—Detecting significant places are necessary for learning patterns of human behavior. Moreover, the Global Positioning System is the high accurate estimation of positioning method for mobile tracking. In this paper, we propose a method for detecting significant places based on GPS data. It is difficult to determine significant places relying on the clusters from using distance and time thresholds because of the difference of noises. Therefore, we introduce a method based on EIDBSCAN algorithm to detect arbitrary shape clusters with different densities, namely MKEIDBSCAN. We also propose the way to estimate input parameters of density-based clustering algorithms including the radius and the minimum number of points. As a result of using our proposal, significant places are detected more accurately and the running time is reduced. 


This article describes the role of the Radio Data Systems Traffic Message Channel (RDS/TMC) in the Munich, Germany, COMFORT field trials. RDS/TMC is identified as the preferred means of communication for receiving traffic information.


The cutoff wavelength of 6μm is preferable for the full usage of the atmospheric window in the mid-wavelength region. An InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice (T2SL) is the only known infrared material that has a theoretically predicted high performance and also the cutoff wavelength can be easily controlled by changing the thickness of InAs and GaSb. In this study, we used a p-i-n structure with InAs/GaSb T2SL absorber and also barrier layers which was grown on a Tedoped GaSb substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. A mesa-type focal plane array (FPA) with 320×256 pixels and 30μm pixel pitch was fabricated. Mesa structures were formed by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching with halogen gas mixture. Prior to the deposition of the SiO2 passivation film, N2 plasma treatment was applied for reducing the dark currents. Measured dark current of the sensor was 4x10-7A/cm2 at temperature of 77K and reverse bias of -20mV. The quantum efficiency was 0.35 and the detectivity was 4.1x1012cm/Hz1/2W. The sensor array was hybridized with the commercially available readout integrated circuit using indium bumps. The noise equivalent differential temperature measured with F/2.3 optics was 31mK at 77K. The operability was over 99%. This FPA is suitable for full usage of the atmospheric window in the mid-wavelength region.


A class of measure-valued branching diffusions with interactive immigration is constructed by solving a stochastic integral equation with Poisson process based on a system of excursion laws of a Dawson-Watanabe superprocess, extending the results of Pitman and Yor (1982) and Shiga (1990).


AbstractThe focus of this study is to demonstrate how seismic attributes can be used in the interpretation workflow to rapidly obtain a high-resolution view of the geology that is imaged within a seismic data set. To demonstrate the efficacy of seismic attribute analysis to basin scale reconnaissance, we apply a workflow to seismic data sets from the Exmouth Subbasin, northwestern Australia, with the aim of determining the geologic expression of the subsurface. Of specific interest are Barrow Group Jurassic and Cretaceous fluvial and marine sediments, that were faulted during the Jurassic-Cretaceous rifting associated with the breakup of East Gondwana. Regional-scale interpretations are made to develop a tectonostratigraphic context to the investigation. Target-level analyses, focused on features of exploration interest identified using regional reconnaissance, are made to calibrate attribute response and demonstrate the effectiveness of seismic attributes for rapid evaluation of prospectivity in the init...


Ricin chain A (RTA) is toxic protein with significant clinical values in the treatment of various tumors. Current drug delivery methods were limited by their own shortcomings. Therefore, our study aimed to develop microvesicles that can effectively deliver RTA expression vector to liver cancer. In this study, ten BALB/c mice (20 ± 2 g) were were randomly divided into two groups including control group and RTA group, 10 mice in each. 5×104 Hep G2 cells were injected into mice in different groups. When tumor volume reached 500 mm3, 100 μL solutions containing about 5×105 microvesicles were injected into each tumor. Tumor volume was checked every 3 days for another 18 days to monitor the growth of tumor. Mice were sacrificed and the tumors were collected to measure the weight and for total RNA extraction. polyethyleneimine-cholesterol cationic lipopolymer (PEI-Chol) was synthesized to serve as the backbone of the microvesicles, and AFP promoter was used to carry the coding region of RTA in the vector. Results show RTA was only expressed in AFP positive cells; RTA expression driven by AFP promoter could only kill AFP positive cell lines and RTA expression in tumor cells could inhibit tumor growth in vivo. We found that PEI-Chol microvesicles that carrying RTA expressing vector driven by AFP promoter can effectively and specifically inhibit AFP positive tumor growth.


In this paper design and implementation of secure biometric access control system using IoT is presented. The fingerprint based biometric access control system is now mostly used. Thesesystems used for security so that only the authorized persons are allowed to pass or forattendance measuring purposes. The Finger print based system has more secured and too many advantages. By connecting it to internet using IoT we can have advantages that monitoring is possible from anywhere in the world. But when it connects to internet security must be ensured. To increase security we can send message to tweeter account of person who is logged in.


Abstract In order to improve the CNC roll grinder production efficiency, a novel three-point non-contact measurement device is proposed. An adaptive back-stepping control system that combines with a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) was designed to control the measurement device working position and also to track the periodic reference movement trajectory. In the proposed control system, the RBFNN approximation and tracking ability are used to identify the unknown measuring device dynamic information. Then, the Lyapunov stability theorem is used to derive the adaptive online learning algorithm. All control algorithms are placed in the control chip based on the TMS320F28335 archive. The simulation results show that the proposed control system has a good control effect when applied to the three-point non-contact measuring device in CNC roll grinders.


ClAlPc thin films were grown on SnO2 substrates at various sublimation rates ranging from 100 to 10,000 angstroms min-1. ClAlPc films were also grown at 2000 angstroms min-1 and heat treated at 300 degree(s)C for various periods of time going from 1 to 60 min. All films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoelectrochemistry in I3-/I- at pH 3. All sublimed ClAlPc films were porous. The sublimation rate only affects the diameter of the rod shaped `crystallites' characterizing the morphology of the material. The short-circuit photocurrent increases with the sublimation rate. It is in direct relation with the total area of the solid-electrolyte interface available for the collection of the photogenerated charges. Selected area diffraction patterns of all as-sublimed films display the characteristic triclinic structure of ClAlPc single crystal. The polycrystalline phase which is responsible for the diffraction pattern is only a minor component of the solid phase. The major part of the film is mostly amorphous. In contact with I3-/I-, there is an uptake of iodine into both amorphous and polycrystalline regions of as-sublimed films. A short (1 min) heat treatment of as-sublimed ClAlPc only alters the structure of the crystalline region of ClAlPc. The new structure is also triclinic but is impermeable to iodine uptake. Longer heat treatments are required to transform part of the amorphous phase of the film into the new triclinic structure. In I3-/I-, the new triclinic structure of ClAlPc is about one order of magnitude less photoactive than as-sublimed ClAlPc.


Development of TiO 2 industry from home and abroad in 2001 was briefly introduced, including market demand and the manufacturers with their output. Some suggestions were also given on the development of TiO 2 industry in China, involving some effective strategies like speeding up advance in science-technologies, readjusting product structure, consulting the development tendency of the world and strengthening themselves, and dominating the international market.


The exposition of new experimental stand for research the turbomachines working in structure of low power gas-turbine installations is presented. The technology of testing and experimental data processing is brought.


As in other major turning points in the history of capitalism, powerful forces for restructuring the state and the economy have been set in motion. From both sides of the political spectrum, governments have been falling like dominos. In Italy and Greece, 'technocratic governments' were struck while in others something like a 'common front' formed between centre-right and social democratic parties to back the bailouts of the financial system and secure long-term policies of 'fiscal consolidation' (read austerity). This has kept even more interventionist economic policies within the parameters of 'exceptional monetarism' (along the lines advocated by Ben Bernanke of the US Federal Reserve), thereby seeking a balance between fiscal austerity and the 'quantitative easing' of monetary policy and debt consolidation to stabilize the financial system. This has allowed governments to attempt to reconstruct their broader neoliberal policy frameworks and power structures on a new foundation.

At the same time the politics of the crisis has renewed the critique of neoliberalism, and even capitalism, and opened up new spaces of political opposition. Critics of the neoliberal rescue and exit strategies have become more numerous and more vocal as the crisis has worn on. This paper will survey a range of responses to the crisis -- from Keynesian analyses and Social Democratic policies to radical left alternatives.

For many on the left, only the most minimal programme of financial re-regulation and Keynesian reflation are 'feasible'. For others, every demonstration of resistance against existing powers is another rupture as the 'multitude' forms itself into an emergent anti-power. Both these approaches have long served as an excuse to leave key strategic questions to the side – these questions no longer matter, as the answers are already known. Tactics with respect to existing parliamentary forces or organizing the next demonstration take precedence. Yet what is really needed to move forward past defensive struggles and begin to think seriously about alternative strategies in the long battle against the austerity we now confront is the kind of socialist thinking, inspired by visions of possible futures, and developing strategies of critique and proposal as guides for realizing them. This is to insist on the primacy of politics – rather than letting the mechanics of falling profit rates and credit crises work out a strategy and programme – in establishing intermediate objectives and conjunctural tactics and proposals. The left is beginning to chart important new directions. Socialist strategies need to set an ambitious course – programmes that serve as a guide to action, an education about alternative ways of living and a practice through which people and movements themselves can develop the capacities to challenge and transcend capitalist power.


H Walther (ed) Berlin: Springer 1976 pp xvi + 383 price DM 97 This book is one of several on laser spectroscopy that have recently appeared, and contains one of the better balanced compilations. The first three articles, the introduction, an article on tunable lasers and one on double resonance spectroscopy are excellent, the remaining three are of a rather mixed standard.


