The key to narrowing the gap between East Wuzhumuqin Banner and other developed regions in the 21st century lies in the development of elementary education and improvement of the quality of laborers. We must implement the strategy of giving priority to developing key schools and the strategy of leaping development; further change educational views; make plans for reform and development of ethnic minority education; enhance cooperation and management; deepen educational system reform; and vigorously develop modern information technology education, distant education and vocational education in pastoral areas.


The aerodynamic drags of different reference car models were investigated to calibrate the performance of the Automotive Wind Tunnel in Jilin University. The two kinds of reference models--MIRA and SAE reference car models were involved in this paper, considering the actual situation of the Automotive Wind Tunnel in Jilin University. The results of the research show that the Automotive Wind Tunnel in Jilin University can meet the demand for automotive wind tunnel tests and it can get the same performances as other wind tunnels have and reliable test data can be obtained in it.


In this work, the design of a novel Ka-band miniaturized bandpass filter with broad bandwidth is demonstrated by using inversely coupled U-shaped transmission lines. In the proposed filter, two transmission zeros can be generated within a cascaded U-shaped structure and it can also be proven that, by inversely coupling two stacked U-shaped transmission lines, the notch frequency at the upper stopband can be shifted to a lower frequency, which results in a smaller chip size. The key parameters affecting the performance of the proposed filter are investigated in detail with the effective lumped-element circuit illustrated. Fabricated in a 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS process, the proposed filter achieves an insertion loss of 3.6 dB at a frequency of 28.75 GHz and the measured bandwidth is from 20.75 GHz to 41 GHz. The return loss is better than −10 dB from 20.5 GHz to 39 GHz. The lower transmission zero is located at 11.75 GHz with a suppression of 54 dB while the upper transmission zero is around 67 GHz with an attenuation of 34.6 dB. The measurement agrees very well with the simulation results and the overall chip size of the proposed filter is 176 × 269 μm2.


The low- and high-temperature gas sensing behavior of hydrogenated diamond (HD) and metal oxide (MOx) materials is compared and contrasted. We present evidence that at room temperature and above both kinds of materials are coated with a thin surface electrolyte layer in which gas molecules can be adsorbed and in which adsorbed gases may undergo electrolytic dissociation. We show that both kinds of materials respond in a very similar way when exposed to acid and base vapors and that no gas response is observed otherwise. Heating beyond 200degC removes the surface electrolyte layer from both kinds of materials. Whereas at MOx surfaces, the established combustive gas sensing effect sets in, the surface conductivity and the gas sensitivity of HD samples is lost due to the disappearance of the surface transfer doping effect.


As the technical support of the industrial Internet of Things, blockchain technology has been widely used in energy trading, data transactions, and Internet of Vehicles. However, most of the existing energy trading models only address the transaction security and transaction privacy issues that arise in the energy trading process, ignoring the fairness of resource allocation and transaction equity in the trading process. In order to tackle those problems, an energy trading scheme called HO-TRAD is proposed in this paper to improve the efficiency of model trading while ensuring the fairness of energy trading. We propose a new trading strategy in the HO-TRAD energy trading scheme that guarantees fairness in the allocation of trading resources by introducing an entity's active reputation value. Use smart contracts to achieve transparency and ensure fairness in the transaction process. Based on the identity verification foundation of the consortium chain, the scheme enhances the existing PBFT consensus algorithm and improves the efficiency of model transactions. The experimental simulation indicates that the scheme requires less transaction time and has higher transaction fairness and security.


Abstract : This year it is estimated that there will be over 250,000 new cases of breast carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer with an accompanying 40,000 deaths. Current therapies to treat breast cancer are relatively non-specific and highly toxic. There is an urgent need to develop safe and effective therapies for the therapeutic treatment of breast cancer. In this study, we looked at a new class of relatively non-toxic compounds called PARP-1 inhibitors and evaluated the use of these compounds in concert with standard chemotherapy and other therapeutic agents to treat both sporadic and hereditary breast cancer using a phased strategy from our statement of work: Task I: Dose response curves, Task II: In vivo mouse model allografts, Task III: In vivo mouse model xenografts, Task IV: Inhibition of Development of mammary tumor and Task V: Publication and presentation of results. We challenged standard concepts and use out of the box thinking to move forward the fight against breast cancer.


By means of the thermal swelling property of plastics, non-toxic polyvinyl chloride pipe is heated and pressured in special equipment to stick closely onto inner wall of galvanized steel pipe and to form non-toxic composite pipe.


We present a computational methodology for a theory of the lowest axially symmetric octupole excitations applicable to all even-even nuclei beyond the lightest. The theory is the well-known generator-coordinate extension (GCM) of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) self-consistent mean field theory. We use the discrete-basis Hill-Wheeler (HW) method to compute the wave functions with an interaction from the Gogny family of Hamiltonians. Comparing to the compiled experimental data on octupole excitations, we find that the performance of the theory depends on the deformation characteristics of the nucleus. For nondeformed nuclei, the theory reproduces the energies to about ±20% apart from an overall scale factor of ≈1.6. The performance is somewhat poorer for (quadrupole) deformed nuclei, and for both together the dispersion of the scaled energies about the experimental values is about ±25%. This compares favorably with the performance of similar theories of the quadrupole excitations. Nuclei having static octupole deformations in HFB theory form a special category. These nuclei have the smallest measured octupole excitation energies as well as the smallest predicted energies. However, in these cases the energies are seriously underpredicted by the theory. We find that a simple two-configuration approximation, the minimization after projection (MAP) method, is almost as accurate as the full HW treatment, provided that the octupole-deformed nuclei are omitted from the comparison. This article is accompanied by a tabulation of the predicted octupole excitations for 818 nuclei extending from drip-line to drip-line, computed with several variants of the Gogny interaction.


This paper focuses on the interaction between social capital and entrepreneurship in Aboriginal communities in Canada. Using statistical and interview data from three First Nations communities in northern Ontario, I examine if and how bonding networks turn into tangible resources for business development. The paper also highlights ways in which community relationships hinder entrepreneurship and turn into barriers to economic development. The paper concludes with examples of how insight into the interaction between public policy and social networks can help understand the barriers and opportunities facing community developers in marginalized communities around the world.


The paper briefly introduced the modification processing in the pretreatment and the development of new complex yarns with single wrapped and double wrapped structures.It is produced by modified wool and ramie rove on twisting machine with two hollow spindles.The results reveal that the complex yarns have the characteristics of evenness,unique style and less hairiness.In addition,it is the base and a new way to the further development of light and cool wool fabrics.


—One of the most important characteristics of a developed country is to take care and promote the life quality of handicapped people. There are more than 55,000 registered visually impaired people in Taiwan, and the population is growing year by year. The amount of the assistive devices or systems for the visually impaired people, which are designed and made locally in Taiwan, are very few. Most of the assistive devices and systems available to the vision-impaired people in Taiwan are imported and expensive. It means that more and more visually impaired people in Taiwan have to face various difficulties in life, which are difficult to handle by themselves, without any help from assistive devices or systems. Therefore, it is important to develop assistive devices and systems for the visually impaired people in Taiwan. It is very difficult, or impossible, for blind persons to identify object's color. The problem might cause inconvenience or further serious danger in life, for example, wearing wrong-color cloth or taking wrong drugs. The problem on color identification can be simply solved by the assistance from sighted people. But, it is an infeasible solution because of the heavy loads and cost in human resources. In this paper, a color recognition system for blind people will be developed. The system is built on the smart phones with a camera device, and, therefore, is very portable. With an accessible user interface and the text-to-speech technology, the blind people can easily access the color information from the system. The blind people can identify object's color anywhere and anytime by using the color recognizer. The developed system provides a feasible solution to the problem of color identification that the blind people faced before. Moreover, the developed system will help the blind people to increase their life quality and decrease their need for scarce sighted assistance. The color recognizing system can help the blind people identify object's color themselves.


In this paper we analyzed how a frame size type, period and number of virtual links affect bandwidth utilization in deterministic networks. For services which combine avionics applications and consumer electronics, such as In-flight entertainment, this analysis is very important. We analyzed one topology of TTEthernet deterministic network, and influence of the TT, RC, and synchronization traffic classes to total bandwidth utilization. Bandwidth that is not used for this traffic classes, can be exploited for consumer electronics applications traffic.


Four articles provide different approaches for creating a digital representation of the world. Leading experts from TU Graz, Google, the University of Washington, TU Darmstadt, and Fraunhofer IGD explain what is possible today.


The following topics are dealt with: image segmentation; solid modelling; computational geometry; image sampling; image resolution; mesh generation; image reconstruction; image registration; computer graphics rendering; image scanners; computer vision; optical projector; optical sensors; 3D cameras


Much work has been done on dense image captioning in the English language. In this paper, we propose a Encoder-Decoder architecture for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, to generate Hindi dense image captions. We leverage the proven encoder-decoder architecture and provide a Hindi data-set along with results of dense captioning on the data-set. We also propose a novel post-processing technique to further improve the quality of captions by using multiple discriminators (language discriminator, length penalty and dissimilarity score). Hindi is the fourth most spoken language in the world. It is the official language of India and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at dense image captioning in the Hindi language. The data-set is manually created by translating Visual Genome captions from English to Hindi under manual supervision. Both qualitative (in terms of adequacy and fluency) and quantitative (in terms of BLEU scores) analysis of the generated captions reveal the effectiveness of our proposed approach compared to several strong baselines.


