Background: Although relatively rare, placental adhesive disorders account for a large percentage of maternal morbidity and mortality in modern obstetrics. Hemorrhage is a major complication of abnormal placentation, and early diagnosis and intervention in these conditions can more readily enable the physician to minimize the risks to mother and fetus. The current widespread use of ultrasound in obstetrics has greatly advanced our ability to diagnose and manage abnormal obstetric bleeding. Aim of Study: To test the role of gray scale and color Doppler in antenatal assessment of placental adhesive disorders in patients with previous cesarean scar and comparing data with operating room finding. Patients and Methods: This was cross sectional study, was carried out in Radiology department, Gyncology and Obstetric Hospital at Ain Shams University, Gyncology and Obstetric Department at Dessouq hospital, Kafhr El Sheikh government, Egypt, on 26 pregnant women with placenta previa and previous cesarian scar during a period of 6 months. Results: Twenty six pregnant females with previous history of CS were included. Ultrasound has an overall good diagnostic role in identifying each type of placental adhesive disorders as according to US findings for prediction of placental disorders from others, there were 14 of the studied sample had P. Accreta as 85.71% with Sensitivity, 100.00% with Specificity, There were 9 of the studied sample had P. Increta as 88.89% Sensitivity, 100.00% with Specificity. There were 3 of the studied sample had P. Percreta as 100.00% Sensitivity, 100.00% with Specificity, 100.00% with PPV, and 100.00% with NP. Compared to the operating room there were 14 (53.8%) of the studied cases had Accreta, 3 (11.5%) had Percreta and 9 (34.6%) had Increta. Conclusion: US remains the primary screening modality of antenatal assessment of placental adhesive disorders or what is called Placenta Acrreta Spectrum disorders (PAS). 2D Gray scale has higher sensitivity than color Doppler in diagnosis of placental adhesive disorders. The presence of Irregular retro-placental sono lucent zone had the highest sensitivity for detection of PAS.


06 in the Oral Abstracts for the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland Annual Meeting 2011 was mistakenly withdrawn. Please see below for the abstract in full. 06 Failure To Rescue-Surgical (FTR-S): Defining an important metric in surgery A.M. Almoudaris, E.M Burns, R. Mamidanna, A. Bottle, P Aylin, C Vincent, O Faiz St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK, Dr Foster Unit, London, UK, Centre for Patient Safety and Service Quality, Imperial College, London, UK Aim: To assess whether variability in surgery specific Failure To Rescue (FTR) rates occur after re-operations following colorectal cancer resection in English NHS trusts. Background: Complication management appears to be of vital importance to differences in survival following surgery between individual units. Methods: We used the Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) database to identify patients undergoing a primary resection for colorectal cancer between 2001 and 2007 in English NHS trusts. Units were ranked into quintiles according to overall risk-adjusted mortality. Highest and lowest mortality quintiles were compared forre-operation rates and FTR-Surgical (FTR-S) rates. We define FTR-S as the proportion of patients with a re-operation who die within the same admission. Results: 144,542 patients in 150 English NHS trusts were included. When institutions were ranked according to risk adjusted mortality, rates varied significantly between lowest mortality and highest mortality quintiles respectively (5.42% and 9.31%, p<0.001). However units within the lowest mortality quintile and highest mortality quintiles demonstrated equivalent adjusted re-operation rates (4.76 % and 4.84%, p<0.001). FTR-S rates were however significantly higher at units within the worst mortality quintile when compared with units in the best mortality quintile (16.8% vs 11.1%, p<0.002). Conclusion: Significant variability has been demonstrated between English colorectal units when considering Failure To RescueSurgical (FTR-S) rate. This variability may represent underlying differences in how serious surgical complications are managed by surgical providers. FTR-S can be derived from routinely collected data and may represent an easily collected and universally applicable marker of the quality of surgical complication management. We apologize for this error. 2011 The Authors 52 Colorectal Disease 2011 The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. Colorectal Disease, 13 (Suppl. 4), 52


In this paper we introduce a methodology of semio‐acoustics to get information on how human listeners associate meaning to acoustic‐auditory events. We concentrate on identifying cues in the auditory stream listeners base the association of meaning on as well on modelling major characteristics of the reference system of meaning. The methodology we use is closely related to structuralism, an approach that has its origins in semiotics. In principle, structuralism differentiates between creating functions, carrying functions and changing functions of systems of meaning. We concentrate on carrying and changing functions here using the following procedure: a sign‐carrier (in our case an acoustic‐auditory event the association of meaning is based on) is decomposed into sub‐units. By a minimal pair analysis we investigate carrying and changing functions of acoustic‐auditory features with regard to the associated meaning. We will introduce the methodology used and discuss first results of a pilot study.


Communities of species are often sampled using so-called "presence-absence" surveys, wherein the apparent presence or absence of each species is recorded. Whereas counts of individuals can be used to estimate species abundances, apparent presence-absence data are often easier to obtain in surveys of multiple species. Presence-absence surveys also may be more accurate than abundance surveys, particularly in communities that contain highly mobile species. A problem with presence-absence data is that observations are usually contaminated by zeros that stem from errors in detection of a species. That is, true zeros, which are associatedwith the absence of a species, cannot be distinguished from false zeros, which occur when species are present in the vicinity of sampling but not detected. Therefore, it is more accurate to describe apparent presence-absence data as detections and non-detections, but this terminology is seldom used in ecology. Estimates of biodiversity and other community-level attributes can be dramatically affected by errors in detection of each species, particularly since the magnitude of these detection errors generally varies among species (Boulinier et al. 1998). For example, bias in estimates of biodiversity arising from errors in detection is especially pronounced in communities that contain a preponderance of rare or difficult-to-detect species. To eliminate this source of bias, probabilities of species occurrence and detection must be estimated simultaneously using a statistical model of the presence-absence data. Such models require presence-absence surveys to be replicated at some – but not necessarily all – of the locations selected for sampling. Replicate surveys can be obtained using a variety of sampling protocols, including repeated visits to each sample location by a single observer, independent surveys by different observers, or even spatial replicates obtained by placing clusters of quadrats or transects within a sample location. Information in the replicated surveys is crucial because it allows species occurrences to be estimated without bias by using a model-based specification of the observation process, which accounts for the errors in detection that are manifest as false zeros. Several statistical models have been developed for the analysis of replicated, presence-absence data. Each of these models includes parameters for a community's incidence matrix (Colwell 13


The objective of this study is to define the geographic distribution of Leopardus tigrinus and L. geoffroyi in one of the few regions of South America where they co-occur, the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), in southernmost Brazil. We compiled 133 records for both species and constructed a distribution map, which shows sharp geographic segregation between them. Leopardus tigrinus was found to be associated more with forested ecoregions in the northern part of the state, while L. geoffroyi records were mainly associated with open habitats of the Pampas biome in southern RS. We present data on the diet of these two species that indicate trophic niche separation between them in this region of geographic contact. Our results thus suggest that these species exhibit ecological partitioning with respect to habitat and prey, and that these factors may influence the observed pattern of limited spatial overlap in this region.


Context: O steoporosis and the increased fracture risk associated with osteoporosis become apparent in men appro ximately 10 years later than women. However, in recent studies, appro ximately 20% of healthy men in the age range 55-64 years were found to be osteopenic. Emerging data suggest a significantly increased prevalence of osteoporosis in men and women with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to age-matched controls, but no specific clinical testing recommendations are available for men. Objective: To determine the proportion of male MS patients with osteoporosis and to identify the factors associated with the reduction in bone mass. Design: C onsecutive male MS patients seen at our MS clinic were screened with dual-X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan for determining the bone mineral density (BMD). A ll patients had neurological Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) evaluation. The results were compared to healthy age-matched male reference population using the Z score and to a cohort of women MS patients and women controls. C alcium, total testosterone, sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), 25-hydro xy-vitamin-D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were evaluated in male patients with decreased BMD. Relevant data on body mass index (BMI), medicatio n, alcohol consumption, smoking, and sexual dysfunction were recorded. Setting: Academic MS C entre. Patients and other participants: Forty consecutive male MS patients, age mean 51.2±8.7 years, and mean EDSS of 5.8±1.9 were evaluated with DEXA scan. O f these, 17.5% patients were relapsing - remitting (RR) MS, 57.5% were secondary progressive (SP) MS and 25% were primary progressive (PP) MS. Main outcome measure: Proportion of male MS patients with reduced BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Results: Thirty-two (80%) of our patients had a reduced bone mass of either lumbar spine or the femoral neck; of these 17 patients (42.5%) had osteopenia and 15 patients (37.5%) had osteoporosis. Twenty-o ne per cent (eight out of 38 patients) had vertebral, rib or extremities fractures. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that the EDSS (P B-0.0001) and BMI (P =0.0004) were the important factors associated with low BMD at the femoral neck and the EDSS was the important factor (P =0.0017) associated with low BMD at the lumbar spine. The same factors emerged as significantly associated with the corresponding Z scores, which are corrected for age and sex. No clear association between intravenous steroid therapy and BMD was evident in the multivariate analysis. Low levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D were seen in 37.5% of patients. Conclusions: The proportion of male MS patients with reduced bone mass is high and disproportionate to their age and ambulation, consistent with an association between the MS disease process and patho logical bone loss. Increased awareness and bone density screening of male and female MS patients over 40 years of age is warranted.


