Due to the severe financial conditions, the budgets for the public works are requested to reduce, recently. On the other hand, an objective, transparent and competitive procedure of bidding and contract have been eagerly sought in Japan, due to both happening of " dango", or unfair trade on public works bidding in early 1990s, and the request from foreign countries for the opening of the construction market of Japan." Action Plan for Improvement of Bidding and Contract Procedures in Public Works" was decided at the Cabinet in June, 1994, which proposes to give more severe penalty for the unfair trade, for example. Unfair trades may be increased under current severe conditions, it is important to take effective measures to prevent them. Due to that it is difficult to obtain an objective data on unfair trade because of its nature, there have been few theoretical analysis on this subject. Looking at the fact that the "dango" is completed only when all the people concerned agree to participate, the paper analyzes the behavior using the Threshold Model.


The IBM Enterprise Systems Architecture/370™ vastly increases the potential virtual addressability available to both system and application programs. The I/O model and the application model of permanent data are discussed to illustrate how large virtual addressability can be used to simplify application programs and improve performance. New MVS services that exploit the architecture are described. Also described are data window services, which are callable from high-level languages and provide the capability to manage very large permanent and temporary objects in virtual storage.


The na tural structure of saponins may not stay in the best active state.To enlarge its application and gain intensive insight into the relationship between structure and function,modification of sugar chains in soyasaponins is required.Derivatives of soyasaponin Ab were prepared by adding either dodecylamine or phenylethylamine in the presence of carbodiimide.The semi-synthesized derivatives of soyasaponin Ab with weak polarity were identified by IR,EMI-MS,and NMR.The derivatives can be used for further exploration of the relationship between immunostimulating adjuvant/haemolytic activities and molecular structure of soyasaponins and their derivatives.


Ideally our task should be in organizing the neighborhood — the grass roots level — so that there is an identifiable group of responsive and responsible people whose aim is not living for themselves but for others. We will in time discover that that is the only path to self fulfillment.

Foreword by William O. Douglas, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court: Children Without Justice, a Report by the National Council of Jewish Women by Edward Wakin.


Washington, DC, is switching from spring to summer as I sit down to complete this column. And as such, my tenure as Reference and User Services Association President is coming to an end and President-Elect Beth German is poised to assume the position and this column!As with our day-to-day profession, ALA and RUSA have seen their share of challenges and changes in this past year. The Steering Committee on Organizational Effectiveness (SCOE) is looking at sweeping changes to the structure of ALA, including the divisions. Our efforts of focusing on equity, diversity, and inclusion continues to be a challenge organizationally and professionally for libraries, library workers, and their patrons.


Objective:To establish a method for the determination of chromium in donkey-hide glue by microwave digestion-graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry and investigate the content of chromium in commercial sources of donkey-hide glue.Method:Microwave digestion was adopted in the determination of chromium,graphite furnace temp-control program was optimized,zeeman effect was used in the background correction,slit-width was 0.5 nm,and the content of chromium was determinated under the wavelength of 357.9 nm.Results:The contents of chromium in 30 batches of samples were determinate with the method.Conclusion:This method is simple,credible and usable for determination of chromium in donkey-hide gelatin.


In this study, a work information classification system for the TBM tunnel construction was proposed along with a conceptual model of an automated cost estimation system, with the goal of relieving the cumbersome operation of existing systems. The conceptual modeling of the automated cost estimation system involves systematizing the construction cost estimation process, by organizing a work information classification system in the form of a relational data base which reflects the processes that comprise the construction work. This proposed automation system is expected to be effectively applied to TBM tunnel construction sites as a scientific cost estimation system.


The author deals with transition from modern industrial societies to
service societies. He considers the early industrialized countries and
emergent countries in a historical context and presents explanatory hypothesis
of this change centered on supply and demand. He also presents
deregulation policies, technological inovations and compression of time
and space as causes of this process and points nonproportion between
financial capital and commodity flow, dematerialization of economy, deindustrialization,
transformations of the labor market, decline of national
sovereignty and geopolitical changes as the principal consequences of
this process.


The aim of the current study rs to present multi-faceted instruments to measure the effectiveness of a competency-based approach to Art Therapy for improving the self-esteem of a pre-adolescent girl. The theoretical framework for this approach applies well established Art Therapy and Family Art Therapy theory and practice to contemporary clinical practices in individual Family Therapy. The Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) (Harter, 1985b), House-TreePerson Drawing Test (H-T-P) (Buck, 1970), the subject's self-ratings, ratings of the subject's competence by her mother and her teacher. and ratings of the subject's artwork by objective judges are employed in a Pretest-Posttest research design strategy (Huck, Cormier & Bounds, 1974). The findings of the current study present the competency-based Art Therapy approach as a useful form of assessment and therapeutic modality when working with pre-adolescents. Improvement in the subject's self-esteem is demonstrated in the findings with minor gains perceived by one of her caregivers.


The implementation of auctions through Instagram social media often does not provide legal certainty for the parties participating in the auction because many in its implementation are not in accordance with the regulation of the Minister of Finance Number 213/PMK.06/2020 concerning auction implemention guidelines. So that in its implementation can cause disadvantage for the parties carrying out the auction.
            The research used descriptive analytical juridical normative method. Primary data and secondary data were obtained from library research and field research.
            The result of the research shows that the legal status of the Instagram account @usedbapeofficial was not an official auction house because it did not meet the requirements as an auction house, which should be in the form of limited liability company and obtaining permission form the Minister. Legal certainty for the owner of the goods has been carried out by @usedbapeofficial in the form of the payment proceeds being transferred to only one account, namely Kenneth Lee's account as the account owner but does not provide legal certainty regarding when the owner of the goods will receive payment for the goods he auctions, legal certainty for the auction winner has been provides in the form of information that is listed in accordance with the format filled in by the owner of the goods. Legal protection for the owner of the goods is given in the form of holding funds in the @usedbapeofficial account until the goods are received by the buyer, while for the auction winner the legal protection is in the form of preventive and repressive legal protection.
            The conclusion of this research is the legal status of Instagram account @usedbapeofficial is not an official auction house. Legal certainty for the owner of the goods and the auction winner has not been fulfilled because most of the implementation of the auction on the Instagram account @usedbapeofficial do not comply with the provisions in the regulations of the Minister of Finance Number 213/PMK.06/2020 concerning auction implementation guidelines. Legal protection for the owner of the goods provided by @usedbapeofficial in the form of money auction sales is accommodated in one account, while legal protection for the auction winner has not been fully fulfilled because in its implementation legal protection is not provided by @usedbapeofficial in full to the injured party. It is recommended to @usedbapeofficial to improve the auction procedure into a buying and selling account with an auction mechanism and register its business as a Limited Liability Company, it is suggested to the government to update the regulations governing auction activities through social media, especially Instagram.


Objective. To determine the application possibilities of objective criteria for volume and spectrum of lymphatic dissection in phthisiatric interventions.
Materials and methods. The work was based on results of the treatment analysis of 275 patients, suffering phthisio-surgical pathology, in whom densitonetric indices of pulmonary parenchyma and mediastinal lymphatic nodes were investigated.
Results. There was established, that the changed densitometric indices of mediastinal lymph nodes may characterize the prevalence of specific pulmonary process objectively and to present the criteria of choice for the necessary lymphatic dissection borders in phthisio-surgical interventions. If in the affected parts of pulmonary parenchyma the minimal densitometric meanings of 15 U of Hounsfield (HU) are determined, the ipsilateral lymphatic nodes ablation is indicated, while in 15 HU and higher – the ablation of partial and segmentary lymphatic nodes during the operative intervention. Lymphatic dissection was not performed if the pulmonary parenchyma densitometric indices in specific pulmonary process have exceeded 55 HU.
Conclusion. Lymphatic dissection in phthisio-surgical interventions («sampling») may be performed in accordance to objective criteria for lowering of the occurrence risk for pleuro-pulmonary complications and prevention of nonsubstantiated extension of operative intervention.


The modular construction of many new communications systems offers the possibility for customers to troubleshoot and maintain their own systems. The purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate a set of procedures and instructions for customer maintenance of a telephone system for small businesses. Customer maintenance requires that the customer identify the particular component that is causing a problem, and then replace the faulty component. A set of general principles was formulated to guide the design of troubleshooting procedures that could be used by customers with no expertise in telephony or troubleshooting. Logical troubleshooting procedures were then developed and were described in a step-by-step Trouble Isolation Manual. A simulated telephone system, the "Troublemaker", was used to evaluate the procedures and instructions. With the Troublemaker, the experimenter could specify one of several symptoms (e.g., can't break dial tone) and the particular component (e.g., control unit) which was "causing" the symptom. As components were switched or bypassed during troubleshooting, the symptom tracked the "faulty" component. Ten subjects in each of two groups—one a "technical" group and the other a "nontechnical" group—participated in the study. Each participant was given five problems that required locating the cause of a trouble while using the Manual. During the troubleshooting problems, the participant was observed and was requested to "think out loud." Non-directive questions were asked, when appropriate, to gain information on sources of confusion or difficulty in the procedures or instructions. Several measures of performance were collected and analyzed: (1) success in locating the cause of a trouble (scored using a strict and a liberal criterion); (2) proportion of steps completed correctly; (3) time required to locate the trouble; (4) subject ratings of the instructions and procedures, and (5) type of errors. These results, their use in revising the Trouble Isolation Manual, and their implications for customer troubleshooting will be discussed.


