Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was applied to selected areas on young apple (Malus sylvestris L.), pear (Pyrus communis L.), sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), and peach [Prunus persica (L.) Patsch] trees to observe tree response. Injury occurred only on newly planted peach when contact was made on the basal 12.7 cm of tree trunks. Glyphosate effectively killed suckers without damaging trees. When sprays were applied to a lower branch of apple trees, local injury occurred the same season and the following year, but symptoms were not visible in other portions of the tree. Radiolabeled glyphosate was applied to the basal trunk, leaves, suckers, and fruit of 4-yr-old 'MacSpur'/MM106 apple and 5-yr-old 'Bartlett'/seedling pear. Applications on basal trunk areas produced no detectable radioactivity in leaves, buds, or fruits at harvest time. Applications on sucker leaves produced radioactivity only in the treated and adjacent sucker tissue and not in other portions of the tree. The 14 C-glyphosate moved readily from the treated leaves of lower branches to other leaves, buds, and developing fruit on the same branch but was not detectable in other areas of the tree. After 90 days, 92 to 98% of the extractable radioactivity in leaf, bud, or fruit tissue was unaltered 14 C-glyphosate.


Recently, some studies have been made on accurate mathematical representation of numerical data by polynomial curve. Some formulae have been derived, for representation of numerical data by polynomial curve, from some of the existing formulae for numerical interpolation. Moreover, some methods have been composed of for the same purpose. This paper describes an overview of the developments of these methods/formulae for representing numerical data on a pair of variables by a polynomial curve.


The standard dynamic force generating device is the core part of the multi-axis force sensor dynamic performance testing device. This paper designs a double E-shaped electromagnetic device by investigating the electromagnetic force in order to generates an exciting force whose frequency and amplitude are continuous adjustable for the bench. Using the finite element analysis method to analysis the electromagnetic exciting device for electromagnetic field, it is concluded that the exciting force can be strengthen by reducing the air gap or increasing the voltage amplitude. Moreover, the mathematical analytic expression between air gap and the exciting force, between voltage and exciting force are defined through data processing.


For advanced simulation of electric vehicle total energy consumption various parameters need to be considered. Mapping secondary data by time and location can help to reduce measurement efforts and enrich existing data. The methodology presented for ambient temperature mapping yields a mean difference of only 1.5 °C when compared to sensor acquired onboard data. Using TUB-FVB's total vehicle energy simulation for a small commercial vehicle this leads to a mean deviation in consumption of only 0.17 kWh/h or 2.6% respectively.


Abstract Objectives: To research the effect of listening to music during shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) on the patient's pain control, anxiety levels, and satisfaction. Patients and methods: The study comprised 400 patients from three hospitals. Half of patients listened to music during their first SWL session but not during their second session. The other half had no music for the first session but the second session was accompanied by music. During all sessions, with and without music, pulse rates, blood pressure, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Anxiety scores (STAI-SA), Visual Analog Scale (VAS scores for pain), willingness to repeat procedure (0 = never to 4 happily), and patient satisfaction rates (0 = poor to 4 = excellent) were assessed. Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of blood pressure and pulse rates. In both groups, the STAI-SA and VAS pain scores were lower in the session when music was listened to (p < 0.001). The patients requested more SWL treatment be completed while listening to music and their satisfaction was greater. Conclusion: Music lowered the anxiety and pain scores of patients during SWL and provided greater satisfaction with treatment. Completing this procedure while the patient listens to music increases patient compliance greatly and reduces analgesic requirements.


Allusions to public opinion and its influence in a democratic society are common. Media assumptions of what the public wants in a whole host of areas permeate our daily reading. But the question that few seem to give any consideration to is why public opinion is important? The answer lies at the heart of our democratic structure: we elect officials to represent us and as such, we expect them to bear our opinions in mind as they structure policies that guide the way we live. Of course there will be areas that the public take less interest in and areas that interest the public more. The purpose of this chapter is to outline the influence that public opinion seems to have on some of the key areas in the justice system. It also examines the effects of ignoring public opinion, whether public opinion has a justified place in the formation of political policies and does public opinion adequately summarise people's thoughts on criminal justice issues.


To obtain micro-pits array which can reduce friction and wear of friction pairs, an electrochemical machining method with a mask onto the cathode is proposed to produce the micro-pit array patterns. Finite element simulation of the method is carried out to analyze the effect of the photoresist thickness on the pit size and shape. The experiments of micro-ECM are done to analyze the effect of frequency and duty cycle on the diameter of micro-pits, in which the cathode plate with the hole diameter of 100 μm is produced by using lithography method. The experimenter's result reveals that the micro-pits with the diameter of 200 μm and the depth of 10 μm can be obtained in electrochemical machining method with a mask onto the cathode.


Within the coming years, the developments of infrastructural and in-vehicle ITS systems will come together and result in the development of cooperative vehicle-infrastructure ITS systems. The development of these integrated cooperative systems will require new modelling tools that allow a detailed modelling of both the roadside and the in-vehicle systems and especially the cooperation between them. In this paper, such a modelling tool is presented: the ITS modeller. Within the ITS modeller, intelligent roadside and vehicle systems can be easily implemented and tested. It is equipped with ready-to-use evaluation modules for throughput, safety, noise and emissions.


The invention provides a temperature control system and method of a gas car-bottom heat treating furnace. The temperature control system comprises a plurality of temperature control areas which are distributed along the length direction of a furnace body; burner nozzles are respectively mounted in two sides of each temperature control area; a thermocouple which is connected with a temperature controller is mounted on the top part of each temperature control area; the temperature controller of each temperature control area is connected with each burner nozzle in each temperature control area through a pulse controller. The temperature control system further comprises a PLC which is connected with each temperature controller through a communication convertor, wherein the PLC is also connected with an upper computer. According to the scheme, the temperature control system and method have the advantages that the temperature can be continuously and gradually varied, thus the temperature variation and adjustment which cause large temperature difference in the furnace can be avoided, and the temperature in the heat treating furnace can be controlled to be uniform conveniently.


Agent-based routing in wireless ad hoc networks defines a set of rules that all the participating nodes follow. Routing becomes a collaboration between nodes, reducing computational and resource costs. Swarm Intelligence uses agent-like entities from insect societies as a metaphor to solve the routing problem. Certain insects exchange information about their activities and the environment in which they operate in order to complete their tasks in an adaptive, efficient and scalable manner. This paper examines Swarm Intelligence based routing protocols, along with a newly proposed bee-inspired routing protocol for providing multi-path routing in wireless ad hoc networks of mobile nodes. Simulation results indicate that applying Swarm Intelligence offers a significant level of adaptability and efficiency that, under several network conditions, allow the protocol to outperform traditional approaches. � 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


Background: Multiplesclerosis(MS)isthemostdisablingneurologicaldiseaseandhasbeenstudiedfordecades,buttherearestill many unproven treatments. Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum ) is a well-known herb and has many therapeutic applications. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cinnamon on inflammatory factors, pain, and anthropometric indices in patients with progressive-relapsing MS. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 60 patients suffering from progressive-relapsing MS were randomly recruited from Shiraz MS Center. Four capsules of cinnamon were taken every day for eight weeks by each participant in the intervention group (500mgineachcapsule)andfourcapsulesof wheatflourbythecontrolgroup(500mgineachcapsule). A3-day24-hfoodrecalland physical activity questionnaire was filled out by interviewing before and after the intervention. Pain level was evaluated by using a VisualAnalogscale(VAS).Interleukin-6(IL-6)andhigh-sensitivityC-reactiveprotein(hs-CRP)weremeasuredinbloodsamplesbefore and after the intervention. Participants underwent anthropometric measurements, including body weight, height, and waist and hip circumference. Results: Thirty-six(87.80%)participantswerefemale,andtwenty-sixpatientsweremarried(63.41%). IL-6andhs-CRPlevelsdecreased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). According to the VAS results, the pain level also decreased significantly (P = 0.003) in the intervention group in comparison to the control group. Conclusions: Multiple sclerosis is a debilitating inflammatory disease, and cinnamon may help improve inflammatory markers and pain in MS patients.


Surfactants based on sugars are very important for extraction of proteins. We describe here a new series of surfactants, the N-acetyl-N-alkyllactosylamines, easily prepared in a two-stage route starting from unprotected lactose. These new compounds have comparable surfactant activity to existing sugar-based homologs currently employed in the extraction of proteins from biological samples. Moreover, a complete structural analysis of these new nonionic amphiphiles by 1 H and 13 C NMR showed a β anomeric conformation suitable for chiral induction in micelles.


A recently reported mathematical treatment is analyzed, which improves the detection of structures located over a strong continuum. This method does not have the drawbacks of the commonly used differentiation and may be used as an adjustable filter, selecting structures according to their natural width. Detection of autoionizing states in argon and measurement of the energy shift between the ionization thresholds of H/sub 2/ and D/sub 2/ are presented, as examples of application. (auth)


An analysis of data from the In-Depth Fertility Survey of China was conducted to examine social factors of induced abortion. In Shandong Province the abortion rate was closely linked to the pregnancy rate and contraceptive method used but not to a desire for more children. On the other hand desire for more children and pregnancy rate were more important than family size. The 1985 abortion rate in Shanghai was 1.221. It was 0.276 and 0.375 in Shaanxi and Hebei respectively. Overall urban women in Shandong Province and Shanghai had higher knowledge levels about the various contraceptive methods than did those in rural areas especially about withdrawal and rhythm method (in Shandong 11% vs. 4% and 19% vs. 9% respectively; in Shanghai 46% vs. 9% and 76% vs. 18% respectively). Similarly urban women in both areas were more likely to use contraceptives than were rural women. Further women in Shanghai had higher knowledge and contraceptive use levels than did those in Shandong Province. The 1987 total fertility rate in Shanghai stood at 1.48 compared to 2.68 in Shandong Province. 97.33% of families in Shanghai were 1-child families compared to just 53.66% in Shandong Province. The analysis revealed that the most important social factor affecting abortion was Chinas family planning policy and its family planning programs. Further increasing contraceptive effectiveness through sex education more effective contraceptive methods and improved quality of sterilizations would reduce the number of abortions.


