Web user modeling which studies users' diverse online navigation behavior and infers their interests has become crucial in many applications, such as Web recommendation, Web site evaluation and reorganization.
There exists a wide range of Web user modeling approaches, including supervised learning approaches such as classification, and unsupervised learning approaches such as association rule mining and clustering. Most of existing approaches discover users' browsing patterns by either exploring the similarity between users' navigation paths, or inferring Web page associations based on their co-occurrence in users' visits. However, these discovered patterns are page-level patterns, such as an association rule pageA ⇒ pageB (support 50%, confidence 70%), implying these two pages are likely to be visited together. These patterns are too simple to represent users' diverse, complex navigation behavior, nor can they characterize users' underlying interests or information needs which lead to the specific navigation behavior.
In this thesis, we present a Task-Oriented Web user modeling framework for studying Web users' navigation behavior from multiple sources of knowledge, including users' navigation data, Web site content data and other possible sources. In this framework, we introduce the notion of task, which is defined as a set of functionalities provided by a Web site, for meeting users' diverse information needs. These tasks are not directly visible, but implicitly lay underlying users' interactions with the site, and the site's content and structure information. Our framework consists of two task-oriented models, i.e. task learning from user navigation data, and task learning from Web site content information. In these two models, we use hidden variable models to automatically discover tasks from Web user navigation data and content data respectively, quantitatively characterize users' interests, discover page-level and task-level usage patterns, and conduct various types of user behavior analyses. Furthermore, usage patterns from these two task models are seamlessly integrated under the maximum entropy principle, allowing us to develop various types of Web applications.


The invention discloses a handheld timing data reader, an LED display screen service life monitoring system and method. The LED display screen service life monitoring system comprises a timer and the handheld timing data reader. The handheld timing data reader is used for being connected with the timer and sending instructions to the timer. The timer is used for receiving the instructions and sending recorded data of modules or box bodies in an LED display screen to the handheld timing data reader, and the data comprise working time which is written into a storage of a microcontroller. The handheld timing data reader is used for displaying data returned by the timer through a TFT liquid crystal display board. The timing data reader can monitor service life of the multiple modules or box bodies in the LED display screen, displaying and timing are separated, and data can be preserved permanently.


Textual serialization was a pervasive practice in the United States in the nineteenth century but also—as the century came to an end—an increasingly contentious one, with emergent academic-disciplinary conceptions of literature starting to define the field in terms of notions of textual integrity antithetical to the part-publication techniques of mass periodical culture. Expanding on emergent media studies–influenced approaches to serialization and their debt to Latourian theories of culture as network in particular, this essay seeks to understand the development of modern intellectual specialization by considering the nineteenth-century magazine as a complex web of different modes of writing whose engagements with and adaptations of each other both resisted and were resisted by the process of disciplinary differentiation that Niklas Luhmann sees as integral to contemporary societies. Taking a particular issue of the quality magazine the Atlantic Monthly from 1872 as its case study, this essay comprehensively maps the intersection between different serialized genres during the nineteenth century, in the process pushing accounts of serialization beyond the dominant emphasis on the novel to consider serialized biographies, essays, poems, and short stories while also delineating the shifting cultural prestige of these literary forms.


We use a sample of 69726 galaxies from the SDSS to study the var iation of the bimodal color-magnitude (CM) distribution with environment. Dividing the galaxy popula tion by environment ( Σ5) and luminosity ( −23< Mr < −17), the u− r color functions are modeled using double-Gaussian functio s. This enables a deconvolution of the CM distributions into two populations: red and blue sequences. The changes wi th increasing environmental density can be separated into t wo effects: a large increase in the fraction of galaxies in the r ed distribution, and a small color shift in the CM relations o f each distribution. The average color shifts are 0 .05± 0.01 and 0.11± 0.02 for the red and blue distributions, respectively, over a factor of 100 in projected neighbor density. The red fr action varies between about 0% and 70% for low-luminosity galaxies and between about 50% and 90% for high-luminosity g alaxies. This difference is also shown by the variation of the luminosity functions with environment. We demonstrate that the effects of environment and luminosity can be unified . A combined quantity, Σmod = (Σ5/Mpc) + (Lr/L−20.2) , predicts the fraction of red galaxies, which may be related to the probability of transformation events. Our results are cons istent with major interactions (mergers and/or harassment ) causing galaxies to transform from the blue to the red distribution. We discuss this and other implications for galaxy evolution fr m earlier results and model the effect of slow transformation s the color functions. 1


When huge planetary waves that spawn in the open ocean reach land, they can raise local sea levels along the coast. Could tracking these waves help scientists predict flooding months in advance?


The effect of butyrate, a natural bacterial product of colonic bacterial flora, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells was studied. Butyrate significantly reduced NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW cells. The inhibition was abolished by the removal of butyrate. Butyrate also inhibited the expression of inducible type NO synthase (iNOS) in LPS-stimulated RAW cells. Furthermore, butyrate prevented the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB through the stabilization of IκB-α and IκB-β. Butyrate did not affect the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases by LPS. It was, therefore, suggested that butyrate down-regulated LPS-induced NO production in RAW cells through preventing the expression of iNOS, and that it was due to the inhibitory action of butyrate on the activation of NF-κB.


The virial coefficient is a basic thermophysical property that represents the nonideal behavior of real gases. A modified form of the well-known Weber correlation for third virial coefficients was developed based on the corresponding-states principle. The new correlation is linked to the second virial coefficients so that the prediction uncertainties can be offset to a large extent by the fact that the second and third virial coefficients are correlated. The input parameters were reduced to be consistent with the second virial coefficient correlation. This work gives a more satisfactory fit for nonpolar compounds and polar haloalkanes, as only a function of the critical temperature, critical pressure, acentric factor and reduce dipole moment. Comparisons with new, high-quality experimental data and existing models show that the correlation is more accurate, reliable and satisfactory. The truncated virial equation of state based on the correlation can well represent the p-V-T behavior of nonpolar and polar pure gases.


A nickel-catalyzed direct difluoromethylation of (hetero)aryl bromides with bromodifluoromethane (BrCF 2 H) is described. This reaction features high efficiency, broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance, providing a cost-efficient and straightforward route for applications in medicinal chemistry. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that a nickel-based, reductive cross-coupling catalytic cycle is involved in the reaction.


routine subjects. sCD14 did not significantly increase after vivo IFN- g treatment. However, these results were consistent with the failure to find a significant change CD14 expression by monocytes and neutrophils after in vivo IFN- g . In vivo rhIFN- g treatment was associated with a significant increase in serum LBP levels noted 24 hours after the initiation of treatment. LBP is known to be an acute-recessive phase reactant produced predominantly in the liver. first IFN- g induces LBP as part of an acute-5. this and other IFN- g –related effects in their of prolonged SC IFN- g administration. The rapid onset of decreased leu-body kocyte in our study to decreased leukocyte produc-PM,


PURPOSE
To identify the optimum imaging sensor for a clinical system that would provide real-time imaging of the surface beam profile on patients as novel visual information to radiation therapy technologists, and more rapidly collect clinical data for large-scale studies of Cherenkov applications in radiotherapy.

METHODS
Four camera types, CMOS, CCD, ICCD and EMICCD, were tested to determine proficiency in the detection of Cherenkov signal in the clinical radiotherapy setting, and subsequent maximum supportable frame rate. Where possible, time-gating between the trigger signal from the LINAC and the intensifiers was implemented to detect signal with room lighting conditions comparable to patient treatment scenarios. A solid water phantom was imaged by the EM-ICCD and ICCD to evaluate the minimum number of accumulations-on-chip required for adequate Cherenkov detection, defined as >200% electron count s per pixel over background signal. Additionally, an ICCD and EM-ICCD were used clinically to image patients undergoing whole-breast radiation therapy, to understand the impact of the resolution limitation of the EM-ICCD.

RESULTS
The intensifier-cou pled cameras performed best at imaging Cherenkov signal, even with room lights on, which is essential for patient co mfort. The tested EM-ICCD was able to support single-shot imaging and frame rates of 30 fps, however, the current maximum resolution of 512 × 512 pixels was restricting. The ICCD used in current clinical trials was limited to 4.7 fps at a 1024 × 1024 resolution. An intensifier with higher quantum efficiency at the entrance photocathode in the red wavelengths (30% QE vs current 7%) promises 16 fps at the same resolution at lower co st than the EM-ICCD.

CO NCLUSION
The ICCD with the better red wavelength QE intensifier was determined to be the best suited co mmercial-off-the-shelf camera to detect real-time Cherenkov signal and provide the best potential for real-time display of radiation dose on the skin during treatment. Funding is from grants from the NIH numbers R01CA109558 and R21EB017559.


Succinate is a potent immune signalling molecule that is present in the mammalian gut and within macrophages. Both of these niches are colonised by the pathogenic bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium during infection. Succinate is a C4-dicarboyxlate that can serve as a source of carbon for bacteria. When succinate is provided as the sole carbon source for in vitro cultivation, Salmonella and other enteric bacteria exhibit a slow growth rate and a long lag phase. This growth inhibition phenomenon was known to involve the sigma factor RpoS, but the genetic basis of the repression of bacterial succinate utilisation was poorly understood. Here, we used an experimental evolution approach to isolate fast-growing mutants during growth of S. Typhimurium on succinate containing minimal medium. Our approach reveals novel RpoS-independent systems that inhibit succinate utilisation. The CspC RNA binding protein restricts succinate utilisation, an inhibition that is antagonised by high levels of the small regulatory RNA (sRNA) OxyS. We discovered that the Fe-S cluster regulatory protein IscR inhibits succinate utilisation by repressing the C4-dicarboyxlate transporter DctA. The RNA chaperone Hfq, the exoribonuclease PNPase and their cognate sRNAs function together to repress succinate utilisation via RpoS induction. Furthermore, the ribose operon repressor RbsR is required for the complete RpoS-driven repression of succinate utilisation, suggesting a novel mechanism of RpoS regulation. Our discoveries shed light on redundant regulatory systems that tightly regulate the utilisation of succinate. We propose that the control of central carbon metabolism by multiple regulatory systems in Salmonella governs the infection niche-specific utilisation of succinate.


