In this paper, we consider the regional educational system within the framework of territorial cluster approach. The analysis is made of existing innovative growth points of the Republic of Tatarstan. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the innovative points of growth of the regional educational system within the framework of the territorial cluster approach. The main objectives of the work are the analysis and classification of the existing types of cluster systems, the identification of points of growth of the regional educational system, and research of synergetic foundations and promising model of innovation cluster. A model of interaction of educational cluster as an ecosystem is studied. Key factors that contribute to its development, as well as features forming levels of the ecosystem of educational cluster are identified.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient numerical method to study the complex crack initiation and propagation in linear elastic multiphase composites.Design/methodology/approachA phase field method is developed to study the complex fracture behavior in multiphase composites. A damage threshold is introduced for referring crack initiation in the proposed method. The damage threshold is assigned as a material property so that different composite components possess different thresholds. In this manner, smooth transition from crack initiation to propagation is revealed.FindingsThe proposed method is used to investigate complex crack evolution in mesoscale cementitious composite, which consists of aggregates, matrix and void pores. From a mesoscale point of view, it is found that cracks prefer to evolve within the matrix phase. As a crack encounters an aggregate, it tends to bypass the aggregate and evolve along the interface. Cracks tend to avoid to penetrate through aggregates. Also, cracks tend to be attracted by void pores. From a mesoscale point of view, it is revealed that the elastic modulus and strength of concrete models are closely related to porosity.Originality/valueA criterion with a damage threshold is introduced to the proposed method. The criterions with and without a damage threshold are compared with each other in details. The proposed method is proven to be a useful tool to study mechanical behavior and crack evolution of brittle multiphase composites.


Subject The subject of the study is to explore the stages of interaction development between the investment multiplier and accelerator. Multiplier effects may have both positive and negative impact on the process of reducing the dependence of the Russian economy on the export of hydrocarbons. The investment multiplier effect not only triggers the economic growth, but also leads to inflation and resource scarcity. Objectives The study aims at building a mathematical model, which describes the structure of the process of multiplicative changes in the volume of demand and investments as a result of the initial investment impulse. Methods The simulation of the analyzed process is based on the time series analysis. Multiplicative process of changes in the volume of demand and investment is viewed as a recursive process, each stage of which repeats the development of the model as a whole. Results I have developed a mathematical model describing the dynamics of a multiplicative process through the description of its separate stages. The model describes not only each step of the analyzed process, but also the individual components of each stage. The article defines the criteria under which the analyzed process will be monotonically increasing, burst-promoting, fading. Conclusions and Relevance The findings may be useful in solving the problems of national and regional development, and in major investment project planning. The obtained model may help predict the magnitude of multiplier effects and changes in the volume of major macroeconomic indicators.


An on-chipDC-DC voltage down converter (VDC)isproposed. Theconverter adopts a reference voltage generator (RVG)basedon a new currentsource, and a differential-amplifier-based follower. Thearchitecture oftheproposed VDC is simple andcanbefabricated byconventional CMOS technology. For 5-V to 3-V conversion, ithas characteristics suchasa temperature dependency of only2.6mV/°C andavoltage deviation within ±0.52% fori10%variation ofsupplyvoltage. Theoutput voltage isstabilized with±3mV forloadcurrent varying from0to100mA.


The implementation of emergency remote education due to the COVID-19 pandemic may affect students' online learning attitudes. Exploring these attitudes, as higher education adapts to uncertainty, has become more critical than ever. This study aims to obtain information about students' attitudes towards remote education by studying in a hybrid format in the first semester of the 2021-2022 academic year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A non-experimental research design with quantitative research methods was used. A total of 135 students enrolled in undergraduate programs at the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, responded to the survey. The study found that students had a neutral attitude towards remote education. There was no statistically significant difference by gender and residence area. However, the results indicated that the 4th year students had higher attitude scores towards remote education than those in previous years. The findings of this study may also provide suggestions for further developments and improvements in students' online learning attitudes and in the pedagogy of engineering disciplines in the post-pandemic perspective.


36-year-old man was admitted to the hospital in January2012 with a chief complaint of left foot pain for 1 week. Hedescribed redness and swelling on the dorsum of his left foot. Hedenied trauma to the foot. He had been taking acetaminophen forpain intermittently without relief. He denied fever or chills, visualchanges, back pain, muscle weakness, or numbness. He had a his-tory of


A B ST R A C T Ipresent1.5-and 8.4-GHzobservationswith allcongurationsoftheNRAO VLA of thewide-angletailsource3C 130.Thesourcehasapairofrelativelysym m etrical,well- collim ated innerjets,oneofwhich term inatesin acom pacthotspot.Archival ROSAT PSPC data conrm that3C 130'senvironm entisa lum inousclusterwith littlesign of sub-structurein theX-ray-em itting plasm a.Icom parethesourceto otherwide-angle tailobjectsand discussthe propertiesofthe classasa whole.None ofthe currently popularm odelsisentirely satisfactory in accounting forthe disruption ofthe jetsin 3C 130. K ey w ords: radio continuum :galaxies{ galaxies:jets{ galaxies:active{ galaxies: individual:3C 130


The present invention relates to a metal plating layer manufactured using the manufacturing method of the semiconductor package substrate, and which, more particularly, be a semiconductor chip disposed on the metal thin film installation using the available electrically conductive release coating adhesion, and the separation pad pattern enhance the process speed to make it easier to remove the part formed without undue etching Sikkim as well as manufacturing method for manufacturing a semiconductor package substrate for environment-friendly due to the minimization of the amount of etching, Cu- the pad metal layer formed on a semiconductor substrate by introducing a non-Sn layer stand out, to a metal plating layer for the semiconductor substrate to prevent diffusion of copper from metal layer. According to the present invention, it may seek to improve efficiency in accordance with minimizing environmental pollution, according to the carrier frame etching, process simplification in the conventional semiconductor package manufacturing method, the cost of the recovery and recycling of the carrier frame using It may provide a possible production method. In addition, the present invention may provide a non-magnetic metal layer by applying an alloy layer to replace the Ni metal were applied to the metal layer of the conventional semiconductor package. Substrate, LGA, electrically conductive release coating, nonmagnetic, Ni, Cu-Sn alloy


Due to their natural toughness, and also their flexible and cheap production process, laser ceramics could provide an interesting alternative to single crystals for meeting the challenges posed by the demanding domain of ultrafast and high-power laser operations. We investigated the laser performance of a Yb:CaF2 ceramic developed with a simple and green synthesis process. A 4 at. %-doped ceramic sample was diode-pumped to deliver output power of 1.6 W with optical-to-optical efficiency reaching 25%, a slope efficiency of 43%, a gain of 1.4, and wavelength tunability from 1015 to 1060 nm. Results are comparable to the typical single Yb:CaF2 crystal performance, thereby enabling the applications of these greener and low-cost Yb:CaF2 ceramics in high-power diode-pumped lasers.


The National Research Council of the U.S. National Academies has recommended a future space mission called Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) in its Decadal Survey. This mission aims "to produce global atmospheric column CO2 measurements without seasonal, latitudinal, or diurnal bias using simultaneous laser remote sensing of CO2 and O2." NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is developing a lidar approach as a candidate toward this mission.


. Understanding mechanisms of tree mortality and geometric patterns of canopy gaps is relevant for robust estimates of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests, and for assessing how they are responding to climate change. We combined monthly RGB images acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle with field surveys to identify gaps in an 18-ha permanent plot in an old-growth Central Amazon forest over a period of 28 months. In addition to detecting, we measured the size and shape 15 of gaps, and analyzed their temporal variation and correlation with rainfall. We further described associated modes of tree mortality or branch fall and quantified associated losses of biomass. Overall, the sensitivity of gap detection differed between field surveys and imagery data. In total, we detected 32 gaps either in the images and field, ranging in area from 9 m 2 to 835 m 2 . Relatively small gaps (< 39 m 2 ) associated with branch fall were the most frequent (11 gaps). Out of 18 gaps for which both field and imagery data were available, three could not be detected remotely. This result shows that a considerable fraction 20 of tree mortality and branch-fall events (~ 17 %) affect only the lower canopy and the understory of the forest and thus, are likely neglected by assessments of top of the canopy. Regardless the detection method, the size distribution of gaps in our study region was better captured by a Weibull function. As confirmed by our detailed field surveys, we believe that this pattern was not biased by gaps possibly undetected from image data. Although not related to differences in gap size, the main modes of tree mortality partially explained associated losses of biomass. The rate of gap area formation expressed as the percent per 25 month was positively correlated with the frequency of extreme rainfall events, which may be related to a higher frequency of storms propagating destructive wind gusts. Our results demonstrate the importance of combining field observations with remote sensing methods for monitoring gap dynamics in dense forests. The correlation between modes of tree mortality and gap geometry with associated losses of biomass provide evidence on the importance of small-scale events of tree mortality and branch fall as processes that contribute to landscape patterns of carbon balance and species diversity in Amazon forests.


Systemic crises typically reveal failures across the financial system. The crisis that unfolded over the past two years is no exception, with fundamental problems apparent in both the private and public sectors. There were massive failures of risk management in many financial firms and serious deficiencies in government regulation of financial institutions and markets. But the breadth and depth of the financial breakdown suggest that it has much deeper roots. In many respects, this crisis was the culmination of changes in both the organization and regulation of financial markets that began in the 1970s. An appropriately directed response must build on an understanding of this history.


A microsimulation model of the spread of Gambian sleeping sickness is described. The model focuses on the randomness of epidemic trajectories brought about merely by the random nature of fly bites on humans. There is a high level of variability in the trajectories, primarily due to the small sizes of the populations involved. There is an inverse relationship between the probability of initial extinction and the size of an epidemic flare-up when the disease takes hold. When a stream of one infected fly enters the focus every 3 days, a low-level endemic can be sustained with less variability. Implications and further subjects of study are briefly discussed.


The hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (HFLTS) is an effective tool to express the experts' subjective evaluations in the processes of decision making. To solve the problem with both qualitative and quantitative criteria in the context of HFLTSs and the crisp weights of criteria being unknown, this paper proposes a new multicriteria decision making method. First, formulas are developed to convert the quantitative data into the hesitant fuzzy linguistic elements. Then, motivated by the ORESTE method, we develop a new global preference score function to aggregate the criterion weights and criterion values, both of which are expressed as hesitant fuzzy linguistic elements. To get the real relation between alternatives, three preference intensity formulas are proposed and a hesitant fuzzy linguistic indifference threshold is introduced. We establish a conflict test framework after detailed research on the threshold values. On these bases, a new hesitant fuzzy linguistic ORESTE method is developed and the calculation process of this method is described. A case study on supplier selection is then presented to illustrate the method. Finally, some comparative analyses with other methods are conducted to show the practicability and reliability of the proposed method.


CEO-Speak: The Language of Corporate Leadership is a study of the written discourse of CEOs that is found in annual reports, corporate Web sites, congressional testimonies, and employee newsletters. The book contains 10 case studies of CEOs' writings from past and present megacorporations, including Enron, General Electric, Microsoft, Disney, and AOL. The organizations covered in the book represent both new and old economies and include two Canadian companies and a public-sector company. The authors, Joel Amernic and Russell Craig, are accounting and business professors and appropriately focus on accounting and financial reporting aspects of CEOs' written discourse. The authors claim to address two "under-examined aspects" of these texts: (a) the relationship between CEOs' written discourse and their companies' financial reporting and (b) the ideological, rhetorical, and metaphorical nature of CEO written discourse (p. 5). According to the authors, the written discourse of CEOs should be examined because of the substantial impact such texts have on their companies' stakeholders. Although scholars in rhetoric and professional communication have studied the impact of the written discourse of CEOs, much of this scholarship has focused on surface-level textual or visual features, with occasional references to context. My own survey of recent literature on such discourse in rhetoric and professional communication revealed a range of studies. For example, Prasad and Mir (2002) found that letters written by U.S. oil company CEOs between the mid-1970s and mid-1980s invoked the metaphor of orientalism to blame the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries for the domestic problems facing the U.S. companies. David (2001) reported how organizational writers use verbal and visual designs to create positive myths about their organizations and their CEOs. Crombie and Samujh (1999) analyzed a CEO letter that used negative themes to divert stockholders' attention from more pressing problems facing the company. Hyland (1998) Journal of Business and Technical Communication Volume 22 Number 1 January 2008 111-125 © 2008 Sage Publications http://jbt.sagepub.com hosted at http://online.sagepub.com


A numerical model described in part I [W. Zhang, C.-H. Kim, and T. DebRoy, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 5210 (2004)] was used to investigate the heat transfer and free surface flow during gas metal arc fillet welding of mild steel. Dimensional analysis was used to understand the importance of heat transfer by conduction and convection and the role of various driving forces on convection in the liquid weld pool. The calculated shape and size, finger penetration characteristic and solidified surface profile of the fillet welds were in fair agreement with the experimental results for various welding conditions. The calculated cooling rates were also in good agreement with independent experimental data. The effect of welding parameters on important weld bead characteristics was quantitatively studied using the numerical model. The results reported here indicate a significant promise for understanding and control of gas metal arc fillet welding processes based on fundamental principles of transport phenomena.


On the grounds of analysis results of the congenital clubfoot's treatments 120 children of the first year old the indications and contraindications to correction of the deformation by the soft redressmentory bandage were determinated, the particularities of their using were distinguished. The designed method raises the good results of the conservative treatment of the disease more then on 30% in contrast with the traditional methods. The efficiency correction of the congenital clubfoot by the soft bandage straightly depends on observance particularities of the repair of the deformation by the offered way.


Objective: to validate the nursing activities for intervention established by the Nursing Interventions Classification "chest tube care". Methods: content validation study carried out in two intensive units, in which 30 specialist nurses evaluated each activity belonging to the intervention "chest tube care, according to importance and objectivity. The activities were analyzed through a Likert-type scale to determine the index of content validation and reliability. Results: of the 38 activities that are part of the intervention, thirty-five were considered validated. The three non-validated activities were related to the determination of the indication for chest drain, availability of non-traumatic clamps, and occlusion of the device. Conclusion: based on the analysis of the participating nurses, the intervention could be considered as validated and feasible in the Brazilian care practice in order to facilitate the implementation of systematized care.


In this paper, we propose a website to exhibit the traffic information for every 5 minutes at certain places of street measured by three radio frequency identification (RFID) readers for 125 tags installed on two different urban-bus companies and transmit those information via GPRS modem from testing point to control center. Each data can be used to indicate the exact point of traffic condition in a big city. The result is very valuable for the local government to make a decision on the adjustment of urban-bus for their future use. The result shows that the application of RFID tag and reader is an alternative way to extract the traffic information instead of traditional loop detector. It is suggested that the vehicle speed estimated by 2 tags from RFID reader is more accurate than that of by 1 tag compared with historical data.


A dispersion-type fuel is defined and the advantages that might be gained by the use of such fuels are outiined. Two types of fuel are considered: oxide based and carbide based. The carbide fuel is illustrated by the carboncoated carbide fuel particle and the fabrication of such particles is breifiy described. The oxide fuel is illustrated by the systems BeO -- UO/sub 2/ , Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ -- UO/sub 2/, and MgO -- UO/s ub 2/, and the fabrication of such fuels is considered. The properties of the dispersed systems are considered in terms of the known properties of the various materials and the problems that exist with regard to phase stability, relative thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, and permeability are outlined. The dimensional stability of dispersed fuels under irradiation is considered and available information on the problem is presented. (auth)


A full-scale wind-tunnel test of a replica of Otto Lilienthal's Normalsegelapparat from 1893 was conducted in a closed low-speed wind tunnel. The goal was to determine the flight performance and ch...


In this paper, we discuss the properties of chain limit sets and limit sets of subsets in a metric space. We also strengthen a Conley's result.


Ten minutes ... twenty minutes went by, and still Mrs. Sastra talked on. Her mouth, which looked like a squirrel's snout, opened and closed like the hole in a pair of bellows. Her nostrils were as wide-open as a fish-net under water. The black hairs inside were visible, like the tentacles of a squid. As she spoke her spittle oozed between her teeth, dribbling on to her chin like snot from a child's nose.


The nitrite accumulation rate(NAR) is above 90% and stable after 20 continuous cycles(10 d) under low dissolved oxygen(DO) concentrations(1.0 mg·L-1) and high ammonia concentrations(220 mg·L-1) in a sequencing batch reactor(SBR).Then gradually decreasing the ammonia concentrations,the nitritation effect of six different levels has been deeply studied.The influence of free nitrite acid(FNA) and temperature on nitritation is also investigated.The results show that taking the measures combined by limited aeration,the inhibition of low DO concentration and high free ammonia(FA) during high ammonia concentrations and real-time control for low ammonia concentrations to avoid excessive aeration,the ammonia removal rate and sludge removal rate are steady at 0.301 kg NH+4-N/(m3·d) and 0.374 kg NH+4-N/(kg MLSS·d),respectively,after 130 days' operation.The NAR is steadily above 95%.SBR nitritation of low ammonia concentration is successfully started up.Meanwhile the inhibition of FNA to ammonia oxidation bacteria(AOB) is reversible,while slowly increasing in temperatures has very little effect on nitritation.


The article deals with the phenomenon of parceling modern Kazakh language, which became the subject of research in the last years, because this method is frequently used in literature. Division of syntactic constructions into small phrases originated form oral conversation, so in every language it has its own characteristics and peculiarities. In this article, possible division of individual parts of a simple sentence and their functions are shown through the Kazakh literature excerpts examples.


As a semi-structure data model,XML shows its powerful strength,particularly in the heterogeneous data integration.This paper has described the architecture of xml-based technology of heterogeneous data integration.And introduce key methods of this architecture in detail.


In this paper, adsorptive desulfurization of the gasoline produced from low-pressure hydrocracking of the atmospheric residue was studied. Gasoline obtained from such a process has a high sulfur content and is not suitable for use as a motor fuel without further desulfurization. A nickel-modified natural bentonite catalyst was developed and used in the process. The reaction temperature and flow rate were adjusted to maximize the sulfur removal efficiency while fixing the pressure at 2.5 MPa. Optimal sulfur removal was obtained at 270 °C and 1.0 h–1 feed rate, reducing the gasoline sulfur level from 450 to 32 ppm without affecting the hydrocarbon content and, hence, preserving the octane number. Sulfur adsorbs on nickel nanoparticles by forming nickel sulfide, and the catalyst can be regenerated by subsequent oxidation with air, followed by reduction with hydrogen gas.


The turbo-principle is more far reaching than the original turbo code concept. Encoded DPSK transmission, e.g., can be viewed as a serial concatenation of a channel code with a rate-one code representing the DPSK modulation. Iterative decoding of this concatenated scheme shows surprisingly good performance. We describe the serial concatenation of interleaved tail-biting convolutional codes (TBCC) with this DPSK rate-one code transmitted over AWGN and flat Rayleigh fading channels. The receiver performs time-continuous "turbo" iterations between the inner and outer codes and is realized by two analog ring networks connected via an interleaver ring which exchanges extrinsic information by means of analog signals being continuous in time and value.


