For GALILEO-based train-borne positioning systems, the digital map is a very essential and important element since it enables relating the measured sensor data to the geometry and topology of the track. This contribution points out the relevance of the digital map within a map-matching process, which is necessary for all GALILEO-based train positioning systems. It also focuses on the generation of a digital map and on the functional requirements a map has to fulfill e.g. for safety-critical applications. Finally, an idea is presented how the accuracy and availability of the result of the train-borne positioning system can be significantly improved by extending the map by environmental-specific attributes and using this information for the evaluation of the sensor data in the data fusion process.


Much of the work involved in making United States law is performed by Congressional committees and subcommittees before bills reach the floors of the Senate and House of Representatives. Committee memberships can be viewed as a social network, and the relationships between legislators appointed to common committees can be grouped into various hierarchical levels: individuals, subcommittees, standing and select committees, groups of committees, and the entire floor. Community detection methods from network theory have been successful not only at replicating this hierarchical organization but also at uncovering additional structural features of committee networks. One example, illustrated here for the 108th House 2003-2004 , is the strong overlap between certain committees, such as the Rules Committee and the Select Committee on Homeland Security shown, respectively, in yellow and maroon near the nine o'clock position of the left figure . To study the 108th House's community structure, we begin with a bipartite network in which the two types of nodes are Representatives and sub committees, with edges representing the assignment of a Representative to a sub committee. We then compute a one-mode projection onto the committees, with edges between committees indicating common Representatives depicted graphically on the upper right, with nodes colored by parent committee and edges shaded according to connection strength . Edges are weighted according to normalized interlock, the ratio of the number of common Representatives between two sub committees to that expected if sub committees of the same sizes had randomly assigned memberships. Different community-detection algorithms can be used to construct trees or "dendrograms" like that shown in the left figure again colored by parent committee . The dashed dividing ring indicates a partition with a high "modularity": the set of communities at this level of organization is depicted in the lower right figure, in which each community is a node divided in pie-chart fashion according to its committee composition . The weights of the edges indicated using line thickness and shading represent the connection strength between the different communities. Studies like these indicate that network theory can be of substantial use in uncovering collaborative structure in political bodies such as the U.S. Congress, without requiring input in the form of political opinions or judgments by the researcher.


Drones—also known as unmanned aerial vehicles—are lightweight, easy to use, and relatively inexpensive aircraft with a wide variety of applications. Drone popularity has recently exploded, with an estimated two million recreational drones sold in 2016 and analysts predicting that sales will increase to 4.3 million units sold annually by 2020. 1 With this increased popularity comes increased concerns about how they will be used and who will fly them. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and state legislatures have created drone-specific legislation and rules governing drone use. However, these rules and regulations are more concerned with regulating drones with in relation to public lands and public safety rather than protecting privacy. To protect an individual's privacy and make them feel secure in their home, new privacy legislation must be created to protect against drones' unique technical and physical capabilities. This new legislation may be created by each state or by the FAA, with different approaches having their own benefits and drawbacks.


Impedance Cardiography is a cost-effective, non-invasive technique particularly useful in measuring cardiac functions. It evaluates systolic time intervals and stroke volume measuring thorax bioimpedance. In this paper, adopting the time-frequency analysis method, a new design has been developed to study the first derivative of impedance cardiography signal. The application of parallel wavelet filter banks has been investigated and a new method for ICG signal characteristic point detection has been developed. Test results show the improvement of the method in sensitivity and the feasibility of an easy implementation by design tools. Moreover, the algorithm noise immunity has been investigated.


Techno-economic analyses of energy storage currently use constant-efficiency energy flow models. In practice, charge/discharge efficiency of energy storage varies as a function of state-of-charge, temperature, charge/discharge power. Therefore, using the constant-efficiency energy flow models will cause suboptimal results. This work focuses on incorporating nonlinear energy flow models based on nonlinear efficiency models in the revenue maximization problem of energy storage. Dynamic programming is used to solve the optimization problem. A case studies is conducted to maximize the revenue of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) system in PJM's energy and frequency regulation market.


This article aims to design and develop a Problem Based Learning (PBL) Mobile Application for teaching and learning in Islamic Education at the Polytechnic Brunei Darussalam. The development methodology-based application that divides the ADDIE model of instructional development activities into five phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. Each phase is explained in detail to bring out what action is taken on each phase. ADDIE model has listed guidelines that should be implemented detailed and systematically which involves analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The priority aspects such as the content, learning theory and learning strategies are taken into account in analysing and designing. The researchers applied the behaviorism and constructivist theory as the learning theory. While PBL strategies are embedded in the application throughout the designing and development phase. Development process of an effective mobile application is not easy or takes shorter time but, it requires detailed and systematic planning. A model conceptual framework is constructed to help researchers to make the action more regular. At the end of the study, the authors present each element of the conceptual framework for the design and development a mobile application in teaching and learning in Islamic Education.


Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network mainly involves Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication. This communication accelerates in reducing number of accidents, avoiding traffic congestion, enhancing the transport facility with the aid of infotainment and entertainment application. One of the major challenges of VANET application is in routing the packet in efficient manner since the network topology is dynamic. In this paper, we proposed a solution that improves the efficiency of Distance Based Routing protocol by using a priority of messages. This paper presents a Distance and Priority based Routing Protocol in Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET).We focus mainly on a emergency message routing in vanet. The proposed protocol, is evaluated using simulation software NS-2. The performance parameters include average delay, percentage of message reception. The results show that this protocol achieves both message prioritization and maximum delivery of messages in fully dynamic environment.


Background: Dyslipidemia is an important factor in causation of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetics. Type 2 diabetes is associated with a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the role of lipid-lowering therapy with statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes is inadequately defined. Aim of the Study: The study was planned to compare the effect of atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, in reaching target levels of various lipids as suggested by ADA (2001). Material and methods: 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were carried out in this study. The criteria for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were based on those laid down by ADA (2001), Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with a serum level of LDL-c >100 mg/dl and/or HDL-c <45 mg/dl and/or TG >200 mg/dl were recruited for this study. Patients (n=100) were given atorvastatin in an initial dose of 10 mg per day. After 6 and 12 weeks of atorvastatin therapy, the lipid profile levels were tested. Total cholesterol, TG and HDL-c levels were measured enzymatically. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values were calculated using the Friedewald equation. Results: After 12 weeks of atorvastatin therapy, Glycosylated Hb decreased from a mean of 9.1 % to 8.7% Similarly, fasting plasma glucose decreased from 155.6 to 148 mg/dl and significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol (31%), LDL-c (40.7%) and TG (27.3%), and increased the levels of HDL-c (-23.1%). Conclusion: In our study, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus did not achieve the target levels of various lipids in diabetic dyslipidemia as per the American Diabetes Association guidelines. Thus, atorvastatin is an effective lipid-lowering drug in achieving the goal for lipids, especially LDL-c.


Based on energy principle,an improved energy method was proposed to calculate the limit load-carrying capacity of concrete slabs,and tensile membrane action was considered.Many parameters,which have important influence on the tensile membrane action,were discussed using this new method.It is indicated that orthogonal coefficient and aspect ratio have significant influence on the tensile membrane action,but the influence of concrete and steel strength is small.


Patient information is embedded inside the medical images for the storage or transmission, or healthcare applications. In medical image processing, various types of noises corrupt the image quality. There is a need of measure specific noise for a particular image is required for the evaluation of robustness for embedding techniques used for hiding patient information in medical images. It is very important to obtain precise images to facilitate accurate analysis and estimation of noise in embedded medical image. The current work is focused towards studying the effect of specific noise which affect particular medical image. The strength of the medical image is tested by introducing several attacks to the embedded medical images. The statistical quantity measures like peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) are employed to measure the quality of the output medical image.


Objective To investigate the effects of extracellular signal regulated kinase(ERK) signaling pathway on cell cycle of airway smooth muscle cells(ASMCs) in asthmatic rats.Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control group and an asthma group(15 rats in each group).Asthma model was established by ovalbumim sensitization and challenge.ASMC were isolated and cultured in vitro.The ASMCs from the asthmatic rats were treated with ERK activator epidermal growth factor (EGF) and inhibitor PD98059,respectively.The expressions of cyclin D1 and CDK2 in ASMCs were detected by immunocytochemical staining.The expressions of ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 protein were observed by western blotting for measurement of ERK activation rate.Results Compared with the control group[54.17±6.11,61.04±4.09,(49.91±3.26)%,respectively],the expressions of cyclin D1 protein and CDK2 protein,and the rate of ERK activation of ASMCs from the asthmatic rats significantly increased[76.15±4.88,92.30±7.95,(82.37±5.78)%,respectively] (P0.05).Furthermore,compared with those before treatment,the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK2,and the rate of ERK activation of ASMCs significantly decreased after treatment with PD98059 [58.78±4.60,69.15±5.83,(54.01±4.12)%,respectively](P0.05),and significantly increased after treatment with EGF[119.28±8.14,134.77±9.26,(91.57±5.32)%,respectively](P0.05).Conclusion ERK1/2 participates in proliferation regulation of ASMCs in asthma by enhancing the expressions of cyclin D1 and CDK2,which promotes quiescent cells into S phase.


side and bottom parameters were set to be large to simulate infinite boundaries. The inverted resistivity sections show that the landslide body has different degrees of an altered material and a high degree of saturation. The sliding surface is at a depth of about 10 m, with 2.5 m of soil material overlying 7.5 m of landslide material. The landslide body has different degrees of an altered material and a high degree of saturation, and the sliding surface is at a depth of about 10 m. The relatively high resistivity values at the bottom of the sliding surface correspond to the marl layer.