PCOS (Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome) is probably fastest growing health hazard amongst women of reproductive age. The prevalence of this disease in general population is about 5-10% world-wide where as relatively high prevalence in Indian subcontinent (52%). It is characterized by a combination of hyperandrogenism (clinical or biochemical), chronic anovulation and polycystic ovaries. This is frequently associated with insulin resistance and obesity. This particular feminine disorder is not described word to word in Ayurveda. PCOS associated some features are closely related with some of Yonivyapada yet some features nearly bring into its relation with Aartvadushti . PCOS can be better understood with the help of three basic principles given by Acharya Charak: Vikarprakriti, Adhisthanantara, Samutthanvishesha . Maximum congruence of PCOS can be established with Bandhya Yonivyapada . An attempt is made to understand Nashtartva which is the cardinal feature of Bandhya . Word Aartava has been used extensively in Samhita in context of menstrual blood, ovum and ovarian hormones. Therefore Amenorrhea, anovulation, hormonal dysfunction are considered exposed manifestations of Nashtartva. Possible line of treatment is stipulated with Nidanaparivarjan, Samshodhana, Aaganeya Dravya, Savayonivardhana Dravya.


confess ourselves to be so obstinate and so prejudiced that they have made no impression on our minds. If vaccination be a perfect prevention of small-pox in a very great majority of cases, as it must be allowed to be, rare apparent exceptions do not militate against the utility of the practice, but should only excite our efforts to detect the causes to which the anomaly is owing, whether these be peculiarity of constitution, adventitious circumstances, or error in the management, and to anticipate and obviate these as far as lies in our power. Nor do we think that the difficulty of accounting for these anomalous occurrences, or the


Chronic pain studies with the "Big Five" theory of personality suggested a role of Neuroticism and Extraversion. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) has been widely used but few studies have investigated the relationship between its scales and pain. The aim of this study was to assess the mediation of personality and psychopathology in the perception and expression of chronic pain. Two hundred and twenty-three patients were assessed with the Big Five Inventory (BFI), the MMPI-2, visual analog scales, the Beck Depression Inventory short form (BDI-13), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M. I. N. I. ), and the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (DN4). Depressive and anxiety disorders were the most common diagnoses. The BFI is a relevant instrument but the MMPI-2 shows poor psychometric properties. The pain intensity correlated with the severity of depression and anxiety. The psychological impact of pain positively correlated with anxiety, Neuroticism, and depression but negatively with Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. The strongest predictors of psychological consequences were the anxiety score followed by Neuroticism and depression. There is no evidence of modulation of the intensity of pain by the personality but the psychological impact is influenced by a role of Neuroticism and a more ambiguous effect of Extraversion , Agreeableness and the Conscientiousness.


A scale measuring attitudes toward small-group teaching was administered to 442 teachers from 28 elementary and secondary schools in Israel. At least two dimensions of attitudes were identified: control over class and efficiency of the method. Each has been shown to have internal consistency and incremental validity with respect to a set of external variables.


The effects of three forages on plasma components of Holstein cows were evaluated. Corn silage, alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) hays were used as forage sources. Animal's weights were obtained at the beginning and end of each experimental period (21d), to evaluate intake and body weight variation during total experimental period. Blood samples (15 mL) were obtained on 21d of each period, before morning diet administration, to determine triglycerides, glucose and urea plasma concentration. The experimental design was 3x3 Latin Square with three lines and three columns corresponding to three cows and three roughages. Hematocrit concentration indicated that cows showed light anemia. There was effect of forage source only to triglyceridies concentration.


Objective: To compare expulsion rates of IUDs inserted in the immediate postpartum after a vaginal birth and a cesarean section. Methods: Nineteen patients who had a vaginal birth and 19 patients who had a cesarean section at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, were selected for TCu 380-A IUD insertion. With the aim of detecting clinically unnoticed dislodged devices, ultrasound examinations were performed at 1 month and between 3-12 months after delivery; IUDs were considered as expelled when found outside the endometrial cavity or outside the uterus. Results: Expulsion rates were statistically different between the two groups: after a vaginal birth50% (ultrasound) + 27.8% (clinical examination) and post cesarean section0%, with p<0.001 (OR 5.75 –95% CI 2.36 – 14.01).


Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of bacteria to change, rendering antimicrobials (such as antibiotics, antivirals and antimalarials) ineffective in treating common infections, or as pr...


The authors look at Mississippi's revenue and spending, and suggest that the state's tax system should be more progressive and raise more revenue. The income tax could be made more progressive and tax expenditures could be trimmed, the authors say.


In this article, we argue that the economic and financial crisis that began in Mexico in 2008 has not been primarily caused by the US crisis that began in 2007, as many have argued. As we will show, years of misguided economic policies at the national level have been at the heart of the Mexican crisis. On the one hand, the dominance of foreign banks in the country's financial system and the minimal presence of the public banks have greatly limited the range of counter-cyclical policy options available to authorities. On the other hand, in the face of the crisis, Mexico has continuously applied deflationary Washington Consensus policies that have deepened the economic contraction. This article will focus on Mexico's individual problems, which offer important lessons for other Latin American countries with a shared recent history of Washington Consensus policies.


Statistical principles of the analysis of variance are explained and illustrated by detailed examples involving the field sampling of cross-bedding dip direction. Statistical tests of equality of two or more variances or of several means control the risk of falsely concluding that a difference is present and also the risk of failing to detect a real difference of any amount. Estimates of variance components indicate the variability arising on several levels of sampling and the reliability of averages based on different allocations of sampling and subsampling. These methods provide the basis for balancing the statistical reliability desired against the cost of increasing this reliability, and they help to maximize the amount of information gained per unit of sampling effort, so that significant economies can be obtained for regional sampling.


Based on many documents at home and abroad and a series of ventilated supercavity experiments conducted in water tunnel, some problems in experimental study of ventilated supercavity are summarized and discussed. The main contents include the similarity criteria in ventilated supercavity test, the influential law of gravity on ventilated cavity flow, closure and gas leakage problem of ventilated supercavity and mechanism of ventilated cavity instability. Finally, prospect of testing research topics of ventilated supercavity is suggested.


Previous research on Sumi, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in the extreme northeast of India, has found it to have three lexical tones. However, the few phonological studies of Sumi have focused mainly on its segmental phonology and have failed to provide any substantial account of the tone system. This thesis addresses the issue by providing the first comprehensive description of tone in this language. In addition to confirming three contrastive tones, this study also presents the first acoustic phonetic analysis of Sumi, looking at the phonetic realisation of these tones and the effects of segmental perturbations on tone realisation. The first autosegmental representation of Sumi tone is offered, allowing us to account for tonal phenomena such as the assignment of surface tones to prefixes that appear to be lexically unspecified for tone. Finally, this investigation presents the first account of morphologically conditioned tone variation in Sumi, finding regular paradigmatic shifts in the tone on verb roots that undergo nominalisation. The thesis also offers a cross-linguistic comparison of the tone system of Sumi with that of other closely related Kuki-Chin-Naga languages and some preliminary observations of the historical origin and development of tone in these languages are made. This is accompanied by a typological comparison of these languages with other Tibeto-Burman languages, which shows that although these languages are spoken in what has been termed the 'Indosphere', their tone systems are similar to those of languages spoken further to the east in the 'Sinosphere'. Finally, a more global typological comparison of Sumi with 'African' and 'East Asian' tone languages demonstrates that Sumi displays features typically associated with both these language 'types'. This finding suggests the need to re-evaluate this traditional dichotomy of tone systems, and the need to consider morphological structure in typologies of tone. This is to certify that: (i) the thesis comprises only my original work towards the Masters, (ii) due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material used, (iii) the thesis is approximately 36,000 words in length, inclusive of footnotes, but exclusive of tables, maps, bibliographies and appendices. Amos Benjamin Teo December 2009 Acknowledgements I am indebted to a number of people responsible for my education on Nagaland and the Sumi language in particular. First and foremost, I reserve my deepest gratitude for Inotoli Zhimomi, whom I met while doing a linguistic field methods course run by Professor Nick Evans at the University of Melbourne in 2007. Without her time, energy and support for this project, there would certainly be no thesis. Many thanks also go to Inotoli's family – to her husband Nick Lenaghan and her sister Nikhüli Zhimomi (Anikhü) for their continued support in this project, especially for all the times when they had to mind the children or take over the preparation of food (be it the smoking of amichi or the cooking of axone) while I bombarded Inotoli with questions about her language. (A special apology goes to Kivi and Kupo for all the times I stole their aza away from meal time and playtime.) Certainly, I cannot thank enough the other members of the Zhimomi family: Inotoli's parents in Vishepu; her sisters Ilika (Alika) in Hyderabad and Bokali in Zunheboto, as well as Bokali's husband Hekato for their wonderful hospitality during my visit to India in early 2009. I owe a debt of gratitude to Jekügha Assümi and his wife Hekali for welcoming me into their home in Zunheboto, especially to Jekügha, who very kindly donated his time to be recorded and who offered me his own personal copy of Hutton's The Sema Nagas. During this same trip to Nagaland, I had the honour of meeting a number of esteemed members of the Sumi community, including Mr S. Rotokha, the secretary of the Sumi Literature Board and Mr Hokishe Yepthomi, who presented me with a copy of his English-Sumi dictionary. I was also given the privilege of speaking with the Reverend Yevuto who offered a brief history of the Bible's translation into Sumi and presented me with a copy of the Sumi Bible. Special mention must go to Bernice Dzuvichu, who was responsible for getting me the Restricted Area Permit that allowed me to legally enter the state of Nagaland (despite my not travelling as a group of four people, or as a married couple). In the preparation of this thesis, my deepest thanks go to my supervisors Associate Professor Janet Fletcher and Professor John Hajek at the University of Melbourne. Without their invaluable feedback and guidance, both in the process of conducting the research and in the writing process, this thesis would be nothing more than a collection of badly written and ill-formed ideas. Additional thanks go to Alec Coupe, who very kindly gave me a copy of his book A phonetic and phonological description of Ao: a Tibeto-Burman language and also lent me his copies of Geoffrey Marrison's work. Finally, I would like to extend my gratitude to all my friends and colleagues, including Sara Ciesielski, Lauren Gawne, Hywel Stoakes, Deborah Loakes, Mary Stevens, Belinda Ross and Thomas Harris. In particular, I must thank Aung Si, who kindly proofread much of the final draft and provided me with the Burmese examples used in this thesis. I am also very grateful to Olga Maxwell, who assisted both in the proofreading of my earlier drafts and in the provision of much appreciated cocoa products. Table of contents List of abbreviations used....................................................................................................1