Climate change, along with increasing population is a major challenge for food availability, accessibility, security in developing countries. The present day climate is actually the after effect of exploited use of natural resources in the past. Even agriculture sector played a role in it by changing the heterogeneous environment to a manmade homogenous area for crop cultivation. Conservation agricultural practices are developed to reduce the severity of these issues. An attempt is made to understand the concept; through structured literature review to identify the ideas associated. Increase in greenhouse gas emissions resulted in increase in global temperature and decreased fresh water availability. Agriculture practices like burning of litter, anaerobic decomposition of organic matter, rice grown under flooded conditions etc. releases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides to atmosphere. Cultivation using improved varieties, efficient cropping system, conservation tillage, proper crop residue management, cover crops and increased nutrient use efficiency tends to reduce the effect. Precision farming, use of slow release fertilizers, proper water management in rice fields, substitution of fossil fuels with crop residues, use of dung and energy crops, need specific agro forestry and grazing management practices have a profound effect on reducing greenhouse gas emission. Bio char produced from pyrolysis of plant and animal biomass sequestrates carbon, improves soil fertility, reduces pollution and enhances crop residue recycling. The data collected using CEAP and GRACE net efficiently depicted the long term and positive effects of these conservation measures to mitigate climate change. Proper cultivation practices thus reduces greenhouse gas emitted and it's after effects.


White albumin, dissolved in potassium alum solution in a concentration of 1.5 mg/ml was used as antigen, and was injected into the ear vein of a rabbit every other day for 12 times. The whole blood was removed on the 7th day following the last injection, and the separated blood serum was kept in an ice box after the addition of merzonin in the proportion of 1: 10000. The irradiated guinea pigs were injected with the rabbit's serum and were injected again with various concentrations of antigen into the abdominal skin after 24 hr. The skin reaction was examined a day later. After sensitization, 1.5 ml of 0.5% Evans blue solution per kg in weight was injected and immediately 0.1 ml of 1.0, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001% of antigen was injected subcutaneous in the abdomen, 30 min after which the state of skin reaction was studied. Arthus phenomenon was mostly inhibited on the 7th day after 200 r of x irradiation, and was gradually recovered and showed slightly increased tendency on the 28th day. The area of skin reaction in Arthus phenomenon was minimum on the day following 200 r and showed increased tendency on the 28th day. After 400more » r the Arthus phenomenon was mostly inhibited on the 7th day and the area of skin reaction became almost absent. Arthus phenomenon indicated by the Evans blue method showed a maximum area of skin reaction on the 7th day after 200 r, which was diffusely infiltrated with an unsharp margin and then gradually became small and sharply demarcated on the 28th day. The histological changes of the skin in the guinea pig following 200 r were slight with atrophy of the epithelium and no other changes seen. (Absts. Japan. Med., 1: No. 7, 1960.)« less


One of the most vital subjects before the country to-day is the efficient and economical handling and marketing of the products of the farm. It presents a problem of the first magnitude both from an agricultural and economic standpoint. Upon its correct solution hinges in great part the reduction of the high cost of living. Present systems of distribution of many agricultural products are indirect, wasteful, expensive, and even destructive. In this respect cotton suffers fully as much as any other crop. A complex commercial mechanism has been developed, many elements of which are distinctly not in the interest of the producer, the manufacturer, or the ultimate consumer. It is not too much to say that our present method is susceptible of a great deal of improvement at every step from field to factory. It has been estimated by close students of the question that the present slipshod and wasteful system entails an annual loss to the growers of from $25,000,000 to $70,000,000. It is impossible to do more than approximate the total loss, but it is certainly exceedingly large. It so happens that cotton, the purest known natural form of cellulose, will bear more abuse than any other crop material and still retain a large proportion of its value. It is so stable and enduring that it demands little care and gets less. Com, because of its perishable nature, demands better treatment and gets it. If our billion-and-a-half-dollar corn crop were treated half as badly it would no doubt shrink in value fully a half billipn dollars annually. There are com cribs on the farm and elevators and warehouses at the railroad stations and primary and secondary markets for the protection of our com crop. Still, 10 bushels of com, worth usually at primary market prices only from $5 to $6, require as much space for storage as a bale of cotton worth from $50 to $60.


A guidance scheme is proposed for orbital motion under continuous outward radial acceleration that is inversely proportional to the square of the radial distance from the sun. Such an acceleration regime would be realized under the minimagnetospheric plasma propulsion. The maximum attainable radial distance of the outbound trajectory is investigated, and a guidance scheme for achieving this target maximum distance is established under radial acceleration disturbances. The scheme not only provides a control law for continuous radial acceleration but also yields the amount and timing of impulsive maneuvers required to satisfy the guidance requirement at the terminal point. Nomenclature a = nondimensional semimajor axis ar = spacecraft acceleration component in the radial direction aθ = spacecraft acceleration component in the circumferential direction E [] =e xpectation operator g = magnitude of inward gravitational attraction of the sun i = subscript indicating radial distance node


Assisted by Susan Dimasi, Paola Di Trocchio. This handbook presents a selection of more than seventy European, American and Asian fashion-related items from the National Gallery of Victoria. Works have been selected for this publication to illustrate the strengths of the Gallery's holdings and to express its exciting diversity, with examples dating from antiquity to the present day. A select group of textiles has also been integrated into this volume; examples that broaden our understanding of key stylistic movements and reflect important synergies within the Gallery's holdings.


This introductory study explores the meanings and images of 'home' for a student living in student accommodation within the United Kingdom. It makes a case for the use of visual methodologies, as well as outlining their contribution to theorising the geographies of space, gender, and the home. In addition to furthering debates about the meanings of 'home', it establishes the visual as a valid form of sociological knowledge, ethnography, and representation, and adds to critiques of visual methodologies more broadly. Employing a combination of auto-photography and photo-elicitation methods, this study forms a collaborative effort between research participant and researcher, to create and interpret the visual images of 'home'. The setting of the 'home' – regarded as one of the most familiar places for its occupants – is defamiliarised and made strange and interesting again through the medium of photography. This study positions itself within this research gap and dilemma by building on existing work which has sought to 'make the familiar strange' through creative methodologies.


ABSTRACT A new geological-structural map of the southern Serre Massif (SM), in the south-central part of the Calabrian-Peloritani-Orogen (CPO), is provided. CPO is a ribbon-like microplates puzzle, originally belonging to the southern European Variscan Belt and, later involved into the Alpine geodynamics of the central Mediterranean Area. The SM represents one of the key European Variscan basement relicts, because of its exhumation mechanisms as well as for the absence of any Alpine metamorphic overprint. This map has the aim to better delineate the sequence of the Variscan blasto-deformational relationships consisting in a prograde multistage history, followed by an extensional/transpressional multistage retrograde evolution, which triggered the intrusion of the former plutonic products. The mylonitic fabric resulted finally replaced by the effects of the late- to post-kinematic plutonic intrusions coeval with a former late-Variscan exhumation stage, followed, during Mesozoic, by carbonate platform sedimentation, before to be completed exhumed during the Oligocene-Miocene Alpine stages.


Mathematical population models are constructed based on plausible explicit and implicit biological assumptions. While it is easy to incorporate explicit assumptions correctly in the models, those implicit ones are often ill treated or forgotten. Indeed, this happens to some well known models in the literature and examples of such will be mentioned and discussed. For a model to be logically credible, we must do our best to ensure that all assumptions are incorporated correctly and consistently. To this end, we exam a simple set of criteria proposed by Arditi and Michalski in 1996. For patchy models, we add an additional criterion to their list. We also add some important criteria in other specific situations and comment on modelling of single species growths. Following criteria of Arditi and Michalski and other well accepted biological assumptions, we introduce some interesting three dimensional predator-dependent (ratio-dependent) population models. We also discuss various aspects of modelling population fluctuations.


Background With improved survival of preterm infants, questions have been raised about the limit of viability. To provide better information and counseling for parents of infants about to be delivered after 22 to 25 weeks' gestation, we evaluated the mortality and neonatal morbidity of preterm infants born at these gestational ages. Methods We studied retrospectively all 142 infants born at 22 to 25 weeks' gestation (as judged by best obstetrical estimate) from May 1988 through September 1991 in a single hospital. Mortality in the first six months, including stillbirths, and neonatal morbidity (i.e., the presence of intracranial pathologic conditions, chronic lung disease, and retinopathy of prematurity) were analyzed. Results Fifty-six infants (39 percent) survived for six months. Survival improved with increasing gestational age; none of 29 infants born at 22 weeks' gestation survived, as compared with 6 of 40 (15 percent) born at 23 weeks, 19 of 34 (56 percent) born at 24 weeks, and 31 of 39 (79 percen...


Object Oriented Language is the familiar concepts in the programming environment.The core of ObjectOriented Programming is the object. OOPS language is widely used for creating larger projects.A class is a model, a blue print and describes the common features.]A class contains Functions, variables called fields, and behaviors.Objects are called instances of the class.[Haskell programming can support Functional concepts as well as object-oriented concepts. It supports type class bounded and to get different parameter-based polymorphism as same like Java and Dot net-orientedlanguages. Haskell supports for the OOPS concept of encapsulation,mutable state, inheritance,overriding.We are taking two languages of Haskell and Java for parameters for testing.We implement Object oriented concepts to both languages and process the programmed for getting result. Based on that result,we conclude which language are working faster than others.


