Freshwater invertebrates of northern regions are faced annually with freezing of shallow habitats. Several responses to habitat freezing are possible, including migration to favorable habitats and physiological adaptations such as freeze-avoidance or freeze-tolerance. We thawed sections of frozen stream gravel and identified the live and dead invertebrates present. Chironomidae and Empididae (Diptera) constituted >90% of individuals found in frozen habitats: Empididae showed substantial survival in frozen habitats. We also tested the ability of Alaskan stream invertebrates to survive in habitats that freeze. In a series of laboratory experiments we showed that most taxa found in Alaskan streams do not have the ability to survive even moderately subzero temperatures (e.g., −1.0 °C). When faced with an advancing freezing front, these taxa actively moved away. We suggest that most aquatic invertebrate taxa survive winter by either migrating away from a freezing front or remaining in habitats that do not free...


The paper presents a new approach to cancellation of harmonic interferences in so called intelligent cyclic A/D converters. The approach is based on application of the extended multi-dimensional algorithm, which estimates simultaneously values of the input sample and amplitudes of in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) components of sinusoidal interference which are taken into account for proper calculation of the input sample code. Implementation of the extended algorithm in the intelligent cyclic A/D converters requires only insignificant changes in the digital part of the converter and does not increase their production costs. The results of selected simulation experiments for the standard and extended adaptive conversion algorithms are discussed. They show that application of the proposed solution enables efficient operation of the A/D converters even in conditions of strong interferences.


The analysis of the concept «epistemological style» in a context of hierarchy of cognitive styles is presented. It is offered to consider the psychological content of this concept in a context of the system of personality relations to world around, and also to consider a position of the person as subject of activity.


A general formulation of all track-length-type estimators is given, based directly on the random walk process. Two of the commonly used track-length-type estimators are shown to be special cases of the general form, and a set of new estimators is derived.


HI 21 cm absorption spectroscopy of damped Lyman‐α systems (DLAs) towards radio‐loud background sources provides an interesting probe of the nature of the absorbing galaxies, yielding information on their ISM conditions, kinematics and spatial extent. In this article, I will describe our recent results from such HI 21 cm absorption studies, before discussing prospects for the field with upcoming instruments like ASKAP and the EVLA.


The impedance method for the determination of the clotting time of whole blood has been found useful for the determination of clot retraction time. Although in previous attempts clotting and clot retraction affected the impedance in the same direction, the measuring cells used in the present work enable separation of the changes caused by the two processes. The introduction of disposable cells may enable easy and accurate determination of clot retraction time during routine impedance measurements of blood clotting time.


Composition in the Classroom: A Tool for Teaching. By Jackie Wiggins. Music Educa tors National C o n f e r e n c e ( A v a i l a b l e f r o m M E N C Publications Sales, 1902 Assoc ia t ion Dr ive , Res ton , VA 22091-1597; stock number 1006), 1990. 48 pp. Black-and-white photographs, music examples . Paperback, $8.00 ($6.40 for M E N C members) . The author of Composition in the Classroom, an elementary music teacher , presents a conceptand activities-based approach to student composit ion. Wiggins, who believes that composit ion should be a part of every music curricul u m , d i s c u s s e s t e a c h e r g u i d e d compos i t ion , smal l -group work , and free-composition ideas for students of all ages and many diflFerent backgrounds.


Abstract
 A new distribution map is provided for Citrus leaf blotch virus. Betaflexiviridae: Citrivirus. Hosts: Citrus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Spain), Asia (China, Chongqing, Hunan, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Japan), North America (USA, Arkansas, California, Florida, Oregon), Central America & Caribbean (Cuba), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, New Zealand).


We solve the light cone Coulomb Shrodinger equation ind= 2+ 1 via Sinc collocation. We get excellent convergence using a generalized Sinc basis set in position space. Since convergence in position space could not be obtained with more common numerical techniques, this result helps us to corroborate the conjecture that the use of a localized (square-integrable) basis set within the context of light cone quantization can yield much better convergence.


By applying the canonical correlation decomposition of matrix pairs,we obtain the Symmetric and Skew-symmetric least-squares solution of the matrix equation on linear manifold.At the same time,the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability and the general solutions of the problems are presented.


The results of a study of the installation and operational characteristics of a SNAP reactor system integrated with a manned space station are presented. The reference system selected was an 11 kw(e) version of a SNAP 2 system employing multiple power conversion units coupled to a single reactor source. Of prime importance is the reactor radiation shield required for the manned system and the use of design features which minimize the shield weight. The weight of the radiation shield is highly dependent upon the geometrical configuration of the space station and the reactor since shadow'' shielding of the manned compartments is required for minimum weight systems. The installation and shielding requirements of the 11 kw(e) system were considered for two types of space station configurations; one was a 10 ft dia cylindrical station with a reactor separation distance of 50 ft and the other a 150 ft dia toroidal station with the reactor located in the hub. The weight of the power system installed in the cylindrical space station was about 9000 lb of which 6000 lb was required for shielding. The weight of the system for a toroidal station was approximates 25,000 lbs of which 20,000 lbs was requiredmore » for shielding. However, these weights are relatively insensitive to power level and doubling or tripling the power output will only increase these weights by a small percentage. In addition, the designs developed for these two concepts permit the replacement of the reactor and power conversion system with the radiation shields becoming essentially a permanent part of the space station. Hence the large weight penalty associated with the reactor shield only has to be incurred once during the life of the space station. Because of the dominance of the reactor shield weights for manned systems, parametric curves of shielding weight are presented to enable the space vehicle designer to estimate nuclear power system weights for configurations other than those selected in this report. (auth)« less


2 Abstract: This cross sectional study investigates the microbiological quality of drinking water and evaluates the status of chlorine in drinking water available in public institutions of Karachi. The quality of water was examined by Most Probable Number Technique (MPN) using standard methods and chlorine was analyzed through standard Merck kits. Water from all the sample stations failed to meet WHO guidelines for the micriological quality of drinking water and showed high bacterial water resource is grossly polluted with the organisms of public health importance that could be a potential threat to the people who consume water at these institutions.


Gaharu (agarwood) is a fragrant wood that is usually derived from the diseased timber of the genus Aquilaria (Thymelaeceae) and often occurs as dark coloured patches or streaks in the tree. Due to its strong, unique scent and medicinal properties, gaharu oil is greatly valued as perfumery ingredient and incense. Gaharu may be classified into various grades; Grade A, B, C and D and they are often graded according to the physical properties, gaharu formation and its unique scent. The lower grades such as Grade C are often distilled to obtain gaharu oils. As part of an on-going research on the chemical profiling of some Malaysian gaharu oils and evaluation of their potential beneficial properties; gaharu oils obtained from different sources were analysed and compared by GC and GC-MS. Identification of the chemical components was based on comparison of calculated retention indices and mass spectral data with literature values. Examination of the oils showed some variations and differences in terms of GC profiles, concentration and chemical components. Majority of the essential oil profiles were complex and made up of sesquiterpenoids and their oxygenated derivatives. However, common occurrences of chemical compounds such as 3-phenyl-butanone, α-guaiene, β-agarofuran, α-agarofuran, agarospirol and jinkoh-eremol were detected.


Scholars have argued that workers portrayed on television were often comfortable voicing disagreement to their supervisors but that disagreements rarely resulted in any change to the status quo. Organizational dissent, which by definition represents a challenge to the status quo, has been linked to a number of benefits for the dissenter and the organization. The researchers of the present study examined how dissent was portrayed on primetime television. Results indicated that dissenters often approached supervisors who had the power to address the frustrating circumstance that triggered the disagreement but that dissent was instrumentally ineffective and failed to elicit emotional support from the dissent audience.


This study aimed to identify the stressors among sanitarian manpower in country and understand their influences on their well being and productivity. Study subjects came from Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Sichuan, for a total of 37 rural hospitals, 222 health care workers.Content analysis shows that employees suffered a range of work stress which was mostly uncontrollable and unavoidable. Negative impact to their other areas of life was revealed. Depressive symptoms prevailed among our respondents. Further research efforts are suggested.


Several metallic oxide conductors reported in the literature undergo a metal-insulator transition (MIT). We have found that their reported superconducting transition temperatures T c are significantly enhanced in the vicinity of the MIT. We constructed a superconductivity phase diagram (T c vs a, the conductivity) for each system and found that they are remarkably similar. The same behavior was found previously for a number of low-T c . superconductors. These results suggest that there is a common mechanism for the enhancement of superconductivity near the MIT.


At present there are about 2500 convicted offenders serving indefinite terms of imprisonment (Windlesham, 1989)1 i.e. they were sentenced to life imprisonment,2 or ordered to be detained &dquo;during Her Majesty's pleasure&dquo;,3 or sentenced to &dquo;custody for life&dquo;4. The population of lifers is steadily increasing; in 1968 there were about 500, in 1975 about 1200, and in 1985 just over 2000. Moreover, the average length of time served in custody by lifers has also been increasing. In the early 1970s it was in the region of eight to nine years, whereas a decade later the figure was roughly ten and a half years. In response to this trend, the Prison Department has developed a management policy for life sentence prisoners founded on the &dquo;Revised Strategy,&dquo; the modern version of which dates from about 1980. In recent years adjustments have been made to this, and the current arrangements and procedures are set out in Home Office Circular Instruction


Rationale: Ingested esophageal foreign bodies are commonly seen in adult population. In very few instances, esophageal foreign body may pass through the mucosal surface, re-epithelialize or migrate into surrounding soft tissues. Patient concerns: A 55-year-old Chinese male was admitted to our hospital with a 10-day history chest and upper abdominal pain without dysphasia, cough or other symptoms. Diagnoses: We initially suspected chronic gastritis, and thoracic computed tomography and endoscopy ultrasonography (EUS) were used to identify a fish bone completely embedded within the lower esophageal wall. Interventions: Under the EUS-guidance, we marked the foreign body using methylene blue with saline solution, which was followed by successful thoracoscopy and surgical removed of the foreign body. Outcomes: The patient recovered well and was discharged 1 week postoperatively. One month postoperatively, the patient was symptom free and the chest wound was complete healed. Lessons: Our case showed that computed tomography is necessary to diagnose the esophageal foreign body, and EUS may help confirm the position of foreign body, especially those embedded in the esophageal submucosa. We advocate necessary surgery at the first accurate diagnosis in patient with esophageal foreign body when endoscopy is not possible.


Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars resistant to Pythium myriotylum Drechs. and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, are needed for effective management of pod rotting diseases. The low efficiency of field screening for disease reaction in breeding for resistance has emphasized the need for improved evaluation methods. Anatomical examinations of roots, stems, leaves, pegs, and shells were made of six genotypes (TxAG-3, PI 341885, Toalson, Starr, Florunner, and Goldin I) with various degrees of resistance to pod rots in search of traits that might be used effectively in screening for disease reaction. The palisade mesophyll cells of 50-day old plants were arranged more compactly in pod rot resistant than in susceptible genotypes. An index representing total width (μm) of palisade cells/mm leaf blade was more discriminative in distinguishing among genotypes than average of either cell width or cell number alone. The distribution of lignin in peanut shells was correlated with pod rot resistance. The cell wal...


Use of near-surface mounted (NSM) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rods is a promising technology for increasing flexural and shear strength of reinforced concrete (RC) members. As this technology emerges, the structural behavior of RC elements strengthened with NSM FRP rods should be fully characterized, and bond is the first issue to be addressed. Bond is of primary importance as it is the means for the transfer of stress between the concrete and the FRP reinforcement to develop composite action. This research program aimed to investigate bond between NSM FRP rods and concrete. Some of the factors expected to affect bond performance are addressed here, namely: bonded length, diameter and surface configuration of the rod, type of FRP material, and size of the groove in which the rod is embedded. Results are presented and discussed.


Subject. This article deals with the issues of determining the amount of income received from the implementation of illegal entrepreneurial activities, through the production of forensic accounting expertise.
Objectives. The article aims to develop specific practical recommendations to use the forensic accounting expertise to determine income from illegal entrepreneurial activities in the investigation of illegal entrepreneurship.
Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization, and generalization.
Results. The article presents a procedure for determining the income received by a commercial organization or an individual entrepreneur, in the process of forensic accounting expertise. It defines and proposes to apply a sequence of actions of the chartered accountant in solving the problem of determining the amounts of income from illegal entrepreneurial activities.
Conclusions and Relevance. When investigating crimes related to the implementation of illegal business activities, it is impossible to do without the use of special economic knowledge. Forensic accounting expert examination is one of the most common forms of using such knowledge in the investigation of crimes under Art. 171 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Illegal Entrepreneurship". The methodology and organization of accounting expertise should be constantly developed and improved. The results of the study are of an applicable nature and can be used in the organization and production of forensic accounting expert examination in the practice of investigating crimes related to the implementation of illegal entrepreneurial activities.


The article deals with the analysis of the motif of resurrection in the narrative prose of Mikhail Shishkin. This motif interacts with other motives of the author and turns all the writer's works into a single hypertext. The embodiment of the resurrection motif is considered at various levels of the author's poetics: the system of characters, spatio-temporal organization of the narration, and the titles of works. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the mythologems used by the author.


The invention discloses a compound shown as a chemical structural formula I or II and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound shown as the chemical structural formula I or II has a following preparation method that 2-toluenyl-1-alkyl-1, 3-butanedione and thiourea take reaction under stirring in organic solvents at 55 DEG C to 80 DEG C under the catalysis of HY acid to obtain 4-alkyl-6-aryl-5-acetyl-2-amino-1, 3-thiazine salt (I.HY), the 4-alkyl-6-aryl-5-acetyl-2-amino-1, 3-thiazine salt is neutralized by alkali to obtain the compound as shown as the formula I, and the compound shown as the formula I is subject to acidylation to obtain the compound shown as the formula II. The compound shown as the formula I or the formula II has good inhibitory activity on human cervical carcinoma cells (Hela cells), human hepatocarcinoma cells (Bel 7402 cells) and human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 cells) and can be used for preparing anti-tumor medicine.


(2005). The Dominion of War: Empire and Liberty in North America, 1500–2000. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 92-93.


The mission requirements are analyzed and the optimization model of responsive satellite constellation design which can simultaneously optimize constellation structure and orbit parameters is built. As the number of variables involved in the model is large, classical genetic algorithms will have difficulty in obtaining satisfying results in acceptable time. The hierarchical genetic algorithm is designed to resolve the optimization model. The mutation operators and the crossover operators of the ground layer genetic algorithm are modified. The model and algorithms are validated through a numerical example.


Deepening the integration of industry and education, school enterprise cooperation and building a community of school enterprise destiny is the only way for application-oriented colleges to achieve high-quality development. As a new organizational form of industry and education integration, industrial college can effectively promote the organic connection of education chain, talent chain, industrial chain and innovation chain. It is a booster, converter and incubator for building a community of school enterprise destiny. Colleges and universities can realize the cultivation of high-quality applied talents by innovating the collaborative education mode of industry education integration.


This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background: Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has been used in traditional medicine. The type of light source has an effect on the growth properties and composition of functional compounds in plants. In this study, we analyzed the effects of different artificial light sources on the growth characteristics as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of S. miltiorrhiza. Methods and Results: Seedlings of S. miltiorrhiza were grown under various artificial light sources, including fluorescent light (FL), light emitting diode (LED), and microwave electrodeless light (MEL), for 8 weeks. Growth characteristics were the best in plants treated with MEL. DPPH scavenging activity of the shoot was more pronounced with the FL treatments, while the roots were more active in plants grown under single wavelength lights (i.e., blue and red LEDs). Among the different light source treatments, the blue LED resulted in a higher total phenolic content in the plants. Furthermore, growing plants growth under the red LED enhanced their total flavonoid content. Notably, the antimicrobial properties of plants varied significantly between light source treatments in this study. Except for E. coli, all the tested microorganisms were susceptible to the plant extracts. Conclusions: The type of light source may be an important parameter for the enhancement of plant growth and functional compounds in S. miltiorrhiza.


At redshift z > 5 the far-infrared (FIR) continuum spectra of main-sequence galaxies are sparsely sampled, often with a single data point. The dust temperature Td,SED thus has to be assumed in the FIR continuum fitting. This introduces large uncertainties regarding the derived dust mass (Md), FIR luminosity, and obscured fraction of the star formation rate. These are crucial quantities to quantify the effect of dust obscuration in high-z galaxies. To overcome observations limitations, we introduce a new method that combines dust continuum information with the overlying [C II]158μm line emission. By breaking the Md − Td,SED degeneracy, with our method, we can reliably constrain the dust temperature with a single observation at 158μm. This method can be applied to all ALMA and NOEMA [C II] observations, and exploited in ALMA Large Programs such as ALPINE and REBELS targeting [C II] emitters at high-z. We also provide a physical interpretation of the empirical relation recently found between molecular gas mass and [C II] luminosity. We derive an analogous relation linking the total gas surface density and [C II] surface brightness. By combining the two, we predict the cosmic evolution of the surface density ratio ΣH2/Σgas. We find that ΣH2/Σgas slowly increases with redshift, which is compatible with current observations at 0 < z < 4.


The present invention is wireless and wired communication unit for transmitting and receiving terminal and the data operator to analyze the performance of a grid-connected system to be driving simulation relates to a grid-connected operation simulation test device for detecting the performance of a grid-connected system; Low-voltage compensation algorithm of the grid-connected system that combines the drive of the grid-connected systems to drive the simulation, to drive the simulation in accordance with the control signal transmitted from the operator terminal (Low Voltage Ride Through: LVRT, hereinafter 'LVRT' quot;) verify mode, an independent verification operation prevention mode, and an active filter verify mode of operation at least one control module; And the LVRT verify mode, comprising: a load device comprising a load that correspond to the independent operation prevention verify mode, and an active filter verification mode, wherein, International LVRT transmitted, from the operator terminal when operating in LVRT verify mode it is possible to control the operation of the load device to calculate the value of the parameter constituting the load device in accordance with the standard.


This study was aimed to assess the impact of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) edible coating incorporated with ginger essential oil (GEO) and citric acid (CA) on the shelf life of the ready‐to‐cook barbecue chicken meat. The treatments containing ginger essential oil and citric acid significantly reduced the microbial population compared with the control and cellulose nanofibers. The most effective treatment was the CNF + GEO 2% + CA 1%, which increased the meat shelf life up to 6 days. The highest chemical changes were seen in the control and the CNF treatments. The combined use of GEO and CA revealed to have a better impact on spoilage control. The sensory analysis also showed that the GEO improved taste, odor, texture, and overall acceptability of the samples. Based on the results of this research, the CNF coating is recommended as a basic edible coating method for incorporating other antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds in meat products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Food coating with novel techniques is developing to extend the food shelf life. Cellulose nanofibers as a natural nano polymer are not only able to coat the food well, but also with the sustained release of plant essential oils, to preserve the food. The ready‐to‐cook barbecue chicken is a highly perishable product with a generally short shelf life. Its shelf life could be increased using cellulose nanofibers coating containing ginger essential oil and citric acid.


