Phrase has been considered as a more informative feature term for improving the effectiveness of document clustering. In this paper, a weighted phrase-based document similarity is proposed to compute the pairwise similarities of documents based on the Weighted Suffix Tree Document (WSTD) model. The weighted phrase-based document similarity is applied to the Group-average Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (GHAC) algorithm to develop a new Web document clustering approach. According to the structures of the Web documents, different document parts are assigned different levels of significance as structure weights stored in the nodes of the weighted suffix tree which is constructed with sentences instead of documents. By mapping each node and its weights in WSTD model into a unique feature term in the Vector Space Document (VSD) model, the new weighted phrase-based document similarity naturally inherits the term TF-IDF weighting scheme in computing the document similarity with weighted phrases. The evaluation experiments indicate that the new clustering approach is very effective on clustering the Web documents. Its quality greatly surpasses the traditional phrase-based approach in which the Web documents structures are ignored. In conclusion, the weighted phrase-based similarity works much better than ordinary phrase-based similarity.


The purpose of this degree paper was to determine, using a short survey, the degree of awareness among the population of Bled about foreign invasive species in Slovenia and their relationship to zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in Lake Bled. The inhabitants of Bled and its surroundings were divided into three groups: divers from local diving clubs, boatmen and other inhabitants of Bled and its surroundings. The first two groups are professionally connected with the lake and partly financially dependent, while the third group of respondents does not have such links. It turns out that divers and boatmen possess more knowledge of the zebra mussel and foreign species than the other inhabitants of Bled and its surroundings. The degree of knowledge was increased, by activities within the community aimed to inform the interested public through lectures and also by enhanced Slovenian media coverage on the topic. In connection to the media, we found that different age groups draw information from various sources (printed sources, television, the Internet, personal communication). These findings would be worth using in campaigns for preventing the spread of foreign species. It turns out in fact that a number of respondents, while being aware of local issues related to invasive species, have no real idea what native and non-native species are and why some non-native species are invasive.


The theoretical and finite element models were established for the gas-assisted extrusion from square die.The three dimensional non-isothermal computer simulation were carried out with the use of Fidap soft ware.The analysis and comparson showed that compared with the change of shape and size in conventional extrusion,gas-assisted extrusion could reduce the die swell effectively.So the shape and dimension precision of the extrudate could be improved which was helpful for the polymer extrusion processing with high speed and high quality.


This paper reviews research efforts for automatic guided vehicles (AGV's), autonomous land vehicles (ALV's), and automated highway vehicles (AHV's), focusing on current vehicle models and control strategies. Future research needs in the area of AHV's are also discussed.


Using a mixed self-assembly method, this research utilized modified Mb-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Mb-AuNPs-MPA) on the gold electrode surface to prepare a biosensor which was applied to detect superoxide anion-free electron mediators. Together with the study on the performance of the sensor, the characteristics of modified nanoclusters were investigated by UV-Vis and FTIR and the electrochemical characteristics of the electrode surface were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), respectively. It was demonstrated that the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the modified electrode (Mb-MPA-AuNPs/Au) was 7862 Ω, the exchange current density (i0) was 32.7 μA/cm-2. And a pair of reversible and symmetrical redox peaks appeared after the coordination of Cu2+, and the electrical signal response of Cu2+/Mb-AuNPs-MPA/Au reached the highest. The superoxide anion generated in the basic DMSO system was determined by CV using the modified electrode Cu2+/Mb-AuNPs-MPA/Au. It was discovered that the superoxide anion had a strong disproportionation effect.


A brief synthesis of (±)-hirsutene demonstrates the novel use of tris(phenylthio)methane as a dilithiomethane equivalent capable of consecutive conjugate additions to different enones to form a dienolate which can be oxidized to a cyclopentane


Most of the literature on Ultra Wide Band (UWB) transmitters is focused on indoor communications. This paper presents the architecture of an Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band (IR-UWB) transmitter for outdoor communications which complies with the FCC spectral limits. The transmitter consists of a pulse generator (PG) and a deriver circuit and has an operating frequency between 3.1 GHz and 6.4 GHz. The pulse output amplitude is ~ 700mV peak-to-peak into a 50Ω resistive load. The maximum data rate that can be achieved by the transmitter is 250Mbps at an overall power efficiency of 6.3%. The transmitter is compensated for voltage and temperature (VT) variations. The output pulse energy changes by less than 24% as the temperature varies from -55°C to 100°C, and by less than 5% as the supply voltage varies between 2.3 and 3.6V. The design is implemented in 180nm CMOS process and the simulation results with extracted R, L, C parasitics are presented.


Purpose Contrast‐free visualization of microvascular blood flow (MBF) using ultrasound can play a valuable role in diagnosis and detection of diseases. In this study, we demonstrate the importance of quantifying ensemble coherence for robust MBF imaging. We propose a novel approach to quantify ensemble coherence by estimating the local spatiotemporal correlation (LSTC) image, and evaluate its efficacy through simulation and in vivo studies. Methods The in vivo patient studies included three volunteers with a suspicious breast tumor, 15 volunteers with a suspicious thyroid tumor, and two healthy volunteers for renal MBF imaging. The breast data displayed negligible prior motion and were used for simulation analysis involving synthetically induced motion, to assess its impact on ensemble coherency and motion artifacts in MBF images. The in vivo thyroid data involved complex physiological motion due to its proximity to the pulsating carotid artery, which was used to assess the in vivo efficacy of the proposed technique. Further, in vivo renal MBF images demonstrated the feasibility of using the proposed ensemble coherence metric for curved array‐based MBF imaging involving phase conversion. All ultrasound data were acquired at high imaging frame rates and the tissue signal was suppressed using spatiotemporal clutter filtering. Thyroid tissue motion was estimated using two‐dimensional normalized cross correlation‐based speckle tracking, which was subsequently used for ensemble motion correction. The coherence of the MBF image was quantified based on Casorati correlation of the Doppler ensemble. Results The simulation results demonstrated that an increase in ensemble motion corresponded with a decrease in ensemble coherency, which reciprocally degraded the MBF images. Further the data acquired from breast tumors demonstrated higher ensemble coherency than that from thyroid tumors. Motion correction improved the coherence of the thyroid MBF images, which substantially improved its visualization. The proposed coherence metrics were also useful in assessing the ensemble coherence for renal MBF imaging. The results also demonstrated that the proposed coherence metric can be reliably estimated from downsampled ensembles (by up to 90%), thus allowing improved computational efficiency for potential applications in real‐time MBF imaging. Conclusions This pilot study demonstrates the importance of assessing ensemble coherency in contrast‐free MBF imaging. The proposed LSTC image quantified coherence of the Doppler ensemble for robust MBF imaging. The results obtained from this pilot study are promising, and warrant further development and in vivo validation.


Where does 'the international' come from? What accounts for its existence as a dimension of the human world? This article attempts an answer, in three steps, using the idea of 'uneven and combined development' (U&CD). First, a depth model is constructed, comparing different ways of linking uneven development with international relations. Thus far, it turns out, these ways have all presupposed the fact of political multiplicity, rather than explaining it. In search of explanation, the article turns, secondly, to the compelling historical sociological argument of Barry Buzan and Richard Little. This locates the origins of geopolitics in the late prehistoric shift from hunter-gatherer to settled agricultural existence, together with associated processes of social differentiation and proto-state formation. Buzan and Little's explanation appears at first to pre-empt the need for the concept of U&CD. Yet closer inspection reveals that unevenness and combination play a key role in their empirical account without, however, being theorized. The third step of the argument therefore seeks to show how these are necessary parts of the process of social change which Buzan and Little describe. And in this way it emerges that the origins of 'the international' do indeed lie in the uneven and combined character of historical development.


The amplification and equilibration of three-dimensional salt fingers in unbounded uniform vertical gradients of temperature and salinity is modeled with a Direct Numerical Simulation in a triply periodic computational domain. A fluid dynamics video of the simulation shows that the secondary instability of the fastest growing square-planform finger mode is a combination of the well-known vertical shear instability of two-dimensional fingers [Holyer, 1984] and a new horizontal shear mode.


Along with the establishment of marketing system for education,the quality of students has become the lifeblood of colleges and universities.Therefore,how to improve the quality of education and its effectiveness is much concerned by society.Quality education has just gained its existing room under this circumstances.


