Abstract This paper proposes reading the sense of senses in Maurice Merleau-Ponty's first work La Structure du comportement in view of positioning language as the sixth sense. La Structure du comportement precedes his best-known work Phénoménologie de la perception1 and shows in an exemplary way that language and expression are preceded by a sense of a whole in which the expression is placed. In his first book, Merleau-Ponty is heavily indebted to Gestalttheorie and he is preoccupied with the refutation of René Descartes. The sense of a whole, named form taken from Gestalt in this first book and later named chaire, serves for the refutation of Cartesian philosophy summarized in two points of Atomism and Dualism. La Structure du comportement focuses on gestures or bodily mobility as the pre-stage of perception, in which body and mind and also language are already blended. By examining symbols or naturally founded non-arbitrary signs from animals to man, Merleau-Ponty analyzes human language as symbols by referring to examples drawn from music, painting, and literature. In this sphere of symbols, philosophy and literature are identical but belong to a different whole or form.


This chapter offers an answer to the question: what is aesthetic value? It defends aesthetic empiricism: the view that the primary bearer of aesthetic value are experiences and that other things have aesthetic value in virtue of their capacity to provide aesthetically valuable experiences. By way of answering criticisms of this conception of aesthetic value, it argues that it is coherent, that it is grounded in the history of thought about the aesthetic, and that it does not succumb to counterexamples. The chapter concludes by looking at the idea that aesthetic value should be defined instead in terms of aesthetic properties and argues that defensible versions of such an approach are consistent with a definition in terms of aesthetic experience.


Ingestion of parathion produces catastrophic effects on mammals. Transformed into paraoxon, it inhibits acetylcholinesterase, producing acetylcholine accumulation. The distribution, orientation, and dynamics of parathion in different hydrophobic bilayer environments is interesting from both ecological and biological perspectives. A study of parathion-d4 dissolved in two nematic discotic lyotropic liquid crystals made of sodium and cesium decylsulfate (CsDS and NaDS)/decanol (10% 1,1-dideuterodecanol)/water (0.1% D2O)/M2SO4 (M = Na+, Cs+), is presented. Deuterium quadrupole splittings and relaxation times of all deuteriated species were measured. Parathion is strongly attached to both aggregates, increasing the alignment of CsDS and decreasing the alignment of NaDS. Molecular dynamics trajectories were calculated for both mesophases. CsDS appears more neutralized than NaDS. Despite the surface charge, parathion is associated to both aggregates, located near the interface, with the nitro group oriented to the headgroups and the ethoxy chains toward the hydrophobic core. When included in the CsDS interface, it stabilizes the system by shielding repulsive electrostatic interactions among headgroups. Included in NaDS, parathion induces an increase in the distance among counterions and sulfate headgroups, thus decreasing the degree of order.


The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfale (SDS) concentration on the efficiency of the photooxidation of Methyl Orange sensitized by tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) in the surfactant solution was investigated. It was found that the efficiency of the photooxidation is lower above the critical micelle concentration of SDS-TPP mixed solution (cmcmix) than below the cmc . By taking into consideration the formation of an oligomer complex between one TPP molecule and several SDS molecules below the cmc , it was possible to explain the relatively lower efficiency above the cmc in terms of the lower reactivity between singlet oxygen produced by the excited TPP and methyl orange (MO) in the less polar environment on the micellar surface.


This study aims to provide empirical evidence about the effect of the number of tourists on the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) with local original revenue (PAD) as a moderating variable. The population in this study was at the Regency or City Government in Bali from 2008 to 2017. The testing tools used were Partial Least Square analysis - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of this study prove that the number of tourists has a significant positive effect on the APBD with PAD as moderator. The number of tourists has a positive and significant effect on PAD, PAD has a positive and significant effect on the APBD. While the direct influence between the number of tourists to the APBD is not significant
Keywords: Number of tourists, PAD, APBD


altitude. And so for the first time humankind learned about the surface structure of the northern part of Venus over an area of 115 million km (25% of the Venus total surface). Unquestionably, this was an outstanding achievement. Several years later this research was continued in the USA during the Magellan mission, when they managed to obtain images of almost the entire surface of Venus with a spatial resolution of about 100 m. This mission was planned with the inclusion of the results of the Soviet space program. The results of the Venera-15 andVenera-16missions are described in greater detail in Ref. [19]. We emphasize that, apart from the radar survey itself, the radar data processing and the construction of planet images were also a problem. At that time, one of the most complicated operations was the Fourier analysis. The computers which were at the disposal of researchers were too weak to perform this operation in a reasonable time. It was not without reason that optical processors were still employed at that time to process the data from radars with synthetic aperture, in which the Fourier transform of a radar hologram was effected with a lens. The project participants devised and made a special-purpose Fourier processor which permitted increasing the SM-4 computer speed up to 5 10 operations per second by this algorithm and thereby performing the all-digital radar data processing and surface image construction. That was the USSR's first experience in the digital processing of radar image, which was subsequently taken into account in the production of the Almaz radar data processing programs.


This article first makes a case for the need to establish evaluation reporting standards, support for which is rooted in the growing demand for professionalization, in the growing metaevaluation literature, and in growing efforts to develop reporting standards for inquiry efforts. Then, a case is made for a particular set of such standards introduced in this article—the CHecklist for Evaluation-Specific Standards (CHESS). In doing so, this article outlines the process used and presents the resulting checklist and associated standards, which are defined as the minimum, evaluation-specific elements that must be reported to make judgments about the quality of the evaluation. This article also describes a few of the categories to offer illustrative information to help readers better understand and consider the usefulness of the proposed checklist. A discussion of CHESS, including challenges and next steps, is also included.


Purpose Formal overnight polysomnography (PSG) is required to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Most clinical guidelines do not recommend home-based tests for pediatric OSA. However, PSG is limited by feasibility, cost, availability, patient discomfort, and resource utilization. Additionally, the role of PSG in evaluating disease impact may need to be revised. There is a strong need for alternative testing that can stratify the need for PSG and improve the time to diagnosis of OSA. This narrative review aims to evaluate and discuss innovative approaches to pediatric SDB diagnosis. Findings Methods to evaluate pediatric SDB outside of PSG include validated questionnaires, single-channel recordings, incorporation of telehealth, home sleep apnea testing (HSAT), and predictive biomarkers. Despite the promise, no individual metric has been found suitable to replace standard PSG. In addition, their use in combination to diagnose OSA diagnosis still needs to be defined. Summary When combined with adjunct assessments, HSAT advancements may accurately evaluate SDB in children and thus minimize the need for overnight in-laboratory PSG. Further studies are required to confirm diagnostic validity vis-à-vis PSG as a reference standard.


Background: Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are one of the most common congenital anomalies worldwide. The purpose of the present study is to identify the incidence of different types of OFCs and the presence of known risk factors among cleft cases in the Pakistani population. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at a comprehensive cleft care center, and data were collected from patient files from December 2018 to July 2021. Only cases of cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) that presented to center were included. SPSS was used for data analysis, and risk factors associated with OFCs were identified. Results: The study included 1269 patients with CL/P. Of the total, 677 (53.3%) patients had cleft lip with cleft palate, 211 (16.6%) had cleft lip only, and 365 (28.7%) had cleft palate only. Bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (n = 276) was most common among the participants followed by midline incomplete cleft palate (n = 215). One hundred and six (8.3%) of the cases were syndromic, and among the remaining nonsyndromic cases, 240 (18.9%) had other associated anomalies. Chi-square tests revealed the following risk factors for CL/P: consanguinity among the parents (P < 0.001), a complication during pregnancy (P < 0.001), medication use during pregnancy (P < 0.001), maternal smoking or exposure to smoking (P = 0.002), history of miscarriage (P = 0.02), and positive family history (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis for these factors showed maternal smoking (odds ratio [OR]: 1.99), consanguineous marriage (OR: 1.89), complication during pregnancy (OR: 1.98), and positive history of cleft (OR: 1.9) to be increasing the odds of cleft development. Conclusion: While previous studies have shown many environmental factors to be associated with development of OFCs in the child, the present study provides a quantitative estimate of the risk posed by each individual factor in the Pakistani population.


The purpose of this paper is to gauge DSM's scientific accuracy, using the prevalent children's diagnoses of attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorders as examples. I use the term accuracy to refer to a bundle of questions about the clarity of definitions that distinguish one category from another, the conceptual coherence of these definitions, and the ability of users of the classification system to implement these distinctions consistently in practice. With regard to DSM, I begin with a review of DSM's definitions of children's disorders and their ability to identify and distinguish those children who are disordered from those who are not. I then review the extent to which clinicians can use these distinctions reliably. Finally, I look at some additional problems with the validity of children's diagnoses as defined by DSM. [Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 4:255–270 (2004)]


Over the last decade, a debate has developed about the mechanism of the passive or 'diffusive' component of intestinal glucose absorption and, indeed, whether it even exists. Pappenheimer and colleagues have proposed that paracellular solvent drag contributes a passive component, which, at high concentrations of sugars similar to those in the jejunal lumen immediately after a meal, is severalfold greater than the active component mediated by the Na+‐glucose cotransporter SGLT1. On the other hand, Ferraris & Diamond maintain that the kinetics of glucose absorption can be explained solely in terms of SGLT1 and that a passive or paracellular component plays little, if any, part. Recently, we have provided new evidence that the passive component of glucose absorption exists, but is in fact facilitated since it is mediated by the rapid, glucose‐dependent activation and recruitment of the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT2 to the brush‐border membrane; regulation involves a protein kinase C (PKC)‐dependent pathway activated by glucose transport through SGLT1 and also involves mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) signalling pathways. This topical review seeks to highlight the significant points of the debate, to show how our proposals on GLUT2 impact on different aspects of the debate and to look at the regulatory events that are likely to be involved in the short‐term regulation of sugar absorption during the assimilation of a meal.


