"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited." The Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association Volume 51 Number 5 2016 Received April 7, 2016 Revised May 3, 2016 Accepted June 1, 2016 Correspondence to: Jae-Hoon Jang, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, Korea TEL: +82-51-240-7248 FAX: +82-51-247-8395 E-mail: email@example.com


Background: Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disorder, primarily characterized by skin plaques. It is linked to co-morbidities including cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Several studies demonstrate that dietary habits can influence psoriasis development and severity. However, the effect of different dietary protein levels on psoriasis development and severity is poorly understood. In this study, we examine the influence of dietary protein on psoriasis-like skin disease in mice. Methods: We fed male C57BL/6J mice with regular, low protein and high protein chow for 4 weeks. Afterwards, we induced psoriasis-like skin disease by topical imiquimod (IMQ)-treatment on ear and back skin. The local cutaneous and systemic inflammatory response was investigated using flow cytometry analysis, histology and quantitative rt-PCR. Results: After 5 days of IMQ-treatment, both diets reduced bodyweight in mice, whereas only the high protein diet slightly aggravated IMQ-induced skin inflammation. IMQ-treatment induced infiltration of myeloid cells, neutrophils, and monocytes/macrophages into skin and spleen independently of diet. After IMQ-treatment, circulating neutrophils and reactive oxygen species were increased in mice on low and high protein diets. Conclusion: Different dietary protein levels had no striking effect on IMQ-induced psoriasis but aggravated the systemic pro-inflammatory phenotype.


Energy-saving economic operation of equipments is one of the ways to increase enterprise economic benefits and change extensive management into intensive management. It have great effects on effective energy utilization rate of enterprises. This paper introduces the concept and significances of energy-saving economic operation, performs function analysis of the objects of energy--saving economic operation with function analytical methods of value engineering, and presents the influential factors and conditions and ways to carry out energy-saving economic operation of equipments. The core is equipments, the key is control and the goal is increasing effective utilization rate of energy.


Artificial intelligence is already embedded in several digital tools used across design disciplines. Although it offers advantages in automating and facilitating design tasks, this technology has constraints to empowering practitioners. AI systems steadily incorporate machine learning to deliver meaningful designs but fail in critical dimensions such as creativity. Moreover, the intensive use of AI features to provide a design solution – so-called AI design – challenges the boundaries of the design field and designers' roles. AI-powered logo makers exemplify a horizon where non-designers can access design tools to create a personal or business visual identity. However, in the current context, these online businesses are limited to randomize layout solutions lacking the visual properties a logo requires. This article reports mixed-method research focusing on AI-powered logo makers' processes and outcomes. We investigated their capability to deliver consistent logo designs and to what extent their algorithms address logo design principles. Initially, our study identified representative visual principles in logo design-related literature. After probing AI-powered logo makers' features that enable logo creation, we conducted an exploratory experiment to obtain solutions. Finally, we invited logo design experts to evaluate whether three visual principles (proportion, balance and unity) were incorporated into the layouts. The assessment's results suggest that these AI design tools must calibrate the algorithms to provide solutions that meet expected logo design standards. Even focusing on a particular AI tool and a few visual principles, our research contributes to initial directions for developing algorithms that embody the complex aspects of visual design syntax.


Small gap wigglers become more and more attractive to produce high photon fluxes in the hard X-ray photon range. They use magnet blocks of high magnetization which resists much better to heating (baking, synchrotron radiation) than in the past, produce high magnetic field with numerous periods and are very compact. They also are a very good alternative to superconducting technology which requires special infrastructure, heavy maintenance and is not running cost free. SOLEIL, operating presently at 2.75 GeV has designed and built an in-vacuum wiggler of 38 periods of 50 mm producing 2.1 T at a minimum gap of 5.5 mm to delivered photon beam between 20 keV and 50 keV. Already in operation, further improvements are presently in progress to push photons towards higher energy, in particular thanks to the operation at lower gap (4.5 mm). MAX IV and SOLEIL, in the frame of collaboration, ave built an upgraded version of the existing SOLEIL wiggler with the target to extend the spectral range at high energy (above 50 keV) but also at low energy (4 keV) with the same insertion device. The design of the existing magnetic system has been modified to reach 2.4 T at a minimum gap of 4.2 mm and includes taper operation to avoid undulator structure in the radiated spectrum at low energy. (Less)