CVD systems require extensive engineering to produce uniform mass transport distribution across the surface of the substrate. In reactors subject to viscous flow effects, design for manufacturing any particular product involves modelling and experimentation particular to the geometrical configuration. Pulsed-Pressure CVD (PP-CVD) accomplishes both the bulk mass transport and uniform precursor concentration through critically rapid expansion of the precursor into the evacuated chamber. The PP-CVD reactor mass transport system was studied through experimental investigation and parameter modelling. A modified naphthalene sublimation technique was employed in an isothermal low pressure reactor to determine 3D flow field convective and pressure conditions. Uniformity of the mass transport field was investigated for various geometries over a wide range of steady and pulsed pressure conditions using nitrogen gas. The results define the design envelope and processing regime in which convective uniformity is achieved by domination of expansion effects over viscous effects. INTRODUCTION The fundamental principle of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is quite simple; reactant vapor or gas in the vicinity of a heated substrate react at the surface to produce a solid and volatile products. However, as Hitchman illustrates in his famous diagram of multi-dimensional system complexity, the engineering of reliable manufacturing equipment is a considerable challenge (1). The degree of complexity is reduced in low pressure reactors where viscous flow effects are negligible. However, many processes require a higher deposition rate than can be achieved at low pressures. The optimal CVD process would be mass transport limited with controllable and uniform precursor flux in three dimensions, high conversion efficiency, and geometric and size scalability. We have been pursuing the idea of pulsing the reactor pressure as a means to achieve controlled uniform molecular flux (2). In our first investigations we found that the pulsed-pressure MOCVD of TiO2 was accomplished at high conversion efficiency, and with good microstructure control (3). More recently, we have investigated the flow dynamics in the pulsed-pressure reactor, and reported that the rapid expansion of a gas into the reactor produced a uniform and well mixed flow pattern compared to steady flow (4). In current work we are studying the design relationships and processing parameters that produce a uniform pulsed flow field. The theory is based on the simplified model of the injection and exhaust phases, and gives rise to the important non-dimensional parameters. The experimental method uses the relative sublimation of naphthalene samples placed throughout the reactor volume over the range of each non-dimensional parameter. The convective mass transport field uniformity is determined from a statistical treatment of the naphthalene sublimation data. The most important non-dimensional parameters governing flow field uniformity in pulsed-pressure CVD are the exhaust time constant and the fill time constant. As long as the pulse cycle time and injection time were kept within specific ranges related directly to the design variables of reactor geometry and vacuum pump speed, then the convection field remained uniform up to the highest pressures studied, in excess of 20 kPa. DESIGN OF PULSED PRESSURE CVD The operating principle of pulsed-pressure CVD is a very rapid injection of the precursor into a low pressure reactor, followed by an evacuation cycle. This process produces a reactor pressure pattern shown in Figure 1, and is accomplished for gas precursor injection by the design shown as a schematic in Figure 2. The system can be broken down into three subsystems; injection, reactor and exhaust. The injection system consists of the gas source, usually a large high-pressure cylinder with supply pressure, Ps, controlled by a regulator, an injection supply volume, Vs, and timed solenoid valves to alternately fill the supply volume, and open the supply to the reactor to discharge the precursor injection through the orifice of area, As. The injection time, ti, is controlled by a computer program, as is the total cycle time between injections. Table 1. Design variables for Pulsed-CVD Parameter Name Range Injection Parameters: Supply Pressure Ps 100-400 kPa Supply Volume Vs 1 – 5 l Supply Tube Throat As 1-10 mm Injection Time ti 0.1 – 4 sec Reactor Parameters: Reactor Volume VR 4.4 & 18.42 l Peak Pulse Pressure Pmax 0.5 – 50 kPa Min Pulse Pressure Pmin 10 – 300 Pa Ultimate Pressure Pu 7 Pa Pulse Cycle Time tp 5 – 50 sec Substrate Heater Single Wafer Evacuation Speed SR QpC/(C+Qp) Reactor Conductance CR CR >> C Exhaust Parameters: System Conductance C 0.5-0.8 lit/sec Pump Speed Qp 2.6 lit/sec Relaxation Time R ea ct or P re ss ur e (k Pa )


VAILABLE INFORMATION on avoidance of the hazards introduced by infestations of dwel lings by birds, rodents, insects and by fungi, is briefly reviewed. More detailed consideration is given to the causes and prevention of the condensation which permits mould growths.


This is an argument for specificity in using the word "right" in the healthcare debate. Two statements commonly seen are: "everyone has the right to health care" and "health care is a human right." When statements like these are used the usual implication is that health care is not currently a right in the U.S. However, a right to health care does exist in various forms. For instance, there exists the right to purchase health care or health insurance. There exists the right to get health care if you are poor. Granted, assistance programs are having problems now, and you might have to lose your life savings and go bankrupt to qualify. There exists the right to walk into a hospital ER and demand health care, but you'll get a big bill. What doesn't exist is the right to health care which will not put anyone into financial distress.

The seminal documents of the U.S. reference rights endowed by a Creator, but the right to be given health care is not evident in these documents, nor in Western religious teaching, unless it can be considered a part of charity, which most religions consider a duty. The 1948 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 25, says everyone has a right to a standard of living adequate for health and well being, and it specifically mentions medical care (www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml).

Unfortunately, since medical care depends on working people and is not free, medical care will be competing with other rights, such as the right to an education and property rights. There are also questions of fairness. For example, should smokers have the right to take your money for lung cancer treatment? Do sexually promiscuous people have a right to your resources for HIV treatment? We are all doing something unhealthy. Can we demand others pay for the consequences of our actions?

It is probable that the word "right" is often used in health care arguments because the concept of a right is powerful, emotional, seems simple, and implies that there can be no argument against it. But as noted above, the right to health care can mean many different things. Providing health care rights requires infringement upon other rights, moral judgements, and a complex allocation of resources. Simple blanket statements like: "everyone has a right to health care" are meaningless. Arguing over such a statement is useless. Appropriate arguments are more specific: exactly what will constitute future health care rights, and how will adequate resources be developed to provide for them.


L A C E N T A P R A E V I A A C C R E T A P is an uncommon condition. Estimates of its frequency vary widely, from 1 in 2,000 (Irvine & Hertig, 1937) to 1 in 40,000 deliveries (Phaneuf, 1933), probably on account of varying criteria of diagnosis. It has been suggested by Kistner et al. (1952) that a larger proportion of cases of placenta praevia would show evidence of placenta accreta if histological examination was carried out routinely, and that this abnormality may account for persistent bleeding from the lower uterine segment in certain cases of placenta praevia On the other hand, Parks et al. (1953) have shown that, even in cases where the abnormal adherence of the placenta necessitated hysterectomy, histological examination may not confirm the presence of placenta praevia. Placenta praevia accreta as a clinical entity is very rare, having been reported only fiftytwo times, between 1896 (Leary, 1957), and 1958 (Solomons, 1958). As the principal aetiological factor in placenta accreta is a decidual deficiency, it is rather surprising that it does not occur more frequently when the placenta is implanted partially or entirely in the lower uterine segment, where the decidua frequently is poorly formed. In one reported case of type I 1 placenta praevia, only the portion of the placenta which was implanted i n the upper segment was accreta. This patient had previously undergone manual removal of the placenta, and curettagc 1 month later because of bleeding (Shannon & Dodenhoff, 1947). Operations of this nature are quoted in most standard works as aetiological factors in placenta accreta, but no satisfactory statistical evidence is available to substantiate this.


Background: The anatomical knowledge of the variability of the azygos venous system is important for the surgical interventions of the posterior mediastinum and also during radiological investigations/diagnosis especially CT and MRI. The variant azygos venous system might be confused with thoracic aorta aneurysms, lymphadenopathy and tumours of posterior mediastinum. Methods: The present study was undertaken on 10 embalmed adult human cadavers irrespective of sex, used for undergraduate dissection from the Department of Anatomy, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya. In this present study, formation, course and termination pattern of azygos system of veins was observed in 10 dissected human cadavers. Out of which 2 cadavers showed different types of variations. Results: In the present study, normal azygos venous system was found in 8 specimens accounting for 80%. Variations were found in 2 specimens (20%); one specimen presented with connection between accessory hemiazygos vein and hemiazygos vein, 3 transverse channels across vertebral column and the other specimen showed absence of accessory hemiazygos vein and shifting of azygos vein towards midline. Conclusions: Accurate knowledge about these kinds of variations is very important to identify, especially in the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of mediastinum. The abnormal azygos venous system may easily be confused with aneurysm, lymphadenopathy and other abnormalities like tumor. It is important to keep these kinds of variations in mind while performing the mediastinal operations or surgery of large vessels.


Based on the 1961-2010 NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, this work uses empirical orthogonal function(EOF) and composite analysis to study the distributions of zonal land-sea thermal contrast between Asia and the Pacific during transitions from the summer monsoon to the winter monsoon in East Asian subtropics, and investigates the interannual variations of the thermal contrast and their relationships with circulation systems over the East Asian subtropics. The findings are as follows. 1) In autumn, the interannual variations of the temperature deviation in the middle and upper troposphere show significant east-west out-of-phase teleconnection over Asia and the central and eastern Pacific, i.e. the Asian-Pacific Oscillation, or APO. 2) While not as significant as in summer with regard to coverage and intensity, the APO shows interannual variations in autumn that well depicts the change in the intensity of the subtropical monsoon. In the high(low) APO year, the current subtropical summer monsoon is strong(weak) and the winter monsoon is weak(strong) in East Asia as derived from the general circulation and wind field of the East Asian-Pacific region.


DOCUMENT RESUME UD 010 371 Herman, Henrietta,..Ed. The American Negro: His History and His Contributions-to Our Culture; A Bibliography Prepared for the Elementary Schools As a Part of the ESEA Title III 'Protect. Yonkers City School District, N.Y. Jun 60 45p. EARS Price MF-$0.25 HC,12.3 African Culture, African History, American History, *Annotated Bibliographies, Booklists, *Elementary Grades, Negro Achievement, Negro Culture, Negroes, *Negro History, *Negro Literature, Negro Organizations, *Negro Role, Reading Materials The contents of this annotated bibliography, prepared as part of an F.S.F.A. Title III project, are divided into three sections: (1) The role of the Negro in the historical development of the United States; (2) The Negro in family, school, and community life in contemporary America; and, (3) Highlights in African history -past and present. All titles have been verified with Books in Print" so that either the publisher or a book jobber should be able to supply them. The listings are up-to-date and had a terminal assembly date of June 15, 196q. The materials have been grouped so that their relation to the elementary curriculum is evident. For each book listed the following information is provided: classification number, title, author, publisher, copyright date, number of pages, illustration status, price, annotation, and assessed reading level. (JM)


1. Introduction Relevance or relatedness across speaker utterances is a basic normative ideal of conversation, upon which inter-subjective coherence is said to depend (Grice 1975; Sperber and Wilson 1986). Floutings of relevance are the exceptions that prove the rule, in that they typically signal an underlying coherence that can be derived through cognitive inferencing. Most research on relevance assumes a model of conversation based on spoken communication, in which logically-related utterances tend to occur adjacent to one another in temporal sequence. In text-based computer-mediated communication (CMC), in contrast, related utterances are not reliably adjacent, as in the following Internet Relay Chat exchange (example from Paolillo, 2011):