People adopt many definitions for extremes. One such definition is that extremes are simply the upper tail data. In this paper we briefly review the types of upper tail data, the limiting distribution of extreme values, the analysis and the model diagnostics. We also provide a simple example of fitting generalized extreme values (GEV) for climate extremes


A wheeled inverted pendulum cannot balance without control, and it is important to save motion in a control range. In some situations, however, to avoid a collision, the maximum acceleration and deceleration must be applied. A motion-planning method for a wheeled inverted pendulum ("body" hereafter)-which uses full performance from all attitudes under hardware constraints-was developed. The developed method involves two steps. First, a linear combination of zeroth to fourth differentials of parameters based on the motion equation of a wheeled inverted pendulum is obtained. Second, the arbitrary attitude of the wheeled inverted pendulum and hardware constraints are expressed on a phase plane containing angular rate of body motion and an angular inclination of the body. By executing these two steps, a motion plan can be expressed on the phase plane. A simulation based on a model confirmed that the movement plan formulated by this technique can be followed with no error.


An increasing number of large humanities data sets are becoming available, and new tools and methods are required to analyze them. There is a risk that statisticians and humanists will fail to recognize the historical contingency of such data, and make assumptions on the distribution. If appropriate methods do not appear, algorithmic analysis of large humanities datasets will only be able to be used in a heuristic sense, to augment current understanding and prompt new questions and angles of analysis but not to make strong empirical claims. This work develops Bayesian nonparametric models that allow researchers to ask longitudinal questions of large humanities data sets with confidence they have corrected for pre-existing bias derived from the received tradition. The methods are tested on the Old Bailey Online (OBO), which draws its data from the notorious Old Bailey court of London England. The Court's records span an unprecedented temporal landscape, from 1674 to 1913. The period witnessed significant legal and cultural change and is considered by historians to be a foundational period in the development of contemporary civil society. Coarse grain data regarding punishment and offence pairs are used to look for evidence of the so-called 'civilizing process', a crucial marker of change associating increases in bureaucratic control with a decrease in social disorder. The chosen model, selected using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) for model selection, suggests the underlying process governing the Old Bailey data changes every three years. By partitioning offences it is found that over time the distribution of punishments for each offence becomes less haphazard, offering strong evidence of the civilizing process. The methods used in this study are mathematically rigorous, based on open-source and widely available tools, and able to be used by a range of investigators. As such, this work contributes to the foundations being established for computational analysis of long-timescale historical trends using large humanities datasets.


Violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal social power relations between men and women that have led to discrimination and dom


HMIC is a microwave and mmW integrated circuit topology that can create three dimensional structures based upon an intimate marriage of silicon and glass at a wafer scale level which enable high performance, low loss, lower cost realizations of many of the classic hybrid MMIC's. In addition, the unique nature of the bonding together of these two dissimilar materials into common substrate allows the monolithic insertion of active elements in combination with low loss, high Q, lumped element passive components to produce microwave circuits that can be realized no other way or at as low a cost. This paper will illustrate the results of the development of an integrated I/Q modulator/demodulator MMIC for RFID reader applications using HMIC technology as an integration medium. The resultant RF performance improvements and advantages of the modulator and the overall effect on RFID wireless systems operation will be presented.


A research about the calabrian olive oil quality was performed. A part of this work concerned the residual insecticide in the oil. The organophosphorus compounds used in the Bactrocera oleae struggle were checked in 197 samples of oil collected in Calabria during the 1993-94 oil production time. All the sample collection was accompanied by an interview to know the type of extractive technology and the active chemical compound used in field. From the analytical results the following compounds were revealed by a flame photometric detector after a gaschromatographic separation : Diazinon, Dimetoate, Parathion methyl, Fenthion, Malathion, Ethion and an organophosphorus compound not yet identified with a retention time of 33.7 min (Figure 1 and 2). The samples collected were 197 homogeneously distributed in the Calabria region. Only the 11% of the oils analysed have showed insecticide residual, and in the 3% of the samples more of one compound were detected. The highest concentration was measured for Dimetoate (201 ppb), the lowest for the unidentified phosphorus compound (4 ppb). The organophosphorus compounds have showed the following ranges of concentration : Diazinon (5-20 ppb), Dimetoate (5-201 ppb), Parathion methyl (10 ppb, only one case), Fenthion (5-60 ppb), Malathion (24 ppb, only one case), Ethion (6-71 ppb), unidentified (4-22 ppb) (Table II). Samples collected in the Reggio Calabria district have not revealed organophosphorous pesticide residual in the oil probably due to the extraction technology.


An analysis of the effect of orientation on the heat transfer in a scaled model pin fin heat sink utilized in Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting has been carried out using numerical method. The present study involves natural convective heat transfer that takes place in particular heat sink. A pin fin type heat sink has been studied since they are widely used in LED lighting systems which in turn are facing a lot of thermal challenges when they are integrated with high power lighting system. The numerical study is carried out using ANSYS FLUENT software package. The modeling and meshing has been generated using ANSYS GAMBIT v.2.3.16 module which one later imported into ANSYS FLUENT v.6.3.26 module for analysis. In order to carry out a detailed analysis various parametric studies are conducted for different LED power wattages such as 10 W considering different orientations obtained by changing the angles from 0° to 45° has been carried out. From the results it can be concluded that the dissipation of heat in the heat sink is dependent on the orientation of the heat sink. The particular study will be useful to optimize the heat sink used in the LED lighting system. KeywordsLight Emitting Diode (LED), ANSYS Fluent and ANSYS GAMBIT software, Heat sink


Vegetative and reproductive growth pattern of mango tree cv. Langra and development of floral malformation were investigated under subtropical conditions. Vegetative flushes emerging during April were tagged for subsequent growth until August and then studied for three consecutive growth seasons. Growth of flushes occurred in alternate month's pattern. Regrowth frequency of April and April-based flushes decreased overtime. In the next flowering season, April and June flushes produced higher percentage of panicles while malformation intensity was recorded minimum (3.0%) in same flushes as compared to younger August flushes (12.9%). During subsequent growth season after flowering, April flushes contributed only 18.2% in the production of flushes while contribution of June flushes (31.1%) followed by May flushes (28.1%) with maximum. Out of total tagged April flushes, only 38.4% flushes could switch over to panicle production while rest of the 61.6% flushes did not bloom. So, it may be concluded that gradual decline in re-flushing capacity of April and June flushes during current year not only ensure their maximum contribution in next year's flowering but also cause less floral malformation while late emerging flushes contribute less towards next year's flowering and produce more floral malformation.


The achievement of a new industrial leadership in the world arena is directly related to the development and sustainable competitiveness of modern innovation oriented organizations. Practice shows that companies capable of maximally using the initiative of ordinary workers, their professional competence and independence, turn the routine, monotonous, performing work into instrumental-experimental, innovative activity of creative professionals achieve the greatest success. At the same time, the formation of management approaches that allow combining personnel initiative with its target-focused application in the organization is still an unsolved problem for many innovation oriented companies. This study analyzes the impact of the organizational culture on the personality mechanisms of employee proactivity that facilitate their self-fulfillment through participation in initiative activity. The empirical study has been conducted in the Russian companies on the basis of the model of employee proactivity potential, including self-leadership, self-directed learning, and engagement, describing the behavioral dominants of initiative employees. As a result of the study, it has been established that employees with different dominants of proactive behavior have different perceptions of significance of norms, rules and values concentrated in the company culture, which does not depend on the age or size of the company, but can be related to certain cultural traits caused by priority areas in the activity of the companies included in the study. It has been established that initiative increase in the employees with "self-leadership" dominant is facilitated by teamwork-focused value attitude; with "selfdirected learning" dominant – by significance and encouragement of the employee's self-development drive; with "engagement" dominant – by affinity and interrelatedness between life goals and interests of the employee and those of the company. The obtained results demonstrate that unfolding of the intrinsic energy of employees in the purposes of organizational development is facilitated by shaping a culture on the basis of value attitudes that take into account the dominants of initiative behavior. This finding contributes to the understanding of the role of organizational culture in a modern innovation oriented company. Keywords—organizational culture, employee proactive behavior, employee proactivity potential, self-leadership, selfdirected learning, employee engagement, innovation oriented companies


Summary Ligation of the femoral artery (Series I), the common iliac artery and vein (Series II) or the femoral, popliteal and saphenous arteries and veins (Series III) in albino rats resulted in only slight alteration in the sodium, potassium and water content of the gastrocnemius and anterior tibial muscles 4 days after occlusion. Muscle glycogen was reduced in 2 out of 4 animals in Series I. Edema occurred in 1 animal in Series III, but the extra sodium found in the muscle could be accounted for by the increase in extracellular fluid. No gangrene or permanent functional changes were observed.


