In Human Resource Management, the first step is Recruitment and Selection and employees' performance appraisal is the last step to identify the successes or failures of any organization. Excellent service delivery begins with top management performance of recruitment and selection practice. HR strategical practice relatively brings changes to organizational performance. Therefore, it is vital, to be honest, successful, and independent to pass all the recruitment and selection stages. Most of the studies have proved the relationship between recruitment and selection that has high impacts on organizational performance. The purpose of this study is to discover the recruitment and selection practice of the civil service sector in the Maldives. The study analyses past literature and the secondary data gathered from different sources like; official publications of respective authorities, websites, Journals, and Books. Particularly, the critical literature review investigated the significance of recruitment and selection practices, as predictors of quality in the Civil Services delivered by the Government in the Maldives. The research study gives useful insight, evidence, and contributes to finding an uncover critical area to fill up the literature gap of recruitment and selection practice. As per the conclusion, the study shall conduct quantitative research to discover a further issue and analyze the research gap; how recruitment and selection practice impacts organizational performance in the context of the Civil Service Organization in the Maldives.


Purpose:To study the changes of t-PA ?u-PA expression and fibrinolysis molecular mark ers in patients with gastric or intestinal cancer in order to elucidate their cl inical significance. Methods:The plasma levels of t-PA ?u-PA ?u-PAR and PAP were measured by ELISA . Gen e transcription of t-PA?u-PA mRNA were detected by Real-time RT-PCR. Results:The plasma levels of u-PA?u-PAR and PAP were elevated in gastric or intestina l cancer patients ,while u-PA was markedly elevated in patients with local infi ltration?lymph node involvement or distal metastasis. u-PA mRNA was higher and t-PA was lower in gastric or intestinal cancer compared to normal tissue. Conclusions:Hyperfibrinolysis was an important factor related with m etastasis potential of gastric or intestinal cancer. t-PA may be a character of well differentiated tissue.


Both 2S, 3R-[2, 3-2H2]-serine 5 and 2S, 3S-[3-2H]-serine 6 have been prepared from (E)-methyl-[2, 3.-2H2]-acrylate and (Z)-ethyl-[3-2H]-acrylate, respectively. The acrylate esters were converted to a mixture of isomeric bromohydrins by treatment with N-bromoacetamide. The ratio of 2-bromo-3-hydroxy species to the 2-hydroxy-3-bromo isomer was approximately 3:1. Conversion to the corresponding azido alcohols by treatment with NaN3 followed by catalytic reduction over Pd gave the alkyl esters of serine and isoserine. Purification and hydrolysis yielded serine in typically 20–25% yield from methyl or ethyl acrylate. Resolution was accomplished enzymatically by hog kidney acylase I treatment of the N-acetyl derivative. Absolute configuration was determined by 1H NMR and the ratio of proton intensity in the diastereotopic positions at C–3 were measured to be HS/HR = 11 for 5 and HR/HS = 4.4 for 6.


Abstract. In recent years several researches have been done on different ways of analyzing and designing arch dams but most of them were involved with cumbersome calculations and heavy loads of computations. In this paper a novel approach for dynamic analysis of arch dams is presented. The most commonly accepted method for analyzing arch dams assumes that the horizontal water load is divided between arches and cantilevers so that the arch and cantilever deflections are equal at conjugate points in all parts of structure. In this the arch dam is modeled as non-prismatic curved beam resting on continues elastic foundation. Based on structural and mechanical principals, a flexibility based method is used to evaluate exact structural matrices and by introducing the concept of basic displacement functions (BDFs), it is shown that dynamic shape functions are derived in terms of BDFs. The flexibility basis ensures the true satisfaction of equilibrium equations at any interior point of the curved element. Dynamic stiffness matrix is evaluated by solving the governing equation of motion. Differential Transform method, a powerful numerical tool in solving of ordinary differential equations, is used for this purpose. The method is capable of modeling any curved element whose crosssectional area and moment of inertia vary along beam with any two arbitrary functions and any type of cross-section with just few numbers of elements so that it can be used in most of engineering applications concerning non-prismatic curved beams and arch dams in particular. In order to verify the competency of the method, a numerical example are presented and the results and convergence of them are compared with other methods in the literature.


Online questionnaire is an emerging method for social science researchers to perform their survey. Although there are many data analysis software tools nowadays, such as SPSS, SAS, and Excel etc., to assist the students in analyzing the data of their surveys. However, the intentions of users for using the software tools cannot be probed and utilized to help the users operating them, so it will cause many errors on the students' analysis results due to the misusage of software and result in that learning how to use the data analysis software tools based upon the students' intentions becomes very time-consuming. Moreover, because the software operating procedures of the students are not recorded, the teachers cannot find out the students' misconceptions. In this paper, we acquire the knowledge of using SPSS software and then apply the Simulator Generator concept proposed in previous research to build an online web-based SPSS software simulator for the students to emulate the operating process of SPSS software. Based upon the acquired frequent patterns of misuse, the teacher can design action routines embedded in the simulator to instantly detect the frequent error action patterns and help the students to rectify their misconceptions. Moreover, the teacher can trace and analyze the students' learning statuses according to the logs generated from online SPSS Simulator. Using Simulator Generator, writing grammar rules is essential, but it is not easy for teachers. The knowledge of using SPSS software are largely identical but with minor differences. Thus, an SPSS Functional Ontology is proposed according to the features of SPSS software and the corresponding grammar rules are constructed in this research. Teachers just need to do some minor adjustments on the differences and the action routines, and then the new simulator will be generated automatically.


Study about enunciative results of the inevitable presence of talking in the language of songs. While conceiving the lyrics, the composer not only proposes its content but also voice modulation unities (ways of saying) that imply in melodic depiction, attributing oral value to it. These voice modulations elect the performer as the focus of the song. Besides the enunciative marks of the lyrics, which many times define a lyrical "me" by themselves, voice modulations contribute to the listener's sensations that described feelings in the verses are experienced here and now by the singer. It includes examples from the Brazilian repertory.


About 75% of women who suffered from ovarian cancer are in advanced stage at diagnosis.Furthermore,both multi-drug resistance and side effects limited therapeutic effects of chemotherapy,resulting in poor prognosis and low 5-year survival rate of these women.Though hypothalamus-pituitary hormones are the key regulators of ovarian function,they have specific distribution patterns and signaling transduction network in ovarian cancer.These features may provide novel approaches and strategies for etiologic and therapeutic researches of ovarian caner.


Cars, environment sensors, or home-deployed appliances can be connected to the Internet or are accessible via the Internet which becomes the Internet of Things (IoT). Implementing an IoT network presents challenges in terms of security and privacy, as well as limitations related to communications and management. Cloud technology is considered as an effective solution for managing IoT systems by moving all complex processes to the cloud and making them accessible to users. Adopting cloud technology can improve the reliability and scalability of IoT systems. However, introducing the cloud paradigm is not a straightforward task. Edge computing was proposed to avoid some of cloud limitations such as latency and security concerns, but it has its own constraints in terms of storage, computing and mobility. This paper discusses the possibility of managing an IoT system by a cloud-edge system. It introduces the cloud and fog computing technologies for addressing IoT limitations. In addition, critical metrics are identified for the purpose of assessing the advantages and difficulties of these technologies. Finally, this paper is proposing a framework able to handle the mentioned limitations, balance the services among the cloud and the edge servers, and boost the overall performance.


This article explores the relationships between settled hunter-gatherers and their neighbors in Central Borneo. Most previous studies have examined the relationships between Penan/Punan and farmers in Borneo. In these studies, inter-ethnic relations are described mainly as patron-client relationships, based on their forest products trade. However, hunter-gatherers who lived in the middle reaches of the rivers could have more frequent contact with more numerous neighboring groups. In other words, these groups have a different interaction model from the Penan/Punans who lived in the upper reaches of rivers. In addition, the contemporary relationships between settled hunters and neighbors, including Chinese, have not been well argued. Therefore, this article aims to explore the plural ethnic relations between settled hunter-gatherers and Chinese, as well as other ethnic groups. It describes the Sihan, minority settled hunter-gatherers living in the upper Rajang River of Malaysian Borneo. Two points are discussed using field data, including oral history, which the author has collected since 2003, and the government gazette. The first point is the historical plural inter-ethnic relations of the Sihan. When living along the middle Rajang River during the 19 th century, the Sihan had daily close relationships with Lugat, Bekatan and Lisum. On the other hand, they had been embroiled in Iban headhunting and political conflict by Kayan. Economically, the Sihan had trade relations with Chinese since the 19 th century. The second point examined in this article concerns the change of inter-ethnic relations in contemporary life. The Sihan have strong economic relations with Chinese. Most of them work for the Chinese and live in rental houses owned by Chinese in Belaga Town. On the other hand, Sihan have marital ties with various ethnic groups. As a result, it discusses how individuals have diversified relationships with their neighbors.


In this paper, we propose two interference mitigation techniques to enable the coexistence of fifth-generation new radio (5G-NR) with existing incumbent systems at millimeter frequencies. In particular, we propose to assign offsets, or bias values, to the base station beams such that users are discouraged to associate to the beams that are aligned with the incumbent receiver. We present a case study to evaluate the 5G uplink interference experienced at an existing incumbent in a dense urban city. Our results show that beam biasing provides better balance in 5G coverage and interference protection when compared to spatial exclusion zones.