A structure composed of five-step asymmetric coupled quantum wells (FACQWs) is first proposed for large field-induced refractive index change without red shift of absorption edge. A strong exciton absorption peak is caused by e1hh2 and e2hh1 transitions with a small applied electric field. The field-induced refractive index change of FACQWs is larger by one order compared to that of rectangular quantum well when the operation wavelength is apart from absorption edge.


A new method for foetal ECG separation based on temporally constrained independent component analysis (ICA) is proposed. The maternal beat positions were regarded as a priori information and by applying constrained ICA, a maternal dominant signal could be extracted. Finally, a foetal ECG signal was obtained by the subtraction of this from a specific channel signal.


The crystal of -Barium Borate is widely used for nonlinear light wavelength conversion like harmonics generation and parametric amplification when pumped by the pulsed lasers and as electro-optically switched Pockels cells. Modern lasers produce hundreds of watts of average power, thus thermal effects become important. In this work, absorption of the crystal is obtained by reviewing published data, results of measurements performed by the author and data provided by the optics industry.


Serous carcinoma of the uterine cervix (USCC) is a very rare malignant tumor, while this histological subtype is common in the ovary, fallopian tube, uterine corpus and peritoneum. Because of its rarity, details of the clinicopathological features of USCC are largely unknown. We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics of five cases of pure USCC.


An article of manufacture comprising a vial having (a) a first chamber (14) is substantially filled with a dispensable formulation in aqueous suspension parenterally, comprising (i) an aqueous medium; (Ii) a drug in solid particulate form in a therapeutically effective amount suspended in the medium; and (iii) one or more wetting and / or suspending agents in an amount effective to provide controlled flocculation of the drug, at least one ingredient of the formulation susceptible to oxidative degradation amount; (B) a second chamber (13) that is substantially empty but for a gaseous medium; (C) a septum (17) separating the first and second chambers and impermeable to the gaseous medium; and (d) means (41, 43, 22) effective for contacting the aqueous suspension and the gaseous medium by breach of the septum such that the gaseous medium acts as an effective space for agitation of the formulation.


A lossless turn-on snubber was studied analytically, by simulation and experimentally. Limits were found for the proper operation of the snubber and are expressed as permissible duty cycle as a function of input current. It was found that a modified version of the snubber, which includes a tapped main inductor, improves the performance by allowing a wider operational range. The experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis. A reduction of power losses of about 19 W was observed when the snubber was implemented in a 1 kW boost power converter.


The variety and applications of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices have increased dramatically, improving existing uses or enabling entirely new ones. This article surveys some of the current and projected applications of MEMS.


Purinemetabolism hasbeenexamined inaclonil lineofmouseneuroblastoma cells resistant to thecytotoxic effects of6-thioguanine. Comparative studies intheresistant andparental lines indicate thattheformer cells havelessthan1% ofnormalhypoxanthine phospho- ribosyltransferase (EC126.96.36.199) activity. The activities of otherenzymesimportant inthedenovoandsalvage path- waysofpurine biosynthesis werenotsignificantly different inthetwolines. Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency inthisneuroblastoma linewasassociated with increased intracellular concentrations of5-phosphoribosyl- I-pyrophosphate, anincreased rateofpurinebiosynthesis denovo,andfailure toincorporate hypoxanthine, butnot adenine, intonucleotides. Thereareessentially thesame alterations inpurinemetabolism thatoccurinhypoxan- thinephosphoribosyltransferase-deficient fibroblasts or lymphoblasts derived fromindividuals withtheLesch- Nyhansyndrome.Clonal linesofhypoxanthine phospho- ribosyltransferase-deficient neuroblastoma cells maythere- forebeofuseinelucidating themechanismsbywhich theenzymedefect leadstotheneurologic dysfunction seeninchildren withthisdisease. TheLesch-Nyhan syndrome (1)isa rare,X-linked disease whoseprimary biochemical defect isa severedeficiency of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) (EC 188.8.131.52) activity (2). Thisenzyme deficiency results ina characteristic increase inrateofpurine nucleotide synthesis infibroblasts (3)andlymphoblasts (4)derived fromthese patients. Inaddition toabnormal metabolism ofpurines, patients withtheLesch-Nyhan syndrome exhibit invarying degrees severeneurological abnormalities characterized by mental retardation, spasticity, choreoathetosis, andcompul- siveself-mutilation. Thepathophysiology interrelating the biochemical andneurological abnormalities hasnotbeen elucidated. Animal models ofthis disease arenotyetavailable. How- ever,cells ofthenervoussystem cultured invitro andex- pressing themutantphenotype offer an opportunity forthe study andpotential delineation oftheneurological abnormali- ties. Relevant material fromthehumannervoussystem is difficult toobtain andalsorepresents a complex mixture of


Correlated imaging of phosphorescence and fluorescence lifetime parameters of metabolic markers is a challenge for direct investigating mechanisms related to cell metabolism and oxygen tension. A large variety of clinical phenotypes is associated with mitochondrial defects accomplished with changes in cell metabolism. In many cases the hypoxic microenvironment of cancer cells shifts metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to anaerobic or aerobic glycolysis, a process known as "Warburg" effect. Also during stem cell differentiation a switch in cell metabolism is observed. Mitochondrial dysfunction associated with hypoxia has been invoked in many complex disorders such as type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer´s disease, cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, tissue inflammation and cancer. Cellular responses to oxygen tension have been studied extensively, optical imaging techniques based on time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) to detect oxygen concentration and distribution are therefore of prominent interest. Moreover, they offer the possibility by inspecting fluorescence decay characteristics of intrinsic coenzymes to directly image metabolic pathways, whereas oxygen tension can be determined by considering the phosphorescence lifetime of a phosphorescent probe. The combination of both fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) of coenzymes like NAD(P)H and FAD and phosphorescence lifetime (PLIM) of phosphorescent dyes could provide valuable information about correlation of metabolic pathways and oxygen tension.


Accurately assessing the noise level in ultra-high voltage substation requires appropriate acoustic model transformers. Therefore, taking transformer as a planar source, which can be further taken as an array of point sources, we built an acoustic model comprised of point sources of the transformer. The model is based on equivalent source approach, and it realizes relatively easy measurement and calculation by using sound power level to represent the intensity of the equivalent sources. Since this model requires a limited number of sound level measurements around transformers, it successfully avoids the complex calculation of applying near-field acoustic holography. Simulations using the proposed model obtain a rebuilt sound field the same as the actual sound field. Moreover,we calculated the noise level of a 1 000 kV substation and compared the results to measured values. The results show that, by combining the proposed model with the outdoor point sound sources attenuation theory, it is able to determine the noise level at anywhere inside substations with errors less than 1.5 dB.


We show that Dirac fermion systems in two dimensions generally exhibit disorder-induced nodal arc replacing the nodal point and tilted Dirac cone, provided that the two components of the Dirac fermion correspond to two distinct orbitals unrelated by symmetry. This result is explicitly demonstrated using renormalization group analysis in a disordered Dirac model that we introduce, where the disorder potential acts differently on the two orbitals. As we show by numerical simulations and self-consistent Born approximation calculation, this drives the system into a new strongly disordered phase.


THE Oxford Dictionary defines a museum as "a place in which objects illustrating art or science are kept for show". Since Medicine is a pleasing or troublesome mixture of both art and science this definition is highly applicable. The object of the museum is to provide a running visual revision of high teaching quality which has the advantage of always being open and therefore offers itself particularly for a General Practitioner Centre. It is of particular benefit to the man who never goes to lectures and to the casual visitor who comes in for a cup of coffee or a library book. It is also of value for giving knowledge about small items, which, although important, may not be worth a full lecture in their own right. It is a useful method of presenting minor cautions or warnings such as not giving drugs to dubious cases which will conceal the condition. These can be made the subject of a small clinical illustrative chart. A museum also acts as a sort of super noticeboard for items of general practitioner interest and for keeping up good communication with irregular visitors. It also provides added visual teaching to all the other methods employed and it is known that some people learn faster from things seen than from that which is heard or read. The existence of a museum also provides a cross-interest ,between specialties since the exhibits of all departments are seen by the housemen and consultants of other departments. At St. Peter's IHospital we use eight bays each 7' 6" x 8' 0". (Fig. 1). These have deliberately been made of this size so that they will accommodate beds for clinical meetings if necessary, and this is highly necessary for the F.R.C.S. classes. The bays are made of Dexion square, which is a black square metal tubing that gives a highly professional finish and these enclose screens of Sundeala iboard, which should not be of the super quality as this is too hard to put pins into. A pale grey colour is preferred. Each bay should 'be well lit and have small


This study investigated reproductive health workers' (RHWs) use of ICTs, the effects of ICTs on their job functions, and the challenges limiting full exploitation of ICTs. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Stratified sampling technique was used to select a sample of 360 RHWs of the University College Hospital, Nigeria. A questionnaire obtained the data, and frequencies and percentage distributions were the analytical techniques adopted. Findings revealed that RHWs indicated extensive use of ICTs in their job functions. Faster access to relevant medical information, easy exchange of information with colleagues, and increased efficiency were the major impacts of ICT usage on their activities. The information accessed through ICTs was primarily educational, health, and research. Findings equally revealed that the major challenges in ICT use were erratic power supply and inadequate access to ICT facilities. Based on the findings, recommendations were made towards enhancing better utilization of ICTs by RHWs.