By means of X-ray diffraction method,optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and rockwell hardness test,the microstructure of high chromium cast iron under different quenching temperatures,holding times and temper temperatures were analysed,the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of the iron were studied.The results show that after quenching at 970 ℃,holding for 4 h and tempering at 200 ℃,the cast iron exhibits impact hardness 62.8 HRC.With the increase of quenching temperature and holding time,the amount of carbon in austenite also increase,and this also happens in obtained martensite.When quenching temperature is too high and holding time is too long,there are too much carbon in austenite,the MS point falls down,which increases the amont of residual austenite.Therefore,the hardness of the matrix decreases.With the increase of temper temperature,more martensite disassemble and more carbides separate out,so the hardness of high chromium cast iron decreases.


The parent and toddler centers design a complex area of practice, mainly focused on prevention-oriented strategies and family empowerment. The paper presents the results of a research founded by the Italian Ministry of Education, called "Evaluation for the improvement of educational contexts. A research involving University and local communities in the participatory development of innovative assessment models". The research has been completed in 2013 and focuses on evaluation in parent toddler centers, here considered as highly complex socio-educational settings. The survey involved 17 Centers in the Verona region, and examined the different and sometimes conflicting evaluation models involved in practices and the professionals' perspectives on evaluation. The educators of 4centers have attended a process of shared construction through group reflection facilitated by researchers, aiming to build context-sensitive evaluation guidelines for the centers. This reflective process has enabled us to explore the relationship between assessment practices and the identity of the service, and to re-conceptualize the evaluation as a tool for improving practice and empowering professionals.


Temozolomide (TMZ) efficacy in high-grade glioma is related to O 6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase promoter (MGMTp) methylation. We compared the prognostic and predictive effect of MGMTp between DNA methylation profiling (the MGMT-STP27 model) and quantitative methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (qMS-PCR) in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) mutant (mt) anaplastic astrocytoma patients.

 The 2x2 factorial design phase III CATNON trial randomized 751 adult patients with newly diagnosed 1p/19q non-codeleted anaplastic glioma to 59.4 Gy radiotherapy (RT), RT with concurrent TMZ, RT with 12 cycles of adjuvant TMZ, or RT with concurrent and adjuvant TMZ. MGMTp methylation status was assessed with the MGMT-STP27 model using 850k EPIC data, and qMS-PCR. IDH1/2 mutation status was determined with a next-generation sequencing panel. Overall survival (OS) was measured from date of randomization.

 We identified 444 IDH1/2mt anaplastic astrocytoma patients of which MGMT-STP27 data was available for 440 patients (99.1%), qMS-PCR data for 361 patients (81.3%), and both for 357 patients (80.4%). MGMTp was methylated in 365 patients (83.0%) for the MGMT-STP27 model, and 168 patients (46.5%) for qMS-PCR. The agreement between the MGMT-STP27 model and qMS-PCR is 59.9% with a Cohen's Kappa score of 0.229. At database lock, 289 patients with MGMT-STP27 data were still alive and 236 patients with qMS-PCR data. The median OS of MGMTp methylated glioma patients was 9.1 yrs [95 % confidence interval (CI) 7.5-not reached] for the MGMT-STP27 model, and not reached [95 % CI 9.1-not reached] for the qMS-PCR data. For MGMTp unmethylated glioma patients, the median OS was 6.9 yrs [95% CI 6.2-not reached] for the MGMT-STP27 model, and 6.8 yrs [95% CI 6.2–9.7] for the qMS-PCR data. The hazard ratio (HR) for OS based on MGMTp methylation was 0.88 [95% CI 0.58–1.31] for the MGMT-STP27 data, and 0.72 [95% CI 0.50–1.03]) for the qMS-PCR data. The HR for OS after RT with any TMZ vs RT alone for the MGMT-STP27 model was 0.53 [95% CI 0.37–0.78] for MGMTp methylated, and 0.54 [95% CI 0.25–1.18] for MGMTp unmethylated glioma patients; and for the MS-PCR data was 0.34 [95% CI 0.19–0.61] for MGMTp methylated, and 0.53 [95% CI 0.33–0.85] for MGMTp unmethylated glioma patients.

 MGMTp methylation, regardless of assay, was neither prognostic nor predictive for outcome to temozolomide in IDH1/2mt anaplastic astrocytoma patients.


A campaign by eminent atheist Richard Dawkins to discredit religion makes little sense, says a Canadian ethicist. Richard Dawkins has done more than all religious people together to put God on the current public agenda. He is on a highly publicised, international campaign to convince the world that "religion is the root of all evil". I think he's seriously misguided, at best, and that his campaign is dangerous. Here are just a few of the reasons I think that.


This paper presents the modeling of the nine-phase interior permanent magnet machine (IPM) with and without damper windings for the clear understanding of its advantages such as fault tolerant and torque ripple reduction. This includes the influence of the higher order magneto-motive force (MMF) harmonics of the stator windings and the buried magnets for the improvement of the torque capability of the machine through injection of corresponding stator harmonic currents. The inductances are determined using the concept of winding functions for exact computer simulation based calculation and using Fourier components of the stator windings and the magnet flux for achieving closed-form expressions for the fundamental, third, fifth and the seventh harmonic components. Further analysis of the q-d equations of the nine-phase machine also shows the presence of low impedance circuits which could be excited under fault conditions signaling the detrimental effects of fault conditions on the multi-phase machines which may be avoided/reduced when the machine is connected into various three-phase sets. Some inductances showing their existence in different harmonic representation as well as experimental waveforms have been included.


Two year experiments were carried out in open field during fall growing season of 2011 and 2012 years, in newly reclaimed sandy soil, to study the response of squash cv. Ziena to complete replacement of mineral nitrogen fertilization by organic nitrogen source (chicken manure). This study included five treatments, i.e., 100 % mineral nitrogen fertilization, 100 % organic nitrogen fertilization and three additional treatments resulted from the combination of 100% organic nitrogen fertilization with seeds soaking in garlic extract, spraying seedlings by ethrel and both of them. Seed soaking in garlic extract treatments and/or seedling spraying by ethrel at 1-2 true leaf stage were applied as root growth enhancement and sex ratio modulating treatments aiming to overcome the negative impact of long day, high temperature and low availability of nitrogen in the soil resulted from organic fertilization. Data of plant length & leaves number at flowering stage, early, total yield and mean fruit weight were recorded and statistically analyzed. The obtained results showed that complete replacement of mineral nitrogen fertilization by chicken manure treatment was associated with slow plant growth, but early flowering and then lower fruit production. Whereas, additional treatments, i.e., soaking squash seeds in garlic extract, spraying squash seedlings with ethrel and both of them stimulate plant growth, increased female flowers ratio, and then improve fruit production and quality. Soaking seed in garlic extract treatment gave better result in all investigated item than spraying the seedlings with ethrel. In conclusion, the best results among the four organic fertilization treatments were obtained when squash seeds soaked in garlic extract before sowing gathering with spraying the seedlings with ethrel. In addition, there were no significant differences between this treatment and100 % mineral nitrogen fertilization treatment regarding to plant growth, mean fruit weight and early yield parameters. But it comes in the second significant grade as for total yield parameters after 100 % mineral nitrogen fertilization treatment.


In this paper, a solution of Wisdom Campus based on RFID-SIM is proposed. The Campus Smart Card System based on RFID-SIM is the important component of Wisdom Campus project, which makes the RFID-SIM mobile phone as a medium and connect the facilities of the campus to become an organic whole by means of computer and communications technology. The campus card based on RFID-SIM is one of the important method and medium applied in the Wisdom Campus application and the entry point constructed on the campus network platform of Wisdom Campus construction. In the solution of this paper, the network architecture, structure and function of the system are described in detail.


The invention relates to a composite metal piece and a manufacturing method thereof. The composite metal piece comprises a first metal board, a second metal board and an interlayer. One surface of the first metal board is provided with a plurality of first cone blocks and first lantern rings. The second metal board is pressed at the first metal board, and one surface of the second metal board is provided with a plurality of second cone blocks and second lantern rings. The first cone blocks are built in the second lantern rings, respectively, and the second cone blocks are built in at the first lantern rings, respectively. The interlayer is clamped between the first cone blocks and first lantern rings of the first metal board and the second cone blocks and second lantern rings of the second metal board. Therefore, the whole strength of the combined metal boards is increased, the manufacture process is simplified, and the manufacture time is shortened.


Eleven cases of thermal otic injury are reviewed. The final outcome of therapy, whether medical or surgical is poor--only two of 11 patients were restored to normal. The possible pathogenesis of failure is discussed. Most cases could have been prevented by wearing ear plugs.


Recently, a novel integrated optical waveguide 50/50 splitter was developed. It is fabricated using standard lithographic methods, a pair of etching steps and a laser reflow step. However, unlike other integrated waveguide splitters, the waveguide is elevated off of the silicon substrate, improving its interaction with biomolecules in solution and in a flow field. Additionally, because it is fabricated from silica, it has very low optical loss, resulting in a high signal-to-noise ratio, making it ideal for biosensing. By functionalizing the device using an epoxy-silane method using small samples and confining the protein solutions to the device, we enable highly efficient detection of CREB with only 1 μL of solution. Therefore, the waveguide coupler sensor is representative of the next generation of ultra-sensitive optical biosensors, and, when combined with microfluidic capabilities, it will be an ideal candidate for a more fully-realized lab-on-a-chip device.