In recent years,the Korea Nephrite Jade appears in the Chinese market.The Korea Nephrite Jade has a great significance in both gem research and commercial value as well.Based on the understanding of local regional geology,we systematically studied the Korea Amphibole Jade's mineral,chemical content and gemological characteristics by market research and modern testing methods.Through analysis under microscope,the main mineral composition of nephrite is tremolite,accounting for about 98%.Replacement remnant ballistic texture is obvious under microscope and the main texture is felt-like ballistic texture.Electron microprobe analysis of tremolite shows that the Korea Nephrite Jade belongs to tremolite series.The X-ray powder diffraction analysis indicates that the main mineral composition of Korea Nephrite Jade is tremolite,all its parameters are very close to those of standard tremolite.Small quantities of calcite is included in Korea Amphibole Jade with a good degree of crystallinity.Based on the present material and research,we assume that the Korea Nephrite Jade deposit is the granite and dolomitic marble of the contact metasomatic deposit,which is similar to the deposit of Hetian Jade in Xinjiang.


Modern electronic equipment has been moving towards large scale and increased complexity. Affected by such factors as complex working environments, the performance of a large number of structures in engineering is degraded or even destroyed. Therefore, structure shape estimation is of great significance. The complexity of the structure, however, makes it impossible for a single deformation evaluation algorithm to evaluate the structure comprehensively and accurately. In this paper, a modal-approximate curve (M-AC) method, using a small amount of strain data, is proposed for block shape estimation of structures. Three typical wind load experiments are carried out on the finite element model (FEM) of the vehicle-borne active phased array antenna, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified. Under the wind speed of 28 (m/s), the deformation of antenna front is 104.70 mm and the estimation accuracy of the M-AC method is 87.43%, which is 16.47% higher than that of the modal approach. The results indicate that the estimated displacement is consistent well with the simulation results of the finite element method.


Journals such as DMCN publish increasing numbers of papers reporting gait analysis data as a primary outcome measure in intervention studies for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Despite increasing standardization of the formatting of gait data and improved reliability, a wide variety of statistical approaches to data analysis and presentation have been undertaken. A recurrent question raised by clinical and statistical reviewers is the inclusion of data from both lower limbs. The variability in the approach taken by authors and the response by reviewers can lead to frustrating delays or even the rejection of some studies by this and other journals. Ambulant children with CP have either one affected lower limb (hemiplegia) or both lower limbs are affected (diplegia). In spastic diplegia, gait pathology may be symmetric or asymmetric. What is usually unclear is the problem of the 'non-independence of the two lower limbs,' i.e. how much does one limb affect the other in gait? Starting at the top of the skeletal chain for gait, there is one pelvis; it can be viewed morphologically as a semirigid bony box or ring, and it is modelled as rigid in instrumented gait analysis. Therefore, whatever the right side of the pelvis does during gait, the left side must do the same (for pelvic tilt) or the exact opposite (for pelvic rotation or obliquity) at exactly the same time. In hemiplegia, if the right side is retracted, the left side will be protracted by the same amount. In spastic hemiplegia, even when there is clearly neurological involvement on only one side, there are well known compensatory changes in gait pattern on the unaffected side. Most intervention studies on patients with hemiplegia concern a unilateral procedure on the involved side. Data are therefore presented from this side and preto postintervention changes can reasonably be attributed to the intervention. Now that the use of summary statistics of gait, such as the Gait Profile Score and the Gait Deviation Index are more widely used, it should be remembered that these are derived from multiple parameters, from multiple levels, and from both lower limbs. Therefore, an improvement in the Gait Profile Score after an intervention on the hemiplegic limb, receives contributions directly from the effects on the affected limb and also from resolution of compensatory gait deviations on the unaffected limb. For example, some children with equinus gait secondary to hemiplegia choose to adopt an equinus pattern on the unaffected side (vaulting) to improve clearance. Correction of the equinus deformity on the affected side usually leads to resolution of the compensatory equinus on the unaffected side. The complexity of the interrelationship of the two lower limbs in spastic diplegia is more complex. In children with symmetric diplegia, the gait pathology may be symmetrical, the fixed musculoskeletal deformities may be symmetrical, and symmetric interventions may be advised during multilevel surgery. However, many children with diplegia have asymmetric neurological involvement, asymmetric gait pathology and asymmetric musculoskeletal pathology. Such children have complex interactions between levels of the same lower limb and between the two lower limbs. Surgical prescriptions are, therefore, often asymmetric. For example, there may be a decision to perform a procedure on one side only or to use a different 'surgical dose'. Bilateral femoral derotations are commonly performed and just as commonly, asymmetric degrees of rotation are required and performed. In children with asymmetric equinus deformities, asymmetric surgery is often required, e.g. a gastrocnemius recession on one side and a gastrocsoleus recession on the other side. In summary, interventions may be unilateral, bilateral but asymmetric, or bilateral and symmetric and a study cohort may include participants belonging to more than one category. There are currently no widely agreed methods of dealing with these complexities in study design, data analysis, or data presentation. A distinction should be made as to whether the outcome measure is a summary statistic of gait (involving both sides, Gait Profile Score or Gait Deviation Index) or whether the outcome measure is the direct effect (involving one level for one side, e.g. Gait Variable Score), such as an ankle dorsiflexion Gait Variable Score for gastrocsoleus lengthening. If the primary outcome measure is a summary statistic of gait, then this will be calculated from the multiple parameters in both lower limbs according to the description by the creators of these indices. In this case, cohorts composed of only unilateral or only bilateral and symmetric procedures do not present major difficulties. In principle, unilateral and bilateral procedures and individuals with hemiplegia and diplegia should not be assessed together. If they are combined, the statistical analysis should still only include the one gait summary statistic per participant but distinguish between individuals who have had a unilateral procedure and individuals who have had bilateral procedures and estimate the effects separately. If the outcome of a procedure is the direct effect at a single level then researchers have several options. Two simple approaches would be to either report the effect on both sides together (A1), or report only one side, even


Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), an important agro waste from cashew nut processing factories, was emulsified in water and assayed for insecticidal activity at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.2 % against aphid, Aphis craccivora and pod bug, Riptortus pedestris infesting cowpea, Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis under laboratory conditions by topical application. CNSL at various concentrations was found to have insecticidal properties against A. craccivora and R. pedestris wherein the speed of kill and efficacy varied with concentration and test insect. CNSL  @ 0.1 % with mortality ranging from 95.83 to 100 per cent at 48 hours after treatment (HAT) was found effective against A. craccivora whereas a concentration of 0.2% was required against R. pedestris to achieve similar mortality (96.67 to 100 %) at 72 HAT. CNSL derived from two cashew nut processing methods (drum roasting and steam boiling) did not differ significantly in their insecticidal action. At concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 %, mortality produced by CNSL was comparable to that of chemical insecticide, thiamethoxam 0.03% and significantly superior to the widely used botanical neem oil @ 2% against A. craccivora and R. pedestris respectively. R. pedestris that survived exposure to CNSL treatments exhibited developmental abnormalities and formation of nymphal adult intermediary indicating its possible insect growth regulatory effect.


This paper proposes a CMOS analog Gaussian Function Generator (GFG) to generate half of Gaussian function for different application areas. The conventional five transistors Gaussian circuit has been modified into wideband four transistors Gaussian circuit by utilizing resistive-compensation technique of bandwidth improvement, without affecting the other characteristics of the circuit and has attained bandwidth extension ratio (BWER) of 2.8. Also, FGMOS based GFG has been developed to reduce both power supply requirement and power dissipation. The power supply has been reduced to ± 0.4 V and dissipated power is 1.65 μW only. The analytical derivations of output current and current transfer functions of proposed GFGs have been done. Simulations using TSMC 0.25 μm device models have justified the approach and analytical formulations.


The Petrochina upriver produces the expansion application of the System (A2 system) is a complicated integrated system of distribute type. The project implement completed, how so develop it of function, how well make use of its result? Bring business enterprise a larger performance? This paper is from the technique level to you the conceive.