Dynamical, threshold current, power versus current and modulation characteristics of semiconductor lasers with photonic band gap structures and microcavities are investigated. Investigations show the possibility of both the output power and modulation bandwidth management by using such structures.


Objective To investigate the relationship between the lung injury and expression of ICAM-1 and TNF-α mRNA in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and determine protective and therapeutic effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the lung injury. Methods A total of 26 Wistar rats were randomized into the normal group, normal saline group, ANP group and treated group. The model of ANP was established by retrograde pancreatic injection of sodium taurocholate in the ANP group and the treated group. The rats in the treated group received one intravenous injection of NAC (300 mg/kg) 1 h after taurocholate injection. All the animals were sacrificed in 12 h after induction of pancreatitis. Intrapulmonary ICAM-1 and TNF-α expression was assayed by reverse transcription-PCR. The plasma level of lipase, pancreatic wet/dry weight ratio, histological grading of lung injury and intrapulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) level were also determined. Results After induction of ANP, there were alveolar septal thickening and leukocyte infiltration in the lung tissue. Meanwhile, the ICAM-1 and TNF-α mRNA were over-expressed along with the increase in plasma level of lipase and intrapulmonary level of MPO. When NAC was given 1 h after induction of ANP, the intrapulmonary overexpression of the ICAM-1 and TNF-α mRNA was significantly inhibited and the plasma level of lipase and pancreatic wet/dry weight ratio markedly decreased. The score of lung injury after ANP induction was positively correlated to the expression of ICAM-1 and TNF-α mRNA and intrapulmonary level of MPO (r=0.92, 0.68 and 0.92;P0.01). The intrapulmonary level of MPO was also positively correlated with the expression of the ICAM-1 and TNF-α mRNA (r=0.87 and 0.77;P0.05). Conclusions The expression of ICAM-1 and TNF-α mRNA and intrapulmonary level of MPO are related to the lung injury after ANP. NAC can reduce lung injury by inhibiting overexperssion of ICAM-1 and TNF-α mRNA and decreasing pulmonary leukocyte infiltration. Meanwhile, it can reduce severity of ANP.


Missing an opportunity N eimanis and colleagues are to be congratulated on their survey on preconception use of folic acid.' I am disturbed by their findings. That only one third of a sample of well-educated, English-speaking women took vitamins before conception should be a cause of concern for anyone with an interest in maternal and child health. The remedy for this particular problem is obviously going to include public policy intiatives... or is it? I note with great concern that family physicians tend to educate their patients about folic acid only after conception and that only half of study participants planning pregnancy discussed their intentions with their doctors. These facts suggest to me that we fail to offer conception counseling when we are contacted for contraception counseling, and we are missing a golden opportunity for some women at least to begin pregnancy with adequate levels of folic acid by including folic acid supplements in oral contraceptive packages. I have raised this point before2 and am at a loss to understand why, given the evidence that this would be a safe and good thing to do, we do not convert all oral contraceptives to a 28-day format and change the seven inert tablets to pharmacologically active by replacing them with ones containing 0.5 mg of folic acid. If women prefer 7 completely pill-free days, then the folic acid could be put in the 21 active tablets. How it is done is immaterial; that it should be done seems clear enough to me! -James McSherry, MB CHB London, Ont References 1. Neimanis IM, Paterson JM, Bain E. Preventing neural tube defects. Survey of preconceptional use of folic acid. Can Fam Physician 1999;45:1717-22. 2. McSherry JA Folic acid and the pill. Can MedAssoc J 1998;159(3):218.


San Diego - Scanning CO 2 lasers are a useful treatment for ingrown nail deformity, offering short operation time, rapid recovery for the patient, a high cure rate, and minimal postoperative pain, according to Hideyuki Tada, M.D., Ph.D., a plastic surgeon and lecturer in the Division of Plastic Surgery at Nara Medical University.


K edrostis foetidissima is well known for antioxidant and related activity like anti- inflammation due to presence of several secondary metabolites in vast quantity. The recent researches contribute to usefulness of the plant in treating variety of ailments and disorders. In the present study, in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Kedrostis foetidissima leaf extracts were assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging and inhibition of protein denaturation respectively. The results of qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, phenols, steroids, saponins and glycosides. The methanol leaf extract exhibited maximum antioxidant quenching with75.46 % at the concentration of 150µg/ml and IC 50 value was found to be 90.78µg/ml. Further, the methanol leaf extract was found to be a potent anti-inflammatory agent and shows maximum inhibition of 80.25 % protein denaturation at the concentration of 800µg/ml.


The transformation time among queries in the database management system (DBMS) is responsible for the execution time of users' queries, because a conventional DBMS does not consider the transformation cost when queries are transformed for execution. To reduce the transformation time (cost reduction) during execution, we propose an optimal query transformation method by exploring queries from a cost-based point of view. This cost-based point of view means considering the cost whenever queries are transformed for execution. Toward that end, we explore and compare set off heuristic, linear, and exhaustive costbased transformations. Further, we describe practical methods of cost-based transformation integration and some query transformation problems. Our results show that, some cost-based transformations significantly improve query execution time. For instance, linear and heuristic transformed queries work 43% and 74% better than exhaustive queries.


One principal intention of computer graphics is the achievement of photorealism. Although modeling, animation and simulation tools for rendering of complex objects – e.g. human bodies, faces, or clothes – have been developed in the last decades, achieving photorealism by simulating material properties and illumination is still computationally demanding and extremely difficult. This dissertation proposes new approaches for image-based rendering and modification of objects with complex appearance properties, concentrating on the example of clothes. The proposed methods exploit the fact that images are photo-realistic by definition and can be used as appearance examples to guide complex animation or texture modification processes, thereby combining the photorealism of images with the ability to animate or modify an object. Clothing produces complex shading and texture deformations, which are important for a realistic appearance of the rendered result. For clothing that roughly follows the shape of a human body, it is a reasonable assumption that wrinkling depends on the articulated pose of a human body. Under this assumption, a new image-based rendering approach is proposed, which synthesizes new images of such types of clothing from a database of pre-recorded images based on pose information. Image warps, i.e. transformation rules between the images, implicitly extract pose-dependent appearance and shading from the images. For rendering, the images and warps are parameterized and interpolated in posespace, i.e. the space of body poses, using scattered data interpolation. To allow for appearance changes in image-based methods, a further approach is proposed, which enables image-based retexturing, i.e. exchanging the texture or pattern of cloth in an image while maintaining texture deformation and shading properties, without a-priori knowledge of the underlying scene properties. For this purpose, texture deformation and shading are extracted from the input image by estimating an image warp between the input image and an appropriate reference image. In contrast to classical image-based rendering methods, where animation is restricted to viewpoint change and a modification of the object appearance by itself is not possible, the proposed methods allow for complex pose animations and appearance changes. Both presented approaches build on warps between images, not only in the spatial but also in the photometric domain. For this purpose, a new framework for joint spatial and photometric warp optimization is introduced at the beginning of this thesis. This framework estimates mesh-based warp models under a relaxed brightness constancy assumption, which adapts the commonly used brightness constancy assumption to better reflect true conditions of changing and complex lighting conditions between images. Altogether, the presented approaches shift computational complexity from the rendering to an a-priori training phase. The use of real images and warp-based extraction of deformation and shading allows a photo-realistic visualization and modification of clothes, including fine and characteristic details without computationally demanding simulation of the underlying scene and object properties. This is shown in various rendering, pose synthesis and retexturing results and experiments, which are thoroughly discussed and analyzed.


The ion bombardment affecs the stability and lifetime of the field emission device. In the field emission triode, the residual gas collides with electrons and ionize, then many ions produce. Due to the electrical field the ions bombard on the cathode and may damage it. To reduce the ion bombardment, the second gate electrode is added. This paper simulates the whole process and analyzes the damage to the plane cathode quantitatively. Comparing the two structures, the effect of the ion bombardment is lightened distinctly with the structure of ion trap.


The pathogenic and therapeutic characteristics of hyperuricemia and hyperuricemia-induced renal damage were discussed based on the theory of collateral in traditional Chinese medicine.It is indicated that the changes of vascular structure and function in hyperuricemia and hypemricemia-induced renal damage are related with the pathogenesis of endo-toxicity attack and collaterals obstruction.Therefore, syndrome differentiation and treatment based on the collateral theory should be the therapeutic priuciples of hyperuricemia and hypemricemia-induced renal damage.


The symmetry group of the Hamiltonian plays a fundamental role in quantum theory in the classification of stationary states and in studying transition probabilities and selection rules. It is here shown that the properties of the group may be given a condensed and transparent description in terms of the convolution algebra, and that Schur's lemma immediately leads to the construction of the fundamental set of projection and shift operators. The projection operators form a resolution of the identity which may be used to split the Hilbert space into orthogonal and noninteracting subspaces of infinite order. The question of the splitting of the conventional secular equations is discussed, and the explicit form of the decomposed equation is derived in terms of the convolution algebra and the characters. The theory is here discussed only for finite groups, but the results may be generalized to the compact infinite groups having a well-defined "invariant mean."