This invention relates to benzylic ether phenolic resole resins prepared in a sealed reaction vessel. The benzylic ether phenolic resole resins are prepared by heating phenol and an aldehyde in a sealed reaction vessel in the presence of a divalent metal catalyst without removing water gener ated by the reaction until an appropriate endpoint for the resin is reached. The benzylic ether phenolic resole resins produced by the process are preferably free or essentially free of unreacted formaldehyde and can be used in the resin component of phenolic-urethane foundry binders to make foundry cores and/or molds by the cold-box and no-bake processes. The cores and/or molds are used for making metal castings.


Because the meat is a food rich in nutrients (fat, protein, minerals and vitamins, and easily accessible, ground beef is widely consumed throughout Brazil. However, during the production process it is a highly manipulated product that can lead to microbial contamination. In this way, the objective of this work was to analyze the microbiological characteristics of ground beef commercialized in supermarkets in the city Silva-Júnior et al. 2 PUBVET v.12, n.10, a199, p.1-7, Out., 2018 of Macapá, Amapá. Three samples of ground beef were taken in portions of 500 g randomly direct from the refrigerated counters in ten supermarkets located in different points of the city of Macapá during from February to July of 2018, totaling 30 samples. At the time of the collection, the infrared thermometer was used to measure the exposure temperature. The samples were sent to the Food Science and Technology Center of the Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá-IEPA. The microbiological analyzes were the presence / absence of Salmonella spp. in 25 g of sample and Standard Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus Count (CFU / g). Regarding the temperature of exposure, it was possible to verify that 8 (88.89%) of the samples evaluated had temperatures above 4 ° C, not complying with current legislation. The microbiological analyzes performed in this study showed absence in all samples for Salmonella spp., but positive results in 100% of the establishments evaluated for Staphylococcus coagulase positive, where the amplitude was 2.3x103 at 2x105 CFU/g. Supermarkets even using mechanized processes during the production stages and passing through a standard of control considered more demanding than other establishments, it was still possible to contact an expressive number of Staphylococcus contamination, that even if the legislation does not provide this microorganism, it is still considered one of the pathogens most involved with outbreaks and sporadic cases of food poisoning.


Objective To survey the indoor and outdoor radon concentrations in the air in Jiangzha radon spring area.Methods The indoor and outdoor radon concentrations were detected by using ATD short-term accumulative and continuous measurements,and compared with the national standards.Results The indoor and outdoor radon concentrations nearly exceed the residential radon action level of 400Bq/m3(equilibrium factor 0.4)in continuous exposure set in Ionizing Radiation Protection and Basic Standard of Safety of Radiation Sources(GB18871-2002).The radon concentration in the air in some bathroom were higher than limit of equilibrium equivalent radon concentration 400Bq/m3 for treatment purpose set in Radiological protection standards for using geothermal water(GBZ124-2002).Conclusion The indoor and outdoor radon concentration levels in the air was very high in Jiangzha radon spring area,which could be harmful to the health of the people living there,visitors and patients.


In this paper we introduced a novel model of quantum transistor based on coupled quantum oscillators devoted to linear optical quantum information processing tasks. To this end, we show how a single quantum oscillator can be used as a quantum switch, where its energy gap could work as an adjustable potential barrier to block or allow quantum information current from source to the drain. We argue about how such device could be useful for implementing high fidelity single-qubit phase-shift gates, as well as a two-qubit control-Z gate. To end, we study the performance of coupled-oscillators-based quantum transistors against decohering reservoir. From numerical calculations, we conclude that the high fidelities of our transistor can be kept for a large range of the parameters associated with the decohering environment.


In the title compound, [Zn(NH3)4](C6H2N3O7)4·3H2O, the ZnII atom is coordinated by four ammine N atoms in a slightly distorted tetrahedron. The phenolate and nitro O atoms of the picrate ions act as acceptors in N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, giving a three-dimensional network.


Considering the problem "measurement of an unknown distribution function F(x)" it is shown that recently derived formulae for the so called objective empirical distribution function F (x) d . n an ~ts relative error dF(x) can be made accessible to practical application by implementing a "Constant Relative Error-algorithm" (CREalgorithm). This algorithm controls the number of independent trials n and the sorting of measured random data, such that the empirical distribution function Fn(x) is traced down to a desired minimum value (resolution) Fmin , whereby the relative error dF(x) is kept on a practically constant level below a predetermined maximum value dFmax and the computertime for sorting is reduced effectively. Simulation examples demonstrate that the CREalgorithm can be applied to all random process types of continuous and/or discrete nature and that it is well suited to detect rare event details of F(x) within the given resolution Fmin .


The development of imatinib to target the BCR-ABL kinase in chronic phase (CP) CML has changed the natural history of the disease. This success generated much enthusiasm for the approach in the more genetically complex acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Unfortunately, the durable responses seen in CP CML are not reproduced in BCR-ABL positive ALL. Indeed, all previous attempts to target a single oncogenic pathway in acute leukemias have resulted in transient responses with frequent relapse. An alternative approach is to use agents that target "final common pathways", i.e. processes that must be accomplished to produce additional leukemia cells regardless of driving mutations. In this paradigm, agents are not judged by differential expression of a target, but by the degree of differential uptake. One pathway to exploit is the known increased uptake of oligonucleotides by ALL cells.

F10 is a poison deoxy-oligonucleotide that is a 10mer of the thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitory 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolite, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-O-monophosphate. We sought to determine the uptake and activity of F10 against preclinical ALL models.

Using fluorescently labeled F10, we determined that uptake by the human ALL cell lines DG75 and SUP-B15 was rapid and had a profound temperature dependence consistent with an active process. Both cell lines demonstrated increased uptake compared to normal, lineage- depleted marrow cells from C57Bl/6 mice. Using a syngeneic, BCR-ABL-expressing murine ALL model, we confirmed rapid uptake of F10 in vivo . Furthermore, preliminary experiments suggested normal human HSCs have decreased uptake compared to primary patient samples. Consistent with this decreased uptake, F10 treatment did not alter the ability of human HSCs to engraft in immunodeficient mice.

F10 treatment resulted in robust induction of apoptosis that could not be equaled by 100 fold more 5-FU. IC50 values for F10 against B6 ALL, Jurkat, DG75, Molt-4, CCRF-CEM, and SUP-B15 were in the picomolar to nanomolar range, with an average value of 2.15 nM (range 0.12 to 5.4 nM). For comparison we also tested 5-FU, doxorubicin, and cytarabine. In all cases, F10 was the most potent agent; over 1000 times more potent than 5-FU.

In vivo, F10 treatment was associated with a significant increase in survival in a BCR-ABL driven, syngeneic ALL mouse model (p= 0.0001 by log rank test). Survival was dose-dependent, with median survival extended by 3, 9 or 15 days for 4, 6, or 9 doses, respectively. F10 also protected mice from leukemia-induced weight loss during and for several days after treatment. To confirm the in vivo activity of F10, we treated a separately derived syngeneic model expressing the T315I variant of BCR-ABL. As in the previous model, F10 significantly prolonged survival (p=0.0013). To further extend these results and confirm F10's activity against human ALL cells, we treated DG75, Jurkat, and SUP-B15 xenograft models. As in the murine models, F10 caused regression of disease with several animals cured and resulted in a significant survival benefit (p=0.0112).

As the uptake and mechanism of action of F10 is unique we sought to determine the in vivo efficacy of F10 on ALL previously treated with cytarabine. When mice injected with previously treated ALL cells were treated with cytarabine a median survival benefit of only one day (11 vs 12 days) was observed. In contrast F10 treatment resulted in a median survival of 31 days, similar to the survival seen in previously untreated ALL.

F10 exposure results in trapped topoisomerase I (Topo1) cleavage complexes in vitro . To determine if this occurs in vivo , we treated leukemic C57Bl/6 or nude mice harboring ALL xenografts with F10. After 24 hours, leukemia cells were harvested and assayed for trapped Topo1 complexes. F10 treatment resulted in detectable trapped Topo1 complexes in both the xenograft and syngeneic models.

In summary, F10 exhibited remarkable activity against human and murine ALL cells in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis and trapping Topo1 complexes. These data demonstrate agents that target "final common pathways" but with differential uptake can be safe and effective, even against genetically complex and aggressive leukemias.

Disclosures: Pardee: Salzburg Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Gmeiner: Salzburg Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.


While the hemipteran species Perillus bioculatus (Fabricius, 1775) was introduced to Serbia a while ago, the number of records has been rapidly increasing in recent years. This paper presents new records of P. bioculatus on ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in association with Ophraella communa LeSage, 1986 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), which is a prey species for P. bioculatus.


Background: Senile gluteal dermatoses (SGD) is the hyperkeratotic lichenified skin lesions around of the gluteal cleft which was first reported in Japan. Distinctive skin lesions of senile gluteal dermatoses are brownish scalyplaques on the gluteal cleft and both sides of the buttocks assuming a pattern of "three corners of triangle". Objectives: Ulcers developed with SGD have not been reported and are easy to be confused with pressure ulcer. In this study, we evaluated the patients of senile gluteal dermatoses with ulcer. Methods: We retrospectively collected and investigated the patients of SGD with ulcers from 2010 to 2014 year. Results: The mean age of seven patients was 73.3 years (age range, 67-87 years), and male/female ratio is 0.4(2/5), and mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.4. All patients complained of symptom, 2 of tenderness, 4 of pain and 1 of mild itching. Duration of SGD was various from 2 weeks to 10 years. Duration of these treatments was various from 2 weeks to 6 weeks and the ulcers of all cases were recovered completely. Conclusion: The ulcers developed with SGD are thoughtto be produced by mainly friction more than pressure force in elderly peoples, and their locations different from that of pressure ulcers. And it is important to notice that these SGD ulcers have relatively shorter duration and better response of treatment than that of pressure ulcers, so it is necessary to avoid excessive treatment.


e15026Background: Colorectal cancer has been one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide, and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), resulting in colorectal liver metastases (CLM), relate to its mortality...