The chapter explains that political power is fundamental to politics and thus of foremost interest to those interested in political science and political theory. Power is implicated in causation but is more problematic as it concerns the capacities of agents and how they choose to wield them. The chapter discusses the contestability of concepts and dismisses those who think that power cannot be analysed since it is essentially contested concept. It utilizes what has become known as the subscript gambit to overcome the contestability of concepts. It argues we need not think concepts are contested even though we acknowledge that there is social normative pluralism. It concludes by arguing that the lens of rational choice is the most useful tool for understanding the concept of power and providing tools for analysing it in concrete political situations


Presents a theory and an architecture on machine skill acquisition and its implementation in neural networks. Particular emphasis is given to the skill acquisition in man/machine systems where the neural network observes control behavior of a human expert and learns rules behind his expertise. The paradigm of machine acquisition of skills implies the machine exploitation of its own skills through the exploration of experience based on the transferred skills. A new neural network architecture and a learning algorithm, referred to as the hierarchically self-organizing learning (HSOL) network, is presented especially for skill learning. The HSOL network is a dynamically competitive or cooperative network with the ability of self-organizing hidden units, and functions as a universal approximator of arbitrary input-output mappings. This network is applied to machine acquisition of game playing skills, and its performance is compared with that of other networks, including backpropagation, fully connected network, bidirectional associative memory, and recurrent network.<<ETX>>


Anisotropy of the bridge fraction of middle isoprene block chains in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the shear flow direction in sheared films of sphere-forming polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-polystyrene triblock copolymers are examined by breaking stress under simple elongation measurements at a fast draw rate, which reflect the bridge fraction. There was no practical difference between the data obtained in two directions at tested shear rate region (5-15 sec-1). The absolute values are close to the values for non-sheared samples. Thus, we conclude that when flow is applied to sphere-forming triblocks, only small portion of end blocks are pulled out to flow and there is no orientation dependent anisotropy of bridge fractions.


...today I ve learnt to appreciate it" Physiotherapy experiences of young people with Cerebral palsy. Nea Vanska Physiotherapy Master's Thesis University of Jyvaskyla, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences Spring 2012 78 pages and 15 appendices Supervisors: Arja Piirainen, Doctor of Philosophy, University of Jyvaskyla, Krista Lehtonen MSc, University of Jyvaskyla The purpose of this phenomenologicalhermeneutic study is to describe and to understand longterm physiotherapy experiences of young people with Cerebral palsy (CP). This thesis is part of the Patient Counselling in Physiotherapy research project of the University of Jyvaskyla and it has an ethical research approval. Data was collected through interviews with ten adolescents with CP from Finland, who have had physiotherapy since small children, 16-22 years. The questions were open-ended and the interviews were taped and transcribed to written language. The material was analysed through phenomenological analysis by Spiegelberg (1982) and Laine (2010). The young people that participated in this research experienced physiotherapy through six themes: 1) physiotherapy as a continuing part of life 2) changing understanding of physiotherapy, 3) exercise in childhood as the basis of functional capability, 4) physiotherapist as an exercise instructor, 5) physiotherapy as a way to maintain physical capability and 6) hope for a better physical capability with physiotherapy. The physiotherapy experiences of young people with CP emerged as a dynamic meaningnet which changes through maturation and different lifesituations. The data revealed valuable insights into to the meaning of physiotherapy from young people`s perspectives. According to the results of this thesis young people with CP view their physiotherapy as a highly important but also a selfevident and continuing part of their rehabilitation. The study participants experience that physiotherapy especially in childhood is carried out from physiotherapists` views and it emphasizes physical capability and exercises over other dimensions of functioning. Results imply the need for considering how to support and enable children and young people with CP to actively participate in decision making in physiotherapy, and how to arrange physiotherapy so that it supports adolescents with CP to better take responsibility of their own health and to actively maintain functioning.


Objective To investigate the differentiating possibility from the adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) into neurons.Methods Adipose tissue from rats was digested by collagenase and adhered stromal cells were cultured. The medium, containing low concentration of fetal bovine serum(FBS) was adapted to induce the cells to differentiate. ADSCs were identified with immunocytochemistry and hemi-quantitative RT-PCR was applied to examine mRNA expression of neuro filament 1(NF1), nestin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Results ADSCs were detected to expressed NSE mRNA and nestin mRNA, but no NF1 mRNA expression was detected, nestin positive cells could be occasionally found in ADSCs, and ADSCs could differentiate into neuron-like cells in the medium of low concentration of FBS, and displayed neuron-like morphology. Conclusion The results support the hypothesis that adipose tissue contains stem cells capable of diffferentiaitng into neurons, and overcome their mesenchymal commitment, The neurons may be applicable as an alternative autologous stem cell source for central nervous system(CNS) cell transplantation.


Isidora Aguirre widely developed a prolific and well known career as a Chilean playwright. She was recognized both nationally and internationally, since some of her major plays were translated. La Pergola de las Flores (1960) and Los que van quedando en el camino (1969) are among her most celebrated works. This article aims to present a rarely studied, but highly influential aspect in her political connections as a playwright. In times of the Unidad Popular, Aguirre created and presented a new theatrical form of short format called T.E.P.A (Popular, Experimental and Amateur Theater) with which expanded the "revolution" that Salvador Allende proposed in several villages north and south of Chile, both during his campaign to the presidency and the first two years of his government under the name of Los Cabezones de la Feria.


ABSTRACT When a subway train moves through a tunnel, vibrations are generated and transmitted to soils around the tunnel and adjacent structures. Subway train operation has an impact on the shield tunnel lining and the soils around tunnel, especially soft soils that are mostly marine sediments having poor engineering properties. An elastoplastic dynamic finite difference model was built by considering the hysteretic behavior of these marine soft soils and the interaction between the soils and the tunnel to study their dynamic response. Elastic and plastic constitutive models were adopted for tunnel lining and soft soils, respectively. Hysteretic damping was obtained with the Hardin–Drnevich model to reflect the hysteretic behavior of soil under the dynamic load. There are two peaks of the cumulative vertical displacement within 2 s of train moving and it reaches a dynamic balance after 2 s. The soil layers below the shield tunnel are under the compression and the soil layers above the tunnel are in the extrusion state, and turn to uplift. Maximum bending moment and shear forces of lining vary and appear at different places. A parametric study indicates that the speed of train and the interface have an impact on the dynamic behavior of soft soils.


Rough set deals the mathematical approach to uncertain knowledge. It has many interesting applications in the area of machine learning, decision analysis, pattern recognition etc., A fuzzy rough set is a generalization of a rough set, derived from the approximation of a fuzzy set. The focus of fuzzy rough set is to define lower and upper approximation from the universal set. This paper gives four operations of open covers and three notions of covering principles in fuzzy rough set. Also investigates the relations of covers and principles. Finally combine the open covers and principles, find the relationship between them.


FIELD: window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing openings, particularly units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes in spaced relationship, namely glass packs. SUBSTANCE: method for glass pack production of at least two glass sheets involves unwinding elastoplastic band from accumulation reel; pressing one side surface of the elastoplastic band to the first glass sheet to create spacing packing extending along the first glass sheet perimeter; installing and pressing another glass sheet to the first one. Elastoplastic band has section extending through elastoplastic band thickness and having width less than nominal width thereof. Strip-like partial surfaces of band sides are covered with glue so that the glue is located in band section having nominal width and remainder, deeper, strip-like partial surfaces of band sides are covered with the second glue just before band pressing to the first glass sheet. The second glue is resistant to water vapor diffusion. EFFECT: improved heat insulation properties. 14 cl, 4 dwg


Cell thermosensitivity of Escherichia coli B/r increases with the cooling rise, especially in hypertonic conditions after heating at 50, 55 and 60 degrees C. A certain relationship is suggested between the observed phenomenon and the osmotic homeostasis system of microorganisms under condition of thermogenic and tonic stress.


Experiments were conducted to give information on the methodology and value of embryo transplantation in wheat-rye crosses. Embryos of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheats were transplanted to wheat, rye, and alien endosperm types. Plants derived from transplanted embryos were used for crosses with Secale cereale. A modified method for transplanting embryos to another endosperm was developed. Results of test crosses indicate that crossing results could not be improved by transplanting embryos to different endosperm types. Findings support the theory of the presence of "crossability genes" in some wheat parents which appear to be the same in tetraploid as in hexaploid wheats.


A design scheme of an oscilloscope for simple,reliable and precision storage of pulse digital wave form of measurement is introduced in detail. The oscilloscope is especially appropriate for the measurement of discontinuous and nonperiodic wave forms.


Dianchi lake,one of the significant water protected area,is a famous plateau freshwater lake in China,and is also the area with highest level of economical and social development in Yunnan province.Taking the Dianchi Lake Basin as the case area,this study extracts the characters of Dianchi basin effectively using the SRTM、SWDB data and hydrographic analysis module which is integrated in ArcGIS.Specifically,this study gets the boundaries and river net of Dianchi Lake basin through the data preprocessing and calculation for fill,flow direction,flow accumulation,watershed and so on,The results are valuable for practical application.


The field experiment of climate productive potential (CPP) and its exploitation of broomcorn millet and spring wheat on semiarid prone to draught area of south Ningxia was carried out for 1997 to 1999. The gradient fertilizer method was used to study maximum yield and yield proper development ratio (YPDR) of broomcorn millet and spring wheat on dryland under limited precipitation. The results of experiment show that average CPP, WUE and YPDR of broomcorn millet on dryland for 3 years (under 3 different rainfall type year) is 1 760.5 kg/hm 2, 0.647 kg/m 3 and 90% separately with suitable fertilizer application of 90kg/hm 2 nitrogen and 45kg/hm 2 phosphorus, and average water productive potential, WUE and of spring wheat for 3 years (irrigated before planting in 1998 and 1999) is 2 554.0 kg/hm 2, 0.903 kg/m 3 accordingly. The CPP, WUE and YPDR on dryland without irrigation in 1997 are 1 158.0 kg/hm 2, 0.690 kg/ m 3 and 85% respectively under 60 kg/hm 2 nitrogen and 30 kg/hm 2 phosphorus applied.


