Methods In the study, we included 86 children diagnosed with atopic asthma (n = 25), allergic rhinitis (n = 20), and atopic dermatitis (n = 20) and healthy control subjects (n = 21) of Caucasian origin from the Polish population. The blood leukocyte expression of 31 genes involved in neuroinflammatory response (neurotrophins, their receptors, neuropeptides, and histamine signaling pathway) was analysed using TaqMan low-density arrays. The relative expression of selected proteins from plasma was done using TaqMan Protein Assays. Statistical analysis was done using Statistica. Results Blood expression of 31 genes related to neuroimmune interactions showed significant increase in both allergic diseases, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, in comparison to the control group. We found 12 genes significantly increased in allergic rhinitis and 9 genes in which the expression was elevated in atopic dermatitis. Moreover, 9 genes with changed expression in atopic dermatitis overlapped with those in allergic rhinitis. Atopic asthma showed 5 genes with altered expression. The peripheral expression of neuroinflammatory genes in the human study was verified in target tissues (nasal epithelium and skin) in a rat model of allergic inflammation. Conclusions A common pattern of neuroinflammatory gene expression between allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis may reflect similar changes in sensory nerve function during chronic allergic inflammation.


With the advancement of technology in computing, storage and networking, any high speed computation on the data available across various data centers is possible today. The amount of data generated by various enterprise applications and social networking is enormous and expected to grow tremendously in the coming years. Deriving useful and intelligent information out of this data is utmost important to enhance business value and increase human centricity. Machine Learning algorithms available as a subfield of Artificial Intelligence help derive the intelligence from plethora of data available across various application domains. Artificial intelligence and Machine learning are trending technologies in industry to enable business recommendations, predict future market etc.  The field of medicine is not an exception to support doctors diagnose the disease faster with high accuracy and provide personalized medication to the patrons. In this paper, an in-depth discussion is carried out on diagnosing respiratory diseases accurately using machine learning algorithms. The models built accurately using Machine Learning techniques outperform human experts.


This paper investigates the value of various knowledge resources for supporting government agencies in preparing their staff to work on public private partnerships for infrastructure (PPP). Recent ...


This paper introduces the use of Voronoi diagrams as motifs for the seventeen types of wallpaper patterns. By using two JavaScript programs, users can customize the Voronoi-augmented image by selecting a type of pattern, changing its metric, the number of its sites, and its colors. This level of customization and randomized parts of the Voronoi diagrams allows for a near infinite variety of interesting visuals. The paper describes how changing the Voronoi diagrams affect the outcome of the images. An artistic analysis follows.


ABSTRACT In recent decades, ambient gaseous pollution has increased due to anthropogenic activities worldwide. The studies to evaluate the adverse effects of ambient pollutants on commonly grown food crops are still limited, especially in Asian countries like Pakistan. The present study was conducted to measure the ambient pollutants in different sites of Faisalabad and their impact on growth and yield of wheat, mung bean and peas. Plants were grown in pots and placed at three sites named as control (Wire house of Government College University, Faisalabad), low pollution (LP) (Farm Area of Ayub Agricultural Research Institute) and high pollution (HP) (GT Chowk, Faisalabad) sites. Results showed that ambient ozone (O3) concentration was highest at HP site followed by LP site and was below AOT40 in control site. Ambient pollutants caused foliar injury in crops and decreased plant height, leaf area, biomass and grain yield. Pollutants caused a reduction in photosynthetic pigments, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate and grain protein contents in all three crops. In conclusion, the ambient O3 level was highest at HP site, this current O3 level and other pollutants decreased the growth and yield of important food crops.


This study aims on analyzing which factors influencing on consumers' online shopping behaviors in Vietnam and Taiwan. This study will delve into factors influencing consumers' online shopping behaviors in Vietnam and Taiwan, containing Financial Risk, Product Risk, Convenience Risk, Delivery Risk, Return Policy, Telecommunication Infrastructure, Consumers' Attitude, and Consumers' Purchasing Intention. The study surveyed 436 consumers in two countries, Taiwan and Vietnam, with detailed questionnaires in three languages: English, Chinese, and Vietnamese. In addition, statistic software such as STASTISTICA 10 and LISREL8.8were used to support the research to test hypotheses and establish the structural model. The results showed that the negative factors affecting shopping intent were no longer critical and gradually improved by online shopping companies. The great elements have maintained by online shopping website, influence positively on purchasing intention. Based on the data analyzed, this paper showed Telecommunication Infrastructure and Attitude positively influence on consumers' online shopping behaviors in Vietnam and Taiwan while Financial Risk, Product Risk, Convenience Risk, Non – Delivery Risk and Return Policy have insignificant influence on online shopping behaviors of customers.


Abstract Glycoprotein VI (GPVI), a platelet collagen receptor, is crucial in mediating atherothrombosis. Besides collagen, injured plaques expose tissue factor (TF) that triggers fibrin formation. Previous studies reported that GPVI also is a platelet receptor for fibrinogen and fibrin. We studied the effect of anti-GPVI antibodies and inhibitors of GPVI signaling kinases (Syk and Btk) on platelet adhesion and aggregate formation onto immobilized fibrinogen and different types of fibrin under arterial flow conditions. Fibrin was prepared from isolated fibrinogen ("pure fibrin"), recombinant fibrinogen ("recombinant fibrin"), or generated more physiologically from endogenous fibrinogen in plasma ("plasma fibrin") or by exposing TF-coated surfaces to flowing blood ("blood fibrin"). Inhibition of GPVI and Syk did not inhibit platelet adhesion and aggregate formation onto fibrinogen. In contrast anti-GPVI antibodies, inhibitors of Syk and Btk and the anti-GPIb antibody 6B4 inhibited platelet aggregate formation onto pure and recombinant fibrin. However, inhibition of GPVI and GPVI signaling did not significantly reduce platelet coverage of plasma fibrin and blood fibrin. Plasma fibrin contained many proteins incorporated during clot formation. Advanced optical imaging revealed plasma fibrin as a spongiform cushion with thicker, knotty, and long fibers and little activation of adhering platelets. Albumin intercalated in plasma fibrin fibers left only little space for platelet attachment. Pure fibrin was different showing a dense mesh of thin fibers with strongly activated platelets. We conclude that fibrin formed in plasma and blood contains plasma proteins shielding GPVI-activating epitopes. Our findings do not support a role of GPVI for platelet activation by physiologic fibrin.


Tokieda Motoki, a famous Japanese linguist, advanced a new theory that language is a process. His theory is distinct from the view that language is a tool. According to this view, language is a process of peoples expression and understanding. This view is intrinsically distinct from Saussures linguistic view. Miura Tutomu has elaborated on this linguistic view systematically. He thinks that language is the result of expressing and understanding—sounds or words. There are mentalistic and mechanical materialistic tendency in this linguistic view, despite its novelty compared with the linguistic view that language is a tool.


Genetic studies in yeast have identifi ed a subset of vps (vacuolar protein–sorting) mutants, which are called the class E mutants. These mutants display an exaggerated prevacuolar/late endosome compartment, called the class E compartment, which is caused by defects in multivesicular body (MVB) sorting (Raymond et al., 1992). There are 17 soluble and 1 membrane class E vps proteins in yeast, including Vps27p, the ESCRT-I, -II, and -III complexes, Vps4p, Bro1/Vps31, Vta1, Vps60p/MOS10, and Did2/Fti1 (Babst, 2005). A recent model has proposed that monoubiquitinated receptors and cargo proteins are fi rst recognized by Vps27p and Hse1p, which results in the sequential recruitment of three distinct multiprotein complexes, i.e., ESCRT-I, -II, and -III, to endosomal membranes from the cytosol (Katzmann et al., 2001; Babst et al., 2002a,b; Bilodeau et al., 2002). Although the details are unclear, these complexes are required for the sorting of monoubiquitinated cargo for inclusion in MVBs, as well as the formation of the MVBs themselves (for reviews see Katzmann et al., 2002; Raiborg et al., 2003). The fi nal step in the membrane invagination that forms MVBs may be specifi cally associated with the ESCRT-III complex and its ability to interact with the AAA-ATPase Vps4p (Babst et al., 1998). Doa4p is a deubiquitinating enzyme that recycles ubiquitin by releasing monoubiquitin moieties before the incorporation of proteins into the internal membranes of the MVB (Amerik et al., 2000). Several in vitro studies have investigated the protein– protein interactions of the class E Vps proteins in yeast and mammalian cells using yeast two-hybrid and GST pull-down CHMP5 is essential for late endosome function and down-regulation of receptor signaling during mouse embryogenesis


In mass spectrometry based metabolomics predictive data processing and sample classification based on representative sample subsets makes it possible to screen large sample banks or data sets in an ...


Hinokiol belongs to the minor diterpenoid constituents in plant,but it shows consuming inhibitive effect on some bacteria.Hinokiol was the first isolated from Phlomis umbrosa and its structure was elucidated on the basis of IR and NMR spectra analysis.Its molecular configuration and conformation were also characterized by X-ray structure analysis.It was the infrequence O-H…π stacking that was found in the packing of the crystal structure of Hinokiol except for the existence of hydrogen bonding.The paper gives a description of characteristic of the O-H…π stacking interaction.


The global financial crisis has been blamed on the part of the increasing complexity in the financial system which is one of the key developments in modern finance. Due to greater globalization and the integration of financial institutions and markets, they have become more interconnected and more fragile in the financial system. A significant proportion of the complex nature of the financial system results from the development of complex structured finance securities. The aim of this study is to investigate the remarkable rise and fall of structured finance by emphasizing the role of complexity. This study first examines the ways in which structured finance become more complicated over the last two decades. Complexity in structured finance arises from the pooling of assets, the detailed deal-specific structuring and documentations necessitated by tranching and the involvement of third parties. Besides, we have defined the term ?complexity? more narrowly to provide a better understanding of the essence of the complexity. Further, this study examines the motive for the financial institutions to issue more complex structured finance securities and finds that the increased complexity has been used as a mechanism to distract market participants. Finally, the complex structure of securities along with the perverse incentives and gluttonous behaviour of the market participants have undoubtedly impelled financial market towards more complex condition and ultimately thrust towards the collapse.