An infinite array of parallel current-carrying wires is known, from the field of neutral particle optics, to produce an exponentially localized magnetic field when the current direction is antiparallel in adjacent wires. We show that a finite array of several tens of superconducting Nb nanowires can produce a peak magnetic field of 10 mT that decays by a factor of 104 over a length scale of 500 nm. Such an array is readily manufacturable with current technology, and is compatible with both semiconductor and superconducting quantum computer architectures. A series of such arrays can be used to individually address single single-spin or flux qubits spaced as little as 100 nm apart, and can lead to quantum logic gate times of 5 ns.


The number of tidal flood events has been increasing in Indonesia in the last decade, especially along the north coast of Java. Hydrodynamic models in combination with Geographic Information System applications are used to assess the impact of high tide events upon the salt production in Cirebon, West Java. Two major flood events in June 2016 and May 2018 were selected for the simulation within inputs of tidal height records, national seamless digital elevation dataset of Indonesia (DEMNAS), Indonesian gridded national bathymetry (BATNAS), and wind data from OGIMET. We used a finite method on MIKE 21 to determine peak water levels, and validation for the velocity component using TPXO9 and Tidal Model Driver (TMD). The benchmark of the inundation is taken from the maximum water level of the simulation. This study utilized ArcGIS for the spatial analysis of tidal flood distribution upon solar salt production area, particularly where the tides are dominated by local factors. The results indicated that during the peak events in June 2016 and May 2018, about 83% to 84% of salt ponds were being inundated, respectively. The accurate identification of flooded areas also provided valuable information for tidal flood assessment of marginal agriculture in data-scarce region.


This essay is an investigation into Australia's efforts to protect its endangered species from extinction. It focuses particularly on the effectiveness of the federal legislation dealing with species officially recognised as being under threat, but it also takes a broader view. How effective, for example, have been state and federal efforts to preserve biodiversity by setting aside national parks and nature reserves? Why are species still becoming extinct, even though tens of millions of dollars are being spent to protect nature? And what more needs to be done to prevent extinctions?


With the advent of software and electronics, automotive companies are enabling innovation to improve safety, security, driver experience, and driving automation. Moreover, the complexity and size of software keep growing because of future innovations, such as adaptive cruise control, lane keeping, self-learning algorithms, etc, which all leads to the ultimate goal of autonomous driving. Consequently, increasing use of software over the years, introduced the paradigm shift by requiring automotive companies to develop their systems using architecture and model-based techniques. Although model-based techniques using e.g. MATLAB/Simulink and Stateflow are being accepted in the automotive industry as standard languages and tooling for developing automotive control software, the techniques for system and software architecture are still far from being widely accepted. This is excluding the AUTOSAR standard, which defines the language for designing and configuring automotive software architectures and identifies major architectural components of automotive systems.


A BSTRACT The co-orbital motion occurs when a celestial body (e.g. an asteroid) shares the same semi-major axis with the perturbing object (e.g. a planet), and thus they are in a 1:1 mean motion resonance. Trojan asteroids in the tadpole orbits around planets in the Solar System are these co-orbital objects. The motion and origin of some Trojan asteroids, particularly those on high-inclination orbits, are still not fully understood. In this paper, a newly developed perturbation function expansion, which is applicable to the 1:1 resonance, is used to investigate the co-orbital motion in three-dimensional space. The position of the resonance center and the resonance width are calculated for different initial orbital elements, and the relationship between the orbital types and the initial orbital elements is analyzed. The results obtained by the analytical method are compared with and verified by the results from numerical simulations. A panorama of the co-orbital motion in the wide orbital elements space is obtained.


This paper presents the contributions of micromorphology to the study of the hypogeum of Carrer Paris (Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona), dated between 2878 and 2206 cal bc. The hypogeum of Carrer Paris was first used for a collective inhumation during the Late Neolithic. Afterward it was used again during the Bell-Beaker Chalcolithic for three different burial episodes including Bell-Beaker vessels.. The continued use of the sepulcher highlights the evolution of common funeral practices in the Neolithic towards a progressive tendency to individualize burials parallel to the adoption of bell- shaped vessels. The study shows that the hypogeum was conceived and constructed well in advance of its use as well as the existence of a funeral ritual related to the use of fire prior to its use as a sepulchre. In addition, the sedimentary infilling of the structure by geogenic processes and identifies the post-depositional processes that the burials have suffered.  In summary, soil micromorphology has proved to be an essential tool for the study and interpretation of funerary contexts. In this case, it has allowed us to identify and characterize better the constructive and funerary process of this type of prehistoric burials in the peninsular Northeast.


Though widely applied in light‐emitting diode (LED) lighting and X‐ray detection, respectively, rare‐earth ions doped phosphor and scintillating single crystals still face many challenges in practicalities, like aging of package material and difficulty to construct tiny array structure. Using phosphate glass as the host is quite beneficial for solving these problems while enabling distinguished luminescence. Therefore, Eu3+ and Tb3+ doped phosphate glasses which, respectively, show strong red/green emissions are researched. Superior thermal stabilities (78.69% and 89.35% emission intensities remain at 150 °C) and high internal quantum efficiencies (87.3% and 68.6%) are found to guarantee the excellent photoluminescence performances. The brilliant X‐ray excited luminescence properties are demonstrated by general 19.49% and 34.74% integrated emission intensities of that of commercial Bi4Ge3O12 single crystal scintillator with the change of X‐ray power. Meanwhile, Tb3+ doped scintillating fiber is drawn. Finally, excited by 380 nm LED, color manipulation and white light generation are achieved in LEDs with a structure of stacked emitting layers (mainly Eu3+ and Tb3+ doped phosphate glasses). Many of the as‐constructed white LED's performance parameters are much better than the commercial white LED. These results show that Eu3+ and Tb3+ doped phosphate glasses possess promising potential in LED lighting and X‐ray detections.


If package and board level parasitic models are not correctly included, as in many conventional design flows, the simulation results could be too optimistic as the impact from power and signal integrity (PI/SI) is underestimated. In addition, the process and temperature variations could further decrease design margins. In this paper, a detailed chip-package-board (CPB) parasitic model is applied at different process and temperature corners to investigate how PI/SI impacts input/output (I/O) performance of a 1.6-Gbps DDR3 memory system with the supply voltage at 1.5 V, where eye-opening (heye) is the major performance index number. The simulation results indicate that heye may differ as high as 58% if CPB parasitics are not properly modelled, where the issues would be more significant as I/O data rate increases to multi-gigabit-per-second.


Case C-218/14, Kuldip Singh and Others v. Minister for Justice and Equality,
judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 16 July 2015, EU:C:2015:476.


The ground- and excited-state electronic structures of the photosensitizer bis(4,4'-dicarboxylato-2,2'-bipyridine)-bis(isothiocyanato)ruthenium(II), [RuL'2(NCS)2]4- (where L' = 4,4'-dicarboxylato-2,2'-bipyridine), have been examined computationally in an effort to better understand this molecule's effectiveness in TiO2-based photoelectrochemical cells. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the compound's ground state indicate that occupied molecular orbitals (MOs) localized on carboxylate groups of the bipyridyl ligands (through which the compound binds to the TiO2 nanoparticles) energetically match the semiconductor valence band; the lowest unoccupied MOs lie above the conduction band edge and are bipyridine π* in character. These results suggest that the compound is well-positioned to bind strongly to TiO2 and engage in electron transfer from excited states associated with the bipyridyl groups. Various excited states of the chromophore were identified using time-dependent density functional th...


To keep the data synchronisation and fidelity of each node in wireless sensor network (WSN), we propose a router-combined data fusion algorithm based on broadcast tree. The approximation algorithm is used to transform the optimum aggregation tree into NP-C problem to solve the smallest Steiner tree. Then the cluster-based optimising directed diffusion routing is adopted to construct aggregation tree for data fusion. At the fusion phase, we introduce consensus factor to support degree matrix, to replace original constant factor and provide more weight effect for reliable sensor. The improved support degree matrix will measure the support degree of each sensor to form a novel weighted fusion algorithm. The analyses on simulation show that our fusion algorithm can make data fusion effectively, which also has higher performance in delay, energy and accuracy.


