Salivary stones or Sialoliths are formation of calcareous deposits located in the parenchyma or ductal system of the salivary glands. Because of viscosity of the saliva and the long twisting course of the duct, most of them occur in the submandibular gland (80-90%). Submandibular stones are usually located in the duct (80-90%), of which 57% is located in the hilum and 34% is located in the distal duct. Ten percent of them are located in the gland itself [1, 2]. Approximately 59% of the stones range from 2.1 mm to 10 mm in diameter and 7.6% are larger than 15 mm [3]. Sialoliths can occur at any age, but most patients are in the third to sixth decade of life. Because the formation of stones requires a long time, salivary flow is faster in children and phosphate/calcium concentration is low in childhood, it is usually rarely reported in children [4, 5].


With the aim of developing a new bulk glassy alloy which can be applied to biomedical applications, we examined glass-forming ability and mechanical properties of Ni-free glassy alloys in Pd 5 0 - x Pt x Cu 3 0 P 2 0 system.As a result, the best glass-forming composition is located at Pd 3 5 Pt 1 5 Cu 3 0 P 2 0 , and the alloy can be formed into bulk glassy rods with diameters of up to at least 30mm by fluxed water quenching. For the bulk glassy alloy, fracture strength, fracture elongation and Young's modulus were measured to be 1590 MPa, 1.8% and 99.8 GPa, respectively, under a compressive stress and 1410 MPa, 1.7% and 83.0 GPa, respectively, under a tensile stress. These features of high glass-forming ability and good mechanical properties are expected to be used as biomedical materials.


This article discusses the basic problems connected with modelling the reliability of multiple-phased systems. Operation and maintenance of such systems is associated with execution of various tasks which together lead to the achievement of the final goal. Such systems include logistic and transport systems. Two types of models are discussed: synthetic models, which cover a system's entire operating life and models in which the particular phases are considered separately. As an example, a "k out of n" system is used with different k parameters for each phase. The advantages and disadvantages of three models are discussed: the "conservative" model which is based on an analysis of the block reliability model, a Markov model with fixed duration of each phase and a Markov model with random phase duration.


In recent years, as social and economic progress and living standard of people increases, increasing number of people has financial conditions to relax by travelling, but a host of major cultural tourist attractions are seriously damaged due to natural or human reasons, hence, we are constrained by offline and firsthand travelling experience. The high-speed development of internet technology and continuous improvement of computer software and hardware pave the way for the development and application of virtual reality technology, thus generating a kind of brand-new travelling that is appealed to young man. This article studies the combination of virtual reality technology and cultural tourism resources, taking Tangzha Ancient Town, the first industrial town of Nantong as the pilot.


Within the framework of the economic crisis at the end of the 20th century in Argentina, we find the "recuperated company" phenomenon, whereby the workers themselves, facing unemployment, decide to take the company in their own hands and manage production. Our research paper deals with the issues arising with this phenomenon, describing the struggle to win the company back as well as the changes that took place in the organisation of the work processes.


An English teacher's professional image is the upper and comprehensive research subjuct in the educational study of English teachers.There is ambiguity and unilateralism in understanding of the professional image of English teachers' due to the insufficiency of special research on English teachers' professional images,which will seriously restrict nicer professional image building and the development of specialization for English teachers.In order to afford some helpful consultation and reference for the professional image building of English teachers,this paper draws lessons from the Corporate Identity System(CIS) theory in operating management of modern corporation,and slightly explores and sketches the connotation,composing factors of CIS and the method of CIS design for the English teacher's professional image.


Lederberg wrote this memo to Caspersson requesting information on the Nobel Foundation's consideration of Avery in the
 1940s and 1950s, largely in reaction to Vivian Wyatt's 1972 article in "Nature."


Background: Several trials have compared (single chamber) ventricular pacing with dual chamber pacing. Dual chamber pacing is believed to have an advantage over ventricular pacing. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether patients with implanted pacemaker (PM) for complete atrioventricular block (AVB) gain significant benefit from dual chamber compared with single chamber ventricular demand. Design: The study was cross sectional parallel, all results were expressed as means (SD); a P value less than 0.05 were regarded as significant. Pair T - test was used to study all the variations. All data were processed with SPSS 18. Setting: Al-nasyria heart center, Dhyqar. Patients; sixty patients with high grade AVB who already underwent permanent pacemakers implant (single or dual chamber) were attending heart center for following up their devices. Methods: the patients completed a (within-patient) comparison of symptoms, clinical finding, programming data, and echocardiographic finding during long term dual (VDD, DDD) pacing and long term ventricular demand (VVI) pacing. Results: the study involved sixty patients, 23(38.3%) were males and 37(61.7%) were females. Thirty three (55%) patients had dual and twenty seven (45%) patients had single chamber PM. 36(60%) patients were hypertensive while 23.3(14%) patients were diabetic and the number of the smokers was only 7(11.7%). Majority of the patients from both groups lied within the age group (40-80y). The most common indication was complete heart block. The incidence of symptoms, systolic (but not diastolic) BP, and echocardiographic characteristics in both groups were parallel. Conclusion: In patients with advanced AVB, there was no superiority of dual over single chamber PM concerning symptoms, systolic (but not diastolic) BP, programming data, and echocardiographic characteristics.


Paper artifacts housed in various collections are all deteriorating. Unless we freeze them and keep them out of the light altogether, we can only hope to slow down this deterioration. The principal cause of paper deterioration is acid-catalysed hydrolysis: hydrolysis is encouraged by high temperatures, high RH, acid within the paper, acid coming from without, and high light levels with a high UV component. If we can lower the temperature, lower the RH and control acid formation as well as light levels, we will have taken a giant step toward halting hydrolysis. Once these four factors are under control, we must also keep our paper materials in acid-free storage containers.


In this paper, we study certain combinatorial expansions of descent polynomials by using the change of context-free grammars method. We provide a unified approach to study the gamma-positivity and the partial gamma-positivity of the descent polynomials of several combinatorial structures, including the descent polynomials of permutations, derangements, Stirling permutations, Legendre-Stirling permutations and Jacobi-Stirling permutations. Moreover, we study a group action on Stirling permutations and Jacobi-Stirling permutations due to Foata and Strehl.


Abstract The "pop-up exhibitrary," a variation on the pop-up library, merges the pop-up library concept with an interactive exhibit in a physical or digital space. The authors share details about producing pop-up exhibitraries as a viable collaborative outreach strategy. Developed in partnership between librarians at the University of Minnesota and staff at the University's campus performing arts center, Northrop, the pop-up exhibitrary serves the complementary goals of the library and the performing arts center to educate and entertain audiences. The authors offer suggestions for fostering partnerships that encourage connections, build relationships, and spark creative ways to promote libraries.


A sub population of human Muller glia contained within the neural retina is known to exhibit stem cell characteristics. Previous studies in the host laboratory have investigated their ability to differentiate into different retinal populations in vitro, providing a potential source of cells for development of therapies to treat retinal degenerative diseases. This study investigated molecular factors involved in differentiation of retina ganglion cells (RGCs) derived from human Muller stem cells. It also aimed to explore the feasibility of transplanting RGC derived from Muller stem cells into large mammalian eyes, using collagen based cellular scaffolds. These objectives ultimately aimed to study the potential application of Muller stem cells for treatment of late stage glaucoma. As determined by microarray analysis of total RNA specimens, in vitro culture of Muller stem cells undergoing Notch inhibition in the presence or absence of bFGF, led to alteration in microRNA (miRNA) profiles. These are short RNA molecules synthesised within cells that play a role in various cellular processes. MicroRNAs associated with Notch signalling, cell cycling and differentiation, were enriched in Muller cell populations undergoing Notch inhibition, conditions previously shown to induce RGC development. Elevated expression of these specific miRNAs suggests the emergence of novel targets under the regulation of the Notch pathway in Muller stem cells. These constitute factors that could be potentially used to develop therapies which facilitate endogenous neural differentiation of the latent Muller stem cell population in the human neural retina. Collagen based cellular scaffolds were developed to deliver RGCs derived from Muller stem cells onto the inner retina of the large mammalian eye. Collagen is a ubiquitous protein found within numerous tissues types, acting as a framework for cellular support and adhesion. Delivery of grafted cells onto retinal explants in vitro, and transplantation of scaffolds into the rabbit eye in vivo, was examined by confocal microscopy and showed that plastic compressed collagen scaffolds served as a potential suitable substrate for transfer of cells to the host retina. Integration was observed in some cases and rarely observed into host tissue, facilitated by degradation of the extracellular matrix by chondroitinase ABC and by the use of the anti-inflammatory agent triamcinolone in vivo. In conclusion, the present study showed that standardised protocols used to differentiate Muller stem cells into RGC promoted alterations in Muller stem cell miRNAs associated with RGC development and maturation. In addition, compressed collagen scaffolds were shown to aid delivery of RGCs onto the inner retinal surface. These observations pave the way for further investigations to promote endogenous retina regeneration and refinement of transplantation strategies to apply these cells to the development of human therapies.