The biology of Australian reef populations of the shark Heterodontus portusjacksoni has been studied underwater with SCUBA. Additional life—history data have been obtained from catch records of adults and juveniles and from observations on captive animals. The mature breeding female H. portusjacksoni lays 10—16 eggs which are deposited in rock fissures on shallow reefs; the young emerge approximately 1 year later. The breeding season on the central coast of New South Wales occurs in late winter and spring. This species appears to segregate by sex into separate juvenile, adolescent, and adult populations. A slow growth rate and protracted immaturity is characteristic. Sexual maturity is reached at 8—10 years for males and 11—14 years for females. Most feeding occurs during darkness over both reefs and soft substrates, gut contents reveal that they feed on a variety of benthic invertebrates. Populations of H. portusjacksoni observed on sublittoral reefs consisted of adult sharks, the majority of which were females. A few specific sites, usually caves in which they shelter during the day, are preferred. Resightings of sharks tagged on a reef at Bondi, Sydney, revealed that animals which formed the local population moved freely to and from the reef and also between the several sites on the reef. Reef densities were highest during the breeding season and were correlated with low water temperatures. Emigration from inshore reefs occurs at the end of the breeding season in late September and October. A number of tagged sharks returned to the same reef in the following year and others after periods of up to 2 years. Recaptures made outside the Sydney area indicate that some sharks may travel several hundred kilometers during their migration.


An abnormal ratio of triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) indicates an atherogenic lipid profile and a risk for the development of coronary disease. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between lipid levels, specifically TG/HDL-c, and the extent of coronary disease. METHODS High-risk patients (n = 374) submitted for coronary angiography had their lipid variables measured and coronary disease extent scored by the Friesinger index. RESULTS The subjects consisted of 220 males and 154 females, age 57.2 ± 11.1 years, with total cholesterol of 210± 50.3 mg/dL, triglycerides of 173.8 ± 169.8 mg/dL, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) of 40.1 ± 12.8 mg/dL, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) of 137.3 ± 46.2 mg/dL, TG/HDL-c of 5.1 ± 5.3, and a Friesinger index of 6.6 ± 4.7. The relationship between the extent of coronary disease (dichotomized by a Friesenger index of 5 and lipid levels (normal vs. abnormal) was statistically significant for the following: triglycerides, odds ratio of 2.02 (1.31–3.1; p = 0.0018); HDL-c, odds ratio of 2.21 (1.42–3.43; p = 0.0005); and TG/HDL-c, odds ratio of 2.01(1.30–3.09; p = 0.0018). However, the relationship was not significant between extent of coronary disease and total cholesterol [1.25 (0.82–1.91; p = 0.33)] or LDL-c [1.47 (0.96–2.25; p = 0.0842)]. The chi-square for linear trends for Friesinger > 4 and lipid quartiles was statistically significant for triglycerides (p = 0.0017), HDL-c (p = 0.0001), and TG/HDL-c (p = 0.0018), but not for total cholesterol (p = 0.393) or LDL-c (p = 0.0568). The multivariate analysis by logistic regression OR gave 1.3 ± 0.79 (p = .0001) for TG/HDL-c, 0.779 ± 0.074 (p = .0001) for HDL-c, and 1.234 ± 0.097 (p = 0.03) for LDL. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves showed that only TG/HDL-c and HDL-c were useful for detecting extensive coronary disease, with the former more strongly associated with disease. CONCLUSIONS Although some lipid variables were associated with the extent of coronary disease, the ratio of triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol showed the strongest association with extent.


In robust design, the principle is to improve product quality minimizing the impacts of variations. Variability depends strongly on the set of explicit and implicit decisions taken during product design, selection of methods, processes and resources. This paper presents a new approach to decision making for inspection planning. The proposed approach requirements are then emphasized. As well the necessity of quality management tools integration in decision making is concluded. Literature review highlights that each already existent quality tools satisfies partially these requirements. Among these latter FMEA is considered to be flexible and apt enough to be adapted to CAIP. Despite, improving points to FMEA are discussed and required modifications and future works are then proposed.


Innovation plays an important role in developing the economy, to expand and sustain the high performance of firms, to maintain competitive edge in industry and improved the standard living and in creating a better quality of life. In Adhocratic culture, openness provides to employees and no fear of doing faults or getting things wrong to be done, human capital are the creative peoples and if democratic organizational culture is provided to them the organization can be find more innovative. The focus of current study was on the link between organizational cultures and innovation. Although the literature suggests the relevance of culture in increasing innovation, there is a lack of empirical evidence supporting this relation, which this study has explored. Our findings provide support for this relation. Furthermore we found that the organization culture can enhance product innovation, but that it can also inhibit it depending on the values that culture fosters. In particular we found that product innovation is positively associated to adhocracy cultures and has a negative relation to the hierarchical cultures.


The optical coefficients (μs, μa, μ's and g)of human cancerous and normal prostate tissues were investigated and compared in the spectral range of 750nm - 860 nm. The fractal dimensional parameters including fractal dimension (Df), cutoff diameter (dmax) and the most efficient diameter (dm) between the cancerous and normal prostate tissues were determined based on the extinction and diffusion reflection intensity measurements and the determination ofμs, μa, μ's and g. The results are in good agreement with prostate cancer evolution defined by Gleason Grades. The difference of fractal dimensional parameters and optic


Emission cleaning device for the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine (1) with a storage reduction type NOx catalyst (50a) which is able to store NOx, a reducing agent supply (20) for supplying reducing agent to the storage reduction type NOx catalyst (50a) and an electronic control unit (22) for controlling the reducing agent supply (20), wherein the storage reduction type NOx catalyst (50a) capable of storing not only NOx but also SOx, which reduces the absorption of NOx and to poisoning of the storage-reduction type NOx catalyst (50a) leads, which can be removed by a recovery process with supply of reducing agents, wherein when the storage reduction type NOx catalyst (50a) is still in a post-treatment phase, in the noble metal compounds of the storage reduction type NOx catalyst (50a) in contact contact and chemically stabilized, the electronic control unit (22) d ie timing for carrying out a recovery process for controlling the start time and the duration of the recovery process on the basis of past operation data of the internal combustion engine (1) determines.


CIlICAGO, Aug, 27 (AP)-A gang Of kidnapers released John J. Lynch early today 'nfter holtllng him for a week, leavIng offIcials to guess At Ihelr Identity and whether their ranSOm demanclA had been met. Lynch, pal' t owner In 0. horse t'ace news bUI'eau. disappeared last 'fhursday evening while' enroute trom his Chicago office to his sum· mer home In Lake Geneva, Wis. Rs drove up to tile house at 4:30 A. m. today In his own a utomobile, possessed Of a sl'vpn-day gl'owth of beard and a ravenous appetite. "10m not going to make a complaint to anyonl'," he so.ld atter a brief resl, arguing that ransom dem(lod" oC $260,000 had been refused to the last cen t, $75,000 110ughL Frrooolll But associates In the t ud wodd, which has known Lynch for 20 years Or more, elrrulated the word that Marty G umoyle and other friends got togplhe,· $75,000 and turned It over to an agent fOr the gang In Chicago yest raay noon, In exchange (or his re l e:l~e shortly atter la8t mlanilrht near Kankakee, 111. , 50 miles 10 the south, Pat Roche, chler Investigator for the stale's alto('ney's office, relter' aled that $50,000 hail been paid and continued his search fOr "Scarface" AI Callone, boss ot Chicago gangIlers, 011 a chal'ge oC compounding a felony. Capone, Hoche 8nld, dickered wilh the killnal)el's and ailled In effecting I,ynch'A rl'lpal!e, thus becoming a pllrty to the crlme_ He accused "ex-convicts and some St. Louis men." Greeted hy Wife MrR. r~)-n~h, p .... "trutl'a durlng most or the WPf'k's Interim, greeted her hu"baml all he drove up In the early down, with allllnrent relIeC. Lynch llSKI1I'rd her he was In gOOd hea Ith a nd Rpirlts and ordered "loL~ Of ham and eggS." "I was driving north towl\rd Wisconsin last 'I'h ursilay when a car crowded me off the rO:ld," he said. "1 got out, my glnHSE'S we I'e knock· ed Off nnd I was covered by seven men with sawed-art shotgun. Three Or fOur Illore cars tratled us. A gunnysock Wits thl'own over my hend. After II aO-mlnute dl'lve I was held at a collage until night ana then driven six 01' seven hours to the house whCt'O 1 WitS held captive."


━━ Background. Metastasis to the toe from lung cancer is very rare, occurring in only 0.1-0.3% of all lung cancer patients. Case. A 70-year-old man had a nodule in the left upper lung on chest X-ray obtained during his annual health checkup. Computed tomography revealed a mass, 32 mm in size, in the left S 1 + 2 that was diag-nosed as squamous cell carcinoma (cT2aN0M0, Stage IB). Left upper lobectomy and S 6 wedge resection with lymph node dissection (2a-1) were performed. The pathological diagnosis was keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (pT2aN0M0-Stage IB) with interstitial pneumonia. We decided not to administer adjuvant chemotherapy because of interstitial pneumonia. About two months after surgery, the patient's right 5th toe was badly swollen with severe pain. A skin biopsy suggested metastasis from the squamous cell lung cancer. His ultimate diagnosis was metastases of the lung cancer to the right hilar lymph node, left adrenal gland, and right 5th toe. Because the toe metastasis had increased rapidly, amputation of the 3rd to 5th toes was performed to his preserve quality of life. Thereafter, chemotherapy was administered to reduce the tumor metastases, but this failed to have a posi-tive effect. Consequently, the patient underwent palliative therapies. Conclusion. Among metastases to the hands and feet, those from lung cancer are most frequent, and their prognosis is very poor. Because metastasis to the toe from squamous cell lung cancer is rare, we must distinguish between primary skin cancer and toe metastasis from lung cancer after careful consideration of the patient's clinical symptoms.