This study aims to determine the effect of brand image perception and interpersonal communication on consumer satisfaction either partially or simultaneously. This research design uses quantitative correlational research. The research instrument used is the Brand Image Perception Scale, Interpersonal Communication Scale, and Consumer Satisfaction Scale. There were 122 subjects involved in this study obtained using the accidental sampling technique. The data obtained were then analyzed using multiple regression analysis techniques. This means that simultaneously the two variables can predict high and low consumer satisfaction. This study indicates a positive influence between perceived brand image and interpersonal communication on consumer satisfaction in students using OVO E-wallet at the State University of Malang (p < 0.005; R Square 0.357).


In nature, carbon appears in an extremely rich variety of forms, making it an exceptionally intriguing element. While diamond is among the hardest materials known, graphite is among the softest, and both are based on one of the strongest covalent chemical bonds. Recently great advances have been made in the production and elucidation of the properties of nanoscopic pure carbon particles and of materials derived from them.[1321 For example, bulk quantity production methods for fullerenes have been developed and a high-Tc superconducting state has been discovered in doped fullerene materials.[31 Recently a class of larger graphitic objects has been discovered which includes so-called carbon onionsL4] (which consist of nested concentric spherical graphitic layers) and carbon nanotubes"] (i.e., nested concentric cylindrical graphitic layers known as tubules). Carbon nanotubes and other pure carbon nanostructures are abundantly produced in high current arcs (about lOOA and about 20 V) using graphite electrodes.l6I The arc parameters determine which carbon nanostructures will be most abundant. For example, the pressure of the inert buffer gas determines if the arc produces thick fullerene-con-


Introduction: Patients with mania are generally considered unreliable informants about their illness and most of the mania rating scales are clinician administered. There are few self-rating scales in mania and the utility of which is immense.Objective: The study was aimed to compare the co-relation between the self-rating scales and clinician rating scales in mania.Method: Forty-two patients with mania in the tertiary care center of North Indian setting were applied with Clinician Administered Rating Scale for Mania,Altman Self-Rating Mania scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Clinical Global Impression Scale at base line and consecutive four weeks. The scores were analyzed for correlation.Result: The Pearson's correlation coefficient rho between self rated vs. clinician in the first week scores was 0.368 with p value of <0.05. On the subsequent weeks the rho value progressively increased and became highly significant (p<0.01).Conclusion: Self-reporting by mania is reliable in looking at the symptoms. Self rating scale is not very reliable when the patient is very severely ill, at least to predict the severity /improvement, but, reliable when the patient improves from very severe illness to moderate or milder degree. The scale can be utilized as an augmentation to the clinical interview.


Abstract In the production of vulcanized rubber articles it is necessary to take into account the possibility of migration of sulfur from one ply into another. It is well-known that alterations in the concentration of sulfur and accelerators in a stock, taking place as a result of diffusion processes, may lead to alteration in the quality of the rubber. In particular, if in formulating mixes for multiply rubber-fabric articles we take into account the migration processes of the accelerating and vulcanizing agents, it becomes possible to prevent the occurrence of various defects through nonuniform vulcanization. Once again, if the unvulcanized stock is stored in piles, migration means that alterations in the concentration of sulfur and accelerators cannot be ruled out. Another factor closely connected with the quality of the resulting articles is the uniformity of distribution of the sulfur when added to a compounded stock. Thus the study of migration processes takes on considerable practical importance. O...


Over the past decade, a variety of expressive linguistic query languages have been developed. The most scalable of these have been implemented on top of an existing database engine. However, with the arrival of efficient, wide-coverage parsers, it is feasible to parse text on a scale that is several orders of magnitude larger. We show that the existing database approach will not scale up, and speculate on a new approach that leverages proximity search in the context of an IR engine. We also propose a simple syntax for querying linguistic annotations, avoiding the usability problems with existing tree query languages.


A primary aim of the Light Table project was to see if a combination of the optical laser disc, local area networks, and interactive videographic workstation technology could bring a major visual collection, (such as the Rotch Visual Collections of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology), to a campuswide population of undergraduate users. VIS (Visual Information System) is the name being given to the new genre of information technology. Much research and development effort is currently being applied to areas where the image has a special significance, for example in architecture and planning, in graphic and fine arts, in biology, in medicine, and in photography. One particular advance in the technology of VIS has been the facility to access visual information across a distributed computer system via LAN (Local Area Networks) and video delivery systems, (such as campus TV cable). This advance allows users to retrieve images from both local and remote sources, dispatching the image search through the LAN, and receiving the images back at their workstation via dedicated channels on the campus TV cable. Light Table is the title of a system that acts as a computer-based interactive videographic interface to a variety of visual information systems described in the body of this paper. It takes its name from the traditional, back- lit, translucent light table that lecturers use to assemble and view collections of slides for talks and seminars. The component of Light Table which is being reported in greatest detail here, a software outcome called Galatea, is a versatile and robust system capable of controlling video devices in a networked environment.


In this work the information loss in deterministic, memoryless systems is investigated by evaluating the conditional entropy of the input random variable given the output random variable. It is shown that for a large class of systems the information loss is finite, even if the input is continuously distributed. Based on this finiteness, the problem of perfectly reconstructing the input is addressed and Fano-type bounds between the information loss and the reconstruction error probability are derived.
For systems with infinite information loss a relative measure is defined and shown to be tightly related to Renyi information dimension. Employing another Fano-type argument, the reconstruction error probability is bounded by the relative information loss from below.
In view of developing a system theory from an information-theoretic point-of-view, the theoretical results are illustrated by a few example systems, among them a multi-channel autocorrelation receiver.


We propose new ensemble models for multivariate functional data classification as combinations of semi-metric-based weak learners. Our models extend current semi-metric-type methods from the univariate to the multivariate case, propose new semi-metrics to compute distances between functions, and consider more flexible options for combining weak learners using stacked generalisation methods. We apply these ensemble models to identify respondents' difficulty with survey questions, with the aim to improve survey data quality. As predictors of difficulty, we use mouse movement trajectories from the respondents' interaction with a web survey, in which several questions were manipulated to create two scenarios with different levels of difficulty.


Changing the Learning Landscape is about enabling higher education institutions in England, including colleges of further education providing higher education, to bring about change in their strategic approaches to technology in learning and teaching. This project is led by the Leadership Foundation for Higher Education in partnership with ALT, Higher Education Academy, JISC and the National Union of Students. All five
partners were involved as a team in authoring this publication.


We have focused on creating 90-second digital stories on the theme "Motttainai" in Susono's Educational Technology classes for future teachers. More and more people in Japan are interested in this Japanese word "Mottainai" which captures the spirit of making full use of resources. The college students were able to learn a lot of things concerning "Mottainai" by creating stories and showing them to the classmates. Creating digital "Mottainai" stories led to learning about Sustainable Development.


This study compared coverage differences in gender of athletes in the photographs over the five years of publication of ESPN The Magazine's annual "Body Issue." Grounded in the theoretical basis of framing, gender, photograph motion and context, and amount of clothing worn in photographs were examined for incidence of gender bias. Though males and females were represented and framed in relatively equal amounts, the manner in which the athletes were framed was troubling. Overall passive in nature in their framing, the photographs of the athletes seem to do anything but highlight the athleticism in the vast majority of the photographs. The findings suggest that gender bias is still present in mainstream sports media.


Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, "Magna Graecia" University, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, "Tommaso Campanella" Cancer Center of Germaneto, viale Europa, loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro "It is important to emphasize that in women undergoing surgery for endometriosis and not desiring pregnancy, a medical treatment is also extremely useful, if not mandatory, to prevent both pain relapse and disease recurrence rate."


Submicron powders of monoclinic yttria were prepared by thermal plasma processing of commercial yttria powder. The starting yttria powder was vaporized in the hot tail flame of a thermal argon plasma and the resulting vapor was quenched with hydrogen gas to form yttria particles with a 21-nm mean diameter. The synthesis of yttria by oxidizing yttrium carbide in the plasma was also examined. The plasma powders were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and differential thermal analysis. 13 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.


I assessed the usefulness of a portable stable isotope analyzer for assigning animals to food chains of tropical ecosystems. Based on the stable carbon isotope ratio of the animals' breath (δ13Cbreath), it was possible to distinguish between the isotopically distinct food chains of fruit‐eating bats and blood‐eating vampire bats. Portable instruments for the analysis of δ13Cbreath may improve our ability to quantify animal diets, because they are accurate and cheap, and most importantly they can be used in situ.


This study represents a systematic evaluation of protocols for protein extraction and cleanup for fruit proteomic analysis. Procedures were optimized using pooled lyophilized banana fruit pulp, which is known to be particularly tricky due to high concentrations of soluble polysaccharides, phenolics, and other substances that interfere with protein extraction and purification. A total of 18 combinations of three protein extraction procedures (SDS‐based, Triton X‐100‐based, and phenol‐based), three protein precipitating agents (ammonium acetate/methanol, TCA/acetone, and acetone), and two resolubilization buffers (classical Rabilloud and the so‐called R2D2) were compared for total protein yields and efficiency of recovery. The results demonstrate that while losses in total recovered protein are unavoidable, the degree of these losses depends on the method combinations used. Combinations based on buffer‐saturated phenol always gave the highest yields, and overall recovery and purity was highest when acetone was combined with the R2D2 buffer for protein purification and concentration. Comparative 2D‐PAGE analysis confirmed that this method combination produced high‐quality and reproducible gels and the largest numbers of spots per gel. The usefulness of this methodology was demonstrated on ripe fruits from several other species and shown to give excellent results.