This paper has been prepared to explain stability evaluation against sliding of Nuclear Reactor Building(R/B) during earthquake. Although R/B is supported directly on bedrock, dynamic earth pressure acting on R/B cannot be ignored in case of deeply embedded nuclear power buildings. Primarily, studies on R/B-surrounding soil interactions and effects of adjoining Turbine Building(T/B) were carried out using static design force derived from Japanese regulations[1][2]. Secondly, studies on adaptability of static design force were carried out by 3-dimensional dynamic analysis using artificial design seismic wave. From these studies, it can be concluded that 3dimensional R/B-surrounding soil interactions affects strongly on earth pressure. And analyses using static design force were conservative


Jeremy Blaustein's liberal translation of Metal Gear Solid (1998) was a critical creative intercession which helped facilitate the successful localization and positive reception – in the west – of a crucial early project in the development of 3d games. It can also be seen as an unacceptable liberty taken with a carefully produced script, one which too often puts the needs of a western ear ahead of faithfulness to the original. Walter Benjamin's essay 'The Task of the Translator' and its inheritors in translation studies offer a definition of translation and its utility with which one can justify such a creative intervention as a necessary continuation in the life cycle of the original work and an honest interpretation of the game's paratextual environment; in the localization of Metal Gear Solid Blaustein performed the task of the translator as Benjamin conceived it.


The article deals with the education environment creation in the context of European integration. Special role is paid to comparative education as an instrument of comparison of educational systems and educational quality.


Although the two Canadian National Breast Screening Study (CNBSS) trials were performed 40 years ago, their negative findings continue to heavily influence screening policies around the world. These policies, based on underestimates of the mortality reduction attributable to mammography particularly for women in the 40–49-year age range, contribute to increased mortality and morbidity from breast cancer. This review summarizes principles of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and evaluates the compliance of the CNBSS1 and CNBSS2 RCTs in the context of these principles. We describe the fundamental flaws of the CNBSS trials, which failed to demonstrate mortality benefit of screening mammography and contribute to their being the only two outlier studies of eight screening mammography RCTs. The most significant flaws of the trials are (1) inadequate power to detect significant differences in breast cancer mortality; (2) very poor quality mammography with low sensitivity and cancer detection rates; (3) inclusion of women with symptoms of breast cancer; and (4) study design that allowed for violation of the randomization of the allocation process. Finally, we demonstrate that the conditions of the screening intervention in the CNBSS do not reflect the environment of modern population-based screening mammography programs.


Objective To investigate the needs for professional degree on the graduate nursing education in China,and develop the setting program and mentoring training program.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate all the teachers who were responsible for nursing education in the college(department) of nursing throughout the country.Results All the experts agreed to set professional degree on the graduate nursing education.The 80.6 percent of the experts thought that the name should be"master of nursing specialist".As a result,90.3 percent of the experts thought that the setting objectives should improve the education of nursing personnel,train clinical nurse specialist,and promote the development of nursing profession;90.3 percent of the experts thought that training objective should cultivate high-level,application type, compound talents who were integrated developed on the moral,intellectual and physical aspects.Conclusions The setting of master of nursing specialist corresponds with the nursing professional development and the economic and social needs.The mentoring training program should be constantly improved and perfected on the basis of investigation during the practice.


A clinical diagnosis of hypertrophic emphysema was made. Shortly before death his dyspnea became more marked and he complained of chest pain. Respirations became shallow and rapid, and the symptoms were not relieved by oxygen administration. He expired on November 26, 1954. i6 to i5.5 gm. per ioo ml. of blood. The hematocrit varied from 6o to 53 per cent on successive determinations. The C02-combining power was 56 volumes per cent and serumn chlorides, 90 mEq./L Clinical diagnoses of pulmonary emphysema with silicosis, cor pulmonale with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and ventricular premature contractions, and secondary polycythemia were made. The patient was treated with bed rest, oxygen adminis-tration, and repeated phlebotomy. He was discharged from the hospital for a brief period, but was re-admitted in March, I956, because of increasing dyspnea. At that time all laboratory studies were essentially the same as on his previous admis-sion. The serum chlorides were 87.5 mEq./L and the non-protein nitrogen 37 mg. per cent. Because of a total serum protein of 5.7 gm. per IOO ml. with 3.3 gm. of albumin and 24 gin. of globulin, phlebotomy was discontinued. He was treated with oxygen, but the dyspnea became more severe. The patient deteriorated steadily and expired on May I5, I956.


Hospital personnel face challenges in providing care for bariatric patients. They can plan care by following a protocol such as the one described in this article. Key components, essential team members, and the process of development are identified.


Abstract:Highlighting the nexus between the Islamic Republic's strategic culture and behavior, this article argues that Iran's clerical leadership is ideological in its orientation but has always demonstrated tactical nous and pragmatism. Domestically, it pursues Islamification in conformity with Khomeinism. Regionally, it fosters conditions that might force the United States and its European allies out of the Middle East and oblige local governments to seek accommodation. Its network of regional affiliates and proxies are primarily tools of deterrence to safeguard the regime. Nevertheless, Tehran has a penchant for opportunistically promoting regional instability and arming substate actors to ensnare adversaries in protracted conflicts. Its interventionist proclivities are also borne out of domestic exigencies. Paradoxically, the regime compensates for its diminishing legitimacy by becoming even more aggressive at home and adventurous abroad. There are growing signs, however, that the Islamic Republic's strategic culture may be its undoing.


Tropical montane rain forest was the zonal vegetation of north edge of tropics of Puwen. Through surveying the secondary forest and artificial stand which was ecologically related to the tropical montane rain forest, the specific composition, community structure, community ecological features and ecological series relations of tropical montane rain forest was analyzed and studied. The role of montane rain forest on local communities and dynamic change were analyzed, the community succession and approaches to recovering montane rain forest was studied as well.


A cobalt complex catalyzed tandem conversion of nitrile to N-methylated amide is described using a methanol and water mixture. Using this protocol, several nitriles were directly and efficiently co...


Traditional Chinese medicine fasting therapy is a new, safe and effective clinical therapy. Because it can reduce weight and insulin resistance and alleviate diabetes symptoms, it can be used to treat type 2 diabetes with obesity, metabolic syndrome and other diseases. To promote people's understanding of traditional Chinese medicine fasting therapy, this case report reports the treatment process of a patient with type 2 diabetes who underwent traditional Chinese medicine fasting therapy, and discusses the efficacy and some adverse reactions.


The fracture features and microstructure of burst 15MnHP steel bottle were observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and optical microscope.Research results showed that the burst of the steel bottle was caused mainly by typical phosphorus segregation band existing in the steel.


Fish protein concentrate (FPC) is a healthy and highly nutritive product produced hygienically from fishes in which, protein and other nutrients are more concentrated than fresh fishes. In the present study an attempt was made to study the functional properties of FPC derived from ribbon fish, Lepturacanthus savala were investigated in HDPE packaging materials and their shelf-life. The changes in chemical analysis of FPC powder prepared by Canadian process and stored at room temperature were investigated. Moisture content was increased in the range from 10.78 to 12.72 per cent, whereas the ash content was decreased in the range from 1.87 to 1.08 per cent, protein content was decreased in the range from 86.80 to 83.04 per cent and also, the fat content was decreased in the range from 0.55 to 0.40 per cent during the storage period of 180 days. The changes in functional properties of FPC powder prepared by Canadian process stored at room temperature were also investigated. The viscosity was decreased in the range from 114.00 to 100.00cP; solubility was decreased in the range from 88.92 to 83.78 per cemt, emulsification capacity was decreased in the range from 67.66 to 65.08 per cent, emulsification stability was decreased in the range from 58.84 to 56.02 per cent foaming capacity was decreased in the range from 42.50 to 32.64 per cent foaming stability was decreased in the range from 26.50 to 22.56 per cent gelation was decreased in the range from 26.50 to 20.25g. cm and also, the water holding capacity was decreased in the range from 4.27 to 3.86ml/g during the storage period of 180 days. The TPC (Total Plate Count) of the FPC powder showed increasing trend throughout the shelf-life study. The TPC of the FPC powder in storage at ambient temperature was increased from 0.42x10 2 to 1.48x10 3 cfu/g. As per microbiological quality of FPC extracted from ribbon fish, TPC value was within the acceptable limit during storage period of 180 days. The sensory qualities of FPC powder during storage at ambient temperature for 180 days were observed. For the FPC powder gradual reduction in the scores were observed with increase in the storage period. But, during storage period the sensory evaluation score indicated that the FPC extracted from ribbon fish was within the acceptable limit.


Development for power system voltage stability region(PSVSR),a static voltage security assessment software package,is presented in this paper.Based on a novel power system stability analysis method named "security region",PSVSR will give electric engineers global and symmetric information about system voltage stability and thermal limits via friendly visualization interface under normal and contingency operating condition.PSVSR has been implemented in Visual C++ on Windows environment.It is constructed with three layers: user interface layer,kernel computation program layer and background support layer.Such structure makes PSVSR more robust,stable and expandable.The characteristic and performance of the developed program has been tested with EPRI 2000-bus test system.


In NianLuJiao ?KunLun , MaoZedong merged the KunLun mythology with the philosophy of "one divides into three" creatively , which brings not only sharp reproduction and striking imagination but artistic manifestation to NianLuJiao ?KunLun , and then it expresses the political theme of "combating imperialism".


Parietaria rechingeri (Urticaceae) is described as a new record to the Flora of Turkey (C9, Şirnak). Detailed morphological description, photographs and distribution map of this new record has been given in this article.


The steam blowing is introduced for HRSGs of a 700 MW-class combined gas-steam cycle unit with multi-shaft arrangement in present paper.The two HRSGs are blew separately to simplify the operation,and three systems for each HRSG are blew respectively due to the pressure differences of the high,middle and low pressure systems.The combination of dropping-pressure and steady-pressure methods is employed,which could enhance the blowing result.And the temporary system for steam blowing reduces the blowing expense and workload.The measures are provided and the blowing steps are discussed in detail to avoid the overhigh thermal stress among the temporary pipes,and some issues during blowing are also analyzed,which could be helpful and referenced for the similar units.