Cloeodes incus is recorded for the first time for Argentina. Nymphs were collected using Surber net and kick sampling in Pircas and Ajedrez rivers (Jujuy: Rinconada) at altitudes above 4000 masl. There were two annual field trips: at the end of the rainy season (April) and at the end of the dry season (November), during the years 2011 and 2012. This study allows extending the distribution of C. incus in the Central Andes and incorporates environmental and hydrological information of the selected sites. The highest values of density were obtained at the end of the dry season, with little amount of water and a pH of 7.1 to 8.1. Their presence was also recorded downstream of mining activities, with a pH of 3.7.


Recent evidence shows that warm semi‐arid ecosystems are playing a disproportionate role in the interannual variability and greening trend of the global carbon cycle given their mean lower productivity when compared with other biomes (Ahlström et al. 2015 Science, 348, 895). Using multiple observations (land‐atmosphere fluxes, biomass, streamflow and remotely sensed vegetation cover) and two state‐of‐the‐art biospheric models, we show that climate variability and extremes lead to positive or negative responses in the biosphere, depending on vegetation type. We find Australia to be a global hot spot for variability, with semi‐arid ecosystems in that country exhibiting increased carbon uptake due to both asymmetry in the interannual distribution of rainfall (extrinsic forcing), and asymmetry in the response of gross primary production (GPP) to rainfall change (intrinsic response). The latter is attributable to the pulse‐response behaviour of the drought‐adapted biota of these systems, a response that is estimated to be as much as half of that from the CO2 fertilization effect during 1990–2013. Mesic ecosystems, lacking drought‐adapted species, did not show an intrinsic asymmetric response. Our findings suggest that a future more variable climate will induce large but contrasting ecosystem responses, differing among biomes globally, independent of changes in mean precipitation alone. The most significant changes are occurring in the extensive arid and semi‐arid regions, and we suggest that the reported increased carbon uptake in response to asymmetric responses might be contributing to the observed greening trends there.


In this paper I will show a little of the borgian thought on/concerning translation. In order to do that I will use, in chronological order, the following texts of the author: "Las dos maneras de traducer" (1926), "Las versions homericas" (1932), "Los traductores de las mil y una noches" (1934), "Pierre Menard, autor Del Quijote" (1939) and "El enigma de Edward Fitzgerald" (1951). Along with that I will make approximations between the way of thinking or Borges and the way of thinking of some translation theorists: Schleiermacher, Benjamin, Leopardi.
Keywords: Borges, translation, theory.


|We report the results of some experimental outdoor eld trials which demonstrate the hardware feasibility of xed broadband wireless radio links with spectral e ciencies in excess of 50 bit/sec/Hz in non line-of-sight environments with frequency selective multipath. Custom hardware has allowed data transmission in the range 60-200 Mbit/sec occupying a bandwidth of 2-4.6 MHz at MMDS frequencies [' 2:5GHz]. Moreover; using calibrated antenna collections and sequential spatio-temporal channel estimates in a static environment;we have evaluated transmission with antenna arrays with up to 40 transmit elements and up to 60 receive elements. This last experiment [completed in November 2000] demonstrates the possibility of a 1 Gbit/sec wireless transmission with a raw spectral e ciency of about 208 bit/sec/Hz. While a similar system developed at Bell Labs (known as BLAST) has moved a fundamental step toward the introduction of a technology which may play a key role in future wireless systems; we believe our work extends in many signi cant ways that initial investigation. First; we overcame the problem of handling a frequency selective channel (as opposed to at fading): this allowed the study of a larger bandwidth (2-4.6 MHz as opposed to 30 KHz); the experimentation of an outdoor channel and the achievement of signi cantly higher data rates [of interest in xed wireless broadband applications]. Second; we have made a conscious e ort to design a system where low-cost RF frontends especially targeted to multiantenna systems could be used. We also introduce a new modeling methodology inspired by basic physics which gives a di erent and practical perspective to the spatio-temporal transmission problem. I. Background Broadband connectivity has been considered the future of the telecommunications industry for decades and it typically refers to those data services operating at data rates in excess of 1.544 Mbit/sec (known as T-1 rate). While the theoretical foundations of high data rate digital communications are appearently well-known; there has not been any practical solution to implement the massive amount of signal processing required to operate reliably over the poor quality "last-mile" channel. The principal obstacle to mass deployment of broadband data services is without any doubt cost. The wireless terrestrial transmission media presents probably the most di cult challenges. Several types of solutions are being proposed and initially deployed. The Multipoint Multichannel Distribution Service (MMDS) uses microwave transmission at frequency The author is with WJ Communications, Inc. San Jose, CA 95134, email: firstname.lastname@example.com. approximately around 2.5 GHz. It is currently envisioned by the wireless communication industry that the MMDS system can broadcast video; voice and data; allowing for interactive communications. MMDS o ers a maximum of 33 analog video channels in about 500 MHz and a cell radius approximately 25 to 30 miles. Given the evolution of digital systems; MMDS could provide 2-way connectivity and transport to the transmission nodes enabling ATM or SONET networks. One of the drawbacks of the system is that MMDS relies on traditional high capacity microwave technology which requires Line of Sight transmission and the development of high-performance RF [Radio Frequency] circuitry. This last factor has a dramatic impact on the cost of the Customer Premises Equipment and appears to preclude the successful application of the idea to the residential market. In the United States there are several independent industry e orts that have attacked the problem of high data rate in Non Line of Sight (NLOS) at MMDS frequencies. Members of the Broadband Wireless Internet Forum (BWIF) are committed to sponsor the availability of interoperable solutions based on Coded OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technology; inspired to the DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) European standard [2]. Products are available now for point to point radio links where the data rate is up to about 25 Mbit/sec in 6 MHz. The use of 2 antennas is exploited only for traditional diversity gain at the receiver. The Wireless DSL Consortium is fundamentally competing for the same market. The consortium of companies part of Wireless DSL share the goal of providing timely multivendor solutions for the 2 to 4 GHz Point-to-Multipoint Broadband Wireless Access market. To accomplish that goal; the Consortium will pursue a standard based on a physical layer that is a multi-carrier based technology augmented by a system incorporating smart antennas to enable full NLOS operation; otherwise known as MIMOOFDM (multiple-in multiple-out orthogonal frequency division multiplexing). Multicarrier systems of the OFDM-type perform a frequency domain decomposition of a channel characterized by frequency selective distorsion in a multitude of subchannels that are a ected by frequency at distorsion. The distorsion in each independent subchannel can then be com2 SUBMITTED TO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS pensated by simple gain and phase adjustements; somehow overcoming the need of one of the most complex components of a digital modem: the equalizer. On the other hand; coding and transmission power assignments can be applied across the subchannels in a way that resembles the Shannon water pouring argument. As the bandwidth of the subchannels is made su ciently small one can in principle asymptotically reach the channel capacity. This is a relatively old idea which attracted a signi cant interest in recent years. What is typically neglected in the evaluation of OFDM is that an expensive implementation of the analog RF front-end is extremely critical to the asymptotic behavior of multicarrier transmission. Multicarrier signals; in fact; exhibit extreme vulnerability to distorsions induced by RF electronics. So while able to cope at baseband with channel time dispersions quite e ectively (in terms of computational complexity); multicarrier techniques require an increased cost at the RF subsystem level. This is in opposite direction with respect to single-carrier modulations with traditional time-domain equalization. In other words single-carrier schemes appear to be more demanding in terms of DSP resources but the RF front-ends require less stringent speci cations. This problem is even more evident in Multi-antenna transmission systems. The idea that multiple transmit/receive antennas have a substantial bene t on the achievable data rate in multipath fading environment has attracted remarkable interest in recent years at least in the research community [4]; [5]; [6]. Since it is possible to expect an increase in data throughput directly proportional to the number of sensors at the antenna arrays without any penalty in power and bandwidth; this technology appears to be a winning solution in many short and long-range wireless communications applications. However the cost increase of the transceiver is proportional to the number of antennas used by the system because the transceivers have multiple RF and DSP processing branches. Ultimately such a dilemma has slowed down many inititatives in industry. At Lucent; a system called BLAST (Bell-Labs Space-Time Architecture) was developed for a non-frequency selective; static (typically indoor) environment with 30 KHz bandwidth [3]. Despite the undeniable value of that rst study it is not di cult to see the restricted applicability of the investigation. While the BLAST group has moved a fundamental step toward the introduction of a technology which may play a key role in future wireless systems; we believe our work extends in many signi cant ways that initial investigation. First; we overcame the problem of handling a frequency selective channel (as opposed to at fading): this allowed the study of a larger bandwidth (2-4.6 MHz as opposed to 30 KHz); the experimentation of an outdoor channel and the achievement of signi cantly higher data rates [of interest in xed wireless broadband applications]. Second; we have made a conscious e ort to design a system where low-cost RF front-ends especially targeted to multiantenna systems could be used. In this paper we describe and discuss the results of the experimental outdoor eld trials which have demonstrated the hardware feasibility of xed broadband wireless radio links with spectral e ciencies in excess of 50 bit/sec/Hz in severe multipath environments. Wireless data transmission in the range 60-200 Mbit/sec occupying a bandwidth of 2-4.6 MHz at 2.5 GHz is achieved. We also introduce a new modelingmethodology inspired by basic theoretical physics which gives a di erent and practical perspective to the spatio-temporal transmission problem and as a byproduct a new class of methodologies which we have de ned STREAMTM (Spatial Transmission with Radio Enhanced Adaptive Modulation). The paper is organized as follows. In Section II we describe the problem of communicating in space-time by means of wave eld modeling. In Section III we describe how wave elds can be e ectively represented; while in Section IV we brie y detail a possible detection strategy. Section V focuses on the hardware description and the presentation of the experimental results. II. Spatio-Temporal Wavefield Modeling In the context of spatio-temporal processing one is typically interested in wave elds e(t; r) propagating according to the wave equation r 1 c2 @ @t2 e(t; r) = 0 (1) where c is the velocity of propagation of the medium; r identi es the spatial location (2-D [r = (r; )] or 3-D [r = (r; ; ) ]) of the propagating wave; t identi es the temporal location of the propagating wave. Assuming that the waveeld has a Fourier representation e(t; r) = R d!E(!; r)e; each Fourier component satis es the source-free Helmholtz equation [1] r + K E(!; r) = 0; (2) where K = ! c is the wavenumber associated with c: In particular we are interested in wave elds generated by linear space-time models expressed as