In this paper, we at first dismembers the characteristics of the online deal and proposes a general examination framework about the arrangement of online closeout. The standards of this application are, the unpredictable landing system of bidders, the closeouts time, the part measure and the business expenses ought to be considered on Internet trades. In perspective on the properties of online deal and a general examination structure related to the arrangement of online deal, by then we present single-unit and multi-unit perfect closeout models in order to grow the merchant' expected advantages whether the spare expense is open or private demonstrating the favored culmination time of the action, similarly as a discipline work that depicts the cost of slighting the due date. We target cloud work trades that executes in an online way, continues running in polynomial time, gives trustworthiness guarantee, and achieves perfect social welfare for the cloud condition and usage may reflecting the whole that the customer is glad to pay for executing its movement and Moving to those these destinations, we impact the going with extraordinary and new closeout structure methods. At first, we modify the posted assessing auction structure for moving genuine online offers. next, we address the test displayed by sensitive due date confinements through another strategy of preservationist exponential-measure LPs joined with twofold segment prophets. At long last, we make profitable social welfare surmise figurings using the incredible base twofold framework reliant on both LP duals and Eschol duals. In single-unit closeout, when the seller with open or private hold esteem grabs the maximal expected advantage independently, the perfect open spare expense is higher than the perfect private spare expense. In multi-unit closeout, it is exhibited that the vendor with private spare expense can get the more prominent advantages than the dealer with open spare expense. At long last, numerical outcomes for two cases are given, where we figure the maximal foreseen hard and fast income.


The multiple scattering effects occurring between two scatterers are described based upon the multipole expansion formalism as well as the addition theorem of cylindrical wave functions. An original approach is presented in which an effective incident acoustic field on a particular object, which includes both the primary and re-scattered waves from the other particle is determined first, and then used with the scattered field to derive closed-form analytical expressions for the inherent (i.e. intrinsic) cross-sections based on the far-field scattering. This method does not introduce any approximation in the calculation of the intrinsic cross-sections since the procedure is reduced to the one-body problem. The mathematical expressions for the intrinsic cross-sections are formulated in partial-wave series expansions (PWSEs) in cylindrical coordinates involving the angle of incidence, the addition theorem for the cylindrical wave functions, and the expansion coefficients of the scatterers. Numerical examples illustrate the analysis for two rigid circular cylindrical cross-sections with different radii immersed in a non-viscous fluid. Computations for the dimensionless extrinsic and intrinsic extinction cross-section factors are evaluated with particular emphasis on varying the angle of incidence, the interparticle distance, as well as the sizes of the particles. A symmetric behavior is observed for the dimensionless extrinsic extinction cross-section, while asymmetry arises for the intrinsic extinction cross-section of each particle with respect to the angle of incidence. The present analysis provides a complete analytical and computational method for the prediction of the intrinsic (local) scattering, absorption and extinction cross-sections in the multiple acoustic scatterings of plane progressive waves of arbitrary incidence by a pair of scatterers. The results and computational analyses can be used as a priori information for future applications to guide the direct or inverse characterization of multiple scattering systems in acoustically-engineered metamaterials, cloaking devices, particle dynamics, levitation, manipulation and handling, and other areas.


Nowadays, emerging sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks, the Internet of Things (IoT), and mobile-edge computing (MEC) technologies have played significant roles in developing a sustainable computing network. In sustainable computing networks, with the increasing scale of data-driven applications, massive privacy-sensitive data are generated. How to effectively process such data on resource-limited IoT devices is challenging. Although edge intelligence (EI) is designed to maintain an appropriate level of ultradelay reliability, low-latency communication (URLLC), real-time data processing, and security and privacy are concerning. In this article, we propose a novel blockchain-supported hierarchical digital twin IoT (HDTIoT) framework, which combines the digital twin to edge network and adopts blockchain technology to achieve secure and reliable real-time computation. We first propose a data and knowledge dual-driven learning solution to ensure real-time interaction and efficient optimization between the physical and the digital worlds. To improve communication and computation efficiency with data and knowledge dual-driven learning, the optimization goal is to minimize the system delay and energy consumption and ensure system reliability and the learning accuracy of IoT devices. Moreover, we propose a proximal policy optimization (PPO)-based multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithm to solve the resource allocation (RA) problem. Experimental results show that the proposed RA scheme can improve the efficiency of the HDTIoT system, guarantee learning accuracy, reliability, and security, and make a balance between system delay and energy consumption.


Global warming as the name suggests is global. Africa is no exemption. However, Africa has come up with solutions to global warming which do include effective land use planning to avoid forest degradation, developing renewable energy and lacking the expansion of coal fired power plants. Africa is likely to be most affected by impacts of global warming which are in the form of drought, famine, and desertification and population displacement [2].


Takemitsu interesting answer these ques-tions, although – see including the elements of Schafer's – not the only one. Extensive anthropological and psychologi-cal research in this area is also Abstract The link between silence and death has been a recurring theme of human thought and can often be found in reflections on music. Among many attempts to approach this problem, the author of this paper fo-cuses on those done by Gisèle Brelet and Tōru Takemitsu. The "faithful companion" of music which "perpetually is born, dies and is born again" – this is one of the ways in which French musicologist describes silence. "For a human being, there is always the duality of life and death. Music as an art form always has to connect vehemently with both" – notices Japanese composer, who in another statement combines silence with "the dark world of death". Interestingly, both Brelet and Takemitsu arrive at the conclusion that such connotations may well be the source of the fear of silence that affects some composers or performers. Despite different contexts, some analogies to their thought – like connecting silence with nothingness and loneliness – may be also found in the Canadian composer Raymond Murray Schafer's writings, presented fragmentarily in the last subsection. The differences in the notion of the problem between the authors are, moreover, discussed in this paper.


A new formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics is presented and applied to a free, massive, and spin-zero elementary particle in the Minkowski spacetime. The reformulation requires that time and space, as well as the timelike and spacelike intervals, are treated equally, which makes the new theory fully symmetric and consistent with the special theory of relativity. The theory correctly reproduces the classical action of a relativistic particle in the path integral formalism, and allows for the introduction of a new quantity called vector-mass, whose physical implications for nonlocality, the uncertainty principle, and quantum vacuum are described and discussed.


It is one of the important causes that the precision of the thread grinder decide the machining errors of the ball screw. The approach described in this study demonstrates how the dominant causes of the inaccuracies in thread grinding system can be determined. To evaluate the machining error of thread grinder, rotary encoder is allocated to spindle shaft and master screw for measuring the rotational transfer error between spindle shaft and master screw and the laser measuring system is used for checking the movement error.


The classical problem of the direct construction of integrals for a Hamiltonian system in the neighbourhood of an elliptic equilibrium point is revisited in the light of the rigorous Nekhoroshev's like theory. It is shown how the results about stability over exponentially large times can be recovered in a simple and effective way, at least in the non-resonant case, and in fact even more conveniently than with the usual indirect method involving normalizing canonical transformations. An application is also made to the problem of the freezing of the harmonic actions in classical models On etudie la construction d'integrales premieres d'un systeme hamiltonien au voisinage d'un point fixe elliptique par une methode de type Nekhoroshev. On montre comment les resultats de stabilite sur des temps exponentiellement longs peuvent etre retrouves simplement dans les cas non resonnants, et en fait plus aisement que par la methode habituelle des transformations canoniques. On donne une application a l'invariance de l'action harmonique dans des modeles classiques


Understanding the cellular signaling and function at the nano-bio interface can pave the way towards developing next-generation smart diagnostic tools. From this perspective, limited reports detail so far the cellular and subcellular forces exerted by bacterial cells during the interaction with abiotic materials. Nanowire arrays with high aspect ratio have been used to detect such small forces. In this regard, live force measurements were performed ex-vivo during the interaction of Xylella fastidiosa bacterial cells with InP nanowire arrays. The influence of nanowire array topography and surface chemistry on the response and motion of bacterial cells was studied in detail. The nanowire arrays were also functionalized with different cell adhesive promoters, such as amines and XadA1, an afimbrial protein of X.fastidiosa. By employing the well-defined InP nanowire arrays platform, and single cell confocal imaging system, we were able to trace the bacterial growth pattern, and show that their initial attachment locations are strongly influenced by the surface chemistry and nanoscale surface topography. In addition, we measure the cellular forces down to few nanonewton range using these nanowire arrays. In case of nanowire functionalized with XadA1, the force exerted by vertically and horizontally attached single bacteria on the nanowire is in average 14% and 26% higher than for the pristine array, respectively. These results provide an excellent basis for live-cell force measurements as well as unravel the range of forces involved during the early stages of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation.


Background:
Increased population mobility has continued to occur over time, especially worker mobility consisting of commuter mobility and circular mobility. A person's mobility is very influential on the condition of health status, especially related to the spread of infectious diseases. Direct infectious disease is a disease with the transfer of germs through physical contact from a sick person or a carrier to a healthy person.
Objectives:
To analyze the impact of the population mobility revolution on the spread of infectious diseases in Indonesia.
Research Metodes:
The study was conducted by studying literature through collecting supporting articles and analyzing secondary data. The data used are direct infectious disease data consisting of Tuberculosis, HIV, Hepatitis and Leprosy from the Indonesian Health Profile, Main Results of Basic Health Research, and Statistics Data from the Central Statistics Agency, as well as previous research articles.
Results:
The trend of the mobility of movers experienced an increase in line with trends in communicable diseases such as Tuberculosis, HIV, and Hepatitis. High mobility affects the spread of infectious diseases Tuberculosis, Hepatitis and Leprosy seen from the factor of interaction with others, as well as the influence on HIV. The influence can be seen from Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) who transmit to their customers and the families of CSW customers who can transmit it to their wives.
Conclusion:
The increased mobility pattern of movers is accompanied by an increased pattern of direct infectious diseases including tuberculosis, HIV, and hepatitis.