Within the fast-growing city environment, the values of early modern buildings are decreasing. Recently, the central and regional governments have recognized these buildings as part of historical culture. They are making efforts to prevent the rapid damage and loss of these buildings. In the process, movements are rising for preserving and reusing existing buildings, rather than simply dismantling old buildings. The purpose of this study is to find out how the modern architectural buildings are conserving their characteristics to date through remodeling, and through this, to highlight the value and importance of the modern architectural buildings. For this study, among the domestic modern architectural buildings that are located in the Seoul Metropolitan Area and registered as cultural properties selected were those that were constructed in the Japanese Colonization period, have conserved their original forms, and have been used as cultural space after remodeling since 2100. The study methods used are as follows. Literature study, on-site investigation, interviews with personnel in charge were conducted. As for the study contents, through theoretical backgrounds and case studies on modern architectural buildings, remodeling, cultural space, the design characteristics via conservation types, conservation methods, and remodeling were analyzed and conclusion was reached. The first trend is to keep the original facade from construction. Thus, these buildings are mostly remodeled, except for their structure, and they adopt contemporary design elements. The second trend is to expose wall or ceiling finish, such as stone, brick, or truss structures. Covering the exposed elements with glass wall reinforces structure. Another method is to adopt contemporary functions, but partially leave elements of early modern architecture. This method uses elements characteristic of modern design within the space, such as motifs, patterns, interior decorations, lighting, shapes of doors and windows, or finishing materials.


Let R be a non-commutative associative ring with unity 1≠0, a left R-module is said to
satisfy property (I) (resp. (S)) if every injective (resp. surjective) endomorphism of M is an
automorphism of M. It is well known that every Artinian (resp. Noetherian) module satisfies property (I)
(resp. (S)) and that the converse is not true. A ring R is called a left I-ring (resp. S-ring) if every left
R-module with property (I) (resp. (S)) is Artinian (resp. Noetherian). It is known that a subring B of a
left I-ring (resp. S-ring) R is not in general a left I-ring (resp. S-ring) even if R is a finitely generated
B-module, for example the ring M3(K) of 3×3 matrices over a field K is a left I-ring (resp. S-ring),
whereas its subring
B={[α00βα0γ0α]/α,β,γ∈K}
which is a commutative ring with a non-principal Jacobson radical
J=K.[000100000]


linical care of patients with heart disease and circulatory abnormalities would be improved C by the availability of continuous noninvasive measurements of cardiac output. In critically ill patients, clinical estimation of cardiac output is notoriously inaccurate (1,2). As hemodynamic status may change rapidly, continuous cardiac output monitoring would provide timely information to permit rapid institution and adjustment of therapy. In this issue, Hausen and colleagues report an evaluation of a commercially available transtracheal Doppler device for continuous cardiac output measurement (3). This method uses a 5-mm, 5-MHz pulsed Doppler ultrasound transducer mounted on the tip of an endotracheal tube. The transducer measures the aortic diameter and the Doppler shift of the ultrasound beam that is reflected by blood in the ascending aorta. Cardiac output is determined as the product of the aortic cross-sectional area and the estimated blood velocity. In this study, estimates of cardiac output using the transtracheal Doppler (TTD) method differed markedly from those obtained by thermodilution. The mean difference between simultaneous measurements with the two methods was 1.7 L/min with a standard deviation of 1.67 L/min. The 95% limits of agreement of -1.56 to 4.99 L/min suggest that the TTD method does not give a clinically useful estimate of cardiac output. The reasons for these discouraging results may be related to problems with the TTD technology and problems with the study design. Technical problems with the TTD method may arise from inaccurate measurement of aortic diameter, inaccurate estimation of aortic cross-sectional area (because the aorta is not perfectly circular and changes shape and size during the cardiac cycle), and the use of a fixed estimate of the angle between the transducer ultrasound beam and aortic blood flow. Changes in blood


By applying deep learning, we were able to compare p73 protein expression patterns of different tissue types including normal mucosa, primary tumor and lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer patients using immunohistochemical slides. The pair-wise pattern comparisons were automatedly carried out by considering color, edge, blobs, and other morphological information in the images. We discovered that when the pattern dissimilarity between primary tumor and lymph node metastasis is relatively low among other tissue pairs (primary tumor and distant normal, biopsy and distant normal, biopsy and primary tumor, biopsy and primary tumor, lymph node metastasis and distant normal, lymph node metastasis and biopsy), there was an implication of short-time survival. This original result suggests a novel application of advanced artificial intelligence in machine learning for clinical finding in rectal cancer and encourages relevant study of multiple biomarker expressions in cancer patients.


This briefing paper is the fourth and final output in 'Symbiotic Radicalisation', a project in our 'Dynamics of Violent Extremism' research stream. Symbiotic Radicalisation is a collaboration between researchers at the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) and the Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities at Victoria University (VU). This paper provides an overview of key trends identified throughout this research program, which examines the online interplay between the far-left and far-right in Australia (with a focus on the State of Victoria) and considers the policy implications of this work.


This is one of several studies on the relationship between time of movement and distance.l Using a Virgil silent practice keyboard, 10 Ss were instructed to strike successively, as rapidly as possible, on separate trials two keys, the lowest C (starting point, where they sat) and each of the white keys to and including c"', four octaves above. Ss used the index and middle finger together. The successive c's are distinguished as C, c, cf, c", and c"'. The keyboard was wired so that striking C would start a Dunlap chronoscope and striking any other key above would stop it. Time was recorded in msec. The data in Table 1 are the means for 10 Ss from a general psychology class, all non-pianists.


Despite social cognitive and cultural barriers, women continue to consider and declare science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) majors. Research suggests that both self-efficacy and interest are necessary to approach a career goal; however, women in STEM report lower interest and confidence compared to their male counterparts. Using integrative career profiles of 448 potential and declared STEM majors, we investigated Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional thresholds of self-efficacy and interest among women and men using the career and personality assessments integrative online system. Results indicated gender as a moderator for the Realistic threshold, where women have a lower threshold for approaching and declaring a STEM major compared with men. Women in this sample showed similar levels of Investigative self-efficacy and interests compared with men. This study adds to prior literature investigating people–thing orientations among men and women in STEM. These results may be utilized in broadening female participation in STEM and alleviating underrepresentation.


Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. Bronchial asthma associated with airway hyper-responsiveness, reversible airway obstruction, and allergen-specific IgE production. Growing evidences suggest the association between IL-10 promoter polymorphism and asthma production. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the association of IL-10 promoter polymorphism rs1800896 (-1082 G/A) with asthma and its relation to spirometric parameters. Methods: IL-10 polymorphism (rs1800896) was genotyped using real time PCR technique and IgE serum level was measured by ELISA in 30 asthmatic children and 20 controls. Results: There was highly significant increase in IgE level and Eousenophil (%) in asthmatic children compared to control group (p= 0.000 and 0.002). There was significant association between IL-10 polymorphisms (rs1800896) and bronchial asthma.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the IL-10 -1082 G/A polymorphism can be associated with susceptibility to pediatric asthma and can be related to reduced respiratory functions between asthmatics.


SICHTAŘ JIŘI, SIMONIK ONDŘEJ, FOLKOVA PETRA, DOKOUPILOVA ADELA, RAJMON RADKO, SVOBODOVA IVONA, JEBAVÝ LUKAS. 2016. The Quality of Frozen-thawed Canine Semen With Respect to Semen Extender Composition and Sequence of Ejaculate Collection in Dogs. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 64(1): 169–175. The aim of this study was to evaluate the eff ect of clarifi ed egg yolk addition to semen extender, and the semen collection sequence on the quality of frozen-thawed semen in dogs. Semen was collected from 6 dogs in a time interval of 24 hours. As parameter of the quality of frozen-thawed (F-T) semen, the motility by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and plasma membrane integrity by hypoosmotic swelling test (HOS) were evaluated. All kinematic parameters of sperm motility were higher in F-T samples containing the whole in comparison to the clarifi ed egg yolk. The sequence of semen collection aff ected sperm movement characteristics of native as well as F-T semen, but it was not possible to determine whether the fresh semen from the 1st or 2nd collection is of higher quality. All motility parameters of sperms frozen with extender containing the whole egg yolk were signifi cantly higher in the case of the 2nd collection. The situation was not so clear in the case of clarifi ed egg yolk addition, but the velocity values were higher in F-T samples from the 2nd collection. In contrast to proven diff erences in motility, the eff ect of the addition of clarifi ed egg yolk and the sequence of semen collection were not projected at all on the quality of plasma membrane of canine sperms evaluated by HOS test.


The linear combination of bond orbitals method is used to investigate the reactivity of halomethanes in abstraction reactions by atoms. The activation energy is evaluated on the assumption that, in an activated complex, two electrons in a bond to be broken become completely isolated from the rest of the ${\sigma}$-electron systems. Such a model leads to an intuitively attractive concept that the interactions between the reactive bond and the neighboring bonds govern the reactivity of ${\sigma}$-electron systems. The resulting equation for the activation energy, ${\varepsilon},\;is:\;{\narepsilon}= ${\varepsilon}={\zeta}+$$${\sum}_{i=1}^3$${\eta}c-I,$ c-4 Here, subscript C-4 indicates the bond to be broken, while C-i represents the other three bonds surrounding the reactive bond; ξ is the activation energy of a hypothetical reaction of an isolated C-4 bond and an attacking atom; and ${\eta}$C-i,C-4 stems from the stabilizing interacting of C-4 bond with neighboring C-i bonds. A choie of η′s consistent with bond strength data simplifies the above equation to a form ${\varepsilon}={\zeta}\;+\;N{\eta}c$-H, C-4 where N denotes the number of C-H plus C-F bond in halomethanes. In agreement with this equation, experimental


In the fracturing of snow peripheral to avalanches and in events where slabs have fractured but did not slide, the failed, or downslope, part of the slab often is taller than the uphill, or unreleased, part. This is especially evident in deep or hard slabs. Even with an obvious collapse within a weak layer, when the two sides are compared separately from this layer, the released part is higher. If this phenomenon is viewed as an arrested motion avalanche, then this is a window into the sequence of slab failure. What is causing this difference? Is this evidence of elastic rebound? If so, then this would appear to be the result of some latent elastic strain. This paper poses an hypothesis and a model of this process.