A sealed electrochemical cell container cover the open end of the bond. The present invention further provides a non-curved type alkaline electrochemical cell with a sticking cover, the electrochemical cell comprising: an open end and a side wall of the container with; a positive electrode disposed within the container; disposed within the container a negative electrode; alkaline electrolyte disposed in the container; disposed on the open end of the container lid; between the cover and the container is arranged a first binder, and is disposed between the cover and the container a second adhesive caking agent, wherein said first and second adhesive arranged such: let the open end of the container near the first binder, the second binder from the open end of the container further, close to the container the open end of the first binder can coexist with potassium hydroxide alkaline electrolyte chemistry.


We have developed a new progressive technique that allows real-time volume rendering of large tetrahedral meshes. Our approach incrementally streams portions of the mesh to a hardware-assisted volume renderer and displays approximations that increase in quality until a full-quality rendering is achieved. The results of previous steps are stored as image data and re-used in each subsequent refinement, thus leading to an efficient rendering. Our interactive representation of the dataset is efficient, light-weight, and high quality. The result is a level-of-detail framework for interactive exploration of tetahedral datasets too large to render using conventional approaches.


Due to their poor machinability, titanium alloys need to be worked at low cutting speeds to prevent a fast tool failure caused by the very high temperatures that are reached at the tool-chip interface. As demonstrated by previous works by the authors, an improvement of productivity for Titanium alloys can be obtained by adopting cryogenic cooling during the machining operations.The present work shows the features of a toolholder specifically designed for cryogenic adduction in turning operations, following Hong's design guidelines. The paper compares tool life results between traditional and cryogenic rough turning by adopting Grade 5 titanium as the working material. Rough turning is economically more relevant to the machining industry, especially in the aerospace field where generally a large quantity of rough material has to be removed due to the very high buy-to-fly ratio of aerospace components. A full factorial experimental plan was performed basing on typical rough turning parameters. Machining outputs such as forces, roughness, temperatures, friction coefficients were calculated in order to define statistical differences between cryogenic cooling method using the special toolholder and traditional oil water emulsion cooling system.Furthermore, thanks to tool life results the Taylor's law for cryogenic and traditional cases was calculated and an hypothetical production scenario for Ti6Al4V parts was analysed. An analytical model to calculate production costs and time was built for both cooling methods. A 4-turrets turning centre was considered and cooling methods and costs per hour of machine tool were taken into account in a cost model. The results show that the benefits in terms of tool life offered by liquid nitrogen cooling allows to improve productivity by adopting higher optimal cutting parameters. This improvement, coupled to an increase of tool life, is very significant and allows not only to reduce time of production but also to cover the major costs of liquid nitrogen and have a slight reduction of machining total costs.


Self-assembled nanostructures often exhibit unique properties that are distinct from those of bulk materials. During the past decade, significant progress has been made in the assembly of nanorods and understanding some of the self-directing assembly mechanisms, particularly related to gold nanorods. Nonetheless, methods that can be scaled up to large areas for device-scale applications are yet to be established. This review describes various routes that are being actively pursued to achieve assembly of nanorods. Self-assembly methods that utilize external forces such as electric field or gravitational forces are reviewed. Additionally, self-assembly schemes using chemical and biomolecule linkers are presented. Other important routes, such as template assisted assembly, Langmuir-Blodgett, and nanorod assembly methods carried out in solution phase are also discussed. The latter includes recently reported approaches to produce superstructured particles through self-assembly. Solvent evaporation and drying can also strongly contribute to the assembly of nanostructures. The final section presents self-assembly routes that primarily exploit the drying kinetics of solvents.


The preparation of lustrous conducting polyacetylene films by the polymerization of acetylene with vinyltitanium species as initiators was studied. Organotitanium species were generated by the alkylation of titanium vinylcarbene complexes with tert-butyl chloride. Solid-state 13C NMR and IR analyses of the obtained polyacetylene indicated that polyacetylene with a trans configuration was produced. The use of titanocene(II) species Cp2Ti[P(OEt)3]2 and titanium vinylcarbene complexes for the preparation of polyacetylene films was also studied. The morphology of the films and the mechanisms of polymerization are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2663–2669, 2002


Proopiomelanocortin(POMC) through post-translational processes gives rise to a series of structural related peptides. These include MSHs, ACTHs, CLIPs, LPHs,and endorphins. In this study we have examined various molecular forms of ACTH-like immunoreactivity(ACTH-LI) present in systemic blood of male rats by chromatofocusing. To gain further insight into the physiological basis of the release of ACTH-LI peptides and its age-dependent nature, we have studied various molecular forms of ACTH-LI under dexamethasone(DX), which is expected to inhibit the release of endogenous CRF. Resolution of circulating ACTH-LI peptides utilizing chromatofocusing revealed 6 heterogenous components having isoelectric points between 4.7 and 3.29. The results demonstrated entirely different patterns of ACTH-LI peptides seen in the prepubertal group and the adult group. While the prepubertal pattern showed a relative shift to less acidic components, the adult animals had more acidic components. Under DX less acidic components in the prepubertal group were diminished and acidic components were increased. In the adults the less acidic components did not show any alterations, while the more acidic component (peak VI) was greatly enhanced. With these studies as a baseline, it convincingly demonstrates that the alterations in the ACTH-LI components with maturation are perhaps involved in the biopotency of a hormone, and inhibition of CRF by DX modulates the shift of the components from less acidic to more acidic forms.


The dentate gyrus is a key input gateway for the hippocampus, and dentate function is potently regulated by GABAergic inhibition. GABAergic inhibition is plastic and modulated by many factors. Cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca+]i) is one of these factors, and its elevation inhibits GABA‐mediated transmission in the hippocampus including the dentate gyrus granule cells (DGCs). We examined whether the [Ca+]i‐dependent decrease of GABAA receptor‐mediated inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) is explained by the retrograde suppression of GABA release caused by the depolarization‐induced elevation of [Ca+]i in DGCs (DSI: depolarization‐induced suppression of inhibition). Repeated brief depolarizations or a single long depolarization inhibited spontaneous IPSCs with amplitudes over 25 pA for up to a minute, and reduced the amplitude of IPSCs evoked by direct stimulation in the molecular layer, suggesting that DGCs are susceptible to DSI. The magnitude of DSI correlated linearly with the duration of depolarization, and so did the increase of [Ca+]i. DSI was blocked by intrapipette application of BAPTA. In addition, bath application of thapsigargin and ryanodine, and intrapipette application of ryanodine and ruthenium red reduced the [Ca+]i increase caused by the DSI‐inducing depolarization, and substantially reduced the magnitude of DSI. Finally, the cannabinoid receptor agonists, CP55,942 and WIN55,212‐2, mimicked DSI and prevented further IPSC reduction by DSI. DSI was blocked by the antagonist, SR141716A. We conclude that GABAergic inhibition in DGCs is subject to endogenous cannabinoid (eCB)‐mediated retrograde regulation, and this process involves a depolarization‐initiated release of Ca+ from ryanodine‐sensitive stores. Our findings suggest eCBs probably have physiological functions in the regulation of GABAergic plasticity in the dentate gyrus.


Value addition and development of functional meat products from Kadaknath is very limited and meatbased functional foods are being seen as an opportunity to improve the ''image" of meat and address consumer needs. Present study was undertaken with aim of quality and sensory analysis of guar gum incorporated low fat Kadaknath chicken patties. The product was prepared by using three different levels of guar gum (T-1 0.5%, T-2 1% and T-3 1.5%) by replacing added fat. All samples were processed for physicochemical and sensory analysis. There was significant (P<0.05) difference in the cooking yield and moisture content of Kadaknath chicken patties between control and treatments. The developed product had significantly (P<0.05) lower fat content and moisture compared to control. Fat retention was significantly (P<0.05) increased with the increasing level of guar gum from control to T-2 and thereafter a non-significant (P>0.05) increment was noticed. Textural and sensory attributes differed significantly (P<0.05). Overall acceptability revealed a significant (P<0.05) lower score for T-1 and T-3. However, score for T-2 was comparable to control. Hence, patties with 1% guar gum (T-2) was found superior and most acceptable by the sensory panelists and finally selected as low fat Kadaknath chicken patties.


"Worlds of Sense" is an historical and cross-cultural study of the senses and the ways in which different cultures "make sense" of the world. In the West we think in terms of visual models such as "world view". The Ongee of the Andaman Islands live in a world ordered by smell and the Tzotzil of Mexico hold that temperature is the basic force of the cosmos. What different modes of consciousness are created by treating smell or touch as a fundamental way of knowing? How does the sensory order of a culture relate to its social order? Is there a natural order of the senses? By asking such searching questions of different cultures, Constance Classen aims to illustrate that the differences in sensory perception can be striking. "Worlds of Sense" argues that perception cannot be treated as a purely physical act but that the list, hierarchy and ordering of the senses are deeply related to time and culture.


The paper designs the system architecture and function modules for logistics enterprise competition information system,takes the intranet as a platform,integrates organization network with information network and man-man network in order to build up a working system with quick response,which the main contents are to get and analyze the information of competitive environment,competitors and competi-tive strategy.


Reaction of 2,21-anhydrouridine (2) with [82Br]-ammonium bromide in the presence of one equivalent p-toluenesulfonic acid afforded 21-[82Br]-21-deoxyuridine (3) in 73.4% chemical yield with a specific activity of 0.58 mCi mM−1. Alternatively, direct activation of 21-bromo-21-deoxyuridine at a thermal neutron flux of 1 × 1012n cm−2s−1 gave 21-[82Br]-21-deoxyuridine, with a specific activity of 0.6-0.7 mCi mM−1 for a 3 hr irradiation. 21-[82Br]-21-deoxyuridine was rapidly purified by high pressure liquid chromatography with an elution time of 18 minutes, or by preparative thin layer chromatography.