Abstract This study investigates the expression of perfect meanings in thirty English-lexifier pidgins and creoles or related varieties, such as African American Vernacular English or Singlish. The data were elicited with the help of sixteen sentences and a short text from Dahl's (1985: 198–206) typological tense-aspect questionnaire. The perfective, as the perfect's 'anti-prototype' (Dahl 2014: 273), is also considered. The possession of a grammaticalized perfect category is particularly frequent in West Africa, where it is likely to constitute a case of substrate influence; moreover, the gram is considerably less frequent in English-lexifier pidgins and creoles than in non-creole languages, which may be related to recent grammaticalization processes.


Corticosteroid‐binding globulin (CBG) is cleaved by neutrophil elastase converting the high‐affinity (haCBG) conformation of CBG to a low‐affinity (laCBG) conformation with a ninefold reduced cortisol‐binding affinity. These in vitro data suggest that cortisol release by CBG cleavage results in the targeted delivery of cortisol to areas of inflammation. Our objective was to determine whether CBG cleavage alters circulating levels of haCBG and laCBG in vivo in proportion to sepsis severity.


The purpose of the article is to recognize the moderating effect of customer knowledge on perceived service quality and customer satisfaction through customer value evaluation in the Indian banking sector. This knowledge can considerably streamline the effort banks invest in acquiring the right kind of customers. The results of the study indicated that perceptions of service quality positively impacted customer value evaluation. Moreover, customer knowledge strengthened the relationship that the empathy and responsiveness dimensions of service quality had with customer value evaluation and moderated the relationship that reliability and tangibility dimensions had with customer value evaluation.


A multilayer molding apparatus, comprising: a fixed platen; a movable platen; an intermediate platen positioned between the fixed platen and the movable platen to be movable in the direction to come close or be opened, and having a surface facing the fixed platen, a surface facing the movable platen, and a housing space that goes therethrough from the surface facing the fixed platen to the surface facing the movable platen; and a rotary platen rotatably supported by the intermediate platen inside the housing space of the intermediate platen, and having at least one pair of parallel surfaces facing the fixed platen and the movable platen, wherein at least one of the surfaces of the intermediate platen facing the fixed platen and the movable platen is a mold mounting surface on which a mold can be mounted directly or indirectly.


This paper proposes a new type of compact waveguide directional coupler, which is constructed from two crossed e-plane rectangular waveguide with two metallic posts in the square junction and one metallic post at each port. The metallic posts in the square junction are set symmetrically along a diagonal line to obtain the directivity properties. The metallic post inserted at each input/output waveguide port can realize a matched state. Tight-coupling properties 0.79-6dB is realized by optimizing the dimension of the junction and the positions/radii of the posts. The design results are verified by em-simulator (Ansoft HFSS)


Robotic surgery is particularly useful in pelvic procedures, such as prostatectomy and low anterior resection. The paper describes a robotic‐assisted repair of a giant bladder‐ and ureter‐containing incarcerated inguinal hernia.


Thermal depolarization current (TDC) of a cross‐linked polystyrene composite whose conductive phase is mica has been measured in order to study in detail interfacial polarization (Maxwell‐Wagner effect) in polymer composites with stratified structure. The volume fraction of mica flakes in the composite was varied from 0.16 to 0.37. A peak characteristic of the composites is observed at a temperature above the Tg of the composites. The maximum current of the peak increases with the fraction of mica flakes. The behavior of the peak is different from that of TDC due to dipole polarization and the space‐charge polarization of injected electrons. The beginning of a dielectric dispersion corresponding to the peak is observed below 1 Hz at 164 °C. The TDC peak can be explained by Maxwell‐type interfacial polarization. It is proposed that the TDC peak is attributed to interfacial polarization due to trapping or localizing of conductive ions in mica flakes at boundaries between the polymer matrix and mica flakes.


Developing a high performance control strategy for grid side PWM converter of DFIG wind power generation system is a significant point. In this paper, first, deriving and analyzing the mathematical model of grid side PWM converter, a vector control strategy is proposed. Second, the voltage vectors influence on the active power change and the reactive power change was analyzed, a direct power control based on a new switching table was proposed. At last, comparative experiments were tested for vector control and direct power control strategy. The feasibility and correctness, advantage and disadvantage of the control strategy are verified by experimental results.


Inspired by the breakthrough performance of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the effectiveness of covariance representations, the combination of covariances with activations of deep CNNs has great potential in representing visual concepts. However, such method lies in two challenges: 1) robust estimation of covariance in the case of high dimension and small sample size and 2) high computational and storage costs caused by high-dimensional covariance representations. To tackle the above challenges, this paper proposes a novel robust covariance representation with large-margin dimensionality reduction for visual classification. First, we introduce two regularized maximum likelihood estimators to perform the robust estimation of covariance in the case of high dimension and small sample size, which can greatly improve the modeling ability of covariances. Then, we present a large-margin dimensionality reduction method for high-dimensional covariance representations. It does not only significantly reduce the dimension of robust covariance representations with considering their Riemannian geometry structure, but also can further enhance their discriminability. Experiments are conducted on three kinds of visual classification tasks, and the results show that our proposed method is superior to its counterparts and achieves the state-of-the-art performance.


Abstract I first review studies that deal with the tempo of maturation of girls from dysfunctional families in Poland. The authors of the studies used various methods both to gather the data and to compare the tempo of maturation of girls. The methods are presented and discussed here mainly from the point of view of their applicability to the theory of Belsky, Steinberg and Draper [(1991) Childhood experience, interpersonal development and reproductive strategy: an evolutionary theory and socialization, Child Development 62, 647–670]. All the results surveyed here lead to the conclusion that girls from dysfunctional families mature not later but even earlier than girls from normal families, though the standard of living of the former is much lower, on average. This fact is confronted with the very well established finding that in Poland there is a strong correlation between the low standard of living of a family and delayed maturation of the children. This supports the hypothesis that stressful childhood ...


We consider the problem of constructing a map of an unknown environment by an autonomous agent such as a mobile robot. Because accurate positional information is often difficult to ensure, we consider the problem of exploration in the absence of metric (positional) information. Worlds are represented by graphs (not necessarily planar) consisting of a fixed number of discrete places linked by bidirectional paths. We assume the robot can consistently enumerate the edges leaving a vertex (that is, it can assign a cyclic ordering). A mobile robot is assigned the task of creating a topological map, i.e. a graph-like representation of the places in the world and their connectivity, by moving from place to place along the paths it encounters. It can detect edges and count them, but cannot directly sense the labels associated with a place or an edge. In principle, this type of representation could be used for non-spatial environments such as computer networks.

We present an approach to the exploration of unknown environments for which local sensing information alone is insufficient to distinguish distinct places, based simply on the structure of the world itself. Places are identified by a non-unique signature and by using a collection of such non-unique local signatures, an extended signature may be constructed that determines the robot's position (although in certain "degenerate" worlds additional information is required). We describe the "exploration tree" as a representation of a collection of alternative descriptions of the environment. In addition, heuristics are presented that can accelerate the search for the correct world model. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The point of connection of an inverter-based resource (IBR) experiences low fault currents due to the limitation of power electronic converters. This decreases the strength of the power system as measured by short circuit ratio (SCR). In addition, an IBR does not have mechanical inertia unlike a synchronous generator, which reduces the total inertia of the power system. Lack of strength and inertia in the power system causes challenges, such as subsynchronous resonance and undamped oscillations in the case of contingencies, e.g., short circuit faults. Synchronous condensers (SC) can be used to address these challenges as an SC can provide inertia and voltage control by injecting reactive power. In this paper, an exciter controller is proposed for an SC based on an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) in a weak grid. The effectiveness of the proposed exciter controller is verified for fault scenarios in a single-machine infinite bus (SMIB) case in PSCAD/EMTDC software.


This paper reports on the successful development of a fully printed wireless LC sensor for the detection of toxic heavy metals. The sensor, consisting of an inductor, detection coil and interdigitated electrodes (IDE) in planar form, was fabricated using screen and gravure printing technologies on a flexible polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) substrate with silver based ink as metallization. The capability of the printed LC sensor for detecting very low concentrations of toxic heavy metals was demonstrated. The wireless response of the printed LC sensor revealed a very high sensitivity at picomolar levels of cadmium sulphide (CdS) and lead sulphide (PbS).


With recent improvements in healthcare, individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have prolonged life expectancy, and it is therefore vital to preserve their independence. Hand function plays a central role in maintaining independence in daily living. This requires sufficient grip force and the ability to modulate it with no substantially added effort. Individuals with DMD have low residual grip force and its modulation is challenging and fatiguing. To assist their hand function, we developed a novel dynamic hand orthosis called SymbiHand, where the user's hand motor intention is decoded by means of surface electromyography, enabling the control of an electrohydraulic pump for actuation. Mechanical work is transported using hydraulic transmission and flexible structures to redirect interaction forces, enhancing comfort by minimizing shear forces. This paper outlines SymbiHand's design and control, and a case study with an individual with DMD. Results show that SymbiHand increased the participant's maximum grasping force from 2.4 to 8 N. During a grasping force-tracking task, muscular activation was decreased by more than 40% without compromising task performance. These results suggest that SymbiHand has the potential to decrease muscular activation and increase grasping force for individuals with DMD, adding to the hand a total mass of no more than 241 g. Changes in mass distributions and an active thumb support are necessary for improved usability, in addition to larger-scale studies for generalizing its assistive potential.