The invention relates to a naked aluminium wire turning guide pulley dropping-free wheel device in aluminum paint covered wire production. The wheel device comprises a turning guide pulley group and a fixed support thereof, wherein the dropping-free wheel device comprises two longitudinal supports, a transverse support, guide rings and veetol supports, wherein two longitudinal supports are arranged below two sides of a row line and are parallel with the row line, the lengthwise position of the transverse support is adjustable and the transverse support is fixed between the two longitudinal supports, the quantity of the guide rings and the quantity of the veetol supports are consistent with that of turning guide pulleys, the transverse position of the veetol support of each guide ring is adjustable and the veetol support of each guide ring is fixed on the transverse support. Each guide ring can limit the swing amplitude of the row line, the front-rear, right-left and up-down positions of each guide ring are adjustable, and the angle of a row line inlet or outlet guide pulley can be conveniently adjusted, thereby eliminating a row line wheel-dropping and snap-off phenomenon.


ment of drugs directed against various forms of cancer. Atezolizumab is a monoclonal antibody against PD-L1 that has shown efficacy against multiple malignancies, including non–small-cell lung cancer in clinical trials, leading to its clinical use.2 However, suppression of immune regulation has also been associated with adverse effects on multiple organ systems, including the development of myocarditis.3 This reaction is very rare, with reported incidences of 0.27%–1.14% among patients receiving ICIs, and in most reported cases, has been treated with steroid therapy.4 There is no evidence to suggest a patient with underlying cardiac amyloidosis is more or less susceptible to the development of an inflammatory process such as myocarditis, even when subjected to an unrestrained immune response. In fact, there is only one case report in the literature of combined myocarditis and amyloidosis.5 Here, we have presented a unique case of a patient who developed acute myocarditis from treatment with ICIs and was found on endomyocardial biopsy to also have a background of cardiac amyloidosis.


Many studies have been conducted in the field of community cohesion, participation and engagement and there seems to be a consensus that community engagement and participation aids the achievement of a good and sustainable regeneration in our communities. Past research have also shown that without a sense of cohesion among the members of the community, the urge to be a part of community activities will reduce, hence community participation will be low. However, contrasting to the fact that members of Black and Minority Ethnic (BMEs) groups participate less in community activities is the fact that recent citizens survey by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) shows that members of the BME groups are more likely to see their community as being cohesive than Non BMEs, also, people from most ethnic minority groups were more likely than White people to agree that they could influence decisions in their local area. For this reason, a question of what triggers participation and why BMEs participate less than Non BMEs arises. This paper aims to investigate factors that trigger community participation, and explores the level of participation that is expected from the BMEs by investigating what other factors are there that can contribute to the BMEs community participation experience. Government publications and relevant literatures is also reviewed to get the current state of the art and the initial results from pilot interviews will be analyzed and focused initial findings will be discussed. The paper concludes by drawing inferences on the implication of some of the factors that can make BMEs attain their utmost community engagement potential.


For the purpose of providing an accurate,fast,and low cost remote fault diagnosis and trouble-shooting for textile enterprises,an Internet-based remote diagnosis system for spinning machines was developed,which consisted of spinning machine information service system,remote diagnosis center and remote-experts.OPC technology was used to collect fault data on field,WebService technology was adopted to transfer the fault data,and expert system technology was applied during the diagnosis to assist the remote-expert.The remote diagnosis center played a role as the core in the entire system.In order to realize the direct communication between the diagnosis center and the upper computer,the web service was published by the remote diagnosis center and invoked by the upper computer on field.Moreover,the diagnosis webpage was published by the remote diagnosis center and browsed by remote-experts to achieve remote diagnosis for failure spinning machines.Compared with traditional remote diagnosis system that required the support of enterprise internal information system.The system is more practical for textile enterprises due to its flexibility,simplicity and expandability.


The administration of the compound 2-(2-nitro4 trifluoromethylbenzoyl) cyclohexane -1, 3 dione (NTBC) to rats (10 mg/kg body wt) caused an elevation in the concentration of plasma tyrosine and gave products in urine that were identified as 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPPA) and 4-hydroxyphenyllactate (HPLA). This observed chemically induced tyrosinemia established that this compound perturbs tyrosine catabolism and suggested that the causal effect is the inhibition of 4hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). This was confirmed when rat liver HPPD was found to be markedly inhibited by NTBC when the enzyme and chemical were incubated, in vitro for 3 min at 37°C prior to the initiation of the enzyme reaction by the addition of substrate. At 100 nM NTBC, approximately 90% of the enzyme activity was lost and an IC,o was calculated at approximately 40 nM. The inhibition of HPPD by NTBC (50 nM) is timedependent ; the enzyme activity was reduced by > 50% within 30 s. Progress curve data of loss of enzyme activity with time gave a rate constant for the inactivation of rat liver HPPD [k*, formation of an HPPD-inhibitor (EI) complex] by NTBC of 9.9±2.5xl0~sec nM-1. It was established that NTBC is not irreversibly bound in the EI complex but slowly dissociates with a recovery of enzyme activity of 13.7 ± 1.0% over a 7 h period (tl/2, 25°C estimated at 63 h). In comparison, the compound 2(2 -chloro4methanesulfonylbenzoyl) -cyclohexane1,3-dione (CMBC), an analog of NTBC, gave a similar rate for the inactivation of HPPD (k*, 3.3 ± 0.8 x 10-5 sec-1 nM-1), whereas 45:t 8% of the enzyme activity was recovered over a 7 h period (tl/2, 25°C approximately 10 h). These studies establish that NTBC and CMBC are potent, timedependent (tight-binding) reversible inhibitors of HPPD. The inhibition is characterized by a rapid inactivation of the enzyme by the formation of an HPPD-inhibitor complex that dissociates with recovery of enzyme activity. In vivo, the inhibition of HPPD causes a tyrosinemia that abates with the recovery of enzyme activity. The understanding of the mechanism by which NTBC perturbs tyrosine catabolism has led to the clinical use of this chemical as the first effective pharmacological therapy for the hereditary disorder tyrosinemia I.


Abstract For the pyrochemical reprocessing of spent metallic nuclear fuels in molten salt baths it is important to investigate the adsorption selectivity of cations in aluminosilicates. A molecular dynamics simulation has been performed on sodalite and zeolite with exchangeable monovalent and multivalent cationic fission products at 673 K in order to calculate their self-diffusion coefficients in the aluminosilicate framework and estimate the selectivity of the exchangeable cations. The results enables us to conclude that the self-diffusion coefficients of monovalent cations decrease with increasing ionic radius. The order of the adsorption selectivity is Li < Na < K < Cs in zeolite. The self-diffusion coefficients of multivalent cations are almost independent of the ionic radius, and these cations are in aluminosilicates more stable than monovalent cations. The results are consistent with the experimental results.


In search of a determination method of impurity elements in gold plating bath, separation by MIBK extraction, impurity el- ements in gold plating bath was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma- atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after extraction separating gold by methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). The analyti- cal line, matrix elements and plasma parameters were discussed. Results show that the detection limit is 0. 008 ~ 0.019 μg/mL, the recovery ratio is 89.4%-102.3 %, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) is less than 3.12%. The method is accurate, quick and convenient, and is acceptable for determination of im- purity elements with satisfactory result.


The unreasonable layout of taxi stands (TS) in urban areas not only fails to provide bidirectional guidance for drivers and passengers but also wastes spatial resources and aggravates the surrounding traffic. This paper compares the performance of three classical location models in optimizing TS spatial layout, and develops an extended model integrating the p-median and distance factor to support TS site selection in urban planning from multiple perspectives. To this end, taxi demand with spatial–temporal dynamics is extracted from taxi global positioning system (GPS) data to uncover the restrictive distribution characteristics of the setting areas and specific locations of TS with GIS platform. Taxi demand is then subdivided, and potential service points are set up on the road network. With the constraints of the supply and demand environment, we design the TS location models (TSLM) based on the set covering problem (SCP), the maximal covering location problem (MCLP), and the p-median problem (PMP), respectively. Furthermore, the TSLM based on PMP is extended to consider the maximum acceptable distance for passengers. A genetic algorithm-based procedure is introduced for solving the extended TSLM. An experiment conducted in China compares the facility coverage capacity, taxi demand allocation, and passenger access willingness of the optimal layout schemes obtained from four TSLMs. The number of parking spaces at TS is also evaluated. The result demonstrates that extended TSLM outperforms the other three models in the validity of locating TS.


Nowadays, the women entrepreneurship plays an important role worldwide, from the economic, social and political perspectives. The importance of women in affairs is also recognized by the governments, non-governmental organizations, and academia, all of them involved in developing programs and projects, organising events and supporting financially and regulatory the women entrepreneurship initiatives. However, women's entrepreneurship has been recognised during the last decade as an important unexploited source of economic growth.