In order to overcome the disadvantages of the low registration accuracy and the computational complexity of traditional algorithms,a new sub-pixel registration algorithm based on combination of curved surface fitting method and gradient method was proposed. Firstly,curved surface fitting method based on 9 correlation coefficients was used to achieve the image rough registration. Secondly,subimages were extracted from the reference images according to a predefined selection method. At last,gradient method based on the rough registration was proposed to achieve the accurate sub-pixel registration. Test results among experimental images with different translational relations show that the new algorithm has the advantages of both curved surface fitting method and gradient method,and greatly improves the accuracy of image sub-pixel registration. The maximum absolute error of registration accuracy is reduced from 0. 17 pixel to 0. 02 pixel.


Ever since chaos gave way to order in this universe, ever since man took birth in this world, there has been an attempt to limit, to draw boundaries every where. Nature is ruled by its laws. Man sought to rule nature and his brethren by making (and many times by breaking) his own laws. Borders and boundaries were drawn to divide nation from nation and man from man. Efforts were then made to define the territories of the body by creating geographical boundaries. Similarly, attempts were made to draw invisible boundaries between the various faiths of men and thus various religions came into existence. The territories of the mind were defined. Human beings were expected to remain within the set boundaries and be faithful to their respective barriers. This paper attempts to analyze two novels by A.J. Cronin and examine how the territories of the mind and body are crossed over by their protagonists in their attempts to create a newer and wider world of humanity.


Compassion, as a typical altruistic social preference, can explain the phenomenon of cooperation to a certain extent. However, compassion is conditional in reality, and it can only be triggered under certain conditions. Based on this observation, we introduce a kind of reputation-based compassion mechanism in spatial public goods games. We set a proportion of individuals in the population as being compassionate, and only individuals with relatively low payoffs and not too low reputations may receive sympathy from other individuals who are compassionate in the group. We find that compared with randomly selecting individuals who are compassionate, individuals in the top rank of payoff or reputation being compassionate are more likely to promote cooperation; in this case, even if one percent of individuals in the population are compassionate, the level of cooperation can be significantly improved. The higher the payoff redistribution ratio, the higher the cooperative rate in the population. By classifying individuals and comparing their payoffs before and after compassion, we find that most of the payoff redistribution occurs at the boundary of the cooperator clusters. The reduction of payoff gaps affects the strategy imitation, that is, the possibility of low-payoff individuals imitating the strategies of high-payoff individuals can be increased. These results expand our understanding of conditional compassion in promoting cooperation.


Web has influenced the form of software applications. These web applications are generally difficult to distribute by novice users since their usage was restricted to the network based massive servers which has many server modules requiring difficult configurations. However, web applications became widespread and used in daily basis from simple utility programs to PIMS. This paper proposes a web application model and distribution method for portable web applications to adapt to current trends. The most salient features of the method are click & run interface for installing, configuring, and executing web applications, and offline execution by providing a web server, a DBMS on movable disks such as USB memory sticks. The method has been verified by developing a simple application platform and package builder supporting applications written in Ruby and PHP.


W ING-IN-GROUND-EFFECT vehicles operate close to the water or ground surface by using an air cushion between the wing and the surface. Due to the air cushion, lift augmentation and drag reduction are considerable compared to an out-of-ground-effect vehicle and enhance the lift-to-drag ratio. These phenomena have been observed during takeoff and landing since the 1900s [1]. Studies have shown that the ground has a significant influence on pressure distributions along a wing's surface. The speed of the oncoming air gradually decreases under the lower wing surface, and the dynamic pressure changes in to static pressure. This eventual increase in pressure is known as a ground effect, which requires a longer runway to land. Conversely, there is another significant aerodynamic effect that is unlike the ground effect. The inverted wing of a racing car operates near the ground at typical heights of 70–100 mm from the ground and produces an extreme downforce. The downforceworks in conjunction with the mechanical grip to improve the acceleration, braking, and cornering [2]. The vortices shedding from thewing tip have a substantial amount of energy for several miles behind a large vehicle and are of sufficient strength to cause control loss or structural damage to other vehicles following closely [3]. Despite the optimized airfoils for a wing-inground-effect vehicle, the oncoming air does not stagnate under the lower-wing surface properly when the angle of attack is lower than the critical angle (or negative) [4], and the vehicle loses its height and contacts the surface due to negative lift. A racing car with a wing above the critical angle of attack loses its grip force (downforce) and eventually flips. In this study, the behavior of the wing tip vortex and the aerodynamic characteristics of the ground and Venturi effects are closely investigated. Interestingly, a rectangular wing with a symmetric airfoil section clearly shows two different aerodynamic characteristics (ground andVenturi effects), and the trajectories of the wing tip vortex are remarkably altered according to the angle of attack. II. Numerical Methods


The aim of this paper is to investigate the determinants and consequences of customer satisfaction in hotel industry in Iran. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling have been utilized with information provided by a survey conducted in Iran (Kish Island).Results indicate that perceived value has a significant impact on customer satisfaction in hotel industry. Moreover, there is an strong positive relationship between image and perceived quality, image and perceived value, and also perceived quality and Perceived value. Based on the Results, no direct relationship has been detected between perceived quality and customer satisfaction, and also between customer expectation and customer satisfaction in hotel industry. In addition, Results showed that increased customer satisfaction will lead to an increase in customer loyalty. However, there is no strong negative relationship between customer satisfaction and complaining behavior. Findings provide more evidence on important determinants and results of customer satisfaction. Moreover this study is among the first studies conducted in hotel industry in Iran-Kish Island.


Preface 1. Early life in Stolzenberg and Elbing 2. Composition of the palace band 3. The first public testimonial 4. Another increase of salary 5. The illness of Sir M. Costa 6. Manns' 70th birthday celebrations 7. Reasons for the decline in popularity of Saturday Concerts 8. Reminiscences of Manns Appendix.


ABSTRACT In this paper, three types of hybrid monopiles are proposed for 3MW OWTs in offshore areas where the batholith is shallowly buried. Three-dimensional FE models are established considering the soil-structure-interaction (SSI) to calculate the bearing performances of these monopiles. Model verification is conducted through comparisons with existing numerical results. The static bearing performance and dynamic character under the serviceability limit state (SLS) in silty sand and normally consolidated (NC) clay are investigated. In the static analysis, we focus on the lateral deflection and the rotation at the mudline, whereas in the modal analysis, we focus on the natural frequencies of the OWTs. Results show that the circular skirt performs better than square fins in improving the bearing performance of traditional monopiles, and the improving effect increases with the length of the additional components. In addition, the improving effect is more obvious in NC clay than in silty sand.


This study reports the heterogenization of metallocene catalysts on sodium dodecyl sulfate (DDS)‐modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for efficient ethylene–propylene (EP) slurry‐phase copolymerization. The LDH support offers considerable compositional tunability. NiFe LDHs with different anions () and metallic compositions are applied as support for the metallocene catalysts; these significantly influence the catalytic properties of the heterogenized catalyst system. The supported‐catalyst intercalating DDS− anion in the galleries of NiFe and ZnAl LDHs demonstrates a high catalytic activity. They produce EP copolymers with high molecular weights (Mw) and wide polydispersity, compared with the homogeneous Zr catalyst. Further, the supported catalyst complex containing anion produces EP with a tenfold high Mw and demonstrate subdued catalytic activity. The higher basicity of the support is associated with the enhanced activity and the wider polydispersity of the EP pertaining to the different interactions of the catalyst molecule with the support. Overall, Ni‐containing LDH favors a higher activity, whereas Fe‐containing LDH favors a higher Mw. Therefore, NiFe‐based LDH results in both higher activity and molecular weight. 13C and 27Al magnetic angle spinning solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance confirm the formation of the supported catalyst complex.


Electron trapping and detrapping mechanisms on Na+ ions near the Si‐SiO2 interface of metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) structures and the location of these captured electrons were studied as a function of temperature from 77° to 296 °K. Capacitance‐voltage and photocurrent‐voltage techniques have been used to show directly that the charge neutralization on the Na+ ions takes place spatially in the immediate vicinity of the ions near the Si‐SiO2 interface. Experiments reported here indicated that Na+ ions neutralized at 77 °K by electron capture do not become charged again even under negative voltage stressing conditions if the sample is heated to 296 °K. This applies if the initial areal density of Na+ ions near the Si‐SiO2 interface is less than ≊3.7×1012 cm−2. For densities greater than ≊3.7×1012 cm−2, Na+ motion back to the Al‐SiO2 interface under negative voltage bias can be observed due to incomplete neutralization. Other experiments have shown that the electron capture process on Na+ related sites (w...