This study investigated the relationship among emotional regulation, coping strategies and satisfaction in clinical practice, and examined factors influencing satisfaction with clinical practice in nursing students. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from May 1 to June 30, 2016. The study participants were 201 third and fourth year nursing students at four departments of nursing located in B and K metropolitan city. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS WIN v 20.0. The mean emotional regulation score was 3.73±0.48, active coping was 2.79±0.33, passive coping was 2.53±0.36, and practice satisfaction was 3.58±0.46. Statistically significant relationships were noted between emotional regulation and satisfaction with clinical practice (r=.391, p<.001), between active coping and satisfaction with clinical practice (r=.361, p<.001), between passive coping and satisfaction with clinical practice (r=.276, p<.001). Factors influencing satisfaction with clinical practice were satisfaction with the nursing major (β=-.322, p<.001) and emotional regulation (β=.232, p<.001). These factors explained 28.1% of variance in participant's satisfaction with clinical practice. In conclusion, effective nursing educational programs need to be developed to enhance satisfaction with clinical practice and to foster positive emotional regulation in nursing students.


• the definition of 'heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction' (HFmrEF) (left ventricular ejection fraction between 41% and 49%); • new pharmacological treatments for HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), including sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors; • the introduction of a new treatment algorithm for HFrEF according to different phenotypes based on comorbidities, severity and clinical presentation; • updated indications for devices in different settings; • a new classification for acute HF based on clinical presentation; • Updated indications for short-term and long-term mechanical circulatory support in acute and advanced HF; • new algorithms for the management of cardiovascular comorbidities (i.e. atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease); • updated indications for treatments for non-cardiovascular comorbidities (i.e. diabetes and iron deficiency); • comprehensive diagnostic work-up of cardiomyopathies including genetic testing and endomyocardial biopsy; • new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for cardiac amyloidosis.


When the world is challenged by all kinds of global problems and moral corruption,universal ethic becomes essential.The research in this sphere starts from the lower to the top run of the social ladder and shapes the principal ethical norms that resort to social morality as their fundamental dimension.However,the universal ethical commitment is not strong because of the heterogeneity of aims borne by each of its subject.


Neurobehavioral changes in cognitively intact individuals may represent early indicators of underlying pathophysiological processes such as the development of tau related changes in the brain. Research assessing tau pathology with PET has shown a relationship between tau accumulation in the inferior temporal lobes and entorhinal cortex and depression and tau accumulation in the right entorhinal cortex and loneliness. The current research investigated the relationship between levels of plasma tau and measures of depression, anxiety and worry in a community‐based sample of cognitively normal older adults.


Achievement of carbon neutrality requires lowering energy consumption in China. However, only a few studies have focused on the impact of urban mining on the reduction in energy consumption, and the impact of urban mining on reducing energy consumption remains unclear. This study explored the impact of urban mining on energy efficiency by adopting the panel data of 281 prefecture-level cities in China between 2003 and 2016 using the difference-in-difference method, and tested the setting up of urban mining pilot bases on reducing urban energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) and channel mechanisms. The empirical findings show that urban mining pilot bases have significantly reduced energy consumption per unit of GDP by 3.67%. The instrumental variable method was used to overcome endogenous problems of the empirical results and related robustness tests. The verification results of the impact mechanism show that urban mining reduces the energy consumption per unit of GDP through three channels: by improving the degree of urban marketization, enhancing the harmony between the government and the market, and increasing the abundance of factor markets. The heterogeneity analysis shows that urban mining has a significant reduction effect on energy consumption per unit of GDP in all four regions of China; however, the energy-saving effect in the northeast is higher than that in the other regions. This study provides an empirical test and policy insights for the contribution of urban mining pilot bases in promoting China's development of green industry and circular economy. It also offers a new path for cities in developing countries to promote energy conservation and achieve urban sustainability via urban mining.


Publics' perceptions of new scientific advances such as AI are often informed and influenced by news coverage. To understand how artificial intelligence (AI) was framed in U.S. newspapers, a content analysis based on framing theory in journalism and science communication was conducted. This study identified the dominant topics and frames, as well as the risks and benefits of AI covered in five major American newspapers from 2009 to 2018. Results indicated that business and technology were the primary topics in news coverage of AI. The benefits of AI were discussed more frequently than its risks, but risks of AI were generally discussed with greater specificity. Additionally, episodic issue framing and societal impact framing were more frequently used.


We are witnessing a growing concern of the humankind towards increasingly complex issues of environmental protection. The environment is an essential part of any development process and includes connections and interrelationships between people and natural resources. As a result, the changes suffered by the environment are generated not only by natural events, but also by the practical manifestation of some development models, practices and ways of life. Reciprocally, any change to the physical environment creates significant socio-economic consequences that affect the quality of life.


We characterize the input covariance that maximizes the ergodic capacity of a flat-fading, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channel with additive white Gaussian noise, when the entries of the channel matrix are independent, circularly symmetric, complex Gaussian random variables of nonzero (and possibly different) means and identical variances. We show that the optimal transmit covariance must have the same eigenvectors as the squared mean channel, thereby reducing the computation of the optimal covariance to a simple convex optimization. This generalizes existing results for multiple-input-single-output (MISO) channels and MIMO channels restricted to have a mean of unit rank.


Currently, the logistics business is increasingly showing the need for joint actions in the foreign economic activity of many countries of the world. Therefore, the article discusses intelligent transport systems and a technological solution with the digitization of physical objects using the examples of "digital train" and "digital railway", allowing to create a platform for monitoring and increasing the safety of the throughput of a railway line for the transport of passengers and the supply of goods between countries.


A. Historical Background: (a) Establishment of Library Schools: Formal teaching of Library Science in India is about 56 years old. The first Library School was started by W. C. Borden, an American Librarian, who was imported to India in 1910 by a Library enthusiast, Maharaja Sayaji Rao Gaekwar of the erstwhile State of Baroda, for organising Library Service in the State. Mr. Borden, who served the State äs Director of the State Library Department, started the Library Training Class in 1911. The second Library School was also started by an American Librarian, A. D. Dickenson, in 1915. This school imparted training bi-annually at the Panjab University Library up to 1947. The Madras University started a Diploma Course in Library Science in 1931. This course was a full-time course. In 1937, it was made a Post-Graduate Course and, in 1960, it was conVerted into a course for Bachelor of Library Science. Other schools which were established up to 1947 were at Banaras Hindu University (1941), University of Bombay (1944), Calcutta University (1946) and the University of Delhi (1947). However, the growth in Library Schools was spectacular after independence. While only 5 schools were providing training in librarianship at the University level before independence, the number rose to 24 by Octbber, 1967, because of the establishment of 19 more University Post-Graduate Library Schools i.e. in 1956 at Baroda, Nagpur and Osmania; in 1957 at Vikram, in 1958 at Aligarh and Poona, in 1960 at Panjab, in 1961 at Rajasthan and Kerala, and in 1962 at Andhra and Lucknow Universities. Other Library Science Schools, started during the Post-Independence period, were at the Universities of Jadavpur and Karnataka (1963), Burdwan, Gujarat and Jiwaji (1964), Shivaji and Mysore (1965) and Gauhati (1966). Moreover an In-Service Library Training Course (Diploma in Library Science) for the armed forces was started in 1962 at the A.E.C. Training College and Centre, Pachmarhi (M.P.), which was affiliated with the Saugar University. In the field of special librarianship, no University School provides any training facilities, but some aspects of special librarianship are included in one or two of the papers in the Dip/B.Lib.S. or M.Lib. Sc. courses. However, the Indian Statistical Institute established the Documentation Research and Training Centre (DRTC) at Bangalore under the Directorship of Dr.


The conifers comprise 52 genera and nearly 560 species. Only 29 species belonging to 11 genera occur in India, mostly confined to North- West and Western Himalayas. Out of 14 conifer species found in Himachal Pradesh, 12 species were worked out palynologically in the present study. Study include pollen size, number of wings and percentage of variation in normal and abnormal pollen grains. The data thus collected is not only of taxonomic value but also helps to understand the evolutionary process of pollens from winged stage to the wingless stage. To explain the multiallelic gene interaction behind the formation of wings of pollens in Pinaceae, the Gene Blocks Hypothesis was tested. It is probably the multiallelic gene interaction that leads to the formation of monosaccate, Bisaccate, trisaccate, multisaccate and nonsaccate pollen grains in Pinaceae. In Cupressaceae and Taxaceae, pollen grains are nonsaccate. Abnormal pollens with incomplete separation or well formed apparently macropollens have been observed. The species with smallest and largest pollen size have been identified.


The vaginal microbiota has importance in preserving vaginal health and defending the host against disease. The advent of new molecular techniques and computer science has allowed researchers to discover microbial composition in depth and associate the structure of vaginal microbial communities. There is a consensus that vaginal flora is grouped into a restricted number of communities, although the structure of the community is constantly changing. Certain Community-State Types (CSTs) are more associated with poor reproductive outcomes and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) meanwhile, CSTs dominated by Lactobacillus species—particularly Lactobacillus crispatus—are more related to vaginal health. In this work, we have reviewed how modifiable and non-modifiable factors may affect normal vaginal microbiota homeostasis—including sexual behavior, race or ethnicity, and hygiene. Special interest has been given to how the use of probiotics, diet intake, and use of hormone replacement therapies (HRTs) can potentially impact vaginal microbiota composition.