Keywords: Mobility, Population, Spread, Infectious Diseases


As one of the Newly Industrial Economics, Singapore's economy has been developing rapidly since the 1970s. It is a small island, small city, small country, and it is a beautiful, livable Garden City suitable for work and play. Its ecological environment is very beautiful, and attracts both high technology industry and financial services settle in Singapore. Good experiences of Singapore in the field of environmental protection were introduced mainly from the aspects of environmental legislation, environmental planning, environmental law enforcement and environmental education. The countermeasures and suggestions of Nanjing environmental protection and ecological construction were put forward.


A method for the device for tightening or loosening fasteners fluid supply apparatus, comprising: a first fluid delivery member (130) having a first axis and can be connected to the housing of the device; a second fluid transmission element (140), passed around a second axis substantially perpendicular to the first axis and a first fluid element (130) is rotatably connected; third fluid delivery element (150), about a third axis substantially perpendicular to the second axis and the second member (140) rotatably connected, and the transmission line can be connected to a fluid; and a first fluid conduit and the second fluid conduit member passing through the first fluid, second fluid and third fluid delivery element transfer element transfer fluid back and forth between the device and the fluid transfer line. A first fluid delivery member of the first axis can be rotated about 360 °; the second fluid delivery element second rotatable 360 ° about the axis; and a third fluid transfer member is less than the third axis can be rotated about 360 °.


Mobile computations are powerful tools that can enable efficient, reliable, and secure utilization of idle resources on large networks like the Internet. Native support for strongly mobile computations is an essential prerequisite for a user-friendly Internet programming language. In this work, we discuss further extensions and optimizations to our prototype Mobile Computational Model [7] that will take us a step further towards a full-fledged working system. Each of the tasks undertaken is non-trivial since it is complicated by considerations of strong mobility, heterogeneous architectures, and networks, within the constraints of the need for increased security and reliability.


Mono-energetic gamma-ray (MEGa-ray) sources can be readily produced via the optimized interaction of pulsed lasers with relativistic electron beams (inverse laser-Compton scattering). Such sources provide unrivaled photon source monochromaticity, pulse brightness and flux. In the MeV spectral range, MEGa-ray sources can be greater than 15 orders of magnitude higher peak brilliance than the world's largest synchrotrons. Optimized MEGa-ray sources can efficiently excite the isotope-specific resonant structure of the nucleus, i.e. nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) and can in turn be used in unique ways to detect the presence, location and amount of specific isotopes within complex objects. A review of the design, optimization and development of past and future MEGa-ray machines as well as a survey of nuclear applications being pursued with them at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is presented. Introduction: LLNL has more than a decade of experience in the development of laser-based Compton light sources. Over the past 7 years it has concentrated on the optimization of these sources for the production of mono-energetic gamma-rays (MEGa-rays) which can in turn be used to excite electromagnetic resonances of the nucleus, i.e. nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF). NRF signatures depend upon the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and are unique fingerprints of each isotope. By monitoring the attenuation of resonant MEGa-ray photons one may determine with isotopic specificity the presence, amount and distribution of materials in arbitrary objects. Furthermore, since most NRF transitions of interest occur at photon energies that are highly penetrating, e.g. in the 1 MeV and 4 MeV spectral range, it is possible to assay and detect materials inside of thick objects with MEGa-ray beams. At LLNL, efforts are currently underway to create a first-of-its-kind, compact, tunable (0.1 MeV to 4 MeV) MEGa-ray source whose spectral flux will be up to 5 orders of magnitude higher and bandwidth 2 orders of magnitude narrower than any existing MEGa-ray capability. This new source will be the centerpiece of a dedicated Nuclear Photonics Facility at LLNL whose aim is to enable NRF-based studies and demonstrations of relevance to a wide variety of unresolved nuclear problems and issues. Examples include: rapid (fractions of a second) detection of concealed nuclear material, high precision (better than 100 parts per million) non-destructive assay of spent nuclear fuel assemblies, isotope-specific, high-resolution (less than 10 micron spatial resolution) 3D imaging of nuclear materials in existing waste containers and waste processing streams. Compton Sources: Compton scattering of laser photons from relativistic electrons was first demonstrated in 1965. [1] In that experiment a giant pulse ruby laser interacted with 6 GeV electrons and created approximately 8 upshifted photons per laser pulse. In the years following this demonstration, laser Compton scattering was used as a diagnostic of electron beam quality in advanced accelerators. In its simplest configuration, laser light is incident head with the electron beam and the on axis, upshifted photons have an energy equal to 4γ2El, where γ is the normalized energy of the electron and El is the incident photon energy. By monitoring the spectrum of the upshifted photons, one may learn about the energy spread the electron beam. In the 1990's a renaissance in laser Compton scattering arose from the ultrafast materials community which used the process to produce short duration bursts of x-rays, typically of a few 100 fs to few ps in duration.[2,3] In order to reduce the duration of the resulting x-ray pulse in these systems often the laser was incident at right angles to the electron beam direction. While these sources produced short duration x-rays, they also produced relatively broadband x-rays (>10% ΔE/E), were relatively inefficient and the up-scattered photon energy was only half of that from a head on collision. Fundamentally the efficiency of laser Compton scattering is limited by the small magnitude of the Thomson cross section (~0.6 barns) and the inability of electron beams to be focused to spots on par with minimum laser spot dimensions. In 1994, LLNL scientists recognized [4] that the Compton scattering brilliance should increase rapidly as a function of electron beam energy and beam quality. To first order this occurs because at higher electron beam energy it is possible to overcome electrostatic repulsion and focus the electron to smaller spot dimensions. Roughly, the electron spot dimension is proportional to its beam energy and thus the peak brilliance (photons/ sec/0.1%BW/mrad2/mm2) of the laser Compton source increases as function of electron beam energy somewhere between 2nd and 4th power. This rapid increase in peak brilliance is illustrated in Figure 1 and is in stark contrast to the trends of alternative sources, such as large scale synchrotrons. In the nuclear excitation region above 100 keV, the peak brilliance of 3rd generation synchrotrons decreases faster than exponentially. Above 2 MeV, the peak brilliance of a mono-energetic gamma-ray (MEGa-ray) source produced via laser-Compton scattering can exceed that of the largest synchrotrons by more than 15 orders of magnitude. It is important to note that for many nuclear applications and especially for those related to nuclear materials management, it is the bandwidth of the Compton source and not the pulse duration that is of foremost importance. The optimization of laser-Compton scattering to produce narrowband MEGa-rays involves a different approach to machine design than that pursued for short duration x-ray sources. Schematically the differences are illustrated in Figure 2. The bandwidth of the Compton source is driven by three effects; the energy spread of the electron bunch, the bandwidth of the laser photons and the spread due to the angle correlation in the interaction region. Bandwidth can be minimized with high quality (low emittance) electron beams, 10 ps or longer laser pulses and near collimated laser-electron interaction geometries. Fractional bandwidths of 10-3 ΔE/E or ~2 orders of magnitude less than that demonstrated from short-duration, laser-Compton x-ray sources are possible with careful design. Figure 1. Peak brilliance of a laser-Compton MEGa-ray source relative to that of a state-of-the-art 3rd generation synchrotron Figure 2. Schematic of laser-Compton optimization for different applications. Left panel: femtosecond x-ray configuration. Middle panel: high efficiency x-ray configuration. Right panel: narrowband MEGa-ray configuration. Nuclear Photonics: MEGa-ray sources based on laser Compton scattering can enable "Nuclear Photonics", that is the photon-based manipulation and study of the nucleus. In particular MEGa-ray sources are well suited to excitation of nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF). NRF is a unique signature of the isotope as opposed to element. While NRF transitions at room temperature are very narrow (10-5 to 10-6 ΔE/E), selective excitation is possible with an optimized, 10-3 ΔE/E bandwidth MEGa-ray source. Furthermore, NRF cross sections of interest are large compared to background and often occur within the max-transparency window for most materials (see Figure 3). Figure 3. Scatter plot of relative NRF cross sections as a function of mass number and photon energy. Dot size is proportional to cross section magnitude. Red dots are larger than the atomic background at the particular energy. MEGa-ray excitation of NRF can be used in "reflection" or in "transmission" to determine the presence or absence of a particular isotope. In reflection, one illuminates the object in question and looks for the characteristic NRF relaxation radiation which is emitted into 4π. In transmission one looks for the absence of resonant photons in the transmitted beam. Besides being intrinsically less susceptible to clandestine attempts to obscure signals, transmission based systems can also provide quantitative assay and high resolution spatial information regarding the isotopic content of the object. In transmission the primary issue is low angle Compton scattering which can create new photons at the resonance energy and degrade measurement accuracy. This problem is alleviated for sufficiently narrowband and collimated MEGa-ray sources. [5] In order to illustrate the assay and imaging potential of MEGa-ray sources, we have added selected NRF cross sections to an existing LLNL Monte Carlo, COG [6] and used this for a series of isotopic-specific material detection, assay and imaging simulations. In one example, we consider a test object consisting of 2.2 cm diameter tungsten spherical shell in which a LiH test object is placed (see Figure 4). The test object has had material removed to provide an imaging challenge. Figure 4. Test object for imaging simulation. Left is front view of the 2.2 cm W sphere containing LiH. The dark bars are "infinite" absorbing numerical resolution grid. Right is the 3D rendering of the test object . Two images are constructed using the LLNL COG code; one simulating illumination by a 9 MeV Bremsstrahlung source and one simulating illumination by a MEGa-ray source tuned to the 478 keV NRF transition of 7Li. The bandwidth, beam source size and beam divergence of the MEGa-ray source are obtained from other LLNL laser-Compton simulation codes that have been benchmarked as part of previous LLNL laser-Compton source projects. The Bremsstrahlung source characteristics are taken from standard models. High flux MEGa-ray detection is assumed to be accomplished using LLNL's novel, Dual Isotope Notch Observation (DINO) detector configuration [6]. As expected the Bremsstrahlung image, which is basically a map of the electron density seen by the beam, provides no spatial information, i.e. the 3 electrons around Li provide negligible contrast relative to the 74


