The invention discloses amphoteric polyacrylamide and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing acrylamide, an anionic monomer containing carboxyl and an anionic monomer of quaternary ammonium salts to prepare a mixed monomer solution A, with dosage of compositions in portion by weight being 55 to 75 portions of the acrylamide, 5 to 15 portions of the anionic monomer containing carboxyl, 20 to 30 portions of the anionic monomer of quaternary ammonium salts, and 82 to 112 portions of deionized water; mixing the mixed monomer solution A of 10 to 30 percent of total weight, an evocating agent solution B of 10 to 30 percent of the total weight, a dispersing medium, a reducing agent and water to react to obtain a dispersion stabilizer C, and adding the rest mixed monomer solution A and the evocating agent solution B into the dispersion stabilizer C to react to obtain the amphoteric polyacrylamide. The preparation method adopts an aqueous solution dispersion polymerization method, simplifies production process, reduces the production cost, can easily control the production process, is easy for implementation, improves the product quality, and reduces environmental pollution.


The "Excerpt from the Ephiphany Service" poses a different kind of question. The feast of the Epiphany, which is also the feast of the Three Kings, is one of the most important and joyous celebrations of the year. It is therefore puzzling that the excerpt is described as part of a penitential rite which I could not find in the Catholic Ephiphany service. These problems notwithstanding there is no doubt that sound documents such as these move us toward a better understanding of musical transplantation and its effect on musics that share a common origin.


The variable propeller pitch system is an important part of wind power unit,through the control of propeller pitch angle,the variable propeller pitch system makes the output power stable,the torque oscillation and cabin oscillation reduced,which not only optimizes the output power,but also reduces effectively the noise,stabilizes the output power of the generator,and improves the stress state of propeller blade and complete machine.The variable propeller pitch system is also the main brake system of the wind power unit,and in the case of voltage-loss of wind power unit,the safe and reliable halt depends on whether the variable propeller pitch cell is safe and stable or not.Therefore,the timely maintenance of the variable propeller pitch cell is an important measure for guaranteeing its stable working status and avoiding the galloping in the halt of power unit owing to the accident.


This report marks the completion of a research project to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the GO methodology, originally developed by Kaman Sciences Corporation, to assess the safety and availability of nuclear power plants. The technical approach was to develop limited scope and availability assessment models patterned after a nuclear power plant design similar to the Sequoyah Nuclear Plant Unit 1 and to demonstrate that these models could be quantified using hypothetical data for a partially complete list of risk and loss of productivity contributors. The basic capabilities of quantification of large plant level models and determination of contributors was demonstrated. Important insights about strengths, limitations, and ways to circumvent these limitations of the GO methodology in large, plant level applications were identified.


Estimates have global wetland area at roughly nine percent of Earth's total land area. Already wetland's global area has been halved by human activity. As wetlands provide environmental services such as water filtration and carbon sequestration they are of importance to the environment. Wetlands are very sensitive to disturbances; this creates a problem for conservation in the face of development. In Northeastern Minnesota mining in particular threatens wetlands. NorthMet, a copper-nickel mine proposed by Polymet and under review by the state of Minnesota, provides a model for examining wetland management, including potential damages, assessment of the damages, and mitigation of damage caused by mining to surrounding wetlands. Although wetland assessment is improving, because wetlands vary greatly, health indicators must be determined area-by-area. Mitigation techniques are improving, but cannot completely restore the function of a natural wetland. Future research is needed on wetland management to ultimately achieve responsible land use.


ABSTRACT Plasma and cervicovaginal secretion (CVS) samples were collected from 19 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected women on lopinavir- or indinavir-containing regimens. Lopinavir and indinavir were detectable in 29 and 93% of CVS samples, respectively, a finding that may be ascribed to these drugs' differences in protein binding and pKa. The relationship between lopinavir and indinavir pharmacodynamics and viral evolution in the female genital tract should be assessed over time.


Macromastia or mammary hypertrophy can be associated with breast, neck, and shoulder pain, although the greatest negative effect for teens is often


JPEG2000 whose core is EBCOT has many good characteristics in still image compression, but it's complex to construct and difficult to realize with hardware. However, the image compression algorithm based on SPIHT has near efficiency to EBCOT, and it's simpler to construct and easier to realize with hardware. Syncretizing SPIHT and JPEG2000, we get a still image compression plan with high compression ratio, which realizes lossy to lossless code stream and progressive still image coding. The plan makes a deep research on SPIHT and D(9,7) wavelet lifting scheme. Our plan can construct the system with the near performance of JPEG2000, which will have a good application future.


Objective To discuss the clinical prevention and treatment of aspiration pneumonopathy after radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods 15 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy were treated and nursed with routine methods. 3 cases of such diseases in Ⅰ~Ⅱ degree were controlled, 2 cases were detained gastric tube and 1 case was detained jejunal tube. The bronchoscope, tracheotomy with sac, permanent gastrectomy were performed in the patient with Ⅲ~Ⅳ degree. Results 15 cases were improved the hypoxia and reduced aspiration pneumonia. Conclusion The Ⅰ~Ⅱ degree aspiration pneumonopathy after radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma should be treated with conservative methods and the Ⅲ~Ⅳ degree patient should be treated with surgery methods for the chronic and intractable patient and the bronchoscope should be performed earlier before surgery for the acute and severe patients.


Sludge cake is a type of solid waste in pulp and paper mills which may harm the environment if disposed without treatment. Its proximate analysis (adb) are: ash 26.74%; volatile matter 59.09%; fixed carbon 11.04%; moisture 3.13%, while its ultimate analysis (adb) are: C 33.46%; H 4.5%; N 1.14%; S 0.35%; O 33.81%. Having a calorific value of 3000 cal/g (adb), sludge cake may be used as renewable fuel. Unfortunately it has a high water content, so reduction of water content become a main concern in utilizing sludge cake. A combination of mechanical dewatering and thermal drying has been considered for water removal with a minimum energy consumption. Moreover, the application of pressurized mechanical dewatering may also play a role in formation of briquettes.Experiments on mechanical dewatering and thermal drying were carried out using 50 g sludge cake with initial water content 73%. With a pressure of 400 kg/cm2 for compression, water content at the end of mechanical dewatering was 57%. This dewatered slugde was subsequently treated using thermal drying to a moisture content of 15%. Calculated total energy for this combination of mechanical dewatering and thermal drying was about 1080 J/g. This value was lower than the energy consumption of 1520 J/g required for direct thermal drying from its moisture content of 73% down to 15%. Experiments on the use of coal powder as compression aid were also trial to improve sludge dewaterability and briquettes calorific value. Mechanical dewatering of slugde with addition of 20%-w/w coal powder resulting a briquette with moisture content of 38% at compression pressure of 400 kg/cm2. The drying curves of briquette did not affected with its size if its diameter was less than 0.5 cm. Briquette with 1 cm thickness took significantly more time to remove its water content.


A book review in the Journal of Design History. This is an electronic version of an article published in Journal of Design History 2009 22(1):79-80.


The current status of lack of training talent on the engineering skills and professional quality in IT students, the paper discusses the necessity of reform of teaching practice, and constructs "A Major Line and Four Platform" integrated system for practical training, analyzes its basis of construction, connotation, features, discusses the exploration and the achievements of in practice, analyzes the difficulties and issues of exploration in the last.


The focus of the study reported in this article is the behavioural response of pupils with Asperger syndrome to light and sound intensity and the development of ways to help them to cope with such sensory stimuli. A number of practical ways of minimising the negative effects of various sensory stimuli are noted: (1) the establishment of 'a place of safety' for every pupil who needs it; (2) the necessity for pupils to have a clear understanding of the programme that has been designed for them; (3) the critical importance for staff of reflecting on the day that has passed in order to prepare effectively for the day that lies ahead; (4) the use of pictorial communication given the pupils' poor comprehension of the spoken word; and (5) the importance of a consistent and predictable approach to the pupil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


Stock price performance resulting from voluntary divestiture has been shown to vary depending upon the motivation for divestiture. In a previous study it was shown that voluntary divestiture motivations depend on the life-cycle stage of the divestor. The present study shows that stock price performance surrounding a divestiture announcement depends on the life-cycle stage of the divesting firm, with firms in the later life-cycle stages generally performing more poorly than firms in earlier life-cycle stages. No group was shown, however, to generate significant positive cumulative average residuals over the observation period when compared to an appropriately matched control group.


Theoretical calculations of the π-electron system of salicylaldehyde azine were performed by the Pople–Pariser–Parr method. Results are compared with experimental evidence and the parameters are critically analysed. The effect of ionization potentials and one electron two-centre integrals on the singlet–singlet π*â†�π transitions is discussed. A comment is made on the chelating properties of the system and on the extent of π-delocalization over the molecule.


The modelling of steady‐state natural and mixed convection in obstructed channels is presented. The two‐dimensional numerical analysis is carried out with a finite element thermally coupled incompressible flow formulation written in terms of the primitive variables of the problem and solved via a generalized streamline operator technique. Natural convection is studied in several vertical channel configurations for a wide range of Rayleigh numbers while mixed convection is analysed in a horizontal channel with a built‐in rectangular cylinder for different Reynolds and Grashof numbers. The results obtained in this work are validated with available experiments and other existing numerical solutions.


As the linguistic, cognitive and social elements of our lives are transformed by new and emerging technologies, educational settings are also challenged to respond to the issues that have arisen as a consequence. This book focuses on that challenge: using psychological theory as a lens to highlight the positive uses of new technologies in relationships and educational settings, and to advocate technological learning opportunities and social support where the misuse and abuse of ICT occurs.