Objective To discuss the value of bronchoscope to treat grave pulmonary infection.Methods 140 grave pulmonary infection patients were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were include the pulmonary infection after the operation,the atelectasis,the AE-COPD and so on.They accepted bronchoscope at the same time,and the secretion through the bronchoscope were cultured.The symptom,the oxygen saturation of blood,the sign of lung and the CT of the lung were observed.Results The effective rates was 96%.The positive rate of lavage's germiculture was 83%.There were not serious complications.Conclusion The bronchoscope lavage was very importable to grave pulmonary infection patients.It's good to clear the secretion、reform the lung ventilate,use antibacterial logical,reduce the time in hospital and get well quickly.


The ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic brought certain circumstances which were never witnessed at such a scale. The response to this Pandemic was with strategically choreographed convergent action across different levels of both the government sector and non-government sector. This paper examines and documents the experiences of field functionaries like Anganwadi Workers, ASHA workers and Field Functionaries of State Rural Livelihood Mission during this Pandemic. This paper is based on Qualitative Research conducted with the tool of Narrative Analysis where the experiences of respondents from Fatehabad District, Birbhum, and Uttar Dinajpur Districts in West Bengal were documented. The sampling process done to select specific respondents was done purposively (purposive sampling).  Anganwadi Workers and ASHA Workers under usual circumstances do practice convergent action among themselves but during the process of institutional quarantine in rural settings, the inter-departmental convergence was evident because field functionaries of various in-line departments have proven to be a significant success. Moreover, the service-delivery component under different schemes has been modified relatively. SHG Groups which has been primarily viewed concerning micro-finance or credit has played a role in multiple domains with service delivery, market production. Convergence has been a contemporary highlighted concern in social work and development practice.


The boron (B) concentration surpasses the plant need in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, resulting in phyto-toxicity. Salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenous signaling molecule responsible for stress tolerance in plants and is a potential candidate for ameliorating B toxicity. In this study, the effects of seed priming with SA (0, 50, 100 and 150 µM for 12 h) on the growth, pigmentation and mineral concentrations of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under B toxicity were investigated. One-week old seedlings were subjected to soil spiked with B (0, 15 and 30 mg kg−1 soil) as boric acid. Elevating concentrations of B reduced the root and shoot length, but these losses were significantly restored in plants raised from seeds primed with 100 µM of SA. The B application decreased the root and shoot fresh/dry biomasses significantly at 30 mg kg−1 soil. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased with increasing levels of B, while the contents of anthocyanin, H2O2, ascorbic acid (ASA) and glycinebetaine (GB) were enhanced. The root K and Ca contents were significantly increased, while a reduction in the shoot K contents was recorded. The nitrate concentration was significantly higher in the shoot as compared to the root under applied B toxic regimes. However, all of these B toxicity effects were diminished with 100 µM SA applications. The current study outcomes suggested that the exogenously applied SA modulates the response of plants grown under B toxic conditions, and hence could be used as a plant growth regulator to stimulate plant growth and enhance mineral nutrient uptake under B-stressed conditions.