Abstract A careful analysis of Michael Haranavicius's The Artist shows that this charming film is much more than a (mostly) silent, black-and white-movie. Based on a familiar 1920s motif, it tells the tale of the handsome leading man George Valentin (Jean Dujardin) who helps the upcoming Peppy (Bérénice Bejo) find stardom. The film is good, clean fun until there are hints that recall touches of Rod Serling's Twilight Zone. The characters are as trapped in their silent medium as they are in their personal relationships, that is, until George finds his voice. From a Jungian perspective, we discover the story of George's struggle with narcissism and shadow and a courtship with his soul. While this theme has been told many times, it surfaces here in a fresh, surprising new way that reminds us of the many roles played by the anima in a man's development.


This paper describes an algorithm for melody detection in polyphonic recordings. Our approach starts by obtaining a set of pitch candidates for each time frame, with recourse to an auditory model. Trajectories of the most salient pitches are then constructed. Next, note candidates are obtained by trajectory segmentation (in terms of frequency and pitch salience variations). Too short, low-salience and harmonically related notes are then eliminated. Finally, we extract the notes comprising the melody by selecting the most salient ones at each moment, exploiting melodic smoothness and removing spurious notes that correspond to abrupt drops in note saliences or durations.


Rise of sea level has aggravated saline water intrusion at Pearl River's outlets. This paper gives a brief acanmt of characteristica of saline water intrusion in Lingdingyang Bay, Modaornen, Jitimen and Huangmaohai during different periods. Based on Ippen and Haromen' s diffusion theroy and method, the change of saline water intrusion in distance at the above-mentioned areas when the sea level rises by 0. 4m- 1. Om can be reckoned. It is concluded that during high tide in dry period,distance of saline water intrusion will increase by 1km- 3km with maximum distance about 4km in Humen Channel, maximum intrusion distance by about 3 km in Modaomen Channel and about 5 km in Huangniaohai area.


Coastal regions are more and more affected by changes in water levels, storm patterns etc. owing to climate change. Nourishments and other human interventions constitute common practice in order to maintain and secure these areas. However, many aspects, especially the hydrodynamics, are not yet fully understood due to the complexity of the acting processes. This study investigates the evolution of submerged sandmounds under wave, current, and combined flow conditions, and examines the relation between the observed morphodynamic response, and the imposed hydrodynamic forcing. It aims to provide insight towards a better understanding of the hydrodynamics and morphodynamics that will lead to more efficient design, and accurate behaviour prediction of the nourishments. A physical experiment (MODEX) provided a reference dataset of hydrodynamic and morphodynamic measurements (wave height, flow velocity, bathymetry). The extent to which the dataset covers the full spectrumof acting processes was examined via a literature study of the documented mechanisms under wave, current, and combined flow conditions. It was found that the data do not capture slope effects, flow separation, and ripple influence on flow velocity. The analysis of the data resulted in the quantification of the flow types effect on several geometrical aspects (mound height, footprint area and shape, ripple pattern), and the position of the mound. In order to examine the extent to which the measured velocities are responsible for the observed response, sediment transport rates were estimated using an energetics model that depends on total, and orbital velocity. The results provided evidence that the observed response can not be fully explained using mean and orbital velocities. For this reason the study suggests an interpretation of the sediment pathways under the various flow types. Nevertheless these are on based on reasoning, and thus are not considered to be proven. Moreover, the results revealed a relation between aspects of the morphological response and Umax2 (which relates to the instantaneous maximum flow energy). The mound height reduction rate (dHm/dt), and migration rate (dx/dt) scale linearly with Umax2 , while the mound footprint length/width ratio displays an inverse linear relation. Lastly, the relation betweenmound area change rate (dA/dt), and flow energy is linear for non-oscillatory, and combined flow, and a parabolic for oscillatory flow. Finally, despite the limitations and omissions, this study provides significant insight on the evolution of submerged mounds. It is first step in the direction of more accurate prediction of morphological change, and more efficient design of nourishments.


We encountered three cases of the intra-thyroidal ectopic thymus at autopsy and also performed three autopsy cases consisted of mothers and children, and children with severe stress. The morphological and immune histochemical characteristics of the Hassall's corpuscles were examined in those in ectopic and normal positioned thymus, and in the thymuses obtained from mothers and children, and children with severe stress. The Hassall's corpuscles obtained from ectopic and normal positioned thymus showed resemble morphology and stainability with antibodies. These results indicate the Hassall's corpuscles in the intra-thyroidal ectopic thymuses also possess the biological significance.


Graph G =(V,E) is a simple graph,V is vertex set,E is edge set.W(G),is graph G,distance between two different points,that is W(G) = ∑d(i,j)(i,j) ∈ V,the text show will us Winer index of P and C.W(P2),W(C2) are also included


The first generation of leadership represented by MAO Ze-dong has made preliminary exploration on how to rule the state according to laws and to develop socialist democracy under socialist system.Based on the summed-up experience and during the great practice of reform and opening-up policy,the second generation of leadership represented by DENG Xiao-ping has created newthoughts on modern legal system,which are closely related to democracy,aim at establishing a complete set of legal systems,assured by training of cadres working on politics and laws,achieved by way of universal edˉucation of legal system,and takes reinforcement of the Party's leadership as its key point.During its practice,the third generation of leadership headed by JIANG Ze-min has succeeded DENG Xiao-ping's thoughts on ruling the state according to laws,and developed them into our guiding principles in realizing ruling the state according to laws and build socialist country with legal systems.


Maternal perception of fetal movement is a valuable tool for early detection of fetal compromise. Fetal movement is a reliable sign of fetal well being.These early signs of fetal movement may at first be confused as simply gas, but actually growing baby is rocking and rolling inside the belly. Fetal movement counting often called 'kick counting' represents a maneuver whereby a mother can help monitor the movements of her unborn baby by counting the number of kicks in a given time period. This is an indicator of fetal health and the novice mothers can identify and prevent the complications before the child birth. In order to educate and encourage the primigravidae to improve their knowledge regarding fetal movement counting, the study was conducted to evaluate the Effectiveness of video assisted Teaching on knowledge regarding self assessment of daily fetal movement (DFMC), among primigravidae in selected maternity hospitals at, Bengaluru. Methods: Pre-experimental design, with non probability purposive sampling method was used. Information was collected from 50 primigravidae attending antenatal OPD regarding self assessment of daily fetal movement count (DFMC)


The application of fractal theory to process geochemical prospecting data can provide useful information for evaluating mineralization potential. A geochemical survey was carried out in the west area of Coruna province (NW Spain). Major elements and trace elements were determined by standard analytical techniques. It is well known that there are specific elements or arrays of elements, which are associated with specific types of mineralization. Arsenic has been used to evaluate the metallogenetic importance of the studied zone. Moreover, as can be considered as a pathfinder of Au, as these two elements are genetically associated. The main objective of this study was to use multifractal analysis to characterize the distribution of three trace elements, namely Au, As, and Sb. Concerning the local geology, the study area comprises predominantly acid rocks, mainly alkaline and calcalkaline granites, gneiss and migmatites. The most significant structural feature of this zone is the presence of a mylonitic band, with an approximate NE-SW orientation. The data set used in this study comprises 323 samples collected, with standard geochemical criteria, preferentially in the B horizon of the soil. Occasionally where this horizon was not present, samples were collected from the C horizon. Samples were taken in a rectilinear grid. The sampling lines were perpendicular to the NE-SW tectonic structures. Frequency distributions of the studied elements departed from normal. Coefficients of variation ranked as follows: Sb < As < Au. Significant correlation coefficients between Au, Sb, and As were found, even if these were low. The so-called 'gliding box' algorithm (GB) proposed originally for lacunarity analysis has been extended to multifractal modelling and provides an alternative to the 'box-counting' method for implementing multifractal analysis. The partitioning method applied in GB algorithm constructs samples by gliding a box of certain size (a) over the grid map in all possible directions. An "up-scaling" partitioning process will begin with a minimum size or area box (amin) up to a certain size less than the total area A. An advantage of the GB method is the large sample size that usually leads to better statistical results on Dq values, particularly for negative values of q. Because this partitioning overlaps, the measure defined on these boxes is not statistically independent and the definition of the measure in the gliding boxes is different. In order to show the advantages of the GB method, spatial distributions of As, Sb, and Au in the studied area were analyzed. We discussed the usefulness of this method to achieve the numerical characterization of anomalies and its differentiation from the background from the available data of the geochemistry survey


1,4-Dioxane is an EPA priority pollutant often found in contaminated ground waters and industrial effluents. Conventional water treatment techniques are limited to decompose this compound effectively. Therefore, an advanced oxidation process system (AOP) was used for the degradation of 1,4-dioxane. This research investigates the effect of adding oxidants, such as ozone, air, and H2O2 during the UV irradiation of 1,4-dioxane solution. In order to analyze 1,4-dioxane, a modified 8270 method, which is an improved method of U.S EPA 8720, was used. Degradation efficiencies of 1,4-dioxane by only UV irradiation at various temperatures were not significant. However, The addition of oxidants and air bubbling in the UV irradiation system for 1,4-dioxane decomposition showed the higher 1,4-dioxane degradation rate. And, during AOP treatment the tendency of TOC changes was similar to that of 1,4-dioxane decomposition rate.


RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ( RA ) is an important cause ofmorbidity and mortality in the United Kingdom. It is characterised by chronic inflammatory infiltration ?f sy?ovium and o~her connective tissues, with resulting impairment ofphysical, psychological and social function. Control of inflammation, therefore, is central to its manag.e~en~ ,,:ithin the wider context of patient care by a multi-disciplinary team of health-care professionals. At present there is no ideal drug therapy for RA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) ["second! third line" drugs] require a balance of efficacy with toxicity which limits their usefulness for a significant number of patients. ,!,he rheuma!olo~ical 'Holy Grail' remains the pursuit of disease-specific mtervention. Although much is now under~to~d about t~e molecular events surrounding synovial inflammation and cartilage destruction no aetiological agent has yet been identified. Biological therapies, particularly directed against T-lymphocytes and modification of cytokine activities (eg. tumour necrosis factor a), are emerging, but as yet, appear no more specific than already available drugs. Why use DMARDs at all? The reduction in pain score morning ~tiffne~s,ES.R and C-reactive protein is highl; reproducible as ISthe Improved function achieved during response to therapy. I Over a longer period, DMARDs may also slow the rate ofradiological progression ofbone erosions.' It is true that few patients achieve the American Rheumatism Association criteria for disease remission 3 but a greater than 50% improvement in the above indices will have a significant impact on quality of life. We currently offer DMARD therapy to patients with active synovitis, radiological evidence of bone erosion or rapid functional decline and similar criteria are applied regardless of gender, disease duration or age. ~ydroxychloroquine,sulphasalazine, D-penicillamine or mtramuscular gold are often chosen first, after which methotrexate or azathioprine may also be used. Prednisolone is not used routinely because ofassociated long-term morbidity. Moreover, it has never been proven to posse.ss tru~ ".second line" properties, although studies addressmg this Issue are proceeding. Aft~rone year approximately two thirds ofpatients will remam on sulphasalazine, penicillamine or intramuscular gold and around one third after five years.' Adverse effects remain a major cause of drug cessation. Manoeuvres designed to reduce toxicity, such as sulphasalazine desensitisation" or folic acid!methotrexate combination therapY; areyrobably beneficial but significant problems remam, particularly the prediction ofpatient susceptibility to adverse effects. Concern about drug toxicity should, however,. be balanced b~ recollection of RA mortality rates, which for some patient groups compare with those ofHodgkin's lymphoma or triple-vessel cardiac disease.' Despite DMARD therapy, the prognosis remains poor for a number of RA patients, particularly those who are seropositive, erosive and have early impairment of functional status," and alternative approaches for DMARD use have been proposed. Magnetic resonance images ofRAjoints demonstrate erosive changes as early as three months after symptomatic onset.v'? Thus, there might b~ considerable advantage in treating patients aggressively as soon after diagnosis as possible. yn~ortunately,we l~ck useful and reliable prognostic indicators, and there IS concern that patients destined for a benign course will receive potentially toxic therapy. Should treatment initially be with combinations ofdrugs such as corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents, normally reserved for advanced disease, and then be scaled down to a single recognised" second line" drug for maintenance therapy? In a manner analogous to the management of haematological malignancy, the eradication of the inflammatory response would become the therapeutic goal. Chemotherapeutic regimes may be devised to induce remission of RA, and subsequent flares then be treated as disease recurrence with modified versions of the inducti~e pr?tocol. Currently, such schemes could only be practised m the confines ofclinical trials and in patients in who~ so~e prognostic features were suggestive of aggressrve disease, ego HLA DR4+, or early erosions. Th~ limiting factor remains the inherent toxicity ofsuch regnnens. Nevertheless, in our routine practice, patients are being offered DMARDs earlier in the course of their disease and studies are underway to assess the impact of this strate~.The corollary t~ this is the requirement for early referral to rheumatologists from the community the differentiation ofreactive arthritis and osteoarthritis from inflammatory polyarthritis ·which will progress to des~l1!ctive disease is a vital precondition to therapeutic decisions, Furthermore, early connective tissue disease such as SLE, scleroderma or vasculitis is not always as easy to diagnose in the initial stages as the textbooks might suggest.


Introduction \ 1. Jurisprudence \ 2. The Model of Rules I \ 3. The Model of Rules II \ 4. Hard Cases \ 5. Constitutional Cases \ 6. Justice and Rights \ 7. Taking Rights Seriously \ 8. Civil Disobedience \ 9. Reverse Discrimination \ 10. Liberty and Moralism \ 11. Liberty and Liberalism \ 12. What Rights Do We Have? \ 13. Can Rights Be Controversial? \ Appendix: A Reply to Critics \ Index.


Screening of high density protein arrays requires large numbers of unique antibody‐epitope tag pairs. The small number of peptide epitope probes that are commercially available1 are a limiting factor in the implementation of useful combinatorial screens. Fifty 6‐mer peptide epitope probes were designed 2, synthesized, and rendered immunogenic. Multiple monoclonal antibodies (mAb's) were isolated to each epitope by routine procedures. However, it was observed that mAb's produced in this manner failed to recognize the immunizing sequence when 'inserted in', or 'appended to' an expressed protein. In order to understand the lack of antibody recognition, epitope probes were synthesized in various presentation formats and tested for binding with the cognate mAb. Screening was carried out using a contact printing technique that allowed evaluation of 30 different peptides in a single well of a 96‐well assay plate, in a spot based array format. This contact printing technique provides a robust, economical, and efficient process for the screening of multiple peptide probes with mAbs. Results obtained also explained the inability of the isolated mAb's to bind the cognate sequence as referenced above, and provide critical antibody‐epitope recognition principles at the molecular level.


While usability testing is well established, assessing the usability of security software, tools, or methods deserves more careful consideration. It has been argued that dealing with security has become too difficult for individuals or organizations to manage effectively or to use conveniently. As difficult as it is for system administrators and developers to deal with, security is even more challenging for casual users. Indeed, it is much too easy for casual/home users to configure the security of their systems in non-optimal ways that leave their systems inadvertently insecure. This is exacerbated by the fact that casual users are focused on matters other than security, and likely would prefer not even to think about security. This brief report argues that when security and/or privacy are part of the equation, traditional methods for usability testing should be re-considered. The purpose of this brief report is to argue for and outline a method associated with a new approach to usability testing for examining usable security issues.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Birdshot chorioretinitis is a rare disease independently involving the retina and the choroid. Retinal involvement has deleterious functional consequences. This study aimed to follow retinal profiles in early (< 1 year, untreated), intermediate (1 to 6 years, receiving therapy), and late (> 6 years) birdshot chorioretinitis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Optical coherence tomography images were retrospectively evaluated in 28 eyes and retinal thickness was calculated in the foveola, parafoveal nasal, and temporal area; nasal and temporal mid-peripheral macula; and nasal and temporal periphery of the macula.

RESULTS
Retinal thickness was significantly elevated in early birdshot chorioretinitis because of diffuse exudative retinal vasculopathy. In late disease, retinal thickness was significantly thinned at all measured locations compared with early disease. Epiretinal membrane development was observed in 92% of eyes with late birdshot chorioretinitis.

CONCLUSION
The retina is thickened and exudative in early birdshot chorioretinitis, thickness diminishes during intermediate birdshot chorioretinitis, and retinal thinning/atrophy with a high rate of epiretinal membrane is observed in late birdshot chorioretinitis.


Based on experimental investigation in a single-cylinder diesel engine, the characteristics of exhaust emissions from the engine buming different fuels of natural guy (as main fuel) and pure diesel oil have been analysed, the two groups of data related to differently fueled engines have been compared, and the electronically controlled natural gas injection has been presented.


A device on a process control network transmits scheduled messages at periodic intervals and unscheduled messages between scheduled message transmissions. A dynamic time remaining value is produced by subtracting a current timer value from a next scheduled event time each time the timer is incremented. If the time required to transmit an unscheduled message is greater than the time remaining value, the message is not transmitted.


- Monday Movers in action, an exercise group for people in the 'second halves of their life', 6 Balcairn Street. 20-04-2015 1.44 p.m.


Objective To establish a system for isolation and culture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from Kun-ming mouse in intro and to identify the characteristics of the cells,directional neuronal and adipocytic induction after culture expansion. MethodMSCs were isolated and cultivated from the bone marrow of Kun-ming mice by investigating their adherence-dependent growth characters. The morphological characters of MSCs were observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. Shape characteristics of MSCs were studied by AKP staining,Hoechst33258 staining,white Giemsa staining. MSCs were induced into neurone-like cells by β-ME,and stained with H.E after induction,then their characteristics were observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. The differentiation ratio analysis of differentiated neurocytes was detected by immunocyte-fluorescence of NF-200 and NSE. MSCs were induced into adipocytes by horse serum,the process of growth in vitro,was observed and the differentiation ratio analysis of differentiated adipocytes was detected by Oil Red O stain. Result Separated MSCs were fibroblast-like cells,they had several nucleoluses,and the positive rates of AKP staining were 93.2%±1.5%. MSCs could differentiate into several phenotype characteristic neurocytes after induced by β-ME,their shape characteristics were similar with primer passage of mouse full-brain cells. Both NF-200 and NSE immunocyte-fluorescence of Neurones after induction were positive,and the positive rates of NF-200 and NSE were 85.4%±1.8% and 82.7%±2.1%,respectively. MSCs could differentiate into adipocytes in 100 percent after induced by horse serum,and Oil Red O stain was positive.ConclusionMesenchymal stem cells of Kun-ming mouse can be successfully isolated and cultivated from mouse bone marrow by keeping its adherence-dependent growth characters. They have directional trans-differentiation potentiality to various neurocytes and adipocytes.