The issue of the conservation status of Euphorbia glareosa Pall. ex Bieb. (Euphorbiaceae Juss.) on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan is considered in the article. In the second edition of the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan [2011] this species was included in the regional list of rare species that need biomonitoring – «List of objects of flora and fungi that are not included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan, but need special attention on the territory of the republic to their state in the natural environment and monitoring». The article provides the following information about the species: morphological description with an indication of the main diagnostic features; modern data on the distribution of the species in the republic; brief ecological and phytocenotic characteristics; features of biology (according to data from literature sources); modern data on the number and state of local population; limiting factors; adopted and recommended protection measures, data on the possibility of preserving the species in culture. On the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the species E. glareosa достоверно is known only from one point – the southern shore of Lake Aslikul in the Davlekanovsky district (the territory of the Asly-Kul natural park). In the republic, E. glareosa is a poorly studied species and is located at the edge of the range (at the eastern and northern limits of distribution). The known population is small 50-80 generative individuals). The population is subject to negative anthropogenic and natural influences. The species is poorly resistant to these influences. The species is on the verge of extinction. The data presented in the article fully justify the possibility of excluding the species Euphorbia glareosa Pall. ex Bieb. from the regional list of rare species «List of objects of flora and fungi that are not included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan, but need special attention on the territory of the republic to their state in the natural environment and monitoring» and including it in «List of objects of flora and fungi listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan» (third edition, 2021) (category and status: 1 – endangered species).


Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate serum hepcidin as a biomarker for neonatal sepsis. Background Neonatal sepsis is one of the most important neonatal disorders frequently associated with high rate of mortality and morbidity. Hepcidin is the key iron regulator; the clear link between hepcidin and innate immunity may be used for detection of sepsis. Patients and methods This case–control study was carried out in the NICU of Menoufia University Hospital from April 2015 to October 2016. It was conducted on 60 neonates: 40 neonates admitted in NICU as they were suspected for neonatal sepsis based on clinical and hematological scores and 20 healthy outpatient neonates served as a control group. The newborn infants were both full term and preterm, and their ages ranged from 1 to 28 days. An informed consent was taken from the parents before their enrollment in the study. We evaluate the serum hepcidin level as a biomarker for neonatal sepsis; we compared the results of serum hepcidin regarding blood culture and C-reactive protein (CRP) in case and control groups. All participants were subjected to history taking, thoroughly clinical examination, and laboratory investigations (complete blood count, CRP, blood culture, and micro-erythrocyte sedimentation rate), and we measured the serum level of hepcidin in septic and control groups. Results Serum levels of hepcidin were significantly higher in neonates with sepsis than in healthy neonates. Serum levels of hepcidin were significantly correlated with blood culture results and CRP levels. After antibiotic therapy, the serum level of hepcidin was significantly decreased as compared with its pretreatment level. Conclusion Hepcidin – the key iron regulatory hormone –is a promising acute-phase reactant that may be a useful adjunct test aiding in the evaluation of neonatal sepsis. Use of hepcidin includes in early-onset sepsis as well as late-onset sepsis, in both full-term and preterm neonates.


This paper deals with the anatomy of the skeletal system of Muraenesox cinereus. It shows quite a few characteristic features. The premaxillaries and the vomer are coalesced into a single dentigerous premaxillo-ethmo-vomer. The lateral ethmoids are not ossified and the frontals are fused. The basisphenoid, opisthotic, supra-orbital and the sub-orbital are absent. The anterior ends of the orbitosphenoids are fused into a small rod-like bone. The articular is fused with the angular, becoming the articulo-angular. The palatine is fused with the pterygoid, forming the palatoptery-goid. The hyomandibular and the quadrate are well developed, but the symplectic is absent. The lower and upper ribs and the upper intermuscular bones are present. The supra-temporal, post-temporal, post-cleithrum and the mesocoracoid are lacking. Vertebrae are numerous, 150-153 from five specimens. There are a scries of filamentous bones attached to the posterior margin of the prootic and the same structures are also seen to be attached to the lower part of the basioccipital and to the posterior part of the exoc-cipital. The superior end of the supra-deithrum is found not far from beneath the skin, never attached to the vertebral column, as described by C. T. Regan and . C. epr.


Gamma-rays resulting from 24 keV neutron capture on niobium are observed to confirm previously reported correlations from resonance capture at lower energies. The correlation coefficient with (d,p) stripping widths is about 0.5. (auth)


The lower deltaic area of Bangladesh is located on two active troughs, Faridpur Trough and Hatiya Trough. Although most of the Bengal Basin is slowly subsiding, the troughs are subsiding more rapidly. The area shows evidence of three different types of subsidence: tectonic, anthropogenic, and that resulting from the compaction of peat layer. Under natural conditions the subsidence of the area is compensated by sediment brought into the system by rivers, tides, and coastal currents. However, man‐made projects, especially the coastal embankment project and polder projects, are altering the sedimentation pattern of the area. Areas being protected by embankment and polders from salt water intrusion and flood water are receiving very little to no sediments from outside. In most of the lower deltic area, tidal processes play the most important role in sedimentation: The main objective of polder projects is to protect the project area from the intrusion of tidal water, which at the same time prevents sediments f...


The auther analyzed the teaching modes that have emerged in the physical education in colleges and universities in our country and concluded that each of the teaching modes has its own advantages and disad- vantages.However,from the point of view of the nurse of people,the teaching mode of club is the ideal one in colleges and universities currently,is the essential product of the reformation of physical education and is sure to be the leading mode in the physical education in colleges and universities in our country in the 21~(?) century.


EDTA is a powerful, cheap and widely-used chelating unit for a large range of metal ions. To link it covalently to other molecules, the formation of an amide bond using one of the carboxylates is an attractive and simple approach, even though it may compromise metal ion binding as one of the four carboxylate donors is lost. Here we undertake a quantitative study of the metal ion binding of two new mono-amide derivatives of EDTA, namely AmGly1 and AmPy1, featuring an additional coordinating carboxylate or pyridyl group in the amide, respectively. The compounds are conveniently synthesised through alkylation of the tris-t-butyl ester of ethylenediamine-triacetic acid with the appropriate α-chloroamide. The switch from carboxylate to amide is found to impact Fe3+ binding the most amongst the metal ions examined (Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Zn2+), with a drop in log K(ML) of around 10 units in aqueous solution. The affinities for the other metals are less severely affected. Nevertheless, at the physiologically relevant pH of 7.4, their ability to bind Fe3+ is only reduced by around 6 log units when pFe3+ is considered (where [L]:[Fe3+] = 10:1). AmGly1 forms a dinuclear Ca2+ complex which has been characterised crystallographically. It is a C2-symmetric 2:2 complex featuring a dicapped octahedral coordination geometry around Ca2+. In the crystal, the Ca2(AmGly1)2 units are linked via hydrated Na+ ions coordinated by a number of the oxygen atoms, including the pendent carboxylate.


This Study is 'Base Study For Sustainable Analysis Of Urban'. It made an analysis of Urban with consideration of physical models and Urban theory of sustainable urban form. That find out public traffic crossover through analysis public traffic system of Dea-jeon which based T.O.d and Frey's model in physical models of sustainable urban form, and Compact City Theory, and that gets at physical form of Dea-jeon city through the analysis about present condition of traffic and land use in around the public traffic crossover and present to implications.


The purpose of the investigation was to examine the relationship between lean body weight (LBW) and muscular strength in corregiate footbarl prayers. subjects were 2lz mares between the ages of 18 and zs years from rthaca correge and cornerl university. Each subject had LBW determined using a skyndex electronic body fat caLcurator programmed with the Jackson-porrock equation, p€rformed a bench press of between L and 10 repetitions, and perf ormed a para.lrer squat of between 1 and 10 repetitions. For both the bench press and squat, the number of repetitions was then used to carcurate an estimated 1-repeEition maximum (l-RM) for that lift. Pearson product-moment correrations were applied to LBW with.bench press and to LBW with squat for the total subject popuration and arso by praying position. Fisher z tests were p6rformed on each combination of two positions to determine if there were diffeiences among positions on the Pearson correrations between LBW and bench press and between LBW and squat. Resurts were statisticalry significant at the .01revel for the LBW-with-bench-press correration (r = .570) and LBW-with-squat correlation (r = .460). AII playing position subgroups had statistically significant LBW-with-bench-press correrations except the offensive linemen (g = .272) and the defensive backs (I = .2991. The LBW-with-squat correrations were statisticarry significant for all praying positions except the offensive rinemen (r =.075), defensive linemen (r =.065), and defensive backs (r = .4L21.. The resurts showed there was a statisticarly significant and positive rerationship between LBw muscular strength in college football players.


of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)—an occasion that was celebrated with events throughout the People's Republic of China (PRC). These initiatives foregrounded the role of the CCP in China's rejuvenation and coincided with a campaign within the Party to encourage the study of Party history with the aim of promoting the 'correct line' of history, as made clear by the publication of the new 'Brief History of the Chinese Communist Party and the 'Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party' in late 2021. This focus on history has come in the larger context of President Xi A sample of the contributions uploaded by students on the WeChat platform, combining the student's explanation of their family's Red Treasures and photos of the selected items.


In the last decades, the generation of 3D animations has proven to be a significant challenge and has limit commercial usage due to the high costs associated. Improvements in software motion capture system and calibration allow us to extract motion even from specific motion. This paper presents a fast and complete pipeline for capturing martial art movements.


Presently the disposal methods about Sludge are landfill, burning and agricultural ulitization. The former two methods, because of space and expensive cost are limited in using. sludge is rich in N, P, K and organic matter, it is the natural organic fertilizer. So sludge deposal combined with agricultural recycle treatment becomes the best choice. sludge agricultural disposal methods in China are:applying fertilizer directly, applying fertilizer after dried, sludge compost and sludge compounded bio-fertilizer. Because the first two kinds of methods can not get rid of the harmful substance in the sludge effectively, the last two kinds of methods are tested by scholars in fields. It indicates that it is a kind of very promising sludge recycle disposal method, but heavy metal ions are apt to accumulate in soil and plant. It is an important factor that affects sludge land utilization too. This paper has explained the current situation and future development trend in agricultural recycle treatment of sludge disposal in China.