We study a kinetic model for chemotaxis introduced by Othmer, Dunbar, and Alt [22], which was motivated by earlier results of Alt, presented in [1], [2]. In two papers by Chalub, Markowich, Perthame and Schmeiser, it was rigorously shown that, in three dimensions, this kinetic model leads to the classical KellerSegel model as its drift-diffusion limit when the equation of the chemo-attractant is of elliptic type [4], [5]. As an extension of these works we prove that such kinetic models have a macroscopic diffusion limit in both two and three dimensions also when the equation of the chemo-attractant is of parabolic type, which is the original version of the chemotaxis model. Introduction In [16] and [17] Keller and Segel introduced and studied a model for aggregation of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum due to cyclic AMP which is an attractive chemical signal for the amoebae. The model is of advection-diffusion type and consists of two coupled parabolic equations (1) ∂ρ ∂t = ∇ · (D(ρ, S)∇ρ− χ(ρ, S)ρ∇S), (2) ∂S ∂t = D0∆S + φ(ρ, S). Here ρ = ρ(x, t) denotes the cell density and S = S(x, t) is the density of the chemo-attractant. The cells are attracted by the chemical and χ denotes their chemotactic sensitivity. The substance S diffuses and is also produced by the amoebae. Typically φ(ρ, S) is given by (3) φ(ρ, S) = αρ− βS, α, β ≥ 0. where −βS is the loss term due to decay or external chemical reactions. The first rigorous derivation of the macroscopic chemotaxis equations from microscopic models, namely interacting stochastic many particle sytems, was given in [26]. In [4] a kinetic model of the equation (1) was discussed with a reduced version of the equation (2) which is the Poisson equation without decay term (4) −∆S = αρ. The following kinetic equation for the oriented cell density f = f(x, v, t) ≥ 0 is considered in [4, page 3] (5) ∂f ∂t + v · ∇xf = ∫ V (T [S]f ′ − T ∗[S]f)dv′, where x, v, and t indicate position, velocity, and time, respectively. Here the abbreviations f ′ = f(x, v′, t), T [S] = T [S](x, v, v′, t) and T ∗[S] = T [S](x, v′, v, t) are used. The cell density ρ fulfills


Unsharp masking is an effective enhancement tool to improve the visual quality of fine details in images. However, it also amplifies noisy and over-enhances steep edges. To address this problem, this paper proposes a parametric rational unsharp masking. It utilizes the horizontal and vertical gain factors to enhance image details in two directions independently. Experiments and comparisons are provided to demonstrate its excellent enhancement performance.


In this paper,the influence on gravity survey because of the earth deformation caused by the moon and the sun's universal gravitation is analyzed,and brings forward one handy computational model which can correct that influence on gravity survey relatively well and truly.


Disclosed is a switching circuit, by which power generated by means of a plurality of solar power generating modules can be efficiently used. The switching circuit (22) is used in a power generating system (1), and the switching circuit can switch the connection states of the power generating modules (21). The switching circuit performs switching between a first connection state wherein at least some of the power generating modules are connected in series, and a second connection state, wherein at least some of the power generating modules are connected in parallel or a generated power outputting unit is connected to an electric storage unit (3) such that the generated power is supplied to the electric storage unit from one of the power generating modules.


Feasibility of perpendicular magnetic recording up to an area density of 2.5 Tb/in2 is investigated. Magnetic grains of 4 nm diameter with 1 nm oxide layer are required to achieve such a high density. Thermal stability of the grains is achieved by increasing the overall thickness of the grain. Magnetocrystalline anisotropy is graded within a grain in such a way that nucleation and propagation of the reversed domain wall matches with the available head field. Different design specifications are investigated to achieve higher objective function, i.e., energy barrier per switching field.


In this paper, the spatial variation of stochastic ground motions at rock, which considering the factors of rupture velocity, number of subsources, depth of epicenter and propagation velocity, is studied. Corresponding to the elastic halfspace model with dislocation source of fault, nearfield ground motions are calculated by numerical simulation method for every stochastic sample. Finally, a coherency model for baserock site corresponding to dipslip fault by statistic method is proposed. As an additional approach, the method is effective to study spatial variation of ground motions. 


In order to enhance spatial details and reduce spectral distortions in the fused image, in this paper, we introduce a simple pan-sharpening way based on deep guided filtering network, our proposed method was designed by combining the deep guided filtering network with intensity hue saturation(IHS) transform. First, by using the intensity component(I) which is calculated from the up-sampled MS image via IHS transform; second, a deep guided filtering network is constructed to filter the panchromatic(PAN) image to extract a semantic detail map from the panchromatic image; third, the details are injected into every band of the up-sampled multi-spectral image to acquire the fused image by an adaptive injection, which will aid in controlling the quantity of the injected details. We empirically evaluated the proposed method under a several data-sets from the GEO-2, IKONOS2, and GF-2 satellites, and the results are compared with those of its counterparts. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can well-preserve spatial and spectral information, in both subjective and objective aspects. The results show that the proposed approach can acquire fusion results and outperform the other methods in-indices of SAM, RMSE, ERGAS, SAM, CC, UIQI and Q4. Keywords— Pansharpening, intensity-hue-saturation (IHS) transform, guided filtering network.


In this article, the effects of thermodiffusion of nanoparticles and solute in binary nanofluids and nanoparticles on the convective instabilities of a binary nanofluid is theoretically investigated. Thermodiffusion implies that mass diffusion is induced by thermal gradient, which is the so-called Soret effect. In order to analyze the convective instabilities of a binary nanofluid, a new stability criterion is obtained based on the linear stability theory and new factors g and f are proposed. The results show that the Soret effect of solute makes the binary nanofluids unstable significantly and the convective motion in a binary nanofluid sets in easily as the ratio of Soret coefficient of nanofluid to that of binary basefluid δ4 increases for δ4 > −1. It is also found that with an increase of the volume fraction of nanoparticles, the nanofluid becomes stable, but at or near ψ bf = − 0.3 the state of nanofluid changes from stable to unstable. The results from the addition factor analysis show that an asymptotic point of ψ bf where the maximum value of g diverges infinitely exists in the range of − 1.2 < ψ bf < − 1.1 with given conditions. The binary addition factor g is always higher than the normal addition factor f, which means that the heat transfer enhancement by the Soret effect in binary nanofluids is more significant than that in normal nanofluids.


To estimate the thrust characteristics of a low-power CW laser thruster, a single-wire torsion balance thrust stand was developed. To suppress the displacement of the arm of the torsion balance during the thrust generation, a PID control system was developed. As a result, suppression and control of the displacement of the arm was achieved and its position on the origin, or a focal point of the focusing lens, was successfully maintained. Moreover, from the control signal, the thrust could be estimated. Some preliminary thrust characteristics were also obtained.


Recently, the attention mechanism plays a key role to achieve high performance for Neural Machine Translation models. However, as it computes a score function for the encoder states in all positions at each decoding step, the attention model greatly increases the computational complexity. In this paper, we investigate the adequate vision span of attention models in the context of machine translation, by proposing a novel attention framework that is capable of reducing redundant score computation dynamically. The term "vision span"' means a window of the encoder states considered by the attention model in one step. In our experiments, we found that the average window size of vision span can be reduced by over 50% with modest loss in accuracy on English-Japanese and German-English translation tasks.


Undernutrition, or more precisely: malnutrition results in worse outcome in clinical practice. Recognition and treatment of different forms of malnutrition are not unconditionally easy in the daily routine, however, it could lead to significant improvement in the outcome. This review summarizes the most frequent forms of malnutrition and demonstrates the advantages of the systematic use of bioelectrical impedance analysis in patients undergoing chronic treatment either in hospitals or outpatient care. The importance of the method is still underestimated in Hungary as well as many other countries.


We present a three-dimensional hot Jupiter model, extending from 200 bar to 1 mbar, using the Intermediate General Circulation Model from the University of Reading. Our horizontal spectral resolution is T31 (equivalent to a grid of 48 × 96), with 33 logarithmically spaced vertical levels. A simplified (Newtonian) scheme is employed for the radiative forcing. We adopt a physical setup nearly identical to the model of HD 209458b by Cooper & Showman to facilitate a direct model inter-comparison. Our results are broadly consistent with theirs but significant differences also emerge. The atmospheric flow is characterized by a super-rotating equatorial jet, transonic wind speeds, and eastward advection of heat away from the dayside. We identify a dynamically induced temperature inversion ("stratosphere") on the planetary dayside and find that temperatures at the planetary limb differ systematically from local radiative equilibrium values, a potential source of bias for transit spectroscopic interpretations. While our model atmosphere is quasi-identical to that of Cooper & Showman and we solve the same meteorological equations, we use different algorithmic methods, spectral-implicit versus grid-explicit, which are known to yield fully consistent results in the Earth modeling context. The model discrepancies identified here indicate that one or both numerical methods do not faithfully capture all of the atmospheric dynamics at work in the hot Jupiter context. We highlight the emergence of a shock-like feature in our model, much like that reported recently by Showman et al., and suggest that improved representations of energy conservation may be needed in hot Jupiter atmospheric models, as emphasized by Goodman.


The "Viareggio 2013 Trial" is a hyperspectral dataset obtained from multiple overflights of the Italian city of Viareggio. Careful management of panels and vehicles in the scene enabled the development of valuable ground truth information. One pair of overflights occurred at different times on the same day, and another pair took place over different days. These data were used to compare and evaluate a variety of automated approaches for discovering anomalous changes. Co-registration of the images is acknowledged to be imprecise, so part of the challenge is to identify anomalous changes in a way that is robust to this misregistration. In particular, we employed a local co-registration adjustment (LCRA) algorithm to ameliorate the effects of misregistration; we employed non-maximal suppression (NMS) to take advantage of the discrete nature of the changes; and we used canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to reduce the dimension of our data. We found that, taken together, these improved the performance of the detectors in the low false alarm rate regime of operation.