IEEE 802.11 is a matured standard for wireless local area networks (WLANs). The cellular network providers had made every possible effort to offload their traffic over WLANs whenever it was possible, owing to the benefits that this technology provides. IEEE 802.11 is gaining greater prominence with the arrival of 802.11ax standard, which is backed by the Wi‐Fi alliance by branding as Wi‐Fi 6. The issue of congestion has been studied well for various networks. Particularly, in wireless networks, it needs to be tackled in a peculiar manner owing to the uncertain nature of the wireless medium. This study explores and evaluates the improvements done at various protocol layers to handle the problem of congestion in 802.11‐based wireless networks. An attempt is made to understand the implication of different parameters and the significance of cross‐layer interaction. Further, an endeavor is made to assess the influence on congestion control mechanisms in the different architectures of 802.11 networks. Lastly, the challenges that might be confronted at different protocol layers, while dealing with the issue of congestion, are classified.


In order to strengthen the space cognization and learn the techniques of space sequence design,we introduce the Chinese ancient building complex,the Chinese ancient garden and parts of the contemporary minimalism architecture as the examples of space analysis into architecture space teaching,and point out the changed emotional space sequence is the aethetic keypoint of chinese ancient building complex and parts of minimalism architecture.Based on that,we point out path and node are the approach to acquire the changed emotional space sequence,which should be put into use in archiecture design teaching.


CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells, since they are made with easily scalable techniques such as sputtering and closed space sublimation, can be considered particularly suitable to be produced on a large scale. Besides, we developed a new process which is simplified in respect to the normally used processes, since it is dry and it does not make use of any acid. Furthermore, CdCl2, used for CdTe treatment, has been substituted with a non toxic gas, namely HCF2Cl. Back contact is done by a procedure that allows to make stable cells. An efficiency close to 16% is obtained on 1 cm 2 area with this process. In order to scale up this new process to an industrial production, a new company, named ARENDI, with the participation of the Marcegaglia industrial group, IFIS Bank of Venice, the contribution of Ministry of Environmental and the scientific support of the thin film group of the University of Parma, has been constituted. The line is starting to be constructed near Milan and will be ready within two years. The size of the module will be 60x120 cm 2 and the production capacity of the line should be around 15 MW/year.


concerning the beneficialeffects of exercise training interventions on physical function andfatigueinmenundergoingandrogen-deprivationtherapy(ADT)forprostate cancer. Although we share the author's general conclusion,severalimportantissuesdeservethereaders'attention.First, through no fault of the authors, but given the time lapsebetweenthelatestliteratureupdate(June2013)andthedateofpub-lication(December2013),tworecentrandomizedcontrolledtrials


In this study, the design and development of an agriculture robot which has row type seed sowing feature are presented. The robot consists of four subsystems; a fourwheel mobile platform, a digger mechanism, a seed dropping mechanism, and an irrigation mechanism. The electrical and mechanical designs of the robot are performed depending on the specified design criteria. System control software and user interface are developed considering stakeholder expectations. Designed subsystems are manufactured and integrated. Furthermore, robot functionality tests are performed and the desired performance of the agriculture robot is validated by the test results. The robot is remotely operated via an Android application on a mobile phone and all operation data can be monitored via this android application. Additionally, the robot can perform the row-type seed sowing operation in an autonomous mode. The developed agriculture robot has the potential to provide an efficient and inexpensive way for future seed sowing applications.


This paper gives an algorithm from which an approximation to the amplitude of a quadrature pair can be obtained simply and without requiring more bits than are needed to represent the largest allowable amplitude, A. If A cos θ and A sin θ are a quadrature pair, the amplitude is $A=(A^{2}\cos^{2}\theta + A^{2}\sin^{2}\theta)^{1\over 2}.$ If AX is the larger magnitude of the pair and AY the smaller, an approximation to A is $A^{\prime} = AX + {1\over 2}AY.$ Computations using this algorithm with random values of θ showed that when the true amplitude was A, the mean obtained was 1.087A, with standard deviation 0.031A. When A consists of a signal appreciably contaminated with noise so that several estimates are required before the signal can be detected reliably, no significant degradation («0.1 dB S/N) in detectability was found using the algorithm described above.


The article identifies and analyzes the performance of three phases of the management of macroeconomic policy during the first two years of Dilma Rousseff's administration (2011 and 2012). The first, comprising the first semester of 2011, is characterized by a restrictive monetary and fiscal policy, in the intent of producing economic downturn and controlling a inflation. The second period was largely conditioned by the eurozone crisis. The third, comprising the second semester of 2012, was characterized by the deepening of the economic downturn.


Zinc is a constituent of more than 70 metalloenzymes including major enzyme-classes (oxidoreductases transferases hydrolases lysases isomerases and ligases). Chelation of zinc with the amino acids cysteine and histidine forms zinc fingers which are important for transcription of proteins. Additional processes that are regulated by zinc include expression of the metallothionein gene apoptosis and synaptic signaling. Due to these diverse functions zinc plays a critical role in growth and development cellular integrity and many biological functions including protein synthesis nucleic acid metabolism and immune function(1). Though the adverse effects of severe zinc deficiency in humans are recognized for long researchers recently have explored the benefits of zinc in a wide variety of childhood conditions including diarrhea and acute respiratory infections. The potential benefit of zinc in these conditions is mediated via a variety of pathways including stabilization of the epithelial barrier and function of neutrophils natural killer cells monocytes and macrophages. (excerpt)


A Pivotal method for achieving a basic feasible solution of a linear programming is presented in this paper.The method need not introducing any artificial variables or auxiliary programming,begin with any basic solution(either feasible nor regular),through some proper pivotal transformations reduce the number of negative components of basic solution one after another and finally a basic feasible solution is obtained.


Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are integrations of computation and control with sensing and actuation of the physical environment. Typically, such systems consist of embedded computers that monitor and control physical processes in a feedback loop. While modern electronic systems are increasingly characterized as CPS, their design and synthesis still rely on traditional methods, which lack systematic and automated techniques for accomplishment.
 Recently, IEC 61499 has been proposed as a standard for designing industrial process-control and measurement systems. It prescribes a component-based approach for developing industrial automation software using function blocks. Executable code can then be automatically generated and simulated from these function blocks. This bodes well for designers of CPS, who are more likely to be experts in specific industrial domains, rather than in computer science. The intuitive graphical nature and automatic code synthesis of IEC 61499 programs will alleviate the programming burden of industrial engineers, while ensuring more reliable software. While software synthesis from IEC 61499 programs is not new, the generation of efficient code from them has been wanting. This has made it difficult for function blocks to be used in software development for resource-constrained embedded controllers commonly employed in CPS. To address this, we present an approach that can generate very efficient code from function block descriptions. Experimental results from a benchmark suite shows that our approach produces substantially faster and smaller code compared to existing techniques.


Windbreaks (shelterbelts, vegetative environmental buffers) placed around livestock production facilities as Working Trees can help mitigate the movement of odors and dust generated by these operations. Four primary factors are thought to contribute to these odor issues: Urban expansion has placed many more people into closer contact with agricultural operations. Large scale livestock confinement production has led to increased concentrations of manure. Heavy concentrations of odor emissions travel across highly modified landscapes relatively devoid of natural barriers. Market economics and regulatory policies create limited producer incentives to control activities beyond minimum regulatory requirements.


For the application of hybrid tasks in priority-based preemptive systems, an innovative two-level hierarchical scheduling scheme is presented, and the time-triggered mode and event-triggered mode are adopted for the periodic real-time tasks and aperiodic real-time tasks respectively. First, the scheduling structure is proposed and the related concepts are defined. Then, the task model is established, and some crucial technologies such as scheduling algorithm, schedulability and jitter control are deeply researched. Subsequently, combined with Windows CE.NET, the experiment validation of scheduling scheme is carried out and the results demonstrate that the method can improve the determination of real-time tasks and reduce jitter. Specially, the jitter can be even eliminated if the task periods and tick-interval are rational. Finally, the choice of tick-interval is discussed. So the proposed scheduling scheme is efficient for hybrid tasks.


Objective To conduct a cost analysis of the provision of the rehabilitative services for hearing-impaired children at an individual level so that the related governmental agencies and social welfare institutions can reach well-educated decisions in terms of financial and political support at provincial levels. Methods "The Survey on the Status Quo of the Hearing-impaired Children's Rehabilitation", a questionnaire developed by the Chinese Rehabilitation and Research Center for Deaf Children in 2005, was selected as a main research instrument. This survey collected data on the basic financial conditions of the family, the conditions of hearing aid use, and the results of rehabilitation training, etc. Subjects were 31 hearing-impaired children from the Anhui Provincial Rehabilitation and Research Center for Disabled People. Results The incomes of the families studied were below the provincial average level. As a result, the direct cost for the individual rehabilitation was somewhat higher. However, in spite of the inadequate financial abilities, most subjects have achieved significant progress in their speech training based on the appropriate use of hearing aids. Discussion We should encourage the positive attitude of the parents towards rehabilitation for their children. At the same time, proper social welfare and governmental support system should be established so that the financial burden of the individual family can be shared through social involvement. This will improve the efficiency of the use of the present resources allocated to this service and furthermore improve the effectiveness of the rehabilitation for the children.


Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) analysis to θ Temperatures (Lower Critical Solution Temperature) of vynil polymers has been conducted. The study was done by using molecular modelling of polymers that assumed in trimer compound, in their isotactic form. Calculation was performed by semiempirical PM3 method. The relationship analysis between θ Temperatures and physicochemical properties of polymers was done by MLR analysis, with θ Temperatures as dependent variable and 7 independent variables such as atomic net charges of carbon as head and tail of the polymer chain (qC1 and qC2), dipole moment (μ), refractivity index (RD), log P, volume of van der Waals (VvdW), and Hidration Energy (Ehid). The relationship between θ Temperature and the descriptors which performed by statistical calculation is: (θ Temperature) = 399,823 + 149,996(qC1) + 751,720(qC2) - 76,014(μ) + 1,805 (Vvdw) - 17,369(RD) – 37,550(Log P) where n =13; r = 0.935; r2 = 0.873; SE = 37.01; Fcalc/Ftable = 1.610; and PRESS = 8218.619


them directly, preferring instead to dwell on the authority end of the authoritycontrol continuum that characterizes legal decision rather than on both ends together. Indeed, even though he does not present legal prescriptions as merely inherited abstractions, he does seem to say that law and politics are more adversaries than extensions or complements of one another; and as a consequence, the silly but popular notion that international law is not really law is not put wholly to rest. One is left still yearning for an up-to-date Kaplan and Katzenbach (The Political Foundations of International Law) that unreservedly embraces the truism that legal doctrines, principles and rules acquire vitality and meaning from their relationship to ongoing political processes. Still, the book is a welcome contribution, particularly for the novice who seeks a clear and concise exposition of at least the formal international code. It is especially welcome, however, because Judge Mosler exudes a refreshing optimism that is today rare among international law scholars and practitioners. Persuaded that a rational and fair system of international justice and dispute settlement is possible, his optimism, made all the more significant by his preeminence, is as encouraging as it is refreshing.


This article points to the situation that teachers serves as "lecturers" , while students does as "listeners" seen everywhere in resent teaching, combines with the requirement of talents-training and sustainable development in 21st century, and builds scientifically the new-style study method with active, practice, unique, independence, questionive characters, including its important meaning and specific way from the theory and practice angle.


In the treatment of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, the removal of causative teeth is actively used, although the tooth removal indications are not always clearly defined. Modern endodontic approaches and technologies, in most cases, help preserve the tooth in the oral cavity with the elimination of the chronic infection focus, thus restoring the integrity of the maxillary sinus.
Background. Improve the effectiveness in the treatment of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis while preserving the causative teeth.
Materials and methods. The study involved 50 patients aged 18 to 45 years. All patients had clinical signs of maxillary odontogenic sinusitis and signs of failed endodontic treatment of teeth with a dark, radiolucent focus in the apex region. Radiological parameters and quality of obturation was assessed using CBCT; the presence of symptoms of inflammation was assessed clinically during examination. The results were evaluated after 6, 12 and 24 months. The treatment effectiveness and the quality of obturation was assessed in accordance with the directives of the European Society of Endodontology.
Results. High-quality endodontic treatment resolved clinical signs of odontogenic sinusitis in all patients, restored the bone tissue of the alveolar process and restored the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus after 12 months in 96% of cases. In 2 cases, additional microsinusotomy was required.
Conclusion. Improving the quality of endodontics in the first treatment or retreatment of the upper jaw teeth can significantly reduce the number of dental extractions in odontogenic maxillary sinusitis


Background
Candidate gene approach based on case-control model is a valuable strategy to determined disease related genetic variants. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1800469 and rs2241715 in TGF β1gene have been reported to affect the asthmatic status in different populations. The main focus of this research was to find any relationship between these SNPs and asthma in Pakistani population.

Methods
Using case-control model, a total of 108 individuals including 52 asthma patients and 56 healthy controls were screened to find asthma susceptibility of variants rs1800469 and rs2241715. These SNPs were genotyped using SNaPshot minisequencing assay followed by capillary electrophoresis using ABI 3130xl genetic analyzer platform. The statistical analysis of genetic data was performed by using SPSS 21, SHEsis online platform and SNPStats online web software.

Results
No association with asthma was seen in allelic model for both SNPs but genotypes analyzed under codominant, dominant, over dominant and recessive models of inheritance revealed that SNP rs2241715 is strongly associated with asthma under genotypic model.

Conclusion
rs2241715 was found to be a genetic risk factor for asthma in Pakistani population.


The study on the growth characteristics of Oxyeleotris marmoratus under artificial breeding showed that after two months growth, the body length (L) of O. marmoratus increased from (17.36±0.99) cm to (19.05±0.57) cm, and its body mass (W) increased from (139.13±12.90) g to (205.50±15.78) g. Different duration of breeding had no significant effects on feeding ratio (FR) (P0.05), but affected specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and growth efficiency (GE) significantly (P0.05). The body length had a linear relationship with breeding duration, and the body mass had an exponential growth with the duration. There was an exponential relationship between body length and body mass, and the exponential value b within different durations was all close to 3, suggesting an isometric growth between the body length and body mass of O. marmoratus.


ENEATH his signature of a letter to Johln Forster written from France in 1847, Charles Dickens styles himself "Frangais naturalise, et Citoyen de Paris."l His affection for France is clearly expressed in correspondence with Forster and others during his visits to that country. That the French reading public reciprocated is evident in the great popularity of Dickens' works in France during his own lifetime,2 a popularity that continues today, as Sylvere Monod has noted: "Je crois qu'il [Dickens] est-Shakespeare toujours mis a part-le seul ecrivain anglais a avoir connu et a connaitre encore, plus que la celebrite, une durable popularite dans notre pays."3 The approval accorded to Dickens' works by the French public did not ensure, in the beginning, favorable notice by French professional


There has been a considerable increase in the literature devoted to innovation in the past few decades. This research area is characterized by prolific interdisciplinary connections and no single domain is able to embrace all aspects of science, technology and innovation. By analyzing nearly 60,000 references included in the 1442 articles published between 1974 and 2007 in the area's seed journal, Research Policy (RP), we have uncovered the following patterns: (1) the most important sources of knowledge are associated with "core" economics (mostly mainstream) and management sources, even though the importance of innovation-related sources has been rising; (2) the degree of autonomy of science, technology and innovation research is still weak, revealing its incipience and lack of a unified theoretical framework; (3) the most influential authors and studies follow heterodox approaches, namely the evolutionary approach (e.g. Richard R. Nelson) and the European approach to innovation (e.g. Keith Pavitt and Chris Freeman), although it is rather surprising that one of the most widely recognized founding fathers of innovation-related studies, Joseph Schumpeter, is absent from the top-10 cited authors list; and (4) the ranking of the most influential studies highlights the relevance of the evolutionary paradigm, with its focus on the capabilities and routines of firms, and the policy-driven nature of topics, evidencing the pervasiveness of the literature on the National System of Innovation.


Objective: The present study was aimed at characterizing a diamond detector and observing its behavior. Materials and Methods: The dosimetric characteristics of 6 MV photon beams were measured by utilizing an automatic PTW MP3 scanning system with a diamond detector, and compared with measurements performed with a PTW 31010 ion chamber. Results: Measurements of dose linearity, dose rate dependence and depth dose distribution as well as dose profiles demonstrated the dosimetric characteristics of the diamond detector. Conclusion: Some measurements with diamond detector and ion chamber were validated with results published in the literature, demonstrating a good behavior of the diamond detector as compared with the ionization chamber that is widely utilized for dosimetry in radiotherapy, indicating that the diamond detector is a good choice for small field dosimetry.


In this paper, we demonstrate and investigate numerically the chiral coupling effect between a microfiber and a nanofiber. The light propagation direction in the nanofiber is determined by the handedness of the light field in microfiber. According to the radius of nanofiber, the fundamental mode in microfiber can be coupled into both the fundamental and the higher order modes of nanofiber. Our findings have potential applications in new designs of nanophotonic devices.


COnstraint-Based Reconstruction and Analysis (COBRA) provides a molecular mechanistic framework for integrative analysis of experimental data and quantitative prediction of physicochemically and biochemically feasible phenotypic states. The COBRA Toolbox is a comprehensive software suite of interoperable COBRA methods. It has found widespread applications in biology, biomedicine, and biotechnology because its functions can be flexibly combined to implement tailored COBRA protocols for any biochemical network. Version 3.0 includes new methods for quality controlled reconstruction, modelling, topological analysis, strain and experimental design, network visualisation as well as network integration of chemoinformatic, metabolomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and thermochemical data. New multi-lingual code integration also enables an expansion in COBRA application scope via high-precision, high-performance, and nonlinear numerical optimisation solvers for multi-scale, multi-cellular and reaction kinetic modelling, respectively. This protocol can be adapted for the generation and analysis of a constraint-based model in a wide variety of molecular systems biology scenarios. This protocol is an update to the COBRA Toolbox 1.0 and 2.0. The COBRA Toolbox 3.0 provides an unparalleled depth of constraint-based reconstruction and analysis methods.


In Canada, ground beetles (Carabidae) are abundant and diverse in agricultural ecosystems. Adults of all species are well characterized, but only 10% are known in the immature stages. In a typical agricultural site, one could find 40 to 60 species. While the ground beetle species composition consists mainly of native species in agriculture sites in the Prairie regions, a mixture of local and accidentally introduced species is the norm elsewhere. Although the diversity of introduced European species is not as great as that of native of ground beetles, the absolute number of European species may dominate an agricultural site. The basic biology and habitat requirements of almost all species occurring in agricultural habitats are known. Each species of beetle has special requirements based on soil type, moisture, pH, and light exposure. They are excellent indicators of habitat modification and of the quality of the environment. Although, most species of ground beetles are predators or scavengers, some are see...


Simulation training in medicine has proven to be an initial method for mastering practical skills and transferring them to the marginal conditions. Since 2016, accreditation of specialists created for these purposes, including endoscopists and thoracic surgeons, has been carried out, the list of labor obligations includes the performance of bronchoscopy. At the moment, in the domestic literature there are only a few publications on the role of simulation training in mastering the skills of bronchoscopy. The simulation center on the basis of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology wasestablished in 2018.   Considering all of the above, it seems relevant to discuss the results of using the phantom in teaching the bronchoscopy technique, which was the purpose of this work.