* Language and education are two enormous areas of inquiry, so to tackle both fields in a fair and comprehensive manner, even within a multivolume encyclopedia, is a daunting task. Corson, the general editor of this eight-volume publication, has bravely accepted this challenge in the Encyclopedia of Language and Education. Each volume is hardbound, handsomely printed, and coedited by a scholar whose specialty is the focus of that particular issue. As can be seen by the names of the topics and the individual coeditors, this encyclopedia is wide-ranging and, in general, well represented. Volume 1, coedited by Ruth Wodak, deals with language policy and political issues; Volume 2 looks at literacy and is coedited by Viv Edwards; Volume 3 covers oral discourse and education and is coedited by Bronwyn Davies; Volume 4, coedited by G. Richard Tucker, examines L2 education; Volume 5, coedited by Jim Cummins, takes up bilingual education; Volume 6 focuses on knowledge about language and is coedited by Leo van Lier; Volume 7, coedited by Caroline Clapham, studies language testing and assessment; and the final volume covers research methods and is coedited by Nancy Hornberger. The volumes are each about the same length, ranging between 250 and 378 pages, and each book follows a similar format and contains between 22 and 30 short articles. Altogether there are more than 200 articles written by approximately 230 scholars from around the world although the vast majority of the contributors come from the U.S., Europe, and Canada. Each volume contains a subject and name index, and the final volume has a useful cumulative index where a reader can readily access references to any topic or author cited within any volume. In his introduction to the series, Corson notes that the unifying perspective for all the authors is "an interest in the practice and theory of education itself' (p. vii). This brief observation hints at a prominent though implicit theme that pervades this series-a concern with critical theory. In the cumulative index, there are 40 separate entries citing this viewpoint, and over 100 citations for these entries are listed among the eight volumes. This interest in critical pedagogy has tended to prevent a ill derive many ideas for desig ing conte t-based reading-writing our es and for guidi ethnographic and class oom-oriented research.


This article regards a problem that is not covered to a satisfactory extend in the methodological literature – problem related to the children asking questions independently at the primary school level as a method of the analytical work on a literary text. The students are involved in a particular dialogue situation where special attention is placed on the interactive aspect of the communication. The methodological way of development of the skill of asking questions independently is pointed out. This approach is regarded in two aspects: first, analysis of ready-to-use questions, prepared by the teacher or by the authors of the textbook; and second, work on independent preparation of questions. The typology questions stimulate the transmission of the skills in a different educational situation (a new literary work).


With the continuous development of large-scale aluminum reduction cells, the problem of the uniform distribution of alumina concentration in the cell has become more and more serious for the reduction process. In order to achieve the uniform distribution of the alumina concentration, a data-driven distributed subspace predictive control feeding strategy is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the aluminum reduction cell is divided into multiple sub-systems that affect each other according to the position of the feeding port. Based on the subspace method, the prediction model of the whole cell is identified, and the prediction output expression of each sub-system is deduced by decomposition. Secondly, the feeding controller is designed for each aluminum reduction cell subsystem, and the input and output information can be exchanged between each controller through the network. Thirdly, under consideration of the influence of other subsystems, each subsystem solves the Nash-optimal control feeding quantity, so that each subsystem realizes distributed feeding. Finally, the simulation results show that, compared with the traditional control method, the proposed distributed feeding control strategy can significantly improve the problem of the uniform distribution of alumina concentration and improve the current efficiency of the aluminum reduction cell.


is one of ten regional units mandated by Congress and estabIished in Fall 1988 to support research, education, and training in surface transportation. The UC Center serves federal Region IX and is supported by matching grants from the l_J. Los Angeles campuses. Faculty and students on other University of California campuses may participate in Center activities. Researchers at other universities within the region also have opportunities to collaborate on selec-led studies. Currently faculty active participants. UCTC's educational and research programs are focused on strategic planning for improving metropolitan accessibility, with emphasis on the special conditions in Region IX. Particular attention [s directed to strategies for using transportation as an instrument of economic development, while also accommodating to the re-gion's persistent expansion and while maintaining and enhancing the quality of life there. The Center distributes reports on its research in working papers, monographs, and ill reprints of published articles. For a list of publications in print, write to the address below.


Three different analytical techniques [1,5-diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometry, chelating ion-exchange chromatography (Chelex-100), and ion-pairing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS)] were critically evaluated for the determination of CrVI in soil extracts. Spectrophotometry was not applicable to the analysis of most soil extract samples owing to its high limit of detection (LOD = 30 ng cm–3), and the possibility of the instantaneous reduction of CrVI under the acidic conditions employed. A Chelex 100 column, although adequately sensitive (LOD = 1.5 ng cm–3), is inclined to give higher results as inhert and moderately labile CrIII complexes partially passed through the resin together with CrVI. In addition, very small particles (<0.45 µm) carrying chromium can produce severe positive systematic errors. In order to avoid this, filtration employing a 0.1 µm filter is recommended. Ion-pairing RP-HPLC was found to be the most sensitive technique (LOD = 0.3 ng cm–3). It might also give high chromate results if negatively charged CrIII complexes form ion pairs with tetrabutylammonium phosphate and their elution partially coincided with that of CrVI. Fulvate ligands showed this type of interference. Reversed-phase HPLC is not suitable for analysis of extracts obtained from soils with freshly added tannery waste owing to the effects of the undestroyed tannery waste matrix. This study showed that each method investigated was vulnerable to some type of interference.


The original idea of producing a current/voltage graph on a CRO for the Teltron tube using VELA and an op. amp. was devised and reported by the first author in a VELA User Group Newsletter. The second author inspired by that report went on to devise a method in which the voltage was plotted in real time in proper units using VELA and a BBC micro. This article shows how the various 'blocks' solved different problems, while tracing the development of the circuitry towards the final system.


: The sustainable production of industry-relevant chemicals, ranging from biofuels to pharmaceuticals, requires the development of efficient functionalization of biomass-derived building blocks, such as furan derivatives. Herein we report directed iridium-catalyzed C3–H silylation of furfural compounds, which grants access to versatile synthetic platforms. This transformation was developed on furfuryl derivatives, using imines as directing groups, and trialkylsilanes or bis(trimethylsilyl)methylsilane as silylating agents, in the presence of a hydride scavenger. Subsequently, fluoride-mediated activation strategies were applied to the C3–SiMe(OSiMe 3 ) 2 furfural derivatives. This strategy enables a wide range of transformations, namely arylation, alkenylation, alkynylation, allylation and alkylation, as well as halogenation and trifluoromethylation. A variety of high value-added products were thus easily obtained from the same common C3-silylated furfural platform. The authors acknowledge H2020-WIDESPREAD-05-2020-Twinning project Biomass4Synthons (B4S: grant agreement 951996) for financial support, as well as MS3U of Sorbonne Université for HRMS analysis and CNRS.


In the present work a fast and reliable laboratory protocol allowing a holistic statement about thermo-oxidative structural changes of fats and oils at ambient temperatures, under accelerated conditions using 110°C and under elevated temperature usually used for frying at 170°C is proposed. The results demonstrate that two different routes of degradation may be responsible for fat deterioration at elevated temperatures. Depending on the temperature (at 20, 110, or 170°C) the composition of polar compounds changed. The content of di- and polymerized TAGs increased with time at elevated temperature, e.g., frying whereas the formation of oxidized products dominates at 110°C or lower. These different reaction mechanisms may explain the discrepancy between practical experiences during frying and the estimated oxidative resistance of fats and oils using accelerated tests like Rancimat or OSI.

Practical applications: Both the amount of total oxidized monomeric TAGs called total oxidized products (TOP) and the amount of di- and polymerized TAGs (DPTG) can be used to describe the fat degradation at all stages. These parameters are less dependent on the fat composition but proportional to the heating time and applied temperature. A procedure is proposed to compare thermal and oxidative stability of vegetable oils and effectiveness of oxidative stabilizing agents.

Heating apparatus to simulate fat degradation at 110 and 170°C with and without access of oxygen (20 L/h) to monitor oxidation and structural decomposition of fats and oils.


A meta-analysis of data from more than 17,000 cases of endometriosis suggest that specific genes involved in sex steroid hormone signaling and function may play a role in the disorder.


As people with far different social identities increasingly find themselves working together, clashes, differences of opinion, and even serious conflicts are bound to occur. These can have acute consequences for organizations. The challenge for leaders is to effectively manage and resolve such conflicts or, better yet, anticipate and prevent them from happening at all.


Polypropylene(PP) and polyamide 6(PA6) in situ fibrillation blend was compatibilized with PP g MAH.PP,PA6 and PP g MAH were blended in a single screw melt extruder with different blending procedure.When there was no compatibilzer PA6 could fibrillated in PP easily.However,in the existence of compatibilzer the interaction between PA6 and PP would change with the different procedure for adding the compatibilzer:PA6 would be the spherical particles when the compatibility was good between PP and PA6,or PA6 could form fibrils in PP.If PA6 was fibrils the blend's impact strength was improved while the tensile strength decreased.


In the modern world there is an active financial interaction of organized crime and terrorism (extremism). In some cases, transnational criminal organizations specializing in common crimes are becoming sponsors of terrorist and extremist organizations. More often, however, transnational terrorist and extremist organizations in search of income begin to actively participate in transnational criminal activities of a common criminal nature (drug trafficking, illegal money transfer). The article outlines the main regularities of the intertwining of criminal crafts and terrorist (extremist) activities, connected mainly with the ideas of radical Islam (Islamism). Specific examples of the activities of Russian law enforcement agencies in suppressing the financing of terrorism in the 2010s are given. It is concluded that in the coming years, Russia will be bringing closer and intertwining such institutions as Islamist terrorism, legal and illegal migration from Central Asia, smuggling of drug trafficking and criminal financial transactions (hawala).


The FIRO theory of interpersonal behavior provides a framework for clarify ing the administrator role, for measuring effectiveness, and for synthesizing previous studies of administration. Effective FIRO administrators excel in their use of human resources, their task ability, and their interpersonal skills. They create conditions under which individuals within their ken realize them selves optimally.