Proton decay occurs through the emission of a proton from the nucleus, resulting in a decrease in the atomic number of the parent nucleus of a unit. This decay occurs mainly in proton-rich nuclei. The proton emission mechanism is based on the quantum tunneling phenomenon and is expressed in the nuclei by Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin or WKB approximations. The potential considered here includes the Coulomb potential for deformed nuclei, the centrifugal potential, and the nuclear potential. The nuclear potential was approximated by the proximity potential. The probability of the penetration from the potential barrier and the WKB approximation was obtained based on the half-lives of the proton decay. The effect of temperature on the surface tension of the hot nucleus was studied and a proportional relationship was considered by comparing it with the surface tension of liquids. By applying changes in the proximity potential, the logarithm of the proton-decay and temperature-dependent decay logarithms were calculated indicating better agreement with the experimental data. Then, in order to obtain the better comparison, the root of the mean square deviation was calculated indicating a good agreement between the laboratory and computational data in both cases.


Gestational diabetes (GD) is an impairment of glucose metabolism during pregnancy, an increment of blood glucose in the intrauterine milieu results in abnormal fetal development and increased risk of developing metabolic disorders as diabetes mellitus 2, neurodegenerative diseases and behavior abnormalities in the offspring. In addition, increased oxidative stress in specific brain regions at early ages has been reported in the offspring of experimental models of GD. However, the consequences in the F2 offspring behavior and oxidative stress in cerebral cortex remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gestational diabetes in the spatial working memory and oxidative stress of adult male and female F2 GD offspring. Twelve Wistar female rats were placed mate with a control male. Gestation pregnant rats (day 10) were divided randomly in two groups: Gestation control rats (GC) and gestational diabetic rats (GD). GD rats were injected with a single intraperitoneal injection of a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ), only rats exhibiting blood glucose levels 140–300 mg/dL were considered for the study. Four months female rats (F1) were mated with control male rats to obtain F2 offspring. Six‐months old rats (adult) male and female F2 offspring from GC and GD were employed in this work. We evaluated anxiety in the elevated plus maze and open field and spatial working memory in the eight‐arm radial maze. Oxidative stress biomarkers (reactive oxygen species, lipid‐peroxidation, glutathione status) were evaluated in cerebral cortex. We found an impairment in lipid metabolism and a deficiency in spatial working memory of F2 female GD offspring. On the other hand, we did not find changes in oxidative stress biomarkers. In conclusion, these results suggest a transgenerational effect of gestational diabetes in lipid metabolism and cognitive behavior without the involvement of oxidative stress.


This study was to investigated that know present weight about to an opinion, eating habit, physical activity habit and health habit from 170 girl's college students living in Taegu area. The finding revealed that divided the girl's college Students(CON;n=100) and the girl's college Dancers(Dancers;n=70). The result of this survey are summarized as follows; 1) The finding revealed that average BMI were CON 19.51±.21㎏/㎡, Dancers 18.96±.16㎏/㎡. 2) 41.11% of subjects in hope that low weight than present weight. 3) There were significant decreased body weight last 2 years CON than Dancers. 4) During a meal eating highly worry to the CON group than Dancers group, 5) There were no significant difference two groups in the number of meals a day and the number of eating between meals a day. 6) Each other groups were high level the regular exercise 3days/wk. 7) There were significant two groups in the health state. 8) There were significant two groups in the stress solve method. 9) There were significant two groups in the menstruation.


States are often minimally present in the rural periphery. Yet a limited presence does not mean a limited impact. Isolated state actions in regions where the state is otherwise scarce can have outsize, long-lasting effects on society. The Scarce State reframes our understanding of the political economy of hinterlands through a multi-method study of Northern Ghana alongside shadow cases from other world regions. Drawing on a historical natural experiment, the book shows how the contemporary economic and political elite emerged in Ghana's hinterland, linking interventions by an ostensibly weak state to new socio-economic inequality and grassroots efforts to reimagine traditional institutions. The book demonstrates how these state-generated societal changes reshaped access to political power, producing dynastic politics, clientelism, and violence. The Scarce State challenges common claims about state-building and state weakness, provides new evidence on the historical origins of inequality, and reconsiders the mechanisms linking historical institutions to contemporary politics.