The mobility of factors of production from the very beginnings of the theory of the optimal currency area (OCA) stands out as one of the primary mechanisms for achieving a balance of payments, i.e. sustainability of the monetary union (Mundell criterion). However, there is a significant qualitative difference between the monetary union of countries with similar income levels and the one with different development stages Namely, in the first case, labor mobility, as a rule, has short-term economic effects, while it has a longer-term (more negative) impact – especially on the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS). Many Eastern European countries, which expressed a desire to become part of European integration and the monetary union after the communist ruin, experienced this. In a previous paper, the authors set the thesis about "Impossible Trinity of Developing Countries". In this paper, the aspiration is to confirm the validity of this theory by analyzing Greece within the period 1999-2020, specifically observing the impact of three variables (fiscal policy, social development level, and level of economic freedom) on the emigration of the population under conditions of monetary union and labor force mobility. The results obtained in this research indicate that the fiscal policy in the observed period was the most significant factor in explaining migration trends. The implications for developing countries that are currently entering (such as Croatia) or intend to enter the monetary union with more developed countries in the future are particularly significant.


We have created a human chromosomal map of the location of known and candidate genes involved in primary lymphedema (PLE). This should facilitate further discovery and provide a basis for understanding microdeletions which cause lymphedema.


Traditionally, in most countries of Latin America, the management of water and water based services has been highly centralized in the public sector. Recently, as the role of government has been reconsidered, many services have been transferred to lower levels of government or to the private sector. At the same time, the emphasis given to water projects as basic development tools has given way to the environmental significance of good water management. Consequently, the approach to water resources management has been modified and space created for the adoption of some of the basic precepts enunciated in the Mar del Plata Action Plan and Agenda 21. In particular, in various countries consideration is being given to water management through river basin institutions.


We propose a mechanism for negative isotropic magnetoresistance in the hopping regime. It results from a memory effect encrypted into spin correlations that are not taken into account by the conventional theory of hopping conductivity. The spin correlations are generated by the nonequilibrium electric currents and lead to the decrease of the conductivity. The application of the magnetic field destroys the correlations thus enhancing the conductance. This effect can occur even at magnetic fields as small as a few gauss.


Market economy contains the most important cultural ethic phenomena of the mankind such as its unique cultural foundation, cultural consciousness and cultural pursuit. Set in the cultural background or the market economy, people should have many good morality and psychological quality. But the most fundamental and nuclear is the subjective personality of man. Economic culture not only challenges but also gives active answer to the current moral and psychological education.


THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COOPERATIVE INTEGRATED READING AND COMPOSITION (CIRC) LEARNING MODELS ON EXPOSITION WRITING ABILITY NEWS ON STUDENTS OF CLASS V SDI NO 21 BARRU DISTRICT SALOMONIThis study aims to examine the effectiveness of cooperative integrated reading and composition (CIRC) learning model on the ability to write news expositions in grade V students of SDI No. 21 Salomoni Barru Regency. The type of research used in this research is experimental research. The research design used, namely quasi experiment form  Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. This research was conducted  in SDI No. 21 Salomoni Barru Regency. The population, namely the entire Va.  and VB students  of  42  students. Sampling techniques, namely saturated sampling.  The instrument used in this research is the task of writing simple sentences with data collection techniques, namely the assignment. The collected data is then analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.The results showed that the ability to write news exposition using Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) learning in grade V students of SDI No. 21 Salomoni Barru District showed that students' understanding of writing news exposition texts showed an increase in the 9 students whose initial pretest implementation was still in the good category. While the ability to write news exposition without using Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) learning in grade V students of SDI No. 21 Salomoni Barru District from 22 students who participated in pretest before learning there were 12 students (54.5%) who have the ability to write news exposition texts that are in a very good categor. Furthermore, as many as 10 students (45.5%) who have the ability to write news exposition texts that are in a good categor. The results showed that in the implementation of pretest students the ability of students in writing news exposition texts is classified as effective. While in the posttest implementation after the implementation of CIRC learning obtained that the grades obtained by students are in the category of very effective. Thus, the implementation of learning using CIRC learning based on posttest results is declared effective.


Situated as it is on the north-western section of the Indian Ocean, the Cochin littoral has played a very significant role in the history of India. Despite being an extremely interesting region from the point of view of oceanographic studies, the Indian Ocean in general has been one of the least scientifically known regions of our planet.


The present study reveals the effect of nonlinear thermal radiation and magnetic field on a boundary layer flow of a viscous fluid over a nonlinear stretching sheet with suction or an injection. Using suitable similarity transformations, governing partial differential equations were reduced to higher order ordinary differential equations and further these are solved numerically using of Keller-Box method. Effect of flow controlling parameter on velocity, temperature and nanoparticle fluid concentration, local skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number and local Sherwood numbers are discussed. It is found that the dimensionless velocity decreases and temperature, concentration are increased with the increasing of magnetic parameter. The temperature profile is an increasing function of thermal radiation when it is increasing.


This paper reviews various considerations in planning for installation of a state-of-the-art, high-speed powder filler operated in an aseptic environment. It reveals the problems associated with installation qualification and validation, showing the performance improvement associated with the learning curve. Detailed knowledge of the product's physical characteristics, a close working relationship with the equipment vendor to facilitate customized modifications, and careful process monitoring to ensure quality is not compromised are required.


Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography( MECC) with amperometricl detection( AD) was used to determine three alkaloids( berberine,palmatine and jatrorrhizine) in Phellodendri Cortex and Coptidis Rhizoma. At the laboratory- built system a carbon disk electrode was used as the working electrode and the optimal detection potential was1. 150 V( versus Ag /AgCl). At 10 kV of applied voltage and a 65cm( i. d. 25 μm) length capillary,the three alkaloids were completely separated within 15 min in 0. 2 mol·L- 1H3BO3- 0. 05 mol·L- 1Na2B4O7·10H2O buffer( pH = 8. 45)including 0. 008 mol·L- 1sodium cholate( SC) and 3%( v /v) methanol. The linear ranges for berberine,palmatine and jatrorrhizine are 0. 37 ~ 32. 6,0. 98 ~ 41. 7 and 0. 25 ~ 25. 9 μg·mL- 1; respectively,and the limit detections are 0.15,0. 36,0. 08 μg · mL- 1. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of the three alkaloids in Phellodendri Cortex and Coptidis Rhizoma.


Thesis chapter. The fragility of quantum information is a fundamental constraint faced by anyone trying to build a quantum computer. A truly useful and powerful quantum computer has to be a robust and scalable machine. In the case of many qubits which may interact with the environment and their neighbors, protection against decoherence becomes quite a challenging task. The scalability and decoherence issues are the main difficulties addressed by the distributed model of quantum computation. A distributed quantum computer consists of a large quantum network of distant nodes — stationary qubits which communicate via flying qubits. Quantum information can be transferred, stored, processed and retrieved in decoherence-free fashion by nodes of a quantum network realized by an atomic medium — an atomic quantum memory. Atomic quantum memories have been developed and demonstrated experimentally in recent years. With the help of linear optics and laser pulses, one is able to manipulate quantum information stored i...


Film is the example of literary works which reflects the social issues that occur in a society. The writer is interested to analyze the social issue in The Blind Side. In this case, the writer intends to examine the role of sport in reducing racism that occur to an African American who lives in Tennessee, The United States of America. It also concerns his existence in the Whie American society in which its people have different skin colors. The writer uses two elements to analyze this thesis. They are intrinsic and extrinsic elements. The intrinsic aspect given in this thesis consists of two aspects, namely narrative aspect which includes character, setting, and conflict; cinematography aspect which includes shot size and sound. The writer uses racism and sport theory, where concept consists of stereotype, prejudice, dan discrimination. The Blind Side reflects the effects of racism towards an African American's existence in the mid of the white society. His struggle makes him accepted not only by his schoolmates but also by the society. Based on the explanation above, it is revealed that racism that occurs to an African American can be annihilated by his achievement in sport, in this case, football. Keywords: racism, football, social acceptance, African American


In this paper, we use trigonometric polynomial reconstruction, instead of algebraic polynomial reconstruction, as building blocks for the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) finite difference schemes to solve hyperbolic conservation laws and highly oscillatory problems. The goal is to obtain robust and high order accurate solutions in smooth regions, and sharp and non-oscillatory shock transitions. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the behavior of the proposed schemes. AMS subject classifications: 65M06, 65M99, 35L65


Critical competences are crucial to organisations, in particular to their marketing operations. This research joins in the important discussion on the ways by which enterprise marketing can be taught in the Higher Education sector, in whatever form or shape it takes.


Employment of hybrid prismatic/tetrahedral grids is a relatively new approach for viscous flow computations with 3D complex geometries. The body surface is covered with triangles, which provides geometric flexibility, while the structure of the mesh in the direction normal to the surface provides thin prismatic elements suitable for the viscous region. The outermost layer of the prismatic grid is then used as the inner boundary surface for a tetrahedral grid which covers the rest of the computational domain. The hybrid grid is employed for performing Navier-Stokes calculations in the prismatic region near the body and Euler calculations in the tetrahedral regions away from the body.

The generation method of hybrid prismatic/tetrahedral grids marches a triangulated surface mesh away from the body to form a semi-unstructured prismatic grid. Tetrahedra are then constructed which are linked directly to the nodes of the outermost prismatic layer. The hybrid grid is locally refined over both the prismatic and tetrahedral regions. Directional embedding of the prisms preserves the structure of the mesh in the normal-to-surface direction.


Vaccines have been licensed to prevent infection with approximately 25 different organisms [1]; of these, one-third are subunit vaccines containing critical antigens capable of inducing protective ...


This study investigated whether norms of self-disclosure of one's online and offline identity are linked to online disclosure of personal and intimate information. We expected online disclosure of personal and intimate information to be associated with norms of online disclosure. Secondary analysis of the 2006 Pew and American Life Survey of parents and teens data set was conducted to test the study's hypotheses. A weak relationship emerged between adherence to norms supporting the disclosure of offline and online personal information. Supporting theories of computer-mediated communication, our findings show a strong relationship between adherence to norms of online identity disclosure and the disclosure of personal information online through the posting of personal photos, videos, and an online profile.