The turning, which consists of the removal of metal from the outer diameter of a rotating cylindrical workpiece, is one of the most common techniques for cutting, especially when finishing the product. The values of the cutting parameters, such as feed rate, cutting speed, and depth of cut, in a turning operation must be selected carefully to improve the profit of operations by enhancing productivity and reducing the total manufacturing cost for each component. A high vibration leads to poor surface finish and reduced productivity and shortens the tool life; therefore, this parameter should be controlled. In this study, an experiment is conducted to investigate the effects of these cutting parameters in the turning process of a workpiece, composed of AISI 1040 steel, using the response surface method. Statistical tools were used to design the experiments. These parameters are optimized by using analysis of variance, regression, and optimization techniques to achieve the condition of minimum vibration and chip frequency, therefore improving the surface roughness after the turning process.


Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death, worldwide and in the United States. Approximately 30% of global deaths can be attributed to one form of CVD, including conditions such as heart disease, stroke, heart attack, and arrhythmia. In diagnosing CVD, electrocardiograms (ECG) are commonly used to measure and record the electrical activity of the heart. Their non-invasive, informative, and relatively simple nature allows for rapid deployment. However, because analysis of ECGs depends solely on a physician, ECG analysis becomes subjective, adding a potential layer of error to patient healthcare. Studies indicate that physicians often misread ECGs and disagree with each other's interpretations. In order to develop an accurate and objective method for ECG analysis, this study evaluates various ensemble algorithms to design and create a supervised classification model. Several ensemble models were evaluated to derive one which correctly classifies CVD with sufficiently high accuracy. A boosted decision tree ensemble created to evaluate cardiac condition performs best, with an overall accuracy of 84.6% and an AUC of 0.828.


This is a publisher's version of an article published in Change: Transformations in Education 2001, published by the Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney. This version is reproduced with permission. http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/4245


Canadian literary humour tends to derive from a kind of social and geographic conservatism. McCulloch's humour arises from the perspective of a Calvinist in a harsh land, a conservative view in which the role of woman is essentially domestic and inactive, and in which the (equally conservative) nation to the south poses a constant threat. Haliburton's view is similar, but the expressed conservatism implies the socio-political rather than the religious. Leacock continues this tradition, particularly in the way he comically attacks the rising authority of the female. It is these writers' allegiance to a British ideal of Canada in conflict with the democratic ordinary realities of Canadian life and the infectious, vulgar spirit of American republicanism which forces their humour.


Hearing the concern about global warming and knowing our dependency on fossil fuels the solar roadway imagined to develop roadway with solar panels. The solar roadway can save the world from the energy crisis and climate change. This technology will replace all current petroleum-based asphalt road , parking lots, and driveways. As the day by day the price of petroleum products are getting huge hike, and resources are very less there will be no longer feasible material such as asphalt for our road surface. when solar panels are refurnished , and solar cells will be upgraded the new nearest technology. Solar roadway system might a present, cost about three times what it costs to install an asphalt road. Important element of the solar roadway technology is that its power-generation capacity demonstrates the base load viability of renewable energy source. Our dependency on oil would come to an abrupt end.


When we think of cities, we think of urban conglomerations that seamlessly morph into suburbs, of transport systems and mobility. Yair Mintzker's fascinating book The Deforti cation of the German City, 1689–1866 reminds us that even a few hundred years ago, the word "city" in Europe conjured the image of walls and moats, of gates and bastions, and lock-outs after dark. It then goes on to explore the social and political changes that led to the demolition of thousands of European city walls, as well as the consequences of this urban reorientation.


As a result of a shortage of skilled manpower, the rapid increase in knowledge and technological development, personnel development has become an issue of great and urgent necessity. In this article the author looks at the necessity of leaching development as an important component of the development and promotion of lecturing at the university, and comes to the conclusion that lecturers at tertiary (university) level need to be made cognizant of recent developments in the techniques of tertiary teaching so that leaching can be as effective as possible in an effort to render more effective service to the community served by the university.


Shallow warm water resources associated with low enthalpy geothermal systems are often difficult to explore usinggeophysicaltechniques,mainlybecausethewarmwatercreatesaninsufficientphysicalchangefromthehostrockstobe easily detectable. In addition, often the system also has a limited or narrow size. However, appropriate use of geophysical techniques can still help the exploration and further investigation of low enthalpy geothermal resources. We present case studies on the use of geophysical techniques for shallow warm water explorations over a variety of settings in New Zealand (mostly in the North Island) with variable degrees of success. Asimpleanddirectmethodfortheexplorationofwarmwatersystemsisshallowtemperaturemeasurements.InsomeNew Zealand examples, measurements of near surface temperatures helped to trace the extent of deeper thermal water. ThegravitymethodwasutilisedasastructuraltechniquefortheexplorationofsomewarmwatersystemsinNewZealand. Ourcasestudiesshowthetechniquecanbeusefulinidentifyingbasementdepthsandtracingfaultsystemsassociatedwiththe occurrence of hot springs. Direct current (DC) ground resistivity measurements using a variety of electrode arrays have been the most common method for the exploration of low enthalpy geothermal resources in New Zealand. The technique can be used to detect the extentofshallowwarmwatersthataremoreelectricallyconductivethanthesurroundingcoldgroundwater.Groundresistivity investigationsusingtheelectromagnetic(EM)techniquesofaudiomagnetotellurics(AMTorshallowMT),controlledsource audio magnetotellurics (CSAMT) and transient electromagnetic (TEM) methods have also been used. Highly conductive clays of thermal or sedimentary origin often limit the penetration depth of the resistivity techniques and can create some interpretation difficulties. Interpretation of resistivity anomalies needs to be treated in a site specific manner.


The genus Aglaonema (family Araceae), commonly referred to as Chinese evergreens, have been important ornamental tropical foliage plants since the 1930s (Smith and Scarborough, 1981). Aglaonema are a reliable crop for commercial growers and plants readily adapt to low light and low relative humidity levels encountered under interiorscape conditions. The first commercial Aglaonema cultivars were plants collected from their native tropical habitats, propagated, and sold as ornamentals. Foliage plant breeding studies developed protocols to control Aglaonema flowering (Henny, 1983) and new pollination techniques made seed production routine (Henny, 1985). These breeding innovations have led to the production of many new hybrid cultivars in the past 20 years by both public and private breeders worldwide. Five such Aglaonema cultivars were released previously (Henny and Chen, 2001; Henny et al., 1992, 2003, 2008) by the Foliage Plant Breeding Program at the MidFlorida Research and Education Center (MREC) in Apopka, FL. These cultivars currently are very successful commercial foliage plants and have become known as the ''Bay'' series. 'Mondo Bay' is the sixth named cultivar to be part of this series (Fig. 1).


Abstract : The purpose of this research was to examine (a) the effects of operating a lightweight armor combat vehicle with crew of varying size, and (b) the effectiveness of two methods of forecasting human factors and training requirements for the same weapon system. In Study I, experienced armor crewmen responded to questions about the impact on system performance of reductions in number of crewmen from four to three or two. The opinion data together with results of a literature review suggest that, if a combat vehicle design employs automation and control-and-display redundancy well, three men in a crew may not only be ample but perhaps superior to a four-man crew; a reduction to two men would, in the judgment of the experts, be too extreme, producing some degradation in system effectiveness and crewman confidence. In Study II, estimates of personnel requirements for the experimental weapon system were made by armor experts who were provided documents descriptive of the system but who had no first-hand experience with it. Their estimates, regardless of the kinds of descriptive materials used, did not differ significantly from judgments of the same requirements made by crewman experienced with the weapon system. In task areas where estimates of time to perform were compared with observed performance time, the armor experts tended to overestimate time to perform; the shorter the actual time, the greater the overestimate.


Abstract : This document describes the modifications made to the Distributed Ada Real-Time Kernel (DARK) software when porting it from its original execution environment, the 68020-based testbed built at the Software Engineering Institute, to a VAX/VMS system. This document also contains information about logical extensions to the Kernel, and the impacts thereof, should the Kernel be used in operational systems. Ada, DARK, Distributed, Kernel, Operating system, Real-time.


At the Kaon spectrometer KaoS at SIS/GSI, the production of kaons and antikaons in heavy-ion reactions at a beam energy of 1.5 A GeV has been measured for the collision systems Ni + Ni and Au + Au. The K−/K+ ratio is found to be constant for both systems and as a function of impact parameter but the slopes of K+ and K− spectra differ for all impact parameters. Furthermore, the respective polar angle distributions will be presented as a function of centrality.


4-halo-alkyl-pyridin-3-sulfonic acid amides, process for their preparation, compositions containing them and their use as pesticides Sulfonamides of the formula (I) and salts thereof, where the symbols and indices have the meanings given in the description, are useful as pesticides.


The special tread joinings are considered in this work. System of cutting of special thread and the necessary instrument is proposed, that allow making the special threads which have the improved performance attributes.


An active microstrip patch antenna for quasioptical power-combining arrays is described. The oscillator circuit uses two Gunn diodes which symmetrically load a resonant patch. The symmetry of the structure and the push-pull operation of the devices results in a dramatic decrease in H-plane cross-polarisation, improved copolarisation patterns, and twice as much power as a single-device patch.