The emerged Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) concept based on Cognitive Radio (CR) is a promising solution to overcome the problems related to frequency spectrum scarcity. In DSA/CR systems, the inactivity patterns of the licensed frequency channels are exploited in an opportunistic and non-interfering manner by unlicensed users. Therefore, the knowledge of the occupancy rate (i.e., duty cycle) of these licensed channels is crucial for boosting the performance of the DSA/CR system. For example, it can help to select the lowest occupied channel which can offer higher opportunistic spectrum to the unlicensed users. Channel Duty Cycle (DC) is a statistical parameter about the activity of the licensed channel in time- domain, which is initially unknown to the DSA/CR system but can be estimated from the outcomes of spectrum sensing. However, spectrum sensing is imperfect in practice due to sensing errors, which in turn will provide incorrect estimation of the channel DC. In this context, this work successfully finds a novel method to accurately estimate the channel DC even under Imperfect Spectrum Sensing (ISS) without requiring any prior knowledge about the licensed channel activity. This is achieved after accurately analysing the impact of ISS on the estimation of the statistical moment (mean) of the channel activity periods, for which a closed form expression is obtained as a function of the true mean, probability of errors and sensing period. The achieved mathematical expression helps to find a novel method to accurately estimate the true mean of the channel activity periods and subsequently the channel DC based on the outcomes of the ISS.


The coking waste water contains many organics,and most of them are nocuous.It is hard to treat effectively.So it is necessary to find an effective and environment-friendly treatment process.Phenol as the main organic in coking waster water was studied in continuous reactor with catalyst.And then the decomposition of COD and NH3-N with catalyst was investigated.


This article gives the detailed description of the operation principles effects and methods of the vibration aging lists its some empirical process parameters and illustrates its process with the example of the vibration aging of the front crossbeam of the vibrating road roller.


The average sizes L¯i, and their dispersion Wi along the i-th axis, of crystallites in powders are used to determine X-ray diffraction sizes, Di XRD, averaged over crystallite columns within the BWA method. Numerical calculations have been carried out for an orthorhombic lattice of crystallites, such as LiFePO4, NMC, having a Lamé's g-type superellipsoid shape. For lognormal distributions, the analytical expression for the normalized coefficient Kn has been found: Kn=Di XRD/L¯i=Kg,0+KgW2, where Kg,0 is a constant at W→0, Kg is a constant depending on the g -type shape. The dependences of Di XRD are also calculated for normal distribution. A fairly simple equation can be obtained as a result of analytical transformations in the framework of experimentally validated approximations. However, a simpler way is to carry out numerical computer calculations with subsequent approximation of the calculated curves. Using the obtained analytical expressions to control technologies from nuclear fuel to cathode materials will improve the efficiency of flexible energy network, especially storage in autonomous and standby power plants.


Abstract The four new transit light curves of WASP-12b are analyzed by using MCMC simulation so as to derive the system parameters. If the apsidal precession exists in the orbit of WASP-12b, according to the theory of Gimenez & Bastero (1995), the rate of precession is estimated as 0.0076 degrees per cycle in the case of orbit with an inclination of 90°.


The British pendulum tester is widely used for the measurement of friction characteristics of pavement surfaces. To better understand the complex interaction between the tester and test surface, finite element simulation is applied in this paper to perform detailed analyses of rubber-pavement contact. It offers a useful tool to analyze the test behavior of the British pendulum tester. A three-dimensional finite element model is used to determine not only the skid resistance value of a test surface, but also other contact information which cannot be easily measured experimentally. The findings suggest that the skid resistance measurement of a pavement material can be determined without having to physically perform the British pendulum test. Experimental tests were carried out to verify the results obtained from the model.


. The relevance of the article consists in the fact that taking into account modern global economic changes and the specialization of the Russian economy, it (the economy) is searching for ways to integrate optimally into the international division of labor; at the same time, cooperation with China becomes


Objective
To investigate the effect of different incisions on the dry eye after phacoemulsification.

Methods
Tear film was monitored in 146 cases (160 eyes) after phacoemulsification. Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of incision: group A (72 cases, 80 eyes) with a sclerotic tunnel incision and group B (74 cases, 80 eyes) with a clear corneal incision. Symptoms of dry eye, break-up time (BUT), cornea fluorescein staining (FL) and schirmer I test (SIt) were observed preoperatively and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively.

Results
For groups A and B, the dry eye symptom and FL scores were increased and the BUT reduced 1 day and 1 week postoperatively. And all the differences were statistically significant (P 0.05). In addition, group B showed more distinct changes in eye symptom, BUT and FL scores compared to groups A 1 day and 1 week postoperatively. And all the differences were statistically significant (P 0.05). After the operation, both groups had elevated SIT with statistical significance at all the four time points mentioned above (P 0.05).

Conclusions
The scleral tunnel and clear corneal incisions from phacoemulsification may cause dry eye syndrome in the early stage of postoperatively. Particularly, the clear corneal incisions can induce severer syndrome than the scleral tunnel incisions.

Key words:
Phacoemulsification; Scleral tunnel incision; Clear corneal incision; Dry eye


Objective To discover the change of the bacterial flora in the vagina after puerperium and it's related factors.Methods 304 women who labored in our hospital from January 2009 to November 2009 were included in this study,among them 186 were cesarean delivery(CS) and 118 cases were vaginal delivery.We examined their vaginal secretion by microscopy,germiculture,BV test and pH value.Information of sex hormone,diet,exercise out of the bed and the time of lochia disappearing in puerperium were recorded.Results The time of bloody lochia was(31.95±8.63)d in cesarean section group and and(31.60±9.15)d in vaginal delivery group(P0.05),The ecological conditions appeared to be unbalanced,the pH value increased and the positive rate of BV test raised and there had no significant difference between the two groups.The positive rate of BV test in those with abnormal pH value was much higher than that with normal pH value(P0.01).Conclusion The vaginal ecological condition is badly unbalanced during the period of puerperium with a high incidence of BV but has no correlation with the mode of delivery.


Huozhe,novel of YuHua, told a story in which the life kept the comfortable appearance between the misery and disaster. It had broken and reconstructed his former artistic text. In the same time, Huozhe was a marking in which the vanguard literature of the end of 20th century started transforming under the new history environment.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we develop a Bayesian estimation procedure for semiparametric models under shape constrains. The approach uses a hierarchical Bayes framework and characterizations of shape-constrained B-splines. We employ Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for model fitting, using a truncated normal distribution as the prior for the coefficients of basis functions to ensure the desired shape constraints. The small sample properties of the function estimators are provided via simulation and compared with existing methods. A real data analysis is conducted to illustrate the application of the proposed method.


Synthesis pAlkoxyacetophenones, and the corresponding carbinols, undergo metalammonia reductions of the ring with slight, or no, loss of the side-chain oxygen by hydrogenolysis, e.g.3 I t has also been briefly noted4 that p-alkylacetophenones can be reduced in the ring with some, but incomplete, loss of the side-chain oxygen. Reduction of (111) gave (IV) (80%) and (V) (20%), the structures being supported by the p.m.r, spectrum, and the proportions by g.1.c. analysis. Attempted Oppenauer oxidation of the carbinol to the ketone resulted in production of $-methylacetophenone, but carefully controlled oxidation with chromium trioxide in acetone under nitrogen gave a mixture of (VI) and (VII), as shown by spectra (A,,, 250, 280 mp ( e 3800, 9200) ; v, 1670, 1640, 1620 om-l) and by g.1.c. analysis. Reaction with sodium methoxide in methanol converted the mixture into (VII), slightly contaminated (5%) with 4-methylacetophenone. The structure of (VII) was based on analysis and spectra [A, 285 mp (E 10850), cr,P,y,6-unsaturated system; v, 1665, 1635, 1610 cm-l; 7 4.85 (d, lH) , 5.1 (m, lH) , 7.8 (m, 4H), 8.0 (s, 3H), 8.2 (s, 3H)], and was further confirmed by an alternative synthesis. 4-Methylcyclohex-3-enone (VIII) was treated with acetone cyanohydrin and base to give the cyanohydrin (IX) which was dehydrated to a mixture of (X) and (XI). The nature of the mixture was again based on spectra. Reaction of this mixture with methylmagnesium iodide gave (VII) in 65% yield, identical with that obtained previously. Reaction of (VII) with methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide under Wittig conditions gave a mixture of (I) and (11) andp-cymene. The major product (I) (70%) was separated by preparative g.1.c. and identified as p-mentha-l,3,8-triene; its spectra correspond to those reported for the natural p r ~ d u c t . ~


Abstract— In vitro photodynamic treatment of YAC‐1 murine T‐lymphoma cells with the hematoporphyrin derivative Photosan 3 and red light resulted in dose‐dependent phototoxicity. Photodynamic pretreatment, however, did not render these cells more susceptible to macrophage‐me‐diated tumor cytotoxicity or the cytotoxic effects of mac‐rophage‐derived antitumor mediators like tumor necrosis factor aL (TNF‐aL) or interferon bT (IFN‐bT). Independent of the degree of photosensitization used, the cytotoxicity values obtained with macrophages or the different mediators were shifted by the respective values for phototoxicity, suggesting these effects to be additive and thus not interdependent. These data show that while higher overall tumor cytotoxicity can be achieved by a combination of photodynamic treatment and macro‐phage‐mediated tumor destruction, this apparently is not a result of enhanced sensitivity of photodynamically treated tumor cells to macrophage antitumor mechanisms in general


Continuous beliefs in traditional bone setters (TBS) and traditional healers remain rife in the sub-Saharan African 1 . The morbidity, mortality and financial loss resulting from patient management by this sect of health providers are still a burden in our society. Atlanto-axial joint is the most complex joint of the body. Approximately 55% of the entire rotation of the cervical spine takes place at this joint 2 . This joint is kept stable only by its capsule and ligaments, hence the possibility of dislocation. Any injury in this region is associated with potentially catastrophic neurological complications. We report a case of severe upper cervical spinal cord compression resulting from a mismanaged atlanto-axial disruption by a TBS.