First, it does the work of the traditional Lapse constraint (cf. Selkirk 1984) preventing a metrical foot from becoming too large and hence imposes an upper bound of binarity. Second, it prevents feet from drifting too far apart--at most one unparsed syllable can intervene (a constraint similar to this effect was independently discovered by Kager 1994); finally, another effect of Lapse unique to our formulation is that it prevents a foot from moving too far from the edge of the word: s('ss)s# satisfies the constraint but ('ss)ss# violates it with two successive unparsed syllables. Stated differently, the Lapse constraint ensures that stress is located in a three-syllable window at the edge of the word. In the rest of this paper we show how Lapse elucidates some of the classic data sets in the metrical stress literature including three-syllable window effects from Piraha and Turkish toponyms, minimal binarity in Maranungku, Banawa, and Passamaquody, and ternary stressing in Chugach Alutiiq, Estonian, and Cayuvava.


MANET is one of self configuring fastest emerging wireless technology. MANET is multi-hop wireless network of autonomous mobile nodes with no preset infrastructure where each node can move in any direction as well play a role of router. Dynamic nature of this network makes routing protocols to play a prominent role in setting up efficient route among pair of nodes. Therefore many proactive, reactive & hybrid routing protocols have been proposed, among which one of well known is AODV due to its high performance gain. Cooperative nature of nodes exposes MANET to various kinds of passive & active attacks. Sinkhole is one of severe kind of attack which attempts to attract most of network traffic towards it & degrade the performance of network. this paper, shows performance metrics as throughput, PDR, End to end delay & Packet loss. Simulation is carried out using widely used simulator NS2. Keyword: NS2, MANET, Vulnerability, Active, Passive, Sinkhole.


Abstract. The goal of this research aims to describe mathematics test on the new students' environment of senior high and vocational schools in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 academic year in Jember. The descriptions are about cognitive level of revised of Bloom's taxonomy and characteristic of questions. The cognitif level was determined based on the indicators made by the researcher. Validity, reliability, difficulty index, and discriminatory power of the questions were calculated based on the result of the test. Cognitive level, validity, and discriminatory power of the questions in 2012/2013 academic year are bad but its reliability and difficulty index are good. Cognitive level, validity, difficulty index and discriminatory power of the questions in 2013/2014 academic year are bad but its reliability is good.

Key words: new students' environment, revised of Bloom's taxonomy, characteristic of questions


Your editor just returned from attending a quite remarkable Ozone World Congress in Strasbourg, France. Approximately 320 delegates from more than 40 countries attended this conference. A wide range of topics was covered in 224 oral and poster presentations, including special workshops. Topics ranged from basic concepts of ozone generation to agricultural applications of ozone. Papers were presented by university students completing their doctorate degrees as well as seasoned ozone veterans. A highlight of the conference was the keynote address delivered by Prof. Dr. Jürg Hoigné ''Transformation of Aqueous Ozone into OH Radicals: Reminisces and Updates of a Reaction Model.'' Professor Hoigné traced the discovery of ozone by Shönbein, the first use of ozone in drinking water in a plant constructed in 1893 in Oudshoorn, The Netherlands, the first IOA Conference in Washington, and the introduction of OH radical technology. Reaction models using OH radicals have been shown to be helpful for planning appropriate experiments and to generalize experimental results on the ozonation of drinking waters, wastewaters, swimming pools, or even to predict the role of ozone in cloud droplets. Professor Hoigné has served as OS&E Editorial Board member since its inception, was a contributor to the first issue of OS&E and attended the first IOA Conference in Washington. He introduced the OH radical concept to the IOA and has authored many articles explaining the reaction mechanisms. The IOA was very fortunate to have Prof. Hoigné attend this conference and share his experiences. Another highlight of the conference was the presentation of the Harvey Rosen Award. Prof. Daniel Smith accepted the award on behalf of all his colleagues for the award-winning paper ''Efficient Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum in a Static Mixer Ozone Contactor. For more information on the World Congress, see the October 2005 issue of Ozone News. Barry L. Loeb Editor-in-Chief


The past 10 years have seen an explosion in the use of high speed marine craft. This explosion has been in most sectors of operation, leisure, passenger carrying and military, and is now poised to expand into the cargo carrying sector. The sizes of the new generation of fast craft can range from small 60 knot, 7 metre leisure craft up to fast ferries which are 140 metres long with speeds of 40 knots. Future developments encompass 40 knot large cargo ships, 100 knot passenger and cargo vessels and very high speed military craft. Added to this galaxy of high speed concepts is the 200 knot wing-in-ground (WIG) craft, which, because it flies close to the sea surface, will interact with other marine traffic.


According to the experiences and the field investigation,the author thinks that there are a number of creative achievements in laboratories of higher education.The process of transfering the achivements into the social wealth is the importeant stage of creative talent cultivation.The paper analyses some succesful examples,and states the importance of creative achievements transfering and the necessary condition for the success of transfering.


Rapid changes are taking place at present, be it in social, technological, economic and political contexts.To meet these changes, firms need to be equipped with high quality knowledge and skills in order to be able to create opportunities, as well as innovate and sustain their businesses.On top of that, firms also have to constantly improve and manage their knowledge and skills, which are
directly related to managing intellectual capital. This is because firms that obviously emphasized on intellectual capital development tend to be a step ahead and almost always possess state-of-the-art technology, which lead to greater innovation.Moreover, scholars also agreed that a firm's competitive advantage largely depends on its intellectual capital, or on its known ability to manage and utilize knowledge.Therefore, the recognition of intellectual capital has laid the groundwork to explore new
practices of management.This paper will discuss on managing intellectual capital and its relationship with firm performance.


ii Acknowledgement iii Design and Implementation of a Multi-Strategy, Collegewide Program of Evaluation and Planning: The Mercy College Self-Study Project 1 Bibliography 27 Appendix 1 National Center for Higher Education Management Systems/The College Board Entering Student Questionnaire, Recent-Alumni Questionnaire 28 Appendix 2 Peter Ewell Information on Student Outcomes -Comparison of Data Gathering Instruments 38 Appendix 3 Ten Year Longitudinal (Panel) Study Interview Schedule Year One 41 Appendix 4 Sidney S. Micek "Departmental Strategic Planning Guidelines" "Taking Charge of Change in Academic Departments Through the Use of Strategic Planning" 56 Appendix 5 Sample Cover Letters and Department Specific Questions . . 88 Appendix 6 Student (Course) Evaluation Questionnaire Teaching Observation Report 110


LBL-11526 Presented at the International Congress of Building Energy Management, Povoa de Varzim, Portugal, May 12-16, 1980 APPLICATION OF DOE-2 TO RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE STANDARDS M. Lokmanhekim, D. B. Goldstein, M. D. Levine, and A. H. Rosenfeld October 1980 rwo-WEE lOAN coPY Circulating Copy This is a ubrary d f two weeks. be borrowe or . n copy call which may al retentiO For a person . . Tech. Info. Division, Ext Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-48


Observations from a thermal ion probe on board a Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellite have been used to study the longitudinal distribution of equatorial spread F occurrence in the topside ionosphere. The data were taken in the postsunrise local time sector during the September 1977 magnetic storm. In agreement with previous studies of the longitudinal variability of evening sector spread F, a higher frequency of occurrence was found in the American than in the Asian sector. No example of spread F was observed in the Atlantic-African sector. The results were interpreted using a quasi-three-dimensional model of the collisional Rayleigh-Taylor instability. It is shown that for the same initial ionospheric conditions and the same initial depletion at the magnetic equator, large plasma bubbles are more apt to reach the topside at longitudes of the American sector than at longitudes of the Asian sector.


The general consensus is that a curious mind is essential for learning, or at the very least facilitates learning. Assessment of curiosity, however, is challenging. We developed a practical, objective, behavioural measure for the assessment of epistemic curiosity for middle childhood, the Connect-the-Dots (CTD) task. The operationalization centres around the concept of an information gap: The experience of missing information may urge to search for information to close this gap and it is assumed that children differ in the strength of the urge to do so. The CTD task was administered to children (6-12 years; N = 328), and was administered again after about 11 weeks (N = 220). Internal consistency was good to excellent, test-retest reliability ranged from poor to sufficient. Correlations with teacher ratings of curiosity, and indicators of knowledge acquisition were positive and significant, indicating convergent validity. Directions for future studies with the CTD task are proposed.


This volume, resulting from a 2011 Berlin conference, presents twelve papers on ancient technical-scientific writing that converge around a single question: 'to what extent does the principle of practical applicability determine the specific nature of [a] text?' (p. 2). The authors thus open up the issue of the applicability of expertise to textual analysis, drawing diverse answers to that question from an array of texts on subjects ranging from architecture to zoology. The volume is thus defined by the diversity of its contributions – their subject, focus, theme and conclusions – and in them readers with diverse interests in technical-scientific writing will find plenty that will engage them. The volume opens with two introductions by the editors. In the first, v.d.E. briefly surveys the volume and some of its core topics: distinctions between theory and practice; definitions of practical art; oral versus written instruction; the Sitz im Leben of text. In the second, F. offers a critical review of recent work on ancient technical-scientific writing, which will orient new readers to key issues and provoke debate among those already familiar with them. F. wants to advance scholarship beyond questions isolating rhetoric and form, which implicitly assume problematic distinctions between the 'literary' and 'nonliterary', proposing instead a Bakhtin-inspired hermeneutic that pursues a 'poetics of knowledge' pervading texts by virtue of their very textuality. F. does not fully develop the agenda here, but focusing on this volume's concerns, he proposes that aspects of text that point to applicability should be understood as a mere 'gesture towards the extratextual reality' (p. 19). The apparent bridge between text and technical practice is thus a device that redirects the text back onto itself or facilitates unexpected, non-technical applications; F. develops these claims through two examples, analysing Diderot and D'Alembert's Encyclopédie and Onasander's Stratêgikos. I will return to F.'s discussion at the end of this review. Most of the contributions are aligned with F.'s goals, at least broadly. The papers are arranged by 'subject matter' (p. 7), but since almost every one of them covers a different subject, this arrangement does not readily facilitate synthesis. Below I regroup them according to four themes (not mutually exclusive) to suggest how papers on distinct subjects might profitably be read in conversation with one another. I begin with one, however, that is an effective primer for the whole volume: surveying writings on mechanics, M. Asper draws out four 'acts' that such texts purportedly enable readers to do: (1) actually build machines; (2) have comprehensive, systematic knowledge of construction; (3) decide which machines to build; and (4) explain scientifically how and why machines work. While Asper does not offer final conclusions, he raises fundamental questions about what constitutes applicability and thus provides a helpful, methodological complement to the papers that follow. Every paper discusses the formal features of texts, but several, echoing part 1 of Asper's discussion, are united in targeting those features that seemingly promote the use of texts and their contents. E. Romano analyses Vitruvius' De architectura and finds evidence for practical instruction in the preponderance of building terminology and specific advice, though this is complicated by Vitruvius' shifting addressee. She concludes that Vitruvius blends theory and practice, promoting architecture as an 'art of the possible' (p. 66), in THE CLASSICAL REVIEW 562