With the development of GIS techniques,large numbers of geographic data were produced and accumulated in different systems,equipments and sites with various memorial formats,which resulted in the negative effects on the data's interoperation,sharing management and integrated utilization.New techniques such as internet,distributed computation and spatial data-base brought a scarce opportunity for spatial data sharing management.Based on analyzing GIS data interoperated technique,the present paper studied the mechanism of data interoperation which aimed at the multi-source heterogeneous spatial data and proposed solutions.


A 60-year-old man who had been suffering from psoriasis for 20 years developed finger dactylitis and inflammatory swelling with pitting edema over the dorsum of the hand one week after a contusive trauma to the left hand. These were not followed by any other clinical manifestations of PsA.


The process of pyrolysis is investigated in this paper. The pyrolysis results of two samples: waste tyres and rubber at different heating rates (10, 20, 50 K/min), were compared. In other experiments the degradation of two pyrolysis products, char and oil was examined. The kinetic study using the thermogravimetry equipment (TG) was done, which allowed determination of the kinetic mechanism of the process. The elemental analysis of the samples was performed.


Abstract In this research, biopsychosocial characteristics of people accused of sexual aggression against children/adolescents between 2012 and 2014, in three districts of the state of Pará, were identified and analyzed. Data were collected by consulting court cases and recorded on a form prepared by the research group for biopsychosocial characterization. The statistical treatment of the data involved the non-hierarchical k-means clustering method, with cluster analysis. The results revealed three distinct groups; some with certain similarities due to the biological characteristics observed (Afro-descendant men over the age of 30 years, without reported organic diseases), as well as psychological and social characteristics (men with defined occupation and work, living in urban areas, with aggression to the black victim and in the family context) and differences (schooling, alcohol abuse and physical or psychological aggression, victim sex and family attachment to the aggressor). Further studies may refine the preliminary conclusions of these analyses.


In 2011–2012, the Australian Government commissioned two separate reviews of the country's media regulation. Despite big differences in the way they approached their task and in the conclusions they reached, both reviews recommended the creation of new regulatory authorities backed by statute. Although for different reasons they also attached much significance to the idea of independence. Both reviews might have delivered better results if they had recognised that independence matters only as one of several factors affecting the broader and more important question of whether a regulator's decisions are regarded as legitimate.


I N 1948 DONALD BAILLIE described the contemporary social analogy of the Trinity as "hltra-Cappadocian," suggesting that such Anglican versions of it as Leonard Hodgson's constitute "one-sided" developments of the Cappadocian three-man analogy.1 Baillie does acknowledge, of course, that the Cappadocian fathers compared the Trinity to a human trio. He is further aware that twentieth century Anglican trinitarians have often pointed to the Cappadocians, particularly to Gregory of Nyssa, as precedent. But Baillie judges these contemporary theories to err in drawing a central conclusion from such a comparison, namely, that three "persons " in God mean-either for the Cappadocians or for usthree personalities, three centers of consciousness. The Cappadocians themselves, on Baillie's reading, are more circumspect. By their doctrines of intratrinitarian perichoresis (mutual enveloping, or interpenetration) , identity of trinitarian works ad extra, identity of essence, and divine simplicity,


A uniquely diverse area in the Blue Ridge province of North Carolina is described. A bog-fen is particularly noteworthy. A catalog of the rich flora, which includes many taxa rarely found in the Carolinas, is provided.


Mental workload estimation has been under extensive investigation over the years, because the capability of monitoring the cognitive workload enables the prevention of cognitive overloading and improvement of workplace safety. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals has been found to be an objective and non-intrusive measure of mental workload. However, the evaluation of cognitive workload based on single-trial EEG data, which is an essential step towards real-time workload monitoring and brain-computer interface, has been a major challenge. The philosophical basis is the similarity of technical images, the probability of dependence on image shape is similar; the ethical basis is that the experimenter's voluntary former is the external foundation; the latter two constitute the intrinsic foundation. It distinguishes the objects and concepts in the whole philosophical tradition In particular, it poses a challenge to the proposition of phenomenology that "there is a fundamental distinction between the matter's intention and the concept's intention", so it has to face the problem of the philosophy of science of phenomenology.


A study is reported of intrafield predictive coding of composite NTSC television signals sampled at four times the color subcarrier frequency (14.3 MHz). The choice of predictor was found to be governed by three constraints, which are described. Of several predictors which satisfied these constraints, it was determined that one of them performed the best. A procedure for designing quantizers for composite signals was developed based on a three-parameter piecewise-linear approximation to the quantizer error threshold function. Observations of picture quality were made using real-time processing on a mixed hardware/software experimental facility, from which it was concluded that between 5 and 6 bits/pel were required for broadcast quality. Preliminary results were obtained on the effect of composite predictive coding on the vertical interval test signals (VITS). Our observations indicate that the waveform distortion criteria applied to VITS give some indication of granular noise visibility (in the SNR measurements); these criteria, however, are too severe in their requirements for slope overload distortion and do not consider edge busyness, an important temporal impairment in predictive coding.


The linkage between sea surface temperature (SST) and evaporation (EVP) plays an important role in air–sea interactions. In this study, the interaction mechanism of SST and EVP during boreal autumn was studied using correlation analysis, composite analysis, the EVP decomposition method, and singular value decomposition. The results showed that the correlation between SST and EVP in the Indian Ocean was reversed from positive to negative in the late 1990s. The significant positive SST–EVP relationship was attributed to the Indian Ocean basin mode forcing upon EVP during 1980–90. The decrease in wind speed–induced EVP and SST warming led to a significant negative SST–EVP relationship during 2005–15. Moreover, the negative SST–EVP correlation occurred when the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and subtropical Indian Ocean dipole (SIOD) exhibited inverse phases. The low-level moisture–EVP–SST feedback dominated the negative SST–EVP correlation in the negative IOD and positive SIOD (nIOD–pSIOD) pattern, whereas the wind–EVP–SST feedback played the leading role in the positive IOD and negative SIOD (pIOD–nSIOD) pattern. The EVP anomalies induced by the low-level anomalous anticyclone and cyclone were the main causes of the SST anomalies with inverse phases of the IOD and SIOD. The correlation between the SST and EVP reversal from positive to negative implies that the effect of the atmosphere on the ocean is as important as the external forcing of the ocean on the atmosphere.


Traditionally, careers guidance has been concerned with promoting occupational satisfactoriness rather than satisfaction. Today, more emphasis is placed upon the life of the individual than the characteristics of the occupation. With more variables being brought into play, career choice has become more difficult. Careers advisers are expected to be not only organizers and disseminators of information, but also counsellors in group and individual situations. The computer can help with the first in order to give more time for the second. The joint research project between the Education Department of Cheshire County Council and the IBM UK Scientific Centre ran from September 1973 until June 1974. Since then, further field trials have taken place, over two years of regular usage have occurred and further developments have been made to the original program. This paper describes the philosophy and development of the system, reports on the two field trials and gives recommendations for the use of the computer in the guidance process in schools.


Machine learning techniques have been developed to learn from complete data. When missing values exist in a dataset, the incomplete data should be preprocessed separately by removing data points with missing values or imputation. In this paper, we propose an online approach to handle missing values while a classification model is learnt. To reach this goal, we develop a multi-objective optimization model with two objective functions for imputation and model selection. We also propose three formulations for imputation objective function. We use an evolutionary algorithm based on NSGA II to find the optimal solutions as the Pareto solutions. We investigate the reliability and robustness of the proposed model using experiments by defining several scenarios in dealing with missing values and classification. We also describe how the proposed model can contribute to medical informatics. We compare the performance of three different formulations via experimental results. The proposed model results get validated by comparing with a comparable literature.


A recursive presentation of order type $\zeta$ $\cdot$ $\eta$ is produced with no $\Pi\sb2$ strongly non-trivial automorphisms, proving a stronger version of a conjecture of Kierstead. Recursive presentations of $\zeta\ \cdot\ \eta$ are constructed with no $\Pi\sb1$ strongly non-trivial automorphism and either the successor automorphism recursive or finite nearness recursive. There is a recursive discrete order type with the successor automorphism not recursive in any presentation. There is a $\Pi\sb3$ initial segment of a recursive linear order which is not recursively presentable; limited results are presented for $\Pi\sb1$ and $\Pi\sb2$ initial segments.


To study the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of Huajiao-6 decoction,used the xylene-induced inflammation,paw swelling,acetic acid to make the permeabitity of blood capillaries and cotton pellet-induced granuloma method in mice.Determined the ear swelling,paw edema caused by egg white and formaldehyde and cotton pellet induced granuloma after administration.The adjuvant arthritis(AA) rat model was made,then,the activity of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α of AA rat were determined by the method of ELISA.Huajiao-6 decoction significantly inhibited the acute inflammation in mice induced by xylene as well as the acetic acid to make the permeabitity of blood capillaries,subacute inflammation model caused by egg white and formaldehyde and the chronic inflammation model aroused by intradermal implantation cotton pellet.Huajiao-6 had significant inhibition on inflammation,the content of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in serum of AA rat were significantly reduced by Huajiao-6 decoction.The results showed that Huajiao-6 decoction had the inhibitory effect on the activity of inflammatory mediums and responds,it could be used to treat RA.


In a nutshell, commissioners (i.e. health auth orities) have a statutory responsibility to buy the best health care for a defined population with a defined amount of money. They also have a broader, but less well-defined, responsibility for health, as opposed to health care. There is no doubt that health care has a relatively small influence on health compared with deprivation, housing and unemployment, but in reality the majority of effort of commissioners focuses on health care. Clinical effectiveness is clearly an important determinant to achieve value for money and as such is of legitimate interest to commissioners (NHS Executive, 1995). Indeed, promoting clin ical effectiveness, and therefore increasing the accountability of clinicians was one of the key objectives of radical changes introduced in the early 1990s (Secretaries of State for Health. Wales. Northern Ireland and Scotland, 1989) and the creation of 'purchasers'.