Validation of devices at the physical layer can be accomplish with radio frequency (RF) watermarks to enhance wireless network security. For this application, RF watermarks are implemented as small signal offsets below the noise floor which are superimposed onto the signal transmitted from a wireless device. A receiver equipped to detect the offsets is then utilized to determine whether the anticipated RF watermarks are present in the received signal. Through this process, the integrity of the originally transmitted data is maintained while simultaneously validating the authenticity of the transmitting device.


Dear Sir,

Red cell exchange (RCE) remains an effective therapy for the acute complications of sickle cell disease1. Modern apheresis machines have built-in formulae or web-based tools for determining how many red cell units to use for RCE and precise formulae have been presented for calculating the red cell volume to be exchanged2. We present a simpler calculation and show that the use of our method leads to effective RCE.

Although the most often quoted goal of reducing haemoglobin S (HbS) levels by RCE in patients with sickle cell anaemia or its variants is to 30% or under, it has been noted that it is not necessary to maintain HbS at such levels. Cohen et al.3 found that a target HbS level of 50% afforded a high rate of protection, even in stroke prevention, while reducing blood requirements by 33% to 99% and thereby lessening the rate of iron accumulation3. Limiting the number of red cell units used also decreases the likelihood of infectious diseases and the risk of alloimmunisation to blood cell antigens from exposure to more donor blood products. However, the goal of RCE is variable, depending on the clinical circumstances; for example, for limb surgery in which a tourniquet is applied, the goal would be a significantly lower HbS level for protection under ischaemic conditions and our formula is not applicable in this kind of scenario. Also, for chronic RCE (e.g., for stroke prophylaxis), the formula is likely to overestimate the amount of blood needed and we readjust the number of units exchanged based on how often the patient returns for RCE in order to keep the HbS level under 50% before the next visit.

Under an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved protocol, we studied 68 patients diagnosed with sickle cell disease or sickling variants (e.g., HbS-beta thalassemia, HbSC) with initial HbS levels above 50% (average 78.7%) who underwent automated RCE with the COBE® Spectra System (CaridianBCT, Lakewood, CO, USA). Our goal was a post-RCE HbS level of 30–35%. Red cells exchanged were compatible, leucodepleted, and HbS-negative, with the additive solution removed after centrifugation. The machine can determine the replacement volume following input from the operator, who programmes the patient's gender, height, weight, blood volume, starting and ending haematocrit, haematocrit of replacement fluid, fluid balance, and the percentage (fraction) of cells remaining (FCR). We used a much simpler calculation for patients whose indications included predominantly acute chest syndrome (n =46), urgent surgery (n =8), stroke and cerebral ischaemic events (n =6), allowing us to determine how many red cell units to exchange, thus enabling the Transfusion Service to prepare the appropriate number of red cell units needed as soon as possible. This minimises delay and avoids the preparation of more blood units than actually needed, thereby reducing costs and the potential for wastage of red cells.

Our calculation, based on observations of RCE over a number of years and taking into account pre- and post-RCE HbS levels and improvement in the patient's clinical condition, is as follows: ten percent of a patient's body weight in kilograms multiplied by the patient's HbS level (if known, if not assume 100%), and, if the resulting decimal is 0.5 or more, round up to the next full unit. The scientific validity of this approach is supported by the following considerations: (i) it is assumed that one blood volume of an average adult is 70 mL/kg and that the haematocrit is 30%; (ii) the blood volume in a 70 kg patient will then be estimated to be 4,900 mL and the red cell mass 1,470 mL; (iii) if the volume of a unit of packed red cells containing additive solution and reduced plasma, white cells, and platelets is 330 mL with an approximate haematocrit of 60%, then its red cell content is roughly 200 mL; (iv) it will, therefore, take approximately seven red cell units to replace the red cell mass in the 70 kg patient (1,470 mL ÷ 200 mL); (v) accordingly, the number of red cell units (n =7) needed for a one-volume RCE is approximately 10% of the patient's weight in kg (in this case, 70 kg). A 70 kg patient with a HbS of 100% would be exchanged with 7 red cell units; a 70 kg patient with a HbS of 80% would be exchanged with 7×0.8=5.6, or 6 units.

Pre- and post-HbS levels are used to document the efficacy of the RCE. Unless the patient requires a higher haematocrit for surgery or other indications, we ordinarily set the machine for a post-RCE haematocrit close to that of the patient's baseline level or slightly higher. Since 63 of our patients had starting haematocrit values lower than 30% (average 21.5%), we would have expected the resulting HbS levels to be under 30%. The average was 27.8% (see below).

Retrospective review of 68 patients who had RCE performed with calculations employing the "10% rule" showed that all of them tolerated the procedure well and achieved the desired clinical benefit. Pre-RCE HbS values ranged from 51.4% to 97.4%. The average post-RCE HbS level was 28.6% (range, 16.1–42.1%). Post-RCE HbS levels were under 40.0% in 98.5% of cases (which included all patients except one who had a post-RCE HbS level of 42.1%) and ≤35% in 81% of patients. A t test used to compare post-RCE HbS levels in patients with starting haematocrit values ≥30% (mean ± SD, 34.9±6.1%, n =5) with those in patients with starting haematocrit values <30% (mean ± SD, 27.8±6.3%, n =63) showed a statistically significant difference (P =0.018). Both results were within the clinically effective range.

We also compared the number of red cell units needed for a goal 30% post-transfusion HbS level predicted by the COBE® Spectra with the number predicted by our "10% rule". Complete data were available for 61 patients. The COBE® predictions exceeded the "10% rule" by 1.4 units per patient (mean ± SD by paired t test): COBE® 6.62±2.71 versus 10% rule: 5.21±2.37, P <0.0001).

In addition, because it is beneficial to know the results of RCE as soon as possible, we studied post-RCE HbS levels at two time points (1–2 hours and 6–8 hours) in a separate IRB-approved study in 11 RCE episodes (10 adults and one child, aged 10 years, weighing 32 kg, with an initial HbS level of 83.8%, who was not part of our IRB-approved study, but who had samples drawn at the clinician's initiative). Adults ranged in age from 18 to 57 years, weighed between 48 kg and 99 kg, and their initial HbS levels ranged from 46.1% to 85.4%. Samples were drawn during or within 45 minutes of the prescribed intervals in all except one case in which the second time point was at 10 hours (instead of 8 hours). Post-RCE HbS levels at the first time point ranged from 23.2% to 32.7%, and at the second time point from 23.9% to 34.8%. The end-point was improvement in clinical symptoms in all patients.

A paired t test comparing HbS levels in the 11 patients at the first time point post-RCE with those at 6 to 8 hours (10 hours in one case) showed a small increase in HbS (mean ± SEM; 31.41±1.53 at the first time point, as compared with 32.45±1.64 at the second time point; 1.0% increase; P =0.0013); although this small increase was statistically significant, it is not likely to be clinically relevant. The other haemoglobin fractions (A, F, A2) showed no statistically significant changes during these intervals.

In summary, we present a simplified method for determining the number of red cell units to use for clinically effective RCE and suggest that this method can facilitate timely exchanges and, perhaps on average, enable the use of fewer red cell units. In addition, although studied in few patients, we present data indicating that a sample for HbS evaluation drawn 1 to 2 hours after RCE results in as clinically meaningful an assessment of the efficacy of RCE as a sample drawn at 6 to 8 hours. These observations make possible an earlier decision regarding repeat RCE, if necessary, or removal of the access catheter if it is no longer needed. The results confirm that, after RCE, as with transfusion in anaemic patients4, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels equilibrate more rapidly than has been realised in the past5.


Scientific communication bears a close relationship with scientific innovation and knowledge economy,which proves that much attention must be paid to the development of scientific communication,improvement of the capacity for scientific communication and establishment of scientific communication system.The paper makes a preliminary discussion of the problems and the influencing factors in the national scientific communication capacity,on the basis of which it puts forward an index system for evaluation of such capacity.


A study was done to explore the development of zonal- and arterial-level collision prediction models that incorporate characteristics applicable to urban transit planning. A generalized linear modeling approach with a negative binomial regression error structure was employed by using a data set from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The zonal-level models indicate that vehicle kilometers traveled, bus or streetcar kilometers traveled, arterial road kilometers, bus stop density, percentage of near-sided stops, and average posted speed have significant associations with occurrences of transit-involved collisions. The arterial-level models, which were developed for collisions involving all motor vehicles, suggest that average annual daily traffic, transit frequency, segment length, presence of on-street parking, and percentage of near-sided stops are all associated with increased frequency of these collisions, whereas percentage of far-sided stops and average stop spacing are linked with reduced collision frequency. It is evident that models such as those developed in this study can provide transit agencies with decision-support tools for considering safety implications in the strategic and service-planning processes. These models can also be used as a tool to predict future levels of transit-involved collisions for an existing and a new transportation network or arterial route.


With the increasing use of higher strength steels, the hydrogen content necessary to promote hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) has become very small. This much lower hydrogen content level is approaching the uncertainty level of present diffusible hydrogen analytical practices, thus requiring the development of new analytical techniques. Efforts are being made to develop more sensitive and less time consuming methods for hydrogen measurement. An advanced design for a transition metal oxide based fiber optic diffusible hydrogen sensor has therefore been developed. The sensor allows measurement of hydrogen content directly from a welded structure, eliminating the need for duplicate welded coupons. The sensor generates the necessary analytical signal in less than one hour, and has been calibrated to yield results in ml H2100 g weld metal. The sensor is also extremely sensitive to hydrogen and relatively inexpensive. The sensor shows excellent promise as an advanced hydrogen measurement technique, and research is continuing to establish procedures for transfer to industry.