In order to achieve the timely and effective effect on emergency rescue and do work cooperate of different department, this paper proposed that we can cite flow management to traditional emergency rescue system. Therefore, firstly introduces the design of architecture and function module of the Emergency and Rescue Management System, then design the emergency rescue management system, achieve its function based on.NET and put forward its practical application value and significance.


By a catalytic oxidation-reactive distillation process,the treatment technology of refinery wastewater catalyzed by supported catalysts which are prepared by the impregnation method is studied.The life period and stability of the catalysts are also studied.The results show that the catalyst,CuO/γ-Al2O3 has better catalytic effect and can be used well continuously,about 96.2% COD removal rate can be achieved by the catalytic oxidation-reactive distillation.


This research was aimed to know the influences of dividend policy, intellectual capital, sales growth and capital structure on stock prices. The population in this study were all mining companies listed on the Indo-nesia Stock Exchange in 2015 – 2019. The number of research samples obtained was 38 companies with purposive sampling technique and the number of observations of research data obtained was 190. This study used the multiple linear regression method with a fixed effects approach model. The results show that dividend policy has no influence on stock prices, intellectual capital has no influence on stock prices, sales growth has no influence on stock prices, and capital structure has a negative and significant effect on stock prices. The results of this study can provide insight to the companies, so that it can more effectively manage its capital structure.


The present study was conducted to assess the effect of non-genetic factors on relative growth rate of Sonadi sheep of different age groups. In this study data on 1396 Sonadi sheep maintained over the period of 2012-2019 under the Mega Sheep Seed Project, College of Veterinary and animal Science, Navania, Vallabhnagar, Rajasthan were analysed to assess the effect of non-genetic factors (year of birth, season of birth, sex, type of lamb) on relative growth rate viz. 0-3, 3-6, 6-9 and 9-12 months age groups. The overall least-squares mean along with standard error for RGR1 (0-3M), RGR2 (3-6M), RGR3 (6-9M) and RGR4 (9-12M) were 1.32±0.03, 0.42±0.02, 0.226±0.19 and 0.277±0.02 Percent per day, respectively. Year of birth had highly significant (P≤0.01) for RGR1, RGR2 and RGR4 group while significant (P≤0.05) effect on RGR3 group. Effect of season of birth on relative growth rate was also highly significant (P≤0.01) for RGR1 and RGR2 group while significant for RGR3 and RGR4 groups. Sex of lamb showed significant (P≤0.05) effect on RGR1 and RGR2 while non-significant on rest of the groups (RGR3, RGR4) whereas effect of type of birth on relative growth rate was found to be non-significant on all groups. The assessment of non-genetic factors plays an important role to formulate effective breeding programme for improvement of growth performance.


In the battle between body and mind, my heart has always been with the mind. Perhaps, both less and more accurately, my heart has been with the heart. Even though I follow with fascination developments in neurobiology and prescribe from the ever increasing array of effective and agreeable modern psychoactive medications, my pull and passion as a psychiatrist has always been toward the trenches of talk. Therefore, after being diagnosed and treated for thyroid disease, the contrast between my unsuspecting pretreatment phase and the post-treatment euthyroid state that followed came as a startling surprise. Over the past few years my growing sense of threat in reaction to the government's attacks on medicine, and on psychiatry in particular, has made perfect sense to me. This meant I felt that my odd outburst could be blamed with impunity on the heavy-handed ways of Mike Harris and his Tories. However, I learned that my family's pleasure in sharing my company while driving in traffic or being baffled by the computer was ever diminishing. This past summer an idea seemed to hatch in my wife's mind. Based on her conclusion that I was "crazier than usual," I found a copy of Your Thyroid on my night table. As fall unfolded my alarm mounted in response to a government power grab involving my wife's teaching profession. My word processor was now churning out letters on the need to protect public education, just as it had done earlier in defence of medicine and psychiatry. I flailed away furiously with words in an attempt to beat back this most recent assault. I continued to view my reactions as further combustion in an already burning but explicable fire. For some time, nonetheless, I had toyed with the idea of getting my TSH done but had considered such a move self-indulgent — I would be giving in to neurotic hypochondriacal impulses. My wife's concern, however, validated my own concerns about the possibility of thyroid disease. With her encouragement I slipped into the lab at my medical building and had my TSH levels checked. The following day I learned I was not producing any. Within hours, and through the determined help of my physicians, arrangements were made for a radioactive scan. I spend most of my working day in the relative calm of a quiet office in which an answering machine is the most complex piece of technology. My primary diagnostic and treatment tools are the same — the art of conversation. The following day it was, therefore, an odd experience to be thrust into the bustle of a large and busy nuclear medicine department. After posing for the usual photo ops, I was invited into an adjoining office by an accommodating and empathic physician and allowed to view myself, at least part of myself, on a computer monitor. The object of this modern technical wizardry was my thyroid, which appeared dotted and impregnated with bright primary colours. "It looks like you have Graves' disease," she informed me, adding: "At least you're going to feel better." 15500 April 7/98 CMAJ /Page 908


(OCs) Oral contraceptives have been associated with various changes in the cardiovascular system. This report describes the relationship of pulse rate to OC use. A Godart blood pressure and pulse rate machine was used to measure the pulse rate of 13700 women who had at least 1 (AML) Automated Multitest Laboratory examination between January 1970 and June 1972. Women who were pregnant or who were taking estrogenic hormones other than OCs were excluded from this study. The monthly means of pulse rate measurements were adjusted so as to equal the grand mean for the entire period. Never users and post users of OCs showed no significant difference in pulse rate and were combined into a nonuser group. Users showed a higher mean pulse rate than did nonusers at all age levels. Adjusting for height weight and blood pressure the net difference in pulse rate between OC users and nonusers was found to be 0.40/minute. A 2nd analysis was done examining changes in pulse rate for women who changed OC status from nonuser to user and vice versa. For women starting and stopping OC use changes in pulse rate were +0.46 and -1.50/minute respectively. The degree of change in pulse rate found in this study is comparable to the difference in heart rate found in another study in which human subjects were injected with estrogen. This suggests that the effect of OCs on pulse rate is due to the estrogenic component. It should be noted that the difference in systolic blood pressure associated with OC use seemed to account for much of the change in pulse rate. Since the level of resting heart rate may be a risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease and since millions of women are exposed to OCs and other synthetic estrogen compounds the finding of a significant though small increase in pulse rate among OC users in an important one. (Authors modified)


Abstract The recent work reported by Elvehjem and Hart1 demonstrating that day-old chicks, when placed on a restricted diet, invariably develop anemia, has introduced the question of the possible presence of anemia in chicks raised under practical conditions. A diet consisting of whole cow's milk and alcohol extracted rice supplemented with lime and salt produced anemia in chicks in a period of 12 to 15 days when the chicks were kept in pens equipped with wire screen bottoms. The anemia produced on such a diet was readily relieved by additions of iron alone because the rice in the ration contained enough copper to supplement the added iron. However, when greater precautions were taken to eliminate the copper from the basal ration, the addition of pure iron was not effective until minute amounts of copper were also fed. This shows that iron needs to be supplemented with copper for hemoglobin synthesis in . . .


The invention provides a device and a method for measuring the arc contact contacting travel of a high-voltage SF6 circuit breaker. The device comprises an angular displacement measurement module, an angular displacement and linear displacement conversion module, and a data acquisition and processing module. The angular displacement measurement module is used for measuring the angular displacement of the main shaft of a circuit breaker. The angular displacement and linear displacement conversion module is used for acquiring the corresponding relationship between the angular displacement of the main shaft of the circuit breaker and the linear displacement of an arc contact of the circuit breaker. The data acquisition and processing module is used for calculating the linear travel of the arc contact. The method is realized based on the above device and solves the problem in the prior art that conventional linear sensors cannot be applied to high-voltage switchgears can be solved. The linear displacement of the arc contact is ingeniously and indirectly acquired based on the corresponding relationship between the angular displacement and the linear displacement by means of a small and lightweight angular displacement sensor. In this way, high-precision measurement tasks can be realized by means of the simple device. The measurement on the contacting travel alone of the arc contact of the high-voltage SF6 circuit breaker is realized.