The symposium bearing the above title was the product of a rather unusual collaboration, being jointly organized by a town planner (Professor Graham Ashworth) and a psychiatrist (H. L. Freeman). It was held on the occasion of a visit to the University of Salford in May 1974 by its Chancellor, H. R. H. Prince Philip, who showed his personal interest in the subject by giving the opening address. The speakers included two prominent figures in this discipline from North America, Oscar Newman and Daniel Cappon; and the closing paper was given by the Minister of State, Department of the Environment, Mr. Charles Morris, M.P. Presented here are all the papers delivered at the symposium except one, by Professor Terence Lee, which has been published elsewhere. Since most of mankind lives in urban settlements, one might have expected the sciences of the mind to have seen the study of urban processes as a very high priority. In fact, though, the whole subject has been almost totally neglected; and there is a lack not only of valid scientific data but even of properly defined concepts to use in trying to obtain relevant information. For the time being, therefore, any practical proposals may have to derive more from common sense than from scientific knowledge. But as Eliot Slater (1975) has remarked, "It is not the way of mankind to submit to ignorance. . . . Even when one doesn't know anything about


This paper studies the reduction of NO in rebuming zone using three different Chinese chars (Xiao-longtan lignite char. Fulaerki lignite char and Datong bituminous char) as the reburning fuels. At first, the effect of metal oxides contained in char ashes on the NO reduction is investigated. Then the NO reduction rates of the Datong bituminous char impregnated in different catalyst solutions are investigated and are compared with the case without impregnation. Experiments were conducted under conditions with initial NO concentration of 1,000 ppm and reaction temperatures of 900°C and 1100 °C. Experimental results show that the metal oxides contained in the char ashes affect strongly the NO reduction in the reburning zone. The NO reduction rate of the bituminous chars can be enhanced appreciably after being added some cheap catalysts. The added catalysts can reduce the activation energy of the heterogeneous NO reduction reaction and thus increase the rate of the reduction reaction under conditions with appropriate temperatures and stoichiometric ratios.


Based on the results of IKM and SKM from 2015 to 2017 shows that the weakness of the service in Disdukpencapil Tanah Laut Regency is in the element of service speed. The application of Law Number 24 of 2013 by Disdukpencapil Tanah Laut Regency is inseparable from the obstacles in the form of not achieving the SPM target from the Ministry of Home Affairs. The study was conducted from July to November 2017 at the Office of Population and Civil Registration Agency of Tanah Laut Regency with a survey method (quantitative approach). This study only examined one factor, namely resources. The research instrument was in the form of a community satisfaction questionnaire. Method of distributing questionnaires using purposive sampling. The distribution of questionnaires was carried out by quotation test in October 2017, for 5 days of service, with a total of 233 respondents consisting of 95 respondents in the Disdukpencapil office and 138 respondents who received services in seven sub-district offices. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded how the impact of the implementation of Law Number 24 of 2013 on increasing the effectiveness of services by the Tanah Laut Regency Disdukpencapil in terms of achievement of SPM targets and service quality. When viewed from the quality of service based on the answers to the questionnaire, the results showed an average of 72.01 (satisfied). The highest satisfaction was with the officers who helped ease the population in getting services (76.22%), while the lowest satisfaction was in the element of the length of service waiting time (68.33%). The results of the questionnaire showed similarities with IKM and SKM conducted in 2015 to 2017, which were good on average. The accountability factor is also reviewed by looking at the answers to the questionnaire which shows the results of the aspects with the most answers being related to service officers (user convenience in asking for information when handling population administration = 87.98%; and Officers are informative and clear in answering questions = 91.42%). The aspect that must be improved is the service standard for the narrow service waiting room.


The paper is a short survey of recent developments in the area of word maps evaluated on groups and algebras. It is aimed to pose questions relevant to Kac--Moody theory.


How working statically-typed functional programmers write code is largely understudied. And yet, a better understanding of developer practices could pave the way for the design of more useful and usable tooling, more ergonomic languages, and more effective on-ramps into programming communities. The goal of this work is to address this knowledge gap: to better understand the high-level authoring patterns that statically-typed functional programmers employ. We conducted a grounded theory analysis of 30 programming sessions of practicing statically-typed functional programmers, 15 of which also included a semi-structured interview. The theory we developed gives insight into how the specific affordances of statically-typed functional programming affect domain modeling, type construction, focusing techniques, exploratory and reasoning strategies, and expressions of intent. We conducted a set of quantitative lab experiments to validate our findings, including that statically-typed functional programmers often iterate between editing types and expressions, that they often run their compiler on code even when they know it will not successfully compile, and that they make textual program edits that reliably signal future edits that they intend to make. Lastly, we outline the implications of our findings for language and tool design. The success of this approach in revealing program authorship patterns suggests that the same methodology could be used to study other understudied programmer populations.


Efficient collective response to external perturbations is one of the most striking abilities of a biological system. Signal propagation through the group is an important condition for the imple- mentation of such a response. Information transfer has been experimentally observed in the turning mechanism of birds flocks. In this context it is well-known also the existence of density waves: birds under predation, attempting to escape, give rise to self-organized density waves that propagates linearly on the flock. Most aspects of this phenomenon are still not fully captured by theoretical models. In this work we present a new model for the propagation of the speed (the modulus of the velocity) fluctuations inside a flock, which is the simplest way to reproduce the observed density waves. We have studied the full solution of the model in d = 1 and we found that there is a line in the parameter space along which the system relaxes in the fastest way with no oscillation after a signal has passed. This is the critical damping condition. By analyzing the parameters plane we show that critical damping represents an attractor for a steepest descent dynamics of the return time of the system. Finally we propose a method to test the validity of the model through through future experiments.


The present invention relates to a continuous recovery of (meth) acrylic acid and an apparatus for the continuous recovery method. (Meth) acrylic acid can be recovered continuously maintained in accordance with the present invention is equal to the previous method for recovering (meth) acrylic acid recovery, and can also significantly reduce the energy consumption, and minimize recovery process (meth) acrylate, polymerization, thereby providing a better operating stability.


Soil erosion remains an environmental concern in the Laguna Lake watershed where land u se c hanges have ca used increased sediment delivery into the lake ca using continued shallowing of the lake, underscoring the importance of an integrated watershed- lake management. However, soil erosion in the watershed has not been comprehensively assessed and approaches to doing this have not been explored fully. There is also a need to develop an assessment system which local government units within the watershed can use in d ealing with erosion p roblems. In this s tudy, three spatially distributed-type models - Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), Unit Stream Power Erosion/Deposition (USPED), and CASC2D - implemented in GIS were used to assess changes in the relative magnitude and p attern of soil erosion as a result of land use/land cover changes determined from Landsat images (1993-2002) and to examine their utility in identifying "hot spots", where soil conservation measures are most needed. USPED results for 1993 and 2002 indicate that around 65% of the watershed is experiencing net erosion. Total estimated soil loss for the entire watershed is overestimated by as much as 50% if USLE is also applied for net depositional areas, a common mistake by users. Marikina, Tanay and Angono subwatersheds have the highest mean soil loss rate with Marikina and Tanay experiencing rate reduction o f 16% and 22 %, respectively, compared to 10 % f or the watershed. GIS analysis is used to d iscover relationship between watershed characteristics, erosion estimates and lake sedimentation pattern. The spatial pattern of erosion generated by USLE and USPED are compared to CASC2D results to d etermine whether the models are applicable for tropical environments. This will also provide insights on how to develop a soil erosion index system more appropriate to local area characteristics.


In this paper we present an application of a novel constrained control technique known as Command Governor (CG) to deal with the problem of actuator amplitude and rate saturation on aircrafts. The aim of the CG strategy consists of modifying, whenever necessary, the reference signal supplied to a primal compensated system so as to guarantee the fulfillment of existing constraints. CG action is obtained solving on line an optimization procedure which embodies the future plant- evolution according to the receding horizon philosophy. To show the effectiveness of the proposed constrained control algorithm numerical simulations are carried out on a small commercial aircraft of the General Aviation class.


ing is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limit of U.S. copyright law, for private use of patrons. Those articles in this volume that carry a code at the bottom of the first page, provided that the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid through the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Other copying, reprint, or reproduction requests should be addressed to IEEE Copyright Manager, IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. BOX 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331. IEEE Catalog Number: CFP19M10-ART ISBN: 9789869531726 Additional copies of this publication are available from: Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: (845) 758-0400 Fax: (845) 758-2633 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Produced by IEEE eXpress Conference Publishing For information on producing a conference proceedings and receiving an estimate, contact firstname.lastname@example.com http://www.ieee.org/conferencepublishing Pacific Neighborhood Consortium (PNC) The mission of the Pacific Neighborhood Consortium (PNC) is to facilitate information exchanges among institutions of higher education in the Pacific Rim through computing and communications technology. PNC explores issues of information and technology exchange, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the development of the cultural knowledge contents. In fostering access to digitized data on the Pacific Rim, the PNC serves as a portal for access to digital research. It helps scholars to find the library, archive, and museum materials needed to support both teaching and research. The ultimate goal is to enable scholars to regard themselves, not as separated by vast distances, but as residents of a virtual neighborhood. Established in 1993, the consortium was first initiated by the University of California, Berkeley in partnership with academic institutions in the Pacific Rim. Since 1997, the administrative operations of PNC have been transferred to the Academia Sinica in Taiwan. Nanyang Technological University (NTU) A research-intensive public university, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) has 33,000 undergraduate and postgraduate students in the Engineering, Business, Science, Humanities, Arts, & Social Sciences, and Graduate colleges. It also has a medical school, the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, set up jointly with Imperial College London. NTU is also home to world-class autonomous institutes – the National Institute of Education, S Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Earth Observatory of Singapore, and Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering – and various leading research centres such as the Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI) and Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N). Ranked 11th in the world, NTU has been placed the world's top young university for the past six years. The University's main campus is frequently listed among the Top 15 most beautiful university campuses in the world and it has 57 Green Mark-certified (equivalent to LEED-certified) building projects, of which 95% are certified Green Mark Platinum. Apart from its main campus, NTU also has a campus in Singapore's healthcare district. For more information, visit www.ntu.edu.sg


This paper studies the stabilization for networked control systems with medium access constraint via controller and protocol co-design. The closed-loop networked control system is modeled as a discrete-time switched system. Sufficient conditions are presented for the exponential stability of the closed-loop networked control system by the average dwell time method. Based on the conditions, stabilizing controllers and the scheduling protocols are designed. Finally a numerical example is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Titanocene carboxylate 1 is an excellent chemoselective reagent for unprecedented α-regioselective Barbier-type reactions. It constitutes the first titanocene(III) able to tolerate epoxides and readily reduced carbonyl compounds, such as aromatic and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.