Computer assisted controls at the 28 GeV PS made their entry in 1967 and today around 80% of the processes are included in various styles. Beam intensity has since increased two orders of magnitude and interleaved cycles of different beam properties are now serving SPS, ISR and the 28 GeV experimental area. This came about by substantial additions to the accelerator equipment, the main one being the Booster and Linac. Plans up to the end of 1980 include: addition of the Antiproton Accumulation Ring, acceleration of antiprotons in the CPS, the concomitant beam transfer and switching, and multibatch filling of the SPS, requiring cycles times down to 0.65 sec. The improvement programme for controls aims to alleviate the operational and maintenance problems ensuing from this explosive expansion and to create a framework for further growth.


The election campaign, Peter Clifford and Anthony Heath the media's coverage of the campaign, Holli Semetko et al does it matter what the papers say?, John Curtice and Holli Semetko tactical voting and Labour's prospects, Geoffrey Evans the economy and the 1992 election - was 1992 Labour's golden chance?, Bruno Paulson popular capitalism - the electoral legacy of Thatcherism, Geoff Garrett did Major win? did Kinnock lose? leadership effects in the 1992 election, Ivor Crewe and Anthony King party manifestos, Richard Topf Labour Party factionalism and extremism, Pippa Norris Labour's Policy Review, Anthony Heath and Roger Jowell will Scotland come to the aid of the party?, Jack Brand et al the poll tax and the electoral register, Jeremy Smith and Ian McLean the geography of voting and representation - regions and the declining importance of the cube law, Ron Johnston et al can Labour win?, Anthony Heath et al. Appendix: the 1992 cross-section and panel surveys, Bridget Taylor et al.


In this paper I intend to examine a thesis held by Devitt on the nature of scientific realism. In particular, I shall examine the thesis according to which no theory of truth is constitutive of realism, thus, a commitment with realism does not force us to subscribe to a correspondence theory of truth. If this thesis were right, all the antirealist attempts to refute the claims of scientific realism would be destined to fail since their objections suppose that one of the theories constitutive of realism is the correspondence theory of truth. My intuition is that it is not possible to emancipate scientific realism from its semantic commitments to a correspondence theory. In order to defend this point of view, I shall show how implausible is the thesis that a realist does not have to subscribe to a correspondence theory since he could adopt, instead, a redundancy theory of truth. My intuition is that if a realist subscribed to such theory he would not be able to successfully maintain the 'independence dimension' that according to Devitt is constitutive of Realism. Lastly, I shall show two undesirable results of maintaining a realism separate from semantics, among them that it is not clear how such a realist can respond to the problem of theory choice and that it is not possible to admit that there are causal relations between our minds and the world -like Devitt suggests- with no intrusions of semantics or without falling into antirealism.


Introduction: Remarkable progress has been made in understanding the structure and dynamics of the Martian atmosphere. A decades-long climatology has been acquired, revealing significant interannual variability, dust storms that disrupt the seasonal mean circulation, and complex surface/atmosphere interactions. Many of the underlying dynamical and radiative processes that govern the Martian atmosphere remain poorly quantified. To a large extent the structure and dynamics of the Martian atmosphere are controlled by the atmospheric aerosols of dust, H2O, and CO2. Dust storms lift dust into the atmosphere and while some patterns in their occurrence are well characterized [e.g. 1,2], the processes that cause these storms to expand and become global while others dissipate in a matter of days or weeks are still not understood. Water ice clouds are abundant on Mars. Their radiative effects on the atmosphere are profound [3,4] but not well quantified to date. Our understanding of the water cycle is limited by extremely sparse water vapor profile observations [5]. Column water vapor measurements [e.g. 6] have provided insight, but the 3-D water vapor distribution and the processes controlling it are virtually unexplored. Hence there is a continued need for global, vertically resolved measurements of atmospheric temperature, water vapor, and aerosols (dust, water ice, CO2 ice), and their evolution on diurnal, seasonal, and interannual time scales. Measured climatologies and near real-time atmospheric density profiles support landing, aerocapture and surface operations of future human and robotic missions to Mars. Here we describe the Advanced Mars Climate Sounder (AMCS), a mature, low-cost, and low-risk infrared atmospheric sounder for a future Mars orbiter mission that is ideally suited to address these outstanding questions and support landed missions. AMCS builds on the instrument and measurement heritage of the Mars Climate Sounder (MCS, Fig. 1) [7], which has been operating on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) for ~10 years. It also incorporates flight development work completed for the ExoMars Climate Sounder (EMCS) instrument [8], which was selected to fly on ESA's ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. AMCS would provide daily, global, pole-to-pole profiles of atmospheric temperature, dust, water ice, CO2 ice, and water vapor. Atmospheric profiles would be assimilated into Mars General Circulation Models to generate global, interpolated fields of measured and derived parameters such as winds. AMCS would address the highest priority MEPAG Goal II to "understand the process and history of climate" and the high priority decadal survey goal on climate on Mars [9]. It would provide several of the highest priority precursor measurements for manned missions based on MEPAG Goal IV and the Human Mission Strategic Knowledge Gaps.


AIM: To investigate expression of PTEN in gastric cancer and to explore its roles in tumorigenesis and progression of gastric cancer.METHODS: Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues of adjacent non-tumor mucosa and primary foci from 113cases of gastric cancers were studied for the expression of PTEN and Caspase-3 andmicrovessel density (MVD)by streptavidin-peroxidase (S-P) immunohistochemistry with antibodies against PTEN, Caspase-3, and CD34. The relationship between PTEN and Caspase 3 expression and clinicopathological parameters of tumors was compared.RESULTS: Primary gastric cancer cells expressed PTEN less frequently than adjacent epithelial cells of primary foci (54.9% vs89.4%; P=0.000, χ2=33.474). PTEN expression was significantly associated with invasive depth (P=0.003,rs=0.274), metastasis (P=0.036, rs=0.197), growth pattern (P=0.008, rs=0.282), Lauren′s classification (P=0.000,rs=0.345), and histological classification (P=0.005, rs=0.262)of tumors, but not with tumor size (P=0.639, rs=0.045),Borrmann′s classification (P=0.544, rs=0.070) or TNM staging (P=0.172, rs=0.129). PTEN expression was negatively correlated with MDV in primary gastric cancer (P=0.020,F=5.558). Primary gastric cancer cells showed less frequent immunoreactivity to Caspase-3 than adjacent epithelial cells of primary foci (32.7 % vs 50.4 %; P=0.007,χ2=7.286).Caspase-3 expression was dependent of PTEN expression in primary gastric cancer cells (P=0.000, χ2=15.266).CONCLUSION: Down-regulated expression of PTEN plays an important role in tumorigenesis, progression, growth,differentiation and angiogenesis of gastric cancer. Low expression of PTEN can decrease expression of Caspase-3to disorder apoptosis of tumor cells, which might explain the molecular mechanisms of PTEN contributions to tumorigenesis and progression of gastric cancer.


All-electric ship power systems include less generation capacity and smaller rotating inertia compared with large power systems. The systems include large portions of nonlinear loads and dynamic loads, which may reduce the stability margin. Moreover, various operational constraints, such as system frequency constraint, motor voltage constraint and dynamic cable constraint, need to be satisfied in operational real time. Further, pulse loads draw very high short-time power in an intermittent way, which may significantly deteriorate the power quality of the system. In this paper, a novel multi-agent system cooperative controller for a medium voltage AC (MVAC) system of all-electric ship power systems is developed to balance load and generation in real time while satisfying system's operational constraints and considering load priorities. The new method coordinates the pulse load and the propulsion load to reduce the impact of pulse load changes on the power quality of all-electric ship power systems. The dynamic behavior of the new method is evaluated using case studies in PSCAD software.


Through analysis of POSC EPICENTER data model based on the POSC, an integrated data management has been implemented from disk to remote automatic tape library on LIS716 bulk data which is widely used in Daqing oil field. The system includes: data loading, data deleting, head information browsing and logging curves displaying modules etc.. The characteristics of this system are that the management information is loaded in POSC data store while the real data body is loaded in the form of external file,which greatly reduces the time of loading and extracting of bulk data. In the mean time, all integrated data management is implemented from data store to remote tape library on LIS716 bulk data.


With the application and extension of the technology of networked vehicles, its security has already become a research focus in recent years. However, the security risk of the vehicle terminal is rarely considered. In this paper, we designed a security alarming system of vehicle terminal equipment. In this system, a variety of sensors are chosen to collect information. The network transmission module TC35i is used to sent a short message to the owner, so as to achieve the monitoring of vehicle security. This system is not only simple in structure, but also easy to adjust and use.


Antipatelet therapy is one of the most inportant approachs in the treatment of ischemic stroke.The efficacy of Asprin has been confirmed in brain stroke not only in its treatment of acute stage,but also in its second-level prevention;Pensantin′s antiplatelet efficacy lasts for a short time,and time and dosage dependant.Clopidogel is a adennosine diphosphate receptor antagonist which is a suitable replacement of asprins.The efficacy of glycoproteinⅡb/Ⅲa receptor inhibitor used in vein is clear,but its clinic outcome of oral medicine works below the mark.The usage of antiplatelet drug in combination is helpful in promoting the therapeutic efficacy and safty.


The proposed method for phase unwrapping is based on a global analysis of the interferometrical phase. The underlying principle is that the interferogram is partitioned such that the unwrapped-phase function on each element can be locally modelled by the mean values of the phase difference between neighboring pixels in azimuth and range directions. Using this local information and a least-squares algorithm (Gauss-Seidel relaxation), an approximate model of the unwrapped phase is then generated and tested by calculating the 'residue image' defined as the difference between the original interferogram and the model itself. If there are residual fringes, then the result must be iteratively refined applying the method to the residue image. The accuracy of the proposed estimation depends on the dimensions of the elements and the dynamic content of the phase, i.e. on the 'roughness' of the ground surface. In order to limit the influence of noise and layover on the unwrapped-phase function generation, we are working to a 'weighted' version of our algorithm. This approach introduces for each element of the partition a coefficient of confidence representing the reliability of local slope estimation.