3D electron diffraction (3D ED) has recently emerged as an alternative to x-ray diffraction to elucidate the atomic structure of nano-sized beam sensitive crystals 1 . LD-EDT 2 is a recently developed low dose 3D ED technique for ab initio structure determination of beam sensitive crystals such as hydrated minerals or MOFs. Low dose conditions are achieved by optimizing exposure during specimen tilting. High quality diffraction data can be obtained from very small crystals without damaging the structure, and a precise sampling of the reciprocal space is assured by beam precession. We recently applied LD-EDT on Bulachite 3 , a hydrated Al arsenate mineral, to solve its atomic structure. Difficulties related to the small size of crystals as well as beam sensitivity due to the presence of H 2 O molecules inside the lattice were overcome by LD-EDT, where synchrotron x-rays previously failed. The resulting structure 4 is comprised of layers containing edge-sharing Al-O octahedra, inter-connected with As-O tetrahedra by corner sharing. The localization of light atoms in the lattice showcases the potential of electron crystallography for yielding high quality diffraction data even under low dose conditions.


Contemporary biology has been revolutionized by a recently discovered class of small regulatory RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs). Missed by researchers for decades due to their tiny size, usually mapping to non-protein-coding regions of genomes, miRNAs and miRNA-mediated regulatory networks have been the "dark matter" of molecular biology. Deciphering miRNA pathways and functions in the CNS of complex organisms is tightly linked to understanding miRNA expression patterns. To facilitate these emerging studies, I here review the basic principles of medium- and high-throughput technologies available for miRNA expression profiling.


Objectives: In a period in which minimally invasive surgery revolutionises vitreo-retinal surgery, macular hole vitrectomy has benefited the most from this technical and technological progress. The objective of this paper is to review the modern surgical methods used for the treatment of macular holes and to detail the differences between the current surgical techniques. Material and methods: Review all the published papers between 2000 and 2015 in PubMed and Medscape databases and also the recent specialty literature. Results: We noticed a similarity between the lots studied and the research methods used, especially after the introduction of the Optical Coherence Tomography in the 1990's. There is still a significant difference between the surgical techniques studied, and none is yet considered "gold standard". Conclusions: All the surgical methods currently used in the treatment for macular holes are highly effective, but all the small differences in the anatomical and functional results do not indicate a standardized method.


We propose the multi-Cu-02-layer structure model of high Tc superconducting oxides such as Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3012. The 'hole-Cooper pair' formation and the Bose condensation of the pairs are described by the theory of Huang of MIT. The attractive interaction is due to the antiferromagnetic order of Cu-02 layer. Dependence of Tc on the number of Cu-02 layers is quantitatively analized. Pressure dependence of Tc is also analyzed by use of our model.


Appressoria of Pythium irregulare are club-shaped bodies that can be clearly.differentiated into a stalk and head. The size of stalk and the size and shape of head are affected by environmental and...


The utility model relates to the fields of sampling and filtering, and discloses a filtering and sampling device for a flue gas. The sampling and filtering device comprises a sampling probe and a filter, wherein the filtering device is arranged on a pipeline between the sampling probe and a gas analysis system; since the sampling probe and the filter are separately mounted, the sampling probe only responsible for leading out the flue gas in the pipeline, and then the flue gas flows into the gas analysis system after being filtered by the filter, so as to solve the problem of easy blockage of the conventional probe and prolong the online operation period of the sampling and filtering device. The utility model has a simple and practical structure, and is convenient to mount and maintain; the dismounting of the filter is convenient;, the problem of easy blockages of both the filter and the sampling probe is easily solved, and the effect is obvious;, the continuous operation problem of the blast furnace flue gas analysis system caused by the blockage of the sampling device is solved fundamentally; the normal operation of the blast furnace is ensured; and the sampling and filtering device is high in practicability and easy to popularize and apply.


This chapter describes the composition and structure of personal community networks. It concentrates on the score or so ties that are actively used, and especially on the half-dozen or so close, intimate ties. It integrates research findings from hundreds of scholars to discuss which types of ties and networks provide different kinds of social support.


The appropriate method for the determination of selenium in this area water was investigated.According to the national standard of drinking water(GB/T 5750-2006),the water quality of this area was detected for over and over.There was a good linear relationship without masking agent with correlation coefficient of 0.9996,and RSD was 1.87%,detection limit was 0.28μg/L,recoveries were in the range of 97.5%—103.8%.The amount of selenium was between 0 and 50μg/L.The method is simple,stabilized and accurate with easy operation and high sensitivity.


The appearance of a rupture, leak or damage in the long-distance oil & gas pipeline, which could cause a leak, usually generates a non-linear & chaotic negative pressure wave signal. By properly interpreting the negative pressure wave signature, it is possible to detect a leak along the pipeline. Most traditional noise reduction methods are established based on the linear system, which are not in line with the actual non-linear & chaotic situation. Therefore, the weak negative pressure wave signals, generated by small leaks, are often filtered out and cause false alarm and failure alarm. In order to resolve the problem, this paper uses the non-linear projective algorithm for noise reduction. First, the weak negative pressure wave signal series would be reconstructed using delay coordinates, in the high dimensional phase space, the background signal, the negative pressure wave signal and the noise signal are separated into different sub-spaces. Through the reconstruction of sub-spaces, the weak pressure wave signal can be isolated from the background signal as well as the random noise component reduced.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Smart devices have grown to becoming an indispensable part of many individuals' lives. This is due to cloud computing and connectivity, that enabled wireless controls and real-time monitoring that benefits various industries. Soft-computing techniques that has been integrated to many online services such as Amazon allows machine to understand consumer activity and autonomously cater to a personalized experience for each user. In the agricultural industries, smart system is a tool to enhance controls and increase farming precision to improve yield and product quality. Challenges in implementing smart agriculture system are still apparent to this day; (i) Mathematical Modelling of Operation, (ii) Lack of Data and Attention in Smart Farming System, (iii) Complexity of Drying Process. In this paper, state of the art in the smart system in agricultural field, challenges of executing smart farming system are further described and the proposed solution is presented.


A 19-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of excessive grinning. Examination revealed unrestrained grinning and mild symmetric parkinsonism. Wilson disease was suspected and confirmed by the presence of Kayser-Fleischer ring …


There are a large number of destinations in which post-conflict tourism (PCT) might be a relevant development option. This chapter considers four destinations which have opted to use the PCT brand as part of their strategies to attract tourists. These destinations – Cambodia, Nicaragua, Rwanda and Bougainville (within the country of Papua New Guinea) – are on four different continents, had conflicts which ended in the last decade of the twentieth century and represent tourism industries at different stages of development. They were also chosen because they are at low or medium levels of development and have relatively small populations of less than 20 million people. The chapter considers the different ways in which PCT is or might be used not only to provide economic opportunities for local residents, but also as a means towards reconciliation, healing and recovery after conflicts which have resulted in many casualties and divided the people against each other. Each of the case study destinations have attempted to turn a negative aspect of their histories into an opportunity for development, with differing levels of success.


COVID-19 pandemic has become a challenge for the entire healthcare system in Russia. Pharmaceutical specialists, like all medical workers, are at the forefront of the fight against the pandemic, as they are providing quality pharmaceutical care to the population. The sociological study was carried out to analyze the particular characteristics of pharmaceutical personnel during this period, as it becomes more relevant to report the new conditions of labor organisation and development of new pharmaceutical consulting standards. The study revises challenges in the provision of pharmaceutical services, assessment of preventive measures in regards to protection of the personnel from infection, as well as demand to raise awareness about COVID-19 preventive measures among the pharmacy visitors.


A novel motion compensation method for single RF channel digital beamforming array is proposed. The method is based on the conception of time reversal. It outperforms the existing method as it does not require the prior information about the number of targets and the Doppler frequencies. Simulation result demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed motion compensation method. Additionally, the method can be used in other systems which face the similar motion compensation problem.


Fruits are an excellent source of nutrients and minerals. They have a high concentration of antioxidants and flavonoids, which are beneficial to one's health. Pomegranates have a high potential in preventing cell damage, boosting our immunity, helping with smooth digestion, fighting type-2 diabetes, keeping vital parameters in check and are seen to be effective inthe prevention of cancers. India is considered the largest producer of excellent varieties of pomegranates and thus the quality analysis in the export operation of pomegranates is highly concerned. Grading of pomegranates is very necessary for post-harvest management and is performed based on the external appearance like attractive colours, texture, size and shape which decides the standard of the fruit. Manual grading can be done which requires human operation and consumes more time. Hence quality assessment of pomegranates can be done using Machine Learning(ML) which is highly efficient. The process of feature extraction yields accurate results and can be done quickly. ML technology improves accuracy and efficiency and has improved user experience. The review paper proposes an efficient ML approach for pomegranate quality analysis using Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) feature extraction methods. K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) and Naive Bayes (NB) algorithms are implemented in the designed model using both sets of feature extractors and the result illustrates that the LBP + NB model performs with better efficiency and greater accuracy.