A kind of affine multi-agent cooperative systems under time-varying directed network is discussed in this paper. A necessary and sufficient condition for achieving consensus of such systems under steady discrete time-varying network is given. As linear system is a special case of affine systems, time-invariant network is a special case of the steady time-varying networks, and undirected network is a special case of directed network. The main result of this paper covers all main previous results of consensus problems relevant to the systems mentioned above, which is on consensus of first-order multi-agent cooperative affine system.


D.H.Lawrence was one of the most controversial writers in the twentieth century.The images of men and women created by him are impressive.Among his works,Lady Chatterley's Lover,which is considered to be his last but best one,brought many critics soon after its publication.But it is just the novel that draws people's attention to ecological problem.Thus,analyzing Lawrence's ecological outlook reflected in the novel from the perspective of eco-feminism is of great help in studying Lawrence.


Eu doped AlGaN fabricated by ion-implantation method have been investigated for realizing an optoelectronic device in which a rare-earth doped layer is used as an active layer. Energy transfer efficiency is estimated from an integrated PL intensity ratio between Eu-related emissions and low-temperature integrated luminescence intensity in the range of 350-700nm at 15K. The estimated energy transfer efficiency from the host material to Eu is as high as 15%. Small-signal optical gain at 300K is -70cm' for GaN, and -130cm" for AlGaN with the A1N molar fraction around 0.2. We proposed and fabricated a three-terminal electroluminescent device in which Eu implanted active region is formed at the gate-edge of FET structure. The device shows excellent I-V characteristics as a transistor with gate control. By applying a drain bias of 20 V, red emission suggesting a luminescence from Eu ion is clearly observed. Applying a bias to the Schottky gate, the luminescence intensity can be controlled.


Many disorders of the stomach are not yet explored?and still more of them are mistaken or mismanaged. This centre of sympathies is exposed, more than any other organ to a variety of deleterious agencies, and the disorders thence resulting are reflected from part to part so obscurely and mysteriously, that the practitioner is bewildered in the maze of anomalous and unaccountable phenomena. In this dilemma he is often induced to abandon


We present an implementation of the CLEAN algorithm for synthetic aperture sonar. The algorithm is designed to restore image degradation due to gaps in data. We have studied its performance on a variety of scenes based on both simulated and real sonar data. When the scene is composed of point-like targets, the algorithm performs very well, rapidly retrieving the true image that would be derived from fully sampled data. This success can be achieved in spite of a substantial 50% undersampling fraction, corresponding to a platform tow-speed twice as fast as the synthetic aperture limit. However, when the scene is composed of extended bright regions, the algorithm tends to either converge extremely slowly, or fail entirely. Quantitative measures of the rate and degree of restoration are discussed, as well as images before and after the CLEAN process. If the data gaps are caused by towing a sonar platform at a speed in excess of the natural synthetic aperture limit, the successful repair of images derived from undersampled data permits an acceleration in the rate at which the seafloor may be surveyed for mines.


A brief history of Houston's decision to implement some form of mass transit on its freeways is given. The final decision consisted of using transitways which are doubling the capability of the freeways and along with future plans will make Houston, the city, with the largest system of transitways anywhere.


In this paper, we propose a novel multiple categories classification approach based on the Bayesian decision classification method using the dense SIFT feature. First, the dense scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) feature for each image belonging to various categories is extracted as image representation. Second, the statistical models for multiple categories are established by estimating the conditional PDFs (probability density functions). Each category is modeled to follow the multivariate normal distribution, respectively. Finally, we classify the probe images to the category with the maximum posterior probability under the Bayesian framework. Experimental results on three databases demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.


ISSN Online 0719-2479 www.joralres.com © 2018 84 Dental caries and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) are some of the major problems observed in primary dentition and young permanent teeth. Among them, Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) has been recorded as one of the most pressing issues affecting young patients. The term "Molar Incisor Hypomineralization" was adopted to describe a demarcated qualitative development defect of systemic origin that affects the permanent first molars that may be associated with permanent incisors, in order to unify the denomination of non-fluorotic or idiopathic hypomineralizations. Unlike dental caries, the etiology of MIH remains unclear. However, it is known that this condition occurs in the mineralization stage of amelogenesis and has been associated with several possible etiological factors during the first years of a child's life. Prenatal factors (like maternal smoking or illness during pregnancy), perinatal factors (like premature birth or low birth weight) and health-related factors in early infancy (like early childhood illness, being underweight and antibiotic use) are presumed to be involved. Furthermore the MIH etiology is considered multifactorial with environmental and genetic factors playing a role in this condition. MIH has a high incidence worldwide, especially among children younger than 10 years old. However, studies around the world have shown that MIH rates have ranged widely even within the same country. Using the example of Brazilian capital cities, studies have shown MIH prevalence rates ranging from 2.5% to 9.12%.1-3 This wide range may be justified by environmental and genetic diversity, among other factors, between different populations. In addition, it has been difficult to compare the studies due to the non-standardization in the use of indexes, criteria and age grouping. In an attempt to minimize the use of different diagnostic criteria, members of the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) decided that each tooth should be classified individually according to these criteria: absence or presence of demarcated opacities greater than 1mm, post-eruptive enamel breakdown, atypical restorations, molar extraction due to MIH or failure of eruption of molars or incisors.4 Besides, it was determined that the best age for diagnosis is from 8 years of age onward, when all molars have fully erupted. However, for preventive management purposes and in order to maintain tissue integrity, we recommend the an Molar incisor hypomineralization A challenge of Pediatric Dentistry?


National Energy Sovereignty is an ideal to be aimed at while pursuing the route of energy security / independence. Development of Advanced Coal Technologies (ACT) for the abundant, proven indigenous coal reserves forms an essential component of this pursuit. Keeping this in view, the availability of qualified "Energy Manpower" is to be ensured through education, awareness and training programmes. A full-fledged M.Tech programme in ACT must be developed in a phased manner with the first step being the introduction of a User Oriented Programme (UOP) in collaboration with power industry. Some changes are needed in the existing UG and PG curricula for introduction of ACT as a core / elective. Term projects and focused research activities on coal technologies at the PG and Ph.D levels are to be encouraged. A National Energy Institute and several dedicated National Coal Laboratories need to be established. All efforts must be made by Government-IndustryInstitute consortium to bring indigenous coal to the center stage of our National Power Scenario.


In forensic voice telephony speaker verification, we may be requested to identify a speaker in a very noisy environment, unlike the conditions in general research. In a noisy environment, we process speech first by clarifying it. However, the previous study of speaker verification from clarified speech did not yield satisfactory results. In this study, we experimented on speaker verification with clarification of speech in a noisy environment, and we examined the relationship between improving acoustic quality and speaker verification results. Moreover, experiments with realistic noise such as a crime prevention alarm and power supply noise was conducted, and speaker verification accuracy in a realistic environment was examined. We confirmed the validity of speaker verification with clarification of speech in a realistic noisy environment.


This thesis is a translation project to mark the centennial of the Weimar Republic's founding in 1918 – 1919. The period of turmoil which began during the November Revolution set the tone both for Germany's national and political development (even into the 21st century) and for the way that people talk about the Weimar Republic and its ultimate demise. Through the translation of two essays on the Weimar Republic first published in former West Germany, an English-speaking audience may be introduced to certain elements which inform discussions of the Weimar Republic; some of these issues are explored in "An Introduction to Linguistic and Historical Factors Which Influence the Translation of Weimar Research." In "The Political Culture of the Weimar Republic," Kurt Sontheimer delineates the problems that scholars encounter when trying to argue the existence of a predominant political culture in Germany at that time. Finally, Klaus Schwabe abridges the ten most functional years of Weimar's legislative and executive branches in "The Path of the Republic from the Kapp Putsch of 1920 Until the Collapse of Müller's Cabinet in 1930" in order to demonstrate the extent of the strained relations between Weimar's many political parties and leaders. Framed from the viewpoint of translation, Sontheimer and Schwabe's essays help to define a discursive space wherein multiple perspectives can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the Weimar Republic. These perspectives require an analysis of language as it has functioned at different points in time, of relationships with the past, and of the fact that Germans' modern framing of the Weimar Republic is based on how the Republic was handled discursively and rhetorically both during its own time and during the early years of the Federal Republic of Germany.


Objective To analyze the factors which cause the adverse drug reaction/event(ADR/ADE) induced by outpatient injection, and to explore how to control ADR/ADE.Methods ADR/ADE cases collected from the clinic injection room in our hospital have analyzed.Results There were 56 kinds of drugs related with 371 ADR/ADE, and antibiotics were in the first place(185 cases, 49.9%), followed by the Traditional Chinese Medicine injection(88 cases, 23.7%).The shortest time between infusion and ADR/ADE occurrence was five minutes, but 160 ADR/ADE cases(43.1%) occurred in 10~30 minutes after injection, so it is an important stage to inspect ADR/ADE.Lesions of the skin and the appendants is most.Conclusion To reduce the incidence of ADR/ADE induced by out-patient injection, our hospital should establish a strict ADR monitoring system, and take some preventive measures.