Comparing Argentina and Colombia's constitutional history, their differences found between now and few similarities. The ma in similarity is found in 1853, for political constitutions that represent a great historical value for the two nations were is sued. In Argentina it meant the consolidation of the form of Federal State, in Colombia a fleeting attempt to national sovereignty.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the timing of disappearance of high-resistance uterine artery waveforms between the first and second trimester of pregnancy and birth weight. METHODS: Uterine artery Doppler recordings were obtained in a cohort of singleton pregnancies at 11–14 weeks of gestation and subsequently at 18–23 weeks. At each examination, the presence or absence of an early diastolic notch was recorded for each side. An abnormal pattern of blood flow was defined as the presence of bilateral notches. Cases complicated by preeclampsia or preterm delivery were excluded. RESULTS: Four hundred eleven pregnancies showed absent or unilateral uterine artery notches at the 11–14–week scan (group 1). All these cases maintained a low-resistance uterine blood flow pattern at the second-trimester scan. Of the 251 pregnancies with bilateral notches at the 11–14–week scan, 222 subsequently displayed a low-resistance blood flow at 18–23 weeks (group 2) whereas only 29 maintained bilateral notches (group 3). The mean birth weight was higher in group 1 (3,452 g) than in groups 2 (3,310 g) and 3 (3,224 g). This difference was confirmed after adjusting for confounding variables. Small-for-gestational-age fetuses were more common in groups 2 (14.9%) and 3 (14%) compared with group 1 (6.8%, P < .001). During the study period, severe preterm preeclampsia was observed in 6 cases only. CONCLUSION: The longitudinal variation in uterine artery blood flow pattern has a statistically significant correlation with birth weight, likely reflecting the timing and degree of trophoblastic invasion of the maternal vessels. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2


The results of a simulation study into various aerial image characteristics are presented, and these characteristics are shown to relate to features of the simulated developed resist profile. The results were obtained using the simulation program SPESA, and a related program VARYIM: - A novel method of presenting image characteristics over the full line/spacewidth domain will be introduced. - Relative intensity at the mask edge and lateral position of an intensity threshold are shown to be good indicators for developed feature size. - Intensity gradient at the mask edge is an indicator for lattitude with respect to dose, development and focus variations. - Image contrast and the maximum and minimum image intensities are not very useful as indicators either for developed feature size or process latitude.


Heuristics are used to cope with intractably large search spaces in adversarial games. In this paper, we examine several ways to improve performance of Minimax and AlphaBeta search in the game of Connect-k, a generalized version of the more famous Connect-4 game. In particular, we explore the use of the concept of threats as a family of features useful in the design of the heuristic. We also explore several move ordering schemes that stimulate pruning of the search tree. Finally, we attempt to implement transposition tables to improve Minimax search.


Four non-destructive tests for determining the length of fatigue cracks within the solder joints of a 2512 surface mount resistor are investigated. The sensitivity of the tests is obtained using finite element analysis with some experimental validation. Three of the tests are mechanically based and one is thermally based. The mechanical tests all operate by applying different loads to the PCB and monitoring the strain response at the top of the resistor. The thermal test operates by applying a heat source underneath the PCB, and monitoring the temperature response at the top of the resistor. From the modelling work done, two of these tests have shown to be sensitive to cracks. Some experimental results are presented but further work is required to fully validate the simulation results.


With orthogonal experimental design,potted seedlings of two black locust clones were grown in a light incubator to study the effects of increased nitrogen and phosphorus on photosynthetic characteristics of the seedlings under different levels of water stress. Analyses of photosynthesis-light response curve,P n max ,light saturation point (LSP),light compensation point (LCP) and the content of chlorophylls showed that with increased drought,LSP and LCP were influenced significantly by the interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus at the early stage of water stress,which was not significant at the late stage of water stress. Based on comparison between photosynthetic characteristics of the two black locust clones,it was concluded that L1 was more tolerant of drought than W1.


When intelligent machines coexist with humans, it is important that the intelligent machine's movement in response to human instruction is acceptable by the human state of mind. When a human instructs an intelligent machine with his or her finger, we focus on a simple and easy interface via which conversion of the finger indication to intelligent machine motion is realized by a transfer function. In this paper, we evaluate relations between the transfer functions and human feelings using Semantic Differential method. The results of the SD method show that there are typical forms of transfer functions and parameters to generate comfortable motion for humans. Desirable transfer functions are the first-order or the second-order delay elements in which the parameters must be chosen so that the maximum velocity of generated intelligent machine motion exists in the range of 71-77% of the maximum velocity of instruction movement. In addition, human feelings to the intelligent machine motion generated by human instructions are represented by the factors of "lively", "mild", and "interest".


Objective To assess the efficacy of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the ablation of feeding-artery in uterine fibroids.Methods A total of 45 women with uterine fibroids who had children accepted HIFU treatment.Color Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasound were used to target the supply vessels entered the fibroid.HIFU treatment was focused primarily on locations where supplying vessels entered the fibroid.Conventional ultrasound,color Doppler ultrasound,contrast-enhanced ultrasound and MRI were performed before and after HIFU treatment to observe the changes of imaging.Results After HIFU treatment,the volume of uterine fibroids decreased to certain extent.The blood signals decreased or disappeared in the treated regions.Bewteen two groups of the uterine fibroids diamete ≥5 cm and <5 cm,there were significant differences in the percentage of the nonperfusion regions in the volume of uterine fibroids (≥70%,P <0.05).Conclusions Ablation of feeding artery by HIFU is an effective treatment for the uterine fibroids.HIFU treatment is effective for the ablation of feeding-artery in uterine fibroids whose diameter less than 5 cm.

Key words:
High intensity focused ultrasound ablation; Uterine fibroids


Automated personal identification using unique characteristics of the human ear is emerging as an appealing modality in forensic and biometric domains. This study investigates the use of local texture descriptors for ear recognition, and the effects of the fusions of these descriptors. The study presents an investigation of Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and provides extensions of various local descriptors, namely Local Ternary Patterns (LTP), Local Directional Pattern (LDP) and Directional Ternary Patterns (DTP) to ear recognition. A novel approach is proposed for the fusion of these descriptors, referred to as Fusions of Local Descriptors (FLD). Experiments were performed on the publicly available IIT Delhi databases (IITD-l and IITD-2), consisting of several subjects under varying conditions. The experiments show exceptional results, highly competitive with and in some cases beyond the state-of-the-art. Best recognition rates yielded from the FLD fusing DTP and multi-resolution LBP. This study achieved a recognition rate of 95.88% and 97.44% on IITD-l and IITD-2 respectively.


This paper studies the events concurrently of 200m and 400m,triple jump and long jump of athletics,and demonstrated the feasibility of several events concurrently.Through reviewing the relevant literature,the factors restricting the development of athletics are found out and suggestions are put forward.


The arsonous acids melarsen oxide and pyridinyl-3-arsonous acid were successfully applied for chemical trapping of otherwise transient (un)folding intermediates. The trapped and arsonous acid-modified peptides and proteins were amenable to direct molecular weight determination by mass spectrometry, e.g. by nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Arsonous acids exhibited several advantageous features such as (i) cross-linking two closely spaced thiol groups providing detailed tertiary structure information, (ii) high solubility as monomeric and oligomeric derivatives in aqueous solution, (iii) adding a relatively large mass increment to proteins upon single modification and (iv) performing fast and specific modification of bis-thiol groups in proteins to form stable structures without any side reactions even with a high molar excess of arsonous acids. Bis-cysteine thiol-selective modification of vasopressin with pyridinyl-3-arsonous acid was confirmed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry measurements. The major product obtained by denaturing unfolding of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and trapping with melarsen oxide eluted like folded BPTI in high-performance liquid chromatography analyses, indicating a "native-like" structure of this folding intermediate. The results obtained from the investigated model compounds suggest a general applicability of arsonous acids for selective bis-thiol modifications, enabling the study of protein folding reactions by mass spectrometry.


An increased use of blended learning environments in higher education has been an emerging trend in the 21st century. Sometimes the definition of blended learning has been so broad that it makes it ...


Capacitação4Job (C4Job) is a project of the Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) that implements a solution to address the social problem of migrants' unemployment. This thesis is the result of participating on the fourth Social Impact Bond (SIB) Research Program at Laboratório de Investimento Social and it assesses the feasibility of using a SIB to finance JRS to scale to Oporto and to expand its target population. In addition, this thesis aims at contributing towards mobilizing private investors and public entities to work together with an innovative solution for the employability of migrants.