Research into problematic tanning (or 'tanning addiction') has markedly increased over the past few years. Although several instruments exist to measure excessive tanning, most of these are psychometrically poor, are not theoretically anchored, and have been used mainly on small samples.


We use numerical and asymptotic techniques to study the stability of a two-phase air/water flow above a flat porous plate. This flow is a model of the boundary layer which forms on a yawed cylinder and can be used as a useful approximation to the air flow over swept wings. The air and water form an immiscible interface which can destabilize the flow, leading to travelling wave disturbances which move along the attachment line. This instability occurs for lower Reynolds numbers than is the case in the absence of a water layer. The two-fluid flow can be used as a crude model of the effect of heavy rain on the leading edge of a swept wing. We also investigate the instability of inviscid stationary modes. We calculate the effective wavenumber and orientation of the stationary disturbance when the fluids have identical physical properties. Using perturbation methods we obtain corrections due to a small stratification in viscosity, thus quantifying the interfacial effects. Our analytical results are in agreement with the numerical solution which we obtain for arbitrary fluid properties.


Objective
To compare the short-term clinical outcome of laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision (CME) and traditional laparoscopic radical resection in treating elderly patients with right colon cancer.

Methods
From January 2015 to June 2017, a retrospective analysis was performed in 57 elderly patients with right colon cancer, while 31 cases in CME group and 26 cases in traditional group. Statistical analysis were performed by using SPSS22.0 software. Harvested lymph nodes and perioperative indicators were expressed as mean±standard deviation (±s) and were examined by using t test. Post-operative complication rate was examined by using Chi-square test. A P value <0.05 was considered as significant difference.

Results
The number of removed lymph nodes and positive lymph nodes in CME group were (23.2±4.8) and (4.6±0.7) were significantly more than that (17.2±3.3) and (3.3±0.4) in traditional group; There were no difference between two groups in terms of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, resected specimen length, first flatus time, average hospitalization time and postoperative complication rate (P>0.05).

Conclusion
Laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision in treating the elderly patients with right colon cancer is feasible and safe, with advantage of more extensive lymph node dissection, without increasing surgical risks and postoperative complications, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Key words:
Colonic Neoplasms; Aged; Mesocolon; Laparoscopy


The reaction of EuCl3, AlCl3 and C6Me6 in toluene gives the EuII complex [Eu(η6-C6Me6)(AlCl4)2]4; X-ray crystal determination shows the molecule to be a cyclotetramer, in which the four Eu(C6Me6)AlCl4 units are connected via four groups of η2-AlCl4.


A wide area monitoring system (WAMS) with reliable telecommunication infrastructure can be expanded and enhanced with additional protection and control functionalities using synchronized phasor data measurements. With that aim, we have developed a multifunctional line protection (MFLP) model with both system and back-up protection functions. Theoretical premises based on transmission and relay protection system knowledge, together with the experience gathered from the operation of existing wide area systems, were used to develop the proposed model. Four main groups of simulation scenarios were defined in order to test the newly implemented functions. The results of the simulation process confirm the assumptions underlying the design of our MFLP module. Simulation results are then used for definition of the protection criteria required for implementation of the wide area protection algorithm in a control center. Conclusions drawn from the protection responses of the proposed algorithm that strengthen the algorithm design process are elaborated in the paper. The main contribution of the paper is the design and development of a centralized MFLP algorithm based on synchronized phasor data that is able to issue a trip command to a circuit breaker before an out-of-step condition occurs.


The subject of this research is cemented backfill mixtures made using fine and very fine natural sand with increased content of clay and flour particles. Aimed to study optimizability of grain size composition of low-grade fine and very fine natural sand, the physical and mechanical properties of sands from Bolshie Mayachki deposit in the Belgorod Region and blast-furnace granulated slag from metallurgical processing at Severstal were analyzed. Optimization of granular composition included enlargement of size modulus, reduction of specific surface of grains and decrease in the content of clay and flour particles. Initial sand was brought to standard quality level by introduction of slag sand (fractions of 0-5 mm). Then, the grain composition, particle size modulus, clay and dust-like particles content and specific surface area of each composite aggregate grain were determined using the methods described in the article. According to the test results, the increase in the proportion of slag in the composite aggregate leads to the decrease in the water demand due to enlargement of particles and lower content of clay components, which makes it possible to obtain compositions for cemented backfill with strength of 1–10 MPa at the reduced consumption of cement (by 7% on average) and with the preserved rheological characteristics.


The technique of severe plastic deformation (SPD) enables one to produce metals and alloys with an ultrafine grain size of about 100 nm and less. As the mechanical properties of such ultrafine grained materials are governed by the plastic deformation during the SPD process, the understanding of the stress and strain development in a workpiece is very important for optimizing the SPD process design and for microstructural control. The objectives of this work is to present a constitutive model based on the dislocation density and dislocation cell evolution for large plastic strains as applied to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). This paper briefly introduces the constitutive model and presents the results obtained with this model for ECAP by the finite element method.


Ultrasound directed self-assembly (DSA) allows organizing particles dispersed in a fluid medium into user-specified patterns, driven by the acoustic radiation force associated with a standing ultrasound wave. Accurate control of the spatial organization of the particles in the fluid medium requires accounting for medium viscosity and particle volume fraction. However, existing theories consider an inviscid medium or only determine the effect of viscosity on the magnitude of the acoustic radiation force rather than the locations where particles assemble, which is crucial information to use ultrasound DSA as a fabrication method. We experimentally measure the deviation between locations where spherical microparticles assemble during ultrasound DSA as a function of medium viscosity and particle volume fraction. Additionally, we simulate the experiments using coupled-phase theory and the time-averaged acoustic radiation potential, and we derive best-fit equations that predict the deviation between locations where particles assemble during ultrasound DSA when using viscous and inviscid theory. We show that the deviation between locations where particles assemble in viscous and inviscid media first increases and then decreases with increasing particle volume fraction and medium viscosity, which we explain by means of the sound propagation velocity of the mixture. This work has implications for using ultrasound DSA to fabricate, e.g., engineered polymer composite materials that derive their function from accurately organizing a pattern of particles embedded in the polymer matrix.


The study aims to assess the professional and academic expectations of pharmacy students of faculties that lives in the northern region of Brazil. Data were collected via a printed questionnaire. The number of students that answered the questionnaire was 600. Regards to academic life, 74.6% believe that faculties offer ideal opportunities. The most desired areas of activity were clinical and hospital pharmacies (45%) and commercial pharmacies (32.3%). Their salary expectations are higher than six national minimum wages. The profession is experiencing a period of enormous positive transformations. The study provides a general view of the several fields of work for pharmacy students to plan and conduct their professional activities to improve the health of the population.


Moraxella bovoculi strain KZ-1 was isolated from cattle that had symptoms of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) in northern Kazakhstan. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain. ABSTRACT Moraxella bovoculi strain KZ-1 was isolated from cattle that had symptoms of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) in northern Kazakhstan. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain.


This paper discusses the effect that zero-emission vehicles, such as the Tesla model 3, could have first in the reduction of CO 2 emissions in the UK and then its global potential. This paper only investigates the CO 2 emissions released by vehicles when being driven, and disregards those which are produced during production of the vehicle, and when charging a Tesla. Given the average CO 2 emissions per car, the number of registered cars in the UK, and the average annual mileage per vehicle, it is found that the entirety of the registered cars in the UK produces 48.6 million imperial tons of CO 2 each year. In comparing this value to those of countries which account for large percentages of the global CO 2 emissions, such as the United States and China, 511 million and 1.4 billion imperial tons respectively, it is evident that replacing all vehicles with a zero-emission vehicle such as the Tesla model 3 has great potential for the global reduction of annual CO 2 emissions.


In examining objects made from modern industrially produced steel little or no texture is readily apparent to the naked eye, even if the objects have been weathered or corroded. Earlier iron and steel artifacts will frequently show a pronounced texture. Such textures may arise from heterogeneous composition and or impurities such as slag stringers that are banished from or tightly regulated in the production of modern steels. Additionally, in the case of antique edged weapons, smiths frequently manipulated naturally occurring textures and or ingeniously joined together dissimilar materials to achieve desired performance and or aesthetic appearance. Whether deliberate or intentional, such patterns often yield clues to how such items were made. This article will show a sampling of such patterns as are found in swords and other edged weapons from a diversity of cultures and times.


In this paper, we investigate an optimal control problem of linear quantum systems despite feedback delays. The optimal controller, which is of the Smith predictor form, and an analytical expression of the best achievable performance are derived by applying existing results for control of classical (non-quantum) I/O delay systems. Then, we analyze the performance degrading effect caused by feedback delays in an illustrative example of a quantum free particle. In particular, we give a new insight for a typical experiment setup. This is accomplished by using the performance limit expression mentioned above.


An opinion is presented that organisations working with asylum seekers in Australia should reject the government proposal of establishing regional processing centres to scrutinise their claims. It is believed that such a move is effectively a way of refusing to receive asylum seekers in a covert manner.