In order to improve operation efficiency and customer satisfaction and to minimize the turnaround time of vessels at container terminals, a berth allocation problem (BAP) was formulated. An adaptive artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) was proposed to solve it. Firstly, the basic principle and the algorithm design of the AFSA were introduced. Then, for a test case, computational experiments explored the effect of algorithm parameters on the convergence of the algorithm. Experimental results show that the algorithm has better convergence performance than genetic algorithm (GA) and ant colony optimization (ACO). The improved algorithm with rational parameters can effectively solve the BAP.


The author emphasizes the importance of the role of the Passenger Transport Executive (PTE's) in the conurbations. Some of the objectives of a PTE are then outlined. A PTE should achieve complete co-ordination of all forms of passenger transport within an area. It can manipulate rail services and alter the balance between road and rail in order to optimise resources. Its duty is to provide a system which is a practical alternative to the private car and to which citizens will be attracted. The Greater Glasgow PTE is used as an example and details of committees involved given in appendices. The discussion which followed the paper is included. /TRRL/


Music in Indonesia is increasingly developing and in demand so now many people have studied music professionally to make a living. Purwacaraka College of Music was formed with the purpose of meeting the community's need for deepening music science. As a music school, a music room is the school's main requirement, which requires acoustic treatments to produce good quality music sound. The purpose of writing this journal is to examine the application of acoustics to the spatial composition of the ensemble room of school. The research method used is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach and data were collected through literature studies. The results of this study are room compositions with the applications of acoustics that are applied to the ensemble room of the Purwacaraka College of Music through the arrangement of the layout, determining the size of the space, as well as the application of diffusers, sound absorbing functions, etc. on floors, walls, and ceilings to support the acoustics of the ensemble space.


In this paper I describe an introspective review of the development, or invention, of a novel 4D user interface to support spatial-temporal reasoning in the domain of air traffic control. We will use the development of this interface as a case from which to study inventiveness. Through this process, we will propose some lessons learnt about the invention process, and then consider how these lessons can be incorporated in the way we teach HCI students.


The article aims to identify a legal structure for the determination of state responsibility for historical injustices by using the deportations and mass killings of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire (1915-1916) as a case study. It first determines whether the conduct was unlawful at the time it was committed and concludes that the 1948 Genocide Convention cannot be applied retroactively to the events in question and that customary international law provided, at the time, that the treatment by a state of its subjects was within its domestic jurisdiction. The Ottoman Empire, however, breached a series of treaties that provided for the amelioration of the conditions and for the protection of Christian minorities in the empire. The article then discusses whether the conduct was attributable to the state under the law of state responsibility in force at the time of the commissi delicti and argues that while the conduct of the Ottoman ministers, local authorities, and the military can be attributed to the Ottoman Empire, the attribution of the actions of other entities and individuals involved in the killings is more problematic.


In patients with mitral or tricuspid valve regurgitation, evaluation of regurgitant severity is essential for determining the need for surgery. While transthoracic echocardiography is widely accessible, it has limited reproducibility for grading inlet valve regurgitation. Multiplanar cardiac MRI is the quantitative standard but requires specialized local expertise, and is thus not widely available. Volumetric 4D flow MRI has potential for quantitatively grading the severity of inlet valve regurgitation in adult patients.


While suppliers are often an excellent source of product innovation for buyers, their propensity to undertake or continue an innovation project is often elusive. This study examines what factors, including characteristics of the innovation project or the supplier's decision environment, influence the decision to accept and subsequently continue an innovation project involving significant financial investment and cost uncertainty. Through a series of controlled human experiments motivated by behavioral theory, we find that acceptance rates increase when projects are characterized by low real options value or represent entirely new (versus replacement) revenue. While these factors have less influence on the supplier's decision to continue the project, once accepted, continuation rates do increase if acceptance and continuation decisions are made by the same person. We also find that the buyer's choice of contract frame for sustaining supplier engagements (penalty versus reward) has a significant impact on acceptance rates.


Smart grids are developing from the increasing integration of intelligent systems and components into power supply systems. These various systems and components within smart grids have to be connected via information and communication technologies (ICT) to allow a smooth data exchange between systems. Therefore, systems' interfaces should be defined to manage systems and their components. Smart grids are systems of systems. Due to the complexity and high number of interfaces, smart grids have a comprehensive requirements management, and hence, smart grids' specifications are also complex. For example, the integration of distributed energy resources and their power meters as well as the integration of electrical vehicles and their charging station are part of smart grids and have to be planned through a complete and consistent requirements specification for a smooth process. Due to the large number of requirements and different stakeholders who create these requirements, consistency checks should support the specification process for smart grids to receive a proper operation between systems. This paper gives a problem statement about inconsistent requirements and motivates the usage of consistency checks in requirements' specifications of complex systems, such as smart grids and electric mobility. Furthermore, it gives an overview on future work how consistency checks can be realized and knowing techniques can be reused.


We present a robust phase-shifting Moire interferometer against vibrations using PZT and camera synchronization module. The 3D image of objects can be reconstructed from its Moire fringes.


Enhanced oxidative stress contributes to endothe-lial dysfunction via the apoptotic induction of endothelial cells (ECs). However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its important effect remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) on cell growth and death in ECs such as calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells (CPAECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and investigated its mechanism of action in CPAECs. H 2 O 2 inhibited the growth of CPAECs and HUVECs at 24 h with IC 50 of approximately 20 and 300 µM, respectively. H 2 O 2 induced cell death in both ECs, which was accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; ΔΨ m). H 2 O 2-induced CPAEC death occurred via apop-tosis, demonstrated by Annexin V-staining cells and Z-VAD (a pan-caspase inhibitor) treatment. H 2 O 2 increased superoxide anion levels in HUVECs but not in CPAECs. Treatment with 30 µM H 2 O 2 significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutases and catalase in CPAECs. H 2 O 2 induced glutathione (GSH) depletion in both ECs. Z-VAD and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC; a well-known antioxidant) attenuated apoptotic cell death and GSH depletion in H 2 O 2-treated CPAECs. In conclusion , H 2 O 2 induced growth inhibition and death in ECs via GSH depletion. HUVECs were relatively resistant to H 2 O 2 compared with CPAECs. H 2 O 2-induced CPAEC apoptosis required the activation of various caspases.


Abstract : The purpose of this document is to present, as a function of altitude, the properties of strong shocks in air which is in chemical equilibrium on each side of the shock discontinuity.


Today, the brand is considered to be the most important element of the intangible assets of the company. Thus brand and value within a brand is one of the most important concepts in marketing. The brand equity is the term that represents the added value of products and services, and this value is reflected in everything that consumers think, feel and make in relation to the brand. Recipients of the added value can be consumers or companies. In the global economy, effective brand equity management is of crucial importance in identifying consumer needs and preferences, and satisfying them to overcome consumer expectations, thereby increasing the value of the brand, and thus the value of the company, ensuring market survival and establishing the basis for further growth and development. Strong brands affect business results primarily through the impact on three key stakeholder groups: consumers, employees and investors. The Interbrand method for brand valuation was designed to take into account all three groups of stakeholders. The basics of the model are the following components: the analysis of the financial results of branded products or services, the analysis of the brand's role in purchasing decisions and the competitor's brand strength. The goal of this paper is to identify the elements that most influence the creation and maintenance of brand equity, and analyze the positioning and value of the most successful globally traded brands based on the Interbrand methodology.


This paper analyses the causes of asphalt pavement damage by combining the characteristics of asphalt pavement and citing the reinforcement and strengthening of Hui-He highway asphalt pavement and then puts forward the mix proportion for grouting material,grouting technology,control standard of grouting quality and testing method.The practice shows that it attains the expected purpose,and improves the integral strength of asphalt pavement.


Extra-curricular activities in the aft ernoon play a central role in the development of all-day schools. In the debate on all-day education, questions on the extent to which these arrangements enable learning beyond the classroom are discussed. Relevant fi ndings from standardized all-day school research are available. An ethnographic approach can contribute to research as well as to the theoretical debate through its inner view of the aft ernoon program.