An improved hybrid parameter‐extraction technique is proposed for the small‐signal modeling application in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The capacitance partitioning characteristics of cold pinch‐off GaN device with non‐field‐plate and field‐plate structures are reinvestigated and the scanning range of parasitic capacitances Cpg and Cpd is determined. A systematic optimization approach is proposed to obtain the initial values of Cpg and Cpd. By using the global optimization algorithm, particle swarm optimization, the reliable parasitic parameters can be acquired based on the proposed error function. The validity of the developed hybrid parameter‐extraction method is verified by 2 × 100 μm AlGaN/GaN HEMT with source‐connected FP structure from 0.1 to 40 GHz among the 442 biasing points.


B‐cell depletion can improve disease in some patients with rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis, indicating the pathogenic contribution of B cells to autoimmunity. However, studies in mice have demonstrated that B cells have immunosuppressive functions as well, with IL‐10 being a critical mediator of B‐cell‐mediated suppression. IL‐10‐secreting B cells have been shown to promote disease remission in some mouse models of autoimmune disorders. Human B cells also produce IL‐10, and evidence is accumulating that human IL‐10‐producing B cells might inhibit immunity. There is considerable interest in identifying the phenotype of B cells providing IL‐10 in a suppressive manner, which would facilitate the analysis of the molecular mechanisms controlling this B‐cell property. Here, we review current knowledge on the B‐cell subpopulations found to provide suppressive functions in mice, considering both the pathological context in which they were identified and the signals that control their induction. We discuss the phenotype of B cells that have IL‐10‐dependent regulatory activities in mice, which leads us to propose that antibody‐secreting cells are, in some cases at least, the major source of B‐cell‐derived regulatory IL‐10 in vivo. Anti‐inflammatory cytokine production by antibody‐secreting cells offers a novel mechanism for the coordination of innate and humoral immune responses.


In the paper, the knowledge about the seepage in soil mechanics and hydraulics is introduced, and similarities and differences of the knowledge between the two curriculums are analysed. The results show that the emphasis points of the curriculums are different, and cannot replace each other. Then the teaching and learning of the knowledge about the seepage in the two curriculums is discussed, and it is suggested that the students should set up the knowledge structure by the combination of the two curriculums under the guidance of teacher in order to understand and acquire the seepage knowledge in the two curriculums.


Consider the following problemytt-Δy+f(y)=0,in Ω×(0,T),y(x,0)=y0(x),yt(x,0)=y1(x),in Ω,y=v,on Γ×(0,T).It is proved by contraction map theorem that the problem is locally exactly null-controllable.


The Paleoproterozoic Hutuo Group in Mt. Wutai of Shanxi Province yields various types of stromatolite with different size and morphology. Recently a huge stromatolite was discovered in the stratas of Dongye Subgroup there. After morphologic and ultra- structural morphologic characteristic analysis, geological profile measured and relative growing environment analysis, the "domal" stromatolite in macroscopic view is actually a bioherm composed of large amounts of columnar stromatolites which radially grew on the surface of an initial sediment. The round salients and long-strip-shaped ridges on surface are cross and inclined sections of the stromatolite columns. Microcrystalline calcites composing the columns as well as filling space among columnsand are observed in sections under polarizing microscope, so are the remains of tenuous filamentous microorganisms which interweave together to form up the dark layers. The huge architectural mass requires basically a long-period stable environment with deep water. The well-crystallized microcrystalline calcites indicate that the growing environment was warm shallow sea with weak hydrodynamic condition and high deposition rate, perhaps the subtidal zone.


In this paper we describe a novel clutter cancellation platform based on a two stage approach that combines a feedback guided predictive front-end hybrid clutter canceller with high performance back-end filtering and target detection. The front-end architecture is based on an FPGA implementation of a Kalman filter that predicts target locations in real time and removes the target signals from the incoming data prior to hybrid cancellation. The back-end is user configurable and exploits high performance GPU and multi-core parallel hardware to simultaneously compute multiple clutter suppression and target detection algorithms coupled to an intelligent selection strategy for selecting the most accurate result. These target locations are fed back to the FPGA Kalman filter periodically to update the target predictions.


Abstract Purpose: National efforts exist to safely reduce the rate of cesarean delivery, a major source of increased morbidity and healthcare costs. This is a report of a quality improvement study targeting reduction of primary cesarean deliveries. Materials and methods: From March 2014 to March 2016, interventions included a nested case-control review of local risk factors, provider and patient education, multidisciplinary reviews based on published guidelines with feedback, provider report cards, commitment to labor duration guidelines, and a focus on natural labor. Primary outcomes were the total primary singleton vertex and the nulliparous term singleton vertex (NTSV) cesarean delivery rates. Secondary outcome measures were postpartum hemorrhage, chorioamnionitis, perineal laceration, operative delivery, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality. Statistical process control charts identified significant temporal trends. Results: Control chart analysis demonstrated that the institutional cesarean delivery rate was due to culture and not "outlier" obstetricians. The primary singleton vertex cesarean rate decreased from 23.4% to 14.1% and the NTSV rate decreased from 34.5% to 19.2% (both p < .0001). There was a decrease in NICU admission but no significant changes in postpartum hemorrhage, chorioamnionitis, stillbirth, or neonatal mortality. Conclusions: Structured quality improvement initiatives may decrease primary cesarean deliveries without increasing maternal or perinatal morbidity.


Superferritic stainless steels used in condensers and heat exchangers feature excellent resistance to corrosion-especially to corrosion caused by acid chlorides and microbiological attack. In the 25 years since their introduction as a lower-cost alternative to titanium and high-performance nickel alloys, superferritics have become the material of choice for most designers.


To provide a new forming methods of treatment using a combination of chemotherapeutic agents and radiation. It provides a method of treating neoplasia using the radiation A chemotherapeutic agent. By performing the radiation treatment with the compounds described herein, the synergistic effect is exhibited with respect to cancer treatment. Compounds of formula (I): [Formula 1] (Wherein, X, Y, Z, , The cells sensitize enhanced sensitivity to radiotherapy cells. .FIELD 5


Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) technologies are among the most popular and cost effective methods for packaging of medium to high I/O count semiconductor chips. Computational simulations with three dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) software are often utilized to predict the stresses, strains, and deformations of PBGA assemblies subjected to thermal cycling. These simulation results are then coupled with appropriate failure criteria to estimate solder joint fatigue life.


Dispersing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using surfactants into water requires ultrasonication that supplies mechanical energy to debundle and exfoliate CNTs. However, sonication is known to damage CNTs and to cut them into short fragments. Also, the CNT concentration in water dispersion is typically limited to up to 1.0 wt %. Here, we show that by using a sulfuric acid pretreatment, we can enhance the debundling of CNTs and reduce subsequent sonication to achieve homogeneous dispersions without damaging CNTs. Additionally, using a progressive and controlled dialysis, we are able to increase the CNT concentration up to 1.8 wt %. We demonstrate that such highly concentrated dispersions can be used as spin dopes to fabricate continuous fibers. Our fibers have an electrical conductivity up to 580 kS/m, a tensile strength of ∼1 GPa, and a Young's modulus of 123 GPa, exceeding the mechanical properties of related fibers made from conventional surfactant-stabilized dispersions of sonicated CNTs.


Emotional intelligence and job insecurity are important to study because they can have an impact both on an individual's professional and personal life; however, research on emotional intelligence ...


Each chapter begins with "Learning Goals" and concludes with "Exercises." Preface. 1. Why We Do Research. Everyday Thinking. Scientific Thinking. The Purposes of Scientific Research. Research Methods. 2. Finding Ideas to Research. Generating Topics. Searching for Research. Literature Reviews. Theory and Reasoning. The Ethics of Research. 3. Designing Research: Concepts, Hypotheses, and Measurement. Defining and Operationalizing Variables. Levels of Measurement. Accuracy and Consistency in Measurement. 4. Developing a Questionnaire. Using Questionnaires in Survey Research. Conceptualizing the Task. Measuring Attitudes and Opinions. Measuring Behavior. Demographics. Formatting the Questionnaire. Pilot Testing the Questionnaire. Finding Respondents. 5. Sampling. Some Basic Sampling Concepts. Probability Sampling. Non-Probability Sampling. Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies. Sample Size. 6. Presenting Data: Descriptive Statistics. Presenting Univariate Data. The Normal Curve and Z-Scores. 7. Analyzing Data: Bivariate Relationships. Presenting Nominal and Ordinal Data In Tables. Testing Bivariate Relationships. 8. Analyzing Data: Comparing Means. T-Tests. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Differences not Strength. 9. Analyzing Data: Multiple Variables. Elaborating Relationships: Control Variables. Multiple Relationships. 10. Presenting Results, Making Conclusions, and Writing Reports. Interpretations and Conclusions. Audiences and Reports. The Journey Finishes. Appendix. References. Index.