This study presents ratings for walkability in 13 Asian cities. It evaluates the existing institutions and policies in relation to walking environments and pedestrians. It provides data on pedestrian infrastructure in these cities. Pedestrian preference interviews were also conducted, to determine what pedestrians think of the pedestrian facilities in their area. If was found that 41% of the survey respondents consider their pedestrian facilities to be bad or very bad; and that 67% of the survey respondents would travel by motorized transportation if their pedestrian facilities did not improve.


The kinetic effects influencing the stability of the resistive wall mode (RWM) are investigated by applying a drift kinetic code to calculate the change in the potential energy of the mode in the presence of thermal and energetic particles. The analysis is carried out for typical JET high-β plasmas. It is found that the strongest kinetic damping of the RWM arises due to mode resonance with the precession motion of the trapped thermal particles. The stability of the RWM in JET plasmas is also probed by using active MHD spectroscopy. The frequency spectrum of the plasma response to oscillating externally applied fields has been measured and fitted to parameter models in order to infer the stability of the RWM. A new model retaining information about the plasma response is presented to describe the resonant field amplification in the presence of a stable RWM.


Although over the past number of years there have been many advances in the materials aspects of topological insulators (TIs), one of the ongoing challenges with these materials is the protection of them against aging. In particular, the recent development of low-carrier-density bulk-insulating Bi2Se3 thin films and their sensitivity to air demands reliable capping layers to stabilize their electronic properties. Here, we study the stability of the low-carrier-density Bi2Se3 thin films in air with and without various capping layers using DC and THz probes. Without any capping layers, the carrier density increases by ∼150% over a week and by ∼280% over 9 months. In situ-deposited Se and ex situ-deposited poly(methyl methacrylate) suppress the aging effect to ∼27% and ∼88%, respectively, over 9 months. The combination of effective capping layers and low-carrier-density TI films will open up new opportunities in topological insulators.


The United Nation's Fourth World Conference on Women convened in Beijing, China from September 4 to 15, 1995. The theme of the Conference was action for equality, development, and peace. The primary task of this Conference, which was attended by delegates from over 180 countries, was to achieve consensus and thereby produce a document entitled the Draft Platform for Action (the Platform). The Platform addresses twelve critical areas of concern: (1) poverty; (2) education; (3) health care; (4) violence against women; (5) effects of armed conflict; (6) participation in the definition of economic structures and policies; (7) power sharing; (8) promoting the advancement of women; (9) human rights of women; (10) the media; (11) the environment; (12) persistent discrimination and violation of the rights of the girl child. The Platform discusses the origins of these issues and problems associated with them. Additionally, and more significantly, the Platform outlines strategic objectives to be carried out by governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to alleviate and eradicate the obstacles, violations, and harms associated with these ideas. Although the Conference on Women has come and gone, it really isn't over. The concerns and aspirations articulated there have made the voices of women all over the world louder. Women have moved that much closer to achieving the Conference's goal: removal of obstacles to the full and equal participation of


The article considers that the tourist potential of the paleontological heritage of the Museum of Earth and Life, in Mafra, Santa Catarina, it can be streamlined from means and techniques that facilitate the interpretation of heritage for the public. The main objective of the research was to analyze the interpretation of the heritage of this museum from the perspective of the principles that govern this practice. The methodology was qualitative in nature and presented an exploratory investigation with documentary, bibliographic and observation techniques, combined with the interview with the museum manager. The results described the way the museum's exhibition was organized, pointing out the predominant use of interpretive media and little use personal of impersonal media, in addition to aspects about the public composed mainly of students. Based on these data, some recommendations were drawn up for the Museum of Earth and Life, which assist this museum organization and demonstrate how to apply the principles of interpretation of heritage for better use of paleontological heritage.


Through questionnaire investigation of 210 firms and BP neural network,this paper analyzes the relationship between resource acquisition and the performance of technology innovation from the perspective of resource acquisition.Finally,it puts forward some suggestions for Chinese firms to improve international competitiveness.


The primary focus of this chapter is 'Blue Jam' (1997-99), Morris's three-season 'ambient' music/comedy series for BBC Radio. Blue Jam combines music, comedy sketches and monologues with an ambient soundtrack. Within this, the programmes utilize an extraordinarily controlled pace in an exploration of social satire and taboo through abstract, even dream-like, humour. For a radio scholar such as Tim Crook, Morris's provocative radio work warrants comparison with Orson Welles. Furthermore, it could be argued that Morris's unique development of the concept of the soundscape in Blue Jam represents an apotheosis of both audio comedy and, paradoxically, the alienating essence of the medium (radio's 'disembodied voice'). This will be explored through a close analysis of specific examples from the three series.


SUMMARY In this article the author deals with the subject of the philosophical underpinnings of the field of cultural studies, with reference to the traditions within which and against which the field originally defined itself. The social and historical context within which cultural studies originated defined which theoretical agendas were valid for the kind of discussions that were possible in the field. While these may have been relevant for the time and place of the field's origins, the validity of the frameworks in contexts other than the original one may be doubtful. Against this, he suggests some directions in which to explore the possibility of reconstituting the idea of culture within alternative conceptual frameworks. These include the methodological semiotics and pragmatic semantics of C S Peirce, Wittgenstein's notion of the public essence of signification, and revisionist concepts in the Philosophy of Science.


Some popular interconnection networks such as mesh, torus and hypercube can be integrated into k-ary n-cube. Simulator for k-ary n-cube must be built to analysis its performance. The general simulation tools can not fit the simulation of these networks well. In order to analysis the performance with different factors, Interconnection Network Simulator (INS) based on event scheduling time advance is introduced in this paper. Compared with the results of some former network simulators, the result shows that our simulator is useful to the job.


Aside from the alterations to the Eustachian tube and membrana mucosa nasi the effects of oral contraceptives on the inner ear and salivary glands are discussed. The influence of gestagens and estrogens on the regulatory mechanism of the above mentioned organs is demonstrated. Especially the erectile tissue of the submandibular and parotic glands and recidiving sudden deafness are discussed. To solve the above mentioned problems the interaction of medical statistics and clinical experiences is desirable. (authors modified) (summary in ENG)


For small and medium-sized retailer, the optimal-ordering policy is often limited by its cash flow. On one hand, many research assume that retailers have enough cash to obtain the optimal-order quantity; on the other hand, research that considers the retailer's capital constraint usually assumes the market demand is certain. In this paper, we study the two-period optimal ordering decisions of the retailer who has cash flow concern under stochastic market demand. Based on the newsvendor model, we solve the problem backward from the second period to the first period to maximize the retailer's cash level on hand in the second period, and then discuss the relationship between the optimal ordering and the initial capital level. We show that the retailer's optimal inventory level increases by the initial capital level. And the retailer's ordering policy is decided not only by his initial cash level, but also by the profit margin of the product. For smaller profit margin, the structure of the retailer's optimal order policy can be characterized by five intervals of the initial cash level; but for a larger profit margin, the optimal order policy can be characterized by three intervals.


Based in Milan, dotdotdot is poised to optimise on a client base of multinational brands, finance and real estate that takes part in the city's international shows and fairs. Valentina Croci explains how this young Italian practice has set out to develop its interactive installations with a 'participative dynamic' that enables clients to effectively communicate their message through the immediate and exclusive involvement of the visitor. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Advances of tabletop electron storage rings for generating a brilliant extreme ultraviolet (EUV) or soft x-ray beam are discussed. An electron storage ring called MIRRORCLE-20SX currently provides a stored beam current with an average of 3 A, a 1-minute lifetime, 15 ms radiation damping time, and a beam size of about 3×3  mm2. We generate EUV by a thin-film target placed in the electron orbit. Photons in the wavelength around 13.9 nm is generated by an Si thin film, and 4.3 nm by a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film placed in the circulating electron beam. It is known from previous experimental studies that the mechanism of EUV emission is a synchrotron Cherenkov radiation (SCR). The observed photon power is 14  W/sr by the DLC film. We report that SCR is suitable for EUV lithography (EUVL) because the spectrum is monochromatic, the radiation angular spread is as narrow as 20×5  mrad2, and the emitter size can be 0.01×3  mm2. An optimized EUV source for lithography based on the tabletop synchrotron is proposed.


The research-based ethnographic study presented in the paper aims at explaining why the extensive student protests of the last decades in Serbia and Bulgaria do not facilitate the post-socialist transformation. Along with a high occurrence of political upheavals that commonly evoke images of mass unrest and swift social reconfigurations of power, no significant change in politics towards more democratic regime has taken place. Despite the presence of multiple liberal semantics in the public debate, the Balkan discourse on democracy seems fairly remote from the political and social practice. All the well-established theories of protest and social movements remain inconclusive in answering this query. In search of an explanation, the concept of security and the bio-political paradigm of Michel Foucault have been adopted. The distinctive conceptual framework helps to explain how protests became a kind of security mechanism preventing an unstable social system from radical changes. Based on that concept the anthropological investigation allowed to identify some systemic milestones, or structural dimensions, bringing some counterintuitive results when it comes to the assessment of key social functions of protest, and a rather expected disclosure of deep authoritarian settings of governing institutions. Finally, the article discusses some similarities between the contentious events in Serbia and Bulgaria, and how the private stories recorded during in-depth interviews conducted between 2014 and 2017 in Belgrade and Sofia combine into one legitimate public narration on the Balkan political issues


Seasonal pattern (SP) is a bipolar disorder (BD) specifier that indicates a tendency towards affective relapses during specific moments of the year. SP affects 15%–25% of BD patients. In the past, SP was applied only to depressive relapses while, in DSM‐5, SP may be applied to both depressive and (hypo)manic episodes. We examined the association between different clinical correlates of BD and SP according to its current definition in a cohort of patients with BD type I (BDI) and II (BDII).