FIELD: oil producing industry. SUBSTANCE: installed preliminary in well is permeable cement plug closing producing formations. Then, inflow of formation fluid is induced by reducing hydrostatic pressure exerted on producing formations, and well is tested under needed conditions. EFFECT: cut down costs and reduced terms of well testing due to prevention of tubing clogging.


The technique of sand columns to improve the mechanical properties of soft soil is well established. However, the use of sand columns is usually associated with excessive deformation due to lack of lateral support from the surrounding soil. The Sand columns are useful to improve the load carrying capacity of soft soil. It is difficult to install sand columns in soft soil due to bulging of sand columns after loading. So, the encased sand column with geosynthetic is found more convenient than ordinary sand columns during installation in soil bed. Geo-synthetics encased sand columns can be applied to increase in load carrying capacity & to reduce the settlement. This paper presents the effect of encasement on sand columns of different diameters with different types of geosynthetic materials installed in clay bed in a typical square pattern. The geosynthetic material reinforcing all-round the sand columns having more initial tensile modulus was found more superior. The performance of reinforced sand columns of smaller diameters was superior to that of larger diameter sand columns because of mobilization of higher confining stresses in smaller diameter of sand columns. The behavior of geosynthetic encased sand columns during group loading test was encountered.


Hefei Light Source (HLS) has been operated for more than twenty-five years. From 2010 to 2014, the upgrading project of HLS has been carried out and the new machine is called HLS-II. The main improvement include: the emittance is reduced to 40 nm·rad, 3 new insertion devices (2 IVU and 1 EPU undulators) are added and the injection energy increases to 800 MeV. The typical life time is 300 mins at 300mA, 800 MeV. The average pressure of static and dynamic vacuum are below 2×10 Pa and 1.2×10 Pa respectively. The design, installing and commissioning of the vacuum system of the storage ring are detailed stated in in this paper.


Context: Preventive medicine physicians work at the intersection of clinical medicine and public health. A previous report on the state of the preventive medicine workforce in 2000 revealed an ongoing decline in preventive medicine physicians and residents, but there have been few updates since. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe trends in both the number of board-certified preventive medicine physicians and those physicians who self-designate preventive medicine as a primary or secondary specialty and examine the age, gender distribution, and geographic distribution of this workforce. Design: Analysis of the supply of preventive medicine physicians using data derived from board certification files of the American Board of Preventive Medicine and self-designation data from the American Medical Association Masterfile. Setting: The 50 US states and District of Columbia. Participants: Board-certified and self-designated preventive medicine physicians in the United States. Main Outcome Measures: Number, demographics, and location of preventive medicine physicians in United States. Results: From 1999 to 2018, the total number of physicians board certified in preventive medicine increased from 6091 to 9270; the number of self-identified preventive medicine physicians has generally decreased since 2000, with a leveling off in the past 4 years matching the trend of preventive medicine physicians per 100 000 population; there is a recent increase in women in the specialty; the practice locations of preventive medicine physicians do not match the US population in rural or micropolitan areas; and the average age of preventive medicine physicians is increasing. Conclusions: The number of preventive medicine physicians is not likely to match population needs in the United States in the near term and beyond. Assessing the preventive medicine physician workforce in the United States is complicated by difficulties in defining the specialty and because less than half of self-designated preventive medicine physicians hold a board certification in the specialty.


[1] The coefficient b of the relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) technique was investigated by simulation studies using extensive high-resolution eddy correlation data sets of three different scalar quantities: the air temperature and the concentrations of CO2 and H2O. Measurements were performed in June–July 1995 over a senescent cereal field in the Rhineland-Palatinate region of southwestern Germany. The wide range of stability conditions during the experiment made it possible to describe the coefficient b as a function of the dimensionless stability parameter z/L within the framework of the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. In good agreement with previous publications, a constant value of about 0.56 was obtained for unstable and near-neutral conditions if no dead band applied. For stable conditions, however, a significant increase with stability was observed which could be well described by a logarithmic functional relationship between b and z/L. By additional dead-band simulation studies the relationship was extended to variable dead-band widths. The observed dependency on z/L is interpreted in relation to the bivariate joint frequency distribution of the vertical wind speed and the scalar quantity.