The objective of the research to analyses (1) effect of restaurant image to behavioral intention, (2) effect of restaurant image to customer satisfaction, (3) effect customer satisfaction to behavioral intention, (4) effect of restaurant image to behavioral intention, through customer satisfaction as the mediating variable. Population on this research are all customer of restaurant in Karanganyar. The samples of this research consist of 100 respondent, taken with accidental sampling. To test the hypothesis, the researcher using the path analysis. Result of this research reveals that (1) restaurant image have significance effect to behavioral intention; (2) restaurant image have significance effect to customer satisfaction; (3) customer satisfaction have significance effect to behavioral intention; (4) effect of restaurant image to behavioral intention mediated by customer satisfaction. The conclusion of this research that all hypothesis are supported. Keywords: restaurant image, customer satisfaction, behavioral intentions


THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF AUSTRALIA is preparing a website and an exhibition based on the Immigration Photographic Archive it holds in series A12111. The website is a welcome development that will hopefully create greater awareness of the photographs, make them more accessible to family and immigration historians and prompt further considerations of personal and more general histories. Both the website and the exhibition are still in the making, though a trial version of the website has been made public ahead of an official launch. It is appropriate to anticipate both works-in-progress with reflection on the photographic collection on which they are based, not least because the proposed greater exposure of the promotional photographs and their captions may perpetuate official imaginings of how the post-war immigration program fared. It may even foster, as we move towards an even bigger and more culturally diverse Australia, a present-centred nostalgia for a time when immigrants seemed assimilable. After the Second World War, publicists within the Department of Information, then the Australian News and Information Bureau within the Department of Interior, and finally the Department of Immigration itself (operating under a succession of different names) recruited and collected a large number of promotional photographs. The photographs were used principally to attract prospective migrants from overseas. They were also used to advance the overall strategy set by the Immigration Advisory Council at its first meetings:


Most Phase I oncology trials are primarily concerned with establishing the safety profile of a new treatment and focus on toxicity alone to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) defined as the highest dose with the probability of toxicity less than a pre-specified target toxicity rate. When additional data are available, there is an interest in selecting a recommended dose based on PK, PD, efficacy data, etc. We propose a method that uses modeling of both toxicity and efficacy to further guide the estimation of the recommended dose(s) by finding an optimal dose or range of doses that maximizes the efficacy while safety is controlled. The toxicity model is a Bayesian Logistic Regression Model (BLRM) assessing the dose-toxicity relationships. The efficacy model is a polynomial logistic regression model describing the dose-response relationships. This model generalizes the monotonic dose-response relationship and allows for different dose-response shapes. In addition, the association between toxicity and efficacy is included in the modelling using global cross-ratio method. All analyses are performed in the Bayesian framework. The proposed method is evaluated by intensive simulation analyses and operating characteristics are provided. The design identifies adequately the range of the recommended doses while safety is controlled and potentially shortens the duration of a trial by enrolling fewer patients.


Multi-wavelength storage is an approach to increase the memory density with the problem of crosstalk to be deal with. We apply Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes as error-correcting codes in photochromic dual-wavelength optical storage based on the investigation of LDPC codes in optical data storage. A proper method is applied to reduce the crosstalk and simulation results show that this operation is useful to improve Bit Error Rate (BER) performance. At the same time we can conclude that LDPC codes outperform RS codes in crosstalk channel.


An identity of beliefs about maleness and femaleness among the males and females of any society has generally been presumed. This paper examines the sexual ideologies of societies characterized by sexual inequality in terms of divergences between male and female beliefs and in terms of potentials for political change. Four sorts of sexual ideologies are put forward as ideal types. Differences in patterns of protest and change are examined as they correlate with these types.


Eighty-eight nonionic surface active agents, all containing polyoxyethylene as the hydrophilic group, and some anionic and cationic agents have been tested in the labora tory to determine the extent to which they protect wool from loss of tensile strength during carbonizing. Nonionic agents in which the lipophilic portion consists of poly oxypropylene provided little protection even at the highest concentrations tested, whereas nonionic agents containing an alkyl or aryl hydrocarbon group were generally effective. With the latter compounds, the length of the polyoxyethylene group influenced the optimal concentration of the reagent. Anionic agents were ineffective at low concen trations; cationic agents were comparable in their effects with nonionic agents.


This study presents a method of adaptive system control based on genetic algorithms. The method consists of a population of controllers evolving towards an optimum controller through the use of probabilistic genetic operators. A brief overview of genetic algorithms is first given. The remainder of the paper identifies the problems associated with genetic algorithms controllers, and addresses the key issue of stability. A theoretical analysis of the genetic algorithm controller shows the population converges to stable controllers. The controller is then employed to optimize the regulation of a ball-beam system. The dynamics of the ball-beam and the results of computer simulations of the control system are given in support of the developed theory. The genetic algorithm controller is shown to optimize the regulation of the ball-beam system in with respect to an LQR performance index.


Introduced under the Transforming Rehabilitation reforms, the Offender Rehabilitation Act 2014 created a period of post-sentence supervision (PSS) after licence for individuals serving short custodial sentences. This empirical study features on the ground views and perspectives of practitioners and service users of PSS in one case-study area. Findings from this research suggest a number of issues and ambiguities with the enactment of the sentence. These include ambiguities regarding the correct use of enforcement procedures; the antagonistic relationship between third sector and Community Rehabilitation Company staff, primarily centred around transferring cases and concerns over the use of 'light touch' supervision and uncertainties over what the rehabilitative aims of this sentence mean in practice. These issues led to practitioners questioning the legitimacy of the third sector organisation involved in the management of PSS, while service users experienced PSS as a frustrating 'pass-the-parcel' experience, where resettlement support was constantly stalled and restarted at each juncture of the sentence. Before briefly discussing the potential future of PSS under the next iteration of probation policy, this article concludes by arguing that there is emerging evidence of a commonality of failures occurring at every juncture of the short sentence, undermining resettlement prospects for the long-neglected short sentence population.


knows how to govern the passions, which is why Thomas's account of the passions is so relevant here and why Rogers apparently prefers to concentrate on trying to find weaknesses in the natural law argument, or in Karl Barth's exegesis, etc. I do not wish to deny the considerable virtues that mark various sections of this book: it is exceedingly well researched, albeit often to little effect; and the author has clearly wrestled with an issue that promises to beset the churches for some time. But what began to bother me about thebook from almost the outset, and then annoyed me throughout the rest of the book, was the author's rather Pickwickian habit of expropriating common themes of Christian theology for the ends of his idiosyncratic, not to say counterintuitive argument, however absurd on the face of it those themes would be tohis argument. (For example, the reader will be startled to know that those Christians who disagree with the author's conclusions are quite literally jeopardizing their salvation!) In.m.y opinion the author has ended up comnutting the same category mistake that can be found in ethical discussion across the board. No one denies that the concept of natural law makes no sense without a more overarching schema of teleology governing the concept of human nature. And because the combined impact of Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin expelled teleological concepts of motion and organic forms from Western science, the assumption lazily crept in that the same must also apply to human ethics as well. From this category mistake we get the ethics of John Stuart Mill and Friedrich Nietzsche. Readers familiar with the archeological wor~ of~sdair Ma?ntyre will already recogruze this thumbnail genealogical account. But what puzzles at least this reader was the way Rogers would seem to show a familiarity with the tenets of virtue ethics without admitting into his argument the only overarching schema in which that ethic can make sense: the notion of what human behavior isftr. Of course there are many ver~i~ns of v~tue ethics out there, and perhaps It IS no accident that Rogers cites MacIntyre only glancingly.


We present a real clinical case of Willians Beure syndrome with congenital heart disease, and its approach in one of the admissions in the
Intensive Care Unit after undergoing cardiovascular surgery. An integral evaluation of the subject is carried out, structured by the 14 needs of Virginia
Henderson. The main problems presented by the patient are identified: impaired cognitive function, deterioration of urinary elimination, anxiety, ineffective
coping with relaxation, etc. Based on these, objectives and interventions are proposed, a specific execution is carried out and finally an evaluation and
follow-up is carried out to reinforce the usefulness of working by carrying out specific care plans for each patient.


Inspired by the functionality of biological neural networks, scientists have been continuously developing various computer models, with spiking neural networks emerging as the most biologically relevant representation. To mimic the human brain more effectively, integrating the mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity, which are widespread in living neural networks, becomes crucial. Within the scope of this study, a model of the simplest spiking neural network was constructed, incorporating two mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity - internal plasticity and synaptic scaling. It was shown that the first mechanism in the model achieves stability of neuronal activity at a predetermined level. The second mechanism enables the implementation of negative feedback, leading to successful neuron learning and possessing biological plausibility.


Through cloning experiments with the FRras EJ4 cell line, previously described to exhibit a Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA)+ phenotype, three clones with a SNA- phenotype were isolated. All the selected SNA+ and SNA- clones expressed the ras oncoprotein and cloned in soft agar with the same efficiency. We were interested in studying the adhesion and invasion properties of the FRras cells presenting a SNA + or - phenotype. They were first compared in their biochemical properties and we found that FRras SNA- were characterized by a low alpha-2,6-sialylation of their cell surface glycoproteins and a low beta-galactoside alpha-2,6 sialytransferase activity. Using in vitro invasion assays, FRras cells exhibiting a low alpha-2,6-sialylation on their surface were found to have a low invasive potential compared to their counterpart SNA+. FRras SNA-clones exhibit a different morphology from that of FRras SNA+ clones. Moreover, homotypic aggregation assays indicated that FRras SNA- were more cohesive with each other and adhesion assays showed that they were more adhesive to fibronectin.


Continuum Dislocation Dynamics (CDD) is a promising method for a physically motivated, continuum description of crystal plasticity on microscopic scales [1]. By utilizing a higher order dislocation density tensor and considering the action of the density of statistically stored dislocations in addition to the geometrically necessary density, CDD is able to replicate complex features of the dislocation microsctructure. The CDD method has previously been shown to accurately replicate the results of both classical dislocation theory and Discrete Dislocation Dynamics in the idealized one dimensional case [2]. In order to be a useful tool for the modeling of plasticity in real structures however, extensions to more complicated two and three dimensional systems must be realized.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of business excellence tools, particularly the extent of adoption of the ISO 9004:2000 guideline and respondents' perceptions of its usefulness.Design/methodology/approach – In this paper a large empirical study was undertaken to identify the use of business excellence frameworks in Canada. The survey was based on a series of in‐depth interviews with 15 standardization experts who are all members of the Canadian Advisory Committee on Quality Management CAC/ISO/TC176. It was mailed to a sample of small, medium, and large businesses that spanned a wide range of manufacturing and service sectors, resulting in 187 responses.Findings – This paper finds that the application of business excellence tools by Canadian organizations seems to be a function of both the size and location of the organization. There may be differences in use between organizations within different industry sectors, and those with different organizational structures. ISO 9004:20...