FIELD: engines. SUBSTANCE: present invention can be used for producing a metal component for turbine engine blade reinforcement. At step (210) three-dimensional metal structure (310) is made; it forms a blank of the said metal component (30). An insert (301) of the said component has properties allowing superplastic forming. Metal wires (302) surround the periphery of the said insert (301) and form a body around it. At step (220) the 3D metal structure (310) is placed in a forming tool (400). At step (230) the 3D metal structure (310) is subjected to hot forming to ensure the connection of its parts and the production of the said formed metal structure (30). EFFECT: method simplifies the process of making a metal blade reinforcement. 10 cl, 6 dwg


A comprehensive study of the way of thinking of the people, his psychology, national and ethnic values is one of the important issues that need to solve contemporary social psychology. The article deals with questions of the organization of targeted assistance in establishing their girls as individuals, shaping morale, to prepare them for marriage.


By taking ammonium polyphosphate(APP) as main retardant agent,combining aluminum sulfate,magnesium chloride,calcium chloride and borax respectively,the composite flame retardants were prepared and used to retardant experiments of pine-needles.The thermal degradation behavior?of pine-needles was studied by?thermogravimetry,the best composite flame retardant for pine-needles flame retardant was obtained,and the flame retardancy of pine-needles treated with the composite flame retardant was measured by cone calorimeter.The results show that under the condition of 50 kW/m2 thermal radiation flow,the charring rate of the pine-needles treated by APP+ borax retardant raised by 30%,the thermal release rate,total heat release reduced by 28% and 26% respectively,the total smoke release and smoke production rate decreased significantly than that of the pine-needles treated by APP.Therefore,APP and sodium borate system showed a significant flame retardant role on pine needles


The case of disappearing/late-appearing stable polymorphs and their impact is well-understood by scientists in the pharmaceutical industry. This paper discusses an instance where a more stable crystal form was discovered during the development of a fast-track drug candidate. Challenges in adapting to the discovery of the new crystal form during this accelerated drug development program and approaches to develop a robust crystallization process are discussed.


In a fantastic workshop hidden deep in a world of natural wonders, two peculiar inventors squabble over their latest creation. What's more important, concept or implementation? A mysterious third party intervenes and provides the elusive, missing ingredient. Copyright held by creator.


Advanced measurements on drilling fluid samples using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxation time measurements at 2 MHz proton resonance frequency were performed. These were carried out on a waterin-oil emulsion (invert emulsion) and on an oil-based drilling mud system with varying oil:water (O:W) content. Longitudinal relaxation time T1 and transverse T2 relaxation time were measured. Good correlation between mean T1 and T2 and varying O:W contents was observed both for emulsions and whole mud. In a separate measurement series, static barite sagging behaviour of an oil-based drilling mud was observed using a 1D profile experiment in a gradient field.


Different types of stress produce different effects on social relationships between partners. Chronic social defeat has been found to alter the emotional and social behaviours, whether it affects partner preference remains unclear. Using monogamous mandarin voles (Microtus mandarinus), the present study found that 14 days of social defeat to male vole could increase social avoidance in sociality test, and reduced attacking, intimate, sniffing and exploratory behaviours, but increased avoidance defensive, immobile behaviours in social interaction test. In addition, this treatment significantly reduced side-by-side contact with partner throughout cohabitation period, and reduced the attacking behaviour to strangers after 11 days' cohabitation. Furthermore, in mandarin vole with chronic social defeat, partner preference was abolished on 5 and 7 days' cohabitation indicating that pair bonding stability was impaired by chronic social defeat. Moreover, although mandarin voles spent longer time rescuing partner than stranger in both groups, chronic social defeat did not affect rescuing significantly. Impairment of pair bonding may be due to abnormalities in social interaction induced by chronic social defeat. This finding provides some insights into mechanisms underlying effects of prolong social stress on social relationships between partners.


facing the profoundly transforming environment of ideological and political education, colleges and universi- ties should implement the innovation, the only way, to keep the ideological and political education up-to-date, pertinent and pragmatic. Therefore, the innovation theory of ideological and political education in colleges and universities should be studied hard to create new ideas, contents, approaches and training of new educational management staff.


Abstract Eighty Engelmann spruce logs (Picea engelmannii Parry), which were distributed in open (bulldozed to clearcut), semi-open (selectively cut), and dense (uncut) spruce forest, were infested with Dendroctonus obesus (Mann.) and Ips pilifrons Sw. and fed upon by northern three-toed and hairy woodpeckers. Sections of the infested boles were covered with screen to prevent woodpecker feeding and all logs were left in the field over one winter and through the following summer. By spring, the spruce beetle brood was reduced approximately 50% in all three forest areas. By fall, the spruce beetle brood suffered a 71, 83 and 52% reduction in the open, semi-open and dense forest, respectively. Spruce beetles appeared to be in greatest numbers in the semi-open forest, resulting in the greatest woodpecker predation there. Woodpeckers did not feed in the open meadows. Estimates in the spring, before the Ips emerged from the logs, showed that woodpeckers reduced the Ips brood by 76 and 11% in the open and semi-open forest, respectively. Ips were not found in dense forest or in meadows.


The logistics distribution VRPTW is a hot topic in logistics research.And it is a NP hard problem.This paper adds Migrating operator and simulated annealing method to niche genetic algorithm,and uses this new method to solve the VRPTW.This method not only can maintain the diversity in population but also has the good whole astringency.The practice proves this method is reliable and suitable.


Objective: To discuss the clinical value of 99mTc- MIBI imaging in differentiating the benign and malignant pulmonary lesions. Methods: 23 patients with pulmonary lesions were examined by 99mTc- MIBI imaging and semiquantitative analysis was performed. All the results were compared with pathologic study. Results: The uptake of 99mTc- MIBI was different between malignant andbenign lesions,When the delayed planar imaging T / N rate > 1. 28 and the delayed tomography imaging T / N > 1. 37 of malignant lesion was assigned as a threshold for malignant or banign lesions,The sensitivity was 78. 6% and 85. 7%,The specificity was 88. 9% and 88. 9%. Conclusion: The 99mTc- MIBI lung imaging might be useful for differentiation between malignancy and benign in lung lesions,The sensitivity of diagnosis may be increased by performed the tomography imaging.


Historians of labour in the United States have given scant attention to Mexican American workers and their trade union activity. This panoramic history summarises the origins of this work force and the social and economic changes the workers experienced as industrialisation and capitalism transformed employment in the nineteenth century. He focuses on the Southwest and California in particular in recounting worker efforts to organise trade unions over the past one hundred years. As the author traces the historic evolution of struggles to gain economic equity and ethnic and gender equality, he introduces the individual experiences of many courageous workers.


Objective: To investigate the pharmacognostical characteristics and in vivo anticonvulsant activity of chloroform, ethanol (90%) and aqueous extracts of Abutilon indicum Linn sweet stem. Methods: The Abutilon indicum Linn sweet stem were successively extracted using chloroform, ethanol and aqueous solvent (water). The extracts were screened for phytochemicals using HPTLC and GC-MS techniques. The extracts were also screened for acute toxicity and anticonvulsant activity, against MES and PTZ induced convulsions, using Wistar albino rats. Results: The phytochemical screening study reveals the presence of more chemical constituents in chloroform extract followed by ethanol and aqueous extract. We found no significant changes in average body weight of animals, up to tested oral dose of 3000 mg/kg, during acute toxicity study. The in vivo study reveals the anticonvulsant activity of chloroform and ethanol extract against MES and PTZ induced convulsions. The chloroform extract is found to be more potent, similar to Phenytoin, in controlling both MES and PTZ induced convulsions than ethanol and aqueous extracts. Conclusion: The results obtained suggest that the chloroform extract of Abutilon indicum stem has remarkable anticonvulsant activity. Also, our study indicates the potential application of Abutilon indicum stems in the treatment of convulsive disorders as a need of modern health science. However, the further studies are needed to screen the active constituent having an anticonvulsant effect.