Abstract During the period from 1900 to 1917, utility companies led in the expansion of the legitimate use of advertising in the political arena. Under the leadership of men such as Theodore Vail, President of AT&T, they openly invited the advertising business to help establish a public climate conducive to private, monopolistic utility service. Consequently, a growing number of advertising agencies found themselves engaged in political persuasion decades before the widespread use of advertising to elect candidates for public office. Early utility advertising thus prefigured the many types of advocacy and corporate image advertising widely used in the 1970s. It showed a willingness on the part of some agencies to develop non-product campaigns for clients involved in controversial public issues.


Coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention effectively relieve symptoms of angina pectoris. Both treatment strategies, however, remain associated with some degree of postoperative delirium and/or cognitive decline. The aim of this thesis was to investigate delirium and cognitive decline after cardiac interventions. We compared cognitive outcomes and brain integrity as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of two revascularization strategies on the beating heart, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention. We investigated the effect of suppression of the systemic inflammatory response by high dose steroids at the induction of general anesthesia on the development of delirium and the influence of postoperative delirium on subsequent cognitive decline. We found a protective effect of the presence of cardiac collaterals on cognitive outcome and a harmful effect of occurrence postoperative delirium on the development of cognitive decline and the extent of recovery from decline in the first year after surgery. The studied comparisons did not result in a difference in outcome. At 7.5 years follow-up, off-pump CABG patients had a similar or perhaps slightly better cognitive performance compared with PCI patients and magnetic resonance spectroscopy did not demonstrate significant alteration differences in brain integrity. Demographic variables were more important determinants of long-term cognitive outcome than mode of revascularization. The intraoperative administration of dexamethasone did not reduce the incidence or duration of delirium in the first 4 days after cardiac surgery. The work presented in this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the complex, multifactorial etiology of these burdensome complications of cardiac interventions and the influence of one of these phenomena, delirium, on the subsequent development of the other, cognitive decline, in the postoperative trajectory. Despite our increasing body of knowledge of both postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction, it is unlikely that these complications will ever be complete avoided. The many technical advances that have been made in revascularization techniques and perioperative care since the start of the first trials reported in this thesis do contribute to prolonged post-procedural survival and improved quality of life, but also allowed increasingly frail patients to undergo complex and extensive cardiac surgical procedures, increasing the need for preventive strategies.


Problem of finding pseudo-solutions of the free phase equation an isometric operator in Hilbert spaces is considered. Convergence property of the gradient method are proven


Background:The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, pyridostigmine, is prophylactically administered to mitigate the toxic effects of nerve gas poisoning. The authors tested the hypothesis that prolonged pyridostigmine administration can lead to neuromuscular dysfunction and even down-regulation of acetylcholine receptors. Methods:Pyridostigmine (5 or 25 mg·kg−1·day−1) or saline was continuously administered via osmotic pumps to rats, and infused for either 14 or 28 days until the day of neuromuscular assessment (at day 14 or 28), or discontinued 24 h before neuromuscular assessment. Neurotransmission and muscle function were examined by single-twitch, train-of-four stimulation and 100-Hz tetanic stimulation. Sensitivity to atracurium and acetylcholine receptor number (quantitated by 125I-&agr;-bungarotoxin) provided additional measures of neuromuscular integrity. Results:Specific tetanic tensions (Newton [N]/muscle weight [g]) were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased at 14 (10.3 N/g) and 28 (11.1 N/g) days of 25 mg·kg−1·day−1 pyridostigmine compared with controls (13.1–13.6 N/g). Decreased effective dose (0.81–1.05 vs. 0.16–0.45 mg/kg; P < 0.05) and decreased plasma concentration (3.02–3.27 vs. 0.45–1.37 &mgr;g/ml; P < 0.05) of atracurium for 50% paralysis (controls vs. 25 mg·kg−1·day−1 pyridostigmine, respectively), irrespective of discontinuation of pyridostigmine, confirmed the pyridostigmine-induced altered neurotransmission. Pyridostigmine (25 mg·kg−1·day−1) down-regulated acetylcholine receptors at 28 days. Conclusions:Prolonged administration of pyridostigmine (25 mg·kg−1·day−1) leads to neuromuscular impairment, which can persist even when pyridostigmine is discontinued 24 h before assessment of neuromuscular function. Pyridostigmine has the potential to down-regulate acetylcholine receptors, but induces neuromuscular dysfunction even in the absence of receptor changes.


We report the results of a study based on revealed and stated preference data on choice of Prosecco wines in retail stores close to the origin of production in Northern Italy. Emphasis is placed on ability to reconcile the utility structure of stated preference data with that underlying revealed preference data. We extend the analysis to cover nonattendance of key attributes, such as price and certification of origin, while controlling for the large range of brand effects.


Antimalarial piperaquine (PQ) is currently used as a partner drug with dihydroartemisinin (DHA), exhibiting high cure rates (>95%) for P. falciparum. Despite its raising usage worldwide with DHA, PQ is synthetically developed outside of big pharma pipelines. Thus, there is potentially some scientific gap in the information regarding disposition of the drug not being systematically established. This thesis comprised studies on bioanalysis(Paper I), CYP3A4/5 inhibitory potential(Paper II), protein binding(Paper III) and pharmacokinetics (PK) of piperaquine and its metabolites (Paper IV) with intention of filling these scientific gaps. PQ in earlier studies metabolized to two main urinary metabolites, M1 which is a carboxylic acid cleavage product and M2, the mono N-oxide of PQ. PQ and M2 were found as potent CYP3A inhibitors whereby M2 showed greater inhibition in vitro. Simulation of PQ inhibitory effect, predicted the drug-drug interaction (DDI) between PQ and co-administered midazolam in healthy subjects during antimalarial PQ treatment. Bioanalytical method was developed using a highly sensitive analytical instrument, LC-MS/MS to determine PQ and its metabolites in human plasma. The simultaneous quantitation


This paper studies the multiple geosynchronous spacecraft refueling problem (MGSRP) with multiple servicing spacecraft (Ssc) and fuel depots (FDs). In the mission scenario, multiple Ssc and FDs are parked in the geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) initially. Ssc start from FDs and maneuver to visit and refuel multiple GEO targets with known demands. These capacitated Ssc are expected to rendezvous with fuel-deficient GEO targets and FDs for the purpose of delivering the fuel stored in FDs to GEO targets. The objective is to find a set of Pareto-optimal solutions with minimum fuel cost and mission duration. The MGSRP is a much more complex variant of multidepot vehicle routing problems mixing discrete and continuous variables. A two-nested optimization model is built. We propose a new multiobjective hybrid particle swarm optimization to solve the outer-loop problem, and the design variables are the refueling sequence, task assignment, time distribution, and locations of FDs. In the inner-loop problem, branch and bound method is used to find the optimal decision variable for a given outer-loop solution. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed approach.


This article presents the lessons learnt during the introduction of software reuse in Hitec, in the Tarsal Esprit Project 20555. At the beginning of the project the development process in Hitec is characterized by a common situation for several small and medium companies: no high-level domain modeling, poor design specification, no company-wide software reuse strategy. This article shows that preliminary reuse experiments can help to face the first technical and cultural problems towards the adoption of reuse program. From a technical point of view, we show how a design recovery approach done on the existing systems can solve the problem of the absence of design and architectural information, which poses great limitation on the planned introduction of reuse. Moreover, the article shows that the application of this new methodology to a strategic in the company can raise and, effectively, has raised) the awareness of the developers about the necessity of formalized process.


The study examined the key factors that influence the use of organic fertilizers among vegetable farmers. Fifty (50) vegetable farmers from four communities in Ejusu-Juaben Municipality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana who had ever consciously used organic fertilizers on their farms were interviewed to understand the key factors that influence their use of organic fertilizer in vegetable farming. Even though the majority of the key informants who used organic fertilizers were of the view that it is available, affordable and improved the productivity and quality of vegetables produced significantly, only a few (12%) continued to apply it. The key reasons for continuous application by the farmers were that organic fertilizers last longer in the soil as compare to inorganic fertilizers, an increase in yield and quality of their produce. The main reasons given for discontinuance of the use of organic fertilizer include 1. unhygienic nature of the fertilizer, hence its association with pest and disease after the application, 2. less yield compared to inorganic fertilizers 3. Bulkiness during transportation and 4. Difficulty in its application. To improve the use of organic fertilizers in vegetable production, efforts by government and agro-processors should be directed at the processing and packaging of organic fertilizers for portability, hygiene, and ease of use. They should also create the necessary (including environmental and health) awareness on the importance of organic produce, and the policy support for certification and pricing of organic produce.


The effects of applied currents were studied on amorphous ribbons of Co70.3 Fe4.7 Si15 B10 annealed to produce different values of transverse or longitudinal anisotropy. In transverse‐anisotropy ribbons, current‐induced domain‐wall motion was studied by SEM and used to determine domain‐wall surface energy and exchange constant for various values of anisotropy. In longitudinal‐anisotropy ribbons, current‐induced magnetization rotation was demonstrated by SEM. This magnetization rotation also produced an increased initial permeability, and the current to produce maximum initial permeability was found to be proportional to the anisotropy constant.