Hydrothermally synthesized disordered ZnO nanowires were conformally coated with a-Si:H thin-films to fabricate three dimensional hybrid nanowire/thin-film structures. The a-Si:H layer formed a radial junction p-i-n diode solar cell around the ZnO nanowire. The cylindrical hybrid solar cells enhanced light scattering throughout the UV-visible-NIR spectrum (300 nm–800 nm) resulting in a 22% increase in short-circuit current density compared to the reference planar p-i-n device. A fill factor of 69% and a total power conversion efficiency of 6.5% were achieved with the hybrid nanowire solar cells using a spin-on indium tin oxide nanoparticle suspension as the top contact.


Effective thermal management system is critical for the safety, maintainability and reliability of the operation of space vehicles. The objective of the present study is to improve the current space-based active fluid loop (AFL). A self-driven adaptive cold-plate (SDACP) was proposed in this paper. The innovation relies on a novel energy-saving wax-actuated thermal switch assembly (TSA) which is highly integrated and competent in fulfilling multiple missions including temperature sensing, mechanical manipulation and flow regulation, decreasing the required power input in temperature control process and thus enhancing the overall operating economy. Ground-based validation experiments were organized to evaluate its temperature control precisions. Comparative studies were conducted at the same time to investigate the influence of the physical properties of actuators using different waxes on the thermal control performances.


Now that the results of the experiments have been presented in the foregoing pages i t remains to test how these results agree with earlier known facts about lens fluorescence and to test whether previously advanced theories concerning lens fluorescence are confirmed or gainsaid by the new findings. In the first place the variations with age in the intensity and spectral composition of lens fluorescence will be discussed. The experimental conditions under which these variations have been determined has made i t possible ~ by the application of general laws of fluorescence, which have not previously been thoroughly utilized in studies of lens fluorescence to apply essentially new points of view to the problems. As already pointed out in the Introduction. however, flnorescence is dependent on manifold different factors concerning the possible occurrence of which in the lens little or nothing is known. It is therefore a completely hopeless task to take into account all conceivable possibilities. The discussion must therefore be restricted to a few more generally accepted or more valid theories and these must be treated under the assumption that only a few factors influencing the fluorescence are active. Nevertheless, it will in many respects be impossible to reach further than to probabilities, possibilities or hypotheses. But, as these also contain a certain amount of known facts and constitute the first step to full knowledge, it has been considered better to report than to omit them.


The strong plasmon absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region render gold nano rods (GNR) amenable for biomedical applications, particularly for photo-thermal therapy. However, these nanostructures have not been explored for their imaging potential because of their weak emission profile. In this study, the weak fluorescence emission of GNR is tuned to match with the absorption of a photosensitizer molecule (PS), and the energy transfer from GNR to PS enhances emission profile of GNR-PS combination. GNR complexes generally quench the fluorescence emission of nearby chromophores. However, in the present study, through a competition of energy transfer, the complex retains or rather enhances the fluorescence. The excitation dependent energy transfer has been explained experimentally and theoretically using DFT calculations and CIE chromaticity diagram and power spectrum.  The final GNR-PS complex modified for tumor specificity serves as an excellent organ specific theranostic probe for bioimaging and dual modal therapy, both in vitro and in vivo. Principal component analysis designates photodynamic therapy as a better candidate than the photothermal therapy for long term efficacy, in vivo.


Mixed leg ulcer is a challenge in vascular diseases because both arterial and venous systems of the lower extremities are involved in the wound pathogenesis. Management is very difficult because the coexistence of the two conditions sometimes prevent to use compression bandaging, which is the cornerstone of venous leg ulcer treatment. It has been recently developed the so called gradient pump (GP), a novel device which permits to intermittently stop the flow in the femoral vein with a pneumatic cuff placed on the thigh. Subsequent release of the femoral vein compression determines a dramatic aspiration of the blood up-ward the heart, with synchronous and measured improved perfusion of the distal limb. We applied GP at 4 consecutive cases of multiple mixed painful ulcerations of the foot and leg scheduled for below knee and/or foot amputations. In all cases measure of pain by visual analogue scale significantly decreased; GP in most cases together intravenous infusion of synthetic prostacyclin led to improvement and/or minimal amputation. Therefore such a management can be done on outpatient bases, allowing a considerable lowering of health costs. We conclude that GP could be a valuable tool in the arsenal of mixed leg ulcer clinical assessment.


Tb4O7: CaWO4 glass ceramics with CaWO4 (41–1431) as the main crystalline phase were prepared by the melt crystallization method. The effects of holding time on the crystal phase, transmittance, and fluorescence intensity of glass ceramics were studied. As the increase of holding time, the crystal phase does not change, the transmittance decreases gradually, and the fluorescence intensity first increases and then fade. The optimum heat treatment conditions were determined: heat treatment at 750°C for 70 min. Tb4O7: CaWO4 glass ceramics exhibit blue, green, and red light under the excitation of 245 nm light, and the green light emission at 545 nm is the strongest, which is attributed to the 5D4 →7F5 transition of Tb3+. Under the same heat treatment conditions, the emission spectra of Tb4O7 with different doping concentrations were studied, and the optimum doping concentration was determined as 0.6 mol%.


For the past thirty-five years, the layered aquifer system of Central Veneto (Italy) has seen an increasing demand of water for domestic and private uses and a significant reduction of groundwater heads. During these years the origin and development of important groundwater pollution phenomena in the relevant aquifers has been revealed by a quality monitoring system. These aquifers are particularly vulnerable because of the presence of industrial activity in areas characterized by high permeability soils highly susceptible to contaminants transport.
The presenti thesis deals with mathematical models of the relevant processes (flow and transport), jointly with their field validations.
The regional groundwater flux model developed is a large scale scheme originating from detailed studies of the hydrogeological system including: accurate reconstruction of the geological model; hydrogeological characterization; estimates of the groundwater fluxes for mass balance. The three-dimensional flow model allows for the establishment of causal relationships between withdrawal of water (whatever the production layer, and the extracted flow rates) and the fluctuations of piezometric heads anywhere in the system. Its purpose is to provide boundary conditions for the study of flow models and specifically of transport models at smaller scale.
The chief aim of this work is to develop a three-dimensional transport model of solutes within the heterogeneous aquifer systems, in order to obtain long-term predictions of pollutant migration into geologic deposits characterized by variable hydraulic properties. The transport model is implemented according to different numerical approaches: first, a finite elements method is adopted, secondly a Lagrangian approach (Particle Tracking) is taken into account and, finally, the advection-dispersion equation in groundwater, used to describe solute transport in porous media, is solved by a time-splitting technique.
During the present study field experiments have been carried out, which consisted in monitoring solute plume via tracer tests in a heterogeneous aquifer. Concentration data are then used for aquifer parameter identification, necessary for model calibration. The movement of a saline tracer in the subsurface has been monitored via electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) from the surface. The spreading of the solute plume measured in the field experiment permits for an estimate of the actual transport properties in the heterogeneous medium in terms of dispersivity parameters. These parameters are then applied to transport models on a regional scale.
The transport model implemented has allowed for a better understanding of the regional groundwater system and of its transport-related properties. The model is suggested to predict well the evolution of real transport phenomena, so it is deemed of a certain importance for the management of water resources in the area.


This paper is the second in a series of three papers discussing planning, land use and public transit in Charlotte-Mecklenburg, North Carolina. The paper presents innovations in projecting transit ridership.


Objectivity has its home in the waking life. Dreams welcome unreason. So much is familiar to all good rationalists in the Western tradition. Yet there are ways to weave dreams into knowledge, evidence, and proof, a fabric beloved by Aristotle, sought after by the Enlightenment, and respected by a host of small-time, old-time rationalists like myself. How do we do it? By putting dreams in places, or places in dreams. But it is a slippery operation. I shall end by wondering if it is not the dreamer who has made the place for objectivity, and still runs it, behind the scenes. Dreams are either significant or not-where "significant," as we shall see, can have many meanings. Significant dreams, in the cultural tradition with which I identify, are characteristically associated with place, although, as is the way with dreams, the role of place is protean; the place may be the place in which the dream is dreamt, or a place in the dream; "place" is itself a trope that is freely moved about. There seem to be no compelling reasons why this should be true. We do know that reasoners from time immemorial do dismiss dreams, and fail to locate them; the antireasoners take dreams seriously, and as part of their strategy seem always to fit them into place, generously understood. That is how, in any world with a craving for objectivity, dreams are made "objective"-by embedding them in place, or by embedding places in them. Descartes is curiously interesting here, for he wrote down three dreams at the moment of his epiphany, when he was twenty-three years old. He took them to be highly significant, as portents of his future life as a philosopher. I argue that his dreams fit well into my theme of place and that Descartes created reason for himself out of this unreason. I. MY CULTURE


Due to the enermous roles of cyclodextrin combining with small organic molecules, more recent interests study about the manipulation of cyclodextrin structure giving better performance for any kinds of field but they presented long synthetis steps as producing the precursors. This study points out the synthesis of precursor of β-cyclodextrin analouges with maltotriose as raw materials giving the short synthesis steps. The product structures were analysed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Specstroscopy,and characterised by 1H-, 13C- NMR, COSY NMR, and ESI Mass Spectroscopy. The result showed that O-acetylation reaction produced maltotriose derivative 1 (95%), thioglycosidation reaction produced maltotriose derivative 2 (54%), de-acetylation reaction produced maltotriose derivative 3 (97%), O-benzylidation reaction produced a mixture of maltotriose derivatives 4, O- methylation reaction produced maltotriose derivative 5 (46%) and de-benzylidation reaction produced maltotriose derivative 6 (85%).