A bound on the minimum distance of a binary error-correcting code is established given constraints on the computational time-space complexity of its encoder where the encoder is modeled as a branching program. The bound obtained asserts that if the encoder uses linear time and sublinear memory in the most general sense, then the minimum distance of the code cannot grow linearly with the block length when the rate is nonvanishing, that is, the minimum relative distance of the code tends to zero in such a setting. The setting is general enough to include nonserially concatenated turbo-like codes and various generalizations. Our argument is based on branching program techniques introduced by Ajtai. The case of constant-depth AND-OR circuit encoders with unbounded fanins are also considered.


1 . Twenty‐one haloalkylamine derivatives were tested as inhibitors of both the neuronal uptake of 3H‐noradrenaline (NA) by the Uptake1 mechanism and the extraneuronal uptake of 3H‐NA by the Uptake2 mechanism in the isolated rat heart. 2 . At a concentration of 50 μm most of the compounds tested caused a significant inhibition of both uptake processes, although there were wide differences in the relative effects on Uptake1 and Uptake2. Some tentative structure activity relationships for uptake inhibition were formulated from these results. 3 . Phenoxybenzamine was confirmed to be a potent inhibitor of both the Uptake2 and Uptake1 mechanisms, with IC50 values for these two systems of 2·8 μm and 0·9 μm respectively. 4 . The substances N‐(9‐fluorenyl)‐N‐methyl‐β‐chloroethylamine (SKF 550), N‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenylisopropyl)‐N‐benzyl‐β‐chloroethylamine (SKF 625A) and N‐(4‐methoxyphenoxyisopropyl)‐N‐benzyl‐β‐chloroethylamine (SKF 784A) were significantly more potent than phenoxybenzamine as Uptake2 inhibitors, and were all less potent than phenoxybenzamine as Uptake1 inhibitors. The compound SKF 550 is the most potent and selective inhibitor of Uptake2 so far described. It has an IC50 for Uptake2 of 008 μm, and an IC50 for Uptake1 of approximately 400 μm. 5 . Comparison of the present results with the known activities of these blocking agents suggests that no correlation exists between adrenoceptor blocking activity and ability of the substances to act as inhibitors of Uptake2 or Uptake1.


Cao Fang's fall from power as emperor had a great influence upon Ruan Ji, who not only expressed his sadness but also consciously turned over to think his life in his prose-poetryShou Yang Mountain. The prose-poetry is an important boundary tablet of his heart.


The fast track process is a directed surgical care pathway with the goal to improve patient recovery following surgery. The implemented fast track protocols in oesophageal surgery were adopted from approved protocols of other surgical disciplines, resulting in large variation of the used protocols. The published studies have clearly demonstrated the consistent evolution in fast track protocols with showing variations in the protocol components across the published reports. However, an overall improvement in hospital stay length, anastomotic leak, pulmonary complications and mortality has been showed over time without influencing the surgical morbidity.Therfore, these positive results in outcomes demonstrated the feasibility of the fast track process without supplementary risk in oesophageal surgery. The variations in the fast track protocols and key components applied following oesophagectomy identify the real need to continually assessing and identifying the areas of improvement. The objective of the review work is to give an overview from the published reports on the evolution and benefits of the fast track process over time in oesophageal surgery.


The social organization of industrial systems has been a topic of major interest among social scientists for two decades. While anthropologists have been concerned with the consequences of industrial growth in underdeveloped areas of the world, by and large the locus of sociological research on industrial organization has been the United States. However, sociologists have given particular attention to the large bureaucratized industrial systems, rather than small or loosely organized industries.1 Anthropologists, as well as sociologists, have often assumed that modern industrial systems, to the extent that they strive for efficiency, are based on a rational allocation of tasks and functions in terms of the technical organization of productive means. In line with this assumption, it has been maintained that kinship plays a rather insignificant role in the patterning of modern industrial relations, particularly in Western societies.


From first principles a generic model which can be applied to a variety of problems associated with placement errors, which are not limited to overlapping features alone is generated. The same model with minor changes is used to predict what the tolerances on a die and bond stage should be, such that the die edge does not interfere with the edges of the cavity of the bond stage when it is placed in the stage. The model is verified with actual data, and proves to be quite accurate.<<ETX>>


We discuss the possibility of obtaining stimulated backscattering from the ionosphere. It is found that stimulated Brillouin scattering off ion modes and quasi modes may be possible with the signal power that is planned for the Eiscat radar.


Sixty 28 - day old Anak broiler chicks were used in a 42 – day feeding trial to assess the performance of finisher broiler chicks fed varying dietary substitution levels of spent grain for maize. The birds were grouped into four treatments. Each treatment was further replicated three times in a completely randomized design. The substitution levels of spent grain for maize were 0%, 5% 10% and 15% for treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4
respectively. Response parameters were, initial body weight, weekly body weight gain, daily body weight gain, final body weight, breast width, thigh/shank length thigh circumference, wing length, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and mortality. Other parameters include, dressed weight, breast weight, thigh weight, drumstic weight, and wing weight. Liver, gizzard, heart, lung and intestine weights were also measured. The internal organ weights were expressed as percentage of live weights. Cost of total feed intake per bird, cost of per kilogram weight gain per bird were also calculated. Results revealed that there were significant differences (P 0.05). Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences Vol. 5 (1) 2007: pp. 21-28


The theme of Yuan Dynasty "Han Gong Qiu"is the hot spots in academia.I think we should analysis form the works,the world,authors,and readers.First is love: describe zhe love stoey of Han Yuandi and Wang Zhaojun.Zhe second is political: describe Political events to show the social phenomenon.The third express the aothor's angry of talents wasted.Zhe forth performance the survival of the plight.We will analysis zhe four points in this article.


The ability of sterile hyphae of Epidermophyton and Microsporum to produce macroconidia was restored by exposing hyphae to ultra violet irradiation followed by prolonged incubation at 35 degrees C. The four species of Trichophyton used in the present study did not produce macroconidia after such treatments.


Influenced by Afro blocos and European anti-globalization movements, the first Brazilian drum blocos (batucadas) were formed in Madrid during the first decade of the millennium. Their continuous presence in the streets in the years of the crisis and later in the 15M movement has turned them into a cultural and essential phenomenon in any popular progressive claim. Some of them, whether located at or linked to the neighborhoods and / or anti-capitalist movements of the working-class districts in the city, become part of their daily environment by participating in local demands and festivities. Their music, intended as a tool for social transformation, contributes to the neighborhood network and its citizen coexistence. This essay traces the history of the blocos which are born or located in the working-class districts of Madrid city, both in the northern area (Hortaleza and Fuencarral) and in the southern area (Carabanchel, Vallecas and Usera); while analyzing their organization, development and connections from their beginnings in the early years of the millennium to the present time.


The effect of blast temperature, the coal size on the mixed coal combustion rate in experiment condition was analyzed. And then the conclusion was drawn that the proportion of minus 0074 mm mixed coal powder should be over than 30% and the proportion of 0175 mm mixed coal should be less than 25%; and the coal combustion rate can be increased by 1% with blast temperature increment of 38 ℃. The proportion of bituminous coal in mixed coal for injection is in a range of 30%-50%. The industrial exam of mixed coal injection has been performed with the increase of the blast temperature and PCI rate and decrease of coke rate; it was proved that Shougang forth milling system is able to inject mixed coal with a volatile less than 18%. The future industrial exam is proposed.


In resolving a discrepancy between my solutions (Weidman, 1978) and those of Miles (1979) for internal solitary waves in a fluid with linear density stratification, the author has discovered that he made an egregious error: one of the terms in the differential equation solved has an incorrect sign. The solutions to the corrected equation are found to be in full accord with the results cited by Miles (1979). The format employed here in presenting the corrected solutions is identical to that used in the original paper, including section headings and equation numbers. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1979.tb00926.x


When analyzing the causes for the failure of previous programmes, the following issues are usually focused on: whether the results of the programmes were timely, whether the budget was not exceeded, and whether the results met certain quality parameters. In some cases, the analysis can testify that the programme was completed successfully, the team acted successfully, settlements with suppliers were completed, and stakeholders and users were satisfied. But much rarely the question arises, whether the organization is really ready for the changes that the programme implements. The  subject matter  of the study in this article is the process of introducing changes to the activities of an organization. The  goal  is to develop a tool for analyzing the possibility of introducing changes to the work of an organization. The  objectives  are to consider specific aspects affecting the results and the possibility of introducing changes to an organization; to consider and justify the main problems and sources of resistance to changes; to develop a model for assessing the intensity of resistance to changes. The following  methods  were used while studying the set problem - logical generalization, analysis and synthesis, structural analysis. The following  results  were obtained: the model was developed for calculating the total resistance to the programme of changes or transformations, taking into account the intensity of programme implementation and its successful completion. The possibility to assess the level of resistance to changes is suggested, this level can be both high and low since the personnel of an organization and especially its management body can be satisfied with the stability of the company. The features of change programmes were analyzed and the main problems related to the personnel were specified. The problems were divided into two components: a component which relates to the organization management body and a component that is directly linked to the team working on the programme.  Conclusions.  The start-up tool for analyzing the implementation of the change programme in an organization was developed, that is, if the resistance to changes is higher than the organizational potential of a company, there cannot be any benefits from implementing the programme of changes. Therefore, the general resistance to changes in the organization should be reduced and only after that any change programmes and projects can be considered.