AMONG soldiers being separated from the service it has been observed that a number have aural scotomas which can be traced to the time or times that they were placed near gunfire, shellfire or blasts. These men were all between 20 and 30 years of age. Many of them had served with the infantry, artillery, engineering corps or tank corps and were exposed to periodic or more or less constant shellfire or gunfire. A large number of the men who were not in the aforenamed branches of the service stated that their trouble started after they had been exposed to rifle fire on the rifle ranges during their basic training and that it had not disappeared in varying durations of time from one to three years. The chief complaints offered by these men when we saw them were, first, that they were unable to hear a watch tick when held


Globally mental health conditions account for 16% of the global burden of disease to adolescents aged 10-19 years with depression ranking as one of the leading causes of illness and disability among this age group and the burden of depression is higher in low and middle-income countries. However, little is known about how these conditions predispose to out-of-school adolescent depression. This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with depression among out-of-school adolescents in Ayere village, northern Uganda. The study employed a crosssectional survey carried out in November 2020 in which 164 out-of-school adolescents in Ayere village, northern Uganda were randomly selected to participate in the study. The study revealed that 34% had major depressive disorders with the majority (66%) reporting no major depressive disorders. The socio-demographics associated with depressive disorder were age, marital status, support from friends and family members, and childbearing. The prevalence of the major depressive disorder among out-of school adolescents is substantially high and was associated with orphanhood, staying with a single parent, low support, and marital status. Results from our study underscore the importance of social support concerning major depressive disorders among out-of-school adolescents.


Background: Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) may exhibit antitumoral activity and can influence the reaction of both tumour and normal tissue to radiation.


Dear Editor, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. Current thinking on its etiopathogenesis is related to a close interplay between a genetically determined hyper-reactive innate immune system, a genetically predisposed adaptive immune system and some environmental factor(s). The environmental triggers that have been implicated in its etiopathogenesis include smoking, viruses and bacterial products. One of the triggering agents occasionally implicated in RA has been vaccination. Recently we saw a 46-year-old man with a 6-week history of symmetric inflammatory polyarthritis of insidious onset. There was history of a stray-dog bite on the left leg (category III), 1 week prior to the development of symptoms. He was given post-exposure rabies prophylaxis with purified vero-cell culture rabies vaccine (ABHAYRAB ) on days 0, 3 and 7. He was concomitantly vaccinated with intramuscular tetanus toxoid 1.0 mL on day 0. There was a strong family history of autoimmune diseases, including scleroderma, RA and hypothyroidism. On musculoskeletal examination there were 16 tender and 14 swollen joints, that included a wrist, six metacarpophalangeal, eight proximal interphalangeal, mid-tarsal and metatarsophalangeal joints bilaterally. The calculated Disease Activity (DAS)-28 value was 5.51. Investigation results were as follows: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 24 mm at 1 h; high sensitivity-C-reactive proteins 16.7 mg/L; platelets 219 · 10/lL; rheumatoid factor (RF) 26.3 IU/mL (low titre positive); anticyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) 121.92 U/mL and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) B27 positive. Radiograph of both hands and feet were normal. He was prescribed methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine and low-dose methylprednisolone 16 mg once a week and 4 mg daily which was tapered off over the period of the next 2 months. At 2 months follow-up he showed marked improvement with no swollen or tender joints and a DAS-28 value of 2.22 (remission). On second follow-up after 10 months he continued in remission (DAS-28 1.53). This case could be classified as RA according to 1987 criteria as well as 2010 revised criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. The onset of the symptoms was within 1 week of two vaccinations, namely rabies and tetanus toxoid. The temporal relationship of the administration of vaccines and the onset of RA suggested the possibility of a causal association. Tetanus and hepatitis B vaccines have been often implicated in triggering the development of RA. The relationship between immunisation and development of arthritis has three possible explanations. First, this could be simply a chance occurrence with no causal relationship. Second, the vaccination could precipitate a specific form of 'reactive' arthritis that is distinct from RA and that is usually self-limiting. The third possible mechanism could be through immunological perturbations caused by the vaccination that may actually trigger the development of RA. The patient reported here could have the third possible mechanism for his disease. It is known that killed vaccines can induce the formation of auto-antibodies like RF and autoimmunity in humans. Of course, appearance of RF by itself does not always lead to the development of RA in the post-immunisation period. However, a person with a strong family history of RA may have increased chances of developing RA in the post-immunisation period. The implicated mechanism for vaccines as a trigger for autoimmunity could be an antigen of either a recombinant vaccine or a live attenuated viral vaccine which may resemble the host antigen and trigger auto-immunity through molecular mimicry. There is also an association between the presence of HLA B27 and/or HLA DR1 or DR4 and the development of RA. However, HLA B27 expression is not a pre-requisite for arthritis linked to vaccines, although its presence may predict more prolonged and severe episodes. There are also coincidental suggestions that administration of multiple International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 2011; 14: e8–e9


Cardiac fibrosis is a fundamental constituent of a variety of cardiac dysfunction, making it a leading cause of death worldwide. However, no effective treatment for cardiac fibrosis is available. Therefore, novel therapeutics for cardiac fibrosis are highly needed. Recently, miR‐19b has been found to be able to protect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced apoptosis and improve cell survival in H9C2 cardiomyocytes, while down‐regulation of miR‐19b had opposite effects, indicating that increasing miR‐19b may be a new therapeutic strategy for attenuating cellular apoptosis during myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury. However, considering the fact that microRNAs might exert a cell‐specific role, it is highly interesting to determine the role of miR‐19b in cardiac fibroblasts. Here, we found that miR‐19b was able to promote cardiac fibroblast proliferation and migration. However, miR‐19b mimics and inhibitors did not modulate the expression level of collagen I. Pten was identified as a target gene of miR‐19b, which was responsible for the effect of miR‐19b in controlling cardiac fibroblast proliferation and migration. Our data suggest that the role of miR‐19b is cell specific, and systemic miR‐19b targeting in cardiac remodelling might be problematic. Therefore, it is highly needed and also urgent to investigate the role of miR‐19b in cardiac remodelling in vivo.


Abstract The segmentai dynamics in a series of alternating, phase-separated poly(imidedimethylsiloxane) (PI/PDMS) block copolymers has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) over the temperature range of 100–630 K, covering the regions of the glass transition and β-relaxation for soft and rigid blocks. The PI blocks had degrees of polymerization that ranged from 6 to 30, and the PDMS moiety content varied from 10 to 47 mass%. Complex behavior of the low-temperature, PDMS block glass transition characteristics was shown, and the conditions for maintaining the PI domains with high T g, providing thermal stability for these block copolymers, were ascertained. The peculiarities of segmentai dynamics and its heterogeneity observed within the glass transition could be interpreted by using as a basis the concept of the common segmentai nature of the α- and β-transitions in flexible-chain polymers.


Plasmid‐based gene therapy approaches often lack long‐term transgene expression in vivo as a result of silencing or loss of the vector. One way to overcome these limitations is to combine nonsilenced promoters with strong enhancers.


The invention relates to a gear (1) for an electric drive, in particular for an electric bicycle or an automobile. The assembly effort and the necessary axial space is reduced in that the gear (1) comprises an outer part (2) having an outer toothing and an inner part (3) for mounting the gear (1) on a shaft (4), wherein between the outer part (2) and the inner part (3) a one-way function is provided and realized.


The changes in fatty acid composition of serum and in platelet aggregation induced by supplementation of arachidonate-enriched TAG were investigated in twenty-four healthy Japanese men in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The arachidonate-enriched TAG ingested was an edible oil, extracted and purified from a biomass of submerged fermented Mortierella alpina. Mean daily intake of fish and shellfish by subjects was 87·2 (se5·3) g/d, while dietary intakes of arachidonic acid (ARA) by the ARA group and placebo group were 175 (se12) and 179 (se13) mg/d, respectively. In the ARA group, after 2-week supplementation of 838 mg ARA/d, ARA concentration in serum phospholipids was increased from 9·6 (se0·4) to 13·7 (se0·4) g/100 g total fatty acids, and was significantly different from that in the placebo group (P < 0·001). This level was maintained for 4 weeks but returned to baseline level after a 4-week washout period. Linoleic acid concentration in serum phospholipids decreased from 19·2 (se0·8) to 16·3 (se0·6) g/100 g total fatty acids in the ARA group. Similarly, ARA content of serum TAG increased after ARA supplementation. Neither the EPA nor DHA content of serum phospholipids or TAG was altered by ARA supplementation. The platelet aggregation induced in platelet-rich plasma by adding adenosine diphosphate, collagen and ARA, physical characteristics of subjects, and biochemical parameters were unchanged throughout the test period. These findings suggest that ARA concentration in serum phospholipids and TAG can be safely increased by supplementation of arachidonate-enriched TAG oil.


This paper presents preliminary results from a much larger project--the 1980 census monograph on children. This monograph will analyze in great detail the changing social economic and demographic circumstances of children for the period from 1940 to 1980 using data from each of the 5 censuses of this era. The current paper focuses on children who were 0-17 in 1940 1960 and 1980 that is children of the Great Depression of the postwar baby boom era and of the current baby bust era. The questions addressed are: 1) What changes occurred between 1940 and 1980 in the parental living arrangements of White children and Black children? 2) How has the presence of grandparents in the homes of children changed? 3) How has the average number of siblings per parent in the home changed? 4) What difference do grandparents and other extended family members make? To summarize grandparents usually reduce the racial gap in the sibling/parent ratio; the overall effect of extended family members is to reduce the racial gap by as little as 1/10 and as much as 3/10. That is 7/10 to 9/10 of the racial gap in the sibling/parent ratio remains after taking extended family members into account. The result in 1940 was a gap between Whites and Blacks of 17% in their chances of living in families with small or large child/adult ratios and the gap had increased by 1960 to 19%-25%. In view of the increase in the size of the gap between White children and Black children in the proportion living in mother-only families it is especially noteworthy that the racial gap in the child/adult ratio did not change greatly between 1960 and 1980 remaining at 18%-20% in 1980.