Given how common stroke has become (the main cause of death in some areas of India [11]) the next priority would be developing an Indian model of stroke rehabilitation following discharge from the stroke unit The vast majority of people in India live in a region with no stroke units, and no neurological expertise [2] Some acute stroke treatments are very cheap, and potentially available without expensive facilities, e g , immediate aspirin for acute ischemic stroke and blood pressure lowering for hemorrhagic stroke [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice is the property of Wolters Kluwer India Pvt Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )


The present invention folds and relates to a dive sheet, and more specifically sheets when folding the seat back in a state in which slide the side of the heat-transfer sheet, a sheet in order to prevent the seat back of interference on the heat-transfer sheet configured to be folded only in a specific position It relates to a fold-and-dive seat. Using the fold-and-dive sheet according to the invention if, by only with a fold-and-dive operation of the seat by a locking device, the heat-transfer sheet and post heating the sheet with appropriate intervals, holding state, interfering with when folding and dive of the sheet transfer sheet to thereby prevent an effect that the working efficiency increases. In addition, there is an advantage that can be made stable cargo and not a gap between the seat post - will not occur. Sheet, fold-and-dive, lock


Through analyzing the control effect of three different controllers, such as PID, fuzzy control and fuzzy-PID,it was proved that fuzzy-PID parameters self-tuning controller can make air-conditioning system get well dynamic and steady performance. Simulation results showed that the fuzzy-PID method is very good. Using the fuzzy -PID parameters self-tuning controller has good effect,such as shorter response time, smaller overshoot,better response characteristics and robustness.


Dr. Florentin Smarandache is a polymath: as author, co-author, translator, co-translator, editor, or co-editor of 143 books and 183 scientific papers and notes. On December 10th, 2009, he was 55 years old.


Objective To explore the impact of smoking on semen quality.Methods 120 infertile men were divided into 3 groups according to smoking quantity and duration:A day smoking10,and smoked ≤1 year;B day smoking10-20,and smoked 5-10 years;C day smoking ≥20 and smoking age ≥10 years.95 control cases were recruited in the study.Parameters of their semen,MDA content in seminal plasma and sperm apoptosis rate were detected.Results The sperm motility in the infertile smoker group was significantly lower than that in the infertile non-smoker group,the sperm apoptosis and seminal plasma MDA content were significantly increased;C group sperm motility was significantly lower than B group and A group,while the sperm apoptosis and seminal plasma MDA content were significantly increased.Conclusion Smoking can increase the content of reactive oxygen species in seminal plasma and sperm apoptosis rate,seriously affecting the quality of semen.


In view of the fact that indoor positioning systems are usually affected by non-Gaussian noise in complex indoor environments, this paper tests the data in the actual scene and analyzes the distribution characteristics of noise, and proposes a new indoor positioning algorithm based on maximum correntropy unscented information filter (MCUIF). The proposed indoor positioning algorithm includes three steps: First, the estimation of the state matrix and the corresponding covariance matrix are predicted through the unscented transformation (UT). Second, the observed information is reconstructed by using a nonlinear regression method on the basis of the maximum correntropy criterion (MCC). Third, the contribution of information vector is gained by non-Gaussian measurement and the predicted information vector is corrected by the contribution of information vector. Finally, the gain of information filtering is got by the information entropy state matrix and the information entropy measurement matrix to calculate the position coordinates of the unknown nodes. This algorithm enhances the robustness of the MCUIF to non-Gaussian noise in complex indoor environments. The results from the indoor positioning experiments show that MCUIF is better than the traditional methods in state estimation and position location of the unknown nodes.


A family of nonlinear control laws is developed to bring a nonlinear dynamic system from an arbitrary initial state to the zero state in finite time when only limited output measurements are available. Design parameters are found for an observer-controller which can be used to shape both the controller system's state trajectory and the dynamic observer's error trajectory.


OBJECTIVE To find the method for sterilizing hands which is effective, fast, easy, conveniente and without stimulation for medical worker in nursing care. METHODS A total of 100 medical workers were tested. In test group Essentials of Health Skin and Hand Disinfectant, Jiefurou′s sterilizer gel, towels of 0.2% peracetic acid and electrolyzed oxidizing water were used. In control group only soap with flowing water was used for hand wash. RESULTS Their bacterial clearance was 97.38%, 79.19%, 100%, 74.6%, 68.26%, respectively. The efficacy of Essentials of Health Skin and Hand Disinfectant was similar to 0.2% peracetic acid. Both two were singnificant different compared with others. CONCLUSIONS 0.2% Peracetic acid and Essentials of Health Skin and Hand Disinfectant are preferred for sterilizing hands. But Essentials of Health Skin and Hand Disinfectant is more easier in use.


Abstract Forage quality is a function of nutrient concentration, intake, nutrient availability, and partitioning of metabolized products within animals. Of these factors, intake potential is the major determinant of production by animals fed forage-based diets; however, it is one of the most difficult aspects of forage quality to determine or predict because variation among animals has a large influence on intake. Physical fill limits intake of forages with high cell wall concentrations when fed to animals with high energy demand. Hence, grasses, with their higher cell wall concentration, typically have lower intake than legumes. Energy availability of forage is also limited by cell wall concentration because cell contents are almost completely digested, whereas forage cell walls are slowly digested. Thus, the proportion of cell walls to cell contents is a major determinant of energy availability in feeds. Protein digestion by ruminants is complex. When crude protein concentration in herbage drops below 7% of dry matter, ruminal fermentation of forages may be limited and protein requirements of animals may not be met. Additionally, inefficient use of protein in high quality forages may limit performance of high producing animals. Usually, only about 25% of the forage protein escapes degradation from the rumen. Efficiency would be improved if a larger portion of forage protein passed from the rumen undegraded so that it can be degraded in the intestines where absorption is more efficient. Another important plant factor influencing forage quality is herbage maturity. Systems are now available for determining maturity of both legumes and grasses that will become more important as aids for predicting forage quality before forages are harvested or grazed. Forage quality is also influenced by the environment in which forages are grown and by soil fertility and these cause year-to-year, seasonal, and geographical variation in forage quality even when herbage is harvested at the same stage of maturity.


Stemming from the long tradition of biographical writing, cinema has communicated history by means of re-enactments of the lives of significant public figures through time (Landy 1996). It can be argued that film biographies or 'biopics' possess a more personal, graphic and emotional vividness as opposed to professional historians chronicling the subject's life work (Tibbetts 2005). The musical biopic in particular is a biographical film that focuses on individuals such as musicians, composers, singers and performer/entertainers and has had resurgence in contemporary cinema since 2000 with films such as Walk the Line (James Mangold, 2005), Ray (Taylor Hackford, 2004), De-Lovely (Irwin Winkler, 2004), I'm Not There (Todd Haynes, 2007) and Beyond the Sea (Kevin Spacey, 2004) released in Hollywood alone. Rather than exploring the musical individual's life history through one linear narrative, films in the twenty-first century have become more complex, connecting past and present, merging truth and fiction, to create multilayered perspectives on one life. El Cantante (Leon Ichaso, 2006) is a contemporary musical biopic that represents the life story of Puerto Rican singer Héctor Lavoe from the 1960s through to his untimely death in 1993. The film is narrated from the perspective of Lavoe's wife Puchi (Nilda Georgina Perez) which, according to the film, is based on an actual interview with Puchi after Lavoe's death. Through decoding and interpreting Lavoe's life story through the film, this paper will argue that El Cantante, amongst contemporary Hollywood musical biopics, is a self-reflexive film in terms of how the biopic represents multiple perspectives of the salsa singer. The film creators acknowledge and audio-visually reflect that El Cantante is a dramatic, not an accurate portrayal of Héctor Lavoe's life. The biopic (biographical film) boomed in the Hollywood studio-era and over three hundred biographical films were released that focused on various famous individuals including scientists and politicians, but more so with musical individuals such as musicians, entertainers, composers and singers. These biopics in general delivered a simple linear narrative structure of the individual's life story that was utilised as a guideline for subsequent attempts at representing a star persona on film during the studio-era. More recently, there has been a resurgence of musical biopics that have been released cinematically over the last decade. Currently these contemporary biopics (particularly those that have been released from 2000 onward) have taken on a selfreflexive approach through the film's mode of audio-visual representation. In other words, these recent films rely on the audience to be aware that the biopic is not a completely accurate representation of a life story; it is a 1 The studio-era is approximately 1930 through to 1960. George F. Custen has researched extensively on this period of biopics in Bio/Pics: How Hollywood Constructed Public History (Custen, 1992).


Background: Type 2 diabetes is an important, chronic condition notorious for its costly and disabling complications. Nowadays enhanced cooperation is expected to improve the quality of diabetes care and reduce the risks for chronically ill patients. It is, however, questionable whether this assumption is evidence-based. Methods Using a structured literature search, we selected systematic reviews, RCTs and other effect evaluations regarding the sharing and assignment of diabetes care. Results Finally we included 22 studies in this review. The process of care improved in all studies investigating this quality aspect. HbA1c improved in seven reviews and in five other studies. All included reviews and four RCTs were unable to demonstrate a positive effect on blood pressure. Total cholesterol improved in two reviews and five other studies. Conclusion The sharing and assignment of diabetes care leads to significant reduction in HbA1c and improves the process of care. However this improvement has not as yet led to better cardiovascular risk management


The invention provides a screenshot application device. The screenshot application device comprises a display processing unit, a display unit, a screenshot unit, an image recognition unit, an image using unit and a virtual camera shooting unit. The display processing unit displays obtained multimedia data through the display unit, receives a screenshot instruction, captures screen data and determines a screenshot area according to operation of a user. The screenshot unit obtains an image in the screenshot area and generates a screenshot completing signal according to the operation of the user. The image recognition unit responds to the screenshot completing signal and recognizes the screenshot content as a two-dimension code. The image using unit responds to the screenshot completing signal, provides a shortcut use menu comprising a two-dimension code scanning function and starts the virtual camera shooting unit to scan the two-dimension code to obtain corresponding information when the user selects the two-dimension code scanning function. The invention further provides a screenshot application method. Through the screenshot application device and method, the function of automatically scanning obtained information after the user completes two-dimension code screenshot operation, and the operation of the user is facilitated.