Design curves are developed to simplify solution of the Hantush (1967) equation for groundwater mound build-up under a rectangular recharge basin. Curves are developed by analyzing a large number of solutions to the theoretical equation. Two sets of curves are developed, one for build-up beneath the center of the basin, the second for build-up anywhere in the field. Center-point curves are presented for 3 basins with length to width ratios of 2 to 1, and were easily developed. The more generalized curves are developed for the limited case of a 200 ft by 100 ft basin and are complicated by the many parameters involved. They require a multi-step process for utilization. A computer program, DELTAH, was developed to produce the required data by solving the Hantush equation. DELTAH may be the most valuable solution method as it can be applied to a variety of cases. A user's manual and example problem are included.


Thrombophilia is a disorder with a complex and little understood pathogenesis which can be either genetically inherited or acquired. Consequences can vary in severity from DVT to life threatening thromboembolism. The inherited thrombophilic mutations (Factor V Leiden, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and Prothrombin F2G20210A) are the most common ones found in Caucasian populations [1] . Identification of these mutations and appropriate counselling can prepare affected individuals for the expected clinical course of their condition and influence decision-making on their future management. We report on the approximately 35 year period of thrombotic episodes which led to the final diagnosis in a 58 year old female patient. We describe the course of thrombotic events suffered over this period, her family history and that of her siblings and the testing of their descendants.


Abstract Today's dynamic business environment forces companies to differentiate more than ever and focus on gaining long-term competitive advantages through innovation. The book market faces new challenges, mainly related to the shifting behaviour of readers. Innovation might be perceived as a path towards differentiation, attaining competitive advantage, and market success. Understanding the preferences of the readers and knowing the retail innovation trends could help all the decision-making actors of the book market adapt better to the dynamics of contemporary society and the business environment. The present paper aims at identifying the preferences of Romanian readers regarding the innovations employed in the book market retail. To gather the data, we applied an online questionnaire to a sample of 486 respondents from Romania. The main conclusion of the study underlines that the consumers are not necessarily sensitive to technological innovation or an innovative format of the stores but are highly sensitive to the atmosphere in the bookstores and to the special offers of the bookstores.


Aim To explore the effect of individual nutrition support by tube feeding method for severe craniocerebral injured patients.Methods 40 severe craniocerebral injured patients were randomly divided into control group and experimental group,the control group patients were nasally fed with Nutrison Fibre,and the experimental group patients were nasally fed with individual homogenized meals.Results Patients in both groups had effective nutritional support(P0.05),without statistical significance between two groups(P0.05),but the experimental group patients had less complications(abdominal distension,diarrhea or constipation,hyperglycemia)than control group patients.The difference was significant(P0.05).Conculusion Individual tube feeding method can improve nutrition,reduce the incidence of complications and low cost,which is worth advocating and promoting.


The respective features of IEEE 802.11a and E1 transmission are introduced.The system structure is described.The typical application modes of the wireless transmission systems based on IEEE 802.11a are presented.Compard with the traditional E1 microwave transmission systems,the E1 wireless transmission system based on IEEE 802.11a can be easily constructed in many ways for much lower cost,and it can multiplex E1 data and IP data while using free frequency band. The system can be used as a substitute of or a supplement for the traditional E1 microwave transmission systems.


The invention discloses a clamping-type platform pipeline connecting pipe comprising two arc casings. A semicircular support component is disposed at the bottom of each arc casing. The semicircular support components are butt-connected to form a fixed base; meanwhile, two L-shaped support plates are disposed on two sides of the arc casings respectively, the upper end of each L-shaped support plate is provided with a positioning hole, and a threaded steel pole is inserted into each positioning hole while each threaded steel pole is locked to the upper end of the corresponding L-shaped support plate through a nut. The clamping-type platform pipeline connecting pipe has the advantages that two L-shaped support plates are disposed on two sides of the arc casings respectively, the upper end of the each L-shaped support plate is provided with one positioning hole in which one threaded steel pole is inserted, and a horizontal support structure is provided; the lower outer side of the joint of a pipeline with a platform is under impact or corrosion, the connecting pipe can function in stopping and buffering; the connecting pipe can protect exposed pipelines on an offshore oil platform, and the service life of each pipeline is prolonged.


Various maize irrigation treatments including full and deficit irrigation were used to calibrate and validate the soil water balance and irrigation scheduling model SIMDualKc at Paysandu, western Uruguay. The model adopts the dual crop coefficient approach to partition actual evapotranspiration (ETc act) into actual transpiration (Tc act) and soil evaporation (Es). Low errors of estimation were obtained for simulating soil water content (Root mean square errors (RMSE) ≤ 0.014 cm3·cm−3 with calibrated parameters, and RMSE ≤ 0.023 cm3·cm−3 with default parameters). The ratio Es/Tc act ranged from 26% to 33% and Es/ETc act varied from 20% to 25%, with higher values when the crop was stressed offering less soil coverage. Due to rainfall regime, runoff and deep percolation were quite large. The Stewarts phasic model was tested and used to predict maize yield from Tc act with acceptable errors, in the range of those reported in literature. Water productivity values were high, ranging 1.39 to 2.17 kg·m−3 and 1.75 to 2.55 kg·m−3 when considering total water use and crop ET, respectively. Using a 22-year climatic data series, rainfed maize was assessed with poor results for nearly 40% of the years. Differently, alternative supplemental irrigation schedules assessed for the dry and very dry years have shown good results, particularly for mild deficit irrigation. Overall, results show appropriateness for using SIMDualKc to support the irrigation practice.


Subject matter knowledge is an important field in education research.In the past,researchers focused on two directions: mathematics teachers' conceptual and procedural understandings.Not much was done in the investigation of teachers' practical knowledge on mathematics problem solving.The present study reviews that there are three kinds of practical knowledge on problem solving within subject matter knowledge,which are practical experiential knowledge in using propositions,knowledge on problem solving strategies and problem schema.All three kinds are knowledge is very important in mathematics problem solving.


It is well-known that exposure of female farm animals to heat elevation negatively affects all biological activities required to establish pregnancy. The reduction in pregnancy rate during the hot season can approach 50% in dairy cows and 60% in dairy buffaloes. Indeed, earlier investigations done in buffalo indicated seasonal fluctuations of oocyte quality and most studies confirmed a significant reduction in morphological oocytes quality when recovered during hot season. In vivo studies have reported a clear reduction in meiotic maturation of oocytes exposed to heat stress due to decreased blood flow to reproductive tract, low progesterone level and increased glucocorticoids profile. Buffalo oocytes recovered during summer had a lower percentage of nuclear maturation in vitro (42.9%) compared to those collected in winter (85%). Heat shock at 42 °C for 6 hours during in vitro maturation of camel oocytes significantly decreased the polar body extrusion rate (20.7%) compared to control group (32.3%). At the cellular level, decreased nuclear maturation during heat stress was coupled with reduction in mitochondrial activity, protein biosynthesis and impairment of cellular microstructure system organizing nuclear progression to accomplish maturation such as spindle formation, microfilament and microtubule distribution. Heat-induced alterations in cytoplasmic as well as nuclear maturation were coupled with down-regulation of oocyte transcripts such as GDF9, POU5F1, and C-MOS and genes involved in metabolism (GLUT1) and antioxidant defense (SOD2) that regulate maturation process and preimplantation development. These cellular and molecular defects led to compromising early cleavage and blastocyst formation. Blastocyst rate was lower (42%) for camel oocytes exposed to heat shock compared with control counterparts (48%). The rate of developed buffalo blastocyst was lower during summer (13%) than winter (28.3%) which explained by high rate of chromosome abnormalities and alteration of genes regulating key molecular processes that compromise viability of embryos. Providing females farm animals with optimum management system including housing is the first strategy to reduce environmental heat load. Changing composition of animal feeds is a second possible way to alleviate heat stress. Genetic selection for heat tolerance is long term breeding goal with continuous global warming that ensure good productive as well as reproductive performance.


A model to simulate SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) measurement and the associated uncertainty analysis when axial DMA (Differential Mobility Analyser) classifier operates under scanning mode conditions is described. Starting from simulated SMPS raw data, a fast estimation of aerosol size distribution measurement using regularization technique is performed. Then, global sensitivity analysis is used to discriminate significant parameters of the system and, as a preliminary result, a 95% confidence region is obtained by Monte Carlo simulations on an atmospheric aerosol size distribution.


DDSTM pulping technology can utilize as much as pos-sible black liquor generated from the cooking process so as to meet the needs of environment protection,energy conservation and consumption reduction. With reference to the practice of Xiangjiang Paper,the paper summarized technological develop-ment of batch cooking and introduced the characteristics of DDSTM substitution cooking technology and its superiority.