This paper reports on an intangible cultural heritage forum held at the Australian Museum, Sydney, in 2007. Forum participants, including representatives from Fiji, Guam, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Palau, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu, and Yap as well as members of Sydney's heritage community, contributed to a debate on the question of what the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003 means in practical terms to Pacific countries and how the Australian Museum might work in partnership with them in their safeguarding efforts. Importantly, the forum allowed the interests of traditional knowledge holders to be considered and for a number of concerns to be noted. These concerns are also of significance for those working more broadly in the field of intangible cultural heritage and are reported below.


A new method is proposed based on the Tikhonov regularization principle and se-lected weight fitting thought and precisely known reference station coordinates,to work out the regularized matrix,which can mitigate the ill-condition of the normal matrix.The rela-tive float ambiguity can be computed only using several epochs ' data.Combined with the LAMBDA method,the new approach can fix the integer ambiguity correctly and quickly.Taking an example,using measured data sets coming from the four medium-long baselines,the new method can obtain the exact ambiguities only usingL1-frequency data of five epochs.Compared with the existing methods,the new method can solve the ambiguities of medium-long baseline GPS network RTK only usingL1-frequency GPS data reliably.In practice,it can save the cost for fast positioning by GPS and would be applied widely.


An assessment of the major fishery resources of Laguna de Bay was conducted in 1995-1996. The study covered the socio-economics of landed fish catch and inventory of fishing gears. The socio-economic survey covered 3,055 fishermen; 87.5% were full-time workers and the rest were part-time. The total fishing effort exerted in the open waters of Laguna de Bay was 10,653,220 hours with a catch per unit effort of 0.25 kg h -1 . The total fish production was 8,146 and 2,668 metric tons in 1995 and 1996, respectively. The catch mainly consisted of 13 species and was made with 20 gear types. Among the gear types, the gill net, fish corral, motorized push net, fyke net, fish pot, fish trap, and manual seine with fish shelter were considered major gear.


Since the release of Half Life (1998), first-person perspective games can be seen to drive towards an unbroken immersive experience, with fewer breaks from real-time delivery. Simultaneously, a move towards ever greater complexity and depth of game content can be seen, although the basic ludic structure of the genre has remained relatively unchanged. A discontinuity is thus established which places pressure upon the homodiegetic devices used to deliver an immersive experience. In this paper, the concept of affordances is used to illustrate the essential ludic structure of first person gaming, and ludodiegesis, a concept used to understand homodiegetic devices as means of managing immersion, is introduced to offer examples of how this discontinuity can be effectively managed.


There are serious grow in the number of mobile devices industry, where each year large companies such as apple and Galaxy introduce new mobile devices and tablets (McGuirk et al). Recently, in September 2015, apple just releases a new version of its iPhon's series called iPhone 6 (Apple, 2014). Such growth cause large, medium and even small companies to think about developing applications for those mobile devices. Clearly, companies should know the different between developing a native mobile application that is install from big online market such as Apple Store or Google Play, web application which should be render in the mobile device browser or hybrid mobile application which is a gather some characteristics from both previous ones. Enlighten the organizations with available options would certainly help them to pursue the right choice.


This article discusses Castanea resources in the Dandong region of China. These resources include Dandong Chestnut, Japanese Chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.), Korean Chestnut and Chinese Chestnut (C. mollissima Bl.). Dandong is the most northerly region of chestnut cultivation in China. The climate is cold and the chestnut is easily frozen. Through years of investigation and experimentation, we have developed a series of solutions that not only do no harm to the environment and consumers, but also keep the taste and the nutrition of chestnut. These solutions are Regional Layout, Ecological Chestnut Orchards, Cultivation of Improved Varieties, Normalized Management and Ecological Pest Control.


The mechanisms of the formation of acrylamide in fried and oven-cooked foods were reviewed.The link of acrylamide in foods to the Maillard reaction and,in particular,to the amino acid asparagine has been a major step forward in elucidating the first feasible chemical route of formation during food preparation and processing.Other probable minor pathways have also been proposed,including acrolein,acrylic acid,3-aminopropionamide and pyruvic acid.These are expected to provide scientific knowledge that will help to carry out studies to restrain or eliminate the acrylamide in foods.


The invention provides a pixel structure and manufacture method thereof. The pixel structure comprises a substrate and pixel units on the substrate. Each of the pixel unit comprises a pixel circuit structural layer, a pixel definition layer, a pixel electrode, inorganic LED subpixel and a first OLED subpixel. The pixle circuit structural layer is formed on the surface of the substrate; the pixel definition layer is formed on the pixel circuit structural layer and has a first opening and a second opening; the pixel electrode is disposed in the first and second openings and electrically connected with the pixle circuit structural layer; the inorganic LED subpixel comprises an ahesion layer, a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer; the first OLED subpixel comprises a first transmission layer and a second transmission layer; beam emitted by the inorganic LED subpixel has a different color from that of beam emitted by the first OLED subpixel. The pixel structure can solve problems that blue light OLED subpixel has a relatively low luminous efficiency, and that red light OLED has a relatively low luminous efficiency after miniaturation.


16 pairs of friction of hip prostheses have been studied in biological environment and dry friction conditions. In samples with a polyethylene liner the strength of adhesive bonds and the coefficient of friction were minimal in terms of the biological environment and increased at dry friction. In samples with a metal liner a friction coefficient reached the maximum value in a biological environment and reduced at dry friction. Optimal pairs of friction were "oxinium-polyethylene" and "aluminum ceramics-polyethylene" with the head of larger diameter (32mm), which showed a minimal coefficient of friction (0.009... 0.010), the lowest strength of adhesive bonds (0.2 MPa) and the lowest rate of hardening these bonds (0.006... 0.008).


The corrosion behavior of Metal Evaporated (ME) and Metal Particle (MP) media in a mixed corrosive gas environment was studied using microscopic techniques. Combined AFM and MFM studies showed severe corrosion of ME tape. Auger and EDAX spectroscopic studies showed that corrosion products were chlorine and Ni. MP tape was round to be more corrosive environment. Nodules that grew on tape represented a loss of magnetic moment added to spacing loss.


1. The Objects of Social Investigation 2. Freedom and Law 3. The Real Will 4. The Will of the State 5. Varying Applications of the Metaphysical Theory


Intercritically annealed steels, such as dual-phase steels, have found widespread use in automotive structural components due to their high strength and ductility. Elements such as Mn, Al and Si, added to improve the mechanical properties are selectively oxidized during heat treatment and limit the ability of the alloy to be reactively wet during continuous hot-dip galvanizing. Subsequently, a limit has been placed on the amount of alloy which can be used if the steel is to be subsequently galvanized. The specifics of this limit have not been explored in detail, nor has the mechanism of decreased wettability been well demonstrated in the literature other than to say that the galvanizing reaction is limited by oxides on the surface. Using a force balance, it is shown that the presence of MnO on the surface of steels greatly reduces the wettability with a typical galvanizing bath (Zn-0.2wt%Al, Fe-saturated, 460oC). Furthermore, it was determined that this is caused by the additional and rate-limiting step of aluminothermic reduction of the oxide layer with the bath Al, required for subsequent inhibition layer formation. By using a low p02 during annealing, the wettability was improved by reducing the thickness of the MnO layer when compared to intermediate and industrially common values of p02 • Using a high p02 also resulted in improved wettability since the internal oxide which was formed did not reduce the wettability since it was not exposed to the bath alloy. Improvements in hardenability were also explored via dilatometry showing that the formation of bainite is delayed with increasing Mn content, as well as a decrease in transformation temperatures from 1 during cooling (i.e. Ms and B8 ). At .-v5wt% Mn, only the the transformation to aM could be observed. This opens the door to higher strength, galvanized steels as well as possibly galvanized martensitic steels.


Having paid considerable attention to the Molluscan Fauna
of Tasn1ania during the last 30 years, it is my intention,
from time to time, to give to the Royal Society of Tasmania
the benefit of my investigations. I now send my first paper
on Trochidae and other Genera of Mollusca. Part 1."The coast of Tasmania is rich in Trochidae."
The Rev. tenison-woods appears to have done some good work in the recent species in his Census in the Proc. of the Society, 1877, published 1878. Some of the species are incorrectly identified.
List of species and descriptions and localaties of Trochidae.


This paper focuses on the discrepancy that may occur between finite element modelling (FEM) and on-site strain measurements. This is based on practical experience the from assessment of the Forsmo Bridge; a 263 m long and 50 m high riveted steel-truss-arch railway bridge completed in 1912. The three-dimensional FE-modelling is described and typical problems are outlined. Results from strain-gauge measurements are included. The FE-model is updated and lessons learned are described. Recommendations for modelling are given and it is concluded that on-site measurements and model updating can be crucial for assessment of sufficient accuracy.


The PMD mitigation scheme of forward-error correction (FEC) and distribution fast polarization scrambler (D-FPS) is worked out. For investigating the effect of the D-FPSs, the simulation model of FPS is proposed in this paper.