This new one-page flyer answers food safety questions about preventing COVID-19 transmission when grocery shopping and handling groceries. Written by Natalie Seymour, Mary Yavelak, Candice Christian, and Ben Chapman (NC State University Extension) and published by the UF/IFAS Food Science and Human Nutrition Department.
Revised April 21, 2020: Changes were made relating to physical distancing, mask usage and monitoring employee health when exposed to the virus.
FSHN20-26/FS367: COVID-19 and Food Safety FAQ: Shopping and Handling Groceries (ufl.edu)


Smells, as Liam Farrell points out in his column (p 553), have the power to blank out other sensations in our lives completely. This seems to be true even while just reading about them. And that's not only bad smells. A survey of people's favourite smells on the internet (http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/avenue/as07/yourniffs.htm) provides comprehensive lists, grouped under atmospheric, body parts, chemicals, commercial perfumes and scents, essential oils, flowers, food and drink, fruit, materials, medicines, miscellaneous, household objects, pets, and trees. And while cat's urine is not among those, rain soaked dog seems to do for some people what freshly lit matches, chlorine bleach, or photocopier smells do for others. Reassuringly, fresh cut grass, freshly washed hair, and roses are also included in the list.

It's a shame the internet does not offer scratch and sniff technology (although the scratch and sniff page at www.bright.net/∼mamba/scratch.html may offer some surprises on that front), as some of the items listed seem on the slightly bizarre side.

A more scientific approach to the phenomenon of smells can be found at www.hhmi.org/senses/ (Seeing, hearing, and smelling the world, a report from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute). This describes the discovery of the odorant receptor proteins by two American scientists in 1991, explains how we remember or recognise odours, and how we sniff out sexual and social signals. For those who are particularly interested in the mysteries of odour in human sexuality, www.pheromones.com offers "an engrossing read on a whole new world under our noses."

The web based smells database of the chemistry department at Berkeley university in California, United States (http://mc2.cchem.berkeley.edu/Smells/index.html), lists what it calls "interesting smells." These include chemicals with disagreeable and agreeable sounding smells (hydrogen sulfide—smells of rotten eggs; beta-phenyl ethyl alcohol—smells like roses), complete with graphic representations and chemical attributes.


Aim To investigate the effect of a randomised controlled trial of a nurse-led structured educational programme compared to standard care on patient knowledge when starting anticoagulant therapy with warfarin. Methods 45 patients commencing warfarin during an inpatient admission were randomised into either a control group receiving 'usual' care, or an experimental group with structured counselling and provision of an educational video. Identical questionnaires assessing knowledge of anticoagulation therapy were applied at discharge and again 3 months later. Results Patients receiving a structured educational approach had significantly better knowledge about their therapy both at hospital discharge and at 3 months post discharge (p = <0.001 and p = 0.038 respectively). Secondary outcomes measured also showed a higher level of patient satisfaction (p = 0.017) and time in target INR range (56.7% versus 48.1%) in the educational arm. Conclusions A formal and structured nurse-led educational package at the initiation of anticoagulant treatment with warfarin treatment improves patient knowledge.


A 61-year-old lady with a history of asthma and migraines presented to the emergency department, 5 days after being head-butted by a horse on her left temple. She subsequently complained of shooting pains near her right temple, unre-lieved by paracetamol. She noted mild photophobia but no other neurology. All other examinations were unremarkable. Significant initial blood results included a haemoglobin of 83, platelets of 777, C-reactive protein of 241 and ferritin of cultures (CT) the stone


Theories and practices of community service-learning (CSL) have implicated it in a broad project of confronting the unthinkability of privilege and difference, the culturally situated, political nature of knowledge, and the dialogical, transformative potential of reading. I argue that this understanding of CSL largely aligns in vision, directives, and prospects with an exercise in queer pedagogy. With its critical inquiry into pedagogical practice informed by queer theory, Deborah Britzman's triangulated queer pedagogy not only shares productive theoretical ground with CSL, but can also be seen to inform, enhance, and develop the academic role of service-learning as a methodology of teaching and learning. Through its development in academic institutions in Canada, CSL should look to queer theory's established lexicon in order to take up precise, thickly descriptive, exoteric language which reflects the two fields' productive commonalities. Furthermore, where CSL literature often identifies as volunteerism, internship, and experiential learning, queer pedagogy ascribes deep transformative potential to its approach—a perspective and a potential often undervalued by practitioners of CSL. Finally, a bringing together of community service-learning and queer pedagogy illustrates the need in service-learning literature for an approach to systematic archiving which more closely adheres to the field's emphasis on the creation of deeply reflective and creative academic work.


Corporate scandals, environmental damages, and employment conditions have highlighted the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR). However, little is known about (1) the simultaneous effects of board and top management team (TMT) gender diversity on CSR, (2) the mediating role of CSR between leadership (board/TM) gender diversity and organizational outcomes, and (3) the above-noted effects vary between large versus small organizations. Drawn from social role theory, we test our hypotheses using multisource time-lagged data from 248 organizations. The results indicate that both board and TMT gender diversity are positively associated with CSR. Moreover, CSR had a positive effect on both perceived organizational performance and employee productivity, with CSR also mediating the relationship between board gender diversity and perceived organizational performance. The findings also show the moderating effect of organization size on the CSR–organizational outcomes relationship. Our results refine (differential effects of gender diversity on CSR depending on the role), extend (some unprecedented effects were found for perceived organizational performance and employee productivity), and qualify (effects were significant for large organizations) social role theory. Our research addresses the above-noted knowledge gaps and informs the contextual leadership gender diversity practice for improved CSR and organizational outcomes. JEL Classification: M12, M14


This study was conducted to examine the validity and the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the Physiotherapy functional mobility profile (PFMP) questionnaire. It was administered to 48 in-patients in an acute care hospital. The patients' past functional mobility status was evaluated utilizing the PFMP questionnaire to examine the value of this information for present physiotherapy goals. A very good intra-rater and inter-rater reliability for patient and for the significant other was found. The intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.83-0.99. The sensitivity of the PFMP questionnaire was found to be very good, ranging from to 0.82-1.00 for individual items and for the total score. The specificity was also excellent, ranging from 0.50-1.00 for individual items and for the total score. A high correlation was found between direct observation and the questionnaire of patient. High correlations also were obtained by comparing the total score of completed the PFMP questionnaire from the patient to the total score collected from the significant other for the 1-week time frame. However, lower correlations were observed for the 1-month and 6-month time frames prior to hospitalization. The PFMP is a reliable instrument in establishing recent past functional mobility level using information provided by either the patient or the patient's significant other. Prehospitalization functional mobility status is of interest to physiotherapists in establishing a baseline reference for treatment and to set out functional goals for discharge in an acute care hospital. The significant other can provide a valid substitute for recent patient's prehospitalization functional mobility status.


Thirteen wrists with ulnar neutral or negative variance were treated by open distal ulna excision (the wafer procedure). The mean follow-up was 25 months (range, 12–38). At final follow-up grip strength had increased a mean of 14 kgf and 12 of the 13 patients were very satisfied with the functional outcome and pain relief. In treatment of the ulnar impaction syndrome, the wafer procedure provides excellent pain relief and functional restoration particularly in patients with ulnar neutral or negative wrists in whom triangular fibrocartilage tears have not yet developed.


capacitor type memory for semiconductor imager. The imager comprises a plurality of pixels (210) arranged on a substrate in a combination of imaging array. Each pixel (210) includes a photodetector (205) coupled to a switching transistor (230) thin film. A plurality of scanning lines (150) are disposed at a first level relative to the substrate about a first axis, a plurality of data lines are arranged at a second level on a second axis of the imaging array. Each pixel (210) includes a memory capacitor (211) coupled in parallel to the photodetector (205), the memory capacitor (211) having an electrode (216) of memory capacitor and a common electrode (212) capacitor.


The 2002 CMA Physician Resource Questionnaire has determined that personal computer use among Canadian physicians is nearing saturation coverage, with the proportion using them rising from 74% to 89% in the past 5 years. Although female physicians are still slightly less likely to use computers than


Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Critical current density J_c varies with structural imperfections in non-ideal type-Ⅱ superconductors, and it is sensitive to the defect concentration. Neutron irradiation has been established as a useful tool to increase the defect concentration in superconducting materials. Many experiments have shown that neutron irradiation at a suitable fluence would enhance


The adsorption of low-concentration solution of nickel sulfate was tested with ion exchange method.The influencing factors on the recovery rate of nickel ions were investigated to determine the optimum process conditions.The results revealed that the influence of pH value on resin adsorption at room-temperature was insignificant.The recovery rate of nickel would exceed 90% if stirring speed was up to 200 r/min and reacted for 60 minutes.The study of reaction kinetics showed that the adsorption rate was mainly controlled by liquid film diffusion and the adsorption isotherms followed well the Freundlich equations.The infrared spectroscopy showed that within the resin functional group,oxygen atoms formed a coordination bond with nickel ions.


NiCrAlY coating was prepared on a stainless steel substrate by an arc ion plating machine and the annealing experiments were carried out at different temperatures using a tube furnace. The effects of annealing temperatures on the morphology, structure, chemical composition and phase structure of the coating were characterized by SEM, EDS and XRD, respectively. The change of microstructure is discussed. Dynamic mechanical analyzer results determined the suitable annealing temperature for the best damping performance. The effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure and damping properties of NiCrAlY coating are also discussed. The relationship between annealing temperature and damping properties are explained by microstrcuture, grain size and phase structure.