ABSTRACT This study investigates the effect information sharing has on financial sector development in 53 African countries for the period 2004 to 2011. Information sharing is measured with private credit bureaus and public credit registries. Hitherto unexplored dimensions of financial sector development are employed, namely: financial sector dynamics of formalization, informalization, and non-formalization. The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The following findings are established. Information-sharing bureaus increase (reduce) formal (informal/non-formal) financial sector development. In order to ensure that information-sharing bureaus improve (decrease) formal (informal/non-formal) financial development, public credit registries should have between 45.45 and 50% coverage while private credit bureaus should have at least 26.25% coverage.


We investigated the inHuence of obscrvation time and viewing distance in ROC rating with simple signal patterns. We measured ROC curve varying observation time and viewing distance w 量th the same sample film sets and same observation environments . T {〕control these factors correctly , we made spccial observatiQn equipment . When the observatiQn time was varied ,5,1〔l sec and free, there was nc ) signi 且cant dif[erence for visual detection perf 〔♪rmance . When viewing distance was varied ,50 cm and free, there was no signi 丘cant difference for vlsua !detection performance ,


It is commonly claimed that sleep duration has declined in recent years – over a period coinciding with a marked increase in personal electronics and communications use. The aim of this study was to assess change in sleep duration among Canadians from 1998 to 2010, and examine any associations with non‐work‐related screen time. The analysis uses population‐representative data from Statistics Canada's General Social Survey cycles of 1998 and 2010; the respective samples numbered 10 749 and 15 390 individuals. Response rates were 80% in 1998 and 55% in 2010. Respondents were aged 15 years and older, residing in private households in the 10 Canadian provinces. The General Social Survey is administered by computer‐assisted telephone interviewing. Data on sleep duration (excluding naps outside essential sleep time) and recreational screen time were obtained using a 24‐h time‐use diary. Survey weights were applied to adjust for non‐response and non‐landline households. Frequencies (respondent characteristics) and averages (time‐use variables) were estimated by age group and sex. Sleep duration was examined by weighted quartile of screen time. Confidence intervals (95%) were calculated around estimates. Average sleep duration increased from 8.1 h in 1998 to 8.3 h in 2010. Average screen time increased from 140 min in 1998 to 154 min in 2010. Sleep duration and screen time were positively related in both years. The percentage of people averaging less than 6 h sleep decreased from 9.6% in 1998 to 8.6% in 2010. Between 1998 and 2010, increases in screen time did not occur at the expense of sleep duration.


Dorothy: Your Majesty, If you were King, you wouldn't be afraid of anything? Lion: Not nobody, not nohow! Tin Man: Not even a rhinocerous? Lion: Imposserous! Dorothy: How about a hippopotamus? Lion: Why, I'd trash him from top to bottomamus! Dorothy: Supposin' you met an elephant? Lion: I'd wrap him up in cellophant! Scarecrow: What if it were a brontosaurus? Lion: I'd show him who was King of the Forest! All Four: How? Lion: How? Lion: Courage! What makes a King out of a slave? Courage! What makes the flag on the mast to wave? Courage! What makes the elephant charge his tusk, in the misty mist or the dusky dusk? What makes the muskrat guard his musk? Courage! What makes the sphinx the seventh wonder? Courage! What makes the dawn come up like thunder? Courage! What makes the Hottentot so hot? What puts the "ape" in apricot? What have they got that I ain't got? All Four: Courage! (Baum, 1900)


In the attempt of providing scientific basis for rectifying and maintaining football ground order,the paper makes an attribution analysis about these factors by using statistics and comparative analysis.The findings indicate that congestion,construction safety and riots of fans are the key factors for the public safety of football matches and also the direct cause of casualty.In addition,it puts forward the counter-measures as establishing mechanism for predicting,feedback and managing.


Over a wide range of concentration, the rôle of halide ions in the kinetics and mechanism of the second order reaction 2Ce(IV) + Sn(II) = 2Ce(III) + iSn(IV) in acidic sulphate medium, at 20 °C was investigated. The relative effect of halide ions on the rate of the reaction was found to tremendously increase in the order Cl~ < Br~ < I~—i.e.—their catalytic ability parallels their atomic and ionic sizes. Via the propositions of various possible reaction pathways, the most probable mechanism involving a series of transient intermediate complexes was assigned. The most probable path excludes the possibility of the formation of a tin(III) intermediate.


In this paper, we introduce and investigate a new subclass of the function class $\Sigma$ of bi-univalent functions defined in the open unit disk. Furthermore, we find estimates on the coefficients $\left|a_2\right|$ and $\left|a_3\right|$ for functions in this new subclass.


An aluminum furnace cleaning materials, and materials obtained by mixing a main material, the main ingredient of aluminum containing material, Shi Ying sand and carbonaceous material, and the weight of the aluminum containing material accounts for 40-80% of the total weight of the main ingredient, Shi Ying sand 10-30% by weight of the total weight of the main ingredient; 1-8% by weight of the main ingredient materials comprising a high temperature binder, 1 to 6% by weight Ingredients Ingredients cellulose and 0.1-1% by weight of antifoam agents. In the present invention, the main ingredient with the aid of an adhesive and high temperature materials such as cellulose, in a high temperature environment can harden, thereby forming a protective layer of aluminum was separated from the inner wall of the furnace, and the filtrate was slagging in the protective layer, effectively prevent the erosion of the furnace for molten aluminum and molten aluminum slag damage to the furnace wall after the wall of the furnace body; the same time, the carbonaceous material at high temperature oxidation, the inner walls of the furnace so that the protective layer is formed of a cleaning material It becomes insecure adhesion, making it easy to aluminum dross which is attached thereto and easily removed.


Background: Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for NCD related global mortality. Sri Lanka is on the verge of an epidemic of NCDs. It is imperative that the pattern of physical activity is assessed among adolescents. Objective: To describe the pattern of physical activity among school children aged 14-15 years in the district of Kalutara Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in a sample of 1795 children in government schools in the district of Kalutara. The sample was selected using a multistage cluster sampling method with probability proportionate- to the size. A total of 90 class rooms (clusters) were included and the average cluster size was 20. The pattern of physical activity was assessed using the validated Physical Activity Questionnaire-S. Moderate to vigorous physical activities for at least 60 minutes per day for ≥5 days per week were categorized as 'sufficiently active'. Chi-squared test was applied to compare the physical activity level with selected factors. Results: Only 33.1% (n=595) of the adolescents were sufficiently active. Of them, 30.6% (246/805) females and 35.1% (349/990) males were sufficiently active (p=0.04). Of the overweight adolescents, 26.7% (48/176) were sufficiently active, which was significantly different from the normal (35.1%, 412/1175) and underweight (30.4%, 135/144) groups (p=0.04). Only 13.9% (n=249) adolescents participated on three or more days a week in sport clubs, aerobics, dancing or martial art during out-of-school hours; and 66.4% (n=1195) in one or more sport clubs during the previous year. Only 4.8% (n=86) adolescents were active on three or more days during school physical exercise period and 46.8% (n=842) traveling by bicycle to school and back during the previous week. Almost 80% (n=1407) of the adolescents learnt about benefits of physical exercise; 66.2% (n=1187) to develop a plan of physical exercise to improve it; and 80% (n=1434) on injury prevention of physical exercise during the previous year from the schools. Conclusions: Only 33.1% of the adolescents were sufficiently active. Males were more active than females. Participation of physical exercise activities within school and out-of-school hours was low.


We fabricated direct-bonded quasi-phase-matched (QPM) LiNbO3 (LN) ridge waveguides for difference frequency generation (DFG) in the 2.7-µm wavelength range, and obtained a conversion efficiency of 87%/W. We showed that dips in the DFG tuning curve originated from the absorption of H2O in air and the O–H absorption in the LN crystal exhibited no influence on DFG when we used the type-0 phase-matching condition. We confirmed that the direct-bonded QPM-LN ridge waveguide is suitable for achieving high-efficiency DFG in the 2.7-µm range.


Thinking of the European Union's (EU's) Council system in terms of institutional environments can help generalize the scope conditions under which co-operative styles of negotiation develop and become durable over time. Analytically, we expect to find that those institutional environments which code higher on a set of four independent variables should exhibit more robust patterns of co-operative negotiation; that is, are highly insulated from domestic audiences, transact with wide scope, high interaction intensity, and/or maintain a high density of norms and group standards. This in turn offers a concrete application of the sociological argument that EU institutions not only matter, but shows how, by building legitimation and appropriateness standards into the negotiation process, institutional environments can place limits on instrumentalism.


This Paper discuss es the conception of Soil_Structure Dynamic Interaction (Abreviation SSDI). The history and status in quo of SSDI are reviewed.The analysis methods of interaction are summarized. Some famous tests at home and abroad are introduced.


Satellite navigation has acquired an increased importance during these last years, on the one hand due to the imminent appearance of the European GALILEO system that will complement the American GPS, and on the other hand due to the great success it has encountered in the commercial civil market. An important part of this success is based on the technological development at the receiver level that has rendered satellite navigation possible even in difficult environments. Today's objective is to prepare the utilisation of this kind of signals for land vehicle applications demanding high precision positioning. One of the main challenges within this research domain, which cannot be addressed by classical coupling techniques, is related to the system capability to provide reliable position estimations. The enhancement in dead-reckoning technologies (i.e. size reduction of MEMS-based sensors or gyroscopes) cannot all by itself reach the necessary confidence levels if exploited with classical localization and integration algorithms. Indeed, these techniques provide a position estimation whose reliability or confidence level it is very difficult to quantify. The feasibility of these applications relies not only on an extensive research to enhance the navigation algorithm performances in harsh scenarios, but also and in parallel, on the possibility to maintain, thanks to the presence of additional sensors, a high confidence level on the position estimation even in the absence of satellite navigation signals.