The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a precise and versatile genetic tool used to induce site-specific manipulation in the targeted gene. This study elaborates on the strategy to select the gRNAs targeting the oil palm phytoene desaturase ( EgPDS ) gene, which complements CRISPR-GE and sequence analysis. Sixty-one gRNAs were selected from 167 gRNA candidates generated by the CRISPR-GE tool. These gRNA candidates were further analysed to meet the specific criteria, including the guanine (G) and cytosine (C) content of 35%-60% and the presence of preferable gRNA features. From 61 gRNAs, seven gRNAs were selected, which represent three different parts of the EgPDS gene in the genome. The efficiency of each gRNA candidate to cause cleavage on the target gene was confirmed by in vitro cleavage analysis. All seven gRNA candidates were then cloned into the pYLsgRNA-OsU6 cassette before being incorporated seamlessly into the final transformation vector, pYLCRISPR/Cas9P35S-H, via Gibson assembly. Three CRISPR/Cas9 transformation vectors targeting the EgPDS gene, namely pYLEgPDS1-35S-H, pYLEgPDS2-35S-H and pYLEgPDS3-35S-H, were successfully constructed. These constructs will be transformed into oil palm protoplasts via polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation and subsequently into oil palm embryogenic calli via biolistic and Agrobacterium mediated transformation to determine the efficacy of the multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 system in oil palm genome. in vitro cleavage assay, oil palm, phytoene desaturase.


This chapter attempts to examines the relationship between economic reform and changes in people-management in three Asian Socialist Economies, China and Vietnam, both in the transitional stage, as compared with North Korea which has yet to open itself up to the forces of globalization. We explore their comparable and contrasting experiences. Where applicable, the analysis examines the employment relations and HRM systems of the respective countries.


This paper investigates the code-switching behaviour of two native speaker teachers teaching their mother tongue – French and Korean, respectively – to predominantly English monolingual students in New Zealand secondary schools. A close analysis of these teachers' classroom discourse and their perceptions about classroom language use reveals a range of factors which, in spite of their proficiency, constrain their use of the target language (TL) for teaching purposes. While the individual teachers' attitude toward TL use appeared to be the main determinant of their differing degrees of TL use for instruction, there were also institutional and societal factors which influenced the way they constructed their bilingual identities and manifested in different patterns of language choice. These factors included the status of the TL within the educational system, and the pervasive presence of English as the convenient vehicle for message conveyance in the wider context. Implications are drawn for teacher training and language policy.


Acute hyperleukocytic leukemia (AHL) refers to acute leukemia patients whose peripheral white blood cell count(WBC) is more than 100×109/L. It is called hyperleukocytosis (HL), when peripheral WBC is more than 100×109/L. It is common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). AHL has a rapid onset, rapid progress, high early mortality and poor prognosis, which is a critical disease in hematology department. Because of its complications such as leukostasis, tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), patients′ lives are threatened and need urgent intervention. Therefore, how to reduce the early mortality of patients with AHL is an important research topic. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of AHL, especially the current treatment options.

Key words:
Leukocytosis; Leukemia; Tumor lysis syndrome; Acute hyperleukocytic leukemia; Lyperleukocytosis; Early mortality; Epidemiologic studies; Leukostasis


A new kind of tyre stud has been developed in Finland by neste Ltd. Pavement wear caused by the new stud is only half of that of the currently used conventional studs. Friction properties of the new stud on ice, however, are about the same as those of the conventional studs. A calculation was carried out on how the replacement of the present studs with the new studs in cars would affect the running costs of road traffic. The costs in question included vehicle costs, time costs, accident costs, paving costs, deicing costs and other costs of the road keeper. Also environmental effects were considered. Annual savings of 118-139 million fim would be achieved by the introduction of the new stud, if the rut depth criterions for repaving were not altered. The largest savings would be won in paving costs (about 90 million fim) and fuel and tyre costs (about 20 million fim). Total accident costs would change only little. The number of accidents on new pavements would decrease, but on the other hand the number of wet weather accidents would increase. If the amount of money used for repaving would remain unaltered, the rut depths used as a repaving criterion could be decreased by about 20% through the introduction of the new stud. This would mean that the main roads would be repaved twice as often as presently. The total running costs of road traffic would then decrease by 11-43 million fim. Fuel, tyre and time costs would decrease. Accident costs in good road and weather conditions would increase due to higher speeds resulting from lower average rut depths. Accident costs on wet, icy and snowy roads on the other hand would decrease due to lower rut depths, but on the other hand increase due to diminishing road surface roughness. (TRRL)


An improved modified kraft cooking process consists of an initial vapor-phase stage followed by a liquor-phase stage. All sulfide is charged at the beginning of the vapor-phase stage, while alkali is divided between the two stages. Using this cooking technique, the effect of added polysulfide was studied. The increase in yield at a given kappa number was found to be univocally determined by the concentration of polysulfide in the initial phase of the cook (...)


A novel shallow buried channel gated BJT has been fabricated on SIMOX wafers. The fabrication is simple and highly compatible with a typical SOI CMOS process flow. The device has low turn-on voltage, ideal BJT I-V characteristics with current gain higher than 1000, and 1.5 times better transconductance and current drive than a SOI NMOS of the same dimensions. Careful measurements show that the buried channel device has a noise performance an order of magnitude better than a surface channel gated BJT. This device is suitable for low power applications, especially those with both analog and digital elements.<<ETX>>


The logging responses to complex gas reservoir with low porosity and low permeability are not obvious,so it is difficult to evaluate the gas reservoir with conventional logging data and methods.So a new method that is validated by numerical calculations is introduced in this paper.The reservoir is modeled by isotropic porous medium based on Biot and homogenization theories,and the propagation characteristics of the mode waves excited by the multipole sources(dipole and quadrupole)in a fluid-filled borehole are numerically simulated.The results show that the attenuation of mode waves is more sensitive to the reservoir pore parameters than the phase velocity;and the sensitivity of the attenuation to the gas saturation can be improved with the increase of the multipole series or the excitation frequency.It is much better to apply the attenuation coefficient than the phase velocity in identifying gas reservoir.


Osteoblasts mediate bone formation. There are varieties of systemic and local factors participating in regulation of osteoblast activities. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of such critical factors. Previous studies have shown that NO precondition can protect hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and neural cells from stress-induced insults. Meanwhile, the effects of NO on oxidative stress-induced injuries are still unknown. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of NO pretreatment on oxidative stress-induced osteoblast apoptosis and its possible signal-transducing mechanisms using neonatal rat calvarial osteoblasts as the experimental model. Our results revealed that exposure of osteoblasts to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at a low concentration of 0.3 mM increased cellular NO levels without affecting cell viability. However, when the concentration reached a high concentration of 2 mM, SNP increased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and induced osteoblast injuries. Thus, administration of 0.3 and 2 mM SNP in osteoblasts was respectively used as sources of NO and oxidative stress. Pretreatment with NO for 24 h ameliorated the oxidative stress-caused morphological alterations and alkaline phosphatase activity decreases, and reduced cell death in osteoblasts. Oxidative stress induced osteoblast death via an apoptotic mechanism, but NO pretreatment protected osteoblasts against the toxic effects. The mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced following exposure to the oxidative stress. However, pretreatment with NO significantly lowered the suppressive effects. Oxidative stress increased cellular Bax protein production and cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Pretreatment with NO decreased oxidative stress-caused augmentation of Bax and cytochrome c protein levels. In parallel with cytochrome c release, oxidative stress induced caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Pretreatment with NO reduced the oxidative stress-enhanced caspase-3 activation and DNA damage. Results of this study show that NO pretreatment can protect osteoblasts from oxidative stress-induced apoptotic insults. The protective action involves a mitochondria-dependent mechanism. To further evaluate the molecular mechanisms of NO's protection against oxidative stress-induced apoptotic insults to osteoblasts, the protein translocation of Bax and Bcl-XL from the cytoplasm to mitochondria and their gene expressions were analyzed. The data showed oxidative stress increased the translocation of Bax protein from the cytoplasm to mitochondria but decreased Bcl-XL's translocation. Pretreatment with NO ameliorated the oxidative stress-induced modulation in translocation of Bax and Bcl-XL. RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses revealed that oxidative stress increased cellular Bax protein levels but did not affect the mRNA synthesis. Pretreatment with NO did not change Bax mRNA and protein syntheses but significantly lowered oxidative stress-caused increases in the protein levels. In comparison, oxidative stress decreased the levels of Bcl-XL mRNA and protein. After NO pretreatment, the oxidative stress-induced suppression in productions of Bcl-XL mRNA and protein reversed. In parallel with the effects of NO and oxidative stress on Bcl-XL expression, the synthesis of transcriptional factor GATA-3 mRNA and its nuclear level were decreased after administration of oxidative stress. Pretreatment with NO alleviated the suppressive effects. The results from EMSA analysis revealed that oxidative stress decreased the transactivation of nuclear extracts binding to GATA-3 DNA elements. Pretreatment with NO significantly lowered the suppressive effect. Application of GATA-3 siRNA decreased cellular GATA-3 protein levels and ameliorated NO-induced Bcl-XL mRNA synthesis. The NO-involved protection could be decreased after GATA-3 siRNA administration. Taken together, this study shows that pretreatment with NO can protect osteoblasts from oxidative stress-induced apoptotic insults through regulation of GATA-3-mediated bcl-xL gene expression as well as activation of the Bcl-XL/mitochondria/caspase protease pathway. After execution of this study, we have understood more about the molecular mechanisms of NO-participated regulation of osteoblast activities. This study is helpful to prevention and treatment of bone diseases.


kW 3GQ 2/70 high pressure water jet cleaning device was used to evaluate the erosion wear behavior of a general hydraulic concrete with or without steel fiber. The eroded worn surfaces of the concrete samples were observed with a scanning electron microscope, while the erosion wear mass loss of the samples determined with a procession balance. It has been found that the hydraulic concretes experienced severe erosion wear as impacted with high speed water jet containing sand. The erosion wear of the concrete is characterized by the cutting action of the hard particles along horizontal direction and that along vertical direction. The initiation and propagation of cracks near the defects in the concretes may lead to brittle fracture. The steel fiber is effective to increase the erosion wear resistance of the hydraulic concrete impacted by high speed water jet at a small angle.