There are two main forms of government in U.S. cities: council-manager and mayor-council. This paper develops a theory of fiscal policy determination under these two forms. The theory predicts that expected public spending will be lower under mayor-council, but that either form of government could be favored by a majority of citizens. The latter prediction means that the theory is consistent with the co-existence of both government forms. Support for the former prediction is found in both a cross-sectional analysis and a panel analysis of changes in government form.


Eliminate the occurrence of malfunction due to the power supply voltage drops during large transmission output in the PC card communication terminal that operates by receiving power supply from the host device. Baseband processor (1106) selects a transmission power upper limit value measurement mode in the control of the initial PC card type terminal (1103). In the voltage measurement circuit while changing the load value of the load circuit (1112) (1114) for measuring the drop of the power supply voltage. Determining the load value of the load circuit (1112) when the power supply voltage until the minimum allowable supply voltage drops. Converting the load value to the transmission output is set to transmit the output upper limit value using the conversion table stored in the memory (1107). In the normal communication mode to limit the maximum transmission power based on the transmission output upper limit value.


After building the Inexact Fuzzy Multi-objective Programming Model for Tourism City Environment (IFMOPOMTCE) based on the IFMOP method, the model was successfully applied in the case of Environmental Planning and Optimizing in Kunming Tourism Ring. With the Scenario Analysis and Interactive adjusting method, two alternatives were brought out. Through comparison and analysis, the optimum alternative for tourism's sustainable development in Kunming City was carried out and provided a scientific and reliable gist for the policy makers decision. Therefore the case study also approved the practicability and maneuverability of the model.


"Sputum from the lungs may readily become contaminated with that from the upper air passages on its way out: but in the majority of cases it is possible. . .to determine whether the specimen is primarily of the 'bronchial' type or derived from the throat and mouth. " —A.T. Laird. 19091


Plaque erosion is the underlying pathology in up to 50% of patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Previous studies suggest that patients with erosion might be treated conservatively without stenting. Currently, a diagnosis of plaque erosion requires invasive intracoronary imaging.

 We sought to develop a deep learning (DL) model that enables an accurate diagnosis of plaque erosion using coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA).

 A total of 532 coronary CTA scans (143 coronary CTA scans with plaque rupture, 113 with plaque erosion, and 276 with reference segment) from 395 patients were included to develop a model: 426 coronary CTA scans from 316 patients for training and internal validation, and 106 separate scans from 79 patients for test set validation. Among ACS patients, the diagnosis of plaque rupture or erosion identified by OCT was used as the ground truth, and the corresponding site on the CTA image matched with OCT image was determined to be the culprit lesion. A novel DL, Momentum Distillation Composite Transformer Attention (MD-CTA) model, was developed that can effectively process the whole CTA scans to diagnose plaque erosion.

 The novel DL model showed diagnostic performance in the five-fold cross-validation with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.901 (0.873-0.930), a sensitivity of 81.2 (72.8-88.0), and a specificity of 86.6 (82.4-90.2), all of which were significantly higher than those of convolutional neural network (CNN) model with an AUC of 0.621 (0.567-0.675), the sensitivity of 59.8 (50.1-69.0), and specificity of 60.2 (54.5-65.7) in training validation. Similarly, in the test set validation, the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of the MD-CTA model were 0.899 (0.841-0.957), 87.1 (70.2-96.4), and 85.3 (75.3-92.4), respectively, higher than those of 0.724 (0.622-0.826), 71.0 (52.0-85.8), and 68.0 (56.2-78.3) of the CNN model. At the slice level, the MD-CTA model was also superior in the five-fold cross-validation and the test set validation compared to the CCN model. This model significantly outperformed experienced cardiologists, especially for sensitivity.

 The newly developed DL model enables an accurate CTA diagnosis of plaque erosion, which might enable the cardiologist to provide tailored therapy without invasive procedures. This algorithm might lead to a major shift in managing millions of patients with plaque erosion each year.Table 1Figure 1


We have previously reported that the specific recognition and binding of murine hemopoietic progenitors spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) and granulocyte-macrophage CFU (CFU-GM) to hemopoietic stroma is dependent upon a membrane recognition system with galactose and mannose specificities. By using synthetic neoglycoproteins with galactose, mannose, or fucose covalently bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in standard long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC), galactosyl-BSA (gal-BSA) and mannosyl-BSA (man-BSA) but not fucosyl-BSA (fuc-BSA) inhibited the binding of CFU-S and CFU-GM to the stromal layer. In the present work it was shown that binding of erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) to stroma in standard LTBMC is also inhibited by gal-BSA and man-BSA. We then studied a different system of LTBMC that favored erythropoiesis and allowed the production of erythroid CFU (CFU-E) for 4 weeks. In the presence of the fuc-BSA as well as gal-BSA and man-BSA, total cell production and CFU-E production were halted in the supernate as well as the adherent layer. These results indicate the presence of a fucosyl recognition system on the surface of the late erythroid precursors, CFU-E.


Cynaratriol, a new guajanolide from Cynara cardunculusL. and C. scolymusL. (Compositae)

A new guajanolide given the name cynaratriol (4) was isolated from the leaves of Cynara cardunculusL The structure of 4 and its derivatives 3, 11, 13-triacetylcynaratriol (5) and 3, 13-dibenzoyl-cynaratriol (6) was deduced on the basis of IR.-, 1H-NMR.-, 13C-NMR.- and mass spectroscopic data. 4 is also present in C. ScolymusL. as shown by GC./MS. analysis. The same absolute configuration is suggested for 4 as found for all other Cynara sesquiterpenes.


In this work the design of an ultrathin carpet cloak based on a metasurface with ring resonators is demonstrated. The scattering from a triangular bump of a Gaussian beam is suppressed by manipulating the reflection phase along the edge of the bump. This is achieved by an array of closed ring resonators with varying radii. The object to hide can be placed under the bump on a flat ground plane. The performance of the designed cloak in the near field and far field is numerically analyzed at the operation frequency and the successful concealing of the bump is confirmed. The presented cloak has a thin, lightweight design and can find applications in radar and antenna systems.


Based on the current market,users of low-carbon material with high product demand,through the hood-type furnace unit the actual production situation and the current annealing process analysis,Furnace base installed furnace capacity and annealing process of heating temperature,holding time to adjust,in the production of in practice,based on experiments carried out a large number of process adjustments to improve the performance DC01 product extensions to meet the customers requirements,and establish a comprehensive system for annealing process.


Abstract The invasion of Iraq by American and British forces is analyzed from the standpoint of social psychology. The following social phenomena and events are discussed: (a) the role of groupthink in the intelligence failure; (b) asymmetrical consequences of reward and punishment and the role of causal attribution in responsibility assignment as explanations for the alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) by Iraq;(c) dissonance avoidance and the refusal by those responsible for the invasion to accept that there were no WMD in Iraq; (d) balance theory, retributive justice and the attempt to link Saddam to bin Laden after the acceptance of the inexistence of WMD; (e) de-individuation, power of the situation, and obedience to authority and the Abu-Ghraib tortures; (f) the escalation of violence and the psychology of malignant social processes. The paper ends with a distinction between science and applications of science, and gives some recommendations to achieve peace in the world based on social psychological knowledge.


Energy efficiency has emerged as a major design concern for embedded and portable electronics. Conventional approaches typically impact performance and often require significant design-time modifications. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for improving energy efficiency through judicious fusion of operations. The proposed approach has two major distinctions: (1) the fusion is enabled by operand truncation, which allows representing multiple operations into a reasonably sized lookup table (LUT); and (2) it works for large varieties of functions. Most applications in the domain of digital signal processing (DSP) and graphics can tolerate some computation error without large degradation in output quality. Our approach improves energy efficiency with graceful degradation in quality. The proposed fusion approach can be applied to trade-off energy efficiency with quality at run time and requires virtually no circuit or architecture level modifications in a processor. Using our software tool for automatic fusion and truncation, the effectiveness of the approach is studied for four common applications. Simulation results show promising improvements (19-90\%) in energy delay product with minimal impact on quality.


An investigation into measured differences in surface contaminant levels when evaluating several ion implant tools and/or tool types. For a given species and energy, beam current appears to have a strong effect on final contaminant levels. Ideally one evaluates process integrity at machine set‐up conditions that approximate or exceed the worst case conditions required for regular, volume wafer production. Some contaminants may exhibit a 'threshold' effect where they are easily observed with sufficient beam current, but not present at all for lower beam currents. Knowing the characteristics of the measurement process is essential in obtaining reliable results with a clear interpretation and better facilitates cross‐site or cross‐platform comparisons.