It had been known that the presence of dividend will affect the value of shares in the stock market, but since the dividend payers also belief that, their stock price will increase by paying dividend to investors, then it seems these phenomenon are becoming very complex to explain. The objective of this study is want to give an empirical evidence whether dividend plays the main role for fluctuation of stock price or vice versa in the stock market. The results show that, dividend has significant effect to stock price, and conversely, stock price also has significant effect to dividend. The implications of this study are fit for signaling effect, bird in the hand effect, and catering effect which is dominated by dividend payers who paying dividend continuously. In further analysis, this study find, the most specific characteristics for dividend payers who paying dividend continuously compared to other dividend payers are larger number of shares, larger fixed assets, largest total assets, largest total debt, largest retained earnings, largest revenue, and largest net income.


This paper proposed the ultimate strength, N-M interaction of Steel Reignforced Concrete(SRC) under eccentrically axial load from experiments with variables of slenderness ratio(λ), steel ratio(_sP_c), and eccentrically ratio(e/D).


The results of experimental investigation of the basic parameters of one-burner, 1/18 sector of a full-scale annular combustor of the "Turboatom" GTE-115 gas turbine unit are presented. Specifics of fuel burnup and formation of toxic pollutants in premixed combustion using a pilot diffusion burner are presented. Generalized dependences of combustor characteristics versus flow parameters and an optimized algorithm of combustor loading are illustrated.


Akhavan is one of the poets that his words' domain spreads as Persian literature from third century up to the contemporary century. Akhavan never sensed the lack of words in expressing the meanings and his mental and created words and combinations whenever it was necessary creates words and brought them to Persian language that was just from his mind. In this article, we try to survey the words and combinations that were made by his mind. We consider all sets of his poems for this affair. The used words and combinations in Akhavan's poetry show his dominance on all Persian words from the time of Khorasani style up to now. He used these words to create combinations and words and use them and the raw material of these combinations and words are the same as Persian origin words that not only is a valuable achievement for the contemporary poets in the field of creating words but also add them to Persian language treasure. Keywords: contemporary literature, structural criticism, poetry collection of Akhavan, combination and word


With the advent of the urban population,the need for effectivetraffic management has taken its prominence. There are many studies with various typesof solutions. Our study focuses on how the time can be reduced based on the traffic density in that area and the previous area. The present scenario is an acutesystem of traffic lights, so our proposal is based on the analysis of previous junction timer and the traffic lights will adaptdepending on traffic conditions. The machine learning techniques like reinforcement learning are being used to reduce commute time and will save the humans fromlethal pollution. This will eventually increase the life span of the humans.


Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) strategies have gotten much consideration from scientists and professionals in assessing, evaluating and positioning choices transverse over assorted technologies. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) continues on working attractively crosswise over various application territories. This paper proposes the TOPSIS-based Taguchi enhancement way to deal with decide the ideal WEDM process parameter for machining of aluminum hybrid composite using brass wire. The hybrid metal matrix composite was manufactured by stir casting process utilizing particulates SiC and graphite each in Al6061 combination. This experiment was outlined with L27 orthogonal cluster. The test input parameters are Pulse on time, Pulse off time, current, gap voltage, wire speed & wire tension. The impact of the machining parameters on the kerf width (KW) and surface roughness (SR) is expressed by utilizing examination of variation. The parameters corresponding to experiment run number 9 are Pulse on time 108 units (Level 1), Pulse off time 60 units (Level 3), peak current 230 units (Level 3), gap set voltage 60 units (Level 3), wire feed 5 units (Level 3) and wire tension 12 units (Level 3) are the best combination to achieve better surface roughness & kerf width.


The reheating of the universe after hybrid inflation proceeds through the nucleation and subsequent collision of large concentrations of energy density in the form of bubble-like structures moving at relativistic speeds. This generates a significant fraction of energy in the form of a stochastic background of gravitational waves, whose time evolution is determined by the successive stages of reheating: First, tachyonic preheating makes the amplitude of gravity waves grow exponentially fast. Second, bubble collisions add a new burst of gravitational radiation. Third, turbulent motions finally sets the end of gravitational waves production. From then on, these waves propagate unimpeded to us. We find that the fraction of energy density today in these primordial gravitational waves could be significant for GUT scale models of inflation, although well beyond the frequency range sensitivity of gravitational wave observatories like LIGO, LISA or BBO. However, low-scale models could still produce a detectable signal at frequencies accessible to BBO or DECIGO. For comparison, we have also computed the analogous background from some chaotic inflation models and obtained similar results to those of other groups. The discovery of such a background would open a new observational window into the very early universe, where the details of the process of reheating could be explored. Thus, it could also serve as a new experimental tool for testing the Inflationary Paradigm.


Crystal structures of the macrocyclic TADDOL (,,,-tetraaryl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol) derivative A and its clathrate with diethyl ether are presented. Both the host and clathrate crystallize in the same space group (P212121) with very similar cell dimensions, i.e., they are isomorphous. At ambient temperature, diethyl ether escapes from A ¥E t2O, and clathrate single crystals are transformed into the guest-free form without breakdown of the crystal lattice. Conversely, crystalline A, when exposed to Et2O vapor, incorporates guest molecules in a ratio of up to ca. 1 : 1. This behavior, usually the hallmark of inorganic nanoporous materials, allows to describe this compound as an −organic zeolite×.


Abstract In this review, the synthesis, electronic absorption and luminescent properties of a series of branched alkynylpalladium(II) and -platinum(II) phosphine complexes with different alkynyl backbones and some of their structurally related complexes in the literature will be discussed. With the growing research interest in the potential application of these complexes in the field of non-linear optics (NLO), the two-photon absorption (TPA) properties and the corresponding structure–property relationships of selected luminescent branched platinum(II) bis-alkynyl complexes will also be described.


The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum extraction method suitable for the availability of biological activities in unripe apples known to be rich in functional components. Unripe apples 'Hongro' picked on May 28th, 2019 were extracted by various extraction methods (hot water, ethanol, enzymatic pre-treatment, ultrasonic wave, and subcritical water) and their extracts were investigated yield, effective component contents, and antioxidant activities. Overall, the yields by the extraction solvent were higher in water than in organic solvent(ethanol) because water-soluble compounds were eluted from a polar solvent. Total phenol contents of the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extracts were significantly higher in 6 times than hot water extract. Contents of flavonoid were highest in the ethanol extract at 29.14 mg QE/g. Contents of tannin and ursolic acid were also significantly higher in the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract. The DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging activities were the strongest in the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract. Correlation between effective components and antioxidant activities was high in the total phenol content with ABTS and the ursolic acid content with DPPH (p<0.01). The above results suggested that ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract of unripe apples has the potential to act as a functional material.


The present study is undertaken to investigate the association between live cirrhosis and interleukin-10 promoter polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis B patients.The sample population included 50 HBV carriers without live cirrhosis and 42 live cirrhosis patients with HBV infection.Three biallelic polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene promoter were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction in combination with direct sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.The frequency of A allele at position-592 was higher in HBV carriers without live cirrhosis than that in live cirrhosis patients with HBV infection.In addition,the frequency of the IL-10 gene promoter-592A/A genotype,as well as the frequency of haplotypes in the IL-10 gene promoter (-1082/-819/592) ATA was higher in HBV carriers without live cirrhosis than in live cirrhosis patients with HBV infection.The results suggest that polymorphisms in the IL-10 promoter appear to have some influence on the development of fibrosis after HBV infection.


There is little information in the published literature concerning the interaction between drug wholesalers and generic drug manufacturers and distributors. The purpose of this study is to identify and quantify the attributes and services which drug wholesalers look for in generic drug suppliers whose products they stock. A survey was sent to 136 wholesale drug firms, and 81 responses were received. The evaluable responses were analyzed to determine the average importance rating of 31 potential attributes of a generic drug supplier, in addition to background information. The incidence of drug product recalls, liability insurance, and the generic drug supplier's reputation were found to be as important as price to the drug wholesaler in his selection of generic product lines.


to the environmental biology of European cyprinids.- Feeding behavior and ecophysiology.- A model for switching between particulate-feeding and filter-feeding in the common bream, Abramis brama.- Ontogeny of prey attack behaviour in larvae and juveniles of three European cyprinids.- Food consumption and growth of larvae and juveniles of three cyprinid species at different food levels.- Food searching decisions in four cyprinid species.- Functional responses by five cyprinid species to planktonic prey.- The energetics of starvation and growth after refeeding in juveniles of three cyprinid species.- Interactive effects of season and temperature on enzyme activities, tissue and whole animal respiration in roach, Rutilus rutilus.- Influence of temperature and ambient oxygen on the swimming energetics of cyprinid larvae and juveniles.- Ecomorphology.- Quantitative fine structural diversification of red and white muscle fibers in cyprinids.- Structure, development and function of the branchial sieve of the common bream, Abramis brama, white bream, Blicca bjoerkna and roach, Rutilus rutilus.- Density and distribution of external taste buds in cyprinids.- Neuroecology of cyprinids: comparative, quantitative histology reveals diverse brain patterns.- Brain morphology and turbidity preference in Notropis and related cyprinid genera (Cyprinidae, Teleostei).- Distribution and field biology.- How dams on the River Danube might have caused hybridization and influenced the appearance of a new cyprinid taxon.- Comparative microhabitat use of cyprinid larvae and juveniles in a lotic floodplain channel.- The role of predation and competition in determining the distribution of common bream, roach and white bream in Dutch eutrophic lakes.- Interactions between the roach, Rutilus rutilus and waterfowl populations of Lough Neagh, Northern Ireland.- Seasonal feeding activity and ontogenetic dietary shifts in crucian carp, Carassius carassius.- Epilogue: food and feeding, ecomorphology, and energy assimilation and conversion in cyprinids.- Species and subject index.