Plasma flow data from the AE-C, AE-D and DE 2 satellites have been used to systematically study the distribution of the convection potential around the polar cap boundary under a variety of different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. For either a "garden hose" (BxBy 0) orientation of the IMF, the potential distribution is mainly affected by the sign of By. In the northern hemisphere, the zero potential line (which separates the dusk convection cell from the dawn cell) on the dayside shifts duskward as By changes from positive to negative. But in the southern hemisphere, a dawnward shift has been found, although the uncertainties are large. The typical range of displacement is about ±1.5 hours MLT. Note that this shift is in the opposite direction from most simple schematic models of ionospheric flow; this reflects the fact that our "polar cap" boundary is typically more poleward than the flow reversal associated with the region 1 current system, which shifts in the opposite direction. Thus the enhanced flow region typically crosses noon. In most cases a sine wave is an adequate representation of the distribution of potential around the boundary. However, in a few cases the data favors (at the 80% confidence level) a steeper gradient near noon, more indicative of a "throat." The potential drop at the duskside boundary is almost always greater than at the dawnside boundary. The dawn-dusk potential offset is about 20% of the total polar cap potential drop for BZ≥1 nT, 10% for BZ∼0, and 1% for BZ≤−4 nT. A slight duskward shift of the pattern is observed as the IMF changes from "garden hose" to "ortho-garden hose" conditions. Analytic equipotential contours, given our potential function as a boundary condition, are constructed for several IMF conditions. We find they agree reasonably well with the observed flow data, despite our simplifying assumptions of uniform conductivity and no Birkeland currents within the polar cap.


Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inflammatory effects require acute platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis by endothelial celis (EC). We previously reported that VEGF-A165-mediated PAF synthesis involves the activation of VEGF receptor-2/neuropilin-1 compiex, which is leading ta the activation of p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and group V secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-V). As the mechanisms regulating sPLA2-V remain unknown, we addressed the raie of the mitogenand stress activated protein kinase-1 (MSK1), which can be rapidly and transiently activated by p38 or p42144 MAPKs. In native bovine aortic endotheliai ceils (BAEC), we observed a constitutive protein interaction of MSK1 with p38, p42/44 MAPKs and sPLA2-V. These protein interactions were maintained in BAEC transfected either with the empty vector pCDNA3.1, wiid-type MSK1 (MSKJ-WT) or N-terminal dead kinase MSK1 mutant (MSK1-D195A). However, in BAEC expressing C-terminal dead kinase MSK1 mutant (MSK1-D565A), the interaction between MSK1 and sPLA2-V was reduced by 82% and 90% under basal and VEGF-A165-treated conditions, as compared ta native BAEC. Treatment with VEGF-A165 for 15 minutes increased basal PAF synthesis in native BAEC, pCDNA3.1, MSK1-WT and MSK1-D195A by 166%, 139%, 125% and 82% respectively. In contrast, PAF synthesis was prevented in ceils expressing MSK1 -D565A mutant. These resuits demonstrate the important role of the C-terminal domain of MSK1 for its constitutive interaction with sPLA2-V, which is essential ta support VEGF-A165-mediated PAF synthesis.


This paper investigates the problem of joint massive devices separation and channel estimation for a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided unsourced random access (URA) scheme in the sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. In particular, by associating the data sequences to a rank-one tensor and exploiting the angular sparsity of the channel, the detection problem is cast as a high-order coupled tensor decomposition problem. However, the coupling among multiple devices to RIS (device-RIS) channels together with their sparse structure make the problem intractable. By devising novel priors to incorporate problem structures, we design a novel probabilistic model to capture both the element-wise sparsity from the angular channel model and the low rank property due to the sporadic nature of URA. Based on the this probabilistic model, we develop a coupled tensor-based automatic detection (CTAD) algorithm under the framework of variational inference with fast convergence and low computational complexity. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can automatically learn the number of active devices and thus effectively avoid noise overfitting. Extensive simulation results confirm the effectiveness and improvements of the proposed URA algorithm in large-scale RIS regime.


The article focuses on how business names can influence the public's perception of the organization's legitimacy, improve organizational performance, and support product differentiation with category spanning. The author's hypothesis is that organizational names represent reputation and identity. The two advantages gained by using the common naming strategy, the effect of subtitles in common names on performance and category spanning, the association of legitimation with institutional theory, and hypothesis testing with data for box office revenues from films are discussed.


Ependymomas are slow-growing tumors in the central nervous system. In spinal cord, ependymoma is the most common neuroepithelial tumor (15% of all spinal cord tumors). Ependymoma of the spinal cord with retrograde intracranial metastasis is rare. This study reported a 31-year-old female with thoracic anaplastic ependymoma (WHO grade III) who had received surgical intervention for removal of thoracic ependymoma twice at an interval of seven months due to local recurrence. After the second operation, rapid progression of seeding from spinal cord to brain developed in three months. Other case reports of spinal ependymoma with intracranial metastasis were reviewed and seven other cases with interval of local recurrence, location of intracranial metastasis, outcome, and pathology were also collected.


Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: n important principle of joint replacement is to restore the joint line to its native level. Previous studies have demonstrated a correlation between clinical outcomes and our ability to restore the joint in total knee arthroplasty. To date, there has been no study to assess restoration of joint height in total ankle replacement (TAR). In addition, there is no accepted method for assess joint line height in patients who undergo TAR. The objective of this study is to develop a reliable radiographic ankle joint line level measurement. Additionally, the measure will be used to evaluate and compare ankle joint line levels seen on pre-TAR, post-TAR, and non-arthritic contralateral ankle radiographs. Methods: One hundred and twelve primary TAR patients with weightbearing preoperative (pre-TAR) and 1-year postoperative (post-TAR) anteroposterior (AP) ankle radiographs were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with bilateral disease, concomitant malleolar osteotomy, and component subsidence were excluded. Two raters measured the vertical intermalleolar distance (VIMD, Figure 1) and the vertical joint line distance (VJLD, Figure 1) for all radiographs (pre-TAR, post-TAR, and contralateral normal ankle) on two separate occasions. The measurement "joint line height ratio" was calculated as the ratio of the VJLD to the VIMD (Figure 1). Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Pearson correlation test was used to assess the level of correlation between the VJLD and the VIMD. The comparisons of pre-TAR, non-arthritic contralateral ankle, and post- TAR "joint line height ratio" were performed using paired t-tests and considered significantly different if p < 0.05. Results: Inter/intra-rater reliabilities of all measurements were excellent (r>0.9). Pearson correlation test demonstrated strong positive correlations of VIMD and VJLD with r 0.809 for pre-TAR and r 0.756 for post-TAR, p<0.001. Mean(SD) VIMDs for pre- TAR, non-arthritis contralateral ankle, and post-TAR were 17.91(4.79), 18.96(4.67) and 17.37(4.76) mm. Mean(SD) VJLDs for pre- TAR, non-arthritis contralateral ankle, and post-TAR were 26.49(4.64), 25.47(4.12) and 26.70(5.31) mm. Additionally, mean(SD) "joint line height ratio" for pre-TAR, non-arthritic contralateral, and post-TAR ankle radiographs were 1.54(0.31), 1.39(0.26) and 1.62(0.49). The "joint line height ratio" of pre- and post-TAR was significantly higher compared to non-arthritic contralateral ankle (p 0.0001 and < 0.0001), respectively. No significant difference in "joint line height ratio" was found between pre- and post-TAR(p = 0.15). Conclusion: The "joint line height ratio" was a reliable tool for assessing the ankle joint line pre and post-TAR. End-stage ankle arthritis leads to an elevated joint line compared to non-arthritic ankle. The joint line level after TAR was preserved to that measured before TAR, but not restored compared to the non-arthritic contralateral ankle. When performing TAR, joint line level restoration should be evaluated compared to the contralateral non-arthritic ankle radiograph. The amount of tibial cut should be minimized as much as possible to prevent further bone loss and ankle joint line elevation.


This article was written to (1) the effectiveness of training 3x a week and 4x a week based on the training process at the fitness center and sports club. (2) the difference in the effectiveness of weight training with a frequency of 3x a week and 4x a week. This study aims to determine whether there is a difference in the effectiveness of weight training with 3x workouts a week and 4x week training on muscle hypertrophy.The approach used in data retrieval is a literature review approach with descriptive methods. Based on the analysis of the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that weight training with a frequency of 4 times a week of exercise is more effective than the frequency of 3 times a week training based on public exercises and exercises carried out in training programs carried out in official sports development.


The aim of this research is to prove the applicability of a diagnostic tool which may be used as a guide for the design, assessment and monitoring of business management in any organisation. The innovation of the proposed model resides in the merger of three disciplines: strategic management, marketing and total quality management. Each discipline has a different approach when planning its objectives, but all of them converge in this integrated model. By applying this guide to a logistic warehouse, the applicability of this integrated model is proved as it prioritises the necessary performance in a systematic way while taking into account the strategic vision, the constant value exploration and the continuous improvement.