Antigenicity of buffalo alpha S1 (α-S1) casein and its hydrolysis by gastrointestinal enzymes were carried out in this study. α-S1 casein was purified by anion exchange chromatography and hydrolyzed for 150 min. Indirect Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed using sera of groups of patients allergic to cow milk and healthy group of subjects non-allergic to cow milk. The patients allergic to cow milk showed significant response to α-S1 casein, which reduced with higher degree of hydrolysis. Maximum reduction of antigenicity was observed for trypsin at 85%. Similarly, α- chymotrypsin at pH 7.8, pepsin at pH 2.2 and pH 5.5 reduced the antigenicity to 63%, 60% and 38%, respectively. The enzymatic hydrolysis can reduce the antigenicity of buffalo α-S1 casein in patients allergic to cow milk. However, a complete inhibition of immunogenic reaction requires supplementary treatment beyond gastrointestinal enzymes.


Automation network model is a kind of local dynamic model, which is discrete in time and space dimensions. Agentbased modeling and simulation method is quite important in the research of complex adaptive system. In this paper, automaton network model and Agentbased modeling and simulation method are integrated, and a kind of Agentbased automation network model is put forward. We use an example called "the combat for flag" to illustrate the modeling process. The simulation experiment results are analyzed.


Our objective in the paper is to establish a framework for thinking about problems whose solutions require multiple agents working together. Particularly, we are concerned with agents who operate in an undersea environment. We discuss three problems within this framework: (i) semi-automated platform command and control, (ii) fully-automated control of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and (iii) joint platformlAUV mission control. Our work proceeds under the hypothesis that each problem is a Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) problem and that each problem is essentially isomorphic. In the paper we characterize the concept of DAI problem, propose a table of dimensions for casting DAI problems, discuss several DAI design heuristics, and describe our work on the three problems above.


The linear scheme of a communication sequel (transmitter - literary mark - recipient) is not quite sufficient to explain the specific facts of comprehension of literature in school. The interpretation of the literary mark is decided - here, as in every other case - by the scope of community between the transmitter and the recipient in the field of experience. This scope is changeable and depends on the character of interaction in the field of didactic intervention. Researches on comprehension of lyrics in school allow in practice the elimination of observing the transrnitter, but compel to focus on three elements of the communication sequel: a) characteristics of the mark, b) perceptional functions and the recipient's, attitude, c) the field of didactic intervention.


This research aims to know the cost of production, revenues, earnings, profits and business feasibility hatcheries tilapia and catfish are reviewed from the RC nilsi ratio, Productivity the productivity of land, labor and capital Productivity. The technique of determination of the location chosen in this study was done deliberately (purposive) with the consideration that the Mino group of Ngremboko which is in the hamlet of Bokesan has a land area of seed production 275.000 m2 with most fish compared Another hamlet. for sampling conducted in the census by the number of members of farmers ' seed fish tilapia and catfish whole incorporated in the Mino group Ngremboko as many as 43 members of the 43 members of the samples used in the study of 28 members for farmers fish tilapia and 15 members of farmers ' seed of catfish, a member of which the respondent is an active member. The data gathered through structured interviews are next in the analysis are desktiptif. The results showed that the total cost of the production At hatcheries catfish greater than hatchery fish tilapia. While the receipt obtained higher at catfish hatchery fish tilapia, while compared to revenue and profit that is higher at hatcheries nila compared catfish. Feasibility analysis of the views of the value of R/C, land productivity, labor productivity and capital productivity that is known that the value of worthiness higher at hatcheries hatcheries means nila nila laboured more feasible.


We report on an initial ethnographic exploration of the situation of sex-trafficking survivors in Nepal. In the course of studying trafficking survivors in a protected-living situation created by a non-governmental organization in Nepal, we adapted photo-elicitation to hear the voices of the survivors by making the technique more communal. Bringing sociality to the forefront of the method reduced the pressure on survivors to assert voices as individuals, allowing them to speak. We make three contributions to research. First, we propose a communal form of photo-elicitation as a method to elicit values in sensitive settings. Second, we present the complex circumstances of the survivors as they undergo rehabilitation and move towards life with a "new normal". Third, our work adds to HCI and CSCW literature on understanding specific concerns of trafficking survivors and aims to inform designs that can support reintegration of survivors in society. The values that the survivors hold and their notion of future opportunities suggest possession of limited but important social capital in some domains that could be leveraged to aid reintegration.


The abundance of social media use and the rise of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) has given rise to big data which offer great potential for enhanced market knowledge for marketers. In the literature, ...


This paper describes the rise and fall of a self-made mining magnate. After a poor education, Henry Hopper Adams first became involved with mining, at Thames, when almost 17, although he later gave an even younger age. He quickly learnt the basic skills of mining, and by 1875 was a mining company director and in the late 1870s erected and managed batteries in addition to erecting bridges and water races; although describing himself as an engineer, he was an untaught one. Having participated in the Te Aroha rush, he supervised the erection of its battery and then erected the first one at Waihi. Neither were successful, the former because of the absence of payable gold and the latter because of insufficient water power. At Waihi he made the first of many modifications to the machinery used in treatment plants. At Waiorongomai he erected the battery, water races, and tramway, but as the Battery Company that employed him gained increasing control over this field he was subject to frequent criticism for decisions that were outside his control. As the field declined, he managed more and more mines on behalf of this company. As a leading figure in the Waiorongomai community, he did his best to assist it and to improve the battery. A visit to America to investigate new techniques led to his facilitating the purchase of the battery and many of the mines by the Te Aroha Silver and Gold Company, for which he worked as general manager for a time. When this company abandoned the field, he acquired its property in 1890, being confident that the district would produce payable ore. As well as owning the Waiorongomai battery and most of the mines, he diversified by also owning a timber mill, flax mills, and farms. Adams was the first man to trial the new cyanide process at Waiorongomai, starting with the tailings plant in mid-1892 and then the modified battery itself in that December. Despite the modifications he made subsequently, cyanide was not a success because of the presence of copper in the ore, and in 1894 the plant was moved to Karangahake. These unsuccessful ventures prompted him to seek financial assistance from the government. After leaving Waiorongomai in mid-1895, he managed mines and erected and managed batteries throughout most of Hauraki, becoming one of its leading mining figures. By the early twentieth century his efforts were focused in particular on Broken Hills (near Tairua) and Thames, where he


The goals of this proposal involved constructing 1:5M scale geologic maps of V-23 (Niobe Planitia) and V-24 (Greenaway) quadrangles, and ancillary materials to be submitted to USGS as part of the VMAP project. Complete geologic maps and packages of ancillary materials for V-23 and V-24 have been submitted to USGS and are currently under review. In addition to these products, we have published or submitted various manuscript and/abstracts detailing the results of our research that has grown out of the proposed work. We presented our maps in various stages of construction at NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Mappers' meeting each year. We have also presented talks or posters summarizing our work at various conferences including: he Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, and the National Geological Society of America meeting. The work resulted in exciting developments of Venus lowland resurfacing. The products and publications resulting from this work are listed below.


A successful educator must possess professional (expert) and social competence (emotional andsocial skills). The goal of research is to determine the differences in social skills and competenciesof educators of Central and Zenica-Doboj Canton in relation to: age, work experience, educationlevel and type of occupation educator. The study enrolled 272 participants of different educationalprofile, employed in private and public educational institutions, using the Questionnaire ofTeacher Competences and Social Skills Inventory. The statistically significant differences in theset of social skills and competence are found, according to socio-demographic characteristics:education level of participants, age, work experience and type of occupation. Participants in theage group ranging 31 - 40 years have the highest emotional control. Participants with highereducation are the best in the emotional and social control. The least experienced participants aresuperior in skills of emotional control and social expressiveness. Directors are superior to otheroccupational profiles in social expressiveness and social control. Therefore, social skills trainingprograms should be adapted to the socio-demographic profile of the educators.


Disorders of mood, especially depressive disorders, are the most common psychiatric disturbances associated with Parkinson disease (PD)1 and may present before or after the onset of motor symptoms. Numerous studies have linked depression and other mental illnesses to an increased risk of a subsequent diagnosis of PD.2 Among the most compelling was a nested case-control study in a Swedish nationwide cohort that found that the odds ratio of being diagnosed with PD within the first year of depression was 3.2 (95% confidence interval 2.5–4.1).3 Furthermore, this study demonstrated a persistent association between depression and PD for >2 decades, a "dose-response" relationship between severity of depression and risk of PD as inferred by recurrent need for hospitalization, and a lack of familial coaggregation of depression and PD in sibling pairs, all of which suggest a direct and independent relationship between depression and subsequent PD. Although both major depression and bipolar disorder are mood disorders that may be characterized by recurrent episodes of low mood (depression), bipolar disorder also requires the presence of ≥1 manic or mixed episodes. Despite the clinical similarities and possibility of etiologic overlap, major depression and bipolar disorder have differing genetic risk. Therefore, the issue of whether bipolar disorder is associated with an increased risk of subsequent diagnosis of PD should be further explored.


The purpose of this project was to describe a novel design approach for a digital computer peripheral controller, then design and construct a case study controller.
This document consists of three chapters and an appendix. Chapter II presents the design approach chosen; a variation to a design presented by Charles R. Richards in an article published in Electronics magazine. Richards' approach consists of a finite state machine circuitry controlling all the functions of a controller. The variation to Richards' approach consists of considering the various logically independent processes which a controller carries out and assigning control of each process to a separate finite state machine.
The appendix contains the documentation of the design and construction of the controller.