The role of chronic tissue hypoxia in the keloid patho-mechanism has been widely accepted. Whereas, the pulsed-light heat energy (LHE) has been developed which has the capacity to generate reactive oxygen species on exposed skin. Although the supra keloidal flap technique has a high recurrence rate, it was used because of its capacity to prevent suturing hypoxia, thereby the formation of lager recurrent keloid after surgery. The combination of supra keloidal flap and pulsed light heat energy was done I the treatment of postvaricella keloid on the right ear lobe of a 9 year old girl. The keloid was excised two times a year ago, but observation one month after the surgery showed a recurrent larger keloid. The performance of supra keloidal technique followed by pulsed-light heat energy treatment in dose 2.5 J/cm2, was administered on day 3r


VII Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Blair Orr, for his constant support and dedication throughout my time in the Master's International Forestry program. Although Blair is an extremely busy man he always finds the time for his students whether they are steps away from his office or countries away serving in the Peace Corps. Blair; thank you for the phone calls, packages, reading material, equipment, breakfasts, the stories and the mentoring. I aspire to be as dedicated and driven as you are in all aspects of life. I would also like to thank the members of my committee, Dr. Hato Horcón with me in the intense heat of Panamá. Without your help I would not have been able to get as much information as I did or finish in the time we managed. I know living as roommates in an unstable tiny hut built on stilts wasn't easy at times, but your laughter, music and meals transformed the tiny hut into a friendly, warm home. Thank you. A thank you goes to my mom and dad for always knowing what to say and when to say it. Your phone calls, packages and constant supporting words kept me strong and focused. Finally, thank you to JC for waiting and always reminding me that everything was going to work out. You were right. VIII Abstract Fuelwood is a basic necessity used to sustain the lives of people throughout the developing world. Each day within the village of Hato Horcón subsistence farmers use their local knowledge and best judgment to locate fuelwood sources. The eventual development of local knowledge and the understanding of the surrounding environment allow these farmers to locate good places to find fuelwood and to identify species preferred for use as fuelwood. Over time, the population of Hato Horcón has increased and agricultural land use has intensified. The combination of both factors has affected the supply of fuelwood throughout the village. Trees once used as public sources of fuelwood have been claimed through usufruct land tenure, and public fuelwood collection areas known through local knowledge have been converted to agricultural land. The current conditions have caused farmers to adapt to and create new methods of how to locate and collect fuelwood through land management strategies. The purpose of this study was to analyze a set of variables to investigate the process a farmer goes through in …


Objective: Patients repeatedly applying to the emergency department have become a common problem for many hospitals. With this study, the demographic characteristics of the patients who applied to an emergency department in 12 or more times in a year, the patients' hospitalization status, and the rate of using ambulance service were retrospectively examined.
Material and Methods: This study is a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional research article. The study was conducted in the 1300-bed Sakarya Training and Research Hospital (SEAH) adult emergency room (ER), the largest hospital in Sakarya Province, the study period was 2019. Adult patients with 12 or more emergency department applications per year were selected for the study.
Results: In the SEAH adult emergency department, 220.296 patients have examined a total of 382.413 times (1.74 per person) during 2019. The applying patients' to the SEAH adult emergency room 12 times or more in a year was 808 in 2019. These patients' emergency examinations' total quantity was 14369, presenting 3.76% of all emergency examinations, 625 (77.4%) were never hospitalized. Of these patients 420 (52%) were male; the median age was 47. The emergency department examinations estimate was 17.78 (±10.98) times averagely, the median amount was 15 times, and was between 12-192. Of them, 305 (37.7%) had also applied to the psychiatry outpatient clinic at least once. A weak but notable correlation was perceived between the number of outpatient clinic admissions and emergency service admissions (p = 0.001, r = 0.245).
Conclusion: Frequent users visit the ER and other polyclinics regularly. Limitations should be required on these patients using emergency services in non-emergency situations. It is essential to pay specific attention to frequent emergency room users and investigate the motivations for proceeding to the emergency room


The commercial expansion of the English East India Company in the Indian subcontinent (1), as a result of the concessions granted to them by the Mughal Emperor Jehan Kerr (1605-1627) (2), and its acquisition of commercial centers in Surat in 1608 and in Masulipatam in 1611, which coincided with With the political trends that outweighed the economic motives and the issuance of the royal decree in 1661 that expanded the powers of the company and authorized it to declare war or peace with any non-Christian prince in the name of the crown (3).And the culmination of the supportive position of the British King Charles II(1660-1685), the company granted the island of Bombay to them in 1668 in exchange for ten pounds as an annual rent (4), noting that the king obtained it as a result of a contract with


Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects the joints principally. Synovitis , cartilage and bone erosion are the most prominent symptoms of (RA).  Stages of development of this disease are very complex, Synovial cells that rupture and form inflammation in the synovium, followed by cartilage and bone deterioration. Cytokines are proteins that play a crucial role in the onset arise causing and progression of the disease. This research aims to learn more about interleukin-11, which is a protein produced by the immune system. A cytokine belongs to the interleukin-6 family. It has pro- and anti-inflammatory potentials and its relationship to the disease can be determined by measuring the level of (IL-11) concentration.
Materials and Methods:
The current study included 45 patients with (RA), in addition to 45 (apparently healthy) subjects as a control group of the study.  These samples were collected from Marjan Hospital in Babylon Governorate (joints unit) during the period from 1/11/2021 to 3/15/2022.  The sera of all patients and control group were examined for determination of IL-11 concentration level, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, which are a type of immunoassay in which the enzyme is coupled to (ELISA).
Results:
At the likelihood level, the study's findings have revealed a considerable decrease in IL-11 level (P≤0.05) for patients with (RA), when comparing the rates of the same criteria for the control group.
Conclusion:
The concentration of interleukin 11 in the sera of rheumatoid arthritis patients was found to be less than in the control group in the current investigation.


The subduction of oceanic plates regulates crustal growth, influences arc volcanism, and refertilizes the mantle. Continental growth occurs by subduction of crustal material (seawater components, marine sediments, and basaltic crust). The geochemical and physical evolution of the Earth's crust depends, in large part, on the fate of subducted material at convergent margins (Armstrong, 1968; Karig and Kay, 1981). The crustal material on the downgoing plate is recycled to various levels in the subduction zone. The recycling process that takes place in the "Subduction Factory" is difficult to observe directly but is clearly illuminated using chemical tracers. Von Huene and Scholl (1991) and Plank and Langmuir (1993) preliminarily calculated a large flux of subducted materials. By mass balancing the chemical tracers and measuring the fractionations that occur between them, the Subduction Factory work and the effect on the Earth's evolution can be estimated. In order to elucidate this mass balance, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 185 drilled two deepwater shales into the oceanic crust situated in the Mariana-Izu Trenches and recovered core samples of incoming oceanic crust. The calculations of mass circulation in the subduction zone, however, did not take into account the mass transfer properties within subducted oceanic crust, although the dewatering fluid and diffused ions may play an important role in various activities such as seismogeneity, serpentine diapiring, and arc volcanism. Thus, this paper focuses on the quantitative measurements of the physical and mass transfer properties of subducted oceanic crust. 1Hirono, T., 2003. Data report: Measurement of mass transfer properties with subducted oceanic plate. In Ludden, J.N., Plank, T., and Escutia, C. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 185, 1–14 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web: <http:// www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/ 185_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/ 002.PDF>. [Cited YYYY-MM-DD] 2Deep Sea Research Department, Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. email@example.com


ABSTRACT
The Cooperative is a "pillar of the lndonesian economy" which needs to be managed professionally, as stipulated in article jj of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Articles of this research explain determinant factors for the performance of cooPerative managers in Ambon City. The population studied included administrators, supervisors and managers of 200 active cooperatives or from 176 cooperatives wiith managers. Determination of the sample was carried out through a simple random technique, so that the number of
respondents representing each population group (managers, administrators, and supervisors of cooperatives) was 64 people each. The analysis technique used is multiple regression. The results of the study found that there are heo determinant factors namely intellecnal capilal and
entrepreneurship significantly' influence cooperative business performance, while the business strategy has no significant effect on cooperative business performance in Ambon City. It is recommended that regional government officials and stakeholder cooperatives in Ambon City
pay attention to the availability and empowerment of management intellectual capital with members of cooperatives, provide financial support for cooperative managers to benchmarking entrepreneurial insight, and design cooperative business strategies that are profitable and relevant to regional potential and competitive conditions the business faced, both with fellow cooperatives and with other economic actors so that cooperatives continue to exist, survive, and
develop as pillars of the local and national economy.
Kepvords: Intellectual Capital, Entrepreneurship, Business Strategy, Manager Performance, Cooperative.


Fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of speech is a useful tool for measuring the social organization of micro interactions. Past research suggests that "adaptation" in the lower nonverbal vocal frequencies may be associated with bystander perceptions of dominance and prestige, but these factors have not been compared in a single study. Furthermore, it is unclear whether nonverbal vocal adaptation has an independent effect on bystander perceptions of dominance or prestige in naturalistic settings. To explore these questions, we aired manipulated versions of interviews from Piers Morgan Live to panels of undergraduates who then rated the dominance and prestige of the host and his guest. We find that nonverbal vocal adaptation is uniquely associated with dominance perceptions. We also find that nonverbal vocal adaptation does not have an effect on dominance perceptions that is independent of other cues. A step-by-step guide to help others use FFT voice analysis is provided.


A 39-year-old man presented with a non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction which was treated with thrombolysis, and he made an uneventful recovery. His only risk factor was smoking for 5 years. Echocardiogram showed an ejection fraction of 55%. He denied previous episodes of chest pain, unusual childhood illnesses and inflammatory diseases. A month later he underwent coronary angiography (figures 1⇓–3 …


The invention discloses a satellite data receiving task scheduling system and a satellite data receiving task scheduling method. The system comprises a data receiving and recording task processing device, a data transmission task processing device, a quick-look task processing device, a filing task processing device, a quality monitoring task processing device, a record transmission task processing device, a transmission and retransmission task processing device, an operation flow monitoring device, a satellite receiving project management device, a satellite receiving project resolving processing device, a satellite receiving project monitoring device, a satellite receiving report processing device, a task completion checking device, a task planning device, a task checking device and a manual closed loop processing device. The system can be used for overcoming the defects of low development efficiency, poor system maintenance performance, poor expandability and the like of an original system, realizing system capitalization and enhancing the system expandability and the maintainability.