A new HPLC method for the determination of adriamycin in human plasma and tissue was reported. Without any laborious derivatization steps, adriamycin is seperated in 10 min,determined at 254 nm and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with ODS HPLC. There is a linear correlation of adriamycin standard in (2~20) μg/mL and (50~100) μg/mL when plasma adriamycin was analyzed. The reserve time of adriamycin is 5 min. The average recovery of plasma adriamycin was 96.2%,and the regression equation of tissues adriamycin is y=-10.223+7.2367x .


A spinning motion of a compact disc in a CD player offers an interesting and challenging problem in rotational kinematics with a nonconstant angular acceleration that can be incorporated into a typical introductory physics class for engineers and scientists. It can be used either as an example presented during the lecture, emphasizing application of calculus, or as a homework assignment that could be handled easily with the help of a spreadsheet, thus eliminating the calculus aspect altogether. I tried both approaches, and the spreadsheet study was favored by my students.


A numerical model of steam-drive oil recovery was developed and tested. The implicit pressure-explicit saturation (IMPES) technique was used to solve the 3-phase fluid flow equations for compressible fluids. A method was developed and applied to determine the temperature and the rate of steam condensation implicitly from the heat-balance equation. Both techniques were used in computer simulators for linear and 2-dimensional systems. A steam-injection experimental study was performed in a linear model. The results of this experimental work showed good agreement with the results obtained from the linear numerical computer simulators. The results from 2-dimensional numerical computer simulator also were found to be in good agreement with published 2-dimensional experimental results. The numerical simulators also were used to study the effect of some parameters on the steam-drive process. It was found that numerical model results were very sensitive to capillary pressure values. Also, it was found that the relative permeability data have a minor effect on the results obtained. The oil viscosity was found to affect the process to a large extent. (23 refs.)


Abstract We investigated pulse intensities of PSR B0950+08 at 112 MHz at various longitudes (phases) and detected very strong pulses exceeding the amplitude of the mean profile by more than one hundred times. The maximum peak flux density of a recorded pulse is 15240 Jy, and the energy of this pulse exceeds the mean pulse energy by a factor of 153. The analysis shows that the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of pulse intensities at the longitudes of the main pulse is described by a piece-wise power law, with a slope changing from n=−1.25 ± 0.04 to n=−1.84 ± 0.07 at I≥600 Jy. The CDF for pulses at the longitudes of the precursor has a power law with n=−1.5 ± 0.1. Detected giant pulses from this pulsar have the same signature as giant pulses of other pulsars.


According to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention may provide an axial magnetic flux motor that includes: a stator assembly which generates magnetic fluxes in the axial direction; and a housing assembly having a motor housing which accommodates the stator assembly therein. On the inner circumferential side of the motor housing, a first cooling groove is formed to be extended in a predetermined length in the circumferential direction. On the outer circumferential side of the stator assembly, a second cooling groove corresponding to the first cooling groove is formed to be extended in a predetermined length in the circumferential direction. The first and the second cooling grooves meet and form a cooling flow channel for flow of a coolant.


The food industry produce a great amount of organic residues, in most cases this residues increase of environmental pollution in the regions. Shells, seeds, pulp and vegetables that do not meet quality standards contribute significantly to this waste. However, the organic residues have received considerable attention because still contain nutrients and properties that can contribute to development and innovation of products both food and non-food in Colombia [1]. Many of these wastes are high in vitamins, minerals and fiber, food components that today are valued for their contribution to the functionality of them also have been rescued shells with large-fiber for the manufacture of components craft, seeds for extraction of essential oils, pectins, among others. In this line, the collection of dietary fibers from waste citrus processing and marketing of bananas, which when incorporated in foods traditionally used for subsistence, such as bakery products or corn, can reach more people with all the benefits associated with the consumption of dietary fiber, and be incorporated as components in fortifying the normal diet [5]. This proposed work focuses on addressing the potential of other plant material, until now considered waste from the country as an alternative source of low cost fiber, and the influence they have on all the steps related to preparation, production and consumption of bread and corn products which are included. Partial results of the investigation have revealed that products such as biscuits and corn cake, produced up to a 30% substitution of wheat flour and corn meal with wheth orange bagaza (HAN) and green banana peel with rejection (HBVCC ), respectively, provide masses manageable end products but not accepted by consumers reached through hedonic test, to establish acceptability of the products with a meal replacement of conventional flour with green banana peel up to 15 % and for the replacement meal albedo acceptability was achieved by 10% substitution for corn cake and 5% for the biscuits. The products are widely accepted measurement of dietary fiber and bromatological analysis simple, these resulted in the level of dietary fiber is higher in products with both meal replacement (HBVCC and HAN) analyzed for patterns that also a lower moisture content that would enhance the shelf life of foods developed.


This study aimed to develop an innovative propeller turbine design to facilitate easy manufacturing and maintenance processes, leading to a reduction in costs. Furthermore, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was employed to identify the most optimal model and design for the propeller turbine. Problem-solving within the AHP framework was guided by three fundamental principles, namely decomposition, Comparative Judgment, and Logical Consistency. The procedure included problem decomposition, assessment/ weighting to compare elements, matrix preparation and consistency testing, setting priorities for each hierarchy, priority synthesis, and decision-making. To establish a benchmark, three types of propeller turbines currently available in the market served as references. Meanwhile, the selection criteria for the model were based on several factors, including power factor, time efficiency, ease of manufacture, as well as production and maintenance costs. Considering the criteria, modifications were made to these reference models, resulting in the development of alternatives, denoted as A, B, and C. The results showed that alternative type A as the most suitable choice for further development. Therefore, this particular design was granted foremost priority to develop a low-head generator that possessed ease of manufacturing and surpassed alternative models in terms of feasibility.


With increasing numbers of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally and in the United States, Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Alex Azar declared a national public health emergency on January 31.1 The emergency declaration of the HHS authorizes additional resources, enhanced federal powers, interjurisdictional coordination, and waivers of specific regulations. State and local public health emergency declarations are also likely. During crises, government has a special responsibility to thoughtfully balance public health protections and civil liberties.


The Texas Department of Transportation's (TxDOT's) vision statement calls for "environmentally sensitive" transportation systems. TxDOT, and more specifically, the Natural Resources Management Section of the Environmental Affairs Division of TxDOT, works hands-on with individual transportation projects to ensure that all environmental concerns are addressed in the best way possible. The Natural Resources Management Section is the department's liaison to federal and state agencies, the Texas Legislature, special interest groups and the public, on issues relating to the environment. This team effort ensures that TxDOT meets goals to avoid, minimize or compensate for adverse environmental impacts. These issues include animal mortality in the roadway. This paper presents several examples of how TxDOT has, and is, attempting to minimize roadway effects on wildlife. Among the species discussed are the brown pelican (Pelicanus occidentalis carolinensis), bats (Texas is home to 32 species), the ocelot (Felis pardalis), the Concho water snake (Nerodia paucimaculata), and the Houston toad (Bufo houstonensis). The Environmental Affairs Division of TxDOT is attempting to take a more proactive stance after building a solid base of compliance with existing state and federal laws and regulations. The division strives to meet TxDOT's vision of "environmentally sensitive" transportation systems by making the environmental process a key part to project development. The best mitigation methods and avoidance alternatives are part of the process. The farsighted benefits of protecting the state's environment outweigh the expense incurred through increased development time and costs, and give the public greater satisfaction with TxDOT projects.


The article is dedicated to constructing a base of Tajik language literature postfixes. For this purpose step by step iteration procedures to implementing representative literature texts in Tajik are used. The base is formed out of 2533 postfixes with theirs frequency of meeting.


Objective To study the relationship between E- cadherin( E- CD) ,urokinase- type plas- mingen activator( u PA) ,u PA receptor( u PAR) and tumor cell invasion,metastasis in hepatocellular carci- noma( HCC) . Methods The expression of E- CD by immunohistochemistry and the expressions of u PA, u PAR by in situ hybridization were detected in5 2 cases of HCC,42 cases of liver cirrhosis and2 3cases of normal livertissue. Results Compare with theirexpression in livercirrhosis and normal liver tissue,the expressions of E- CD and u PA,u PAR in HCC were abnormal:E- CD expression was reduced,u PA,u PAR were overexpression significantly. In HCC,E- CD expression with invasion was reduced significantly. The expressions of u PA,u PAR with invasion were increased significantly,the overexpressions of u PA, u PAR were associated with capsule invasion. E- CD showed negative correlation with u PA,u PAR. Conclusion Expressions of E- CD and u PA,u PAR were abnormal in HCC. That the reduced expression of E- CD and overexpressions of u PA,u PAR contribute significantly to HCC invasion and metastasis.