The paper explores the norms and values supporting the market as a social institution,seeking to outline them explicitly. After this, it addresses the following questions: what dimensions of value in things, relationships and persons are acknowledged or ignored by the norms of the market? Second, what are the ideals of self and society that the market attempts to embody? Third, does the extension of the market to a certain realm undermine the realization of other ideals? The main point of the paper is that market forces must embedded in supportive, but constraining, social, institutional and normative frameworks.


This study has examined the use of two commercially available polyorganosilazanes for application as preceramic binders in a composite composed of silicon carbide fibers in a reaction bonded silicon nitride (RBSN) matrix. Ceramic monolithic and composite samples were produced. Density of monolithic and whisker reinforced RBSN samples containing the polysilazane binder was increased. Mercury intrusion porosimetry revealed a significant decrease in the pore sizes of samples containing a polyorganosilazane binder. Electron micrographs of samples containing the preceramic binder looked similar to control samples containing no precursor. Overall, incorporation of the polysilazane into monolithic and whisker reinforced samples resulted in significantly increased density and decreased porosity. Nitriding of the RBSN was slightly retarded by addition of the polysilazane binder. Samples with the preceramic binders contained increased contents of [alpha] versus [beta]-silicon nitride which may be due to interaction of hydrogen evolved from polysilazane pyrolysis with the nitriding process. Initial efforts to produce continuous fiber reinforced composites via this method have not realized the same improvements in density and porosity which have been observed for monolithic and whisker reinforced samples. Further, the addition of perceramic binder resulted in a more brittle fracture morphology as compared to similar composites made without the binder.


While studies of information systems (IS) project management are plentiful, few studies have investigated how the tools and techniques used in project management differ for varying types of organizations. In this study we surveyed members of the Project Management Institute who work as IS project managers in a variety of different organizations both public and private and large and small. Results show that the practices and tools utilized in varying organizations are largely similar even though the literature suggests that these organizations face different challenges. However, projects completed in governmental organizations in the public sector come in behindschedule more often than those completed in organizations in the private sector. These findings provide insights for project managers in a variety of organizational settings.


In this paper a simple method is proposed to estimate extreme ship response, which is defined by the upcrossing spectrum of the responses at high levels. The method requires limited statistical information about shipping and the corresponding responses. Since the real ship responses are often non-Gaussian, a transformed Gaussian approach using the cubic Hermite polynomials is employed. The parametric transformation is a function of the standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis and zero up-crossing frequency of a response which mainly varies with changing sea conditions and operation conditions. Parameters needed in the transformation are computed from their relations with encountered waves, characterized by the significant wave height here. The relations are derived from the measurements, but can be also computed by theoretical analysis. Finally, this method is compared and validated with the typical engineering approach, based on the full-scale measurements of a 2800 TEU container ship during the first six months of 2008. If no measured responses are available, the parameters of the transformation can be estimated using simple numerical analysis.


Abstract : In situ biological degradation involves stimulation of the indigenous subsurface microbial population, by the addition of nutrients and an oxygen source (hydrogen peroxide), in order to promote degradation of organic contaminants present in soils and groundwater. The site selected for the demonstration of in situ biodegradation contains a mixture of inorganic and organic contaminants including electroplating wastes, chlorinated solvents, cresols, and chlorobenzenes. The soils are classified as gravelly clay loams and the hydraulic conductivity within the demonstration site varies from 0.11 to 9.26 ft/day. The design of the field demonstration involved computer modeling using a two dimensional nonsteady state model to determine the number and placement of injection and extraction wells. Stabilized hydrogen peroxide and specially formulated nutrients are introduced to the subsurface and the groundwater is circulated by pumping and gravity injection. Routine monitoring of chemical and biological parameters has been conducted during a 3-month operation period from June through September 1985. These results are presented and indicate that rapid transport and breakthrough of ammonia and phosphate has occured in areas of high hydraulic conductivity. The microbial population has adapted to the addition of nutrients and incremental increases of hydrogen peroxide and remains viable. Comparisons of performance and cost are also presented against more traditional treatment approaches.


Jute fabrics/polypropylene composites were prepared by compression molding. Jute fabrics were treated with red dye solutions (0.1–1%, w/w) for different soaking times and we found that 0.5% red-dye-treated jute/PP composite for 5 min soaking time showed better results. Gamma radiation (250-1000 krad dose) was applied on both jute and matrices. Composites were fabricated with non-irradiated jute/non-irradiated PP (C-0), non-irradiated jute/irradiated PP (C-1), irradiated jute/non-irradiated PP (C-2), and irradiated jute/irradiated PP (C-3). It was found that a C-3 composite made using 500 krad dose showed the best results. Simulating weathering and dielectric properties of the composites were also performed.


Using molecular dynamics simulation, tension and bending tests of a Fe nanopillar are carried out to obtain its Young's modulus and yield strength. Then the comparative study of Young's modulus and yield strength of a Fe nanopillar under bending and tension are carried out varying its diameter in the range of diameter 1-15nm. We find out the reasons why bending Young's modulus and yield strength of a Fe nanopillar are higher than those of tension Young's modulus and yield strength of a Fe nanopillar. Using the mobility parameters of bulk Fe from the experimental study [N. Urabe and J. Weertman, Materials Science and Engineering 18, 41 (1975)], its temperature dependent stress-strain relationship, yield strength and strain hardening modulus are obtained from the dislocation dynamics simulations. Strain rate dependent yield strength and strain hardening modulus of bulk Fe pillars under tension are studied. Temperature dependent creep behaviors of bulk Fe pillars under tension are also studied. To verify the...


The article is devoted to the preconditions that served as the beginning of the process of suburbanization around the world; the patterns of formation of suburban areas around large Russian cities are considered. Particular attention is paid to the most pressing problems of the Belgorod suburb. Since the Belgorod suburb has followed the American development path, the problems of Belgorod suburbs are similar to the problems of American suburbs in the different areas such as transport, environmental and socio-economic. Each of these issues is dealt with separately; the causes of these problems are taken into account; global trends in solutions are analyzed, and specific options for solving these problems for the Belgorod suburb are given


From the beginning there is a close but not complete parallelism between the theory of approximation by polynomials and that of approximation by trigonometric sums. This is true both for the orthogonal developments in Legendre and Fourier series and for approximation by more general linear combinations of the fundamental monomials. From another point of view, the Legendre and Fourier series may be regarded as special cases under a theory of polynomials orthogonal on curves in the plane of a pair of real variables, the curve being a line segment in one case and a circle in the other.2 The notion of orthogonal polynomials on a plane curve may again be varied by replacing the polynomials by trigonometric sums. The purpose of the following pages is to clarify some of the changes in the theory that are brought about by this replacement. A natural procedure would be to pass directly from polynomials in two variables to double trigonometric sums. It is somewhat simpler, however, to deal with expressions which are trigonometric sums in one variable and polynomials in the other. Such an expression, a trigonometric sum in x with coefficients which are polynomials in y, or a polynomial in y with coefficients which are trigonometric sums in x, will be called here simply a mixed sum. The next sections will be concerned mainly with the beginnings of a theory of orthogonal mixed sums on a curve which is itself characterized by the vanishing of a particular mixed sum, the analogue of an algebraic curve in the case of ordinary polynomials. By another change in point of view the problem can be regarded as pertaining to polynomials in three variables on an algebraic curve in space.3 If u = cos x, v = sin x, a mixed sum S(x, y) is a polynomial P(u, v, y), and the curve S(x, y) = 0 corresponds to the curve defined by the simultaneous vanishing of P(u, v, y) and u2 + V21. It will be convenient however to work with the formulation in terms of two variables. The discussion of mixed sums will be followed by a brief indication of some of the novel features which are encountered for the first time when the orthogonal functions are trigonometric with respect to both variables. The double trigo-


Kinetic theory of dusty plasma is generalized for the limit of large grain charges where plasma ions are scattered by grains on large angles. The previous approach valid for multiple small angle scattering is also generalized by considering both processes of scattering and charging in the fast fluctuating part of particle distributions. A simple model to describe the large angle scattering is proposed. In the frame of this new kinetic approach in dusty plasmas a general prove of existence of dust attraction at larger distances is given. 1. Achievements of previous kinetic theory of dusty plasmas Previous kinetic theory of dusty plasmas [1-7] is valid for the condition β = Zde /TiλDi << 1, i.e. if the Coulomb radius is much less then the Debye radius. Generalization of the theory for β >> 1 is the subject of the present consideration. The conditionβ ≪ 1 can be fulfilled either for small grain sizes (in laboratory condition less then0.2μm) or for the case of large Debye radius (often met in astrophysical conditions). In laboratory experiments β ranges from5 to 50 − 100. The necessity of kinetic description of dusty plasmas is well known since at present level of the experiments it is possible to follow individual dust grains and measure (in principle) there distribution functions in space and time. The observed macroscopic properties such as viscosity for inhomogeneous dust flow or friction, diffusion and other transport coefficients can be compared with the results of measurements if the kinetic theory can provide the description of these quantities on the basis of of dusty plasmas kinetic approach. This requires to use a kinetic expressions for the collision integrals in dusty plasmas from which the transport coefficient can be calculated. In the condition often met in most existing experiments PZd ≫ 1 (P = ndZd/ni is the Havnes parameter and Zd ≫ 1 is the grain charge in units of an electron charge) the rate of binary electron/ion collisions with electron/ions is much less than the rate of their collisions with dust grains. The absorption on dust grains and the ionization that is required to compensate this absorption are strongly velocity dependent and create non-thermal electron and ion distributions. This is the main reason of necessity to use the kinetic approach to describe the transport coefficient in dusty plasmas. The main physical processes that makes dusty plasmas different from ordinary plasmas are: 1) during the collisions the grains change there charges which are depending on the distance between the grains and 2) during the collisions the grains change their screening which differs from Debye screening. Plasma physics in absence of dust is based on Landau Balescu collision integrals which serves as the starting point of the modern transport theory. These collision integrals are proportional to the squares of colliding charges and are 34th EPS Conference on Plasma Phys. Warsaw, 2 6 July 2007 ECA Vol.31F, O-4.011 (2007)