Abstract The problem of scheduling in flowshop and flowline-based manufacturing cell is considered with the bicriteria of minimizing makespan and total flowtime of jobs, The formulation of the scheduling problems for both the flowshop and the flowline-based manufacturing cell is first discussed. We then present the development of the proposed heuristic for flowshop scheduling. A heuristic preference relation is developed as the basis for the heuristic so that only the potential job interchanges are checked for possible improvement with respect to bicriteria, The proposed heuristic algorithm as well as the existing heuristic are evaluated in a large number of randomly generated large-sized flowshop problems. We also investigate the effectiveness of these heuristics with respect to the objective of minimizing total machine idletime. We then modify the proposed heuristic for scheduling in a cell, and evaluate its performance.


A colloidal mixture of nanometer-sized (<100 nm) metallic and non-metallic particles in conventional cutting fluid is called nanofluid. Nanofluids are considered to be potential heat transfer fluids because of their superior thermal and tribological properties. Therefore, nano-enhanced cutting fluids have recently attracted the attention of researchers. This paper presents a summary of some important published research works on the application of nanofluid in different machining processes: milling, drilling, grinding, and turning. Further, this review article not only discusses the influence of different types of nanofluids on machining performance in various machining processes but also unfolds other factors affecting machining performance. These other factors include nanoparticle size, its concentration in base fluid, lubrication mode (minimum quantity lubrication and flood), fluid spraying nozzle orientation, spray distance, and air pressure. From literature review, it has been found that in nanofluid machining, higher nanoparticle concentration yields better surface finish and more lubrication due to direct effect (rolling/sliding/filming) and surface enhancement effect (mending and polishing) of nanoparticles compared to dry machining and conventional cutting fluid machining. Furthermore, nanofluid also reduces the cutting force, power consumption, tool wear, nodal temperature, and friction coefficient. Authors have also identified the research gaps for further research.


In this paper the influence of the volume discharge of nanosecond duration formed in a non-uniform electric field at atmospheric pressure on samples of CdHgTe (MCT) epitaxial films of p-type conductivity is investigated. Measurements of electro-physical parameters of MCT samples after irradiation have shown that a layer exhibiting n-type conductivity is formed in the near-surface area of epitaxial films. After more than 600 pulses of influence parameters and thickness of the resulting n-layer is such that the measured field dependence of Hall coefficient corresponds to the material of n-type conductivity. The obtained results show that application of volume nanosecond discharge in air at atmospheric pressure is promising for the modification of the surface properties of epitaxial films of MCT.


Smoking behavior can be classified as the c a use of danger deaseas, both for smokers and for others around them. Smoking is shown to be associated with 25 types of disease that is deadly dangerous, such as lung cancer and coronary heart disease. Every year, deaths caused by smoking increas, but the number of smokers also increases. However, the beginning of a person's age smoking is getting younger. Teenagers reach a high figure as the beginning of a person's age smoking. The reasons for teenagers to smoke tend to be psychosocial. Researcher want s to know what factors play a role in smoking behavior in adolescents. The research method used is descriptive research, that aims to obtain an overview of the factors that play a role in smoking behavior in adolescents . The characteristics of samples: 11-18 years old, still smoking at the time of data retrieval. A measuring tool used is based on the concept of adolescent development from Hurlock. Obtained result is the most instrumental factor is the environment or context of the adolescent. 48% of respondents stating that, with 24% seeing friends smoke, 10.7% see the smoking behavior of parents (father) and 6.6% see the smoking behavior of siblings. Second is the teenagers ' desire to know the taste of cigarettes (28%). Then 13.3% of respondents said the affective factor of cigarette smoking plays a role in their behavior. Next is a factor of image formation (10.7%), with 8% of respondents who felt a mature image and show maturity by smoking. At the age of early adolescence (11-15 years) who were most responsible factor is to know the taste of cigarettes while in the middle adolescents (15-18 years) the most dominant factor is to see a friend smoking.


At present, it is key reason for not getting final success of state-owned enterprise that prompting and restriction of owner and operator for state-owned assets have not been settled. We can finish state-owned enterprise reform successfully when we wipe out the obstacle of state-owned enterprise reform, namely, settle indistinction of state-owned enterprise property and owner issue, and adjust inconsequence of state-owned asset structure.


In the current situation of the industry, high numbers of prospects are being considered as not economical to develop due to various factors including low reserves, high complexity and stranded locations with no suitable host facility to tie-in to nearby.
 This paper will discuss how the utilization of direct-hydraulic subsea control technology, when coupled with shallow water tree technology, can be deployed to enable technically and commercially viable solutions for marginal shallow water fields.

 Under these circumstances, direct hydraulic technology has a number of advantages over traditional EH-MUX control systems, such that direct hydraulics can enable the development of fields which would otherwise be uneconomical.
 These advantages include –

 By using Direct Hydraulic technology, the project was able to achieve a commercially attractive and technically fit-for-purpose design, leading to successful project sanction (the first such project in Malaysian waters), and opening the door for similar future developments to follow.

 This paper will present information and methods that will be of benefit to other Operators in the subsea industry who are seeking to unlock reserves that are currently in marginal fields and would be uneconomical to develop using other methods. The benefits that can be gained are both in terms of proof of concept using off-the-shelf designs, and opening up otherwise uneconomical fields for development. In this particular case, the project opens up a further 6 new fields which were previously considered uneconomic to develop.


Most studies examining the stability and change of patterns in biological coordination have fo- cused on identifying generic bifurcation mechanisms in an already active set of components (see Kelso 1994). A less well understood phenomenon is the process by which previously quiescent degrees of freedom (df ) are spontaneously recruited and active df suppressed. To examine such behavior, in part I we study a single limb system composed of three joints (wrist, elbow, and shoul- der) performing the kinematically redundant task of trac- ing a sequence of two-dimensional arcs of monotonically varying curvature, i. Arcs were displayed on a computer screen in a decreasing and increasing i sequence, and subjects rhythmically traced the arcs with the right hand in the sagittal plane at a fixed frequency (1.0 Hz), with motion restricted to flexion-extension of the wrist, elbow, and shoulder. Only a few coordinative patterns among the three joints were stably produced, e.g., in-phase (flexion-extension of one joint coordinated with flexion- extension of another joint) and antiphase (flexion-exten- sion coordinated with extension-flexion). As i was systematically increased and decreased, switching be- tween relative phase patterns was observed around criti- cal curvature values, i # . A serendipitous finding was a strong 2:1 frequency ratio between the shoulder and elbow that occurred across all curvature values for some subjects, regardless of the wrist-elbow relative phase pat- tern. Transitions from 1:1 to 2:1 frequency entrainment and vice versa were also observed. The results indicate that both amplitude modulation and relative phase change are utilized to stabilize the end-e⁄ector trajectory. In part II, a theoretical model is derived from three coupled nonlinear oscillators, in which the relative phases (/) between the components and the relative joint amplitudes (o) are treated as collective variables with arc curvature as a control parameter.


1279 standard. Systematic error is a significant mean difference, which can be due to overes-timation or underestimation with the method under investigation. Measurement variability is defined as the SD of the mean difference. A method can be highly accurate but have great measurement variability, and vice versa. Lesion size is best defined as the single largest diameter of the polyp head, excluding the stalk. It is usually measured on 2D refor-matted images or in endoluminal 3D display [5–7]. In either case, significant measurement variability contingent on the observer's experience and the viewing display used has been reported [6]. Automated techniques have been introduced to enhance the measurement reliability [8, 9]. It has been reported [10] that automated and manual 3D measurements are more accurate than manual 2D measurement of polyps in a human colectomy specimen. The measurements were done on a resected C T colonography is a minimally invasive procedure advocated for the detection of colorectal cancer and polyps [1]. The size of a detected polyp is of primary importance for diagnosis and decision making because size is related to the risk of malignancy [2]. Accordingly , it has been proposed that polyps with a diameter smaller than 6 mm require no further action, whereas polyps 10 mm or larger should be removed with colonoscopy [3, 4]. There is debate over the need for polypectomy for 6-to 9-mm polyps. Surveillance for growth with CT colonography has been suggested as a safe alternative [3]. A reliable measurement technique is needed in this scenario. Our focus is on accuracy and measurement variability. Accuracy is defined as the mean difference between the measurement obtained with the method under investigation and that obtained with the reference OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and measurement variability of automated lesion measurement on CT colonography in comparison with manual 2D and 3D techniques under varying scanning conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included phantoms (23 phantom objects) and patients (16 polyps). Measurement with sliding calipers served as the reference for the phantom data. The mean of two independent colonoscopic measurements was the reference for the polyps. The automated measurement was developed for a computer-aided detection scheme, and the size of any detected object was obtained from measurement of its largest diameter. The automated measurement was compared with manual 2D and 3D measurements by two experienced observers. RESULTS. For phantom data, the measurement …


Bachelor thesis is focused on favorite educational activities of children in nursery school. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part you can find two chapters, the first chapter explains the nursery school and describes the characteristic of development of preschool children. The second chapter describes an overview of educational activities in nursery school. The practical part describes qualitatively oriented research that is focused on finding favorite educational activities of children in nursery school.