We consider a process of two classes of particles jumping on a one dimensional lattice. The marginal system of the rst class of particles is the one dimensional totally asymmetric simple exclusion process. When classes are disregarded the process is also the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process. The existence of a unique invariant measure with product marginals with density and for the rst and rst plus second class particles, respectively, was shown by Ferrari, Kipnis and Saada (1991). Recently Der-rida, Janowsky, Lebowitz and Speer (1993) and Speer (1994) have computed this invariant measure for nite boxes and performed the innnite volume limit. Based on this computation we give a complete description of the measure and derive some of its properties. In particular we show that the invariant measure for the simple exclusion process as seen from a second class particle with asymptotic densities and is equivalent to the product measure with densities to the left of the origin and to the right of the origin.


HA3L is an agent-based adaptive hypermedia system which uses existing technology developed by the IAM group in the form of the SoFAR agent framework and the Auld Linky contextual hypermedia structure service. In a nutshell, HA3L provides guided tours of a topic which are adapted according to user preferences. The book Hypermedia and the Web, by David Lowe and Wendy Hall, outlines an engineering approach to the design and management of Web hypermedia applications. Lowe and Hall wish to create an online resource which compliments (but which does merely replicate) the content presented in the book, providing extra material and examples, and which provides adaptive presentations of its content tailored to individual visitors to the site. The purpose of this report is firstly to briefly recount my experiences in getting to grips with the operation of HA3L, and secondly to describe how I have applied the system to provide adaptive tours through part of the Hypermedia and the Web book. The suitability of HA3L for serving an online, adaptive Hypermedia and the Web resource is also briefly discussed.


We studied the problem of local‐ and field‐scale infiltration over a particular class of heterogeneous soils. At the local scale, the soils are described as being vertically non‐uniform, with the saturated hydraulic conductivity continuously decreasing with depth according to a power law function. Analogous to the Green–Ampt model, analytical expressions are first developed for local‐scale infiltration using a sharp front approximation, and model results are compared with numerical solutions of the Richards equation. These results show that saturation does not occur from below in soils with such vertical non‐uniformity, thereby allowing for the use of a sharp front approximation. Because of vertical non‐uniformity, ponding conditions are achieved locally even for rainfall rates less than the surface saturated hydraulic conductivity. Furthermore, infiltration rates asymptotically approach zero at long times. To determine field‐scale infiltration properties, the spatial variability in the surface saturated hydraulic conductivity is represented by a log‐normal random field. Using cumulative infiltration as the independent variable, expressions are developed for the ensemble mean of field‐scale infiltration and the expected time for a given depth of water to infiltrate over the field. Surface horizontal heterogeneity is found to control field‐scale infiltration at small times, whereas local vertical non‐uniformity exerts a strong control at long times. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The promise of electronic surveys is frequently summarized in two benefits: fast response and low cost. However, extant research has focused almost exclusively on individuals. The current paper compares and contrasts the effectiveness and efficiency of Web-based and regular mail survey methods of data collection, targeting very "highinformation-value" and difficult to reach business audiences, such as Chief Marketing Officers (CMOs). We find that online surveys perform as well as traditional surveys in terms of the response rate, response completeness, and nonresponse bias. Multiple contacts are the key to increasing the response rate. We discuss the implications of their findings and suggest directions for future research.


The kinetics of the excretion and acetylation of sulfathiazole were studied in normal adult humans. Excretion of free sulfathiazole, its acetylation, and excretion of acetylated sulfathiazole were described by a kinetic model previously found to hold for the same processes in the disposition of sulfisoxazole and sulfamethylthiadiazole when 0.5-Gm. doses were ingested. When a 1.0-Gm. dose of sulfathiazole was ingested by one test subject, excretion of acetylated sulfathiazole could not be described in terms of the model. However, repetition of the test during the maintenance of a high water intake during the period of time when excretion rate of acetylsulfathiazole was at high values, gave results that could be interpreted in terms of the model. On the basis of equations developed to calculate maximum excretion rate of acetylsulfathiazole, it was apparent that crystalluria must have occurred during the first test with a 1.0-Gm. dose. The relationship between concentration of acetylated sulfonamide in urine, urine flow rate, and rate of excretion of acetylated sulfonamides was examined for the situation when sulfonamides are used in therapy. This examination allowed establishment of minimum urine flow rates during therapy with sulfathiazole, sulfisoxazole, and sulfamethylthiadiazole as a function of urine pH and dose level.


Article materials relate to the forest industry and can be used in logging operations on cutting sites with soft terrain. The result of the research is a developed technological scheme for the movement of the harvester and forwarder in the cutting area It allows you to reduce the number of skidding trails for moving the forwarder on logging sites with soft terrain, which are able to provide a one-time movement of a harvester, but require additional costs for strengthening of skidding trails for multiple movements of a forwarder. The forwarder works only on skidding trails that are located at distances from each other equal to ten distances of movement of harvester manipulator. This helps to reduce the cost of transport operations on cutting areas with soft terrain. The proposed technology can be used for clear cutting in cutting areas with soft terrain.


This final rule adopts uniform standards for medication history, formulary and benefits, and fill status notification (RxFill) for the Medicare Part D electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) drug program as required by section 1860D-4(e)(4)(D) of the Social Security Act (the Act). In addition, we are adopting the National Provider Identifier (NPI) as a standard for identifying health care providers in e-prescribing transactions. It also finalizes the June 23, 2006 interim final rule with comment period that identified the National Council for Prescription Drug Programs (NCPDP) Prescriber/Pharmacist Interface SCRIPT standard, Implementation Guide, Version 8.1 ("NCPDP SCRIPT 8.1") as a backward compatible update of the NCPDP SCRIPT 5.0 ("NCPDP SCRIPT 5.0"), until April 1, 2009. This final rule also retires NCPDP SCRIPT 5.0 and adopts the newer version, NCPDP SCRIPT 8.1, as the adopted standard. Finally, except as otherwise set forth herein, we are implementing our compliance date of 1 year after the publication of these final uniform standards. This is the second set in a continuing process of issuing e-prescribing final standards for the Medicare Part D program,


Gastroenterology 2015;148:304–306 Question: A 77year-old man, with an unremarkable clinical history, was referred to the emergency room for intermittent abdominal pain and vomiting for 2 weeks. Plain abdominal radiography was negative. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a retracted gallbladder filled with biliary sludge and large (>3 cm) stones. Abdominal CT confirmed these findings and showed pneumobilia and air in the gallbladder, as well as edema of the duodenal wall. Because this last CT feature was not clear, a MRI was performed, which showed the presence of a cholecystoduodenal fistula (Figure A). No other radiologic abnormalities were observed. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy confirmed the presence of a 10 mm duodenal fistula on the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb (Figure B). The patient underwent laparoscopy, converted to open surgery, with closure of the fistula and removal of the gallbladder. No other abdominal abnormalities were observed during surgery. Intraoperative cholangiography showed no stones in the biliary tree. Three days later, the patient manifested clinical features of acute intestinal obstruction characterized by abdominal pain, vomiting, bowel closed to feces and flatus, and abdominal distention. An abdominal CT was ordered. What could it be? What is the appropriate management? Look on page 305 for the answer and see the Gastroenterology web site (www.gastrojournal.org) for more information on submitting your favorite image to Clinical Challenges and Images in GI.


This thesis aims to present the design of the planning, implementation, monitoring and improvement of a Safety Management System for a transport company, the company belongs to the business of transportation of various cargoes to mining and energy customers in their service features that make it unique in the country.
The purpose of the Implementation of Safety Management System is the prevention of accidents generated in freight operations on different routes of customers who belong to the Transport Division Operations Mining and Energy, which will focus on Route Callao, Arequipa, Espinar Las Bambas Mining Project as the major reference of services made by the company.
The first step in designing this system was to diagnose the current state of transport safety sector in Peru, investigate the accident rate in recent years, the labor legislation in the transport of cargo and compliance with Company the national regulations of the Ministry of Transport and Communications and the Superintendence of Transport of Staff, Cargo and Merchandise.
With a clear picture of the current problems of the transport sector in the country and the company a system to reduce and control risks, their management and continuous improvement of working conditions with reference to OHSAS 18001 is designed for its preparation are He conducted a detailed analysis of the above route, primary activity in the development of the thesis.detailed analysis of the above route, primary activity in the development of the thesis.


An examination of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of ten pairs of racemic erythro and threo isomers of 1,2-disubstituted-1-arylpropanes shows that the signals of the methyl protons of the er...


Background: Kinesin family member 23 (KIF23) has an important role in mitosis of cytoplasmic separation process. Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl) is a protein ligase E3 ubiquitin in tyrosine kinase pathways, involved in numerous cell types. The current study aimed to evaluate the tissue expression of KIF23 and c-Cbl in gastric cancer (GC) tissues and normal gastric mucosa using immunohistochemistry and to investigate the correlation among their expressions, clinicopathological parameters, and the prognosis of patients in order to detect their role in the progression of GC and patients' prognosis. Method: We conducted this prospective study on 120 samples retrieved from 120 patients; 80 samples were taken from GC patients and 40 from normal gastric mucosa. We assed tissue protein expression of KIF23 and c-Cbl using immunohistochemistry. We evaluated the correlations between KIF23 and C-Cbl expression with clinicopathological and prognostic parameters of patients. Results: KIF23 expression level in GC tissues was positively correlated with high pTNM stage (P = 0.001), larger tumor size (P = 0.010), high tumor grade (P = 0.006), poor overall survival (P < 0.001), disease-free survival rates (P = 0.003), and tumor recurrence after therapy (P = 0.004). cCbl expression level in GC tissues was positively correlated with early pTNM stage (P = 0.003), lower tumor grade (P = 0.005), the absence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.023), good response to therapy (P = 0.002), and the absence of tumor recurrence after the therapy (P = 0.004). Conclusion: The high KIF23 expression and low c-Cbl expression in GC tissues were attributed to progression and poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients.