We consider using spontaneous light scattering by terahertz-frequency phonon polaritons as a source of quantum-correlated pairs of optical and terahertz photons. Frequency-angular distributions of the optical Stokes and anti-Stokes signal photons are measured in the wide range of the nonlinear crystal temperatures, 4 K - 300 K, and analyzed using the nonlinear Kirchhoff law. It is shown that cryogenic cooling enables to suppress contributions from thermal field fluctuations and to detect pure contributions from the quantum zero vacuum field fluctuations.


: Awareness of the various environmental problems among the people is very much important today. Environmental problems like global warming, air pollution, water pollution, soil erosion, ozone depletion, acid rain, waste disposal, loss of biodiversity, climate change etc. has become a global issue which can be solved if only each one of us take the responsibility to act sustainably. This study aimed to examine the awareness about environmental problems among rural and urban secondary school students of Bhaderwah and to compare the level of awareness about environmental problems with regard to locality, type of institution and gender among secondary school students of Bhaderwah. Data was collected form 8 secondary school students of Bhaderwah (4 government and 4 private) 100 male and 100 female out of which 100 students were from rural area and 100 students were from urban area. The data was analysed by employing statistical techniques like Mean, Standard deviation, Standard error of mean difference, Critical ratio. It was analysed that significant difference has been found in the awareness about environmental problems among rural and urban secondary school students. No significant difference in the awareness about environmental problems among male and female secondary school students was reported.


In order to obtain the best protectants for Vibrioqinghaiensis sp.-Q67 of direct vat set,the freeze-dried protectants was firstly screened by single factor and then optimized by response surface analysis.The study indicated that in many substances the skim milk,saccharose,soluble starch and sodium glutamate have outstanding protective effect.In response to the relative light unit(RLU) of the lyophilized Vibrioqinghaiensis sp.-Q67 after the regeneration for 30min,when taken skim milk 7.68%,sucrose 2%,soluble starch 0.25%,sodium glutamate 1% as the combined optimal formula,the relative light unit(RLU) could reach 1382.87%;when the volume of protectants was equal to the strain and the response time was 30min,the relative light unit(RLU) could achieve 1356%.


Myeloblastic leukemia is very often diagnosed as lymphatic leu kemia, especially by those who do not utilize either oxidase or per oxidase reaction. Even for those who make use of an oxidase or a peroxidase method the diagnosis is difficult in some cases of myeloblas tic leukemia, especially in aleukemic myelosis. I report here of a very easy method (easy especially for beginners in hematology) of diagnos ing a case of myeloblastic leukemia. The present paper treats of the method.


ABSTRACT:The present article—in four parts, of which this is the second—is a history of the Dictionary Society of North America (DSNA) in its infancy and youth, thus also a chapter in the history of the language sciences more generally, as well as a contribution to the sociology of organizations. This installment outlines the network of early leaders who formed DSNA and promoted its development, partly on the basis of organizational and social intelligence, partly from mundane labor, and partly from the interactions of their agendas and personalities. Beyond the network, this installment describes various complementary styles of leadership, some focused on members, some on structures and systems, some supportive and some critical, but all instrumental in DSNA's progress during the society's early period and tested in the challenges the fledgling society's leaders faced. The third part of this history will describe DSNA's members, and the fourth its varied activities from 1977 to 1989, the first "period" of the society's history.


Here we describe experiments aimed at developing an element-selective ion source for thorium (Th). The technique applied is resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) with a thermal atom beam. Ionization schemes for isotopically nonselective ionization of Th as well as for isotopically selective ionization of 230Th are proposed. The RIS-scheme used is two-photon two-colour ionization with excitation in the ultraviolet spectral range between 244 nm and 267 nm or in the visible spectral range between 485 nm and 529 nm. Ionization of the excited atoms is performed either by ultraviolet photons or by visible photons, depending on the energy required for this process.


Urinary bladder dysfunction secondary to BPH is a major affliction of aging men. A rabbit model of partial outlet obstruction was used to evaluate the ability of a standardized grape suspension to protect the bladder against obstructive bladder dysfunction.


A new variety of the "empty sella" consisting of polycystic intrasellar dilatation of the infundibular recess is described. The underlying embryonal developmental anomaly of the pituitary gland and diaphragma sellae and the possible effect of increased intracranial pressure are discussed and the malformation is compared with embryonal stages of ventricular development.


Education is a nation building activity and the faculty members are not merely perceived as asource of knowledge and the strength of educational system, but also as the builders of the nation.It is the responsibility of the teachers to simplify the new innovations to learn. If the faculty is innovative in devising, arranging and executing his classroom activity, the result will be fruitful and sustaining. Faculty's perception and its impact on professional improvement normally thought to be the key to triumphing training reforms. Faculties are predicted to expertise CPD to maintain abreast with the persistent modifications happening in the education system. This study revealed that there was noteworthy relationship between perception of the faculty and continuing professional development and also the impacts of various demographic factors as elements of faculty's professional attitudes were discovered.


The teacher professional development program known as Project NANO (Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Outreach) has more than 75 teachers in 8 different school districts that have given more than 7500 students in Portland area high school and middle school classrooms hands-on experience exploring the submicroscopic world with a research-grade scanning electron microscope (SEM). These students experience the same type of excitement and joy that every career microscopist has felt when they discover something new or unexpected with their microscope of choice. It's hard to imagine a more direct means to stimulate every student's sense of wonder about how and why natural and man-made materials function as they do than to allow students to use research-grade instruments to conduct their own inquiries and make their own discoveries. Project NANO students' explore several crosscutting concepts of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) in real time with technology that illustrates how structure links with function, reveals hidden sub-microscopic patterns, and demonstrates when scale, proportion and quantity can affect a system's structure or performance. Project NANO students can deepen their understanding of the natural sciences and nanoscale concepts through inquiry projects.


Strengthening of the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes even after rehabilitation period (on 20 day of experiment), was observed under the effect of sodium hypochlorite in the concentration 5 мg/l. At the same time the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system was not changed. Sodium hypochlorite in concentration 10 мg/ l resulted in the increase of lipid peroxidation processes on the 7 th time of experiment with the next lower ing of the content of ТBA-active products in relation to the effect on the 7 th day of action of sodium hypochlorite. However, the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system was increased at all variants of the experiment.


According to developing trend of house estate, that the residence construction quality design should play the three important problems is discussed. Furthermore the paper pointed out that only under situation of fast following market needs the residence development design can be developed better and can move toward market.


The high performance concrete is one kind of new high technique concretes,it has already been widely adopted in the important structure engineering,and display its special superiority in the multistoried buildings and large-span bridges.Double-penetration technique greatly improve the highway functions of common concrete pavement,including strength increase,brittleness decrease and the increase of capacities of anti-freezing and wearproof.Therefore,double-penetration technique is worth of wide application.


In this paper we present new formulas related to the parametrization of molecular orbitals by exponential transformations. We show that it is not necessary to use series expansions of the exponentials and that the first derivative of the energy with respect to independent parameters can be calculated at arbitrary positions in an efficient manner. These formulas can be implemented such that computational costs are of order N2M and storage requirements of order NM, where N is the number of occupied orbitals and M the size of the basis set. We discuss possible applications to Hartree–Fock calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics.


For the first time, high quality SnSe nanowires were synthesized via chemical vapour deposition (CVD). The synthesized SnSe nanowires are single crystalline. The length of the nanowires is in tens of microns with an average diameter of about 30–40 nm. Further, the optical and electrical properties reveal the potential of SnSe nanowires for photovoltaic and optical devices. These studies will enable significant advancements of the next generation photodetection and solar cell applications.


3D-ordered dumbbell-like ZnO microcrystals were prepared under hydrothermal conditions without using any additive, template or surfactant. FE-SEM images show that 3D-ordered dumbbell-like ZnO microcrystals are made of two elements-(Ⅰ) dumbbell-like microrods and (Ⅱ) nanorods that grow on the two ends of microrods. The thermal radiation properties of 3D-ordered dumbbell-like ZnO microcrystals were discussed in detail.


Research sources for HS5304 Medieval Europe with a focus on secondary and primary sources. Includes links to article database, encyclopedia, online primary sources, and tips for finding reprinted primary sources in books. Tips for locating secondary sources for research on medieval Europe and the Middle Ages


The photoionization of zinc tetraphenylporphyrin in rapidly frozen neutral dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles has been compared with that in mixed negatively charged vesicles formed by adding dihexadecyl phosphate and in mixed positively charged vesicles formed by adding dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride. The radical cation yield decreases in negatively charged vesicles and increases in positively charged vesicles, demonstrating a surface charge effect. The results can be explained by a simple electrostatic model that is also applicable to micellar systems.


Background— Relationships between exercise-induced activation of platelets, blood coagulation, and fibrinolysis, and the importance of thrombin for responses to exercise are not clear. Methods and Results— Effects of thrombin inhibition on hemostatic parameters were examined in a double-blind crossover study comparing the direct thrombin inhibitor argatroban (350 μg/kg intravenous bolus followed by 25 μg/kg per minute of infusion), the indirect thrombin inhibitor enoxaparin (0.75 mg/kg, intravenous bolus), or placebo (saline) in 21 healthy males. Measurements were made at rest, before and during/after thrombin inhibitor treatment, and immediately after exhaustive exercise. At rest argatroban abolished, and enoxaparin attenuated platelet activation by thrombin, but not by adenosine diphosphate. Argatroban and, even more so, enoxaparin decreased thrombin generation (prothrombin F1+2) and the coagulation potential, and increased the fibrinolytic potential. Exercise increased circulating activated platelets (...