In this paper, it is reported that tapping resistances in the mechanical tapping using a tapping attachment were measured by a mechanical tool dynamometer constructed newly and connected to an oscillograph through an electric resistance strain gauge. The materials used were low carbon steel, cast iron, brass and aluminium. The diameters of the hand tapps were 3/16'', 1/4'', 5/16'', and 3/8'' Whitworth. As the result, the tapping resistance is not merely affected by the tapping speed but depends on the diameter of the tap drill and the form of the chamfer and the flute of the tap.


To sutdy the enhancing effect of blending fiber to the fly ash soil,the polypropylene fiber was chosen as the reinforcement additive to the fly ash soil to improve its brittle failure resistance.The filer was randomly blended into the fly ash soil at 5 different mass fractions(0.5%,1%,2%,3%,4%)to prepare 6 groups of samples including the baseline pure fly ash soil sample.These samples were subjected to the side unconfined compression test.The test results show that blending the fiber leads to enhancement of the toughness and the unconfined compression strength of the fly ash soil samples.The mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced fly ash soil appear the best at fiber mass fraction of 1%.


Over the last several decades, predicting protein structures from amino acid sequences has been a core task in bioinformatics. Nowadays, the most successful methods employ multiple sequence alignments and can predict the structure with excellent performance. These predictions take advantage of all the amino acids at a given position and their frequencies. However, the effect of single amino acid substitutions in a specific protein tends to be hidden by the alignment profile. For this reason, single-sequence-based predictions attract interest even after accurate multiple-alignment methods have become available: the use of single sequences ensures that the effects of substitution are not confounded by homologous sequences.

This work aims at understanding how the single-sequence secondary structure prediction of a residue is influenced by the surrounding ones. We aim at understanding how different prediction methods use single-sequence information to predict the structure.

We compare mutual information, the coefficients of two linear models, and three deep learning networks. For the deep learning algorithms, we use the DeepLIFT analysis to assess the effect of each residue at each position in the prediction.

Mutual information and linear models quantify direct effects, whereas DeepLIFT applied on deep learning networks quantifies both direct and indirect effects

Our analysis shows how different network architectures use the information of single protein sequences and highlights their differences with respect to linear models. In particular, the deep learning implementations take into account context and single position information differently, with the best results obtained using the BERT architecture.


The optical transmission(200―2000 nm), sheet resistance and work functions of indium-tin oxide(ITO)(100 Ω/□), ITO(12 Ω/□), zinc-oxide(ZnO), aluminum-doped ZnO(AZO) and polyaniline(PANI) films were investigated. Near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes(NIR-OLEDs) emitting around 1.54 μm based on Er(DBM)3Phen with ITO(100 Ω/□), ITO(12 Ω/□) and PANI as anodes, respectively, were fabricated. The device structure was anode/4''-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenyl-amino)-triphenylamine(m-MTDATA)/ N,N'-di-1-naphthyl- N,N'-diphenylbenzidine(NPB)/Er(DBM)3Phen/tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum(Alq3)/Al. The results suggest that the performance of NIR-OLEDs with ITO(100 Ω/□), which has a lower Sn content, as anodes appear to be better than that of NIR-OLEDs with ITO(12 Ω/□) and PANI as anodes, respectively. The high NIR transmittance of ITO(100 Ω/□) is a major reason for the relatively high NIR EL efficiency. The more balanced holes and electrons in the device based on ITO(100 Ω/□) are another reasons. Keywords Transparent electrode; Near-infrared(NIR); Organic light-emitting diode(OLED) Article ID 1005-9040(2009)-06-786-05


Background: Obstructive nephropathy which caused by stones is a burden problem in developing countries associated with late presentation and a lot of complications. Objective: This study was done to evaluate the outcome of management of obstructed kidney due to stones at Gezira hospital for renal disease & surgery. Material and Methods: This is prospective cross-sectional hospital-based study. All patients who presented with obstructed kidneys and fulfill the criteria were included. Constructed flow chart was used to collect data. Then data was analyzed to detect the dependent & independent variable. Relation with P-value <0.05 are considered significantly. Result: 140 patients are included. Duration of Presenting symptoms was 9 weeks or more in 99 patients, 5-8 weeks in 11 patients, 2-4 weeks in 6 patients, and less than two weeks in 30 patients. It is strongly related to post-intervention serum creatinine (P-value =0.009). Common site of stone is ureter (58 patients) and renal pelvis (54 patients) significantly associated with recovery (P-value 0.009). An urgent intervention was done to 69 patients. Definitive treatments were Open surgery, endoscopic procedure (URS), or both with rate 65(46.4%), 57 (40.7%), and 10(7.2%) respectively. In 5.7% (n= 8 patients) endoscopic procedure (URS) was failed. Postoperative follow up (after 6 weeks or after removal of stent) 95.7 % (n=134 patients) were free from symptoms, and there were no clinical signs in all patients post intervention. Conclusion: late presentation and site of obstructed kidney stone can predict the complication and affect the outcome.


The present invention relates to a character service method and system in which game item functions are combined. The character generation method combined with the game item function according to the present invention includes: a) providing an avatar to a user who is connected to the character generation system online; and b) when the user acquires the game item function. A stage in which the game butter control unit confirms whether or not the user wants to combine with the avatar before the game progress; and c) game butter control when the user desires to combine the game item function with the avatar. The game item function is combined with the corresponding layer of the avatar by the control of the unit, and d) the game butter providing unit generates the combined game butter. [Selection] Figure 4


Janakidevi et al. (1) showed that the ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis, could biosynthesize both of adrenaline and noradrenaline, while the flagellated protozoan, Crithidia fasciculata, biosynthesized only adrenaline. Accordingly, Blum et al. (2) studied the effect of reserpine on the protozoan and found that it inhibited growth and decreased the catecholamine content. Furthermore, Blum (3) investigated the effects of drugs which interacted with the action of catecholamine in mammals, on the glycogen content and growth of Tetrahymena, and suggested a relationship between glycogen synthesis and the control system for adrenergic metabolism in Tetrahymena. Later, serotonin was also discovered in both Crithidia and Tetrahymena by Janakidevi et al. (4). Furthermore, Blum et al. (5) suggested that clofibrate, a hypolipidemic agent, inhibited glyconeogenesis or activated glycogenolysis in Tetrahymena. And recently, Blum (6) reported that adrenergic control system of Tetrahymena influenced a peroxisomal enzyme which acted the first step of glyconeogenesis from acetyl-CoA. In an earlier publication from our laboratory (7), we recognized that the growth of Tetrahymena was promoted by dibenamine or ergotamine. The present paper is on the effect of the compounds used in previous experiments, on growth during 72 hours, and on the cell growth and division in one life cycle of the protozoan.


Background: Species-rich Nardus stricta grasslands are a priority habitat for conservation in Europe. They typically occur on siliceous substrates and less frequently are found on calcareous bedrock. Aims: The present paper aimed to identify the environmental factors (i.e. bedrock type, topographic, and climatic factors) that are related with community diversity and to assess if differences in plant diversity between N. stricta communities on calcareous and siliceous bedrock occur. We hypothesised that Nardus grasslands on calcareous bedrock hosted a higher vascular plant diversity than those on siliceous bedrock. Methods: Based on 579 vegetation surveys carried out in the south-western Alps, we assessed vascular plant diversity (species richness, Shannon diversity, and Pielou's equitability index) of species-rich Nardus grasslands and compared it between N. stricta communities on calcareous and siliceous bedrock. Results: Elevation was identified as the main factor related to species composition, while species diversity was mostly related to mean annual precipitation and bedrock type. Species richness, Shannon diversity, and Pielou's equitability index were higher within the communities on calcareous rather than on siliceous bedrock and a total of 89 and 34 indicator species were detected, respectively. Conclusions: Based on our results, we suggest to protect primarily, as a habitat of priority interest, N. stricta grasslands on calcareous substrates for the higher vascular plant diversity hosted.


Chinese resource pharmaceutical industry takes important role in medicine industry.Resource pharmaceutical industry's development not only affects itself but also the whole country's medcine enterprise.Accessing from the actual of Chinese resource pharmaceutical,research on the inner and outside environment,we can put forward the alternatice direction of developing strategy: make clear production's fixed position;take advantage of cost;adjust production's structure;depend on science and technology;develop technology export.