We study the response of a dynamic non-linear single degree of freedom system with cubic characteristic to a combination of additive random noise and external deterministic periodic force. We apply the principles of stochastic resonance in the field of wind engineering to investigate vibration of a slender prismatic beam in a cross flow with a turbulence component. The aim of the study is to find such parameter combinations which should be avoided in practice to eliminate response amplitude increase due to the effect of the stochastic resonance. We assume the non-linear oscillator (beam) with one generalized degree of freedom in the divergence-like regime. It is described by the version of the Duffing equation. We conduct the theoretical investigation with the use of relevant Fokker-Planck equation together with a verification by numerical simulation of corresponding stochastic differential system. Real characteristics of the beam sectional model investigated in the wind tunnel are employed. Complex tunnel testing combining generated noisy background of variable intensity (additive noise) with harmonic excitation produced by the linear motor attached to the experimental stand. The special appliance related with the stand allows the snapthrough effect to be respected.


In this study, rotating long thick-walled fiber reinforced composite cylinders with closed ends are investigated within the elastic limits by using analytical methods. Hoffman yield criteria is employed to the elastic problem to find limit angular velocities. Composite body of the cylinders are consisting of isotropic matrix and transversely isotropic fibers which are unidirectionally aligned in circumferential direction. Alterations on the elastic stress and displacement fields are examined by taking various fiber volume fraction and wall thickness values. Obtained results emphasized that both parameters highly influence the distributions of stress, displacement and commencement of the yielding.


The present investigative work was took to effect in the Station Experiment of Litoral South (EELS) of the INIAP, where was collect it the sample of the trees in study. The Station Experiment, located in the Km 26, Way to Yaguachi – Guayas. The extract of DNA was make in the Laboratory of Biotecnology of the University Technique State of Quevedo, located in the Km 1,5 via Quevedo – Santo Domingo de los Colorados, and the Laboratory of the EELS. Finally was took to effect the genotyping of the samples of C.ochroxylum, M. peruiferum y M. tinctoria, in the Laboratory of Biotecnology of the Station Experiment Santa Catalina of the INIAP, located on the Panamericana South km 1, via Tambillo, Enclosure "Cutuglagua", Pichincha.

The proposed general objective was: Characterizar molecularly the accessions of C. ochroxylum, M. peruiferum y M. tinctoria, for to determinate the degree of genetic diversity in the poblations of the tree germplasm bank of the EELS, and the specific objectives; To determinate the genetic relation- variation level present in the species in study using the RAPD technique molecular; Traits the efficient the RAPD molecular markers for to characterisate the genetic content of the three trees, subject to the hypothesis; Exist genetic variability between the poblations of C.ochroxylum, M. peruiferum y M. tinctoria detected throught of molecular markers; the RAPD moleculars markers are efficient by analysing the genetic variability.

The RAPD technique was used to assess the genetic relationships among 78
accessions of C.ochroxylum, 24 accessions of M. peruiferum y 21 accessions of M. tinctoria, was collected in the provinces of Azuay, Canar, Loja, El Oro and Zamora Chinchipe Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Guayas, Loja, Los Rios y Manabi, to the Litoral of the Ecuador. The statistic analysis "cluster analysis" and "PCO" was accomplished in base to polymorphism registre how in the case C.ochroxylum able to generated 26 bands polymorphism obtained from 7 RAPD primers, with M. peruiferum, was obtain 49 polymorphism was use 7 RAPD primers, and for ultimate with M. tinctoria was obtain 44 bands polymorphism obtained from 6 RAPD primers. The results grouped the accessions of each kind between them. The dendrograma separated clearly groups and subgroups in of the three species tree in study, in base to these results, revealed the structuration of the genetic material of the species tree in study, furthermore it is supported the hypothesis of designating to the materials collected in the zone of the Amazonia and Catacocha as a new taxon of the genera Myroxylon, the result suggest possible events of hybridizing interspecific within genera Myroxylon.


Numerical computing software (via MathWorks MATLAB) has been developed to understand the relationship between shock wave passage in geological targets (i.e., heterogeneous media) and the formation of shock veins and associated high‐pressure/temperature polymorphs. This approach takes into consideration the pressure due to the passage of the shock front, subsequent rarefaction unloading pressures, and associated heating and cooling rates. The model is applied to calculate pressure–temperature–time conditions for coesite‐ and stishovite‐bearing shock veins within metaquartzites of the Vredefort impact structure of South Africa. To constrain the model, the position of the host metaquartzites at the time of impact is first reconstructed. The developed code then passes the appropriate shock conditions through the target to re‐create the shock wave, while simultaneously forming and cooling the shock veins via 2‐D steady‐state conduction. We have found that (1) at the time of shock vein formation (2.4 s following the initial contact of the projectile), the shock front pressure was 13.8 GPa and the width of the shock wave was of 27 km; (2) the melt within the shock veins initially reached ~3000 °C, which corresponds to the melting temperature of the target rock at 13.8 GPa. Simulation results indicate that conditions reach the stishovite stability field within 2 ms of vein formation (~10–14 GPa; 2000–3000 °C), followed by coesite within 1.29 s (~3–10 GPa; 600–2000 °C). The dwell time of the modeled shock vein system is 4.35 s. The shock vein system is completely solidified 33.4 s after the initial shock front passage. The calculated P–T–t path of the model indicates that the polymorphs within the shock veins of the metaquartzites at Vredefort formed under their normal stability field conditions following rarefaction wave decompression.


A 43-year-old man with a 5-year history of daily chaotic irregular palpitations refractory to antiarrhythmic drug therapy was referred for electrophysiological assessment and radiofrequency (RF) ablation for possible paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Ambulatory monitoring had revealed a repetitive irregular narrow complex tachycardia with no clear identifiable P-wave activity, with what appeared to be intermittent bundle branch block aberration (Fig. 1). The patient had a history of primary Sjögren's syndrome positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and previous tuberculous pericardial constriction treated with surgical pericardiectomy. Left ventricular systolic function was normal. The patient was brought to the electrophysiology lab in the drug-free, postabsorptive state. Quadripolar electrode catheters were placed in the high right atrium, right ventricular apex, and His bundle; and a decapolar catheter was placed in the coronary sinus with the proximal bipole at the ostium. The resting surface, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), and baseline conduction intervals were normal. No ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction was noted (ventricular pacing cycle length 800 ms) at baseline or following isoproterenol infusion (2 μg/min). Programmed atrial stimulation (atrial pacing cycle length 600 ms) revealed dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways (Fig. 2). Tachycardia was subsequently observed to initiate spontaneously during sinus rhythm in the absence of isoproterenol. Earliest activation was seen at the high right atrial catheter at a coupling interval compatible with the next expected sinus beat (Fig. 3). What is the mechanism of this tachycardia?


Abstract Composites of radar and wind observations in a coordinate system attached to a moving tropical squall line confirm that such a squall system is composed of two separate circulation features: a convective squall-line region and a stratiform anvil region. The squall-line region is characterized by mesoscale boundary-layer convergence, which feeds deep convective updrafts, and mid-to-upper-level divergence associated with outflow from the cells. The anvil region is characterized by mid-level convergence, which feeds both a mesoscale downdraft below the anvil and a mesoscale updraft within the anvil cloud. Before this study, the mesoscale updraft in the anvil cloud of the tropical squall system had been somewhat speculative, and both the anvil updraft and downdraft had been inferred only qualitatively. The occurrence of the anvil updraft is now proven and quantitative profiles of the mesoscale anvil updraft and downdraft have been obtained.


This document specifies tests to determine if multiple, independent,
and interoperable implementations of a metrics specification document
are at hand so that the metrics specification can be advanced to an
Internet standard. Results of different IPPM implementations can be
compared if they measure under the same underlying network conditions.
Results are compared using state of the art statistical methods.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate the applicability of the high-ductile fibre cementitious composite to develop seismically improved reinforced concrete columns. The high-ductile fibre cementitious composites were fabricated to exhibit high-ductile tensile strains as above 2.0% with sustaining the tensile stress after cracks and to develop multiple micro-cracks while avoiding crack localisation. In order to seismically improve the reinforced concrete column, the precast box made of the high-ductile fibre cementitious composite was locally used at the flexurally critical region in the column plastic hinge zone, and the construction process was also proposed. In seismic capacity evaluation of the developed column, cyclical loading tests were carried out by using four column specimens fabricated. It was revealed, from experiments, that the developed reinforced concrete and the high-ductile fibre cementitious composite columns showed an improvement of the seismic capacity of the column as well as a minimisation of flexural and shear cracks in the bending critical region of the column.


Abstract Turkey is in the process of formulating its new foreign-policy discourse on Sub-Saharan Africa. The emerging discourse is reaching for old themes like Ottomanism and Islamic humanitarianism, and for newer themes such as "the trading-state." The Turkish experience of Sub-Saharan Africa is not rich, and hence the reliance of actors on themes developed in geographical regions quite other than Sub-Saharan Africa. Typically in the early stages of such discourse, its themes reflect images of the major actors more than the realities. As actors' understanding of a subject area improves, the early themes of a discourse are necessarily adjusted to accommodate the issues that emerge in that area. Adjustment happens also in response to various agents' critical commentaries. It is, therefore, a foregone conclusion that the foreign-policy discourse on Sub-Saharan Africa that has emerged so far will undergo constant adjustment.