This paper presents a mathematical model, which examines how the effect of monetary policy on supply of bank loans depends on currency mismatches in banks' balance sheets. The model explores bank lending channel would be operative when banks, with a low risk perception, finance government through securities by their foreign denominated sources of borrowing, which results in currency risk. In this sense, the importance of the quali ty of banks' external finance that are supposed to replace lost deposits are also emphasized. In order to highlight these implications of the model for Turkey before the crises in 2000-2001, these assumptions, in particular, are discussed throughout the paper. Özet: %DQNDODUÕQ .XU 5LVNOHULQLQ .UHGL $U]ODUÕ h]HULQGHNL (WNLVL Matematiksel Bir Model Bu makale, para polLWLNDODUÕQÕQ EDQND NUHGL DU]ÕQD RODQ HWNLOHULQLQ EDQNDODUÕQ ELODQoRODUÕQGDNL SDUD FLQVL X\XPVX]OX÷XQD QH úHNLOGH ED÷OÕ EXOXQGX÷XQX LQFHOH\HQ ELU PDWHPDWLNVHO PRGHO VXQPDNWDGÕU 0RGHO ]D\ÕI ELU ULVN DOJÕODPDVÕQD VDKLS EDQNDODUÕQ NXU ULVNLQH QHGHQ RODQ \DEDQFÕ SDUD FLQVLQGHQ HGLQLOHQ GÕú ND\QDNODU LOH NDPX NHVLPLQL PHQNXO GH÷HUOHU DOÕPÕ \ROX\OD ILQDQVH HWPHVL GXUXPXQGD EDQND |GQo YHUPH NDQDOÕQÕQ LúOHUOLN ND]DQDELOHFH÷LQL RUWD\D oÕNDUPDNWDGÕU %X ED÷ODPGD PHYGXDWODUGDNL D]DOPDQÕQ \HULQH JHoPHVL JHUHNHQ EDQNDODUÕQ GÕú ND\QDNODUÕQÕQ |QHPL GH YXUJXODQPDNWDGÕU %X YDUVD\ÕPODU modelin, özell ikle 2000-2001 krizleri |QFHVL 7UNL\H LoLQ X\JXODPDODUÕQÕQ |QHPLQL YXUJXODPDN LoLQ oDOÕúPDQÕQ WP DúDPDODUÕQGD WDUWÕúÕOPÕúWÕU * I am very grateful to Professor Will em H. Thorbecke at George Mason University for providing his helpful comments.


The concept and application of peel_off protective coating were introduced in the paper. The main point of this paper is on the study of preparation of the peel_off protective coating, which was made with polymer emulsion and other additives. The problems arising from the experiment of the preparation were also analyzed and dicussed.


This is a follow-up research on the implementation of the school-building safety policies in China after Wenchuan earthquake.It is clear that some achievements have been obtained in this aspect which find expression in the following: 1.The new policy reveals a respect for life and a pursuit of a harmonious society.2.There is a clear goal for improving the integrated anti-disaster ability.3.The new policy is more fair.4.There is some progress in organization and institutional innovation.However,there are still some challenges as follows: poor channels for information,unpredictable accidents and better future planning.It is suggested that there should be better information channels,more severe punishment for the violence of the rules,better popularization of the good experience and a long-term mechanism for school-building safety.


objective To Study whether patients suffering from glioma have some special behaviour patten.Methods 30 glioma patients were examined by asking them to answer the questionnaire of Type C behaviour pattern.The control group were also examined in the same way.The result of the examination were conted and analyzed.Results There are notable differences between the glioma group and the control group in the following aspects:Anxiety,depression,anger,reason,mood control optimism and social support.Conclusion Glioma patients have outstanding Type C behaviour characteristics.


Fish culture is a rapidly growing industry. Even faster growth can be expected if we have better control over reproduction, seed storage, growth, and diseases. Despite an availability of a variety of substances with the potential to allow control over processes that facilitate sexual differentiation, preservation of embryos, reproduction, and disease prevention, there is no reliable and efficient method to deliver these substances. Novel techniques such as ultrasound have shown to enhance transport of substances through the skin of both, mammals and fish. This paper summarizes results of some of our original studies to deliver calcein into fish larvae for marking and quantification, to enhance delivery of androgen for sex reversal of tilapia and to enhance permeation of cryoprotectants into embryos for cryopreservation using cavitation level ultrasound.


Calculated and measured elastic surface-wave velocities are reported for α-quartz, CdS, GaAs, InSb, Ge, Si, Te, YIG (yttrium iron garnet), LiNbO 3 , ZnO, and PZT-4 (lead zirconate titanate).


The priority principle of storage allocation rules of serial cascade
reservoirs within an inter-basin water supply can reduce water loss and
reduce water supply times. Reasonable balancing curves for reservoirs in
parallel are proposed and the proportional distribution of water is
determined to illustrate the optimal allocation rule for different
scheduling periods of reservoirs. The mutation point and slope are used
to describe the segmentation of reservoirs in parallel. In addition, the
optimization model is established with the objective function to
minimize times of water shortage while the particle swarm optimization
algorithm based on the immune evolutionary algorithm is applied to
calibrate the balancing curves. Finally, the relative optimal water
supply rule is obtained, providing a larger water supply capacity and
higher storage synchronization of member reservoirs. The reservoir
groups downstream of Luan River are used as an example, with the results
showing that the suggested method can effectively improve the
operational performance and meet shared water demands in an inter-basin
multi-reservoir. This article highlights the superior results obtained
compared to the current storage allocation rules to meet shared water
demands.


Effects on recreation benefits were assessed using ques- tionnaires and image sets depicting visitor density ranges and anthropogenic setting changes at two heavily-visited wilderness sites. Visitor benefits were less affected by high visitor densities at the more accessible of the two sites. New age medicine wheels had a positive effect on visitor benefits, as did trail revegetation. Al- though wilderness visitor density guidelines are frequently ex- ceeded at both sites, wilderness designation is defended as accept- able, because frontcountry wilderness borders buffer less accessible backcountry areas from excessive impacts, and provide inexperi- enced and casual visitors with non-mechanized recreation experi- ence opportunities, and exposure to wilderness.


ABSTRACT Extensive experimentation was conducted on oil evaporation. The results of the regulation nature of oil evaporation experiments, show that oil is not strictly boundary-layer regulated specifically: (1) the evaporation rate of several oils with increasing wind speed shows that, unlike water, the evaporation rate does not change significantly except for the initial step over 0-level wind; (2) increasing area does not significantly change oil evaporation rate; (3) decreasing thickness does not increase oil evaporation rate; (4) the volume or mass of oil evaporating correlates with the evaporation rate; (5) evaporation of pure hydrocarbons with and without wind (turbulence) shows that compounds larger than nonane and decane are not boundary-layer regulated. The fact that oil evaporation is not strictly boundary-layer regulated implies a simplistic evaporation equation will suffice to describe the process. A simple equation of the form, evaporation = constant × logarithm of time, is sufficient to desc...


There are some studies about a negotiation procedure between a supplier and a retailer in a supply chain model with a buyback contract. The negotiation procedure in the above studies consists of three successive steps. Through the three successive steps, several candidates for the bargaining solution have been screened step by step, and eventually, the bargaining solution has been uniquely decided. However, the preceding studies of the negotiation procedure have not given a full explanation of the mathematical signification to each role that first and second steps perform on the bargaining solution obtained at third step. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify each role of first and second steps in the negotiation procedure of the preceding studies. Specifically, based on the property of Hessian matrix, we have reconsidered the roles of first and second steps to the global optimality of the bargaining solution obtained at third step.


Methotrexate (MTX) is an antifolate drug used for several diseases. Depending on the disease, MTX can be administered at low dose (LDMTX) in some autoimmune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis, or at high dose (HDMTX) in some cancers, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia. After absorption, MTX is metabolized in the liver to 7-hydroxymethotrexate and in the intestine to 2,4-diamino-N10-methylpteroic acid (DAMPA). Moreover, inside red blood cells, MTX is converted to active metabolites, MTX polyglutamates (MTXPGs), contributing to its pharmacodynamics. Owing to its narrow therapeutic range, and inter- and intra-patient variability, either noneffectiveness and/or toxicity may occur. Because of the existence of a relationship between drug therapeutic outcome and its systemic concentration, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may ensure the effectiveness and safety of MTX use. In order to monitor the optimization of patient clinical response profile, several analytical methods have been described for TDM in biological samples. These include liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with ultraviolet detection, fluorescence detection or mass spectrometry, each one presenting advantages and drawbacks. This paper reviews the most commonly used techniques for sample preparation and critically discusses the current LC methods applied for the TDM of MTX in biological samples, at LDMTX and HDMTX.


We apply the Child-Langmuir asymptotics of the Vlasov-Poisson system to the case of a bipolar diode, i.e. a vacuum diode where two species of particles of opposite electric charge are flowing. This leads to a simplified model which, if at least one of the two injected currents is not too large, has a unique solution. Moreover, in that case, the currents flowing inside the diode are limited by the so-called bipolar Child-Langmuir currents. In the case of large currents. other solutions may appear, and the formation of virtual electrodes may occur inside the diode.


PETER NOYES, MD: * The case for discussion today is that of a 24-year-old white man who presented with a stab wound of the abdomen. On initial examination, the patient appeared otherwise healthy and seemed to have minimal abdominal pain. There was a single 2 cm laceration of the right lower abdominal quadrant midway between the pubis and the umbilicus along the lateral border of the rectus muscle. There was some right lower quadrant abdominal tenderness. The blood pressure was 130/70 and pulse 80. The hematocrit was 43, and leukocyte count 10,300 with a normal differential. Venous lines, one of which was a central venous pressure line, were placed in each upper extremity. Administration of Ringer's lactate was started and a Foley catheter was inserted. The patient's condition remained stable and he was taken to the operating room one hour later. The abdomen was explored through a long midline incision. Approximately 400 ml of blood was noted to be present within the peritoneal cavity. After thorough exploration, two 1 cm longitudinal wounds of a loop of midjejunum and a 2 cm laceration of the mesentery were discovered. In addition, there was an 8 cm hematoma of the mesentery opposite another bowel laceration 20 cm distal to the first area of injury. Two proximal bowel lacerations were closed using interrupted


A im of this paper understanding the effect of Unsteady MHD boundary layer flow past a stretching plate and heat transfer. The nonlinear partial differential equations were transformed and the resulting ordinary differential equations. The exact solution of these equation obtained by using the symbolic software MATLAB. The effects of various parameters as temperature and velocity are presented and discussed using tables and graphs.