Hand-mouth baby wet tissue of the present invention by following mass percent material composition:Cetylpyridinium Chloride 0.03~0.05%;Chlorhexidine digluconate 0.5~0.65%;Ethylhexyl glycerine 0.05~0.08%;Surplus is purified water.Because of Hand-mouth baby wet tissue of the present invention and its mild condition for the preparation method for being formulated liquid, and the pH value of whole solution is close with the pH value of purified water, gentle safety, the material and its component of selected formula each constituent of liquid are gently non-stimulated, and raw material is readily available, is cheap, the safety in utilization of Hand-mouth baby wet tissue is improved.


Silverleaf whitefly (SLW), Bemisia tabaci biotype B, is a major horticultural pest that costs Queensland vegetable growers millions of dollars in lost production and control measures each year. In the Bowen and Burdekin districts of North Queensland, the major cultivated SLW host crops are tomatoes, melons, green beans, pumpkins, eggplants, and cucumbers, which cover a total production area of approximately 6500 ha. Eretmocerus hayati, an effective SLW parasitoid, was imported into Australia by CSIRO in 2002 and released from quarantine in 2004. In 2006, DAFF established a mass-rearing unit for E. hayati at Bowen Research Station to provide E. hayati for release on vegetable farms within its SLW integrated pest management research program. A total of 1.3 million E. hayati were released over three seasons on 34 vegetable farms in the Bowen and Burdekin districts (October 2006 to December 2008). Post-release samplings were conducted across the release area over this time period with parasitism levels recorded in tomatoes, melons, beans, eggplants, pumpkins, and various SLW weed hosts. Sample data show that E. hayati established at most release sites as well as some non-release sites, indicating natural spread. Overall results from these three years of evaluation clearly demonstrated that E hayati releases played a significant role in SLW control. In most crops sampled, E hayati exerted between 30 and 80% parasitism. Even in regularly sprayed crops, such as tomato and eggplant, E. hayati was able to achieve an overall average parasitism of 45%.


Seismic reflection data correlated to five exploration wells along with geological, gravity, and magnetic data are used to construct the subsurface structure along an approximately 100 km wide corridor that traverses central Iraq in a SE-NW direction for a distance of about 500 km from Baghdad in the central part of Iraq to Dohuk near the Turkish border. This transect is one of few such transects that represents the Iraqi contribution to the Global Geoscience Transects (GGT) project. A strong reflector has been identified at a depth of about 10- 13 km. This reflector is believed to be the top surface of the crystalline basement. This seismic evidence finds support in the interpretation of gravity and magnetic data. The crystalline basement becomes shallower as the authors approach the Turkish border, until about 100 km from the border, and then becomes deeper again to subduct under the Anadolian plate. In central Iraq the basement also becomes deeper as they approach the Iranian border to subduct under the Iranian plate. It appears that the thickness of the crust varies between 35.5 km in the central part of Iraq and about 30.5 km near the Turkish border.


Objective To study the effect of sterile connection device(SCD)on blood component during white blood cell(WBC)filtering on blood component.Methods Collect 20 normal blood donor samples and store for 1 day,10 days,20 days and 30 days.Free hemoglobin and hemolysis were determined among sterile connection device group,traditional needle pricking group and controls.Compare the difference in three groups and correlation between sterile connection device group and traditional needle pricking group.Results There were no differences for free hemoglobin and hemolysis among sterile connection device group,traditional needle pricking group and controls(P0.05),and the correlation coefficient of hemolysis between sterile connection device and traditional needle pricking method were above 0.9.Conclusion There is no significant impact on blood component quality after tubing with sterile connection device and traditional needle pricking method.


Many current video surveillance cloud platforms are built based on Virtual Machine (VM) technology that usually induces the loss of service performance and brings some challenges in the service management agility. In addition, the efficient resource provisioning for the heterogeneous video services is also a challenging issue in such a dynamic and shared cloud environment. In this paper, we firstly design a novel video surveillance cloud platform that employs the lightweight container technology and is defined according to the ITU standards. Our platform can provide a flexible and reconfigurable video microservice management environment with the high service capacity. Secondly, we propose a predictive fine-grained resource provisioning approach that can periodically predict the future workload and perform the proactive resource supply for the video microservices in the cloud. Our approach utilizes the service similarity matching and the time-series nearest neighbor regression to efficiently predict the future resource requirements, and dynamically optimizes the usage of resources based on predictive results while ensuring quality of service. Finally, we implement the proposed platform, and conduct the extensive experiments. The experimental results indicate that the proposed solution provides the higher service deployment density, accurately predicts the resource demands and significantly improves the resource utilization.


In October 2008, the graduate programs in urban planning and design at the American University of Beirut (AUB) organized, with the International Institute for the Study of the Muslim World (ISIM, Leiden), their annual conference, City Debates, on the theme of 'Spaces of Faith and Fun'. Papers investigated the impacts of the socio-cultural dimensions of the Muslim public sphere upon the built environment, looking specifically at new urban and rural geographies of pious leisure in the Middle-East. This theme stems from ongoing research I am conducting with Lara Deeb, which theorizes transformations in the city induced by the leisure practices of politicized and educated pious middleclasses. These transformations take multiple forms in terms of new visual vocabularies, new leisure sites and new socio-spatial practices. They materialize changes in the economic, political, socio-cultural and geographical spheres beyond the scope of this discussion. City Debates documented these changes in the built and visual environment and examined their impacts on city-making, society and politics. City Debates started from the assumption that religion is a social practice embedded in cultural, historical and political-economic contexts, and an interpretative process based on multiple understandings that depend on global and local dialectics, class, gender and individual morality and disposition (Asad, 1993; Ismail, 2004, among others). Political Islam has led to the consolidation of the process whereby the educated, professional, pious middle classes appropriate urban and rural spaces, and determine new market demands (Brenner, 1998; Eickelman, 2000). Urban neighborhoods and rural landscapes have been reshaped by Muslim entrepreneurs and the norms and values of pious publics (Gole, 2000; Haenni, 2005).Yet we still know little about how spaces shape and are shaped by pious morality practices. Geographers of religion have begun to address that lacuna. Kong (2001) argues for an investigation of the spatiality of religion that combines the poetic and political, anchored in studies of gender, race, class and transnational flows (see also Holloway and Valins, 2002). In this spirit, City Debates 2008 explored spatially the relationship of faith and fun, investigating the production and transformation of the religious in the built and imagined landscapes. Adding to these frameworks, the conference moved beyond the sacred to address the relationship of leisure to morality and investigate moral geographies in relation to processes of identity formation, as well as socio-spatial


During this economic recession, it feels as if the entire country is suffering from an "adjustment disorder with anxiety and dysphoria." I don't want to depress you further, but doesn't it seem that psychiatry is having its own recession, reflected in our profession's collective psyche? Despite breathtaking discoveries in neuroscience, clinical advances are stalling because of a "perfect storm" of setbacks for our profession. For example: [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] * Second-generation "atypical" antipsychotics seem to be falling from grace after several effectiveness studies denigrated them for metabolic side effects and claimed they are not more efficacious than the older generation agents. Disillusionment followed. * Hopes for a new generation of glutamatergic antipsychotics were dashed when clinical trials failed to show that a novel metabotropic glutamate partial agonist was superior to placebo. * A palpable "funk" prevails as clinicians yearn for better antidepressants, with a more rapid onset of action, antisuicidal efficacy, and minimal side effects. The wait continues. * The media and idealistic crusaders criticize off-label prescribing, without knowing that 85% of psychiatric diagnoses in DSM-IV-TR have no approved medications. Because symptoms of many psychiatric disorders overlap, we try to relieve patients' suffering by prescribing medications that are FDA-approved for other indications. When it comes to off-label prescribing, it seems we're damned if we do and damned if we don't. * Relentless demonization of pharmaceutical companies has made them the whipping boy for corporate America. No wonder they are downsizing and investing less in drug research and development; the return on their investments has become unpredictable. No one else develops new psychiatric drugs, so our patients will suffer if the pharmaceutical slump worsens. * Academic researchers have been publicly "tarred and feathered" for collaborating with and advising pharmaceutical companies (such as in conducting FDA clinical trials) because they--like researchers in other fields--receive consulting income from those companies. This perception that any link with the "evil" pharmaceutical companies is a major sin has cast a pall over vital academic-industry collaborative research to develop new drug treatments for severe and disabling psychiatric disorders. * Even the American Psychiatric Association (APA) is under enormous stress. …


Taking the Huanren drinking water sources protection area as the study area,the paper surveys quantitatively the present situation of land use and land cover in the protection area and discusses the pollution characteristic and distribution of the water sources by using the remote sensing images interpretation and analysis technology with the remote sensing images comes from the high spatial resolution remote sensing satelliteGF-1.The research result would provide technical guidance for the achieving standard construction assessment of drinking water sources safety assurance and relative works.


The purpose of this study was to determine whether nonnative speakers of English have access to specifically-linguistic constraints governing past tense morphology. Forty non-native speakers of English rated the naturalness of 29 exocentric, or headless, verbs in a partial replication of Kim, Pinker, Prince, and Prasada (1991) which looked at the same phenomenon in native speakers. Nonnative speaker performance was similar to the 40 subject native speaker control group. A correlation also existed between length of residence and subject ratings. The results imply that non-native speakers have access to the rules governing past tense morphology although not as completely as native speakers.


We have shown previously that protein kinase A (PKA) subunit levels are regulated by activation of PKA or protein kinase C (PKC) in anterior pituitary cells. GnRH also influenced PKA subunit levels, suggesting that hormonal regulation occurs in gonadotrophs, and therefore, we have reexamined this question using the clonal gonadotrope-derived cell line (αT3–1 cells). Western blot analysis, using specific immunoaffinity purified immunoglobulins, revealed expression of catalytic (Cat) and regulatory type I (RI) and type II (RII) subunits of PKA in these cells. Activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) with forskolin, or of PKC with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA), caused a rapid (detectable at 0.5–1 h) and concentration-dependent loss of all PKA subunits. Forskolin (10–100 μm) reduced Cat and RI by 60% and RII by 30%, whereas TPA (0.1–1 μm) reduced Cat and RII by 50% and RI by 40%. Simultaneous activation of PKA and PKC caused the expected dose-dependent reductions in Cat, and the effects of forskolin or TPA w...