The invention discloses an anti-single event effect static random access memory unit, which can effectively improve the single event upset resistance of a static random access memory (SRAM) unit and remarkably increase an upset threshold of an SRAM. The SRAM unit is a 14-transistor memory unit, and comprises two access N-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistors and two phase inverters, wherein each phase inverter consists of six metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistors. Different from the phase inverters forming the most basic six-transistor unit, the inverter structure of the anti-single event effect SRAM unit regulates a level by the two NMOS transistors as drive transistors, two P-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistors as load transistors and a transmission gate consisting of the PMOS transistor and the NMOS transistor so as to realize the anti-single event upset of the memory unit. The SRAM unit has a relatively simpler structure, and is easy to realize in the designing of a radiation resistant SRAM chip.


Thispaperintroduces a newmethod for 2. Extraction parameters ofquartz extraction parameters ofquartzequivalent circuit. cirui Temperature dependencies ofparameters inextended equivalent circuit temperature range werecarried outbymeasurement bya Thefirst step incalculating thecircuit parameters in sixportreflectometer. Thealgorithm wasimplemented in thedatathatwasprovided bytheportable network Matlablanguage withprogrammed graphical user analyzer wastotranslate theSI1values into admittance interface. values ateachfrequency. Thiscanbedonebytheequation.


We read with interest the article by Drs. Qaqish and Sims pertaining to bone disorders associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The authors mention hypogonadism as a secondary cause of osteoporosis in HIV-infected individuals but fail to address the importance of this topic. By providing additional information, we hope that readers will understand the implications of HIV-associated endocrinopathies and their effects on bone density. Past analyses of HIV-infected men demonstrate that 30–50% are hypogonadal. 3 As disease severity progresses, so does the risk of hypogonadism. 3 Male hypogonadism is divided into two types: hypogonadotropic and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Men who are HIV positive have mixed hypogonadism (both types) due to HIV infection complications (e.g., weight loss, accompanying infections, Leydig cell destruction) and associated treatment regimens, ultimately diminishing appropriate hypothalamicpituitary-testicular axis responsiveness. 6 Investigators have long appreciated the risk of hypogonadal bone disease. Men with hypogonadism have lower bone mineral density (BMD) than their eugonadal counterparts. Elderly men with androgen deficiency have higher fracture risks. 12 Prostate cancer– associated androgen deprivation (after treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues) results in deleterious BMD trends. Estrogen, one of testosterone's metabolites, also plays a role in male BMD. Men infected with HIV have suboptimal circulating testosterone and/or estrogen concentrations, which contribute to their impaired BMD. Young (age < 30 yrs) hypogonadal HIV-infected men are at risk for not achieving peak bone mass. Androgen therapy in hypogonadal, HIVnegative men beneficially influences BMD, especially in men with lower pretreatment testosterone levels and lower baseline BMD (Table 1). Trabecular bone loss appears most sensitive to the effects of androgen deprivation. In accordance, spinal trabecular bone is highly responsive to androgen therapy. 20 Androgen replacement therapy improves a variety of male HIV-associated comorbidities. 22, 24–26 Although, to our knowledge, no data exist on the effects of androgen therapy on BMD in hypogonadal, HIVpositive men, it is plausible to expect similar results as those seen in hypogonadal, HIVnegative men. This hypothesis is supported by significant BMD improvement in eugonadal, HIVinfected individuals after androgen use.


Intrapellet H2 and CO concentration gradients within catalyst pellets during Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis lead to lighter and more paraffinic hydrocarbon products than when intrapellet diffusion limitations are negligible. These transport restrictions decrease both H2 and CO concentrations near catalytic sites and lead to significant changes in product selectivity. Time-on-stream experiments show that after an experiment is started methane and paraffin/olefin ratios increase rapidly while CO conversion and C5+ selectivity decrease on diffusion-limited pellets until steady state is reached. These changes are not observed on pellets free from transport limitations. Our results indicate that CO concentrations decrease continuously and to a greater extent than H2 concentrations from the exterior to the center of large liquid-filled pellets. Extreme intrapellet diffusion restrictions totally deplete CO near the pellet center and restore the hydrogenolysis activity of Ru which is otherwise strongly inhibited by CO during FT synthesis. In the absence of CO, large hydrocarbons that are removed slowly from liquid-filled catalyst pores undergo extensive hydrogenolysis on Ru sites close to or at the center of the pellets, leading to lower wax yields and to higher methane and light paraffin selectivity.


During Modernity, the process of bankrupting of the institutions responsible to support stable references to people increases. This article refers to the new configurations of this process and tries to comprehend, in the context of the society of consumption, the meaning of "post-traditional identity" (Slater). In fact, the act of consuming is kind of an existential necessity, that is, an easy way to get to identity business. This tendency favors selfish attitudes, in which the private world takes advantage of the public world, this being treated as a space of self realization. One of the principal consequences of it is the distance between freedom and its political dimension. The article offers an analysis of this scenery background, pointing out the way how the logic of consumption influences the contemporary sociability, compromising the interest to the public dimension of human being existence.


Partial fuel filling in pulse detonation engines (PDEs) is a fuel-filling strategy in which only a part of the PDE tube is filled with a combustible mixture and the rest of the tube with a nonreactive mixture. The structures of the pressure waves in the flowfield in partially filled PDEs are illustrated in detail by systematic numerical simulations. The simulations show those pressure waves control the development of the flowfield and, hence, the thrust production of the PDE. Based on the pressure information from the simulations, performance analysis is also conducted. The analysis shows that for a fuel section of a given length the impulse increases with the length of the nonreactive section, eventually approaching an asymptotic value. Hence, the partial fuel filling in a PDE increases the fuel-based specific impulse I f sp, which represents an improvement in the fuel efficiency for air-breathing applications, similar to the benefit generated by the bypass air introduced in gas-turbine jet engines. However, it does carry a penalty of reducing the total-mixture-based specific impulse I m sp because less chemical energy is contained per unit volume. As a consequence, the total engine output from a PDE partially filled with the combustible mixture is lower compared to that from one fully filled with the combustible mixture. Lower I m sp also implies reduction in fuel efficiency for PDE rocket applications.


Mixed logit (MXL) is a general discrete choice model thus far unexamined in the study of multicandidate and multiparty elections. Mixed logit assumes that the unobserved portions of utility are a mixture of an IID extreme value term and another multivariate distribution selected by the researcher. This general specification allows MXL to avoid imposing the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) property on the choice probabilities. Further, MXL is a flexible tool for examining heterogeneity in voter behavior through random-coefficients specifications. MXL is a more general discrete choice model than multinomial probit (MNP) in several respects, and can be applied to a wider variety of questions about voting behavior than MNP. An empirical example using data from the 1987 British General Election demonstrates the utility of MXL in the study of multicandidate and multiparty elections.


Two proteases capable of decreasing dough strength when added to wheat flour were purified from Maitake and these were both thought to be peptidyl-Lys metalloendopeptidase. The major purified protease SP-3-A hydrolyzed high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits preferably to the other glutenin subunits. SP-3-A cleaved peptide bonds adjacent to the N-terminal of lysine in the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit.


The uneven temperature field caused by the local instantaneous heating of the laser generates the thermal stress during the selective laser sintering. The stress causes the deformation of parts, affecting the precision and mechanical properties. However, it's difficult to directly measure the stress history and deformation behavior during processing through experimental methods due to its ultra-high temperature and closed cavity. In this paper, the effects of laser power and scanning speed on the stress field and deformation of polyamide 6 by selective laser sintering were systematically investigated. The results showed that as the laser power increased or the scanning speed decreased, the z-direction stress and deformation of the specimens increased. Based on the inherent strain method, the deformation behavior of large-size parts was evaluated and in good agreement with experiments, which can guarantee the accuracy of the model and predict the deformation of parts.


Capital structure refers to permanent financing of the firm that includes mix of company's long-term debt, specific short term debt, common equity and preferred equity. Capital through the form of optimum capital structure performs the function as providing a cushion of protection against risk of failure and promoting public confidence in the long run viability of financial firms like banks by absorbing financial and operating losses until management can address the institutions' problems and restore its profitability. The study attempts to indentify the determinants and analyze their impact on capital structure of commercial banks in Bangladesh. For the study purpose, we have used data of 30 private commercial banks in Bangladesh listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) Limited over a period of 10 years from 2007 to 2016. The research is done through econometric procedure in estimating the relationship between bank's capital structure and its key determinants. The ordinary least square (OLS) technique is used to obtain the numerical estimates of the coefficient that measures the extent of impact of the determinants on the capital structure of banks. Analysis reveals that profitability and size of the bank have significant negative relation whereas risk has significant positive relation with capital structure of banking sector. Liquidity, age, tangibility and asset growth demonstrate no significant impact on the capital structure of banking industry in Bangladesh.


Introduction: Delayed Gadolinium enhancement (Gd-DE) is able to detect regions of fibrosis due to myocardial infarction [1]. Gadolinium, however, cannot be given to patients with cardiac disease who also have renal impairment. A strong need thus exists to develop novel techniques, using endogenous contrast mechanisms, to detect myocardial infarction by MRI. We have recently defined the tractographic propagation angle (PA) as a tool for measuring changes in myocardial architecture using diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) [2]. Here we study whether image segmentation based on the tractographic PA can be used to delineate myocardial infarcts without the need for exogenous contrast agents. Normal human hearts (n=5) and infarcted sheep hearts (n=5) were studied ex vivo. Infarcted mice (n=5) were imaged in vivo.