Telemarketing remaining to be one of the most popular direct marketing techniques, which is urged to make accurate predictions. It is critical for banks to have a mature machine learning approach for marketing forecasting problems. Through the analysis of the time deposit telemarketing data of Portuguese commercial banks on Kaggle.com, the bank can more accurately locate the target customers, so as to improve the efficiency of increasing the amount of time deposit business. Firstly, the data are preprocessed, coded and shuffled to divide the test set and training set. Secondly, logistic regression is carried out to eliminate irrelevant independent variables through correlation analysis, which makes the prediction more accurate. The results of logistic regression were compared with the results of decision tree and retrograde comparison. Accuracy and Area Under Curve (AUC) were used as evaluation indexes. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the logistic regression model and the elimination of irrelevant variables. This method can be applied to the actual marketing problems of banks to accurately find target customers and improve the accuracy of marketing.


Lead-free sealing glasses in the SnCl2-MgO-P2O5 system were prepared in reducing atmosphere. The glass-forming region, structure, characteristic temperature(transition temperature Tg and softening temperature Tf), coefficient of thermal expansion,as well as the water erosion of the glasses were investigated by XRD analysis, differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis, thermal expansion analysis, and grain mass loss method. The results show that a series of glass samples were prepared with a low characteristic temperature. The DTA curve shows a low Tg of a sample at 231℃. The FT-IR spectra indicate the glass structure of the sample, but the XRD pattern shows that the glass tends to crystallize. With the molar ratio of SnCl2 /(SnCl2 +P2O5) increases, the Tf of the glasses decreases, whereas the Tf increases with the increasing of the content of MgO. Meanwhile, with the addition of MgO, the crystallization ability and of the glasses decrease, and the water erosion resistance of the glasses is improved which still can not meet the minimum requirement for stealing.


Abstract : In many localities it is difficult to find suitable confined disposal areas for dredged materials and, even where available, environmental constraints may prevent or restrict their use. This study sought to determine if conventional stabilization techniques can be used to densify/dewater dredged material as a means to increase disposal area storage capacity. This was done on a judgment basis -- without laboratory or field research. This study was restricted to clays and silty clays which have high water contents after placement in disposal areas. It was concluded that conventional stabilization techniques can be used to increase disposal area capacity but economic constraints may restrict their use. Water content, density, and Atterberg limits of fine-grained dredged material in existing disposal areas are inadequately known. A large-scale but relatively low-cost sampling program is recommeded to investigate existing disposal areas of various ages containing various depths and types of dredged material.


A microwave radar system is a useful tool for terrain surface measurement even in adverse weather or darkness. Most important specification of a radar system is range resolution, which is strictly determined by the frequency bandwidth of transmitted signal. However, due to the legal regulation of radio wave emission, its frequency band is strictly limited. In the case that the maximum and minimum frequencies of the signal are fixed, the normal range resolution is same, but there is a severe problem of TOA ambiguity, when the effective bandwidth is considerably lower. To solve this problem, we introduce the compressed sensing (CS) approach. The results from numerical simulation show that our method can suppress the TOA ambiguity even that actual bandwidth of transmitted signal is quite narrower.


The invention discloses an insecticidal composition containing two active ingredients namely, diafenthiuron and cyhalodiamide, in a mass ratio of (1-50) to (20-1). The insecticidal composition is suitable for prevention and control of lepidoptera pests.


A simplified model of asymmetric compression of shell targets was constructed on the basis of estimates and an analysis of calculated data. It was found that in the quasiablation regime (compression ratios of ~ 102–103) the evolution of long-wavelength perturbations of the shell profile accompanying a large-scale inhomogeneity of laser irradiation may cause a substantial (by two orders of magnitude) drop in the neutron yield.


WTO entry in 2001 heralded a new stage in the reform of China's banking sector. With the reality that foreign banks would be extended national treatment by the end of 2006, China's banks faced the imperative to reform in earnest. They began reforms from a variety of different starting points and have pursued a variety of different reform approaches. Five years on, this paper assesses efficiency levels in 11 of China's most prominent banks. The results, obtained using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), suggest that differences in efficiency levels are actually quite small. On the one hand, this finding is encouraging because it suggests that few of China's major banks lag behind the pack. On the other hand, it also implies that efficiency levels almost certainly do lag in China's less prominent banks, which together still account for more than 40% of total banking system assets.


[reaction: see text] A conceptually new approach to the tetracyclic core of the anthracycline antibiotics is reported. With use of this approach, the 7,8,9,10-tetrahydronaphthacene-5,12-dione skeleton has been synthesized in three steps, from commercially available reagents, in yields of up to 85%.


This paper investigates the pull-in instability of nano-switches subjected to an electrostatic force due to an applied voltage and intermolecular force within the framework of nonlocal elasticity theory to account for the small scale effect. Both the nonlinear governing equation and boundary conditions with nonlocal effect are derived. A linear distributed load model is proposed to approximate the nonlinear intermolecular and electrostatic interactions. Closed-form solutions of critical pull-in parameters are obtained for cantilever and fixed–fixed nano-beams. The freestanding behaviour of nano-beams, which is a special case in the absence of electrostatic force, is also studied. It is found that the small scale effect contributes to the pull-in instability and freestanding behaviour of cantilever and fixed–fixed nano-beams in quite different ways. The effects of gap ratio, slenderness ratio and intermolecular force are discussed in detail as well.


Borophene (a two-dimensional boron sheet) is a new type of two-dimensional material, which was recently grown successfully on single crystal Ag substrates. In this paper, we investigate the electronic structure and bonding characteristics of borophene by first-principles calculations. The band structure of borophene shows highly anisotropic metallic behaviour. The obtained optical properties of borophene exhibit strong anisotropy as well. Finally, the thermodynamic properties are investigated based on the phonon properties.


In this paper we discuss the problems occuring in paleoreconstructions of highresolution with the use of X-ray and fluorescent analysis and tree-ring width chronologies. Averaged measured data and their adjustment on climatic peaks allows to get adequate results.


Simulation results of WRF for the case of typhoon 'Rusa' were analyzed, comparing with observed data especially for the Gangneung area around to examine its ability in numerical simulation. From the hourly precipitation time series, two peaks were found at Gangneung and Daegwallyeong, while only one peak was found from those of inland regions else. Especially, for the Yeongdong region, the first peak was directly related to spiral bands generated in front of the typhoon. Convective cells that were developed within the spiral bands moved to the eastern coastal area from the sea so that local heavy rainfall occurred in the Yeongdong region. The second peak was mainly related to the accompanying rain band of typhoon itself, topographic effect and the convergence near Gangneung area. Precipitation in Gangneung was simulated as much as about 30% of observed one. The main reason of this result came from a poor representation of wind directions in Gangneung area of WRF model. Observed wind direction was northwesterly but simulated one was nearly easterly in the area. This might shift a local heavy rainfall area downstream to the mountain area rather than the coastal area.


Recently, occurrence of steep slope is on the rise all over the world because of due to global warming. Accordingly, a study on steep slope was actively performed at the national level for disaster prevention and action. In foreign countries, integrated management system of steep slope and underground information is used and utilization of system is high. To prevent steep slope disaster, National Emergency Management Agency has proceeded a research on information system through high efficiency of steep slope management. National Emergency Management Agency is operating NDMS. But, there is management and utilization insufficiency of steep slope because steep slope information is managed by submenu. This study show the development of steep slope information integrated management system based on steep slope inspection sheet.


The purpose of the article is a critical analysis of the determination of the subject matter of economic politology. In the books and articles analysed by the author, the situational picture of the subject dominates, determined by the current practice of relations between business and the state in Russia. The author also analysed the training programs of the leading universities in Russia. Considering the economic and political situation in the world at the end of 2021, the author concluded that the state of both research and teaching in this discipline is unsatisfactory. The article's central thesis is the assertion that in the coming years, the world's fate will largely be determined by the struggle in the economy, especially in the field of money circulation and finance. Therefore, the country urgently needs new specialists of a unique profile — an economist-political scientist.


In this article, we investigate the existence of pure (v, 4, λ)-PMD with λ = 1 and 2, and obtain the following results: (1) a pure (v, 4, 1)-PMD exists for every positive integer v = 0 or 1 (mod 4) with the exception of v = 4 and 8 and the possible exception of v = 12; (2) a pure (v, 4, 2)-PMD exists for every integer v ≥ 6. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


According to the characteristics of soft foundation reinforced by Plastic Tube Cast-in-place Concrete Pile,it is modeled as an impermeable pile.And average degree of consolidation on the improved area and the subjacent bed are solved with continuous pore-water pressure,the uni-dimensional consolidation theory on the basis of previous studies.At last,the research findings is validate by comparing analytical solutions with the test results of the Yueyang-Changde Highway.And it shows that the analytical solutions are close to the measure datas.Consequently,the calculation method is rational,and can be applied in similar engineering practices.


; Pinelli J, Symington A. Non-nutritive sucking in premature infants. (Cochrane Review, latest version 12 Nov 1998.) In: Cochrane Library. Oxford: Update Software. .

 Question Does non-nutritive sucking improve clinical outcomes in premature infants?

Studies were identified by searching Medline and CINAHL (back to 1976) and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register using the terms infant, premature; intensive care units, neonatal; enteral nutrition; sucking behavior; infant nutrition; gastric emptying; growth; parenteral nutrition; bottle feeding; infant care; infant, low birth weight; somatostatin; crying; oxygen; child development; physical stimulation; taste; infant, newborn; and feeding behavior and the text words "non," "nutritive," and "suck." Bibliographies of articles were reviewed and 2 experts were contacted to identify other published or unpublished studies.