Based on the analysis of a representative volume of a polymer composition with high filler content we have found its effective strain and strength characteristics by continuum mechanics methods. The peculiarity of the studied material is related with a wide spread of sizes of dispersed inclusions (filler), which makes the known approaches inapplicable to the simulation of the stress-strain state of a representative volume. The proposed approach is illustrated by the example of analysis of the composition that contains dispersed inclusions of two sizes.


Although recent progress in 2D mobile robot navigation has been significant, the great majority of existing work focuses only on ensuring that the robot reaches its goal. But to make autonomous navigation truly successful, the "quality" of planned motion is important as well. Here, we develop and analyze a pose-following kinematic control law applicable to unicycle-type robots, such that the robot can generate intuitive, fast, smooth, and comfortable trajectories.


«Hard-working bee» was a unique for the XVIII century edition. The author of the «Reasoning…» about the virtues of author of stories was Nikolay Nikolaevich Motonis, companion-in-arms of A.P. Sumarokov, luminous rhetor, member of the Academy of sciences. The author develops rhetoric provisions of M.V. Lomonosov in poetological aspect: he studies how to write, and at the same time he gives an example of rhetoric composition. The communicative model by Motonis suggests an active reader, and the reading itself is viewed as as a complex activity by him. Creating intersection of discources of the author and the reader, Motonis actively uses technics developed by an ancient rhetoric and «rehabilitated» by the practice of writers-enlighteners of the XVIII century.


A computing architecture based on neuronal principles is presented, which implements learning to reach towards visually-perceived targets for an embodied agent. The whole behavioural loop from object perception to motor control is realised in the architecture using attractor dynamics and Dynamic Neural Fields. The sensory-motor mappings, involved in generation of saccadic gaze shifts and goal-directed arm movements, adapt in the system autonomously during the behaviour. A network of neural-dynamic nodes organises activation and deactivation of the behavioural modules of the architecture, leading to an autonomous process model of learning to look and to reach. The architecture was implemented and validated on a simulated robot.


Background: Gout is one of the most common inflammatory arthropathies. A target serum uric acid of less than 300µmol/l is recommended when tophi are present, and less than 360µmol/l for non-tophaceous gout. Urate-lowering ther- apy (ULT) should be titrated until the target is achieved and long-term main-tenance of the target concentration is recommended. Although ULT has been proven to in non-tophaceous and tophaceous gout respectively. Sub-analysis compliant CKD patients, in allopurinol dose between achieved versus target sUA (mean (61%) CKD patients with tophi target sUA at than 300mg allopurinol. Lower achievement of target sUA associated with presence of tophi (p=0.001), compliance (p= 0.000) and of comorbidity (p=0.041). Background: Despite the high prevalence of gout, there has been little investiga- tion into the relationship between physical activity and gout. Objectives: To investigate whether physically active gout patients, as assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) long form, have lower pain scores, decreased inflammation, assessed by C-reactive protein (CRP) lev- els and less flares. Methods: During scheduled appointments, gout patients not experiencing a flare at the time of visit were recruited from our clinics and consented to participate in the study. IPAQ were completed. Clinical data collected during the visit included age, years since diagnosis, flares per year, perceived pain at the time of visit and in the past 4 weeks, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Results: Thirty gout patients were recruited. Ages 31-86 (mean 61); duration of gout: one- 43 years (mean 9). IPAQ, separated gout patients into physically active (n=16) and physically inactive cohorts (n=14) (p<0.001. Physi- cally active gout patients had over 12-fold fewer gout flares per year (p<0.01); 10-fold less CRP (p<0.01, a 4.6-fold decrease in perceived pain at the time of visit (p<0.01), and a 2.8-fold decrease in perceived pain over the past 4-week period (p<0.05). Conclusion: This is the first study using a validated physical activity tool, IPAQ, to assess physical activity in gout patients. In this study, physically active gout patients were found to have lower CRP levels, less flares per year, and decreased pain perception compared to those that are not physically active, highlighting, the importance of incorporating Background: Dual-Energy CT (DECT) has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition. Although widely used in research, few studies have evaluated the usefulness of DECT in clinical practice. Objectives: To evaluate the use of DECT in a clinical setting and determine its utility Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the records of all patients referred for DECT scans over a 6.5-year period. Patient charts were reviewed for clinical features. Results: 113 patients (17.5/yr) DECT evaluation at university hospital over the study period (234 scans). by this work, we applied the 31 P NMR spectroscopy to estimate the quantity of P i and PP i in synovial fluids of patients with CPPD disease. The con- jugates of bacterial PPases with detonation nanodiamond were demonstrated to retain enzymatic activity in the hydrolysis of exogenous PP i in human synovial fluid. These results provide the basis for the further tests of PPase-based conjugates on animal models in vivo an characterized


Media are invited to talk with the five top competitors from the first round of the Cube Quest Challenge during a teleconference at 2 p.m. EDT Wednesday, Sept. 9.


In this paper it is shown how to compute optimal temperature profiles for post-exposure bake of photo-resist. The profiles are optimal in the sense that the worst case non-uniformity of the dissolution rate in the photo-resist is minimized. This yields uniform development profiles, which make over- development unnecessary. The optimal strategy turns out to be to heat and cool with maximum speed. This means that the only variable that remains to optimize in each specific case is the total time of baking. This is a significant reduction in optimization complexity, and it agrees with common industrial practice.


Background. India has one of the largest railway networks, with a high incidence of railway-related accidents and fatality rate of 150/million passengers per year. We evaluated the pre-hospitalization period, pattern of injury and outcome of train accident victims in a metropolitan city. Methods. For this prospective observational study, we included victims of railway accidents presenting to a public hospital of Mumbai (a metropolitan city) from November 2014 to September 2016. We documented a detailed history of the victims and patterns of injury. Injuries were assessed using the revised trauma score, injury severity score (ISS) and trauma score-ISS. The outcome of surviving persons was assessed using the European quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). Results. Eighty-one accident victims were admitted during the study period, of which 37 (46%) were seriously injured. The victims were predominantly male (85%), in the age group of 14–45 years (91%), 23 (28%) were in an intoxicated state. Most accidents happened during morning and evening peak hours (60%). The average time for victims to reach hospital was 38.1 minutes and 77 (95%) were transported by an ambulance accompanied by a doctor, while 8 (10%) received first aid at the railway station or in the ambulance. Ten (12%) accident victims died while 71 (88%) were discharged. Conclusions. We found a high incidence of people in their productive age group losing their lives to railway accidents, which can be prevented with the help of a robust transport system and training the first responder emergency medical care providers.


The digitization of agriculture needs the methodological support in comprehensive assessment of scientific and educational, experimental and industrial potential of agricultural universities. The article examines the methodology and criteria of this potential evaluation under the project "experimental digital pilot farm". The findings include the evaluation scheme of such project's development on the basis of the agricultural university. The integrated index of the evaluation has also been developed with the use of the statistics method, the sociological and expert survey. It is argued that the objective evaluation of the digitization efficiency on the level of a particular farm will help to choose differential strategies on digital transformation of agrarian enterprises.


This study aims to identify some of the morphological, properties, which helped Acacia raddiana of Fabaceae family to growing and reproducting in arid areas like Algerian Sahara.In order of this, we have identified the area named "Méguiden" of the department of Timimoun, for the selection of trees that were categorized into three sections of age depending on the measurement circumference of their trunks. The obtained results confirmed that the genus Acacia raddiana, adopt some strategies leading to effective use of water from the layer surrounding the securities and as well as; hairy leaves and inflorescences, and as well as the presence of long thorns. All these factors, this specie to be one of the most important phreatic plants, which can supply water, located in the depths of the soil.


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 In cooperation between Hungarian universities we began constructing experimental university planetary space probe robot models in order to develop both electronics and informatics, and planetary-science/space-science education. Two forms of robot models were prepared: fix standing type landers, named Hunveyor ( H ungarian UN iversity SUR VEYOR ) and moving robotic rovers, named Husar ( H ungarian U niversity S urface A nalyser R over) at Eotvos University, Budapest, Pecs University, Pecs, and Obuda University, Alba Regia Center, Szekesfehervar. We report some basic instrumentations: a) minimal space probe energetics and electronic system, b) some basic instrumental assemblage (spectrometer, thermometer, Nurnbergian scissor type arm and the cameras), c) rover units, c) test-fields and testing experiments for soil strength analysis.


Poverty Alleviation Resettlement is a key component of Chinas Five-Batch policy in Targeted Poverty Alleviation. This work introduces the history of the PAR programme in China and the current phase of work arrangement. It presents findings from the literature on internal and rural-urban migration in China and other countries as well as some of the experiences and problems faced by the previous poverty alleviation resettlement projects. In addition, it attempts to build a simple DiD model to determine the impact of participation in the PAR programmes on the multidimensional poverty status of the poor in China, taking subjective and objective factors into account. It finally illustrates some shortcomings of this research for future refinement.