Source-separating urine for nutrient recovery may provide multiple benefits with regards to wastewater management, water conservation, and an impending phosphorus fertilizer shortage. Municipal wastewater systems are designed to treat the combination of urine, feces and graywater produced in household applications. Urine accounts for 1% of wastewater by volume, but provides 70-90% of nitrogen, 35-70% of phosphorus and 50% of the contaminants of emerging concern entering municipal wastewater treatment (Larsen and Gujer 1996). Research has shown managing source-separated urine for nutrient recovery is a more cost effective and less treatment intensive method than using traditional systems found in municipal wastewater plants. Phosphorus fertilizer shortages are projected as current sources diminish and become increasingly difficult to extract and refine. Phosphorus based-fertilizer recovery, in the form of 99.9% pure struvite also known as magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNH4PO4•6H2O), has been demonstrated successfully in full-scale sidestream treatment using dewatering liquor from anaerobically digested solids (centrate) processed through upflow fluidized bed reactor technologies (Britton et al. 2005). Prior research determined the influence of pH, magnesium to phosphorus (Mg:P) molar ratio, and age of urine on purity, pharmaceutical content and pathogen inclusion in struvite precipitated from source-separated urine. This is the first known example of an attempt to produce a commercially viable struvite product from source-separated urine in a fluidized bed reactor of a design that has been used successfully for struvite recovery in conventional wastewater applications. In order to assess the feasibility of nutrient recovery of phosphorus-based fertilizer recovery from source-separated urine, the first office-based urine separation and collection building was implemented in the U.S. Urine was collected, in a 400 gallon capacity underground sealed manhole, from HRSD's Main office building beginning in March 2015 from five men's waterless urinals and one women's separating toilet. Urine was collected from the manhole on a monthly basis in 275 and 330 gallon plastic totes stored at the HRSD Nansemond WWTP in Suffolk, VA. Collected urine was allowed to age while in storage to encourage the precipitation of excess multivalent cations that may interfere with struvite precipitation and inactivation of pathogens that may be present. An upflow fluidized bed reactor (UFBR) was used to precipitate and recover struvite as slowrelease phosphorus based fertilizer (prill); the reactor was loaned to Hampton Roads Sanitation


Globally,coastal ecosystems are among the most intensively used and threatened natural systems which is acting on numerous critical benefits( i. e. ecosystem services) that are of great importance to the Earth' s life-support system. Therefore,valuing the ecosystem services before and after sea reclamation is crucial to marine management and the sustainable development of marine sources. In this study,based on the observed and collected data of subaqueous bedforms,sediments and hydrodynamics from 1985 to 2005,we analyzed coastal evolution and valued ecosystem services at Gudong Coast in the Yellow River Delta after the building of Gudong seawall in 1985,using ecological and dynamical geomorphology method. The results showed that the north coasts of Gudong had suffered from serious erosion because of dominated marine condition while the south coasts of Gudong controlled by water and sediments discharged from the Yellow River estuary. Gudong coasts were thus divided into four areas: back area of the levee,root area of the levee,infront area of the levee and outer sea area of the levee. It is demonstrated that the value loss of coastal ecosystem services at Gudong coasts during 1985—2005 was huge and would be larger in the future according to the loss appraisal of ecosystem services. Whereas,the groins could improve sedimentary environment at Gudong coasts and then reduce the loss of ecosystem services effectively.


This paper examines Felix Holt, the Radical from the perspective of psychological developmental theonsts of 1980s such as Nancy Chodorow and Jean Baker Miller. All these psychological theorists argue that Sigmund Freud is prejudiced when he suggests a hypothesis concerned about the psychological developments of a boy and a girl. His hypothesis is that the boy's psychological development is normnal and natural because he achieves his independence from his mother without difficulty while a girl clings to her mother failing to achieve her detachment from her mother. So the girl's psychological development is inferior, immature, or problematic according to Freud. However, these new psychological theorists insist that the feminine characteristics such as attachment, intimate relationship, mutual dependence shown in the woman's psychological development are not weak points but strong points for human existence. Josephine Donovan calls feminism of these new psychological theorists as cultural feminism which has existed along with Enlightenment liberal feminism from the nineteenth-century on.
Using the term of Donovan's cultural femlinism I approach George Eliot's cultural feminism of Felix Holt, the Radical. Especially I pay attention to how Esther Lyon, the heroine of the novel, develops morally from a conventional woman who wants to become a lady of the upper class society to a moral being who practices her feminine values for herself and for her society actively.


In this article we dealt with the development of a new method of chemical etching on dental implant materials, Grade 2 and Grade 5 titanium. Certain process creates reproducible homogenous and microrough surface, furthermore improves the reproducibility and productivity for industry appliance. During the research we modified the surface roughness of 2 mm thick samples in a single step of acid etching with a mixture of HF, HNO3 and distilled water varying the etching time (15-600 seconds). After the surface treatment we obtained the changes of mass and the surface roughness on both sides of every sample. The resulting surface was examined with stereo-and electron microscopy. Based on our results we can determine a parameter setting where the homogenous and microrough surface is reproducible.


he general objective of this research is to describe the general character educationimplementation applied in SD Muhammadiyah Baturan Karanganyar This research isdescriptive qualitative study. The sources of the research data consists of the informant, places(events), and document. Data collection technique used in this study were (1) observations(2) in-depth interviews with teachers, parents and students of SD Muhammadiyah BaturanKaranganyar. (3) Documentation. To test the validity of the data used triangulation of data andinformants. Analysis using the interactive analysis techniques that includes four components:data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results ofthis researchis: Teachers in SD Muhammadiyah Baturan have attempted to prepare learning model ofcharacter, but have not had the right model to reinforce character education to students. character, education, primary education


This text develops a comprehensive and systematic framework and utilizes statistical method to study work values and comparison of employees in the USA and Japan. It pays attention to qualitative theory building and also quantitative computerized research methods. The text is designed for: those interested in American and Japanese employees and management, in American and Japanese cultures, in cross cultural comparative studies, in LISREL models, managers, organizational theorists, sociologists, psychologists, and researchers interested in quantitative computer usage.


Environmental issues related to agriculture, and especially to animal production, are prominent in the regulatory agenda and are an area where the general public expects improvements. Many of the issues can be mitigated with changes in farm management practices. There is considerable potential for improvement, but before actions are recommended or mandated, it is important to document what are the current management practices and how they vary across the country and with farm size. This is the first of a series of papers that describes a large-scale livestock farm practices survey (LFPS) conducted across livestock farms in Canada, emphasizing manure nitrogen (N) management as it affects ammonia (NH3) emissions to the atmosphere. However, the survey results have much broader applicability. In this paper, the development of the survey and sampling strategy is described along with the results for the three main poultry sectors in Canada: broiler, layer and turkey. Husbandry in each poultry sector is generall...


There are lots of paired factors in the university. Analyzing these paired factors,we could better understand the main features in a university such as structure,function,style,and even the whole collegial system. This article mainly analyzes the paired factors such as teacher vs student,teaching vs research,academic association vs administration,elite culture vs mass culture,scientific education vs humanity education. This offers a new perspective to understand how the university works.


There are several candidate explanations for the Feldstein--Horioka puzzle. This paper provides a quantitative assessment of the relative role of the existing explanations for saving--investment comovement performing time-frequency domain analysis for nine countries from 1885 to 2010. The main findings are summarized as follows. First, in large economies, such as the US and Italy, to a greater extent high correlations between saving and investment are observed than in middle-sized and small countries. Second, we obtain two groups of countries in terms of time-changing patterns of correlations: U-shaped and decreasing patterns of capital mobility. Third, fiscal balance seems to be most related to positive saving-investment correlations in many countries. Fourth, a global common factor also plays an important role in explaining the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle.


By means of acid-base potentiometric titration and the advanced BEST computer program developed by Martell et al., the deprotonation constants of four inhibitors[Aminotrimethylenephosphoinic acid(ATMP), 2-phosphino-tutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid(PBTCA), polyacrylic acid(PAA, M_w=2000), poly(maleic, acrylic) acid(PMAAA, M_w=3000)], and the stability constants of the complexes of these inhibitors with Ca 2+ have been determined. And the distribution curves of ATMP at different pH values in aqueous solutions have also been given out. The result of this study can be applied to explaining the inhibition mechanism.


In order to act rationally, an agent must track the state of the environment over time. In the presence of other agents who themselves act, observe, and update their beliefs the agent must track not only the physical state but also the possible states of others. This is because others' actions may affect the evolution of the physical state and the agent's payoffs. One approach is to generalize the Bayes filter to multiagent settings, in which an agent tracks the evolution of the interactive state [2]. In practice, the estimation may be carried out using the interactive PF (I-PF) [2] that generalizes the PF to the multiagent setting.


Nine days after the beginning of the New Year-when the world was dreamily preoccupied with the moon, space and the relative insignificance of man-the public awoke to find that back on earth a small nation was about to become the sixth member of the most powerful club in the universe. Israel, it was reported, had the Bomb. Newspapers carried stories of conjecture and denial, but a concerned public was largely unaware that the ensuing debate was totally irrelevant. That Israel could produce its own bomb had been an eventuality expected in higher scientific councils for some time, and those august officials declared that they were not surprised. They did not go on to mention, however, that Israel was the least of our worries; that there could just as easily have been other more horrifying headlines: ones that might have read, "Cuba Gets the Bomb," "Birch Society Gets the Bomb," or "The Mafia Gets the Bomb." For as officials of the Atomic Energy Commission are aware, any of these people could have an atomic bomb in their hands within a few months. And it would take little money or technical know-how to do it. While Israel seems to be taking the conventional route toward becoming a nuclear power (first build costly reactors and reprocessing plants and then, slowly, isolate rare isotopes of plutonium and uranium), there is presently nothing to prevent some country or some individual from taking the cheapest, quickest shortcut: stealing the ingredients for a bomb, and then making one. Regular shipments of enriched uranium and plutonium are now sent without guards by truck and air all over the United States and across the oceans. Nuclear arming today has become theoretically as easy as hijacking a


For some women in Ecuador is very difficult to get a decent and well paid employment because of family responsibilities. Its dual responsibility, work and family, as well as the specific situation of women who are caretakers of children, seniors and people with disabilities, affect its incorporation, growth and stability in the workplace. The ratification of ILO Convention 156 which refers to "equality of opportunity and treatment between men and women workers: workers with family responsibilities" is an important step for Ecuador as it helps to stabilize the situation of women with family responsibilities. Therefore, this research aims to determine to what extent Ecuador meets or is on track to implement the recommendations of this Agreement. This research uses the analysis of certain articles of the current Constitution of Ecuador, the current Labour Code, the National Plan for Good Living 2013 - 2017 and other legal regulations such as Social Security Act or Statutory Public Service Act, also uses qualitative interviews to experts and working women. The results suggest that Ecuador does comply with the provisions of Convention 156 of the ILO. There are recommendations currently being carried out and others that are in progress and will be completed in the medium term. However, it is also evident that the issue of gender equality in the workplace should not be restricted to the legislation it is imperative a change in the mindsets of all people.