Studies were selected if they were experimental or quasi-experimental trials that compared non-nutritive sucking of a pacifier with no provision of non-nutritive …


Objective: Current equestrian sport-related acute injury research is sparse. The goal of this study is to explore equestrian injury types stratified by population and equestrian discipline. Design: Injury reports from the US Equestrian Federation (USEF) were compiled from 2015 through 2019, and the prevalence of different injury types within the main equestrian disciplines was calculated. Setting: Retrospective cohort study from USEF accident report data. Participants: Athletes competing at USEF sanctioned equestrian events. Independent Variables: Equestrian participant's age group, sex, and equestrian event type are the independent variables. Main Outcome Measures: Frequency of types of injuries in equestrian events stratified by equestrian discipline, age (junior vs senior), and sex. Results: Three thousand four hundred thirty equestrian athletes injured from 441 816 total athlete exposures during 2015 to 2019 were analyzed showing an injury rate between 0.06% and 1.18% for each discipline with an overall injury rate of 780 per 100 000 athlete exposures. Hunter–jumper and 3-day eventing had the highest injury rates. Head injuries and bone injuries were the most common types. No clinically significant differences in injury rates were observed between males and females or junior and senior equestrian athletes. Conclusions: Equestrian sports have an overall injury rate of 780 per 100 000 athlete exposures in the certified competition setting. Hunter–jumper and 3-day eventing have an increased injury rate compared with nonjumping disciplines. These data should help equestrian event clinicians to anticipate the types of injuries and help outpatient clinicians make preparticipation medical eligibility and assist in counseling for equestrian sports.


In this paper, we consider the quadratic assignment problem (QAP), one of the hardest NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. We first present a new reformulation of the problem. Then a Lexisearch Algorithm (LSA) is developed for obtaining exact optimal solution to the problem. Finally, a comparative study has been carried out to show the efficiency of the algorithm against an existing algorithm for some medium sized instances from the quadratic assignment problem library, QAPLIB. The comparative study shows the efficiency of the proposed LSA based on the reformulation.


Objective:To investigate the expression of Akt1,MMP2 and PTEN in normal gastric mucosa,gastric adenocarcinoma and adjacent noncancerous tissue. Methods:The expression of Akt1,MMP2 and PTEN proteins was detected using immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray. Results:A significant difference was found in the expression of Akt1,PTEN and MMP2 among normal gastric mucosa,adjacent noncancerous tissue and gastric adenocarcinoma (P0.05). A significant difference was found in PTEN and MMP2 expression among well differentiated,moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (P0.05). Akt1 expression in well differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma was significantly different from that in poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (P0.05). PTEN expression was negatively correlated with Akt1 and MMP2 expression (P0.05). Akt1 expression was positively correlated with MMP2 expression (P0.05). Conclusion:The expression of Akt1 and MMP2 in gastric adenocarcinoma was higher than in normal gastric mucosa,and the positive rate was higher in well-differentiated gastric adenoarcinoma than in poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma. The expression of PTEN was lower in well differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma than in poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma. The above indices may play important roles in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma.


Efficient removal of antibiotics (e.g., β-lactam antibiotic cefradine) from wastewater is a vital issue and challenge. In this work, by introducing the second transition-metal cobalt into the structure of UiO-66 and UiO-67 using the postsynthetic metalation method, we first synthesized bimetallic UiO-66-Co and UiO-67-Co that maintain the stability of Zr-MOFs while possessing higher chemical activity. These materials were applied in the adsorption removal of cefradines from water. Adsorption test results exhibited that the maximum uptake capacity of cefradine when UiO-67-Co reaches the unexpected 1091 mg/g is much more superior to the other adsorbents in the previously reported works. We employed the characterizations of N2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to evaluate the structural, elementary properties, and functionality of the as-prepared novel materials. The saturated adsorbent UiO-67-C...


Abstract Electron-microscope photographs show that with the addition to the latex of substances bringing about the effect of reinforcement of the rubber by fillers, there is observed a coalescence of the globules with the formation of a continuous rubber phase, as a result of which direct contact of the rubber is brought about with the particles of filler. This confirms the conceptions previously developed1 of the conditions of reinforcement of rubber in latex.


The use of subcontract arrangements as part of the overall procurement strategy of the client is widespread within construction. Subcontracts in construction are often implemented in the spirit of adversarial relations that have traditionally characterised procurement in the industry. The paper presents an overview of construction procurement and discusses several macro factors that are influencing business activity in construction, with attendant repercussions for contractor-subcontractor relationships and construction procurement in general. It proposes a co-contracting agenda as a means of engendering the same benefits that partnering has brought to the client -principal contractor relationship. The paper argues that a co-contracting agenda will be essential for achieving the levels of productivity that will be required in the intensifying competition that the industry will face in the future.


In this paper, we use Heckman selection models to analyse the relation between the likelihood of the firm becoming a takeover target, the takeover premium, and the use of anti-takeover devices. Ordinary least squares regressions suggest that anti-takeover devices, especially dual class shares, are associated with a higher takeover premium. However, we also document that anti-takeover devices reduce the likelihood that the firm will be taken over. When we control for the fact that takeover targets are selected, we do not find a significant relation between the takeover premium and dual class shares. Hence, our results suggest that the takeover premium is indeed influenced by private information about the likelihood of takeover.


A critical inquiry of the philosophical fundamentals in a pre-internet Age of the 1960ies and 1970ies. The monograph starts with the essentials of Chomsky's communication theory, makes a critical assessment on the social and psychological turns of body language (considering social interactionism and nonverbal communication theories of the Palo Alto "invisible college") and brings out relevant analytic points of Kierkegaard's, Nietzsche's, Heidegger's and Jasper's existential philosophy (as a back to the future approach in the last chapter). It prepares the framework and the preriquisites of a global 'Age of Access'.


The present invention relates to a retractable optical Fresh corn ear roller peeling machine, having a motor chamber and a working chamber, wherein the chamber having an inlet and a discharge port, the working chamber is provided with a first pulley, and the motor chamber an output terminal of the power of the motor is connected to a first pulley and a second pulley connected by a third gear, a second gear meshed with the first gear side, the other side of the sequentially engaged with the third drive gear 4 and second gear; first 1-4 gears are axially connected first to fourth light openable roller; 4,1 openable at its opposite outer edge of the light plastic roll mounted first and second baffle, the first to fourth light openable roller from the feed port to the discharge port is provided downward direction; each light openable roller axially provided a plurality of incisions. Fresh Corn intact. Light openable roller structure of the present invention uses the relative motion, so that fresh maize intact, through the slider can effectively avoid contamination antifouling corn, high efficiency, reduce labor intensity.


The stock market has the characteristics of large fluctuations and high dimensions, and can be regarded as a nonlinear time series system, so the traditional time series method is not applicable. For the study of deep learning methods, this paper proposed a bidirectional long-short term memory (BLSTM) neural network. Compared with ARIMA model and LSTM neural network, the (BLSTM) neural network is used to predict the accuracy of GREE stock price. Firstly, the stock data is normalized and pre-processing, and then the processed data is input into one-way and twoway LSTM respectively. In the neural network, Dropout is used as an optimization term to prevent over-fitting of the network, and then the three evaluation criteria of RMSE, MAE and Loss are selected to comprehensively analyze the rationality of a single bidirectional LSTM neural network. The experimental results show that the RMSE and MAE are reduced by about 24.2% and 19.4% respectively, and the deviation accuracy is increased by 0.13%. The network complexity is not high, and the error is effectively reduced. It can provide reference value for short-term market investors.


Transportation needs of motorcycles in Indonesia is increasing from year to year. And this is an opportunity for companies that offer motorcycle products to increase sales figures in various ways. This study aims to determine the effect of service quality product innovation, customer value and competitive pricing on purchasing decisions Yamaha brand motorcycles in the city Banjarbaru (a case study on consumer Yamaha Dealer "PT UTAMA M EGAH SENTOSA BERSAUDARA" ) This study uses five variables: service quality , product innovation , customer value , competitive price and purchasing decisions. This research hypothesis testing using the data of 100 respondents. The analysis technique used in this research is to use a software program Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 2 2 . The result of this study indicate that variable service quality and product innovation positively affect to customer value . Then, costumer value and competitive price are positively affect to purchase decision.


Some adolescents are attracted to hedonistic activities because of their active sociability and negative school experiences. This study examines the effects of these two variables in comparison with variables from labeling theory and control theory. Results show that active sociability is a strong predictor of delinquent behavior for African American and White teenagers. Negative school experience predicts delinquency only among Whites. Labeling and control theories receive tepid support.


The viable cells of probiotics are emphasized for yoghurt and fermented foods. Not only viable cells but also non-viable cells products of probiotics have beneficial health effects. The non-viable cells of probiotics have showed similar clinical effects oni mprovingl actoset olerance,a llergicr hinitisa ndg astroenteritis asv iablec ells. Viable cellsa re strongert hann on-viable cells in stimulating immune system, anti-tumour capabilities and viginosis curing effects caused by Candida sp, yet weaker in removing aflatoxin. Currently most studies have been focused on viable cells of probiotic bacteria. Nevertheless, there has been some controversy on the functions of viable and non-viable cells. In the future it is suggested that double-blinded, placebo- controlled and randomised studies on the function of viable and non-viable cells of probiotics bacteria would be warranted to look for their differences and mechanisms.