The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is one of the most comprehensive and innovative pieces of human rights legislation ever introduced. It provides exceptional opportunities for the advancement of children's rights in the 1990s and beyond, setting standards on children's issues and providing a valuable set of guidelines for future action. The Convention has particular implications for teachers and their practice. This article seeks to identify key issues in children's rights for teachers, examining them in the context of countries in both the North and South, and to explore how the Convention might be used as an instrument for policy development in teacher education.


The invention discloses a mobile terminal with an image scaling unlocking system. The mobile terminal is provided with a multipoint touch screen and the image scaling unlocking system, wherein the image scaling unlocking system comprises a system setting module, a detection module, an information processing module and an action execution module; the system setting module sets an unlocked image, an unlocking region, the unlocking mode and the scaling factor; the detection module detects the original image areas of the user before and after the unlocking region executes the image scaling action and the final image area of the user; the information processing module calculates the area information, compares the calculating result with the scaling factor and carries out judgment to obtain a first judging result or a second judging result according to the unlocking method set by the system setting module; the action execution module executes the unlocking action according to the first judging result; and the action execution module executes the action of directly returning to the screen lock state according to the second judging result. The invention also discloses an image scaling unlocking method. The mobile terminal and the method have the advantages of simpleness in operation and convenience in use.


Rivers in the Qinghai Lake watershed have been environmentally degraded seriously over the past several decades due to a combined effect of climate change and human activities.In order to provide reference for optimal allocation of water resources,it is critical to evaluate the environmental flow requirements(EFRs) of rivers in this watershed.On the basis of the improvement of the monthly guaranteed frequency method,the authors not only considered the difference of EFRs for different guaranteed frequency years,but also distinguished different recommended grades of EFRs.Monthly river discharges of the Buha River and Shaliu River,two largest rivers in the study watershed,during the period 1958-2007 were used to quantify the EFRs.Subsequently,the EFRs of the two rivers were examined based on the improved monthly guaranteed frequency method(IMGFM).Results indicate that the mean annual discharge of the Buha River and Shaliu River varied significantly during the past fifty years,without showing an obvious increasing or decreasing trend.Variation in the summer discharge was most significant for the four seasons.The annual distribution of the river discharge exhibited a single peak curve with the maximum peak in July or August,and the cumulative discharge of the Buha River and Shaliu River from May to October accounted for roughly 93.55% and 83.93% of the total annual discharge,respectively.In general,the EFRs of the rivers increased consistently,corresponding to decreasing guaranteed frequency.The higher EFRs grade,the greater magnitude of the increase in EFRs.For the recommended grade of "perfect",the EFRs of the Buha River at normal year(P = 50%) was 152.76% larger than that at dry year(P = 90%),whereas the percentage was only 27.91% for the recommended grade of "minimum".Corresponding differences for the Shaliu River were found to be 91.84% and 17.65%,respectively.Moreover,monthly EFRs for different guaranteed frequency years varied significantly,which was jointly affected by month discharge,mean annual discharge,and mean monthly discharge.Comparison between the IMGFM and other methods show that the improvement of the previous monthly guaranteed frequency method seems to be appreciable.The medium EFRs of the Buha River and Shaliu River were estimated to be 218×106 m3 and 136×106 m3 at normal year,whereas 116×106 m3 and 70×106 m3 at dry year,respectively.In summary,quantifying EFRs of rivers can allow reasonable allocation of water resources,and the IMGFM provides a potential way for accurate evaluation of EFRs.


This paper considers the effect of perturbations of a nominal single-input/single-output linear plant, or a band of uncertainty, on the solution to certain frequency domain optimal control problems. Weighted $H^\infty $ sensitivity minimization, mixed, and robust sensitivity minimization will be considered along with problems of more general type. A brief discussion of $H^p $ optimal control problems will also be given. Typical examples will be presented where optimal sensitivity does not depend continuously on the plant (ill-posedness) and conditions for well-posedness will be given. It is demonstrated that similar discontinuities can occur for more general problems. Also suggested are ways of defining an optimization problem so that continuous dependence of the infimum is ensured.


This paper discusses the development of continuous SiC fiber-reinforced HfB2-SiC composite laminates. A range of techniques, based on resin-based precursors and slurries, for infiltrating porous SiC preforms with HfB2 powder were developed. While resin-based precursors proved to be ineffective due to low HfB2 yield and poor adhesion, the slurry infiltration techniques were effective to varying degrees. The greatest pore filling and composite densities were achieved using pressure and vibration-assisted pressure infiltration techniques. SiCf/HfB2-SiC laminates were subsequently developed via lamination, cure and pyrolysis of fabrics using a HfB2-loaded polymeric SiC precursor, followed by HfB2 slurry infiltration and preceramic polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP). Repeated PIP processing, for 6–10 cycles, resulted in density increases, from the 3.03–3.22 g/cm3 range after HfB2 slurry infiltration, to 3.97–4.03 g/cm3 after PIP processing. Correspondingly, there was a decrease in open porosity from approximately 52% to less than 11%. The matrix consisted of discreet, lightly sintered HfB2 particles dispersed in SiC. The PIP SiC matrix was primarily nanocrystalline after 1300°C pyrolysis, but experienced grain growth with further heat treatment at 1600°C.


An easy-to-use DTR model combined with a patched-wall model is proposed to predict the path loss for out-of-sight propagation on a single floor through interior walls. The model demonstrates an accurate prediction, and iserified by comparison of the predicted path loss with the measured one of 2.44-GHz radio propagation at four different sites. Q 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 14, 56)59, 1997.


The structure and morphology of solution grown nylon 46 crystals have been determined and compared with those of other polyamides. They have similar lath-shaped crystallization products, possessing the characteristics of chain-folded lamellar crystals with a thicknesses of -6 nm, and often aggregate to form sheaves. Electron diffraction pattems show that the chains lie perpendicular to the lamellar surfaces and that crystal twinning occurs. Surface decoration techniques reveal for the first time in a nylon that the fold plane corresponds to the plane of the hydrogen bonds, themselves lying along the long axis of the crystal in agreement with the electron diffraction results. Sedimented mats of the crystals were examined using both wide- and low-angle X-ray diffraction in directions perpendicular to the lamellar normals. The lamellar thickness remains constant up to 125 OC and then increases with crystallization temperature T,. Analyses of the X-ray diffraction pattems confirms without doubt that the chain stems in nylon 46 chain-folded crystals are parallel to the lamellar normal in contrast to previous results from other polyamides, e.g. nylon 66, 6.10, and 6.12 where the chain stems are inclined at substantial angles to the lamellar normal. The consequences of these findings demand an entirely new mechanism for folding in nylons, where an amide group is incorporated in the fold, rather than alkane segments as in previous chain-folded nylons. The fold exhibits similarity with the @-bend in proteins. The lamellar thickness is sufficient to accommodate four structural repeats of the chain. The crystallographic subcell is monoclinic, with parameters a = 0.96, b = 0.826, and c (chain axis) = 1.47 nm and y = 115O, and contains four chain segments (two sheet segments), which bears similarity with the unit cell of nylon 6.


Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of cervus and cucumis polypeptide injection in treating fracture of extremities. Methods MEDLINE ( 1950 to 2010 ) , EMBASE (1974 to 2010 ) , the Cochrane Library (Issue4,2010) CBM(1978 to March 2010) ,Wanfang database(1982 to March 2010) ,and CNKI(1979 to 2010) were searched. Some related journals were searched by manul operation as well. The search had no language limit and the deadline was March 2010. The subjects were the patients with fraction of extremities. The quality of included randomized controlled trials was evaluated and meta-analysis was conducted by the Cochrane collaboration' s software Revman 4. 2. 2. Results Eight studies involving 1437 patients (792Males,645Females) were included. It was revealed that the cervus and cucumis polypeptide injection had a positive effect in treating fracture of extremities ( OR = 3. 29,95% CI 1. 25 to 8. 67,P = 0. 02 0. 05). However,there was rare studies in demonstrating the certain type of fracture and the sample was rare, so the clinical effect of certain type of fracture cannot be analyzed. The reports on the side effect were found in 3 studies;The side effects were not found in other 5 studies, and no drop-out was recorded. Conclusion The preliminary studies has shown the positive clinical effect of cervus and cucumis polypeptide injection in treating fracture of extremities,the drug has low side-effect rate and high safety in using,but further study is needed.


During the last few years we have witnessed in Europe the development of a new generation of wind turbines ranging from 1000-1500 kW size. They are presently being tested and they are scheduled to reach the market in late 1996 early 1997. The European Commission has played a key role by funding the research leading to the development of these turbines. The most visible initiative at present is the WEGA program - the development, together with Europe`s leading wind industry players of a new generation of turbines in the MW range. By the year 1997 different European manufacturers will have introduced almost a dozen new MW machine types to the international market, half of them rated at 1.5 MW. 3 refs., 3 tabs.


Botanical illustration - coloured - Delosperma macellum N.E.Br. Bolus Herbarium 17601. Drawn from a collection made by Dr. Moss, Johannesburg.


Based on the analysis of children users of mobile application software behavior and psychological demands,with examples of these products design on user experience,it presented this special group of children in mobile applications experience in the needs and implementation strategies.It reduced the learning curve and funny aspects to enhance the experience,took advantage of the known experience in children lives to build entirely new and unknown experience in software,increased in positive interaction and effectiveness need attention to the many design elements,as well as differences in the stage of all ages to bring the impact of design.It also mentioned how the use of modeling experience design and interaction design meet with users(children) and the purchaser(parents) of both demand.