: 1+X certificate system is a system design for talent cultivation and evaluation mode in the framework of modern education system, and the proposal of 1+X certificate system can promote the reform of college education to realize the deep-level development. The article first analyzes the 1+X certificate system, then introduces the guiding significance of the 1+X certificate system for the cultivation of English talents in colleges and universities, and finally puts forward the path of cultivating English talents in colleges and universities under the 1+X certificate system, including clarifying cultivation objectives, promoting curricular reform, strengthening the construction of teaching staff, innovating the evaluation system, and strengthening the cooperation between schools and enterprises, in the hope that it can provide effective references to the relevant people


Sven Bachmann: Local perturbations perturb locally We consider a quantum lattice system whose dynamics satisfies a locality property given by a Lieb-Robinson bound. For states with spectral support in an isolated part of the energy spectrum, we show that the effect of local perturbations of the Hamiltonian remains local as long as the spectrum remains gapped. A key ingredient in the proof is an explicit flow relating isolated spectral subspaces of a smooth family of Hamiltonians. Further applications of this spectral flow will be mentioned.


As the supply method of products has become diverse and complex, problems such as manipulation of origin and product trace have occurred in the existing supply chain system. In order to deal with these issues, various Blockchain based studies have been actively carried in the SW industry and academy. However, there is a lack of comprehensive survey research on the applied Blockchain techniques, so that it hardly understand the pros and cons of the technologies. In this study, we intensively investigated the diverse studies from the Industrial and academic area based on the several criteria such as the goals, use of key Blockchain technologies, and IoT technologies.


The massive increase of data traffic, the widespread proliferation of wireless applications and the full-scale deployment of 5G and the IoT, imply a steep increase in cellular networks energy use, resulting in a significant carbon footprint. This paper presents a comprehensive model to show the interaction between the networking and energy features of the problem and study the economical and technical viability of green networking. Solar equipment, cell zooming, energy management and dynamic user allocation are considered in the upgrading network planning process. We propose a mixed-integer optimization model to minimize long-term capital costs and operational energy expenditures in a heterogeneous on-grid cellular network with different types of base station, including solar. Based on eight scenarios where realistic costs of solar panels, batteries, and inverters were considered, we first found that solar base stations are currently not economically interesting for cellular operators. We next studied the impact of a significant and progressive carbon tax on reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). We found that, at current energy and equipment prices, a carbon tax ten-fold the current value is the only element that could make green base stations economically viable.


Large-scale magnetogenesis is analyzed within the Palatini approach when the gravitational action is supplemented by a contribution that is nonlinear in the Einstein-Hilbert term. While the addition of the nonlinear terms does not affect the scalar modes of the geometry during the inflationary phase, the tensor-to-scalar ratio is nonetheless suppressed. In this context it is plausible to have a stiff phase following the standard inflationary stage provided the potential has a quintessential form. The large-scale magnetic fields can even be a fraction of the nG over typical length scales of the order of the Mpc prior to the gravitational collapse of the protogalaxy.


The consequences of climate change are becoming increasingly visible. Recent research suggests that people may respond to climate change and its predicted consequences with a specific anxiety. Yet, little is known about potential antecedents of climate anxiety. The current study aimed to understand the contribution of climate risk perception to climate anxiety, along with nature-connectedness, self-efficacy, and political orientation. With a sample of 204 German adults, we assessed these constructs together with environmental policy support that may result from climate anxiety. Stronger risk perception and a left political orientation predicted climate anxiety. Self-efficacy and nature connectedness, however, were unrelated to climate anxiety. In line with previous studies, climate anxiety correlated positively with environmental policy support but did not predict environmental policy support when controlling for climate risk perception. We discuss results with regard to further developing the concept of climate anxiety and its dynamics and suggest directions for future research.


BJECTIVE To study the preparation process of the inclusion complex of hemin β cyclodextrin and the changes of the physical properties of hemin before and after being included by β cyclodextrin.METHOD The inclusion complex of hemin β cyclodextrin was prepared by milling method.The best preparation process of hemin β cyclodextrin was optimized with orthogonal experiments.The solubility and dissolution of inclusion complex and hemin were measured.RESULTS The optimum preparation process of hemin β cyclodextrin was as following:the ratio of hemin to β cyclodextrin was 1∶8,the ratio of hemin to dilute ammonia solution was 1∶10,the ratio of β cyclodextrin to water was 1∶30 and milling for 80 min.The solubility of hemin in the inclusion complex was 7.28 times higher than that of pure hemin.The parameters of dissolution of hemin and inclusion complex t 50 were 67.0 min and 19.7 min,respectively.CONCLUSION A new physical phase was formed between hemin and β cyclodextrin.The solubility and dissolution of hemin was increased,and the bad smell of hemin was overcome after being included by β cyclodextrin.Meanwhile,such inclusion complex may be further developed into a lot of preparations.


A new method of maximum entropy spectral estimation called the revised maximum entropy method (MEM) is formulated and is applied to the spectral analysis of the echo signals from atmospheric turbulence observed by an incoherent scatter radar. The revised MEM is shown free from many demerits of the other methods for spectral analysis. Further it makes it possible to subtract the white noise usually contained in the data during the processing. Some examples of spectral estimation are shown for the actual radar signals and the simulated data. Another application of the revised MEM is the subtraction of the clutter component which is difficult to do by linear filtering. The method is successfully applied to several data abounding with the clutter to obtain the spectra of the echo signals with less clutter distortion.


The measurement of operation of supply chain system (SCS) is an important content of supply chain management, but now little research has been done on the measurement of operation of SCS. Therefore, this paper, starting with analyzing the configuration, characteristics and object of SCS .presents the measurement purposes and request .establishes the measurement index system and gives the measurement method based on applying the theory of systems analysis,which is the reference of scientifically evaluating operation of SCS.


The worship of Devi (the Goddess) is one of the most vigorous and visible religious phenomena in north-west India today. In this ground-breaking field-based study, Kathleen Erndl uses interviews, participant observations, and textual analysis to explore the nature of the Goddess and her devotees' experience of her.


Setting out the historical developments which led to government control of natural gas pricing, this paper reviews the current legislative mechanisms and regulatory issues. It includes an examination of net-back pricing under the Petroleum Adminis tration Act and Alberta's Natural Gas Pricing Agreement Act. Issues raised in the Alberta Public Utilities Board's Cost of Service Inquiry are analyzed, along with the special position of Alberta Gas Trunk Line Company.


For the three-level production-inventory control with carbon constraint,the production capacity and ordering in the three-level system with multi-suppliers,single manufacturers and multi-retailers was explored by using the improved EOQ.The decentralized and centralized decision-making model of the three-level production-inventory system with carbon constraint,and the model of profit compensation contract with manufacturers were established.The decisionmaking model was solved by using heuristic algorithm.The computational experiments and analyses show that the system indexes are better when manufacturers centralize their decisionmaking,the impact of carbon price change on the system is more significant,and the carbon trading mechanism is more effective for carbon emission reduction,thus verifying the validity of the model.


Y Salmonella Brandenburg was initially diagnosed in New Zealand in an aborted ewe from a Merino flock in mid-Canterbury in 1996. The following year, the disease occurred on farms in midCanterbury and on one farm near Winton in Southland (Bailey 1997). Since then, this bacterium has caused widespread abortion and deaths in pregnant ewes in Southland, coastal Otago and south- and mid-Canterbury. In cattle, the same organism has caused diarrhoea and dysentery in calves and adult cattle, and abortions and deaths in first-calving cows and to a lesser extent in second-calving and older cows (Clark et al, in press). Salmonella Brandenburg has also caused diarrhoea and fetal deaths in dogs, and diarrhoea and deaths in foals.


The growing use of Internet in India provides a developing prospect for online shopping. If E-marketers know the factors affecting online Indian behavior, and the relationships between these factors and the type of online buyers, then they can further develop their marketing strategies to convert potential customers into active ones, while retaining existing online customers. Consumer behavior is said to be an applied discipline as some decisions are significantly affected by their behavior or expected actions. Many companies have started using the Internet with the aim of cutting marketing costs, thereby reducing the price of their products and services in order to stay ahead in highly competitive markets. Companies also use the Internet to convey, communicate and disseminate information, to sell the product, to take feedback and also to conduct satisfaction surveys with customers. Customers use the Internet not only to buy the product online, but also to compare prices, product features and after sale service facilities they will receive if they purchased the product from particular website. This paper focuses on factors which online Indian buyers keep in mind while shopping online. This research found that information; perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment and security/privacy are the five dominant factors which influence consumer perceptions on Online purchasing.


It is generally preferable to estimate unknown parameters in analog transfer functions by sampled data techniques. This approach calls for the derivation of an appropriate discrete model D(z) for a given analog system H(s) with undetermined parameters, and then the fitting of the sampled input-output data by D(z) to estimate these parameters. This correspondence presents a method for obtaining such discrete models. It also provides a more effective procedure for calculating the parameter estimates from the identified discrete transfer function \hat{D}(z) .


Abstract A number of ruthenium complexes, RuL2(H2O)2Cl2 (where L = monodentate Schiff bases derived from 3-and 4-anisaldehyde, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde with 4-toluidine and 4-aminobenzoic acid) and RuL'(H2O)(PPh3)Cl2 (where L' = bidentate Schiff bases derived from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde or 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde with 3, 4-diaminotoluene), have been prepared. These complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, conductance measurements and magnetic moments.


This thesis deals with the detection of three rhetorical figures based on repetition of words: chiasmus ("Fair is foul, and foul is fair."), epanaphora ("Poor old European Commission! Poor old Euro ...


Based on the vehicle-track coupled dynamic theory, a new method was developed to monitor the state of heavy-haul train, this method can dynamically monitor the wheel/rail dynamic safety performance of heavy-haul train in the dangerous operation condition. The results show that: wheel/rail dynamic action is obvious whether the wheel flat is new or old, and wheel flat could lead to mutational vertical force.