The Intersociety Committee on Nutrition Certification has been established with the hope that it will enhance communication and cooperation between the various nutrition societies (American College of Nutrition, American Dietetic Association, American Society for Clinical Nutrition, American Society of Bariatric Physicians, and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition) and certification boards in human nutrition (American Board of Bariatric Medicine, American Board of Nutrition, Certification Board for Nutrition Specialists, Commission on Dietetic Registration, and National Board of Nutrition Support Certification). Currently, several certification credentials are available to individuals practicing human clinical nutrition, which differ with respect to their eligibility requirements, the clinical experience required, their certifying examinations, and the scope of practice skills being certified. For informational purposes, a summary of these certification credentials (based on information provided by the credentialing organization) is presented in Table 1. The Intersociety Committee on Nutrition Certification recognizes that the current systems for certification have been developed to meet the needs of several different constituencies that differ in their education, training, and approach to the practice of human clinical nutrition. We recognize that the multiple approaches that have developed can be confusing to potential applicants. The intersociety committee has begun discussions aimed at developing an approach to nutrition certification that we hope will result in increased coordination between certifying boards and nutrition societies. The Committee will also explore options for constituencies that may not now be adequately served by the existing credentialing processes. More information about the Intersociety Committee can be obtained from Dr Steven H Zeisel, (919) 966-7218. Fax 919-966-7216. This information is being published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, the Journal of the American College of Nutrition, the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, and Nutrition in Clinical Practice.


This a review article, which presents a general framework for the analysis of interatomic magnetic interactions in the spin-density-functional theory, which is based on the magnetic force theorem, make a link with the models for transition-metal oxides, and gives several examples of how this strategy can be used for the analysis of magnetic properties of colossal-magnetoresistive perovskite manganites, double perovskite and pyrochlore compounds.


In this article we want to introduce our first tested concept of a learning mechanism for smart homes. It is a number of interrelated algorithms that search the database of events in the home automation system. By searching, mechanism selects those events that at the time repeated several times under well-defined rules. Finally creates a database of basic rules, some basic knowledge database of activities. These can then serve as the management rules or may be further examined for activity recognition.


The Minerals Management Service (MMS) is reviewing its regulatory policies governing safety and pollution prevention. To promote safety improvements, MMS encourages industrywide adoption of its Safety and Environmental Management Program (SEMP). Recognizing that current regulations tend to limit new and innovative training technologies, MMS is amending those regulations to provide greater flexibility. Because the industry must use new and innovative technologies for deep-water development, MMS is seeking ways to permit greater flexibility in regulating deep-water operations.


The invention discloses a servo electrohydraulic composite pressure method, comprising the following steps: 1) arranging a stander; 2) arranging an upper hydraulic device on the stander, 3) arranging a closed ring servo electrohydraulic control system, wherein the closed ring servo electrohydraulic control system is connected with the upper hydraulic device, and controls the work situation of the upper hydraulic device; the invention further discloses a press machine which implements the method; the method provided by the invention uses a servo electrohydraulic technology to replace the traditional electrohydraulic control technology, which has simple manufacturing, high efficiency, little power consumption and high control precision; the position control precision can reach to 0.01 to 0.02 millimeters; the pressing, the tensioning, the de-molding, the full deciding and other functions can be realized simultaneously, so the method has a comparatively high processing flexibility; the press machine provided by the invention is rational in structure, little in volume, stable in work, high in capacity, little in noise, and wide in application range. The advantages of a mechanical punching machine, a hydraulic punching machine and a numerical control are integrated, so the press machine has the advantages of multi-function, low cost, large pressure tonnage, etc.


In the midst of this settling dust, Nigl has written a well balanced book about the three areas appearing in the title, that is, Biofeedback, Behavioural Medicine, and Pain. He reviews the area of biofeedback and behavioural medicine in their historical context. He addresses pain as a complex phenomenon, involving sensory, motivational emotional, conceptual, and socio-cultural dimensions. More important for the clinician, he attempts to integrate various treatment modalities and theoretical frameworks. The author writes clearly, with the enthusiasm of a committed clinician, while endorsing the idea that reason not rhetoric, should act as a guide for the evaluations of treatment. The book is divided into five sections: The first section offers an introduction to biofeedback and behavioural methodology and treatment; the second section addresses various aspects of pain including its neurophysiology, perception, measurement, cognitive, and personality factors; the third section deals with the behavioural perspective of chronic pain from assessment to treatment. In this section there is also a brief overview of psychodynamic psychotherapy, both individual and group. The fourth section of the book is devoted to treatment of pain using behavioural procedures centred around biofeedback. The final section consists of a chapter that presents extended case studies that are more like vignettes of problem presentation, treatment and discussion of approximately two pages each. The book also contains three appendices: The first lists some pain treatment centres in the U.S.; the second gives some forms for recording the process of biofeedback training; the third lists information about Biofeedback Instrument manufacturers. The primacy of the word "biofeedback" in the title of this book may mislead potential readers by suggesting a narrow rather than the actual broad scope of the book. The book is a comprehensive text about pain management using a behavioural perspective within which attempts are made to integrate biofeedback methodology. A clinician who addresses the problem of pain in a multidisciplinary, psychobehavioural approach will find this book a good resource, especially if he or she does not read the journals that tend to publish in the area of behavioural procedures and biofeedback training. The content of the book is well referenced. The literature cited is comprehensive (40 pages of references), and scans the period between mid-1970's to early 1980's. Some details about actual treatment procedures are enough to stimulate the appetite, but not enough to make this a treatment manual. A few comments about some strengths and limitations of the book as I see them. The intentions of the author are expressed in the preface as follows: "In writing this book, I have attempted to integrate, as much as possible, the neurophysiological-anatomical bases for chronic pain and acute, recurring pain syndromes with specific therapy, behaviour and biofeedback techniques used to modify pain behaviours (p.v.)." The author's achievement of these intentions varies, depending in part, on the knowledge base of the reader. Some readers may find the neurophysiological discussion of pain very limited. Others may find the chapters discussing biofeedback and behavioural procedures, descriptive, easy to read, but deserving a fuller treatment. Others may find that the brief presentation of the psychodynamic perspective in the treatment of pain is not only extremely limited, but also acts as a distraction rather than a contribution. Still others may find the author's selection of studies discussed as idiosyncratic, and perhaps become annoyed by the "second-hand" method of referring to studies. Many of the references used in the text are to information in an earlier book that the writer co-authored rather than the original research. In summary, the book reflects the state of our current knowledge in biofeedback and behavioural treatment of pain. More recent information about this approach supports the clinical value of these procedures. In a recent review (Linton, 1986) (1) of the behaviour treatment of chronic pain, the reviewer concluded that "there is substantial evidence for the efficacy of some behavioural treatment for chonic pain (p. 125)." The book represents a useful blend of theory, research and clinical applications, with a sprinkling of personal values. The value issues are raised by authors when he addresses the questions of what specialty should use biofeedback procedures. Is biofeedback training a specific technical task or a procedure to be used by clinicians trained in psychotherapeutic skills?


. The shape and chemical composition of particles polluting the surface of ultrafine wire made of the platinum Pt92.5Pd4Rh3.5 alloy has been revealed by electron microscopy and microspectral analysis. The phenomenon of the appearance of pores in the particles, which are elongated in the direction of drawing, has been discovered. The problem of calculating the stress-strain state is stated by the finite element method. After solving the problem, it is demonstrated that the appearance of additional defects is related to the proportion of stresses in the scheme of metal forming by drawing


The danger of exposure to tuberculosis (TB) exists primarily in facilities in which people with TB are likely to mingle with uninfected susceptible people. Such places include, among others, healthcare facilities in areas where TB is prevalent, shelters for the homeless in large cities, drug treatment centers, and prisons. If a given facility is identified as hazardous, an effective method for interrupting airborne transmission of TB is air disinfection with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI). In this article, implementation of this method will be discussed: where, within a given building, UVGI fixtures should be installed; and what fixture design should be chosen for each location. Where to install ultraviolet (UV) fixtures depends on where the hazard of airborne TB exists, and that depends on the behavior of infected people and the behavior of infectious airborne particles. Patients with known active TB normally are sequestered in isolation rooms where special precautions are taken to avoid transmission of infection. However, as stated succinctly in 1967 in a document accepted by the National Tuberculosis Association Board of Directors: "It should be made clear that the greatest risk of infection arises from the individual with undiagnosed or unsuspected tuberculosis." Such people usually are unaware that they are infectious. They may be seated in clinic waiting rooms, walking the hospital corridors, or visiting in patients' rooms. If the unsuspected case is a member of the housekeeping or healthcare staff, he or she may be found anywhere in the building. The behavior of infectious airborne particles is equally unpredictable.


In order to construct the immunological detection method for okadaic acid,the carboxyl group of OA molecule is coupled to amino group of carrier protein IgG and BSA using active ester method.It certificates that the man-made prepared OA immunizing antigen and detecting antigen are successfully coupled by electrophoresis,animal experiment and ELISA,These establish favourable foundation for preparation the antibody against OA using the technique of Hybridoma and immunological method detecting OA from marine food.