Abstract Formerly landlocked Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) juveniles (age 2) were monitored following release into the free-flowing Cowlitz River to determine if they remained in the river or resumed seaward migration. Juvenile Coho Salmon were tagged with a radio transmitter (30 fish) or Floy tag (1050 fish) and their behavior was monitored in the lower Cowlitz River. We found that 97% of the radio-tagged fish remained in the Cowlitz River beyond the juvenile outmigration period, and the number of fish dispersing downstream decreased with increasing distance from the release site. None of the tagged fish returned as spawning adults in the 2 y following release. We suspect that fish in our study failed to migrate because they exceeded a threshold in size, age, or physiological status. Tagged fish in our study primarily remained in the Cowlitz River, thus it is possible that these fish presented challenges to juvenile salmon migrating through the system either directly by predation or indirectly by competition for food or habitat. Given these findings, returning formerly landlocked Coho Salmon juveniles to the free-flowing river apparently provided no benefit to the anadromous population. These findings have management implications in locations where landlocked salmon have the potential to interact with anadromous species of concern.


The paper describes the calculation of input parameters for static strength analysis or generative design of the steering knuckle of a Formula Student race car. The initial data were: overall and mounting dimensions of the rim and tire, hub and brake disk, the magnitude of the force acting on the contact patch of the wheel with the road, the magnitude of the sliding friction force between the brake disk and brake pads, the force acting on the tie rod attachment, the location coordinates ball joint mounts and brake caliper. During the calculations, bearings were selected and forces on the coordinate axes were calculated, which must be applied to the part to simulate work loads. The calculation was performed by static methods. As a result, six load cases were obtained, simulating work in right and left turns with oversteer and understeer, as well as work during braking with maximum negative acceleration. Also, a 3D model of the steering knuckle was built, which has excessive strength (factor of safety is higher than 6). Padding values of the unchangeable areas have been defined, that prevent the generative design algorithm from subtracting material from important structural features of the part. The offset values were verified using additional finite element calculations.


A new silkworm hybrid, Chunhua × Qiushi, was evaluated by the provincial laboratories and countryside. The results indicated that cocoon and cocoon shell output per 10000 larvae, the length of non-broken cocoon filament and reelability increased 7.6%, 3.3%, 11.6% and 13.7% respectively; the neatness was higher 2.75 cents; the raw silk rate slightly declined and no significant difference in the other economic characters compared with the control hybrid, Qingsong × Haoyue, in spring.Its cocoon and cocoon shell weight per 10000 larvae, the length of non-broken cocoon filament, reelability and raw silk rate increased by 6.9%,6.4%,16.3%,9.7% and 4.1%, and the other characters were similarity compared with the controlled hybrid Qiufeng × Baiyu in autumn. The results of rural production evaluation in two years showed that the cocoon output, the production value, the production value of per 50 kg mulberry leaves, the cocoon filament length, the length of non-broken cocoon filament, the reelability, and raw silk rate of dried gross cocoon increased by 5.3%,4.7%,3.5%, 8.1%, 13.0%, 3.8% and 2.9%,respectively compared with the control hybrids.


Two types of 500-V double-gate lateral N-ch bipolar-mode MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor), fabricated on dielectrically isolated p/sup -/ and n/sup -/ silicon islands, were compared. It was found that electrical characteristics for devices on p/sup -/ silicon islands are superior to those of counterpart devices on n/sup -/ silicon islands. It was also shown that double gate operation improves the device tradeoff relation, realizing 200-ns fall time and 0.075- Omega cm/sup 2/ on-resistance-area product. The devices were passivated by SIPOS resistive field plates, which allow series connection by metal interconnection layers without breakdown voltage reduction.<<ETX>>


This study focusses on the relationship between social assistance and personal social
services on the one hand and various forms of social insurance on the other hand.
During the period the expressed objective was in both nations to replace the Poor
Law with insurance, leaving only a small last resort assistance scheme. While
Norway continued the pre-war practice of breaking down the Poor Law "from
without" through the gradual extension of insurance, Britain attempted a more
immediate transition through the creation of a universal National Insurance and a
National Assistance freed from the cash-care multifunctional nature of the Poor
Law.
The comparison of the ensuing development rests on two postulates. First,
Norwegian social insurance will be seen to have experienced a more favourable
development in terms of coverage and levels of benefits. Second, in the case of
assistance the Norwegian scheme covered a decreasing proportion of the population
with a service bearing strong resemblance to those of the Poor Law. Britain, by
contrast, experienced a growth in the number covered by assistance, in terms of
numbers as well as need categories. The services obtained bear, however, less
resemblance to the Poor Law compared to their Norwegian counterpart. For both
nations it will be hypothesised that the scope and nature of assistance can be largely
explained by the development of social insurance.
The findings will be discussed in relation to Titmuss' models of welfare. The
hypothesis is that while Norway on the whole has reached an income maintenance
closer to the institutional model compared to Britain, a paradox emerges when we
see that Norway also features a more residual assistance in comparison to services
offered to equivalent groups in the UK. These findings are also discussed in
relation to theories about the social division of welfare as well as different
interpretations of determinants of welfare.
The study is in two parts: Institutional and residual welfare. In the first we analyse
first the emergence of the models of insurance in the two countries and, second, the
1946-1966 development of old age and disability pensions. The second part focusses
on assistance and the changing nature of social work in the local authority personal
social services.


Andre E. Punt1*, M. S. M. Siddeek2, Brian Garber-Yonts3, Michael Dalton3, Louis Rugolo3, Diana Stram4, Benjamin J. Turnock3, and Jie Zheng2 School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, WA, USA Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, PO Box 115526, Juneau, AK 99811-5526, USA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Building 4, Seattle, WA 98115, USA North Pacific Fishery Management Council, 605 W. 4th Avenue, Suite 306, Anchorage, AK 99501, USA *Corresponding author: tel: +1 206 2216319; fax: +1 206 6857471; e-mail: email@example.com


We present a large high-resolution study of the distribution and evolution of C iv absorbers, including the weakest population with equivalent widths . By searching 369 high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra of quasars at from Keck/HIRES and VLT/UVES, we find 1268 C iv absorbers with Å (our ∼50% completeness limit) at redshifts . A Schechter function describes the observed equivalent width distribution with a transition from power-law to exponential decline at . The power-law slope α rises by ∼7%, and the transition equivalent width W ⋆ falls by ∼20% from to 3.6. We find that the comoving redshift path density, , of Å absorbers rises by ∼1.8 times from z ≃ 4.0 to 1.3, while the Å rises by a factor of ∼8.5. We quantify the observed evolution by a model in which decreases linearly with increasing redshift. The model suggests that populations with larger thresholds evolve faster with redshift and appear later in the universe. The cosmological Technicolor Dawn simulations at z = 3–5 overproduce the observed abundance of absorbers with while yielding better agreement at higher . Our empirical linear model successfully describes C iv evolution in the simulations and the observed evolution of Å C iv for the past . Combining our measurements with the literature gives us a picture of C iv absorbing structures becoming more numerous and/or larger in physical size over the last of cosmic time (z ∼ 6–0).


Abstract Engraved designs on French Jesuit finger rings from 14 historic sites of the Great Lakes area and the Mississippi Valley were examined. The wide variety of decorative motifs appearing on these rings is attributed to a stylistic drift occurring over a period of 60 yr. An estimated 95% of Jesuit ring designs from this area are traced to 3 prototypes. This paper demonstrates that rings with cast designs on round or oval bezels date between 1624 and 1700, while those with designs engraved on octagonal or heart-shaped bezels were current between 1700 and 1780. The process of stylistic drift and some of the variables conditioning the rate of style drift are considered.


Objectives There are few data on the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical activity among elderly individuals with pre-diabetes. This study aimed to determine if differences existed in HRQoL between individuals with pre-diabetes who were physically active compared with those who were physically inactive in rural China. Design, setting and participants A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the elderly (≧60 years) in rural communities in Yiyang City of China. Multistage cluster random sampling was carried out to select 42 areas, and interviews were conducted among 434 elderly individuals with pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes was screened using an oral glucose tolerance test. Main outcome measures The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire was used to measure HRQoL. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to test for differences in HRQoL between the physically active group and the inactive group. Results A total of 434 individuals with pre-diabetes were included in this study. The physical component summary (PCS) score of HRQoL was 42.1±10.2 and the mental component summary score was 46.4±8.9. A median total physical activity of 524 metabolic equivalent-min/week was reported. A significant MANCOVA model (Wilks' λ=0.962, F(2,423)=8.44, P<0.001) indicated that elderly individuals with pre-diabetes who were physically active reported higher PCS scores (Mdiff=5.2, P<0.001, effective size=0.47) compared with those physically inactive after adjusting for the following covariates: age, gender, marital status, education, smoking, chronic disease, body mass index and waist:hip ratio. Conclusions The HRQoL of elderly individuals with pre-diabetes is poor in rural China. These findings demonstrated that elderly individuals with pre-diabetes who were physically active had higher PCS scores than those who were physically inactive. Furthermore, these results support the rationale for developing a physical activity intervention for HRQoL of individuals with pre-diabetes. Trial registration number ChiCTR-IOR-15007033; Results.