Cotton is a leading natural fiber crop in the world, and also provides important plant oil and protein. Cotton fiber is developed from a single cell of seed epidermis, so QTL mapping of seed traits is important to reveal the genetic characteristics of seed traits and to understand the genetic relationship among seed, yield and fiber quality traits. Six seed physical traits of upland cotton recombinant inbred line population identified in three environments presented continuous segregation, and the significant variances existed in the six physical traits were affected by environments. The linkage map constructed from the upland cotton recombinant inbred line population (T586 × Yumian1) F2:7 were used to map QTLs for six seed physical traits by MQM method, and thirty-four QTLs were detected, including nine QTLs for seed weight (qSW), five QTLs for fuzz weight (qFW), three QTLs for fuzz percentage (qFP), eight QTLs for kernel weight (qKW), six QTLs for seed hull weight (qHW), and three QTLs for seed kernel percentage (qKP), with explained phenotypic trait variance ranging from 4.6% to 80.1%. Out of thirty-four QTLs, nine QTLs were identified in two or three environments, and they included two large-effect QTLs controlling fuzz weight and fuzz percentage at N1 locus on chromosome 12, and other seven small-effect QTLs. A total of 34 QTLs were mapped on 15 chromo- somes, and among them 20 QTLs distributed on A sub-genome and 14 QTLs distributed on D sub-genome. Twelve chromosome regions have two or more QTLs for seed physical traits in each region, and directions of most QTLs for different seed physical traits, which originated from the same parent in the same chromosome region, were consistent with the correlation coefficients of traits.


A numerical investigation of transonic flow around airfoil Whitcomb by well known CFD program Fluent is carried out. The behavior of lift coefficient in the range of freestream Mach number from 0.81 to 0.86 is considered. The obtained results are compared with the data of similar calculations by another program. An abnormally sharp reduction of the lift coefficient with a relatively small aileron raising for freestream Mach number 0.82 is studied.


This article discusses the formation and functions of GATT and the inclusion of TradeRelated Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) in the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and its possible effects on the developing countries. 1. Formation and functions of GATT The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade-GATT with its headquarters in Geneva, is a binding agreement between 106 governments [1] ranging from the developed to the less developed countries. These countries account for nearly 90 per cent of the current world trade. GATT was formed after the Second World War in 1947 [2]. From all accounts, it was originally considered as an interim measure pending the formation of a United Nations agency to supersede it. For this latter purpose the United Nations Economic and Social Council called an Correspofldena to Anthony Adeloye. The Library, Nrgerm High Commission, 9 Northumberland Ave, London WC2N 5BX.UK. devised by Charles Oppenheim Opmons expressed are those of the author, and not necessarily those of the Insti-


In this letter, we present a pollution source localization method combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial potential field (APF). PSO is used to control mobile agents to move toward the pollutant source according to concentration and position information. Meanwhile, to avoid collision during the movement, it is assumed that there exist repulsions around mobile agents and obstacles in monitoring area. APF is used to construct the corresponding repulsive force fields for each mobile agent. Besides, the residual energy is introduced to balance the energy consumption among mobile agents. Once the agent swarm locates the pollutant source, support vector regression is adopted to model the pollution diffusion based on concentration measurements and distribution of mobile agents. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of our proposed method.


Abstract
 Travel time is an important indicator of network performance used in traffic operations and management. Commonly deployed inductive loop detectors (ILDs) measure time-mean-speed (TMS), whereas space-mean-speed (SMS) is required to calculate the travel time. A well-known relationship between the TMS and the SMS was derived by Wardrop. However, this relationship cannot be used in practice to estimate travel times as it requires knowledge of the variance of the SMS. The variance of the SMS is not measured by the ILDs and is normally not available in practice. A novel formulation is presented in this paper to estimate the SMS using TMS obtained from ILDs. In addition, two additional models based on the formulation are developed to improve the estimation performance by taking traffic states into account. The initial results show that the proposed formulation can used to estimate the SMS, and hence the travel time, accurately using real-world data.


Abstract We can achieve the principle of parsimony and efficiency if homogeneity for panel time series model issatisfied. We suggest a Rao test statistic and a Wald test statistic for the test of homogeneity for panelAR(1) and derived the limit distribution. We performed a simulation to examine statistics with the same chi-square distribution when number of the individual is small and in common with large. We also simulated tocompare the empirical power of the statistics in a small panel. In application, we fit panel AR(1) model usingregional monthly economical active population data and test homogeneity for panel AR(1). It is satisfiedhomogeneity, so it could be fitted AR(1) using the sample mean at the time point. We also compare thepower of prediction between each individual and pooled model.Keywords: panel first order autoregressive model, test of homogeneity, Rao test statistic, Wald test statistic,regional economical active population data 1. 서론 하나의현상에 대해 여러 개의독립적인시계열로 구성된 자료는 실제 현상에서자주 나타나게 되는데 이를 패널 시계열 자료라 한다. 이때


Humans always mount a robust immune response to the bacterial infection caused by Helicobacter pylori, which causes various gastrointestinal tract infections. Calprotectin (CALP) and B-Cell Activating Factor (BAFF) are inflammatory biomarkers having a role in the gastrointestinal neutrophilic response to bacterial infection. The study was designed to assess serum CALP and BAFF as inflammatory biomarkers in H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer patients. The current study comprised 112 people, including 62 H. pylori-infected patients (34 men and 28 women) who were clinically diagnosed with H. pylori infection via testing positive for the H. pylori stool antigen test; they were compared to a control group of 50 healthy people (34 men and 16 women) who were age and gender-matched to H. pylori-infected patients. The serum level of CALP and BAFF were assayed using the ELISA technique. The biochemical parameters were statistically compared between patients and controls by unpaired Man-Whitney U t-test and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. There was a significant elevation of serum CALP in H. pylori-infected patients [116.4(120.7), p=0.0132] in comparison to healthy controls [99.50(115.8)]. Similarly, there was a significant elevation of serum BAFF concentration in H. pylori-infected patients [485.7(367.1), p=0.0014] in comparison to healthy controls [444.5(513.0)]. The ROC curve analysis suggests serum CALP and BAFF as reasonable inflammatory biomarkers for H. pylori infection with statistically significant (p=0.0135, p=0.0015) area under the ROC curve of (0.6361, 0.6748), respectively. CALP and BAFF are potent inflammatory biomarkers involved in the development and etiology of H. pylori infection. Serum CALP and BAFF levels could be used as biomarkers for chronic inflammation induced by H. pylori. CALP and BAFF biomarkers can be combined to diagnose and predict the prognosis of H. pylori infection.


on 16 March 2012, vascular surgery entered the Parliamentary statute books as a separate surgical specialty in the United Kingdom. Up until that date, vascular surgery had been an integral part of general surgery. over the past two decades, the two specialties have been developing a dichotomous mix of surgical skills and clinical expertise, resulting in the present-day consultant vascular and endovascular surgeon being very different from the previous general surgeon with a vascular interest.


System (300) for transdermal delivery of doses of a medicament, comprising: a) a device (100) of supply to be placed in dermal contact with a patient, the device (100) supply comprising: * a tank (101 ) for containing a drug to be supplied, * an element (102) of intradermal injection to deliver doses of the drug to the patient, * a unit (120) for controlling how an external power to the device (100) supply becomes pumping force and to ensure that it is pumped the correct dose of medication and only when a dose is required, the unit (120) control comprising: - one or more rotors and / or one or more elements of axial pump transforming the rotational force and / or axial in pumping force, and - at least one locking mechanism security that prevents any one or more of the rotors rotate and / or elements of axial pump to move, or im otherwise calls over the medicament from the reservoir transdermal injection device until must be provided a dose; b) a device (200) driving separate hand to be temporarily placed near the device (100) supply only when a dose of medicament is required and to be kept separate from the device (100) supply when a dose is required medicament, comprising the device (200) actuating a drive (220) of activation to provide the appropriate amount and form of energy unit (120) control of the delivery device, the unit (220) activation comprising at least one release element to provide the energy required to unlock at least one locking mechanism security for any one or more of the rotors and / or elements of axial pump unit (120) control to rotate and / or they move and to be transformed into pumping force.


The present paper introduces the PCS7 in the vaporization-cooling system in Meishan Steelmaking Plant,involving the structure and functions of the control system and the control object as well as how to control it.The system,reliable and stable,can improve the labouring efficiency,automation level and economic benefits.


This deliverable, the first in a series investigating the sociality of the domestic environment, sets out explicate the historical shaping of the home. We attend in particular to the socio-historical factors through the influence of which the modern domestic space has come to assume its recognisable form. Particular attention is paid to the role of architecture, technology, and the formative character of social interaction. We suggest that these three factors constitute a distinct domestic legacy, which it is important for design to build upon in constructing the home of the future. Background to the study The following study has been undertaken as part of the EPSRC funded Interdisiplinary Research Collaboration Equator. The central goal of the Equator IRC is to promote the integration of physical and digital environments with the express aim of improving the quality of everyday life by building and adapting technologies for a range of user groups and application domains. The home is one of those domains and household members constitute the range of user groups. The purpose of this study is to identify significant social factors that shape the domestic environment and the everyday activities that occur there. The emphasis on social factors derives from the recognition by designers that the success of systems relies on the social contexts in which they are placed and used. The aim of this deliverable is to investigate the sociohistorical context of the domestic environment in Britain, which has shaped the home largely as a result of the process of industrialisation. The assumption here is that, as in the workplace, this historical legacy will have profound impact on design and that developing an appreciation of that legacy will serve to inform the design of appropriate technologies for the home. 1 http://www.equator.ac.uk