Abstract Coastally trapped wind reversals (CTWRs) occur periodically in the marine boundary layer off the western coast of the United States and dramatically change the low-level wind regime and coastal weather. Southerly flow becomes established with the passage of a CTWR along with cooler temperatures and a low stratus deck in a narrow band along the coast. CTWRs can propagate northward along the coast for hundreds of kilometers. A strong CTWR commenced in southern California on 22 June 2006 and moved north along the California coastline before stalling at Cape Mendocino on 24 June 2006. A transcritical Froude number differentiates the CTWR layer from the climatologically favored northern wind regime to the north of Cape Mendocino and indicates a barrier to the movement of a density current. A well-defined cloud boundary is present as detected by radar and satellite imagery and sharp gradients exist in the basic-state parameters as measured by instrumented aircraft. As the Pacific high migrates back off...


This document describes a strategy for defining specific objectives for biomarker studies and for designing and implementing a biomonitoring study that focuses on these objectives. In researching this subject, it became clear to the authors that the subject of biomarkers created a great deal of interest among scientists and regulators but that general acceptance of biomarkers as a tool for environmental protection was hampered by lack of a clear notion of how to develop and apply this approach. We intend this document to be a ``user`s guide`` that lays out a logical scheme for applying biomarkers in environmental monitoring. In addition, laboratory and field research components needed to develop and validate fundamental understanding and interpretation of biomarker responses are also described, as is a strategy for evolution of a biomarker-based biomonitoring capability. The document is divided into sections intended to lead the reader to an understanding of how biomarkers can be developed and applied.


The present ethnographic study explores the implications of anger in cancer patients in the cultural context of Korea from the perspective of cancer patients, and conducts a cross-cultural investigation to propose a theoretical model that can explain their anger, to develop effective nursing interventions and ultimately to improve cancer patients" quality of life. The informants in this study are 9 cancer patients on chemotherapy (6 females and 3 males) who were born and have lived in Korea sharing the Korean culture. Data were collected from January to September, 2008 until the data were saturated. Participant observation and in-depth interviews were used to collect data, which were in turn analyzed with Spradley"s taxonomic analysis [6]. Taken together, the main cultural themes proved here are the 「 insurmountable fate」 ,「 uncontrolled psychological conflicts」, 「treatment processes to be endured」,「unpredictable future」, and 「 uncontrolled self-pity」. The theoretical model of cancer patients" anger proved the archetype of a thinking cycle in the course of the disease where patients struggle to overcome and break from the cultural themes only to feel outraged about the insurmountable fate and undeniable reality that cannot be addressed even with face saving. In short, a socio-cultural sentiment should be encouraged so that cancer patients can break from the insurmountable fate, accept the course of the disease and receive treatment in a positive manner while expressing the anger effectively in Korean culture where cancer patients" anger tends to ebb away inwards and turn into "resentment". Also, it is urgent to develop self-help groups where cancer patients can cope with the anger in proper ways.


Three feeding trials were conducted to investigate the optimal feeding rates of subadult Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli at low, optimal and high water temperatures. In Exp-I, triplicate groups of fish (248 g) were fed a commer-cial diet (CD) with five different feeding rates of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% body weight per day for 10 weeks at the low temperature (11.6-15.2℃). In Exp-II, fish (129 g) were fed the same CD with five different feeding rates of 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0% body weight per day for 10 weeks at the optimal temperature (16.0-18.8℃). In Exp-III, fish (85.7 g) were fed the same CD with five different feeding rates of 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0% body weight per day for 12 weeks at the high temperature (21.0-28.5℃). The optimal feeding rates in the low, opti-mal, and high water temperatures were estimated to be 0.56%, 0.93% and 1.17% body weight per day, respectively, for subadult Korean rockfish.