Although this book is potentially important for the attention it devotes to the often neglected subject of metaphor, it is marred by the author's unnecessarily narrow conception of metaphor and his notably ungenerous dealings with other critics of seventeenthcentury poetry. The distinction between literal and figurative sometimes provides Skulsky with an acute analytical tool for attending fastidiously to the implications of a poet's choice of metaphors. Yet the distinction frequently becomes blunted rather than honed as Skulsky turns it into a weapon to assail those with whom he disagrees. Equally dismissive of seventeenth-century scholarship and of recent theoretical problematizations of the distinction between literal and figurative, Skulsky fancies himself as the voice of "common sense" against "ultrasophisticated" critics and "powerful theories" (225, 230). Skulsky is at his best as a reader of George Herbert, perhaps because Herbert's deliberate use of metaphor as a conceptual mechanism demands the close attention to metaphor Skulsky supplies. He insightfully describes Herbert's "Employment (II)" as "a piratical 'contest' against rivals for place 'with' (in the circle of) a patron," and observes that "Favorite-creating and world-creating are unexpectedly close kin" (174). He also offers a fine reading of the bizarre blend of erotic imagery and scientific inquiry that constitutes Herbert's "Vanitie (I)," which he in turn uses to set up an interesting account of Henry Vaughan's "Vanity of Spirit" as a "retort on Herbert's emergent metaphors of rape and voyeurism" (203). Skulsky is also provocative on John Donne's Holy Sonnets, "where the speaker uses [diversionary littera] in a hysterical effort to deceive the Undeceivable" (112). "For an incurably fissured creature," observes Skulsky of Donne's overwrought devotional personae, "self-preservation lies in exploiting the fissure" (118). But Skulsky's literalistic comprehension of metaphor frequently hinders rather than advances his understanding of secular lyrics. Because Skulsky is such a literalist of the imagination, no metaphor can really work, and every switch in metaphor becomes for him a manifestation of "skewed figuration," of "self-deception," and ul-


studied in more detail and rightfully so. During his two decades in office Sellar strengthened the power of the Audit Office, improved its image amongst federal politicians and departments, and, as a result, enhanced the effectiveness of the office. Maxwell Henderson succeeded Sellar in • 96o and retained the position until • 973, a period marked with increasing public awareness of financial mismanagement in Ottawa. The remainder of the book, six chapters, is devoted to J.J. Macdonnell, including a discussion of his attempts to improve the procedures of the Audit Office to meet the complexities of present-day federal government, the development of the value-for-money philosophy in public expenditures, and an examination of the office's role in the Atomic Energy of Canada and the Polysar affairs of the mid • 97os. But this does not constitute a history of the office of the auditor general. The trials and triumphs of the present auditor general are more important o the author than the historical development of the institution. A history of the Audit Office in Canada must take into account he state of government auditing prior to • 878. No mention is made of the important influence that British financial reforms in the • 86os had on Canadian legislators; the significant career of John Langton, auditor general from • 855 to • 878, is omitted, although he did much to improve the audit of public accounts. This imbalance and the lack of historical perspective are only two aspects of the book that render it less than satisfactory. As further examples, the evolution of the administrative organization of the Audit Office since • 878 is not described in sufficient detail, nor is the relationship between the auditor general and the Public Accounts Committee. The research for this book was based largely on printed government documents, and extensive interviews with politicians, public servants, and employees of the Audit Office, but there are no notes or bibliography. Archival records relating to the auditor general's office are not extensive but the author might have found something of value in related collections. Cordial But Not Cosy is well written and very readable but its flaws as an historical account of the auditor general's office are obvious. If the value-formoney philosophy was applied to this book, the cost would not be justified by the return.


The history of IUDs including use-effectiveness studies development of the modern inert IUDs bioactive IUDs efficacy and adverse clinical experiences is reviewed and analyzed by collecting literature and journal articles on IUDs from 1968-1975; the bibliography of over 2500 citations is included. Topics covered include: 1) patents and classifications of IUDs including designs and material for inserters; 2) biologic action in experimental animals and women (both inert and bioactive devices); 3) IUD efficacy including safety effectiveness and social and psychological parameters; 4) clinical use of IUDs emphasizing contraindications insertion time (postpartum and postabortion) insertion techniques and removal techniques; 5) adverse effects of IUD use focusing on ectopic pregnancies perforations neurovascular accidents associated with insertion and removal procedures uterine bleeding septic complications of pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory diseases; 6) and long-term side effects of IUD use specifically endometrial reaction neoplasia and effects on lactation blood pressure uterine environment future fertility and pregnancy outcome. Patent materials are included along with the bibliography.


ABSTRACT Face-layer density is widely known to be important for bending properties such as modulus of rupture (MOR), static bending Young's modulus (Es), and dynamic bending Young's modulus (Ed), whereas outer core-layer density is not. According to this study, the outer core-layer density is more important than face-layer density in commercial particleboard. Core and face layers were manufactured with coarse and fine particles, respectively. The coarse particles increased bending properties due to the presence of long wood fibers. However, fine particles did not increase the bending properties due to the absence of long wood fibers. Long wood fibers in the outer core layers, as opposed to the face layers, increase the bending properties. MOR can be predicted using Es (or Ed) and outer core-layer density. Furthermore, shear modulus (G) was determined, and the effects of layer density on G were investigated. However, they were not indicated.


The commercial production of Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), including Orius majusculus (Reuter), relies on the use of eggs of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as rearing diet. However, E. kuehniella eggs have become an expensive fodder thus increasing the price of these key biological control agents. The use of artificial diets potentially decreases the production costs. In this regard, establishing a link between dietary composition and fitness could advance the development of an optimum alternative artificial diet for these predatory insects. The aim of the current study was to test the effect of six artificial diets with different macronutrient composition on the development and reproductive fitness of O. majusculus when compared with the effect of E. kuehniella eggs. In general, nymphal survival was not affected by diet, whereas development was slightly delayed on artificial diets. However, female body mass and fecundity were significantly lower on all of the artificial diets compared with the E. kuehniella eggs diet, suggesting that artificial diets were of inferior quality. Within artificial diets, females fed the viable diet with highest content in lipid laid more eggs than those raised on the most protein‐rich diets. We found there was some variation in carcass composition between the O. majusculus fed the various diets, but these variations did not match the differences found in the fitness parameters measured.


State courts are in financial crisis. Since the mid-1990s, state legislatures have allowed funding for their judicial systems to stagnate or dwindle. With diminished resources, state courts have struggled to provide adequate access to justice and dispute resolution. The solution to this crisis may lie in the doctrine of inherent judicial power. Courts have historically used inherent power to request additional funds from local legislative bodies for discrete expenditures. The use of inherent power to challenge the overall sufficiency of a judicial budget, however, has proven troubling. Under the current formulation of the inherent-power doctrine, a state court contesting the adequacy of a statewide judicial budget runs into two problems. First, by invoking its inherent power to compel additional funding, the court may usurp the appropriation power of the legislature. Second, state courts threaten their own legitimacy by taking a portion of the state budget out of the political process. In response to these problems, this Note proposes a reformulation of the inherent-power doctrine. Specifically, state courts should invoke inherent power against a legislature only under a standard of absolute necessity to perform the duties required by federal and state constitutional law. This new standard limits the use of inherent power to situations that threaten the judiciary's ability to perform its constitutionally mandated functions. By cabining the permitted uses of inherent power, the standard respects the separation of powers and preserves the judiciary's public legitimacy. Copyright © 2013 by Andrew W. Yates. † Duke University School of Law, J.D. expected 2013; Emory University, M.Div. 2004; Birmingham-Southern College, B.A. 2000. Thank you to Professor Marin Levy for her advice and support during the writing process. I also thank my fellow editors on the Duke Law Journal, who have become both my colleagues and friends. Finally, I give my greatest thanks to my wife, Janice Watts Yates, who made this Note—and law school—possible. YATES IN FR (DO NOT DELETE) 3/17/2013 7:37 PM 1464 DUKE LAW JOURNAL [Vol. 62:1463


Abstract We have investigated the influence of Ag doping on zinc oxide thin films. Pure and Ag doped, preferentially oriented transparent zinc oxide thin films were prepared by sol gel technique on a glass substrate using diethyl amine as a stabilizer. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the films with hexagonal wurtzite type structure were polycrystalline in nature with a preferred grain orientation in the 101 direction. The crystallite sizes decreased from 34 nm to 27 nm after silver doping. Both photoluminescence and optical transmission measurements showed that the band gap increased after the Ag doping. The structure and optical characterization studies clearly indicated the incorporation of Ag in ZnO. Hence, the observed increase in the optical band gap and decrease in crystallite size can be directly attributed to the effect of Ag ion incorporation into the ZnO lattice.


The public health consequences of cigarette smoking are well-known and cannot be overstated. Despite this fact, the prevalence of cigarette smoking in the U.S. population continues to be significant (approximately 25%), and is even higher in adolescents (approaching 30-35%). Many smokers require surgery and anesthesia, either to treat the consequences of smoking-related disease (e.g., lung cancer) or for other pathology.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of career development, competence and compensation on intention to leave Employees at Ekasakti University, Padang. The research method uses correlational analysis. The sampling technique uses a purpose sampling method, amounting to as many as 30 people. Data collection techniques using questionnaires using a Likert scale. Data analysis techniques using data description, normality test and hypothesis testing using SPSS Version 21. The results of the study illustrate that simultaneously there is an influence jointly with career development, competence and compensation for Intention To Leave, and testing conducted partially, that the development career influences Intention To Leave, competence influences Intention To Leave and compensation influences Intention To Leave.


Military personnel who are deployed for peace-keeping missions are exposed to many hazards, including infectious diseases. One of the most common and fatal infectious disease is Malaria. Although well controlled in Malaysia, this deadly disease is still widely endemic in many other countries especially Africa. We would like to report the case of a military personnel who was infected with Malaria during a peace-keeping mission in Sudan and subsequently died after returning home. We hope that by reporting this case in depth, strategic actions can be taken to avoid similar unfortunate events in future.


According to the depiction in JinPingMei, the city Qinghe has unique features of Xuzhou City in Ming Dynasty. Those unique geographical and historic features reveal the reliable evidence for identifying the author of JinPingMei.


Chromato-mass spectrometry has been used to study C 10 -C 13 adamantane hydrocarbons in crude oils of different genesis. It has been shown that adamantanes are present both in young and in ancient crude oils of marine and continental genesis, and in mature and immature crude oils generated both by argillaceous and by carbonate rock masses. It has been found that adamantanes are present in crude oils in far-from-equilibrium ratios. Here the concentration of more stable isomers of methyladamantanes falls with increasing molecular weight. The relative concentration distribution of adamantanes can be used as a criterion of the genetic affiliation of crude oils. In crude oils generated in carbonate deposits, the concentration of cis-1,4-dimethyladamantane and cis-1,3,4-trimethyladamantane is appreciably higher than in crude oils generated in argillaceous deposits. A comparative analysis of the distribution of adamantanes and steranes in crude oils has been carried out.