In this paper we are concerned with the theoretical stability of the laminar Hartmann layer, which forms at the boundary of any electrically conducting fluid flow under a steady magnetic field at high Hartmann number. We perform both linear and energetic stability analyses to investigate the stability of the Hartmann layer to both infinitesimal and finite perturbations. We find that there is more than three orders of magnitude between the critical Reynolds numbers from these two analyses. Our interest is motivated by experimental results on the laminar–turbulent transition of ducted magnetohydrodynamics flows. Importantly, all existing experiments have considered the laminarization of a turbulent flow, rather than transition to turbulence. The fact that experiments have considered laminarization, rather than transition, implies that the threshold value of the Reynolds number for stability of the Hartmann layer to finite-amplitude, rather than infinitesimal, disturbances is in better agreement with the exp...


Diabetes mellitus (commonly called diabetes) is a metabolic disease that causes the elevation of blood sugar in patients. Diabetes mellitus type 1 makes up <10% of all diabetes cases and results from insulin deficiency due to destruction of islet cells in the pancreas. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is the most common, and it makes up about 90% of all cases of diabetes; it results from insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency (may be due to reduced numbers of cellular insulin receptors, disruption of cellular signaling pathways, or both). Gestational diabetes is a temporary form of diabetes that occurs in some pregnant women who are not previously diagnosed with diabetes. The 2011 World Health Organization (WHO) data show that type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects >346 million patients worldwide. According to the American Diabetes Association 2011 statistics, there are >25 million patients in the United States, including 7 million undiagnosed cases in addition to nearly 79 million cases of prediabetes. Long-term complications from high blood sugar include heart disease; strokes; diabetic retinopathy, where eyesight is affected; kidney failure, which may require dialysis; and poor circulation of limbs, leading to amputations. Obesity is thought to be one of the primary causes of T2D in people who are genetically prone to the disease. It usually results from increased calorie intake versus energy consumption. Obesity significantly increases the risk of the development of cardiovascular diseases, and it is estimated that about 20% of the obese population will become diabetic. While obesity is considered a critical risk factor for diabetes, it is still unknown how the accumulation of fat in some patients affects a pathological change in insulin secretion. Currently, there is no cure for diabetes. T2D is initially managed by regular exercise and dietary modification; then, as it progresses, it is managed by medications and/or insulin. Standard medications for the disease focus on controlling blood glucose levels. Each medicine can be taken alone or in combination with others or with insulin. Diabetes kidney. SGLT2 inhibitors increase urinary excretion of glucose and lower plasma glucose levels in an insulin-independent manner. Examples are the experimental drugs dapagliflozin and canagliflozin. In spite of the large number of available medications, there is still an unmet medical need for orally effective new treatments for diabetes that will effectively regulate glucose homeostasis with better safety profiles and reduced adverse effects. The inventions in the three patent applications highlighted below address this unmet need. They relate to compounds that possess the abilities to modulate the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR119, which has been identified in recent years as a promising target for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and other metabolic disorders. GPR119 is expressed predominantly in the β -cells of the pancreas and in the K- and L-cells of the intestine. Recent results from in vitro systems and animal model studies show that modulation of GPR119 may produce favorable effects on glucose homeostasis (without the risk of hypoglycemia), food intake, body weight gain, and possibly also β -cell preservation. The stimulation of GPR119 increases the intracellular accumulation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), leading to enhanced glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic β -cells and increased release of the incretin hormones GLP-1, GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide), and PYY (polypeptide YY). The activation of GPR119 can be achieved by endogenous stimulants such as oleoylethanolamide and by small molecule agonists such as those described in the highlighted patent applications. Oral administration of small molecule GPR119 agonists has been shown to improve glucose tolerance in both rodents and humans. The invention in this patent application relates to novel compounds of formula (I) and their use as modulators of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR119. These GPR119 agonists can potentially provide a treatment for types 1 and 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, syndrome X, metabolic syndrome, obesity, high blood pressure, chronic systemic inflammation, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and bone-related diseases (such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or osteoarthritis). The invention in this patent application relates to the three compounds Ia , Ib , and Ic , which bind to and modulate the activity of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR119. These compounds can potentially treat diabetes, obesity, and related metabolic diseases. For the treatment of T2D, each of these compounds may be used alone or in combination with a second pharmaceutical agent selected from a DPP-4 inhibitor, a biguanide, an α -glucosidase inhibitor, an insulin analogue, a sulfonylurea, an SGLT2 inhibitor, a meglitinide, a thiazolidinedione, and an antidiabetic peptide analogue. , and . All three have similar structures except for the terminal amide functionality, as seen in the key structures below.


The 21st century will see the routine clinical use of improved radiotherapy treatment techniques, such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). An essential feature for the implementation of IMRT is the ability to identify precisely the location of body structures, particularly those involved with cancer and surrounding uninvolved regions, which should receive minimal dose. The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of an intelligent oncology workstation: a one-stop workstation combining the automatic delineation of structures of interest with the optimization and scheduling of radiotherapy treatment delivery. M a t e r i a l a n d m e t h o d s. Software tools have been programmed using the Matlab programming environment and C/C++. Rule based algorithms refine contours obtained using low-level image processing tools. Treatment planning optimization algorithms combine a least square methodology with multiple objective genetic algorithms. R e s u l t s. The imaging software can outline successfully regions of interest such as the bladder, rectum and pelvic bones. Optimization provides a set of solutions for coplanar beam orientation and modulation in intensity, taking into account dose delivery constraints. C o n c l u s i o n s. Using clinical experience as well as the raw image data, a physician employing the workstation can improve IMRT planning with automatic identification of body organs and structures. Multiple objective genetic algorithms (MOGA) exploiting the concept of Pareto optimality offer advantages over the traditional weighted sum approach. MOGA provides clinicians with a set of equally good IMRT plans that take into account practical limitations of the treatment delivery mechanisms.


The article discusses the effect of the retraction procedure on the microvasculature in the tissues of the regional periodontium in patients with various gum biotypes. The relationship between the strength of the traumatic agent during gum retraction and the phenotype of marginal periodontium is noted. Not only because of the orthopedic design, the condition of the marginal gum worsens. Due to the dense tension and gum retraction, blood circulation in the bloodstream also decreases, and the quality of orthopedic treatment is also reduced. The most pronounced effect was felt by patients with a thin gum biotype, which is associated with damage to the epithelial attachment during retraction.


Through the analysis of the different weight calculation methods,an optimization method is put forward.With the broad distance definition and the minimum variance,it determines the expert weight according to the error ratio.Integrating the initial index weight and expert weight,the overall index weight is determined,and the result comes out by comprehensive evaluation with fuzzy mathematics.An evaluation example on supervision project control level,through weight optimization method compared with the traditional calculation method,the optimization weight evaluation results more in line with the actual situation.


Diagnostic ultrasound is used in a wide array of medical and surgical disciplines. In the last decade, it has increasingly become the norm for arterial and venous access in a number of clinical situations ranging from placement of central venous lines, hemodialysis catheters, and radial arterial sheaths [1–3]. In retrospect, it seems obvious that it would be used in cannulating femoral and lower limb vessels for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures as this report and others have now reported [4]. What remains to be seen is whether it is cost effective and whether long-term outcomes are truly improved. In the introduction, the authors speak of the utilization of ultrasound as an effective tool in radial cannulation, and while the metanalysis cited was for bedside procedures, its actual benefit in the catheterization laboratory may be more limited (personal communication to myself) and perhaps a technique to be saved for an occasional anomaly. The article in question tells us what is becoming more obvious every day as we treat more distal anatomy and especially total occlusions below the knee. Ultrasound is and will be part of the safe, effective, and time-saving approach to the success of any limb salvage procedure. This is even more true in cases of popliteal or infrapopliteal cannulation where most have little or no experience in, let alone knowing, where exactly a peroneal, posterior tibial, or anterior tibial vessel runs before it gets to the foot. Add minimal flow, perhaps a hefty leg and some calcium and any tool suddenly becomes a must. My comments on the use of ultrasound for femoral arterial cannulation are of both caution and support. Caution should be considered in overuse in attempting to use this tool to assure the likelihood of placement of a closure device since while we all use them, their true benefit to the patient is still suspect and definite complications unique to their use still pop up and make a smooth day miserable. Conversely, assuring that the there is indeed a femoral head deep to the site of the puncture, the common femoral artery, and that the puncture site is below the inguinal ligament (i.e., not the external iliac artery) are critical in preventing disastrous retroperitoneal bleeds [5]. We often speak of the armamentarium of tools needed and used in the modern catheterization laboratory. From the routine use of Doppler ultrasound for detecting faint pulses, clearly this larger transducer than the miniature version used for intravascular ultrasound is and will be a mainstay in our toolbox. Feelings are good, hearing is nice, but seeing is believing.