This study attempts to investigate the effect of customer engagement which represented through surveillance, social interaction, sharing information, attraction, and social influence on OTA"s (Online Travel Agency) customer engagement in social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram about its connection to purchase intention. The importance of this research is to understand the customer engagement level necessary to satisfy the needs of social media users that can lead to purchase intentions. The questionnaires used convenience sampling with totals of 30 questions and 200 respondents within the scope of Java Island Indonesia. Partial Least Square was used to analyze the data and six hypotheses were tested with five independent variables which are surveillance, social interaction, sharing information, attraction, and social influence. One mediating variable which is customer engagement, and one dependent variable purchase intention. The findings of this research are showing that OTAs are better if they focus on social influence, social interaction, and sharing information to increase customer engagement and ultimately create the intention to purchase for customers.


The objective of this paper is to present an investigation of resistance welded thermoplastic joints using stainless steel wire mesh and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with unidirectional E-glass fiber reinforcement. Five weld pressures and six heating element types were investigated to achieve high quality welds. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of welded heating element cross-sections were analyzed to provide a phenomenological description of the weld. Welded joints were also subjected to experimental lap shear evaluation and joint strengths were compared with values from the literature to assess the overall quality of welded joints. Characteristic B-basis strengths and corresponding SEM images are compared to lead to a recommended weld pressure of 345 kPa with a stainless steel wire mesh with 100 openings per inch.


Social media have become important channels for directing humanitarian communication. Aid organizations increasingly use social networks and simultaneously we have seen the emergence of self-organizing volunteers who take on a variety of humanitarian tasks that previously belonged to institutional agents. The focus of this study is on user-created disaster appeal videos on YouTube, which are a type of citizen communication that occurs in the aftermath of a disaster. Appeal videos aim to raise funds for the disaster victims by acting as intermediaries between humanitarian organizations and the public. The study explores how these appeals try to create solidarity with the plight of disaster victims, and how viewers respond to these appeals from ordinary humanitarians. The article argues that this peer-to-peer moral education may help to get round the distrust of humanitarian organizations and may also be able to cultivate the idea of global solidarity within the everyday lives of YouTube viewers.


For an integrable Hamiltonian with $d\ (d\geq 2)$ degrees of freedom, we show the conditions on perturbations, for which invariant tori can be destructed.


The utility model provides a device for disinfecting an object. The device for disinfecting the object disinfects the object by at least removing a part of biological activity pollutants on the object. The device for disinfecting the object comprises a housing, wherein a disinfection chamber is surrounded by the housing, and at least a portion of the object can be contained in the disinfection chamber so as to be disinfected. The device for disinfecting the object further comprises an input hole, a feeder, an ultraviolet light source and a controller, wherein the object is guided into the device for disinfecting the object through the input hole, the feeder usually conveys the object to the disinfection chamber, and discharges the object after the object is disinfected, the ultraviolet light source shines ultraviolet light onto the portion of the object, guided into the disinfection chamber, and inactivates at least the part of the biological activity pollutants which exist on the object, and the controller is used to control operation of at least one of the feeder and the ultraviolet light source so as to enable the object to reach a disinfection standard and enable the object to apply to basically sterile application.


Three elements of the apochromatic wedge are assembled by optical molecular contact, eliminating all difficulties and inaccuracies inherent in cement bonding.


Leaders at top performing American universities share the fundamental belief that the faculty is the engine of quality within the university and that supportive leadership can fuel it. Academic administrators who function as supportive leaders help create the interpersonal, institutional, and financial conditions necessary to support high levels of performance by members of the faculty. This paper discusses and illustrates supportive leadership in top performing American universities in order to stimulate dialogue about whether and how supportive leadership can be fostered in Indonesian institutions of higher education.


Retail Industry is likely to be the next big thing for services in this decade. The industry is very diverse, with several sub-segments, each displaying its own unique characteristics. The retail players need to be excellent in every facet of operations as the market is highly competitive at every level and re-defining itself every day. It is mainly service oriented industry so employee's especially frontline sales people who do have a major role in customers purchasing decision are the key people to its success. Now – a-days the main USP of any industry especially service industry is satisfied customer. The main focus of this research is to determine the department store service effectiveness. This is achieved by means of assessment of the customer expectation and customer perception of the service effectiveness rendered by frontline sales personnel. For the purpose of the conduction of the study both primary and secondary data was used. The questionnaire used for primary data collection was based on a modified fifteen-item, seven –point scale that measures customer expectations and customer perception of service effectiveness developed by Parasuraman et.al. (1988). The secondary data was collected using various published and unpublished paper and electronic sources. For analysis and interpretation of data univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques like factor analysis and reliability analysis were used .The interpretation of the results showed that customer expectations scores are higher than customer perceptions scores, which indicate low level of service effectiveness. The study also identified factors important with respect to customer perceptions and customer expectations. The findings of the study would provide an insight into the customer expectations and customers perception of service effectiveness delivered by the frontline sales personnel along with the gap that exist between the two. This would provide a future scope of research with respect to the reasons for existence of the gap and the means that can be implemented by the management to bridge the gap depending on the reasons for the existence of the gap.


Part of a first stage course in French which aims to offer the material necessary to master the basic skills in French. This cassette pack accompanies a grammar workbook and teacher's notes and is part of a combined BBC Radio and Television course for beginners in French.


This paper will present the recent development of large-signal modeling cum PA design based on Dynax GaN HEMT devices. A modified Angelov model is used to model the pulse I-V data. Improved modeling results to address the trapping effect will be given together with new model parameter extraction methodology. The model is implemented in a commercial EDA tools for PA design simulation.


In the oligotrophic Arctic Ocean, previous studies have implied positive impacts of eddies on phytoplankton biomass. However, direct observations for estimating vertical nutrient fluxes in various parts of eddies are still lacking; these could explain the mechanism of high phytoplankton biomass associated with eddies compared to their surroundings. Here we conducted conductivity‐temperature‐depth surveys with water sampling to examine the characteristics of a cyclonic warm‐core eddy found over the Chukchi shelf slope in late summer 2015. Furthermore, we measured ocean microstructures to estimate vertical nutrient fluxes and their contributions to nutrient uptake by phytoplankton. The results imply that nutrients were supplied to the euphotic zone from a lower layer through vertical shear mixing near the center of the eddy and through double‐diffusive mixing associated with an interleaving structure at the rim of the eddy. Phytoplankton size structures differed markedly between the center and rim of the eddy.


L'objectif de ce texte est l'analyse de reseaux sociaux applicable a un phenomene d'action collective. Cette analyse englobe un ensemble de theories, transatlantic context and in the kingdom itself, which would produce the different solutions analyzed in this article. Those differences reflect mercantile organization and [allow us to] reinterpret the Pombaline legislation aimed at the comissario volante (traders who shuttled across the Atlantic).


The numerous studies of the formation of self-coloured polymers, based on anthraquinone residues, is summarized. In these polymers, the chromophoric groups are an integral part of the polymer. The possible structural types of these polymers are discussed in relation to the methods used to incorporate the anthraquinone-based chromophoric groups in the polymer chains. The possibility of using such polymers as self-coloured plastics or fibres is considered but this possibility is regarded as of lesser importance compared with the use of such polymers for other purposes, such as redox catalysts, and heat resistant pigments, plastics and fibres.


Abstract Cellulose, melamine formaldehyde precondensate (MF), and methylamine hydrochloride (MA.HCl) were reacted in aqueous medium at different conditions, including time, temperature, MF/MA.HCl molar ratio, and liquor-to-cellulose ratio (LR). Reaction conditions were selected to prepare a cellulose/MF/MA anion exchanger having a total nitrogen and an amino nitrogen of 23.1% and 131 mEq/100 g, respectively. Potentiometric titration showed that the strength, pKb , of this resin was 7.2. The resin lost about 3% and 9% of its total and amino nitrogen, respectively, during the first five cycles of the durability test, after which it suffered no losses up to 25 cycles. The resin was utilized in the removal of three anionic dyestuffs (direct, acid, and reactive) as well as permanganate and dichromate anions from aqueous solutions at different pH values ranging from 3 to 12. Maximum extents of removal were manifested at a pH value of 3, at which they followed the descending order: (permanganate ∼ acid dye) > (r...


0. The paper describes a bottom-up development and evaluation of a highly-resolved regional emission inventory for NMHCs in the area of Jiangsu, a strong industrialized region in Eastern China. The reference period is almost 10 years. The quantification of chemical processes is based on the determination of realistic source profiles for industrial activities by near-source measurements. The authors provide an extensive work. The paper is divided into 4 parts: first part describes the inventory methodology, second part compares the newly released emission inventory to other downscaled emission inventories regarding absolute emissions and speciated emissions; third part uses the CMAQ model to test the ability of the model to reproduce hourly maximum ozone concentrations with the new emission inventory. Evaluation of emission inventories is important for improving the simulation and forecast of air quality and climate and is unfortunately often neglected. Response and revisions:


The thermal diffusivity along the out-of-plane direction (D ⊥ ) in polyimide (PI) blend films containing silver nano particles (Ag-NPs) was investigated. PI blend films composed of a sulfur- and a fluorine-containing PI were prepared via spin-coating and thermal curing of the precursor solutions dissolving silver nitrate. Micro-phase-separated structures with a "vertical double percolation (VDP)" morphology were spontaneously formed in the films, in which two phases are separately aligned along the out-of-plane direction, and Ag-NPs were preferentially precipitated in the sulfur-containing PI phase. The blend films exhibited higher D ⊥ values than monophase PI films containing homogeneously dispersed Ag-NPs. These results indicate that the VDP structure functions as an effective thermal conductive pathway.