Background: Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are coordinated programs developed in recent years to promote the appropriate use of antimicrobials and reduce microbial resistance. One important action for a successful ASP is the implementation of an antimicrobial policy restriction. Objective: The study analyzed the quality of target-antimicrobial requisitions after the introduction of an antimicrobial policy restriction for children. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and three pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). An ASP was implemented in October 2016, and 14 target antimicrobials were selected to be prescribed after pre-approval by a pediatric infectious disease specialist. All requisitions were analyzed according to indication, antimicrobial type, dose, duration, and collection of cultures before administration. There were no exclusion criteria for requisition analysis. Results: Between October 2016 and December 2017, 1,173 patients were admitted to the units with 120 requisitions of target antimicrobials. Sepsis (43/120; 35.8%) was the most common indication, followed by respiratory infections (23/120; 19.2%) and infections in two or more sites (11/120; 9.2%). The most common target antimicrobials requested were meropenem (68/120; 56.7%), amphotericin B lipid formulations (12/120; 10%), teicoplanin (11/120; 9.2%), and linezolid (11/120; 9.2%). In 98 (81.7%) cases, previous cultures before antimicrobial administration were collected. An infectious agent was detected in 52 of the 98 cultures (53.1%), and Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria represented 50% and 26.9% of all positive samples, respectively. Besides, 111 (92.5%) requisitions were approved. In five refused requisitions, a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial was prescribed after further discussion; four were refused due to lack of information, and in one case, the de-escalation of the antimicrobial was possible. No mistake regarding dosage and duration was detected. Conclusions: We found a high-quality rate of target antimicrobial requisition. Antimicrobial policy restriction could contribute to improving the quality of antimicrobial prescription, even in NICUs and PICUs.


Co-authored by persons in seven Asian countries in cooperation with the East-West Center, this book reports on a cross-section of policy, technology, and development research linking energy and rural development issues. The purpose is to distill these experiences and develop a new research agenda that will strengthen the ability of rural people to identify and organize energy resources and technologies to meet their own needs. The initial focus is on energy to meet basic food and nutrition requirements, but the book also develops approaches for assessing energy needs for increasing agricultural productivity and employment-generating activities. Separate chapters also deal with improving the efficiency


HE analysis and design of rocket propulsion systems largely relies on full-scale prototype development and testing. Computational simulation techniques have the potential to assist in the design process if accurate physical models are available. The objective of this study is to address this issues by assessing the predictive capability of three different modeling approaches to simulate the reactive flow field structure of a shear-coaxial rocket injector [1, 2]. To this end, simulations of increasing computational fidelity will be employed, consisting of steady and unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (U/RANS) calculations, and a large-eddy simulation (LES). For the prediction of the reacting flow field in the rocket injector, a flamelet-based combustion model will be employed [3, 4]. In this formulation, all chemical species, temperature, and thermo-viscous properties are represented by a reduced set of scalars, consisting of the mixture fraction and a reaction progress variable. Effects of turbulence chemistry interaction are incorporated through a presumed PDF formulation. Over recent years, numerous validation studies of rocket injector configurations have been conducted. Most notable is the comprehensive validation effort by Tucker et al. [5]. In this investigation, the GO2/GH2 single element injector configuration by Pal et al. [6] was modeled by different groups. Although this comparison provided valuable insight on wall-heat transfer predictions, it did not allow for an objective quantitative comparison, since all simulations utilized different modeling approaches, turbulence closures, combustion models, and chemical mechanisms. Furthermore, different computational grids were utilized and simulations in two-dimensional and three-dimensional computational domains were performed. The present study attempts to make a more objective comparison among URANS, DES and LES simulations.


We explored the utility of using readily available geospatial datasets to assist in field site identification. Specifically, we used readily available geospatial data to locate potential field sites that represented specific points along an urban–rural gradient of development intensity at landscape and regional scales. We also incorporated development age (young versus mature) in our site selection. Using publicly available spatial datasets, we computed a set of variables that characterized the landscape at two spatial scales and combined these to develop a gradient of urbanization. We then used maps of these gradients, digital orthophotographs, and ancillary geospatial data layers to identify candidate field sites of the requisite landscape- and regional-scale development intensity. These field sites were then visited to verify the current condition, and acceptable sites were used in companion studies to survey avian communities. We were also interested in how land cover estimates derived from different data sources varied. We compared estimates of percent land cover at two spatial scales derived from coarse scale land cover maps and fine scale screen-digitized from aerial photographs. At finer spatial scales, it appears the added costs associated with screen-digitizing yield much more precise estimates of land cover, whereas at coarser scales, although satellite-based land cover classifications may be somewhat less accurate, they may be sufficiently correlated with aerial photo-interpreted classifications that the expenditure is not worthwhile.


Producing p -type ZnO is one of the key issues in developing ZnO-based electronic devices. The substitution of monovalent Cu ions on Zn sites have been theoretically proposed, and experimental studies were carried out using Zn1–xCux O with small Cu contents (x ≤ 0.1). However, material properties Zn1–xCux O with a large Cu content have not been revealed. In this article, we present the electrical properties of Zn1–xCux O thin films with large x up to 0.75 fabricated using a monovalent Cu source along with their structural properties, as deduced from elemental analyses and crystallographic studies. The experimental results derived from electrical conductivity and thermoelectric measurements are discussed with a focus on controllability of p -type conductivity, specifically under O-rich conditions. Finally, carrier concentrations are discussed from the capacitance–voltage plots of p -Zn1–xCux O/n -Si heterojunction diodes. (© WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Inferences drawn while reading artificial set inclusion passages tend to be different than those made when reasoning with categorical syllogisms and linear orderings even though all three describe transitive relations. The present study tests the hypothesis that this disparity results from reasoners' perceptions of the commonality among category terms. In three experiments, students were given artificial set inclusion paragraphs that either contained convergent category terms that possess a common superordinate, similar to what is found in syllogistic reasoning (e.g., Revlin, Ammerman, Petersen, & Leirer, 1978), or they were given divergent category terms that do not possess a common superordinate (similar to Griggs, 1976a)


Survey researchers are often confronted with the question of how long to set the length of the field period. Longer fielding time might lead to greater participation yet requires survey managers to devote more of their time to data collection efforts. With the aim of facilitating the decision about the length of the field period, we investigated whether a longer fielding time reduces the risk of nonresponse bias to judge whether field periods can be ended earlier without endangering the performance of the survey. By using data from six waves of a probability-based mixed-mode (online and mail) panel of the German population, we analyzed whether the risk of nonresponse bias decreases over the field period by investigating how day-by-day coefficients of variation develop during the field period. We then determined the optimal cut-off points for each mode after which data collection can be terminated without increasing the risk of nonresponse bias and found that the optimal cut-off points differ by mode. Our study complements prior research by shifting the perspective in the investigation of the risk of nonresponse bias to panel data as well as to mixed-mode surveys, in particular. Our proposed method of using coefficients of variation to assess whether the risk of nonresponse bias decreases significantly with each additional day of fieldwork can aid survey practitioners in finding the optimal field period for their mixed-mode surveys.


The application and architecture of an experimental research prototype application specific integrated circuit designed to serve as a generic building block of the future broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) are described. The chip performs common asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) layer functions such as cell assembly and cell disassembly. A media access control (MAC) protocol developed for a broadband customer premises network is also integrated in the chip. The chip operation modes are controlled through a microcontroller interface. The chip interfaces to the B-ISDN through a SOET STS-3c Framer chip. The ATM layer chip has been designed using 1.2- mu m CMOS technology with a die area of 5.4 mm*5.4 mm and approximately 27000 transistors.<<ETX>>


In this note, the connectivity of efficient solution set and some proper efficient solution sets in vector optimization for set-valued mappings are discussed under weak conditions


Elaborating on the recent suggestion by Hugh H. Iltis that the direct ancestor of maize was initially domesticated not for its grain but for its sugary pith or other edible parts, this article proposes that during the initial period of maize domestication the stalk provided a key source of sugar for many uses, including the making of alcoholic beverages, and that the social importance of alcohol production helped precipitate its early and rapid spread. Several lines of evidence are examined to evaluate the merit of this hypothesis, and topics for further archaeological research that might contribute to this effort are suggested.


Milk is a food rich in nutrients and requires processing that promotes its conservation, such as concentration. The membrane process, as an emerging technology and lower energy consumption, has been applied to concentrate, purify, and adapt milk for fluid consumption or derivatives. The Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis processes have already been applied to milk and the biggest challenge is in controlling phenomena such as fouling, and polarization influenced by the system's operating conditions. The membrane process has already been used in the production of cheese, ricotta, protein concentrates, powdered milk, and dairy beverages.


Abstract : A single analytical expression is proposed to describe the velocity distribution in a two-dimensional, separated, turbulent boundary layer on smooth, impermeable, adiabatic walls over the domain 0 less than or = to y less than infinity. The expression is an extension of one previously derived for attached flow which depends upon local values of skin friction, shape factor, and Reynolds number based on momentum thickness. Boundary-layer shape factor and local skin friction correlations applicable to separated flows are derived from fitting the proposed analytical expression for separated velocity profiles to available experimental data. These correlations are then available for analytically describing separated velocity profiles without further fitting.


The paper has analyzed the reasons of school sports violations: the systems is not healthy;some people did not act in accordance with the laws and regulations;the Physical Education is risky;the management of teacher is improper;the field does not meet national health standards;medical supervision is not powerful.It is interpreted that the School Sports liability principle includes the responsibility for fault principle,the principle of liability without fault,and fair principle of the responsibility.We offer some measures to prevent school sports from violations: education administrative departments,schools,teachers should think much of security issues;we should distinguish between sports injury and injury accidents;strict regulations and systems of the Ministry of Education and higher administrative departments should be implemented;accident disability insurance should be established.


It has recently been suggested that a number of experimental findings of context effects in choice settings can be explained by the ability of subjects to draw choice-relevant inferences from the stimuli. We aim to measure the importance of this explanation. To do so, inferences are assessed in an experiment using the basic context-effect design, supplemented by direct measures of inferred locations of available products on the price-quality Hotelling line. We use these measures to estimate a predicted context effect due to inference alone. For our stimuli, we find that the inference effect accounts for two-thirds of the average magnitude of the context effect and for about one-half of the cross-category context-effect variance. Copyright 1997 by the University of Chicago.