The review surveys data on the use of the ozonolysis of cyclic and acyclic monoenes, dienes, and trienes in various stages of the total synthesis of insect pheromones and juvenoids. The bibliography includes 178 references.


Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that causes dyspnea and affects middle‐aged women of White race and non‐Latino or Hispanic ethnicity. To better characterize its phenotype and pathogenesis, we assessed the proteomic and genomic methylation signatures of subglottic tissue collected from iSGS patients compared to controls.


In this paper, a methodology to quickly estimate robustness of circuits is proposed and a layout oriented SPICE simulation has been used to analyze the radiation tolerance of various flip-flops in 90nm BCD technology. The proposed methodology considers nearby sensitive nodes which also partic-ipate in charge collection mechanism along with the main victim node. The radiation modelling has been further improved by including incident angle of the radiation for varying its linear energy of transfer. We demonstrated that the distance between two nearby nodes affects the critical charge required for data flipping. Also, the tool identifies location of nodes at which particle strike can lead to data flip. The proposed method enables fast iterative design of layouts of critical storage elements. Finally, we design multiple flip-flops and compare them on the basis of their robustness, power dissipation, propagation delay, and area to select an application domain for each flip-flop.


Abstract This study was designed to test the hypothesis that size judgments may be substituted for shape judgments. Observers matched the horizontal widths of two ellipses, one wider and one narrower than a circle, by setting markers on a horizontal rod, after seeing each ellipse for 0·5 or 1·0 second in a dark room. Widths were overestimated when the ellipses were in the fronto-parallel plane; as the ellipses were slanted on their vertical axes the estimates became progressively narrower, the effect being greater for the wide ellipse. There was no difference between exposure times.


Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the consumer perception towards organic foods in the Saudi market and to scrutinize factors influencing the purchasing decision. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, between February 2020 and May 2020. Methodology: We included 406 Saudi adults from both genders. A valid and reliable questionnaire was distributed in different regions. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software. Results: Results showed that 71.40% of participants consume organic foods with insignificant differences among regions, genders, education levels or health status. Participants above 50 years old reported significantly higher consumption (p<0.05). Moreover, 87% of the participants who were not purchasing organic foods showed future eagerness to buy these foods and were willing to pay up to 100% price increase. The major drives to buy or consume organic foods were consumers' health perception (43.86%), nutritive primacy (22.35%), sensory attributes (12.69%) Original Research Article Khattab et al.; EJNFS, 12(10): 112-124, 2020; Article no.EJNFS.62775 113 and environmental friendly characteristics (6.66%) of these foods. The major limiting factors, however, were the higher prices (50%) and limited availability (30%). Conclusion: Saudi consumers are knowledgeable about organic foods and are keen to include them in their shopping lists. Organic farming should be encouraged for an adequate availability and reasonable prices of such foods in the local markets.


T. SHINODA, D. KUSUDA, Y. ISHIDA, N. IKEDA, K. KANEKO, O. MASUDA AND N. YAMAMOTO. 2001. A strain of Lactobacillus helveticus carrying the cryptic plasmid pCP53 was used for a detailed analysis of the survival and persistence of this organism in the faeces of volunteers administered oral doses of the strain. The CP53 strain had high affinity for Caco‐2 cells, but displayed low bile acid resistance in vitro. Rifampicin‐resistant colonies could be reisolated from the faeces of four of seven subjects fed with the rifampicin‐resistant CP53 derivative strain. Moreover, the recovery of cells, as estimated by plasmid analysis, was higher than that estimated by measuring the number of rifampicin‐resistant cells. From these results, we conclude that the CP53 strain can survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract.


The Guardian's health correspondent, stated on 27th March; 'The government's unlikely embrace of minimum per-unit pricing of alcohol last week was the biggest moment for public health since Labour agreed in 2006 to ban smoking in public places' (Campbell, 2012). He praised the Prime Minister for being bold; 'He has also ignored the opposition of his health secretary'. Such fulsome praise is unusual from the Guardian newspaper. A few weeks previously the Scottish Parliament passed the first stage of a Bill to introduce minimum unit pricing (MUP) by a majority of 86 to none with 32 abstentions (Minimum Pricing (Scotland) Bill, 2012). No specific MUP has yet been proposed by either Government but in England and Wales 40p has been mentioned and in Scotland 45p with a promise that a definite level will be set before the second phase of the Scottish Bill is presented. At the final debate on the Bill the level was set and accepted at 50pence MUP (Minimum Pricing; Scotland Act 2012). In both circumstances Public Health interests favour a higher level to maximize the health benefits whilst maintaining proportionality. Scotland is likely to have a Law on minimum pricing enacted by the end of the year. It is encouraging to see Scotland, Northern Ireland, England and Wales all moving in comparable directions. There would be benefits for all if the MUP was identical and England where implementation will be later followed whatever Scotland introduced. It would seem unwise for Scotland to delay until a UK level was agreed. It is also encouraging that the English strategy like Scotland's does not seem to envisage effective challenges in introducing this from the point of view of European laws. Irrespective of the levels finally agreed it would be essential that both Acts contain a mechanism for regular, for instance annual, review to bring MUP in to line with changes in the economy. Without 'future proofing' measures of this kind quickly lose their effect unless they keep pace with changes in the cost of living and inflation. Both Governments have struggled with the problem of a potential windfall coming to supermarkets. Scotland has already introduced a special health levy on larger retailers that should go some way to offset this concern. However we should be clear that MUP is being introduced primarily in the interests of health and welfare.


The article deals with the issue of alternating irradiator installation for growing plants in protected soil. The point of the method of illuminative installation consists in periodical influence of relatively high irradiance upon plants against a background of constant influence of relatively low one. It reduces plant radiation irregularity, improves the quality of agricultural products and cuts down energy-output ratio of growing processes.


The authors report a case of leiomyosarcoma of the cecum and review all the Italian reports of mesenchymal neoplasms registered in the RMS-Italy register. They emphasize the extreme rarity of intestinal leiomyosarcoma, especially with colon involvement: their case appears to be the only one registered in Italy in the last 12 years.


We find that positively charged polypeptide: poly-L-arginine (poly(Arg)) can translocate through the negatively charged liposome membranes in Tris-HCl buffer but cannot translocate in phosphate buffer. We also investigated the translocation ability of positively charged poly(Arg) through a mechanism involving poly(Arg) - lipid interactions in a model lipid membrane system under various buffer conditions. It was concluded that the secondary structure of poly(Arg) had the dominant effect on its transportability through the membrane.


This paper presents a kind of pilgrimage which is different from the idea of the conventional pilgrimage, namely the pilgrimage of so-called pilgrimage bikers. The author views the pilgrimage of pilgrimage bikers as a making of a rhythmic ritual. In biker culture, issues of death and risk are present, why blessing the biker and the vehicle emerges as an important ritual.


In the new era of globally dispersed operations, increasing travel costs, and the ever-growing need for real-time decision-making, or ganizations should look for new, immersive technologies for distance collaboration. Virtual en vironments can provide flexible, cost-effective, and efficient ways for distributed team members, partners, and customers to con nect just as they would in the real world.


103 hypercapnic COPD may reduce 1-year mortality to 12%. The discrepancy in survival between those studies should warrant a post hoc analysis of the study database. Third, regarding NIV modalities and complications reported, the authors used various types of ventilation during the study. In our opinion, it would be important to report whether there were any differences in treatment success rates (death-to-survival ratio) between different types of ventilation: pressure support ventilation (497, 45.6%), bilevel positive airway pressure–spontaneous/timed (421, 38.6%), assisted pressure-control ventilation (89, 8.2%), and average volume assured pressure support (82, 97.6%).3 As common complications, skin breakdown (56, 42.5%) reported is higher regarding long-term team experience and previous complications. This complication is related to longer NIV durations.3 Finally, although the causes of acute exacerbations of COPD were listed in the inclusion criteria, it would be interesting to know whether the authors collected data on 2 more aspects that might have affected mortality rates in COPD: a) domiciliary oxygen therapy (because it is strongly associated with disease-related prognosis) and b) associated comorbidities such as the rates of cancer and cancer-related death as well as risk factors related to heart failure, pneumonia, depression, and cachexia (to examine whether those factors also could be responsible for reported mortality).4,5 In conclusion, in our opinion, it should be emphasized that although NIV is considered a gold standard in acute exacerbation of COPD, it has a learning curve, which should be taken into account when choosing a treatment modality. Despite challenging methodology and logistic difficulties of the study, COPD patients should be assessed in a more holistic and comprehensive way.


To obtain the rabbit polyclonal antibodies against Myosin Ⅹ,a polypeptide containing of 1 000~1 021 amino acids from N-terminal of Myosin Ⅹ was synthesized and coupled to KLH.Then,the polypeptide was used to immunize New Zealand white rabbits by subcutaneous injection to prepare the antiserum.The titer of the antiserum reached to 1∶51 200 after 4 times of immune as revealed by ELISA,and the specificity of the polyclonal antibody was confirmed by antigen absorption test.Furthermore,found this polyclonal antibody can specifically recognized Myo Ⅹ in several tissues as revealed by Western blot.In addition,immunofluorescence displayed the distribution of Myosin Ⅹ in COS-7 cells,NLT cells and primarily cultured neurons.In conclusion,the Myosin Ⅹ polyclonal antibody was successfully prepared,which provided a powerful tool for further study of expression and distribution of Myosin Ⅹ in tissues and cells.