PURPOSE: To miniaturize a compact fluorescent lamp in which a lamp and a ballast are connected through insertion type connecting tools. CONSTITUTION: Insertion type connecting tools 30, 32 are brought into mutual contact by inserting a ballast 4 to a point where the ballast is at least partly positioned in a space surrounded with a lamp 2. Consequently, a compact type fluorescent lamp is miniaturized.


This study aimed to investigate the change in physicochemical properties and lactic acid bacterial communities during kimchi fermentation at different temperatures (8, 15, and 25 o C) using two molecular genetics approaches, multiplex polymerase chain reaction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The pH during fermentation at 8, 15, and 25 o C decreased from 6.17 on the initial fermentation day to 3.92, 3.79, and 3.48 after 54, 30, and 24 days of fermentation, respectively, while the acidity increased from 0.24% to 1.12, 1.35, and 1.54%, respectively. In particular, the levels of lactic acid increased from 3.74 g/L on the initial day (day 0) to 14.43, 20.60, and 27.69 g/L during the fermentation after 24, 18, and 12 days at 8, 15, and 25 o C, respectively, after that the lactic acid concentrations decreased slowly. The predominance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the fermented kimchi was dependent on fermentation stage and temperature: Lactobacillus sakei appeared during the initial stage and Leuconsotoc mesenteroides was observed during the optimum-ripening stage at 8, 15, and 25 o C. Lac. sakei and Lactobacillus plantarum grew rapidly in kimchi produced at 8, 15, and 25 o C. In addition, Weissella koreensis first appeared at days 12, 9, and 6 at 8, 15, and 25 o C of fermentation, respectively. This result suggests that LAB population dynamics are rather sensitive to environmental conditions, such as pH, acidity, salinity, temperature, and chemical factors including free sugar and organic acids.


Presentation for the 2016 Digital Frontiers Annual Conference. In this presentation, Jeremy Berg discusses the classification of live music recordings, and positions it in the scope of digital humanities, explaining how it came to be and what the academy can learn from it.


Chloro- and/or methyl- trisubstituted acetaldehydes and isobutyraldehyde were polymerized anionically in THF at low temperature. All the polymers were living and an equilibrium between polymerization and depolymerization was reached easily provided that high catalyst concentrations were used. From the temperature dependence of the equilibrium monomer concentration, the heats and entropies of polymerization and the ceiling temperatures were determined. The ceiling temperatures of the polymerization of trisubstituted acetaldehydes decreased in the order of

and the heats of polymerization decreased in the reverse order, showing that chlorine substitution for methyl groups in aldehydes increases the stability of a polymer relative to its monomer and that the change in entropy has a stronger influence on the order of the ceiling temperatures of the series than the change in enthalpy. Thermodynamic quantities for the polymerization of isobutyraldehyde were also determined and compared with those of trisubstituted acetaldehydes.

Chlor- und/oder methyl-trisubstituierte Acetaldehyde und Isobutyraldehyd wurden anionisch in THF bei tiefer Temperatur polymerisiert. Es entstanden lebende Polymere; das Polymerisations-/Depolymerisations-Gleichgewicht wurde jedoch nur bei relativ hohen Starterkonzentrationen erreicht. Aus der Temperaturabhangigkeit der Gleichgewichtskonzentration wurden die Polymerisationswarme und -entropie sowie die ceiling-Temperatur bestimmt. Die ceiling-Temperaturen fur die Polymerisation von trisubstituierten Acetaldehyden nahmen in der Reihenfolge

ab, die Polymerisationswarmen nahmen dagegen in dieser Richtung zu. Das zeigt, das Chlorsubstitution von Methylgruppen in Aldehyden die Stabilitat des Polymeren gegenuber sienem Monomeren vergrosert und die Entropieanderung einen starkeren Einflus auf die Hohe der ceiling-Temperatur dieser Reihe hat als die Enthalpieanderung. Die thermodynamischen Grosen fur die Polymerisation von Isobutyraldehyd wurden mit denen der trisubstituierten Acetaldehyde verglichen.


Many highly developed Western welfare states
witness recurrent concern about social security
recipients who earn a bit on the side in the
informal economy. Research has recently been
conducted on this in the Netherlands. Interviewers
rang the bells of the unemployed, social
security recipients and the disabled to ask
whether they ever broke the rules. The results
were striking.


The purpose of this study is to explore the employment opportunities and challenges facing Lao graduates who studied abroad in China and returned home after graduation. A qualitative method was employed by utilizing semi-structured interviews with 17 Chinese-educated Lao graduates who now live in Laos. The findings revealed that although returning graduates were sought after in the local labor market, they seemed more employable in certain market segments in which China has been economically involved. Yet possessing a foreign degree alone was not sufficient to attain jobs unless it was complemented with foreign language fluency and employability skills such as communication skills and learning skills. The study also found that returning graduates tended to experience job mismatch and reverse culture shock in the process of their career development. With these findings, universities should sufficiently equip students with skills that can be effectively applied in different labor markets and contexts.


Abstract— The action of ultraviolet radiation on dl‐phenyldanine, dl‐tyrosine and l‐dopa has been studied in dilute aqueous solutions (10‐2M–5 × 10‐3M). Irradiation was performed in nitrogen or in air, at a wavelength of 254nm. The photoproducts of low molecular weight (amino acids, carboxylic acids, amines) were isolated either by chromatography on an ion exchange column or by thin‐layer chromatography and identified mainly by ultraviolet absorption and staining with ninhydrin. The isolation of photopolymers was carried out by chromatography on a Biogel column; identification of these photoproducts was mainly achieved by ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy.


TITLE Separate versus Concurrent Calibration Methods in Vertical Scaling. PUB DATE 2003-04-00 NOTE 47p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education (Chicago, IL, April 2224, 2003). PUB TYPE Reports Research (143) Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Estimation (Mathematics); *Mathematics Tests; *Scaling; *Scoring; State Programs; *Testing Programs IDENTIFIERS *Calibration; Colorado Student Assessment Program; *Vertical Equating


An electron gun, wherein an electric field between the axially opposite portions of a pair of electrodes constituting the main lens has established a non-axisymmetric distribution; provided with a field correction plate (FIG. 54 and 65 in each of the electrodes (5, 6) ), so that the lens effect on the electron beam is actually axisymmetric. Allowing a small electron beam spot formed on the phosphor screen of a cathode ray tube.


Experiment teaching is the key channel not only to fulfil the quality education, but also to cultivate the high-level qualified personnel. This paper explains connotation and meaning of experiment teaching, and still analyzes the current situation and reveals the new way to this innovation.


In many solid tumors, cancer stem cells (CSC) represent a population with tumor‐initiating, self‐renewal, and differentiation potential, which can be identified by surface protein markers. No generally applicable markers are yet known for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Two RCC cell lines (RCC‐26, RCC‐53) were found to differ widely in their capacity to form spheres in vitro and to establish tumors in mice, potentially reflecting differences in CSC content. A subpopulation expressing the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) was present only in the more tumorigenic cell line RCC‐53. When grown as spheres, most of the RCC‐53 cells were CXCR4‐positive, expressed stem cell‐associated transcription factor genes at elevated levels, and were more resistant toward the tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib, sorafenib, and pazopanib. Sorted CXCR4‐positive cells exhibited greater capacity for sphere formation and tumor growth‐inducing potential in vivo than CXCR4‐negative cells. Significantly, higher CXCR4 mRNA levels in primary RCC tumors from patients with localized but not disseminated disease predicted shorter survival. Downregulation of CXCR4 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or pharmacological inhibition by AMD3100 compromised tumor sphere formation, viability of CXCR4‐positive cells, and increased their responsiveness toward tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In conclusion, CXCR4 identifies a subpopulation of tumor‐initiating cells in RCC cell lines and plays a role in their maintenance. The relative insensitivity of such cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors might contribute to the development of therapy resistance in RCC patients. Future therapies therefore could combine blockade of the CXCR4 signaling pathway with standard therapies for more effective treatments of metastatic RCC. STEM Cells 2013;31:1467–1476


Abstract Humic substances‐heavy metals complexation combined with membrane filtration is reported. The effects of salinity, humic substances (HS) concentration, heavy metals concentration, and trans‐membrane pressure (TMP) on HS and heavy metals retention using two membranes are studied. Membrane fouling is also studied at the aforementioned conditions. NF270 experienced higher fouling. Moreover, salinity tests showed increasing fouling rate and reduction in membrane retention with increasing salinity level. While increasing HS concentration reduced HS retention and increased heavy metals retention and membrane fouling. Heavy metals concentration reduced the NF270 HS retention, but did not affect the P005F HS retention. In addition, TMP did not affect HS and heavy metals retention nor NF270 fouling, but increased P005F fouling.


We are constantly depressed by good books badly tarnished by sloppy editing and wretchedly unadventurous layout. In both respects these books are veritable breaths of fresh air. They are laid out with exceptional competence. Some topics are encapsulated in a box on a grey background. In an age when world history is being made by people with no understanding of history, they meet a crying need.


Programs supporting the calculation of topocentric spherical coordinates of satellites from satellite images on negatives are discussed. Particular attention is given to a program for automatic identification of negatives obtained by the AFU-75 camera, and to the minimization of the amount of input information.


After the conquest of 1191 an undefined number of Greek monasteries have been incorporated into Latin fiefdoms. If sources tend to proove that Latins have supported Greek monasteries, the legal forms of their relationships, and specially the continuity of the jus patronatus, are not clear. And yet, this jus patronatus might reveal Frankish identity.


The pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy has yet to be established although pre-clinical studies suggest a role for altered myocardial calcium handling. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) is a novel non-invasive method of assessing in vivo myocardial calcium handling.