The economic growth rate of the country has been fluctuating between 4.0-6.0 per cent during the last two decades. If we look into the annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth statistics, we observe that the growth curve varied from year to year, dipping in some years while rising in others. Now the question is why the growth curve is not sustaining?Although many new enterprises are being established every year, a large number of the established ones go out of business during the same period due to lack of adequate entrepreneurial skills. As a result, it has a negative impact on economic growth. According to the statistics, there were about 6.0 million small and medium enterprises (SME) in Bangladesh in 2003. The number of SMEs still remains the same today. Why is the number of SMEs not increasing?


In freshly isolated chick-embryo tendon cells about 65% of the prolyl hydroxylase protein is present in the form of active enzyme tetramers, and about 35% in a form corresponding in molecular weight to the enzyme monomers when studied by gel filtration. After incubation of these cells with 0.45 mM dithiothreitol for 30 min, the enzyme activity, the enzyme tetramers as a percentage of total enzyme protein, and the formation of hydroxyl [14C]proline in the cells after a pulse with [14C]proline, all decreased to about 0–5% of their original values. When the cells were incubated for an additional 5 h without dithiothreitol, all these parameters again increased to about 50–60% of their original values, the increases in enzyme activity and percentage of enzyme tetramers being similar irrespective of whether cycloheximide was present during the reversal period. When the cells were incubated for 1 h with a mixture of radioactively-labelled amino acids, the specific activity of the enzyme tetramers was about one fifth of that of the monomer-size protein. During a chase period of up to 6 h, a small increase occurred in the specific activity of the tetramers and a decrease in that of the monomer-size protein, while the specific activity of the total enzyme protein remained essentially unchanged. When the enzyme protein was first labelled for 1 h and then dissociated with dithiothreitol, re-formation of radioactively-labelled tetramers took place, and the specific activity of these tetramers was markedly higher than that of the tetramers originally present. Preliminary characterization of the radioactively-labelled intracellular monomer-size enzyme protein by polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate and 2-mercaptoethanol indicated that it consisted of two main polypeptide chains, the molecular weights of which were about the same as those of the enzyme monomers. The data suggest that the monomer-size protein in the cell represents, at least in part, precursors of the enzyme tetramers, and that it can be associated to active tetramers after its ribosomal biosynthesis. It is also suggested that the half-life of prolyl hydroxylase protein in these cells is relatively long, being probably more than one day.


【In this study, we applied a membrane distillation process to investigate a feasibility of treating a wastewater with high concentration of organic matters including nitrogen and phosphorus. The laboratory scale experiment was performed by using a hydrophobic PVDF membrane with the pore size of $0.22{\mu}m$ and porosity of 75%. The installation was direct contact type where the temperature difference between a feed and permeate side was controlled to have a range from 20 to $60^{\circ}C$ . We observed a flux variation and a concentration changes of COD, $PO{_4}^{3-}$ -P, $NH_4{^+}$ -N and conductivity of feed side as well as permeate side with various temperature differences (20 to $60^{\circ}C$ ), cross flow velocities (0.09 to 0.27 m/s) through the module, and pH (6.6 to 12.0) of the feed that has the initial concentration of COD about 1,000 mg/L, total nitrogen 390 mg/L, total phosphorus 10 mg/L, conductivity of $7,000{\mu}s/cm$ . The results showed that the average flux was ranged from 4 to $40L/m^2/hr$ which was almost similar with the flux of NaCl and deionized water used as a feed solution. The lowest flux was obtained at the operating condition with the temperature difference of $20^{\circ}C$ and cross flow velocity of 0.09 m/s while the highest one was measured with $60^{\circ}C$ and 0.27 m/s. Above 99% of COD and $PO{_4}^{3-}$ -P in the feed could be rejected regardless of an operating condition. However, the removal rate of ammonium nitrogen was varied from 64 to 99% depending on the pH of feed solution.】


A biomedical system embedded on a wheelchair able to measure heart rate, respiratory rate, and the wheelchair motion state is presented. A wireless multi-channel acquisition module is connected to a BCG (ballistocardiography) unit and to an inertial 3-axial MEMS accelerometer based unit. The sensing units are embedded on the seat and backrest of the wheelchair and the acquired data is transmitted through Wi-Fi connection to a remote processing unit expressed by a laptop PC. Considering the different motion situations of the wheelchair when utilized by the user, an important part of the work was focused on BCG noise and artifacts removal as well as to heart rate and respiratory rate accurate estimation from BCG signal using wavelet based filtering and ICA (Independent Component Analysis) algorithms. Experimental results for different scenarios of wheelchair utilization are included in the paper.


Geometric modelers typically define surfaces as images of closed polygonal regions under polynomial or rational maps, called patches. The images, also called patches, do not overlap but join along curves in lR . Differential topologists define surfaces as domains of invertible maps, also called patches, from lR to open sets in lR . The patches cover the surface by overlapping in open subsets. This paper develops a surface model that reconciles the apparent discrepancy between the constructive and the analytic approach by defining and characterizing maps that link the domains and ranges of the various types of patches. Of particular interest are families of maps whose composition matches the Taylor expansion of the identity map. Such families are named decompositions of the identity and its members roots of the identity. t Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, W-Lafayette IN 47907-1398 Supported by NSF NY! grant CCR-9457806


Thermodynamic integration (TI) can provide accurate binding free energy insights in a lead optimization program, but its high computational expense has limited its usage. In the effort of developing an efficient and accurate TI protocol for FabI inhibitors lead optimization program, we carefully compared TI with different Amber molecular dynamics (MD) engines (sander and pmemd), MD simulation lengths, the number of intermediate states and transformation steps, and the Lennard‐Jones and Coulomb Softcore potentials parameters in the one‐step TI, using eleven benzimidazole inhibitors in complex with Francisella tularensis enoyl acyl reductase (FtFabI). To our knowledge, this is the first study to extensively test the new AMBER MD engine, pmemd, on TI and compare the parameters of the Softcore potentials in the one‐step TI in a protein‐ligand binding system. The best performing model, the one‐step pmemd TI, using 6 intermediate states and 1 ns MD simulations, provides better agreement with experimental results (RMSD = 0.52 kcal/mol) than the best performing implicit solvent method, QM/MM‐GBSA from our previous study (RMSD = 3.00 kcal/mol), while maintaining similar efficiency. Briefly, we show the optimized TI protocol to be highly accurate and affordable for the FtFabI system. This approach can be implemented in a larger scale benzimidazole scaffold lead optimization against FtFabI. Lastly, the TI results here also provide structure‐activity relationship insights, and suggest the parahalogen in benzimidazole compounds might form a weak halogen bond with FabI, which is a well‐known halogen bond favoring enzyme. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


We begin life as "an historic fragment" in a much larger picture. Significant dates from two sides of the world during the First World War (1914 – 1918) precisely , intriguingly, link the "Canadian identity forming" horrendous battle of Vimy ridge, with Jung's personal "confrontation with the unconscious" and his synthetic/creation view of the psychic processes of 'transitioning organically' from one attitude to the another without eliminating either. On the other side of the world, Gandhi returned to India from South Africa, and started the Champaran Satyagraha with the indigo farmers. Satyagraha (insistence on truth) became a world valued active resistance against imperialisms. At the 1939 Eranos conference, only weeks before the outbreak of the Second World War, Jung reflected spontaneously on "the critical place of the isthmus of Suez where two seas meet, Eastern and Western" - the specified location of both an Islamic Sufi myth where Joshua and his servant loose their nourishing food,  and a place of potential rebirth in the dark cave behind consciousness, with "the seven as yet sleeping planets". In 1945 at the end of the war two children remember being on the first convoy from Bombay to England, passing through the critical Suez Canal. One was Richard B Goodwin, born 13 th Sept. 1934 in Bombay, who in 1981, with John Bradbourne, finally secured the rights to produce E.M. Forster's A Passage to India (1924) , centering around a still mysterious 'Marabar' cave experience between a young English woman and a young Indian doctor. I was the other remembering child, born 25 th January 1943, in Orissa on India's East coast. There were 50 years of broad endeavor in Canada before I recognized that in 1945 the Gospel of Mary was discovered just south of the "critical passage". Her's is a morale-enhancing message concerning the recovery of "the truth" and the imaginative "child of humanity". From my life long engagement with fabrics, and discovery of Jung's brief fabric trading moment in Madurai, I shall highlight a unique Canadian multifaceted foundation sponsoring Indian artisan businesses built around Gandhian principles, and 'slow clothing'. I am transitioning, imaginatively, towards a small temple honoring Shiva's creative aspect, with the lustration of the goddess Lakshmi and daily-adorned seven planets presiding at the threshold. Jung visited this Bubeneshwa site in Orissa, in January 1938.


The author analyzes critically the problems arising in Latin America after the processes of commodification and privatization of water and drainage. He refers to historical experiences of private use of water that ended in a big failure, and resulted also in critical hygiene and health conditions to the population, as happened in England during the eighteenth century. He proposes, instead, to study the pressures for water privatization in view of the risk of worsening inequalities and diminishing social rights still recognized in our Constitutions.


A novel electrochemical half-cell is designed and fabricated for in-situ evaluating both anode and cathode catalysts that mimic PEM fuel cell operating conditions. Both carbon-supported Pt and Pt0.5Ru0.5 catalysts are used to prepare the catalyst-coated membrane electrodes for this half-cell validation. A gas feeding system is constructed for quantitatively supplying of H2, H2+CO, or O2 gases to the half-cell for measurements. CO-tolerance of the anode catalyst in hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is tested using this cell. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Pt/C-coated membrane electrode is studied using this half-cell, further confirming the feasibility of this half-cell design and fabrication. It is expected that this half-cell is also useful for catalyst/catalyst layer evaluation for direct liquid fuel cells.