Purpose: To evaluate the effect of physical and flexibility exercise on plasma levels of some liver enzymes and biomolecules of young Nigerian adults. Methods: Participants were subjected to a 2-h daily continuous physical and flexibility exercise for 6 weeks. Pre- and post-exercise blood samples were obtained and the effect of exercise on plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total protein, albumin and bilirubin, were determined. Results: AST and LDH values increased significantly (p ˂ 0.05) in males, while only AST values increased significantly (p ˂ 0.05) in females post-exercise. ALT, ALP, GGT and bilirubin values for both sexes were not significantly (p˃0.05) altered post-exercise. Post-exercise values of total protein and albumin decreased significantly (p ˂ 0.05) in males, but not in females. Conclusion: The 6-week physical and flexibility exercise did not substantially affect the plasma levels of some liver enzymes and the composition of other biomolecules. Keywords: Physical and flexibility exercise, Liver enzymes, Biochemical profile


A theory for mud sediments presumes a card-house model, where the platelets arrange themselves in a highly porous configuration; electrostatic forces prevent face-to-face contacts. The primary type of contact is where the edge of one platelet touches a face of another. Why such is not also prevented by electrostatic forces is because of van der Waals (vdW) forces between the molecular structures within the two platelets. A quantitative assessment is given of such forces, taking into account the atomic composition and crystalline structure of the platelets, proceeding from the London theory of interaction between non-polar molecules. Double-integration over both platelets leads to a quantitative and simple prediction for the potential energy of vdW interaction as a function of the separation distance, edge-from-face. At moderate nanoscale distances, the resulting force is attractive and is much larger than the electrostatic repulsion force. But, at very close (touching) distances, the intermolecular force ...


Normal aging is associated with a reduction in the probability that an auditory stimulus will evoke a K‐complex during sleep. Additional concomitants of aging are a reduction in the amplitude of the K‐complex‐related N550, an augmentation of the P2 component and the appearance of a long‐lasting positivity (LLP) in the auditory evoked potential. Normal aging is also associated with a dramatic reduction in slow wave sleep (SWS) and a reduction in the volume of cortical gray matter, particularly in the frontal and prefrontal regions of the brain. As in aging, alcoholism is associated with reductions in both cortical gray matter and SWS. It can, therefore, be hypothesized that alcoholics would show similar evoked potential changes to those seen in aging. To test this hypothesis, we studied seven middle‐aged abstinent long‐term alcoholics and eight age‐matched normal controls. Each subject spent one night in the laboratory. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded from six midline scalp sites and auditory stimuli were presented during stage 2 non‐rapid eye movement sleep. N550 amplitude in the K‐complex average was lower in the alcoholics as compared with controls as was the likelihood of K‐complex production. No differences were noted in either amplitude or latency of the P2 or N350 components, and both groups displayed a prominent LLP potential. The pattern of reduced K‐complex production and N550 amplitude in alcoholics as compared with age‐matched controls is consistent with an hypothesized association between atrophy of the frontal lobes and reductions in SWS and K‐complexes. The finding also suggests that the evoked K‐complex may be a relatively simple measure of the effect of alcoholism on EEG during sleep.


In association rule mining research,in order to reduce repeated computing and redundant candidate of algorithm when generating candidate frequent itemsets,and to reduce the time of repeated scanning of transaction database when computing support,an algorithm of association rule mining based on sequence number is presented,which is suitable for mining any long association rules.The algorithm uses Boolean reduction of transaction attributes to turn traditional transaction data into binary,and then uses two ways of number ascending and descending to double the search candidate frequent itemsets.The algorithm computes support by sequence number degree to realize database one scanning,thus enhancing its efficiency.The experimental data indicates that this algorithm is faster and more efficient than similar algorithms.


e18519 Background: Stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with visceral pleural invasion (VPI) is felt to be a high risk cancer that may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. We hypothesize that...


The article evaluates the extent to which Brazil's foreign policy actions, negotiating positions and diplomatic strategies in global governance institutions contribute to supporting its national interest and foreign policy aims. It compares Brazil's preferences and behaviour in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and Group of 20 (G20). For decades, Brazil's primary national interest has been national economic development. The article argues that Brazil is moving from a material interests based definition of its prime national interest to a more complex one that includes both material and prestige/status based aspects. Research demonstrates that Brazil has become increasingly focused on gaining recognition as a leader of developing countries, sometimes even at the cost of realising its full material interests. It considers the value of constructivist international relations theory to understanding Brazilian foreign policy.


Henrik Ibsen, the Norwegian playwright, was given to torrential discussion at his dinner table. At times, it is said, the waves of argument rose higher and higher, and disagreement grew so intense that Ibsen and his guests would all be speaking at once. At such times, Ibsen's wife had her own way of bringing them back to a sense of proportion. "Do pass the potatoes, Henrik," she would say, in a gentle voice. And Ibsen, just as gently, would pass them.
 Perhaps, at this stage in our educational development, it is time for someone to say, "Do pass the potatoes."


The electrical, magnetic, and structural properties of Sr$_3$(Ru$_{1-x}$Mn$_x$)$_2$O$_7$ (0 $\leq x \leq$ 0.2) are investigated. The parent compound Sr$_3$Ru$_2$O$_7$ is a paramagnetic metal, critically close to magnetic order. We have found that, with a Ru-site doping by only a few percent of Mn, the ground state is switched from a paramagnetic metal to an antiferromagnetic insulator. Optical conductivity measurements show the opening of a gap as large as 0.1 eV, indicating that the metal-to-insulator transition is driven by the electron correlation. The complex low-temperature antiferromagnetic spin arrangement, reminiscent of those observed in some nickelates and manganites, suggests a long range orbital order.


The article is devoted to the use of automatic control in the process equipment system. The purpose of the work is the production line automation for the manufacture of the largest number of finished products. The practical significance is to ensure full automation of bottling and speed up the process.

Keywords
reactor, bottling line, plugging, conveyor, control system automation


Insight into biosynthetic pathways in the human microbiome can provide details of host–microbe interactions and beneficial symbiosis. In this report, the structure and function of a key bond-forming enzyme in the biosynthesis of the human genotoxin colibactin is presented.


We determine the universal localization RΓ(S) at certain semiprime ideals S of a Noetherian ring R that is a finite extension of its center. For this class of semiprime ideals, RΓ(S) is Noetherian, which need not be true in the general case. Throughout this note, R will denote an associative ring with identity, and S will denote a semiprime right Goldie ideal of R. (That is, R/S is a semiprime right Goldie ring.) The study of the universal localization RΓ(S) of R at S was initiated by P. M. Cohn in [6] in the Noetherian case, and continued by the first author (in [1], [2], and [3]) and by others. We note that Goldie's localization, defined and studied in [9] and [10] for Noetherian rings, is a homomorphic image of the universal localization (see [2]). The major results in this paper are based on results in [13], the second author's dissertation. The description of RΓ(S) when R is a finite extension of its center depends on the seminal work of B. J. Mueller in [15]. For any ideal I of R, the set of elements c ∈ R that are regular modulo I will be denoted by C(I). For any positive integer n, let Γn(S) denote the set of all matrices C such that C belongs to the n× n matrix ring Mn(R) and the image of C in Mn(R/S) is a regular element. This will be abbreviated by saying that C is regular modulo S. The union over all n > 0 of Γn(S) will be denoted by Γ(S). Following Cohn, the universal localization RΓ(S) of R at S is defined to be the universal Γ(S)-inverting ring. That is, RΓ(S) satisfies the following conditions: there is a ring homomorphism λ : R→ RΓ(S) under which each element of Γ(S) is invertible, and for any Γ(S)-inverting ring homomorphism φ : R → T there exists a unique ring homomorphism θ : RΓ(S) → T with φ = θλ, as in the following diagram.


Based on the actual situation of teachers' educational technical ability training in Pudong New Area, the three-dimensional construction of "training, research and practice" is built up from the three aspects of planning, following research and practice. In the training process, the culture of cooperation, practice, reflection and improvement enable the teachers to get fresh experience which is close to their daily routine and let the teachers learn "meso-design" to improve their classroom teaching, thus achieving the development of teachers' educational technical ability.


This reports describes experiments conducted at the High-Speed Jet Facility at the University of Southern California on supersonic jets. The goal of the study was to develop methods for controlling the noise emitted from supersonic jets by passive and/or active means. Work by Seiner et al (1991) indicates that eddy Mach wave radiation is the dominant noise source in a heated high speed jet. Eddy Mach radiation is caused by turbulent eddies traveling at supersonic speed in the shear layer of the jet. The convection velocity of the eddies decays with increasing distance from the nozzle exit due to the mixing of the jet stream with the ambient fluid. Once the convection speed reaches subsonic velocities, eddy Mach wave radiation ceases. To control noise, a rapid decay of the convection velocity is desired. This may be accomplished by enhanced mixing in the jet. In this study, small aspect ratio rectangular jet nozzles were tested. A flapping mode was noticed in the jets. By amplifying screech components of the jets and destabilizing the jet columns with a collar device, the flapping mode was excited. The result was a rapid decay of the jet velocity. A reduction in eddy Mach radiation in rectangular supersonic jets may be achieved with this device.


We generalized triangular fuzzy numbers from ℝ to ℝ 2 . By defining parametric operations between two α-cuts, which are regions, we obtained parametric operations for two triangular fuzzy numbers defined on ℝ 2 . We also generalized triangular fuzzy numbers from ℝ 2 to ℝ 3 . By defining parametric operations between two α-cuts, which are subsets of ℝ 3 , we derived parametric operations for two triangular fuzzy numbers defined on ℝ 3 . For the calculation of Zadeh's principle operators, the definition of parametric operations between two α-cuts, which are subsets of ℝ 3 , is critical.


Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of intravenous injection of erythromycin in the treatment of neonatal feeding intolerance. Methods One hundred neonates with feeding intolerance were randomly given conventional therapy alone(control group, n=50) or in combination with intravenous injection of erythromycin(observation group,n=50).The therapeutic efficacy,time to vomiting disappearance, gastric retention time, time to abdominal distension disappearance, time to complete gastrointestinal feeding and time to recovery to birth weight were recorded in both groups. Results Compared with control group, intravenous injection of erythromycin increased the total effective rate(92.0% vs 68.0%),decreased the gastric retention time, and shortened the time to vomiting disappearance, abdominal distension disappearance, complete gastrointestinal feeding and recovery to birth weight(all P 0.05).Conclusion Intravenous injection of erythromycin can effectively improve gastrointestinal function in neonates with feeding intolerance.