 To investigate whether myocardial calcium handling is impaired in patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus in the absence of underlying heart disease.

 In a prospective case-control study, patients with type 1 (n=19) or type 2 (n=10) diabetes mellitus and healthy volunteers (n=15) underwent MEMRI. Participants with prior coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy or an abnormal electrocardiogram were excluded. Manganese dipyridoxyl diphosphate (0.1 mL/kg) was administered over 10 min and myocardial T1 mapping was performed prior to and every 2.5 min for 30 min after contrast infusion (Figure 1). Quantitative manganese uptake analysis was performed by measuring T1 relaxation times in a region of interest within the interventricular septum and compared to the left ventricular blood pool. The rate of myocardial manganese uptake was determined by Patlak modelling [1].

 Participants with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus were older (50±13 and 55±15.3 years) than the healthy volunteers (32±10 years). All participants had preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (type 1 diabetes mellitus, 67.7±6.1%; type 2 diabetes mellitus, 66.8±3.2%; healthy volunteers, 65±3.5%). Mean myocardial manganese uptake was reduced in participants with both type 1 (6.4±0.6 mL/100 g of tissue/min) and type 2 (6.4±0.5 mL/100 g of tissue/min) diabetes mellitus compared with healthy volunteers (8.3±0.5 mL/100 g of tissue/min; p<0.0001 for both, Figure 2). There were no differences in myocardial manganese uptake between those with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (p=0.22). There was no statistically significant correlation between myocardial manganese uptake and age in the study population (r=−0.28, p=0.07).

 Using MEMRI, we have demonstrated that myocardial calcium handling is impaired in patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus even in the absence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. This suggests altered myocardial calcium handling may underlie, or contribute to, diabetic cardiomyopathy which has implications developing novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

 Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation - Clinical Research Training Fellowship (FS/CRTF/20/24087)AstraZeneca - Investigator initiated award (ESR-19-20118)


Objective : This study was carried out to compare Saengmaeksan-gamibang(SG) to Saengmaeksan(SM) on the efficacy of moisturization, skin whitening, anti-inflammation, and anti-allergy in atopic dematitis using NC/Nga mice model. Methods : We assessed the effects of SG and SM on tyrosinase, filaggrin, serine-palmitoyl transferase(SPT), COX-2, AP-1 in vitro, on IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM, IgG1, IFN- in vivo with NC/Nga mice. Results : 1. SG increased the tyrosinase inhibition activity and the levels of filaggrin and SPT, decreasing the level of COX-2. 2. On the other hand, SM decreased the tyrosinase inhibition activity and the levels of filaggrin and SPT, increasing the level of COX-2. 3. Serum IgE, IL-4, 5, 6, IgM, and IgG1 were decreased in both SG group and SM group compared to the control group. The decrease degree in these factors was higher in SG than in SM. 4. Serum IFN- was increased in both SG group and SM group compared to the control group. The increase degree in IFN- was higher in SG than in SM. Conclusion : As the result of the above experiments, it was proved that SG has the moisturization, skin whitening, anti-inflammation, and anti-allergy effects, which are greater than those of SM, and provides the significant efficacy on atopic dermatitis treatment.


Demand forecasting is the activity of estimating the quantity of a product or service that consumers will purchase for a certain period of time. Developing precise forecasting models are considered important since corporates can make strategic decisions on new markets based on future demand estimated by the models. Many studies have developed market growth curve models, such as Bass, Logistic, Gompertz models, which estimate future demand when a market is in its early stage. Among the models, Bass model, which explains the demand from two types of adopters, innovators and imitators, has been widely used in forecasting. Such models require sufficient demand observations to ensure qualified results. In the beginning of a new market, however, observations are not sufficient for the models to precisely estimate the market's future demand. For this reason, as an alternative, demands guessed from those of most adjacent markets are often used as references in such cases. Reference markets can be those whose products are developed with the same categorical technologies. A market's demand may be expected to have the similar pattern with that of a reference market in case the adoption pattern of a product in the market is determined mainly by the technology related to the product. However, such processes may not always ensure pleasing results because the similarity between markets depends on intuition and/or experience. There are two major drawbacks that human experts cannot effectively handle in this approach. One is the abundance of candidate reference markets to consider, and the other is the difficulty in calculating the similarity between markets. First, there can be too many markets to consider in selecting reference markets. Mostly, markets in the same category in an industrial hierarchy can be reference markets because they are usually based on the similar technologies. However, markets can be classified into different categories even if they are based on the same generic technologies. Therefore, markets in other categories also need to be considered as potential candidates. Next, even domain experts cannot consistently calculate the similarity between markets with their own qualitative standards. The inconsistency implies missing adjacent reference markets, which may lead to the imprecise estimation of future demand. Even though there are no missing reference markets, the new market's parameters can be hardly estimated from the reference markets without quantitative standards. For this reason, this study proposes a case-based expert system that helps experts overcome the drawbacks in discovering referential markets. First, this study proposes the use of Euclidean distance measure to calculate the similarity between markets. Based on their similarities, markets are grouped into clusters. Then, missing markets with the characteristics of the cluster are searched for. Potential candidate reference markets are extracted and recommended to users. After the iteration of these steps, definite reference markets are determined according to the user's selection among those candidates. Then, finally, the new market's parameters are estimated from the reference markets. For this procedure, two techniques are used in the model. One is clustering data mining technique, and the other content-based filtering of recommender systems. The proposed system implemented with those techniques can determine the most adjacent markets based on whether a user accepts candidate markets. Experiments were conducted to validate the usefulness of the system with five ICT experts involved. In the experiments, the experts were given the list of 16 ICT markets whose parameters to be estimated. For each of the markets, the experts estimated its parameters of growth curve models with intuition at first, and then with the system. The comparison of the experiments results show that the estimated parameters are closer when they use the system in comparison with the results when they guessed them without the system.


Electrocardiography (ECG) is a transthoracic interpretation of the electrical activity of the human's heart over time captured and is highly irregular, random, and variable from person to person. Recently, the literature has revealed that this kind of signal is, in fact, chaotic. Because of people's ECGs are extremely hard to be artificially duplicated, this paper intends to investigate the way of extracting the ECG signals' biometric features for the possibility of biometric recognition. The ECG signal is converted into the phase plane by using phase space reconstruction. Then, chaos extractor is applied to capture the representative indices of chaotic ECG signals i.e., correlation dimension and Lyapunov exponents spectrum. The root mean square, Lyapunov exponent and correlation dimension are used as the key variables in neural network training and utilized in the identification scheme.


The use of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf components in the development of software systems is supposed to result in a reduction of development costs and time by promoting reusability. On the contrary, due to the Black-Box nature they exhibit, the use of COTS products may result in a burden for developers as continuous re-adaptation may be required along the software life-cycle or even at runtime if the nature of the system demands it. In this work we consider AOP techniques and mechanisms in order to alleviate this situation, proposing an AOP-based adaptation framework design.


Among the features appearing in our experimental phonon spectra, there were two that we incorrectly described as modes that had not been reported or predicted previously. The first feature, named the longitudinal optical (LO) mode in Fig. 1 here, should have been identified as a mode that was predicted by the theory of [1] and first detected in the experiment of [2]. This first detection appears at 13 Hz and ka 1⁄4 1 in the lower figure in the supplemental material of [2]. Therefore, our observation of this mode was not new, contrary to the claim in our Letter. Our experimental spectra, and our discussion of the origin of this mode, are not affected by our error in overlooking the previous prediction and observation. The second feature, marked (*) in Fig. 1 here, should have been attributed to a previously reported mode. We overlooked the fact that, because this feature is outside the limit of the first Brillouin zone, it is equivalent to a mode with a different polarization within the first zone. Such a mode was predicted in [1] where it was named the hybrid mode, and it was first observed experimentally by Couedel et al. [2], who also discussed the mode in detail. Our interpretation of this feature, and our discussion of whether it is predicted by a model, were mistaken; readers should also disregard the name we presented for this mode in our Letter. We regret these errors. We also correct some parameter values, and in Figs. 1 and 2 we provide the corresponding corrected theoretical dispersion relations. The corrected parameters are Q 1⁄4 12 000e, D 1⁄4 0:76 mm, di 1⁄4 0:58 mm, and qi 1⁄4 0:25Q, as determined by matching our dispersion relation to our experimental spectra. In preparing the corrected dispersion relation curves, we now use an interparticle interaction for our single-layer suspension that matches the one for the upper layer in [3]. In our Letter we used a slightly different interaction, yielding a discrepancy of about 20% in the sound speed. We inadvertently cited [1] when mentioning our eigenvalue calculation of dispersion relations. This could create the incorrect impression that we used the same theory as [1] when we interpreted our experiment. While our frictionless linear model was inspired by the seminal paper of [1], our model did not include gas friction. It also assumed a different


The present invention provides a means of achieving stability of the lactase solutions. SOLUTION: The lactase solution, based on the total weight of the lactase solutions, saccharide containing 0.1g / kg~100g / kg, amount of reducing sugars the lactase solution is less than 2.0 mg / g lactase solution characterized in that. .BACKGROUND


According to shortcoming of commonly fluorine removal treatment technology,the fluorine removal process with electric flocculation is investigated with high fluoride geothermal water treatment as the research object.The result shows that the optimal parameters are area/volume ration80m2/m3,distance between polar plates 0.5cm,current density 10A/m2,respectively.The power consumption is 2.13kWh/t.The result of treatment is improved by acid or neutral water and higher water temperature.The fluorine removal mechanism with electric flocculation is in suitable pH condition,Al(OH)3 forming from soluble Al3+.The Al(OH)3 are changed into A1n(OH)3n finally,fluoride are removed by flocculating function.