Handset RF power amplifiers modules (PAM) are often operated into mismatched antenna loads due to reflections from nearby objects. We present experimental results comparing the performance of a GaAs HBT PAM operating in fixed supply and Envelope Tracking (ET) modes under high load mismatch conditions. For a load mismatch voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 3:1 at the PAM output plane, the maximum adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) compliant output power was >;2dB greater in ET mode than in fixed supply mode for a given DC input power, across all load phase angles. Furthermore, the PAM error vector magnitude (EVM) was found to be substantially independent of load mismatch and output power when operated in ET mode. The measured EVM in ET mode was less than 1.8% across all load phase angles for 3:1 VSWR over an output RF power range of 15 to 28dBm.


Discussed his memories of the segregation, the positive and negative outcomes of segregation, and the role of the church in his life and the black community.


Structural analysis for the design of bridges begins by determining actions acting on the structure, which are distributed through the superstructure, causing particular effects for each structural element of composition. Vehicle load is the main live action acting on the superstructure of a vehicular bridge. To estimate the distribution of this charge in the structural elements, different distribution models are used, which in its simplicity, they have limitations and restrictions for your application. Examples of these are the Courbon method and its variations, Homberg chart, standardized methods as coefficients AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials), AASHTO LRFD (Load and Resistance Factors Design), Communications and Transport Secretariat (SCT by its Spanish acronym) standards, OHBDC (Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code) y CSA (Canadian Standard Association). The standardized methods mentioned above are mainly governed by a D-value defined by the geometric and material configuration of the bridge, as well as the specification of design load, which correlates the particular effects in the elements of the superstructure of these systems from of an analysis global, with the effects generated by one wheel line of load applied to an element particular in a particular analysis of the element. The criteria governing the structural design of bridges in Mexico is currently proposed by the SCT standards. Which has the criteria used in the AASHTO standards as a basis, it was developed for the specific conditions of the USA. This paper analyzes the principles and peculiarities of the above criteria, and presents the results of an analysis carried out for a particular structure using different criteria while proposing a methodology for the development of a model of load distribution in these systems, considering the specific conditions of Mexico.


OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation of Wuzhi sustained-release tablets.METHODS:The formulation of Wuzhi sustained-release tablets was optimized by central composite design/response surface methodology using the amount of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and calcium monohydrogen phosphate as factors and with accumulative release rate at sampling time of 3 h,8 h,14 h and 22 h as index.Optimized results were validated.RESULTS:Optimized formulation was 13.30%~30.00% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and 14.14%~17.07% calcium monohydrogen phosphate.CONCLUSION:Model developed by central composite design/response surface methodology can be used for the optimization of Wuzhi sustained-release tablets formulation.Established model deliver predictive accuracy.


TransJakarta is one of Public Transportation in Jakarta Indonesia. With large population, TransJakarta is one choice for citizens of Jakarta because TransJakarta can accomodate many passenger at once. But the problem is sometime there is uncertainty number of passenger at each stop point or shuttle bus. This cause the number of vehicles is not match with the number of passenger. Finally there will be passenger accumulation, must time wasted and unpleasant condition where passenger push each other. TransJakarta need a decision support system to optimize fleet number operated every time based on passenger number and bus capacity. Because there is uncertainty problem according to passenger number of TransJakarta in real time then fuzzy logic will be fit for this problem. But before develop the decision support system using fuzzy logic, it will be better to build the fuzzy architecture first. This architecture can be used as consideration while develop the system. Its mean that the aim of this research is to make a fuzzy architecture which support the problem. The Data Collection method used is observation. Rules implication method used is MIN method and MAX method for rules composition. While Mamdani is used for the fuzzy inferences system.


THE HARMFUL EFFECTS of contrast media upon the cerebral blood vessels are well known. Differences of opinion exist concerning the pathogenesis of the resultant brain damage, but there is experimental and pathologic ~onfirmationl-~ that the various media in current use do, under certain circumstances, alter the permeability of the cerebral vessels and produce varying degrees of arteritis or acute necrosis of vessel walls with cerebral edema and perivascular hemorrhages. Numerous clinical studiesa16 support the view that the severity of vascular injury and, consequently, brain damage, is directly proportional to: 1) the concentration of the solution of radiopaque contrast medium (dye); 2) the amount of dye used for each injection; 3) the total amount of dye used at one procedure; and 4 ) the time interval between successive injections. A clinical study of carotid angiography was undertaken at the North Carolina Memorial Hospital with the purpose of controlling these variables without sacrificing diagnostic accuracy.


Abstract  Background and Aim of the Study: Traditional left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation requires extensive dissection and use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Potential adverse effects of CPB in very ill end‐stage heart failure patients include right ventricular dysfunction, end‐organ injury, and bleeding. We sought to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of LVAD insertion without CPB. Methods: The Jarvik 2000 is an axial‐flow pump newly involved in a phase I clinical trial in status I patients as a bridge to transplantation. Seven patients received this pump through thoracotomy or sternotomy with or without the use of CPB. Results: All patients had NYHA class IV heart failure with end‐organ dysfunction requiring inotropic therapy. Two were in cardiogenic shock, necessitating full CPB support. Five patients had the Jarvik implanted off‐CPB. The off‐CPB patients were associated with decreased length of surgery, mechanical ventilation, blood transfusions, inotropic support, and hospital stay including rehabilitation. Nearly all of the patients had complete resolution of liver and kidney dysfunction. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that off‐CPB insertion of axial flow LVADs is feasible, safe, and potentially advantageous. Although we are encouraged by the perioperative simplicity of this strategy, we acknowledge that additional implants and comparisons of outcomes with traditional pulsatile and continuous flow device techniques will be necessary to advocate its widespread adoption.


For a Vlasov treatment of longitudinal stability under an arbitrary wake field with the solution of the Haissinski equation as the unperturbed distribution, it is important to have the action-angle transformation for the distorted potential well in a convenient form. We have written a code that gives the transformation q, p/spl rarr/J, /spl phi/, with q(J, /spl phi/) as a Fourier series in /spl phi/, the Fourier coefficients and the Hamiltonian H(J) being spline functions of J in C/sup 2/ (having continuous second derivatives).


Improving access to college for Latinos and other underrepresented minorities is a serious policy dilemma, particularly in states where they constitute large and growing numbers of the college-age population. Latinos as a group face numerous obstacles to college attendance, including a lack of knowledge about college and how to get there, inadequate financial resources, and the absence of adequate adult guidance for navigating the college choice and enrollment process. This article describes the separation between K-12 and postsecondary education that contributes to Latino students' transition problems between levels. School-university collaboration and partnerships and early interventions activities have helped to mitigate such problems since the 1960s. A new form of interaction between levels, K-16 educational coordination, is described as a recent and increasingly popular policy strategy for addressing the problem. Texas is used to illustrate the development of such policy over five state legislative sessions and within the state's race-neutral context.


We report the first two pediatric patients with CF who underwent successful combined liver‐pancreas transplantation in Australia and New Zealand for CF liver disease and CF‐related diabetes mellitus.


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The aim of our work was the experimental development of the optimal laser radiation regime (laser wavelength 980 nm) for dissecting scars of the upper respiratory tract in terms of lateral thermal damage to surrounding tissues. Thermal damage is of fundamental importance when exposed to scar tissue, since it leads to inflammation in the dissection zone, which increases the risk of restenosis. The study was conducted on the basis of the Chair of Otorhinolaryngology with a clinic of Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University. A pork tendon was chosen as a model of biological tissue due to the similar optical and mechanical properties of scar tissue. The incision was made in the continuous contact mode at a power of 7 W and in the contact pulse mode at a power of 15 W (pulse – 20 ms, pause – 60 ms). The impact on the tissue in these modes was carried out in two directions: from the proximal edge of the tendon to the distal and vice versa. The measurement of the width of the ablation and coagulation zones was carried out under microscopic conditions using an eyepiece micrometer with an increase of ×40. The average width of the zone of lateral tissue damage when exposed in the contact pulse mode in the distal direction is 355±19 nm, which is comparable with the results of a CO2-laser in the superpulse mode. Keywords: diode laser, laryngeal cicatricial stenosis model.


Background The inherited eye disease retinitis pigmentosa (RP) causes photoreceptor degeneration, which may lead to blindness through a still unknown cell death mechanism(s). Currently, no therapies have yet shown longterm preservation of photoreceptor function and vision in RP patients. The second messenger cGMP is elevated during photoreceptor cell death and interventions with its binding proteins have been shown to reduce photoreceptor degeneration. This suggests cGMP, as well as its binding proteins, as RP disease drivers and their potential as therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers.


The invention belongs to the technical field of 3G wireless network, discloses a power management method and device for portable 3G wireless internet device, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: detecting 3G network service condition of a user when detecting that the user is accessed into the network in a first predetermined time, and adjusting speed of WIFI in real time accordingto a detected condition of 3G network used by the user, controlling a WIFI module to emit corresponding power aiming at different WIFI speed. The power management method and device for portable 3G wireless internet device can adjust the working condition of each system module by detecting the working condition of portable 3G wireless internet device so as to achieve the aim of working on-demand and reducing system consumption. The consumption of the 3G internet device is reduced so as to solve internet problems of a plurality of wireless terminals and get rid of limitation of geographic spaceand wiring in traditional internet mode; the resource-sharing of 3G network and internet is realized and the application of 3G network can be spread to broader fields.