A standard TB/DB technology capable of wide-range of adhesives is strongly required for various TB/DB applications. Maximum temperature of backside process was investigated for 5 kinds of adhesives. ZoneBOND™ technology has been demonstrated to have much flexibility in adhesives, resulting applicable to various applications.


Purpose
Despite several research efforts tackling construction project risks globally, tertiary education building projects are not devoid of experiencing risks with cascading effects on projects. In the past decades, there has been increasing application of linear assessments of risks in construction risk management practices. However, this study aims to assess the influence of risk factors on the success of tertiary education building projects using a structural equation modelling approach. This study will further reinforce the risk factors that require attention because risk factors are not linear but interdependent.

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative research method was undertaken in this study, where data collection was achieved via a structured questionnaire survey. In total, 452 questionnaires were administered to client representatives, consultants and contractors involved in executing tertiary education building projects across five public tertiary education institutions in Ondo State, Nigeria. Of 452 questionnaires, 279 were found usable for the analysis, implying a response rate of 61.73%. The Cronbach α test, average variances extracted and composite reliabilities values show high reliability and internal consistency of the instrument used for data gathering. Furthermore, the study adopted percentile, mean, correlation, regression analysis and structural equation modelling for analyzing the data collected upon which the study's inferences were based.

Findings
The study found that three out of six criteria for measuring the success of tertiary education building projects were significantly affected by risk factors while using the structural equation modelling technique. With this non-linear method of assessment, completion to time was significantly impacted by environmental risk factors. In addition, safety performance was also significantly influenced by logistic, environmental and legal risk factors; furthermore, logistics, design and environmental risks significantly affected profit. However, completion to cost, standard/quality and end-user satisfaction was not significantly affected by the risk factors in tertiary education building projects.

Research limitations/implications
The quantitative data used for the analysis are limited to the tertiary education building projects from selected five tertiary education institutions in Ondo State; therefore, the results do not indicate all tertiary institutions in Nigeria. In addition, the findings are based on building projects that were procured through a competitive tendering arrangement only and thus considered a limitation for this study.

Practical implications
Not all the risks significantly influence the tertiary education building projects. Therefore, risk factors with a significant effect on the success indicators of tertiary education building projects should be prioritized for a successful project. While risk factors have not affected the completion to cost per se, the study implies that the resultant effect of risks on other success indicators could have a cascading effect on these projects in terms of cost and time overruns. These results may assist during the project risk management while also addressing complexity and uncertainty to avoid chaos in a tertiary education building projects.

Originality/value
The study found significant construction risk factors impacting the success of tertiary education building projects using a non-linear methodology, an extension beyond the usual linear method of assessment of risk impacts on the project performance.


Through designing different treatments of water and fertilizer under drip irrigation,the influence of N,P,K proportion in fertilizing on mineral elements content in jujube fruit is analyzed.The results show that the increase of N fertilizer can promote the jujube fruit to assimilate and accumulate N、K,while too much N fertilizer will restrain the assimilation P.The increase of P fertilizer can promote the jujube fruit to assimilate and accumulate P and Ca,while too much P fertilizer will restrain the assimilation of N,K and Mg.The increase of K fertilizer can promote the jujube fruit to assimilate and accumulate N,Zn and Mn,while too much K fertilizer will restrain the assimilation of P,K and Cu.Too high contents of N,P,K in soil will reduce the content of Fe in jujube fruit.


Textual use cases are commonly used to represent software requirements at initial stages. However in most of the cases, these documents are unstructured. In this paper, we present a linguistic engine for processing textual use cases and extract a structured model in terms of an annotation model out of these use cases. An annotation model of a use case can further be used to generate various UML requirements models, Business Process Models and ontology. The implementation details of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technique employed by us for the linguistic engine is described in this paper in detail. Also, we consider a corpus containing 123 use cases from real-life industrial projects within our company, and translate them into annotation models using our NLP technique. For evaluating the performance of conversion we use a few metrics and report some promising results for our linguistic engine.


T cell immunity to MTB is both straightforward and incredibly complex.
Th is chapter will focus on results obtained from studies of human T cells, but
draw on studies in murine models where appropriate. It will provide a brief
overview of the main roles played by T cells in immunity to MTB, highlight
some areas of recent research, discuss some of the ways in which T cell immune
responses can be measured in vaccine trials, and identify areas where further
research is needed.


Medical rehabilitation is vital for recovery from various injuries and illnesses, and walking is a necessary basic function in daily life. A seated walking training machine is being developed for people who cannot stand up to receive walking rehabilitation. However, during training or other movement using this training machine, a path tracking error occurs due to a center-of-gravity shift caused by the user. In this paper, an adaptive control method is proposed and used in simulations. First, the kinematics and the kinetics of the seated walking training machine motion are described. Second, the adaptive control strategy is presented. Finally, path tracking simulations are carried out using the proposed method. Comparison with proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control in simulation experiments demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control method.


A series of hydroxyethylated isonoylphenols was studied by PMR, IR, and UV spectroscopy to determine the length of the oxyethylene chain, the character of substitution of the aromatic fragment, and the degree of branching of the hydrocarbon radical. The values of the degree of hydroxyethylation calculated by the increase in weight and with the PMR and UV spectroscopic data, were compared for the first time. The good agreement of the results obtained forms the basis for proposing spectroscopic methods for determining the degree of hydroxyethylation of similar compounds.


Purpose: The use of the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and its shortened version, the Quick DASH, have been used to assess upper extremity function following a transradial percutaneous coronary intervention (TR-PCI). However, the use of these scores has not yet been validated for TR-PCI induced complications in the upper extremity. The aim of this study was to establish the validity of the DASH and the Quick DASH, for the assessment of upper extremity dysfunction following a transradial percutaneous coronary intervention (TR-PCI). Patients and Methods: This study was a diagnostic retrospective analysis of the ARCUS study, of whom 440 underwent TR-PCI and 62 control patients were treated via the transfemoral approach. All participants completed the DASH and Quick DASH questionnaire prior to the procedure and at each follow-up visit up to six months of follow-up. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were constructed to determine the validity of the questionnaires, using physical examinations to determine the occurrence of upper extremity dysfunction, according to the ARCUS study. Results: At each follow-up moment, the area under the curve (AUC) showed a poor ability of the DASH and Quick DASH to discriminate between patients with and without upper extremity dysfunction (AUC: 0.565–0.586). There was no significant difference between the questionnaires (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The DASH and Quick DASH questionnaires are both equally incapable of discriminating between patients with and without upper extremity dysfunction following a TR-PCI. Study results suggest that the DASH and Quick DASH questionnaires are incapable of discerningchangesinupperextremityfunctionasa resultofproceduralcomplicationsfollowingaTR-PCIvscardiacinducedactivitycessation.


A thermal-hydraulic analysis code has been developed with Visual Fortran 6.5 for the investigation of plate type fuel reactors, based on the fundamental conservation of mass, momentum and energy, and some proper constitutive correlations of flow friction factor, heat transfer and property. The Reactivity Insertion Accident(RIA) and Loss Of Flow Accident (LOFA), which have been defined in the IAEA 10 MW MTR Benchmark transients, were analyzed with this developed program. The comparison of some key parameters, such as the core power at scram, the maximum fuel temperature, the maximum clad temperature and the maximum outlet coolant temperature demonstrated that the results were consistent with that in the literature, which indicated that the model of this developed code is proper for thermal-hydraulic analysis of plate type research reactors.


Relevant events in a three state illness-death model (IDM) of a chronic disease are the diagnosis of the disease and death with or without the disease. In this article a simulation framework for populations moving in the IDM is presented. The simulation is closely related to the concept of Lexis diagrams in event history analysis. Details of the implementation and an example of a hypothetical disease are described.


This paper analyzes the defects of AODV routing protocol under multi-rate circumstance, then proposes an improved routing protocol AODV-HC. AODV-HC uses throughput capacity to evaluate a path, and constructs the system of path throughput capacity metric by calculating the link's directed stable and throughput capability. To choose a better path, it considers not only the link's stability but also it's capability to sending data, and then the throughput constraints along many low rate links under multi-rate circumstance are improved. Comparing to AODV,AODV-HC extended the items of RREQ and routing table, and improved the processes of route discovery and route restoring. The results of experiments show that the protocol using new path metric can improve the throughput and packet delivery rate and reduce the average packet delay time under high density distributing of nodes.


The Initial Impact and Effectiveness Of NGP: The Role of MEUFA-CBFMPO in Cabagan, Isabela, Philippines. In the Philippines, President Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III, issued Executive Order on February 24, 2011, declaring the implementation of the National Greening Program (NGP), a government priority program to reduce poverty, promote food security, environmental stability and biodiversity conservation and enhance climate change mitigation and adaptation. This book contributes additional data and information to the body of knowledge which may help serve as a basis for the various interest groups, not only for the implementation of NGP Phase II in the Philippines but also for other similar projects/programs of similar situation and condition in other places, such as the policy makers in making decisions on their courses of action in formulating their implementing rules and regulations, the development financial institutions (DFIs) in setting their objectives and their awardees, the program management agencies (like the DENR in its NGP and its partner agencies like NGOs, POs, private sector) in making their institutional arrangements, the academe, R&D and other institutions.