Background:  Helicobacter pylori infection is usually acquired in childhood, but little is known about its natural history in asymptomatic children, primarily due to the paucity of non‐invasive diagnostic methods. H. pylori strains harboring cagA and specific alleles of hopQ and vacA are associated with increased risk for gastric cancer. Many studies of H. pylori virulence markers in children have the bias that symptomatic subjects are selected for endoscopy, and these children may harbor the most virulent strains. Our aim is to genotype cagA, hopQ, and vacA alleles in stool DNA samples of healthy Colombian children residing in an area with high incidence of gastric cancer, to avoid selection bias resulting from endoscopy.


In the context of capital accumulation games this paper proposes two concepts that describe the interactions between agents and give a counterpart, in a symmetric infinite horizon framework, of the well known Fudenberg and Tirole's Taxinomy concerning investment strategies in two-stage games.


This study aimed to detect and differentiate fowl adenovirus field isolates associated with hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) and its association with infectious bursal disease. Fourteen liver samples from suspected outbreaks of HPS when subjected to AGPT, dot-ELISA and PCR revealed virus antigen in six, eight and eleven samples, respectively. Histopathologically, nine out of fourteen samples showed the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies. Eleven samples showed characteristics cytopathic effects (CPE) when passaged in chicken embryo liver cell culture. PCR when applied using the primer H1/H2 and H3/H4 amplified 1219 base pair and 1319 base pair products respectively, indicating the presence of fowl adenovirus. Restriction enzyme analysis of 1219 and 1319 base pair products of eleven isolates with Hae II and Hpa II, respectively, generated a pattern, which resembled to the restriction pattern of FAV-4. Characteristics IBD virus genome of 474 base pair could be detected from the four out of fourteen bursal inoculums by RT-PCR. However, association of HPS with IBD could not be detected either clinically or histopathologically even though in two cases IBD virus could be detected concurrently with FAV-4. IBD virus being detected could be the vaccine virus as these samples came from birds having history of IBD vaccination. These results revealed that FAV-4 was associated with field out breaks of HPS and PCR can be used effectively for the detection offowl adenovirus.


Methods and kits for delivering a medicament to the outside of the outer membrane and the other areas of external elastic lamina (EEL) surrounding the blood vessel utilizes a catheter having a needle. Needle is placed in the maximum 5mm beyond the EEL, it penetrates around the surrounding blood vessels often to deliver sufficient quantities of pharmaceuticals to spread longitudinally and radially along the vessel. Before delivering the medicament, the delivery opening of the needle, may be required to confirm that the position beyond the EEL. In one example, the catheter is used, the peripheral and other vasculature to deliver dexamethasone and other anti-inflammatory agents to treat peripheral vascular diseases and other conditions.


Analysing the characteristiss of cation emulsified asphalt and the difference between general additive asphalt and hot additive asphalt, the paper expounds experimental essentials of the corrective maschel stability and mix design of emulsified asphalt.


This paper details the use of a digital twin to model the impact of process variation including etch profile and critical dimension bias on gyroscope quadrature and operating frequencies. The gyroscope presented comprises two mass quartets with electrodes to compensate quadrature and is formed using deep reactive ion etching. Simulated and measured frequencies values agreed to within 5%. Tilt angle variation with die location is determined to better than 0.1° using measured quadrature compensation voltage and the digital twin.


In this study, we propose a test for the coefficient randomness in autoregressive models where the autoregressive coefficient is local to unity, which is empirically relevant given the results of earlier studies. Under this specification, we theoretically analyze the effect of the correlation between the random coefficient and disturbance on tests' properties, which remains largely unexplored in the literature. Our analysis reveals that the correlation crucially affects the power of tests for coefficient randomness and that tests proposed by earlier studies can perform poorly when the degree of the correlation is moderate to large. The test we propose in this paper is designed to have a power function robust to the correlation. Because the asymptotic null distribution of our test statistic depends on the correlation $\psi$ between the disturbance and its square as earlier tests do, we also propose a modified version of the test statistic such that its asymptotic null distribution is free from the nuisance parameter $\psi$. The modified test is shown to have better power properties than existing ones in large and finite samples.


Methods: Two cases have been selected (Spain and UK) where a similar intervention adopting ABAs is being implemented: training lay people to become peer health promoters, and encouraging strategic partnerships among health services and local stakeholders. In each setting, a theory of change developed with programmes' staff informs the focus of the fieldwork. Interviews and observations are conducted to explore how the intervention is implemented and how participants perceive the potential changes in their areas. Findings will be analysed thematically and combined with results from the literature on ABAs to develop a conceptual model of how ABAs' interventions work. Results: A theory of change developed in one field site highlighted partnerships, empowerment and peer support for health literacy as key mechanisms in the intervention. Currently, data are being collected through interviewing trained peer supporters, local charities' representatives and health professionals to discuss their perceptions on these mechanisms. Results are still partial. Conclusions: ABAs are an understudied area of health promotion research and practice. This study is contributing to the understanding of some of the mechanisms which are expected to make ABAs work to promote health and wellbeing in local communities through using qualitative methodologies to enhance the understanding of how ABAs interventions adapt in complex systems like communities. Key messages: The assets approach is underpinned by assumptions related to working in partnerships and empowering stakeholders. This research explores how these assumptions are translated into practice.


Low threshold operation of distributed reflector (DR) laser consisting of a DFB section with wirelike active regions and a passive DBR section with quantum-wire structure was demonstrated. A threshold current as low as 2.5 mA, a differential quantum efficiency from the front facet of 36% and a sub-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 54 dB (@ I=2I/sub th/) were realized for a stripe width of 4.4 /spl mu/m and a DFB section length of 300 /spl mu/m.


Considering the stresses due to the vacuum fluctuation and the electric charge loaded over the surface of a spherical cavity, we estimate the maximum value of the charge. Since this value is independent of the cavity size and parameter free, it is regarded as the electric unit charge. Our result is $Q= 1.55\times 10^{-19}$ Coulomb which implies the relevant fine structure constant $\alpha=1/145.90$.


High temperature properties of blast furnace burden refer to physical and chemical conditions of the burden materials in the high temperature zone, as well as the interaction between the different materials in the burden during slag formation and meltdown. Tests in industrial scale furnaces and in the LKAB experimental blast furnace have shown that all three of these properties must be considered in order to optimise burden properties. The ability of laboratory tests to simulate these behaviours is quite limited and test results from laboratory scale should be treated with caution.


Aim of study: The aim of this study is to show the in silico evidences about the potential use of quercetin and umbelliferone as α-amylase inhibitors, which is important for the treatment of diabetes.
Material and methods: The possible conformations and orientations of quercetin, umbelliferone, and acarbose, in binding to the active sites of alpha-amylase, were analysed by CASTp server. The molecular dockings of these compounds to the potential active site were performed by AutoDock Tools to obtain 3D interactions and binding energies. In addition, the interaction scores were calculated by iGEMDOCK. The 2D enzyme-inhibitor interactions, which clearly show the interactions at the active sites, were analysed by LigPlot+. The drug-likeness properties of quercetin and umbelliferone were compared to acarbose by DruLiTo software and SWISSADME server. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) scores, which present the pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds were analysed by ADMETLab, admetSAR, and PreADMET servers
Main results: As a result, the α-amylase inhibitor activity and the potential use of quercetin and umbelliferone were proved in silico.
Highlights: The results of the study clearly put forward that quercetin and umbelliferone could have possible medicinal use in the treatment of diabetes


The invention is directed to compounds of the formula (I) described herein, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment.


Japan has enforced radio law since 1950. The approval process for radio equipment can seem to be complicated. This paper provides the reader with a communication channel to understand and follow the regulations and to speed up the approval process of radio equipment imported into Japan.


Analysis of extremes of TLP horizontal offset is considered a difficult task within the offshore industry. The results of model tests suggest that such extremes have often been considerably overpredicted. There are strong economical grounds for avoiding overprediction of offsets, leading to the need for accurate computational procedures. It has been found that a vital requirement is the reliable prediction of wave drift damping effects. The paper describes a new method of analysis of wave drift damping based on novel integral equations and the use of a higher order boundary element technique. The method is applied to a case study, based on the Snorre TLP. Interpretation of these results leads to a number of conclusions relevant to design.


To investigate the effect of tannic acid additive on the quality of kudzu silage,the sensory evaluation of kudzu silage added 3% and 4% tannic acid was carried out.Both nutrients and organic acid contents were assayed and the loss rate of dry matter in silage.Results showed that tannic acid could significantly decrease the loss rate of dry matter(P0.05),while significantly increasing the concentrations of water soluble carbohydrate(WSC) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) of kudzu silage(P0.05).Propionic acid and butyric acid were not detected in kudzu stem and leaf silage with added tannic acid.Kudzu stem and leaf silage with added tannic acid was light green and had an acid flavor.Results indicated that adding tannic acid in kudzu silage is favorable to maintain nutrients and improve the quality of silage.


ABSTRACT: The hedonic valuation method was used to quantify the impact of floodplain location on housing values in Fargo‐Moor‐head. Being located in the 100‐year floodplain lowered the home values by $8,990, and such homes were worth $10,241 less than similar homes located outside the floodplain before the major flood event of 1997. Required flood insurance premiums for these homes were determined to account for approximately 81 percent of this price depreciation. In contrast, homes in the 500‐year floodplain were worth $3,100 more than similar homes not in the floodplain. It was concluded that more disclosure is needed regarding the location of the 500‐year floodplain, and that the hedonic valuation method can be used to calculate the economic gains and losses associated with flood mitigation projects or floodplain remapping efforts that result in the reclassification of the legal floodplain status of individual homes.