Resolution of North Carolina State Assembly requiring the senators and representatives of the state in Congress to use their influence to make a speedy settlement of the just claims of the Cherokee Indians living in Quallatown and Buffalo Town, North Carolina (those who did not emigrate west of the Mississippi). The governor of North Carolina is requested to send a copy of these resolutions to the senators and representatives in Congress. The document is signed by William A. Graham, Governor of North Carolina (1845-1849), as well as by other state officials.


Abstract. The number of greenhouse gas (GHG) observing satellites has greatly expanded in recent years, and these new datasets provide an unprecedented constraint on global GHG sources and sinks. However, a continuing challenge for inverse models that are used to estimate these sources and sinks is the sheer number of satellite observations, sometimes in the millions per day. These massive datasets often make it prohibitive to implement inverse modeling calculations and/or assimilate the observations using many types of atmospheric models. Although these satellite datasets are very large, the information content of any single observation is often modest and non-exclusive due to redundancy with neighboring observations and due to measurement noise. In this study, we develop an adaptive approach to reduce the size of satellite datasets using geostatistics. A guiding principle is to reduce the data more in regions with little variability in the observations and less in regions with high variability. We subsequently tune and evaluate the approach using synthetic and real data case studies for North America from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite. The proposed approach to data reduction yields more accurate CO2 flux estimates than the commonly-used method of binning and averaging the satellite data. We further develop a metric for choosing a level of data reduction; we can reduce the satellite dataset to an average of one observation per ~80–140 km for the specific case studies here without substantially compromising the flux estimate, but we find that reducing the data further quickly degrades the accuracy of the estimated fluxes. Overall, the approach developed here could be applied to a range of inverse problems that use very large trace gas datasets.


In this paper ongoing projects are presented enlighten the important role of automation and robotics in developing countries such as Argentina. In particular, two salient cases are examined: the automation of an animal research's station for feed activities and a mobile robot to reconfigure an entire flexible fence control.


In this paper, the authors describe an approach to evaluating large-scale initiatives that span multiple project sites and respond to multiple evaluation needs at the project and program levels. Known as 'cluster evaluation' by those working with and for the W. K. Kellogg Foundation, a private philanthropic institution in the US, this approach encounters problems and offers solutions that are similar to other 'devolved' evaluation strategies for dispersed programs in the UK and several other European countries. This paper positions cluster evaluation in the literature and practice of evaluation by (I) describing cluster evaluation's key features, (2) relating it to core concepts in the evaluation field, (3) distinguishing it from other forms of multi-site evaluation, and (4) outlining a number of conceptual challenges that need to be resolved for the approach to achieve broader applicability and success.


1 Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK; 2 Kings College London, London, UK Background MIN6 insulin-secreting cells form islet-like structures (pseudoislets or PIs) when grown on a gelatine substrate. PIs provide an ideal experimental model to study cell to cell interactions and b-cell mass regulation. Using this model we have previously demonstrated a key role for apoptosis in this process. Aim To investigate Fas/FasL interactions in glucose-stimulated apoptosis in MIN6 monolayers and PIs. Method MIN6 monolayers and PIs were cultured in 5.5 or 25 mmol/L glucose prior to determination of apoptosis (TUNEL) and Fas/FasL expression (Western blotting). Results Basal rate of apoptosis (5.5 mmol/L glucose) was significantly higher in MIN6 PIs compared to monolayers (PI vs. monolayers; 5 ± 0.9% vs. undetectable, n = 3, P < 0.01). PIs also showed increased glucose-stimulated (25 mmol/L) apoptosis compared to monolayers (PIs vs. monolayers; 26 ± 0.9% vs. 10 ± 0.7%, n = 3, P < 0.01). Both Fas and FasL expression was observed in monolayers and PIs and treatment with a cytolytic anti-Fas antibody (JO2) resulted in rapid cell loss in both cultured monolayers and PIs. Conclusions Both MIN6 monolayers and PIs express the activated Fas death receptor but this does not appear to be wholly responsible for the increase in glucose-stimulated apoptosis seen in MIN6 PIs.


A new numerical scheme to accurately compute plasma flows of interest to propulsion was developed and validated first against standard test problems. The scheme treats the flow and the field in a self-consistent manner, and conserves mass, momentum, magnetic flux and energy. The characteristics-splitting scheme, which was developed from concepts used for the solution of Euler equations, was applied to solve the ideal MHD equations. The ability of this scheme to capture discontinuities monotonically was demonstrated. Flux-limited anti-diffusion was used to improve spatial accuracy away from discontinuities. Further improvements to the physical model, such as the inclusion of relevant classical transport properties, a real equation of state, multi-level equilibrium ionization models, anomalous transport, and multi-temperature effects, that are essential for the realistic simulation magnetoplasmadynamic flows, are implemented without affecting the underlying scheme. The solver, including the improved physical model, is then used to simulate plasma flow in a real magnetoplasmadynamic thruster configuration. The results of the simulation were found to to be in general agreement with experimental observations. They illustrate the need for using a real equation of state, instead of the ideal one, to enhance the realism and stability of the simulation. A multi-level equilibrium ionization model was found to give satisfactory results for species densities. The predicted value of thrust was found to be in excellent agreement with analytical predictions, though the predicted efficiency was significantly off, due to the lack of an electrode drop model.


To keep the legal rights of minor students is the objective requirement of ability-oriented education. Violations of minor students' legal rights should be corrected. Staff members should try to protect their rights of life and health, reputation, privacy, education, a balanced-development,etc.


It was discussed the secure problems faced by the wireless ticketing system emphasisd on the analysis of how to keep away these problems.


The effect of multiple vehicles on a bridge's dynamic amplification is a complex problem. Previously authors have examined multiple vehicle presence by constructing elaborate finite element models or undertaking field tests. Although both these methods give valuable information regarding the magnitude of dynamic amplification, the results tend to be site-specific and give limited insight into how large amplifications occur. This paper examines the dynamic amplification factor of a simply supported bridge being crossed by two loads traveling in both the same and opposing directions. Simple numerical point load models are used to determine the critical load velocities and load positions that result in high amplifications. An experimentally validated finite element model is used to examine the applicability of the conclusions to real bridge/vehicle systems.


It is no secret that 'managerial' solutions are not, on average, nearly as reliable as 'technical' solutions. The focus of this work is to clarify the reasons why this is so, and to seek ways to increase the reliability of managerial solutions. The causes of this situation are both subjective (human factor failure), which can be influenced, and objective (complexity of the problem, the specifics of human behaviour, etc.) that can be only minimally influenced. Significant subjective causes at work were identified as: a. cognitive distortions at the mental level of thinking of the problem solvers; b. deficiencies in making inference and drawing conclusions; c. incorrect argumentation. There are two ways to reduce these causes: 1. cultivation of managerial thinking of the problem solvers; 2. the use of reserves in the implementation of approaches and tools of theoretical disciplines that already operate successfully elsewhere and are beneficial for managerial solutions. The first way deals with procedures for managerial solutions formulated in the language of the relevant discipline (the language of management), expressed by natural language and the chain of formulas (calculations) and visual (graphic) tools in the form of managerial decision trees, diagrams and charts with the rules of 'managerial logic'. This is generally defined as a set of approaches, tools, methods and skills needed for credible justification when solving managerial problems. Specifically it deals with: - the 'case-based reasoning' approach, which aims at finding the best point of view on a given problem and analysing all considered aspects within its context step-by-step in detail; - translating the tools and methods of modern logic (especially its intuitionistic version) from the language of logic into the language of management taking into account the factual content of expressive means of the language of management including the ability of their effective application; - respecting the principles of rational and ethical argumentation within managerial solutions. The second way circumvents managerial solution procedures by recasting the managerial task to the task of a scientific discipline (logic, game theory, etc.) and derives the correct result therein. In this context we talk about the use of knowledge of theoretical disciplines in management. Both of these ways are demonstrated in the work in a number of illustrative examples and the annexed case studies addressing the specific tasks of managerial practice.


Objective To explore the value of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)and portal vein immuno-chemotherapy on the prevention of recurrence after resection of primary hepatic carcinoma and survival.Methods The clinical data and outcome of 168 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma from 2004 to 2007 in Taihe Hospital were analyzed,Among them,47 underwent hepatectomies plus adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization and immuno-chemotherapy via portal vein(group A);52 cases had hepatectomies plus transarterial chemoembolization(group B);42 cases had hepatectomies plus immuno-chemotherapy via portal vein(group C),and 27 cases had hepatectomies plus systemic vein chemotherapy(group D).Results The recurrence rate of the A,B,C and D groups was 53.2%(25/47),65.4%(34/52),73.8%(31/42)and 85.2%(23/27)respectivly,(χ2=9.065,P=0.028).The mean recurrence time(tumor free survival time)after operation in group A,B,C and D was(18.1±9.5),(15.2±7.6),(13.3±5.4)and(10.0±3.7)months respectively(P0.001),while the survival time was(24.8±10.2),(19.6±6.8),(9.0±5.5)and(14.4±3.7)months respectively(P0.001),and the time between the confirmed recurrence and the studied end-point was(12.6±7.7),(6.8±2.4),(7.7±3.8)and(5.2±2.9)months respectively(P0.001).Conclusions For primary hepatic carcinoma,after hepatectomy,using transarterial chemoembolization combined with immuno-chemotherapy via portal vein could decrease the recurrence rate,delay the time of recurrence and prolong the survival time,and more effectively than either transarterial chemoembolization or immuno-chemotherapy alone.