollen investigation in different areas of research.


A regio- and stereoselective nickel-catalyzed reductive three-component cross-coupling of 1,3-butadiene with aldehydes and alkenyl triflates or bromides was realized. This protocol afforded a convenient approach to the synthesis of skipped diene compounds bearing various functionals and heterocyclic groups. The utility of this reaction was also demonstrated by scale-up preparation and diverse transformations.


When the impostor phenomenon collides with gender sidelining, the result is a false endorsement of inadequacy, which leads women to self sideline. This Article describes self sidelining as an experience emanating from two theories: impostor phenomenon and gender sidelining. It first discusses the "impostor phenomenon," a psychological construct that describes the inability of high-achieving women and men to internalize success. Second, it discusses "gender sidelining," a recent phenomenon in legal scholarship that describes the undermining of women's achievements as compared to men that is unactionable as legal discrimination. Finally, it suggests that when internal impostor feelings collide with external gender sidelining acts, self sidelining occurs. This paper characterizes self sidelining as women's false endorsement of inadequate feelings that when externally validated by male gender preference, cause women to consciously or subconsciously discipline themselves to forgo their professional advancement. Despite significant advances in legal theories and protections for traditionally diverse and underrepresented groups, there are still notable areas where the law is absent to balance injustices and compel inclusivity. Ultimately, this Article exposes the social harm of self sidelining, even absent adequate legal remedies, and urges its awareness and presence in the ongoing gender inequity discussion in the legal profession.