Abstract Methamphetamine use is highly prevalent among people with HIV (PWH). Substance use is difficult to assess accurately and is often evaluated using a timeline follow-back interview (TLFB). One significant limitation of the TLFB is its long retrospective recall period (e.g. remembering use over a 30-day period). Self-report via text messaging offers a remote and potentially efficacious method of assessing methamphetamine use at a time closer to actual use. The aim of this secondary analysis is to evaluate the concordance between TLFB- and text message-reported methamphetamine use in a sample of 57 PWH; and by neurocognitive impairment status. Daily text messages evaluated methamphetamine use in the previous 24 h. Participants completed a TLFB covering the past 30 days to assess methamphetamine use frequency. There was a significant correlation between TLFB and daily text message reports (ρ = 0.617, p < .001). Results of matched paired t-tests showed comparability in mean reports of methamphetamine use between assessment methods (text-based frequency = 28%, TLFB frequency = 31%; p = .328). Although results approached significance, there were no differences in the neurocognitively impaired group between assessment methods (text message reported frequency = 28%, TLFB reported frequency = 39%; p = .062). Results reveal strong correspondence between TLFB and text message assessment of methamphetamine use. There may be benefits to using text messaging for substance use assessment and opportunities for interventions to improve important health behaviors (e.g. antiretroviral therapy adherence) that are strongly linked to substance use behaviors.


Airfield rigid pavement thickness design has been based on the critical tensile bending stress at the bottom of the slab. Recent observations from full-scale rigid pavement tests at the FAA's NAPTF and Airbus PEP have shown top-down cracking can occur under certain combined loading and pavement geometry configurations. Similar cracking modes have been seen in recent years under certain highway loading and slab situations. The objective of this paper is to identify key slab loading locations on airfield rigid pavements which alter the critical tensile bending stress in the concrete slab from being on the slab bottom to the top of the slab, given no initial curling. Five individual aircraft gear geometries (e.g., dual, dual tandems, triple dual tandems) and four main landing gear (e.g., B-777, A-380, MD-11, and B-747) analyses were conducted for a given slab configuration, pavement geometry, and materials. The numerical results show that the ratio between the top of the slab and bottom tensile stresses were significantly higher for the main landing gear analysis relative to the individual gear analysis. Furthermore, this initial finite element analysis has shown consideration of the entire main landing gear of the aircraft is necessary if the top tensile stresses are going to be accurately predicted.


The aim of this initiative is to develop and assist women's and men's education projects to address gaps in current provision for educationally disadvantaged adults by: undertaking outreach and pre-development work; building local capacity; developing support structures; accrediting learning; encouraging partnerships; analysing and informing policy; mainstreaming learning processes; enabling progression and supporting participants on programmes to shape their educational futures.


The first meander wetland of YellowRiver is praised as "the kidney of YellowRiver", and is decreasing because of some natural and artificial factors. The first meander wetland of YellowRiver is one of important areas for conserving water, it plays a key role in the regulation of water resources in Yellow River Basin. Protecting the first meander wetland of Yellow River is to defend Yellow River which is our indispensable homeland.


Entrepreneurs have a hard time raising enough capital to be able to reach their targeted growth. The access to external capital is limited because of factors like a lack of cash flow, information a ...


A space X is said to be strongly base-paracompact if there is a basis B for X with |B| = w(X) such that every open cover of X has a star-finite open refinement by members of B. Strongly paracompact spaces which are strongly base-paracompact are studied. Strongly base-paracompact spaces are shown have a family of functions F with cardinality equal to the weight such that every open cover has a locally finite partition of unity subordinated to it from F .


Although BC is the dominating absorbing component in the atmosphere, there is evidence of numerous other aerosol components which are able to contribute to the aerosol light absorption. Such non-BC particles include mineral dust, volcanic ash, brown carbon as well as biological debris. Sooner or later different physical processes remove these airborne particles from the atmosphere and deposit them on the ground. If they are deposited on snow or ice surfaces these particles might induce melting processes by the absorption of solar radiation. Because snow is the most reflective natural surface on earth, already small amounts of absorptive impurities can significantly reduce the surface albedo.

The contribution of the albedo reduction on the radiative balance of the atmosphere is usually assessed based on the mass concentration of refractory BC deposited in the snow. Ignoring the absorption contribution of the non-BC aerosol components might result in an underestimation of the albedo reduction. Therefore, the knowledge of the visible absorption coefficients of aerosol particles deposited in snow and ice, is essential for a realistic evaluation of the albedo effect on regional and global climate.

To specify the absorbing properties of particles trapped in snow samples, we combined photo acoustic absorption spectroscopy with single particle black carbon mass analysis using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2). In this way, the aerosol absorption coefficients in the visible spectral range and the refractory black carbon mass could be simultaneously derived. This type of analysis is quite challenging because of the low particle mass concentrations typically present in natural snow samples. In a first case study we used a set of snow samples from the Environmental Research Station (UFS) Zugspitze. Our results show significantly enhanced light absorption of the particles released from the snow samples compared to the particle absorption that can be linked to the refractory black carbon mass in the snow. Further analyses revealed a substantial portion of biological material within the snow that could be cause for the observed additional aerosol absorption.


Background: The vein of Marshall (VOM), which exists along the left lateral isthmus (LLI), constitutes a muscular connection between the coronary sinus (CS) and the left atrium (LA). We hypothesized that anatomical variation of the VOM affects the bidirectional block of LLI and the clinical outcome in patients with nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation (NPAF).


The thesis holds that theory creation' s missing dissimilation is an important reason on the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union model was the first socialism model, which influenced on over ten socialism countries' construction for a time. The lesson is the precious wealth for developing theory creation project today. The thesis not only emphatically studies the expression feature of the theory creation's dissimilation missing,but also brings us the enlightenment through combining the problem with the 16th National congress of CPC.


The WKB method to calculate the tunneling rate with the second-order accuracy is used,a new expression for the quantum tunneling rate is obtained.


in;flammation and the formation of scar tissue, due to trachoma, that they are able to eke out only the barest kind of existence." Irish ports, and remorselesly refused embarkation to any with even doubtful signs of trachoma.


the experimental animal, and much depended on the actual technique involved in bringing about a state of anaesthesia. Technique, indeed, was just as important as pharmacological knowledge. Recognition of the state of anaesthesia of the experimental animal was, of course, of supreme importance. This was especially so if relaxant drugs were being used because of the risk of the effect of the anaesthetic wearing off while the relaxant was still acting. In a final paper Dr. RUSSELL showed how refinement in methods of research with animals could contribute substantially to a humane approach. It was a commonplace for research workers attempting to design original experiments to discover that their first thoughts were unnecessarily complicated or likely to be inconclusive. Further thought might lead to a more clear-cut, crisp design, or, put in other words, to a more elegant experiment. Elegance, in this sense, embraced not only scientific suitability but also humane considerations.


The band-gap energy, Eg, of ZnO doped with 0.1 to 2.0 mol% of MnO and sintered at different isothermal sintering temperatures is studied by photopyroelectric spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 300 to 800 nm. This energy is estimated from the plot (ρhυ) 2 versus hυ and is about 3.0 eV for the samples sintered at 850°C at all doping levels. Samples sintered at higher temperatures (1050 and 1300°C), the value of Eg decreases with the MnO mol% and beyond 1 mol%, Eg becomes constant at about 2.0 eV. The increase in steepness factor (σA, in A-region and σB, in B- region) is related to sintering temperature at low doping level. The dielectric constant, ranging from 300 to 3100, increases with the increase in sintering temperature and decreases with the increase in frequency indicating the formation of insulating layer near the grain boundaries. The X-ray diffractrometry shows that the crystal structure of ZnO doped with different MnO mol% at all sintering temperatures remains to be of hexagonal type but a small peak is found related to the new phase ZnMn2O4 only at 1050°C sintering temperature and 2 mol% of MnO doping level. The grain size ranges from 2 - 30 µm, increases with the MnO mol% and sintering temperature. The density is decreased from 95.5 to 87% with the increase of sintering temperature and doping level.


Knowledge sharing is a tool for competitive advantage in every organization. Academic institutions have embraced and adopted this practice especially amongst academicians by creating a conducive environment for knowledge exchange. One of the practices adopted to make knowledge sharing successful is through self-archiving in institutional repositories in Kenya. Despite having an open access policy in place, statistics indicate that there is a low or no report of activities of self-archiving in most institutional repositories. The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge sharing through self-archiving by faculty in selected private universities in Kenya, and to propose strategies to maximize self-archiving in institutional repositories. The objectives of the study were to: investigate full-time faculty members' awareness on self-archiving; establish how often full-time faculty publish or self-archive; explore motivators for self-archiving by the full-time faculty in the selected private Universities; establish the impeding factors affecting self-archiving by faculty in the institutional repositories; and propose strategies to maximize self-archiving in institutional repositories. This study was informed by Social Exchange Theory and was a qualitative multicase study. The population of the study was drawn from fulltime faculty and librarians from Strathmore University and United States International University Africa. This study employed purposive sampling to come up with a sample size of 26. Semi structured interviews were conducted on all the respondents from both Strathmore University and United States International University-Africa. Desk research was performed on the virtual documents from both Universities as well. A Pilot study was conducted at Strathmore University. Data was analyzed thematically and presented in thick description. The findings indicated that selfarchiving in the institutional repository is not practiced by the faculty and concluded that the faculty views self-archiving as a practice with no benefits attached to it. The study recommends self-archiving mandate as one of the key factors of success to this practice. The findings of this study are useful to academic institutions by proposing strategies to maximize knowledge sharing through self-archiving in institutional repositories.


This paper introduces technological diffusion in the standard Uzawa-Lucas endogenous growth model. We show that the model can be solved analytically in its log-linear approximation. There are three negative eigenvalues, which makes the model's dynamics relatively rich.