Apodization is often defined in a restricted sense as the suppression of the outer parts (i.e., the concentric rings) of wave optical point images, which results in a higher relative concentration of energy in the central image area. In a wider sense, apodization is defined as any modification of the transmission distribution across the aperture. Generally the modulation transfer function (MTF) is not used in the treatment of apodization. To see how the imaging performance is modified, the MTF is introduced into the discussion. Besides the constant transmission, two transmission distributions which are functions of the aperture radius are considered.


The business environment is characterized by a high degree of uncertainty and risk. This primarily requires using resources additional to those that can be obtained from profit. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of a risk management system on the investment attractiveness of an enterprise. Structurally, the study consisted of three stages. At the first stage of the study, the selected information was grouped depending on the type of documents. The first group included statistical data, indicating the source of the data obtained. The second group of documents included scientific research on the characteristics of the risk management system at enterprises and investment attractiveness. At the second stage of the study, an analysis of enterprises was carried out with the calculation of a correction factor, which determined the possibility of obtaining a loan. At the third stage, an indicator of the effectiveness of the risk management complex was determined. The authors revealed two classes of factors influencing the decision to issue borrowed funds, namely, the parameters of the very enterprise and the parameters of the financed project. It is proposed to divide each of the presented classes into three groups: general reports; consolidated data on the personnel, management, and owners of the enterprise; and reports directly related to risk management. Expert analysis of the identified additional factors influencing the decision to issue borrowed funds supported the conclusion that the group of factors that directly relate to the risk management system has the greatest impact. The analysis of the correspondence of the number of points scored by enterprises according to existing methods and adjusted considering the effects of the identified additional factors gave reason to state that the presence of well-established risk management increases the investment attractiveness of the enterprise. It is revealed that using the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of risk management based on the ratio of the difference in the financial capabilities of the enterprise and the costs of risk management, reduced by the amount of expected damage after the implementation of risk management to the difference in the financial capabilities of the enterprise and the costs of risk management, allows for increasing the investment attractiveness of such enterprises as the Moscow Plant of High-Voltage Fittings JSC and the Moscow Instrumental Plant JSC.


This study was employed to examine the interaction of a commercially used magnesium alloy AZ31B with an impulsional laser beam at 248 nm. The surface structure of the irradiated alloy was examined and the roughness factor was found to depend on the fluence of the incident pulse. The corrosion properties of the laser treated specimen were evaluated in 0.5 M NaCl and have been compared with that of the untreated alloy.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the system solution expressed in the form of a block diagram. In this paper, a multi-functional demonstrator of the interactive system designed to modelling, monitoring and validation of hybrid photovoltaic (PV) systems assisted by fuel cells and thermoelectric generators is presented. Technical parameters of demonstrator components such as: silicon PV modules, fuel cells, thermoelectric generators, gel batteries, control and monitoring systems are described. Design/methodology/approach – The design shows the implementation of PV system modelling by four universal PV module simulators supported by two 65 W fuel cell and 12 modules, 6 W thermoelectric generators battery. Findings – The paper provides practical proof that the combination of PV technology with both thermoelecric generators and fuel cells technologies shows promising results for the development of hybrid PV systems with increased effectiveness and efficiency. Research limitations/implications –...


Gastric cannulae were placed in the stomach of four dogs. The acid output per hour was determined after (1) the subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg histamine (base), (2) the subcutaneous injection of 1.0 mg histamine (base), and (3) the intravenous injection of 1.0 unit/kg of insulin. The pepsin concentration was also determined after the intravenous injection of 1.0 unit/kg of insulin. Following bilateral labyrinthectomy the gastric secretory studies were repeated at intervals. There was a depression of the acid output and the pepsin concentration in all dogs, to all the gastric stimuli, over a four-month period.


A group of debris flows were triggered by heavy rainfall in Wangmo County,Guizhou Province in the early morning,June 6,2011.The debris flows were distributed mainly in upstream catchments of Dajian River,Dayi River,and Lewang River in the north of Wangmo County.The group of debris flows was the largest occurrence since 1949,which caused numerous losses of lives and property damages.These debris flows were featured by low frequency,less viscosity debris flow,strongly erosion in the channels and large intensity of rainfall.The deposition on the fans and burial of houses were the major hazardous aftermath of these debris flows.It is very likely that these kinds of debris flows could be triggered again under the same heavy rainfall in the future.Preventive suggestions including evacuation and engineering projects were proposed to mitigate this kind of hazards.


Summary Prognostic models in survival analysis typically aim to describe the association between patient covariates and future outcomes. More recently, efforts have been made to include covariate information that is updated over time. However, there exists as yet no standard approach to assess the predictive accuracy of such updated predictions. In this article, proposals from the literature are discussed and a conditional loss function approach is suggested, illustrated by a publicly available data set.


Data on Angus (ANG), Charolais (CHA), Hereford (HER), Limousin (LIM) and Simmental (SIM) cattle were used to estimate genetic parameters for calving difficulty (CD), birthweight (BWT) and gestation length (GL) using threshold-linear models and to examine the effect of inclusion of random effect of sire × herd interaction (SxH) in the models. For models without SxH, estimated heritabilities for direct genetic effect of CD were 0.24 (±0.02), 0.22 (±0.04), 0.31 (±0.02), 0.22 (±0.04) and 0.17 (±0.01) for ANG, CHA, HER, LIM and SIM, respectively, whereas maternal heritabilities ranged from 0.13 to 0.20. Estimated heritabilities for direct genetic effect of BWT were 0.38 (±0.01), 0.37 (±0.03), 0.46 (±0.01), 0.35 (±0.02) and 0.36 (±0.01) for ANG, CHR, HER, LIM and SIM, respectively, whereas maternal heritabilities ranged from 0.08 to 0.11. Estimated heritabilities for direct genetic effect of GL were 0.59 (±0.02), 0.42 (±0.04), 0.50 (±0.03), 0.45 (±0.04) and 0.42 (±0.03) for ANG, CHR, HER, LIM and SIM, respectively, whereas maternal heritabilities ranged from 0.03 to 0.09. Genetic correlations between direct genetic effects of CD with BWT were highly positive and with GL were moderately positive for all five breeds. Estimated genetic correlations between direct genetic effects and maternal genetic effects (rdm) ranged across the five breeds from –0.40 (±0.05) to –0.16 (±0.02), –0.41 (±0.03) to –0.27 (±0.08) and –0.47 (±0.10) to –0.06 (±0.12) for BWT, GL and CD, respectively. Fitting SxH interaction as additional random effect significantly increased the log-likelihood for analyses of BWT, GL and CD of all breeds, except for GL of CHA. The estimated heritabilities were less than or equal to the estimates obtained with models omitting SxH. The rdm increased (i.e. became less negative) for BWT, GL and CD of all five breeds. However, the increase for GL was not substantially high in comparison to the increase observed for BWT and CD. Genetic parameters obtained for BWT, GL and CD, by fitting SxH as an additional random effect, are more appropriate to use in the genetic evaluation of calving ease in BREEDPLAN.


ONE of the reasons for the slow spread of group-analytic theory and method in the social sciences could be fniind in the origins of group analysis itself. I n the beginning there was no group-analytic theory of Freud to challenge the social scicnces with a group-analytic theory of culture. Freud's 'Totem and Taboo' and 'Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego' have not yet been rewritten from a group analyst's perspective. The two works were milestones in the history of the psychoanalytic theory of culture and they are still powerful, if only for the depth with which Freud penetrated the available anthropological and sociological literature. His theoretical formulas concerning latent, unconscious structures and processes beneath the surface of culture, formulas of collective guilt complexes, of collective defences and expressions of aggression against the big men who rule a society and so on, arc of such suggestive plausibility that we are easily led to overlook some weaknesses of Freud's approach.


It is not my purpose to discuss the conditions in which the posterior nasal plug is indicated but merely to illustrate a variation in technique that has proved beneficial both to the patient and to the surgeon. So far as can be ascertained, this variation has not been described previously. All those engaged in the practice of otorhinolaryngology have at one time or another been forced to resort to the use of the posterior nasal pack in the control of hemorrhage. In many instances the pack is inserted at the time of surgery while the patient is still on the operating table under general anesthesia. At other times the plug is inserted with the patient fully conscious of the procedure and suffering the utmost discomfort, as well as apprehension, due to the hemorrhage. All surgeons have used the soft rubber urethral catheter as a guide to recover the looped cord


The present study combines the examination of toxins produced by C. cassiicola and the effects of the fungus colonization on L. camara. C. cassiicola was cultivated on solid media and the crude extracts CAE and CE were produced. Both extracts were submitted to a seed germination and growth assay utilizing Physalis ixocarpa, Trifolium alexandrinum, Lolium multiflorum and Amaranthus hypochodriacus. The effect of the extracts on the ATP-synthesis in isolated spinach chloroplasts was also tested. Bioassay guided chromatographic fractionation identified the most active extract (CAE). From this extract ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (C1) and fatty acids were isolated. The C1 compound reduce ATP synthesis in isolated spinach chloroplasts. The interference of fatty acids with ATP synthesis and also with weed growth provides one explanation of the phytogrowth-inhibitory properties of such fungal extracts. Histological observations involving fungus-plant interaction were made on L. camara plants inoculated with C. cassiicola conidia suspension. After inoculations, fragments of the leaf blades were prepared for observation by light and scanning electron microscopy. Fungal colonization of Lantana camara was typical of a necrotroph and penetration initiated a hypersensitive response. L. camara reacted to the pathogen penetration through thickening of the epidermis walls, cytoplasm granulation and a cicatrisation tissue.


The unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equations (UNLSEs) are universal equations of the class of nonlinear integrable systems, which reveal the temporal changing of disruption in slightly stable and unstable media. In current paper, an improved auxiliary equation technique is proposed to obtain the wave results of UNLSE and modified UNLSE. Numerous varieties of results are generated in the mode of some special Jacobi elliptic functions and trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, many of which are distinctive and have significant applications such as pulse propagation in optical fibers. The exact soliton solutions also give information on the soliton interaction in unstable media. Furthermore, with the assistance of the suitable parameter values, various kinds of structures such as bright-dark, multi-wave structures, breather and kink-type solitons, and several periodic solitary waves are depicted that aid in the understanding of the physical interpretation of unstable nonlinear models. The various constructed solutions demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested approach, which proves that the current technique may be applied to other nonlinear physical problems encountered in mathematical physics.


The recent European Respiratory Society (ERS) Annual Meeting in London (September, 2016) has seen the beginning of a collaboration between the ERS and the European Society for Swallowing Disorders (ESSD) based on the importance (incidence and prevalence) of often unrecognised swallowing disorders in respiratory diseases. Patients with chronic respiratory diseases should be screened for oropharyngeal dysphagia to prevent complications http://ow.ly/JaXl309wdNG


The persistence of Vibrio cholerae, biotype el tor, in a patient treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was due to the acquisition of a conjugative resistance plasmid. The plasmid, with a molecular size of 72 megadaltons, belonged to incompatibility group 6-C and conferred resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim.


This is the first English-language book to focus on the electric rice cooker and the impact it has had on the lives of Asian people.


The Merlion is a mythical creature with a lion's head and the body of a fish that is widely used as a mascot and national personification of Singapore. Two Merlion statues are located at the park. The original Merlion structure measures 8.6 meters tall and spouts water from its mouth. It has subsequently been joined by a Merlion cub, which is located near the original statue and measures just 2 metres tall.


The primary quantum yield of ketene decomposition was studied as a function of pressure, temperature, and wavelength. The results show that excited vibronic states are formed which may be degraded ...


The present paper aims to identify the representations of final year students regarding their future career, by measuring the degree of satisfaction regarding the way in which the educational process (teaching-learning-evaluation axis) took place and by analysing their beliefs regarding the place and importance of the engineering profession on the labour market, in order to customize career counselling and orientation services. All these elements are revealed afterwards in the form of academic results obtained by students and their insertion rate into the labour market after graduation, representing a relevant feedback regarding the quality of the education process. As research method we have used the survey-based research, on a lot of 100 students from the first study year from the Faculty of IMST. The data was processed using the IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Software Suite and the result emphasizes a significant percentage of positive beliefs regarding the profession and one's own professional route.


Breast cancer is the most common and cause of cancer death among Malaysian women. Despite many therapeutic advances in the treatment of this cancer, overall the incidence rate is still unacceptable. Mortality that results from the breast cancer is still alarming. There is emerging attention in the use of natural products as a new chemopreventive agent. Aloe emodin (Ae), a natural active compound present in Aloe Vera leaves has been reported to have several medicinal properties including antioxidant, antiviral, and anticancer activities. This paper provides a literature review of Ae with an insight on the experimental design to be used. This study is using microarray as a tool, and it is a hope that the transcriptional profiles might give a new understanding on how the Ae compound affect the gene alteration. Protein study also will be carried out to integrate with molecular findings that might provide basic rational for in vivo study or can be extended into clinical setting. The outcomes of this study may explore widened possibilities of the medicinal properties of Ae in other types of cancer.


Abstract In the recent years, there has been a growing interest in identifying anomalous structure within multivariate data sequences. We consider the problem of detecting collective anomalies, corresponding to intervals where one, or more, of the data sequences behaves anomalously. We first develop a test for a single collective anomaly that has power to simultaneously detect anomalies that are either rare, that is affecting few data sequences, or common. We then show how to detect multiple anomalies in a way that is computationally efficient but avoids the approximations inherent in binary segmentation-like approaches. This approach is shown to consistently estimate the number and location of the collective anomalies—a property that has not previously been shown for competing methods. Our approach can be made robust to point anomalies and can allow for the anomalies to be imperfectly aligned. We show the practical usefulness of allowing for imperfect alignments through a resulting increase in power to detect regions of copy number variation. Supplemental files for this article are available online.


The LEO satellite network is threatened by accidental faults, malicious attacks and other factors during its operation. This paper proposed a model of survivability evaluation based on network utility. First, calculate the communication performance indicators of delay, congestion rate and throughput of LEO satellite networks by different types of queue theory birth and death model; then, combined these performance indicators with reliability and cost planning to construct network utility function which is used for evaluating the survivability of LEO satellite networks under natural failure, random attack, deliberate attack and saturation attack modes. The case study shows that: the greater the arrival rate of natural faults, the shorter the time required to descend to the network utility threshold, the network is more vulnerable to intentional attacks; the survivability can't be enhanced by adding buffers; the importance of nodes and links is related to the proportion of real-time and non-real-time services and the traffic of different satellite coverage areas.


Objective To seek new treating method of autumn diarrhoea. Methods 41 cases with autumn diarrhoea from 10 months to 3 years old were divided into two groups, 20 cases immunoglobulin oral solution therapeutic group (group I) and 21 cases routine therapy contrasting group (group II). We have compared their courses of diseases before being in hospital and periods of treatment. Results Course of disease was 2.17 day and period of treatment was 2.0 day averagely in group I. Course of disease was 2.98 day and period of treatment was 3.3 day averagely in group II. There was no significant difference in course of disease (P0.05). There was significant difference in period of treatment (P0.001). Conclusion Immunoglobulin oral solution can obviously shorten period of treatment of autumn diarrhoea.


Simple Summary Weaning involves multiple stressors and is one of the most critical periods for piglets. It is known that pigs try to compensate stressful events by different coping strategies that might culminate in the biting of other pigs. The reduction in the number of stressors by optimizing housing conditions might be a way to reduce tail biting, one huge challenge in modern pig production. Since tail docking as a measure to avoid injuries is banned by EU regulations, this study aims to present alternatives to combat tail biting. The present work shows that the group housing of lactating sows and their litters improves pig welfare after regrouping events in terms of skin lesions. Rearing in the farrowing pen with reduced regrouping positively affected the incidence of tail lesions and losses of undocked pigs. Against expectations, free farrowing and group housing systems had no negative impact on later performance during rearing or fattening. Abstract Feasible alternatives to stressful weaning and tail-docking are needed to inhibit tail biting. Therefore, we investigated the effects of housing systems for 1106 pigs that were weaned from: (1) conventional farrowing crates (FC), (2) free-farrowing pens (FF), or (3) group housing of lactating sows (GH) into (1) conventional rearing pens (Conv) or (2) piglets remained in their farrowing pens for rearing (Reaf). Tails were docked or left undocked batchwise. All pigs were regrouped for the fattening period. Pigs were scored for skin lesions, tail lesions and losses. After weaning, Conv-GH pigs had significantly less skin lesions than Conv-FC and Conv-FF pigs. After regrouping for fattening, Reaf-GH pigs had significantly less skin lesions than Conv pigs, Reaf-FC and Reaf-FF. The frequency of tail lesions of undocked Conv pigs peaked in week 4 (66.8%). Two weeks later, Reaf undocked pigs reached their maximum (36.2%). At the end of fattening, 99.3% of undocked Conv pigs and 43.1% of undocked Reaf pigs lost parts of their tail. In conclusion, the co-mingling of piglets during suckling reduced the incidence of skin lesions. Rearing in the farrowing pen significantly reduced the incidence of tail lesions and losses for undocked pigs. No housing system negatively affected the performance.


The robust manipulator control method based on a robust acceleration controller is effective for an accurate and guide manipulator motion control. However, as this method does not consider the limit values of torque and controller output, it often has an oscillated response or a windup phenomena caused by the saturation effect due to these limit values. This paper proposes the two new types of adjusting algorithm for manipulator control, which consider the limit values of torque and controller output. The robust manipulator motion control method using these adjusting algorithms well regulates the position and the path tracking smoothly and accurately, and its response does not cross over these limit values.


In this paper we derive a general, recursive, additive metric for complexity-constrained maximum-likelihood detection for multiuser CDMA using breadth-first detection algorithms.


In Making Democracy Work, Robert D. Putnam (1993) argues that (i) northern Italy has developed faster than southern Italy because the former was better endowed with social capital; and (ii) that the endowments of social capital across Italian territories have been highly persistent over centuries. This paper provides an empirical investigation of Putnam's case. To evaluate the relevance of social capital, we present a test based on five individual outcomes that are key issues for the underdevelopment of the south of Italy: worker productivity, entrepreneurship, female labor market participation, higher education, and job referrals. Exploiting regional differences in civic involvement in the late twentieth century as an instrument for current social capital, we show that social capital has a large effect on economic activity.


Study of gifted students using the Eye Tracking method aimed to
answer the question regarding whether it was possible to
analyse mathematical and logical intelligence of primary school
students. The above mentioned implies that no research has so
far been done on gifted students in the context of their
mathematical and logical intelligence as the important part of
science and mathematics giftedness.