The need and importance for school office automation system are introduced,and the problem of existing office automation system is discussed,especially the integration problem of distributed system.All of the distributed technologies are analyzed,and taking some school office automation system as an example,the full design and realization process of office automation system is given out by web service technology based on the construct of private UDDI center.Finally,the interface of prototype system is shown.


The fourth industrial revolution is coming, promising to bring together the worlds of production and network connectivity in an Internet of Things (IoT). One capable and feasible technology to build in intelligence to a product is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. This technology uses a spectrum of radio frequency to transfer the identification information between two communication devices: reader and tags. A remarkable characteristic of this technology is that it does not need a direct line of sight between the reader and the tags to establish communication. In addition, it is a low-intrusive technology, which can be easily adapted to the IoT paradigm. The core application of RFID technology is to read a code stored in the tags' internal memory, which uniquely identifies them. Thus, tags can be attached to a large number of different items for numerous pplications, highlighting activity recognition, localization systems, tracking, and mobile sensing applications.
The coexistence of several tags in the same identification zone of the reader provides RFID technology with a great flexibility at the expense of the tag collision problem. Tags share the same communication channel (the air) and may respond simultaneously to the same reader command, interfering and garbling their waveforms. The reader then is unable to interpret the information received from the tags, requiring tags to re-transmit their messages. As a result, tags collisions extend the time employed by the reader to identify the tag set and also the energy consumed in the process. Anti-collision protocols are then proposed to arbitrate the tags' responses, with the main goal of maximizing the number of tags identified by a time unit and minimizing the energy consumed by the reader during the identification process. Most RFID manufacturers currently follow the EPCglobal Class 1 Generation 2 (EPC C1G2) standard. This standard employs the Slot Counter anticollision protocol, which belongs to the Dynamic Frame Slotted Aloha (DFSA) category. DFSA protocols are characterized by providing tags a set of time slots where tags must randomly choose one time slot to transmit their message. The main challenge that DFSA protocols aim to solve is determining the number of time slots that are contained in one set. The Slot Counter protocol follows a set of recommendations from the current standard to face this challenge, but the exact values of some configuration parameters are not specified. Furthermore, the Slot Counter protocol does not scale efficiently to large tag set sizes, because it presents a smooth behaviour. This lack of definition provides large improvement possibilities in the field of DFSA protocols. Consequently, many DFSA algorithms have recently appeared in the literature to improve the performance of the Slot Counter protocol.
This dissertation provides a solution to the tag collision problem by proposing two dynamic and scalable strategies for DFSA protocols: fuzzy logic and tag estimation. These two strategies are then applied to a traditional DFSA protocol based on the current standard, resulting in four novel anticollision protocols. The proposed protocols improve the performance of existing DFSA protocols, including the Slot Counter, in terms of the tags identification time and the energy efficiency in passive RFID systems. Finally, a physical RFID experimentation system is presented to implement and evaluate user-configurable DFSA protocols based on EPC C1G2.


The Covid-19 pandemic situation and cancer burden trend lead the changes in the chemotherapy drugs demand. Chemotherapy can have several cycles of administration that take months. Moreover, delays can occur if the patient's physical condition is not ready to undergo the process of administration, and the data will be complete after several months. The availability of new patients' arrival data is faster than the demand data. The approach to integrating this arrival data into the economic order quantity (EOQ) model is the focus of this study. The demand rate is estimated using new patient arrivals data and the constant transition probabilities. Model development using infinite geometric series and validated by simulation using a spreadsheet. The results show the effectiveness of new patients' arrivals data replacing the demand data with the resulting sensitivity equivalence. Inventory decisions are sensitive when new patients' arrival rates are close to zero.


Cystalline silicon thin-film solar cells (CSiTF) based on the deposition of thin silicon films on foreign substrates represent a promising concept to realise cost effective and still very efficient solar cells. Within the high- temperature approach the choice of deposition technique plays a crucial role. CVD at atmospheric pressure offers the possibility for fast deposition at comparatively small technical expenditure. The application of this process is feasible in industrial production. This paper reports the preparation of silicon thin-film structures on SiAlON and ZrSiO4 ceramic substrates for CSiTF. The silicon layers were grown in an atmospheric pressure CVD reactor constructed at Fraunhofer ISE. The depositions were carried out with trichlorosilane (TCS) as precursor gas and diborane diluted in hydrogen as dopant gas. The morphology of the silicon layer surface and the interface between substrate and silicon layer were investigated by SEM and Nomarski-interference microscopy. A zone-melting recrystallisation (ZMR) step was applied to the silicon seeding layers to enlarge the grain size. In-situ observations and microscopical analysis showed that the layer system on the ceramic samples is unstable and therefore has to be modified to be applicable for solar cells. Keywords: Deposition - 1: Si-Films - 2: Ceramic Substrate - 3:


In the Passover Haggadah it is written that the story of the Exodus should be told and retold through eternity. In this light so should tales of the Holocaust be repeated. Possibly the Passover and the Holocaust are the most universally meaningful events of Jewish experience—one of the archaic and the other of the modern world. Doctor #117641 is an autobiographical work that is not unique in either a literary or a scholarly sense, since the author's intention seems to have been mainly to chronicle the events of a hapless soul caught up in the horrible violence of the "Final Solution." By the author's admission, because he was an intelligent young physician blessed with plenty of luck, his life in the concentration camps was not as bad as that of most other victims. In fact, his fiancee, a nurse (in fact, they never married), probably had a far worse experience,


The present invention relates to a system for a shoe sole with at least one module, to produce the module comprising at least one piezoelectric element which is formed an electrical signal when a mechanical deformation of the at least one piezoelectric element. The electrical signal is adapted to be used as a signal for deriving at least one motion parameter of the shoe sole. The system further comprises at least one first energy store and a second energy store, the at least first energy storage device and second energy accumulators are arranged to store electrical energy, which is obtained from the electrical signal and the second energy store will only be charged after the first energy store comprises a first energy threshold reached.


In the solar flare observed on June 3, 2012, high energy gamma-rays and neutrons were observed. The event includes a remarkable feature of a high neutron/gamma-ratio in the secondary particles. We have examined whether this high n/γ-ratio can be explained by simulation. As a result of simulations using the GEANT4 program, the high n/γ-ratio may be reproduced for the case that helium and other heavy ions were dominantly accelerated in the flare.


Recently, mobile social networks in proximity (MSNP) has gained tremendous attentions, which explicitly explores the physical proximity of individuals, and greatly facilitates their face-to-face interactions through direct communications. Generally, Proximity awareness can be enabled with two methodologies: Over-The-Top (OTT), in which the centralized server determines the proximity based on users' location updates and interests, and intermediate the interactions between proximal users, Device-to-Device (D2D), which allows two devices in radio range to discovery and communicate directly. This paper designs and implements a novel hybrid interactive chatting system, HYChat, which integrates the merits of both methodologies: simultaneously support direct interaction through WiFi Direct when individuals are within each other's radio range, when detecting two devices are out of range of WiFi Direct (e.g., due to individual's movement), it will switch to online OTT mode automatically to continue the interactive chat. Specifically, two key challenges in HYChat are preliminarily solved in this paper: profile matching prior to establishing connection among devices (i.e., layer 2 profile matching), and the smooth switching between D2D and OTT modes. The prototype of HYChat on Android phones illustrates its effectiveness. In brief, the hybrid system HYChat could greatly facilitate individuals' social interaction in physical proximity.


Cloud systems continue to rise in popularity due to their ability to provide access to flexible, scalable systems to be shared among all their users. Several tasks can be executed simultaneously within a server, but have varying requirements for completion. While some jobs may have latency-critical quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, others may have stricter real-time constraints for maximum deadline misses. The introduction of hard real-time tasks, where zero deadline misses are acceptable, results in scheduling concurrent jobs becoming increasingly difficult. In this paper we propose Transpose-Xen, an adaptive hyper-visor scheduler capable of managing the scheduling of tasks of varying levels of criticality, including tasks with hard real-time constraints. Transpose-Xen is able to execute multiple jobs of varying criticality by finding similarities between the resource needs of each task despite potentially executing from separate VMs. Once grouped into these resource sub-pools, or ponds, our scheduler allocates the needed resources to ensure that each job is schedulable if possible. Transpose-Xen also leverages the use of virtual-deadlines, a scheduling algorithm that we use to prioritize higher-criticality tasks without completely starving lower-criticality tasks of resources. By profiling the impact of resource allocation on real-time tasks, different jobs of varying criticality levels can be scheduled concurrently - capable of satisfying both hard real-time constraints and satisfying up to 99% of all soft real-time deadlines.


The publication is dedicated to the memory of the leading researcher at the Institute of History and Ethnology named after V.I. Valikhanov, candidate of historical sciences B.M. Suzhikov. His whole life is connected with the Institute and the service for historical science. This publication provides an overview of his scientific biography, his activities as the head of the Department of Methodology of History, Historiography and Source Study. Moreover, the analysis of the scientific works of the scientist and his contribution to the formation of the worldview of Russian historians is given. Based on the example of the analysis of a number of studies by B.M. Suzhikov, it is revealed that his scientific heritage is still relevant in a today's society.


The chain reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane induced by a CW CO2 laser has been studied in the presence of SF6 as a sensitizer. Vinyl chloride and hydrogen chloride are the main products. The photosensitized decomposition of 1,2-dichloroethane mainly depends on the irradiated laser frequency and is governed by the excitation of the vibrational mode and collisional energy transfer. Arrhenius plots show two distinct regimes, corresponding to the respective activation energies: 96.3 kJ mol–1 for the low-temperature regime and 50.2 kJ mol–1 for the high-temperature regime. The inhibiting and promoting effects of propene and chlorine, respectively, on the chain reaction are examined. The kinetics proposed for the chain reaction are in agreement with the observed data, and mechanisms for molecular excitation and intramolecular energy transfer have been discussed. By using an IR laser, active centres can be generated, and initiation and propagation of a chain reaction at lower temperatures than is possible thermally can be achieved. This may be a way to decrease the energy expenditure and reduce the number of by-products in the chain reaction.