ABSTRACT Making in schools, where students produce and share physical or virtual objects, has garnered increased global attention for its potential to foster twenty-first century learning in STEM and develop students' inventiveness, creativity, and entrepreneurial thinking. However, there has been limited attention paid to how maker-centred learning environments might plan a role in how undergraduate university students access, belong to, and persist in STEM-related pathways and majors. A regression analysis revealed that sophomores enrolled in the studied maker course were 44% more likely major than a matched comparison group (who did not take the course) to maintain or declare being a STEM. Through an identities-in-practice theoretical lens, we also analyzed qualitative interviews with 10 of the sophomores enrolled. The sophomores interviewed developed skills, expressed varying feelings of community and belonging, and evolved in their conception of Making in relation to STEM during the course. Their identities were also confronted and shaped during the course – either reinforcing or competing with their identity as a STEM person. These findings support prior calls in the literature to go beyond making as just a way to instil twenty-first century skills and consider how maker courses could more intentionally foster all students' STEM identity.


We propose a class of qubit networks that admit perfect state transfer of any two-dimensional quantum state in a fixed period of time. We further show that such networks can distribute arbitrary entangled states between two distant parties, and can, by using such systems in parallel, transmit the higher-dimensional systems states across the network. Unlike many other schemes for quantum computation and communication, these networks do not require qubit couplings to be switched on and off. When restricted to N-qubit spin networks of identical qubit couplings, we show that 2 log{sub 3}N is the maximal perfect communication distance for hypercube geometries. Moreover, if one allows fixed but different couplings between the qubits then perfect state transfer can be achieved over arbitrarily long distances in a linear chain. This paper expands and extends the work done by Christandl et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 187902 (2004)


PURPOSE
We investigated the neuroprotective effect of human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSA-NPs) and their conjugation with brimonidine (HSA-Br-NPs) on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in optic nerve crush (ONC) model.

METHODS
We fabricated HSA-Br-NPs by ethanol precipitation, including 0.18% brimonidine (Br) and 3.5% human serum albumin (HSA) in HSA-Br-NP solution. We performed ONC and intravitreal injection in Sprague-Dawley rats, which were divided into (1) Normal, (2) balanced salt solution (BSS)-injected ONC, (3) HSA-NP-injected ONC, (4) Br-injected ONC, and (5) HSA-Br-NP-injected ONC groups. Survival of RGC was compared 5 and 14 days after procedures. A cell viability assay evaluated the amyloid-β (Aβ)-associated neuroprotective mechanism of HSA-NP.

RESULTS
The HSA-Br-NPs showed a narrow size distribution (152.8 ± 51.1 nm) and a negatively charged surface (-29.7 ± 7.5 mV), releasing Br for 5 days. The percentages of RGC survival in the HSA-NP (52.6 ± 3.3%), Br (58.0 ± 4.2%), and HSA-Br-NP (63.5 ± 7.1%) groups relative to Normal (100%) were significantly higher than in the BSS group (29.2 ± 3.3%) 5 days after ONC (P < 0.001). However, the HSA-Br-NP (38.1 ± 3.6%) group showed significantly higher RGC density than the BSS (10.3 ± 5.6%, P < 0.001) or Br (18.6 ± 3.9%, P = 0.006) group at 14 days. The HSA-NP injection reduced Aβ deposition in the RGC layer of ONC model, and a cell viability test showed that HSA-NP can inhibit Aβ-induced RGC death.

CONCLUSIONS
Human serum albumin nanoparticles showed neuroprotective potential by inhibiting Aβ deposition, and exerted a sustained therapeutic effect with the combined neuroprotective agent. Our results suggest the potential of HSA-Br-NP as a promising neuroprotective agent.


The energy, which has a close bearing on the national economy and the people's livelihood, is always a world-wide attention issues. To promote the development of alternative fuel vehicle, we have to break through many technical difficulties, at the same time, as one of strategic emerging industry, China's alternative fuel vehicle industry future development has a high degree of uncertainty, will face a lot of risks. In this paper, we set up an evaluation index system of those risks and use AHP method and Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Model to assess technical risk of China's alternative fuel vehicle industry.


Crystallographic phase transitions have been observed in DyVO4, and DyAsO4, at 13.8 and 11.2 °K, respectively by low temperature X-ray diffraction on powders. These phase transformations coincide with observed anomalies in the temperature dependence of the specific heat. They occur prior to magnetic phase transitions at 3.0 and 2.44 °K, respectively, which were determined by neutron diffraction.

Mit Rontgenbeugungsmethoden an Pulvern wurden kristallographische Phasenumwandlungen in DyVO4, und DyAsO4, bei 13,8 and 11,2 °K gemessen. Diese Phasenubergange fallen zusammen mit Anomalien in der Temperaturabhangigkeit der spezifischen Warme. Die kristallographischen Phasenubergange erfolgen bei erheblich hoheren Temperaturen als die magnetischen Phasenubergange, die mit Neutronenbeugung untersucht wurden.


This project explores the application of reconfigurable hardware and GPUs to the acceleration of financial computation using tree-based pricing models. Two parallel pipelined architectures have been developed for option valuation using binomial trees and trinomial trees, with support for concurrent evaluation of independent options to achieve high pricing throughput. Two highly optimised GPU implantations based on same models are developed to contrast the hardware results. The results show that in the best case the tree-based models executing on a Virtex 4 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) at 82.7MHz with fixed-point arithmetic can run over 160 times faster than a Core2 Duo processor at 2.2GHz. The FPGA implementation is two times faster than the nVidia Geforce 7900GTX processor with 24 pipelines at 650MHz, and 35% slower than the nVidia Geforce 8600GTS processor with 32 Pipelines at 1450MHz. In a real scenario FPGA can run over 80 times faster than the reference AMD Opteron server processor at 1GHz and can run as fast as the nVidia Geforce 7900GTX processor. The FPGA implementation is about 50% slower than the nVidia Geforce 8600GTS processor in the real scenario.


The aim of this study was the characterization of polymer flows within an extrusion die using particle image velocimetry (PIV) in very constraining conditions (high temperature, pressure and velocity). Measurements were realized on semi-industrial equipments in order to have test conditions close to the industrial ones. Simple flows as well as disrupted ones were studied in order to determine the capabilities and the limits of the method. The analysis of the velocity profiles pointed out significant wall slip, which was confirmed by rheological measurements based on Mooney's method. Numeri- cal simulations were used to connect the two sets of measurements and to simulate complex velocity profiles for compari- son to the experimental ones. A good agreement was found between simulations and experiments providing wall slip is taken into account in the simulation.


In their landmark paper, Bray and Savin note that the constant-parameters model used by their agents to form expectations is misspecified and that, using standard econometric techniques, agents may be able to determine the time-varying nature of the model's parameters. Here, we consider the same type of model as employed by Bray and Savin except that our agents form expectations using a perceived model with parameters that vary with time. We assume agents use the Kalman filter to form estimates of these time-varying parameters. We find that, under certain restrictions on the structure of the stochastic process and on the value of the stability parameter, the model will converge to its rational expectations equilibrium. Further, the restrictions on the stability parameter required for convergence are identical to those found by Bray and Savin.


In this paper, through using the multiphysics coupling simulation software COSMOL Multiphysic as the tool,a two-dimensional symmetric tubular reactor mathematical model is established. This paper studies the simulation calculation of the two reversible exothermic reaction, and the temperature of the reactor and the conversion rate distribution of the reactant are also researched. It was concluded that both the reactor temperature and the conversion of the reactant reach its maximum at the wall.


On March 22,2011,by Ministry of Health,"Ministry of Health announcement on approval of Acer truncatum seed oil and peony seed oil as a new resource food"( 9,2011) approved the peony seed oil as the new resources food,peony seed oil absorbed the great attention of people. This article summarizes the achievements on peony seed oil extraction and refining,composition analysis,biological activities and its poison rational research in recent years,and makes an outlook on the study of preventing the oxidation of peony seed oil.


The effect of exposing Amaranthus hypochondriacus plants to different levels of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) duringdevelopment was analyzed in this work. Mature plants exposed to full sunlight (38.8 mol m-2 d-1) had higher instantaneous rates of net CO2 uptake (An), reducing sugars content and thicker leaves, but lower chlorophyll content and leaf number per plant than those developed under reduced levels of PPFD (19.4 and 12.8 mol m-2 d-1). A physiological response to varying levels of PPFD was the differential accumulation of trypsin inhibitors in leaves and seeds. Leaves from plants grown under full sunlight conditions, showed a significantly higher trypsin inhibitor activity than leaves from plants partially shaded with plastic nets. In contrast, seeds collected from plants fully exposed to sunlight, showed the lowest level of trypsin inhibitors and higher rates of germination than seeds produced by plants exposed to the lowest level of sunlight. The capacity of A. hypochondriacus to adjust its morphology and physiology in response to light indicates ecological plasticity that might be helpful to face both biotic and abiotic stresses during their development.


A small eccentricity in a Doubly-Fed Induction Machine can have a huge impact and results in a big Unbalanced Magnetic Pull. This paper presents an analytical method that has been developed to compute the UMP due to a static or a dynamic eccentricity. This method considers saturation in the electrical steel and the damping effect of the circulating currents flowing in the parallel paths of the stator. It has been developed under no load conditions. The last part of this paper will be a comparison between the results obtained analytically and the ones obtained by finite-element computations.


People's mediation mechanism of doctor-patient dispute which has been established in Nanjing makes some positive effect and gets approval from government,hospital and patients.The paper first discusses the medical disputes cases of mediation,analyses current situation of the people's mediation mechanism in Nanjing,and then researches on the superiority of the people's mediation mechanism,the problems of the current situation and comes up with corresponding countermeasures.