ABSTRACT IN a laboratory study, a sawdust mixed liquor was used to determine the effect of geometric screen opening on flow capacity and solids removal capacity. Results indicated that slots up to 180 mm long were superior to 6 mm round holes for maintaining flow capacity, but quality of screen effluent was not significantly affected. A follow-up field study showed that polyethylene slotted screens removed 74% more swine manure solids, were more resilient, were more corrosion resistant and were easier to maintain than metal slotted screens with zinc, polyurethane, epoxy, or conventional rust resistant paint coatings.


A news release about funding a pilot programme to help prevent youth homelessness in Pendle & other parts of Lancashire.


Purpose To investigate the effect of four kinds of environmental endocrine disruptors on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. Methods HUVEC cells were cultured in estrogen-free improved minimum essential medium and divided into several groups based on different treatments: control, 17β-estradiol (E_2)group, BPA group, ZEA group, NP group, and DEHP group. Absorbance value (AV) was determined at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h, and DNA proliferation index (PI) at 72 h. Additive effects of fulvesrant were also observed. Flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick endlabeling (TUNEL ) were employed to monitor cell apoptosis. Results At 24, 48 and 72 h, the AV of E_2, BPA, ZEA, NP, DEHP groups were 1.4-1.7 times of controls, respectively, and PI were 1.4-1.5 times of controls at 72 h. At the same time, the growth of cells was inhibited by fulvesrant despite the presence of E_2, BPA, ZEA, NP, and DEHP. Apoptosis cells were abundant in controls and fulvesrant groups, but little in E_2, BPA, ZEA, NP, and DEHP groups. Conclusions The four environmental estrogens can promote the proliferation of HUVEC cells, which is probably via estrogen receptor pathway or depressesed apoptosis.


ABSTRACT
 The current study deals with the critically endangered limpet Patella ferruginea (Gastropoda: Patellidae) endemic to the western Mediterranean. The species has been in decline since the early 20th century and is currently restricted to certain locations on the Iberian Peninsula, Corsica, Sardinia, and the North African coasts of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. Its large size and conspicuous shell often makes the species a target of human collection. We describe the results of temporal monitoring conducted on one of the remaining most important P. ferruginea populations in North Africa, and provide quantitative data on growth rates, natural mortality, and harvesting rates. The maximum collection rates were recorded during the summer months, when fishermen most attend the beach. This type of mortality mostly affected medium and large individuals, and increased natural mortality rates up to 37%. All results and previously available data were implemented for population viability analysis. We determined that the species is clearly overexploited in the study area, and may face local extinction within the next 20 y if harvesting activities are not controlled. Even though more precise predictions could be obtained by using a longer time series, our study is the first attempt to model the future viability of the species, and indicates the urgent need of establishing efficient protection measures.


Abstract : The transformation and sorption properties of lead (Pb) alkyls in the subsurface were determined to assist the Air Force in predicting the migration of, and risks associated with, Pb alkyls in soil and groundwater. Studies included Pb alkyl sorption/desorption in representative soils; sorption and degradation in soils of tetraethyl lead (TEL) in hexane and microemulsion phases; fate and transport of TEL in water-saturated sand and loam soil columns; fate and transport of triethyl lead (TREL) in water-saturated sand soil columns; impact of leaded gasoline in-water (LG/W) microemulsion flow on the transport of TEL, total Pb, and gasoline through a sand soil column; and biodegradation of Pb alkyls in soil samples in contact with aqueous solutions of Pb alkyls. jg p4


Professional women tend to interpret sex discrimination as a result of victimization against an individual rather than an assault against a minority group. A total of 140 women in engineering, science, and management completed a forced-choice questionnaire concerning the personal and professional treatment of women subjects by male and female professionals. Specific areas addressed included the informal division of daily management responsibilities, the allocation of power and opportunity as reflected in job assignments, and types and frequency of sexual harassment. The majority of women surveyed failed to acknowledge seximm/as debilitating. Specifically, they believed that social and legal remedies for sex discrimination have been achieved. Most felt they avoided discrimination by being professional, becoming "one of tho boys," and displaying a sense of humor about women's jokes. The achievement of equality for any group is contingent upon the recognition that the group as a whole is the object of discrimination and an understanding of the objective, ideological, and institutional character of oppression. However, the women surveyed held none of those perceptions and firmly denied the minority group status of women. (Author/KC) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by ORS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF Er 'CATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INF.ORMATION CENTER (ERIC) N4tHs doCunlent has been reproduced as recerved from the person or organization onginating d Mawr changes have been made to improve mproduCliort quality. Points of view Or opinions stated in this deco [tient do nOt necessarily represent official ME positron or Policy FORMS OF FALSE CONSCIOUSNESS AMONG PROFSSSIONAL WOMEN "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY, iefiziaret L4fon*.ile TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." Prepared for Delivery at the 77th Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association San Francisco, California


We propose a Bayesian model selection procedure for nonlinear regression models under noninformative prior. For informative prior, Na and Kim (2002) suggested the Bayesian model selection procedure through MCMC techniques. We extend this method to the case of noninformative prior. The difficulty with the use of noninformative prior is that it is typically improper and hence is defined only up to arbitrary constant. The methods, such as Intrinsic Bayes Factor(IBF) and Fractional Bayes Factor(FBF), are used as a resolution to the problem. We showed the detailed model selection procedure through the specific real data set.


Gambling on Ore: The Nature of Metal Mining in the United States, 1860-1910 Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2014. 252pp. 22 BW through diligent archival research, the author demonstrates how domestic copper production, thought by most to have been driven by the nation's rush toward electricity and telephone communication, was actually in over-abundance prior to electrical wire demand and was driven by accumulative conditions of speculation set forth by the other previously-mined native metals in the region, silver and gold. The message here is quite revealing, especially in an age of technologically-infused culture: the material inputs to society aren't simply sourced from the earth to meet a growing demand, rather the matter of nature is speculated upon, technological means for processing are developed, and ore is extracted all before a market exists for a metal. While the story of modern day metal markets remain much more complex and dependent, it's important to understand the historical conditions of speculation and the reproduction of nature that initially created an abundance of material before there ever was a large-scale industrial use. Indeed, this is the story of not only copper, but other former and current mainstays to our material culture sourced in the western United States, including mercury, borax, uranium, and rare earth elements.The economy of modern-day Montana can be traced to the discovery of its territorial mineral resources. As shown throughout the American West, from the development of the San Francisco Bay Area to the monumental tourism amongst the more rural setting of the Black Hills, the reproduction of material nature and culture in the region began by moving rocks. However, Curtis makes somewhat of a rhetorical shift, if not an all-out new argument, when he claims that use of the noun discovery creates a misconception about the causes of the 1860s Montana gold rush because it leads us to imagine the gold in place, positing knowledge of gold's presence. However, if the groups that occupied these regions knew the locations where gold was deposited, we would be writing a very different history. Instead the author highlights the irony that we only know how much gold was excavated because of the very act of mining. This might seem like a given, but there never was an a priori knowledge that creeks were rich in gold, rather placer mining created that knowledge. In turn, it led to the creation of social and political space: mineral claims and later mining districts with their accordant conflicts.In chapter one, Curtis tells the story of the brothers, James and Granville Stuart, who did more than anyone else in proto Montana to create space. In their individual and combined efforts to find new gulches to prospect, the majority of which were unsuccessful, the two learned that the real money in mining was in the speculation of real estate and sale of supplies. The eventual organization of the Bannack Mining District provided a quasi-authority that quelled criminal activity and afforded some protection for mineral claims, which in turn maintained space for ancillary land and material markets to function.Curtis points to a further contradiction underpinning the value and abundance of mined ore, which is something like a Hubbert's curve segmented by innovations in extraction and beneficiation processes. The contradiction is that, as activities of capital accumulation degrade nature, there becomes less capital to accumulate until eventually one has dug out the material inputs for their means of production from beneath their own feet. …


High glucosinolate(GS) content represents the good quality of turnip,which is strongly affected by the nitrogen and sulfate nutrition of turnip.In this paper,the effects of different application levels of N(80 kg/ha,160 kg/ha and 240 kg/ha,denoted by N1,N2 and N3) and S(10 kg/ha and 60 kg/ha,denoted by S1 and S2) on the composition and concentration of glucosinolate(GS)in turnip(cultivar: Baiyu) were studied using sand culture experiment and HPLC method.The results show that there are 7 kinds of glucosinolates in the shoots and 9 kinds of glucosinolates in the roots of 'Baiyu' turnip.The total content of glucosinolates in turnip shoots is 1.16 times of that in roots.The glucosinolate contents in the roots and shoots are increased with the increase of sulfur supply,and the ratio of indole glucosinolate to total glucosinolate is significantly increased with the increase of the nitrogen supply.The highest glucosinolates content is obtained in the N2S2 treatment.Glucosinolates content of turnip dependent on the balance of nitrogen and sulfur supply.


Potassium tantalum niobate (KTaxNb1-xO3, (KTN), where x = 0, 0.21, 0.36, 0.53, 0.74, 0.82, 0.86, and 1) thin films of perovskite structure were prepared by chemical solution deposition on Si and SiO2 glass substrates. A homogeneous and stable precursor solution was obtained by dissolving potassium, niobium and tantalum isobutoxides in absolute isobutanol and an addition of diethanolamine as a modifier. Optimum conditions for film preparation were found. Annealing temperature and heating regime, Al2O3 "chemical" buffer layer and KNbO3 seeding layer were the determining factors for film quality. It was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction that the films have desired pseudocubic perovskite structure. Infrared transmittance was measured for broad range of Ta/Nb ratios. The spectra show continuous transformation from KTaO3 to KNbO3 and indicate that the optical axis lies in the plane of the film.