Abstract : The Navy Clothing and Textile Research Unit (NCTRU) has developed an Environmental Control Unit (ECU) for a life support system which was designed primarily for shipboard operations, such as damage control, rescue, and engineroom use, particularly during shutdown periods. The purpose of the ECU is to control the environment within a fully enclosed, impermeable Damage Control Suit (DCS). This ECU uses wet ice in finned canisters for cooling purposes. Closed circuit, forced ventilation is effected with a battery powered fan. An easily replaceable chemical pack containing lithium hydroxide and potassium superoxide provides for carbon dioxide removal and replenishment of oxygen. A highly efficient oxygen-sensing warning device constantly monitors oxygen level within the suit.


Hirschsprung's disease is a disorder associated with an absence of ganglion cells in a segment of the bowel. Total colonic and small bowel aganglionosis occurs in less than 1% of all Hirschsprung's disease patients. Even rarer is the finding of Haddad syndrome, the coexistence of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and Hirschsprung's disease. Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome has approximately 1,000 reported cases, with colonic aganglionosis being associated with 15-20% of those cases. The prevalence of Hirschsprung's disease with congenital renal anomalies may be another underreported finding.

 Here, we report two rare cases of Hirschsprung's disease with significant extension in the small bowel. One case involves a 38-week gestational age male infant admitted for apnea and another case involves 39-week gestational age female infant admitted for vomiting.

 Both infants had rectal suction biopsies confirming the absence of ganglion cells. The male infant had mapping biopsies which histologically showed hypertrophic nerve fibers and an absence of ganglion cells in the colon extending up to 70 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. Calretinin immunostaining confirmed aganglionsis. Genetic testing showed a PHOX2B gene mutation carrying 32 polyalanine repeat mutations, confirming a diagnosis of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome coexisting with Hirschsprung's disease. The female infant had intraoperative frozen sections that identified ganglion cells throughout the colon. On permanent sections, there was an absence of ganglion cells in the upper rectum extending up to 65 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. She also was noted to have agenesis of the left kidney and a urachal remnant. Genetic testing was negative for RET mutations.

 Overall, these cases provide further information on a rare variant of Hirschsprung's disease that includes significant portions of the small bowel. Additionally, this study adds to the documented reports of Haddad syndrome and the connections between renal anomalies with Hirschsprung's disease. Last, this series alludes to the difficulties of frozen section diagnosis of this disease.


Three-phase two-level inverters using space vector modulation (SVPWM) technology are one of the most popular inverter architectures today. The process of designing and manufacturing inverter systems usually goes through the following stages: simulation, hardware design, software programming on MCU, editing … In this article, we will focus on problem researching and implementing the SVPWM algorithm on an Arduino in detail. Besides, it is also based on the experimental survey of the inverter's parameters, analyzing and proposing improved solutions for the inverter to operate optimally. SVPWM algorithm is tested on Arduino Mega 2560 board and small power inverter model.


This paper reports on the implementation and testing, within a full non‐linear multi‐grid environment, of a new pressure‐based algorithm for the prediction of multi‐fluid flow at all speeds. The algorithm is part of the mass conservation‐based algorithms (MCBA) group in which the pressure correction equation is derived from overall mass conservation. The performance of the new method is assessed by solving a series of two‐dimensional two‐fluid flow test problems varying from turbulent low Mach number to supersonic flows, and from very low to high fluid density ratios. Solutions are generated for several grid sizes using the single grid (SG), the prolongation grid (PG), and the full non‐linear multi‐grid (FMG) methods. The main outcomes of this study are: (i) a clear demonstration of the ability of the FMG method to tackle the added non‐linearity of multi‐fluid flows, which is manifested through the performance jump observed when using the non‐linear multi‐grid approach as compared to the SG and PG methods; (ii) the extension of the FMG method to predict turbulent multi‐fluid flows at all speeds. The convergence history plots and CPU‐times presented indicate that the FMG method is far more efficient than the PG method and accelerates the convergence rate over the SG method, for the problems solved and the grids used, by a factor reaching a value as high as 15. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


SUBTITLE: THE HALF YEAR RESULTS OF MANY OF THE WORLD'S LEADING CONTAINER PORTS HAVE RECENTLY BEEN RELEASED: PDI LOOKS AT THEIR PERFORMANCE SO FAR AND TAKES A SHOT AT WHO'S LIKELY TO BE IN OR OUT OF THE PREMIER LEAGUE BY THE END OF 1997.


In this article, we have investigated the effect of cavity parameters such as wall height, wall thickness, side length and air gap inside the cavity on the performance characteristics of equilateral patch antenna. An extensive study is presented by employing finite element based electromagnetic simulator (HFSS).


By non-destructive testingt,he fracture testing,the sem and the energy spectrum analysis,as well as monitoring the state of the pump and other methods,analyse the failure cause for some workshop pressure reduction tower bottom residue oil pump P-17 /1 outlet pipeline and elbow.There are three main reasons: first,when the equipment is shut down,the pipeline is purged and washed by steam and water,because of the untreated clean,pipeline residual sulfur,chlorine is concentrated;the secondi,n a small area,four stainless steel elbow is installed,resulting in residual stress in the formation of stress cor-rosion cracking at the weld;and the third,connected to the pump and the vibration of the pipelinet,he crack expand step by stepa,nd finally the pressure of the purge,the elbow burst into pieces and the pipe-line is cracked.


This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Parental Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (PPFQ) developed by Burke and Moore (2015) in a Turkish sample. For this purpose, the three-factor structure of the scale was tested by conducting Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with a sample of 274 parents with kids aged between 9-17. The criterion-related validity of the PPFQ was tested by checking Pearson correlation coefficients. The structure of the PPFQ was confirmed by testing Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with a sample of 353 parents with kids 9-17. Following the confirmation of the three-factor structure of the scale, reliability coefficients were tested for the whole scale and its subscales via test-retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficients. The results of the EFA and CFA revealed that the Turkish form of the PPFQ was also a three-factor scale as it was in the original version. Additionally, concerning the criterion validity, PPFQ was found to be significantly linked to related measures. Finally, the reliability scores were also satisfactory. These findings were discussed in line with the relevant literature.


Chloropropanols are formed in protein hydrolysates by the reaction of hydrochloric acid with residual lipids associated with the proteinaceous materials used in their production. The products formed from glycerol, triolein, 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine and soya meal have been analyzed by thin-layer and gas chromatography. The yields and isomer ratios of the chloropropandiols and dichloropropanols tormed are interpreted in terms of reaction mechanisms for their formation, which involve preferential nucleophilic substitution by the chloride anion at positions activated by neighboring ester groups. These provide anchimeric assistance and govern regioselectivity through steric and electronic effects.


In this study, three matrices were evaluated immobilization matrix for micro arrays such as: calcium alginate beads, maltodextrins and milled rice, in order to store and preserve Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens, to achieve this, various tests were performed to the matrices by observing the behavior of each organism at each times used in the tests. To test the physical properties of the alginate beads, the calcium chloride and the sodium alginate concentrations were measured, taking in to account that always the appropriate concentration of alginate is 1%.


This article presents a prototype of an antenna that will be part of the communication system between a picosatellite and an unmanned aerial vehicle UAV. The designed antenna is a $2\times 2$ array of patch antennas and has an axial ratio below 3dB in a large beam width (140° roughly). The S11 parameter is below −10 dB in a good bandwidth. Two 1to 4 power dividers are used to feed the array antenna. In both cases, the impedance bandwidth is better than 680 MHz


Traditionally, analysis of food demand has emphasized the impact of prices and income taking preferences as given. The growing importance of food security and controversy about genetically modified foods (GMF) emphasizes the need to understand preference formation and how information affects consumer choices. McCluskey and Swinnen (MS) and Huffman et al. take different approaches to analyze these issues. Huffman et al. introduce an expanded household production function approach to analyze consumer trust of information sources about food. Consumers are assumed to be rational and allocate their resources among food items that have differing labels. They lack information about the meaning of labels and rely on various information sources. Their learning about food is affected by both human capital (HC), which reflects an ability to deal with disequilibrium, and is related to education, and social capital (SC), which reflects the impact of social relationships and networks. Their empirical analysis estimates the relative trust consumers have in various sources of information. Huffman et al. ask consumers about their most reliable source among several alternatives. Not surprisingly, only small percentages considered environmental groups or industry most reliable, while both independent third party and government were viewed by large fractions of the populations as the best sources. We would have preferred to view the individual's relative attitude to the sources. Gaskell et al. studied sources of difference in the acceptance of GMF between the United States and Europe, and found: (1) the level of trust in


The response of the troposphere at 500 mb level to solar magnetic sector crossings (SMSC) has been investigated in terms of two dynamical atmospheric indices, kinetic energy density and square of the vorticity of the main motion. Daily values of these indices at high and middle latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere for quiet and active solar conditions have been computed using the geostrophic wind approximation. No relationships were found between SMSC and these particular atmospheric indices irrespective of solar activity, latitude, season and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) polarity. The present investigations lead to conclude that if any effect associated with SMSC is accepted, it should be associated only with the vorticity area index for low pressure trough areas in winter.