Purpose: To determine the effects of hand massage on nausea and vomiting, and anxiety in children with Iymphocytic leukemia receiving high dose chemotherapy. Method: The children were assigned to an experimental group(15) or a control group(15). All of the children were diagnosed with acute Iymphocy...


We study the asymptotic expansion of the smeared L 2-trace of f e −tP 2 where P is an operator of Dirac type, f is an auxiliary smooth smearing function which is used to localize the problem, and chiral bag boundary conditions are imposed. Special case calculations, functorial methods and the theory of ζ-and η-invariants are used to obtain the boundary part of the heat-kernel coefficients a 1 and a 2 .


In Romania the state supports religion. The main reason is claimed to be the fact that religion will improve the shared values (moral, social, economic or political) of our society. Based on the data from the Public Opinion Barometer November 2005 (which included the questions from The World Values Survey 2005) this study explores the relationship between religiosity and work ethic, moral values and tolerance; as well as the ways in which religiosity affects political and gender-based attitudes. Regarding most of the values included a weak but significant relationship was found. A poorer work and general ethic, attitudes towards women and homosexuals or the preference for a more authoritarian regime are the most disquieting findings.


From the inception of Islam, Christians have not hesitated to attack the Qurʾan. Part of the Muslim polemic against the veracity of the Christian religion to which Abū Qurra and al-Kindī are responding is the charge of biblical corruption or alteration (taḥrīf). And, in their response to this charge, both Abū Qurra and al-Kindī actively attack the Qurʾan as, in fact, being the 'corrupt' scripture, albeit in very different ways. Two aspects of our Christian texts are particularly relevant for our purposes: the allusion(s) to the actual process of the composition of the Qurʾan, how and why corruption may have entered, which only al-Kindī really touches on; and the discussion of the contents and form of the text itself (including Muslim disagreement on its proper interpretation) and how that might evidence 'corruption', which is touched upon by both our Christian protagonists.Keywords: biblical corruption; Christian protagonist; Christian religion; Islam; Muslim polemic; Qurʾan


Traffic congestion in Istanbul has led to three proposals for improvement—the Third Bosphorus Bridge, the Bosphorus Road Tube Tunnel and a combination of the two. These alternatives are analysed in terms of the cost savings expected in personal travel time, vehicle operation and maintenance, accident, roadway maintenance, and freight transport time. An appraisal of these savings is made using internal rate of return, benefit-cost ratio and net present value techniques, although the latter is favoured. Despite its high initial capital cost, Alternative 3 combining the bridge and tunnel is the most attractive project using NPV calculations.


Jon Cruz (JC): Let's start by talking about your background in rhetoric and film studies, and your consistent effort over the years to merge theories of representation and visual analysis with feminist theory. I see your work first emerging in ways that correspond to or parallel early cultural studies from the Birmingham School, but not in immediate dialogue with what was coming to be known as 'cultural studies'. Your interests in feminist and psychoanalytic theory weren't central to the very earliest formation of Birmingham cultural studies, though such interests would soon emerge in ways that were contentious as well as constitutive of ensuing developments in cultural studies. Did your coming out of rhetoric incline you toward cultural studies? Constance Penley Good question! I remember sometime in the early 1990s I was (CP): surprised to see myself being cited as 'a prominent cultural studies critic'. Though I was aware of the Birmingham School in the 1970s and 1980s, I and the other members of the Camera Obscura collective felt more aligned with the semiotics, structuralism, psychoanalysis and film theory of Screen and French film theory of the time – and our objects of study were experimental film, classical Hollywood cinema and film theory itself. But when I started to work on television, popular culture, popular science and even noncinematic imaging technologies, and when my research took a more ethnographic bent toward studying the creativity of female media fans, people started seeing me as adopting a cultural studies approach, an interdisciplinary study of language, culture and power. But I didn't know I was 'doing cultural studies'. That's when I realized


At twilight , on August 5, 1986, in South-West France, a hunting Serotine
 (Eptesicus serotinus) was observed chasing, during a few seconds, a Nightjar
 (Caprimulgus europaeus) whose flying path had just crossed that of the bat .
 Four possible interpretations are discussed : rabid bat in a furious phase,
 territory or hunting route defence, food competition, and « mobbing » of a
 bird resembling a hawk . The last two interpretations seem the most likely


In the present paper, amixed (quantitative and qualitative) and comparative (Europe vs. North America) analysis is accomplished for the assessment of the production and diffusion of strategy knowledge. With such an analysis we have attempted to identify which countries have the most consolidated and prestigious means for the diffusion of Strategic Management investigation at international level, and what is the character of its scientific production in the field. We have also tried to ascertain whether international or local cooperation plays a substantive and increasing role in the production and dissemination of knowledge on Strategic Management, specially nowadays, when, in despite of the strong existing competition, an ever greater attention is paid to the role played by cooperation.


Presence of noise increases the dimension of the information. A noise suppression algorithm is developed with an idea of combining the General Kalman Filter and Estimate Maximization (EM) frame work.This combination is helpful and effective in identifying noise characteristics of an acoustic environment. Recursion between Estimate step and Maximization step enabled the algorithm to deal any model of noise. The same Speech enhancement procedure in applied in the pre-processing stage of a conventional Speaker identification method. Due to the non-stationary nature of noise and speech adaptive algorithms are required. Algorithm is first applied for Speech enhancement problem and then extended to using it in the pre-processing step of the Speaker identification. The present work is compared in terms of significant metrics with existing and popular algorithms and results show that the developed algorithm is dominant over them.


IN THE CASE OF RHODESIA, WHERE THE MAJORITY OF MAIN ROADS HAVE BEEN CONSTRUCTED IN THE COURSE OF THE LAST TWENTY FIVE YEARS AND WHERE THE MEAN TRAFFIC PER LANE IS OF THE ORDER OF 4.5 X 105 APPLICATIONS OF THE STANDARD AXLE LOAD 80 KN (8.2 T), TWO PROBLEMS ARISE WHEN ONE CONSIDERS THE AXLE LOAD : ON THE ONE HAND THE STRENGTHENING OF THE EXISTING NETWORK, ON THE OTHER HAND THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEW HIGHWAYS. THE AXLE LOAD LEGAL LIMIT IS AN ESSENTIAL FACTOR IN THE DESIGN OF A PAVEMENT. AT PRESENT, IT IS FIXED AT 80 KN. AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS CARRIED OUT IN 1973 HAS REVEALED THAT THERE IS NO ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION FOR AN INCREASE IN THE AXLE LOAD. THIS STUDY WAS UPDATED IN 1974 TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE CHANGES OCCURRING IN THE COST STRUCTURE RESULTING FROM THE ENERGY CRISIS, BUT THE CONCLUSIONS REMAIN THE SAME. IT IS ADVISABLE TO NOTE HOWEVER, THAT IN RHODESIA THE MAXIMUM GROSS WEIGHT OF A VEHICLE IS 55 TONNES; THE MAXIMUM LENGTH IS 22 M. THE LOW VOLUME OF TRAFFIC PERMITS SUCH LARGE DIMENSIONS, AND THESE IN TURN PERMIT A LARGE NUMBER OF AXLES, THE LOAD OF WHICH IS LIMITED TO 8.2 TONNES (SINGLE AXLE) AND 16 TONNES (TWIN AXLE). THE OBJECTIVE, WHICH IS THAT OF A SMALL LOAD PER AXLE, IS JUSTIFIED IN THIS STUDY. ALL THE COSTS ARE EXPRESSED IN U.S. DOLLARS AT A RATE OF 1.74 U.S. DOLLARS TO 1 RHODESIAN DOLLAR.


A labour law lecture on the role and functions of the Labour Court under the Zimbabwe constitution 's Labour Act.


This article aims to verify whether contextual theories affect TESOL teachers in Chinese local classrooms via observing three different English teachers'classroom behaviors by using qualitative method.The findings indicate that three major aspects usually affect English teachers:(1)The teacher's education context affects their TESOL classroom contexts;(2)The institution's requirements affect the teacher's classroom contexts;(3)The spirit of quality-oriented education from the New National Stan dards for English influences the classroom contexts,which have proved the context theories.


ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze economic growth, inflation, total populationand poverty levels against the Open Unemployment Rate (TOT) in 10 Central Java Province Districts for 2010-2017. The data of this study are secondary data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The data analysis tool of this research is panel data regression. The results of this study indicate that the total population and the level of poverty have a positive and significant effect on open unemployment, meaning that the higher the population and the level of poverty, the open unemployment rate in 10 regencies in Central Java will increase. While economic growth has a negative but not significant effect on Open Unemployment. These results indicate that the increase in economic growth was not able to cause an increase in open unemployment in 10 districts in Central Java which became the object of this research. Conversely, if there is a decline or a slowdown in economic growth, then this also will not cause a decrease in the number of open unemployment in the area. Inflation variables have a positive but not significant effect on Open Unemployment. These results indicate that the increase in the total population is not able to cause an increase in open unemployment in 10 districts in Central Java which is the object of this research. Conversely, if there is a decrease in inflation, then this also will not cause a decrease in the number of open unemployment in the area. Keyword: Economic Growth, Inflation, Total population, Poverty Leve l


The paper has analysed present situation of mining survey in our company,and submitted administrative train of thought on improvement of mining surveying techniques.


This paper presents how the CPU and GPU programs coordinate i th context of 3D map modeling for a mobile home service robot. In this study, the representatio n of the environment is given as point clouds, and each scan of point clouds is quite efficiently processed u ing the parallel processing capability of GPU. Then, the result is read back to CPU for incrementally constr ucting the map. Due to the coordination between the CPU and GPU, a 3D map can be built at real time. This paper pr esents the software architecture of the CPU-GPU coordination, the GPU algorithm, and its performan ce gain.