Semiconductor diode lasers have been the preferred recording source for virtually every optical data storage system since their first reported use nearly a decade ago.1,2,3 Highly reliable, low-power devices are in wide use in consumer CD players while higher-power versions are used in write-once-read-many-times systems. With the emergence of Magneto-Optic media, higher demands are being placed on the power requirements for these devices due to the addition of the media erase cycle. In addition, there has always been a desire and, in many systems, a pressing need to improve the performance of the semiconductor diode laser in such areas as wavelength; mode stability and coherence (both spatial and temporal); beam divergence; power efficiency; and multiple sources on a single monolithic chip.4 The techniques and structures used to achieve diode laser performance improvements in these areas will be reviewed and discussed. In particular, a new class of grating surface emitter lasers5 allows one- and two-dimensional array geometries,6 with inherent stable, single-frequency operation imparted by the grating. These devices offer the advantages of narrow beam divergence, as well as the possibility of electronic steering of the beam. These properties may lead to new classes of high-performance, compact recording systems.


The entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps militaris, is considered to be an important factor in suppressing population explosions of the beech caterpillar, Quadricalcarifera punctatella. The number of fruit bodies produced by the fungus was counted in a natural beech forest and parasitism was evaluated by burying lab‐reared pupae of the insect in the soil. Seasonal changes in infection rate in the ground and the corresponding number of fruit bodies were compared. The emergence curve of fruit body production exhibited an L‐shape with a peak in late July. The fruit body of C. militaris lasts for about two weeks and appears from late July to early September. The rate of infection was found to change seasonally: it was highest in early August when the number of fruit bodies was at a peak, then decreased gradually until the following summer. From an epizootiological viewpoint, the results suggested that the fruit body plays a role in enhancing the infection rate of the fungus.


This article seeks to analyze the multiple landscapes that have been produced and transformed along the Guadalajara de Buga River (as an agent that crosses the city that bears the same name from east to west), and the way in which these water landscapes with their various agents (human and non-human), forms of power, relationships, practices and particular meanings that could be recognized beyond the distinction between nature-society, rural-urban, and translate into action strategies that contribute to water sustainability and the analysis of water governance processes for planning and implementation of environmental policies.


Authors give the analysis of activity of the school organization by name Ismoili Somoni which functions in Tajik Republic since 1999 according to the decision of the Ministry of Education, and also additional education Center, their role in labour education of schoolchildren, formation socially valuable motives of labour activity of pupils in comprehensive schools.


Introduction: Recent progress has been made to gut microbiota, regenerative nutrition and skeletal muscle metabolism. In this context, regular physical training associated with nutrological health has broad benefits for the health of the intestinal microbiota. The triad physical exercise, nutrition and intestinal microbiota for the process of muscle regeneration, adult stem cells stand out as gut stem cells. Objective: the present study aimed to carry out a systematic review on the main cellular and molecular aspects of regenerative nutrition in the modulation of the intestinal microbiota and the metabolism of skeletal muscle. Methods: The rules of the Systematic Review-PRISMA Platform. The research was carried out from June 2021 to January 2022 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 215 studies were analyzed, with only 32 medium and high-quality studies selected, according to the rules of the GRADE, and with bias risks that do not compromise scientific development, based on the Cochrane instrument. A current focus in the field of sport and metabolism is the investigation of how specific metabolites and nutrients affect the progression and treatment of muscle injuries. Nutrients can also regulate normal homeostatic processes, altering the decisions of muscle stem cells and satellites. Thus, the implications for understanding how diet influences cellular transitions are immense and will guide precision-based nutrition to improve overall health and therapeutic strategies for muscle injuries. Thus, metabolic pathways and chromatin modifications are closely linked, and hence many changes in metabolism influence epigenetic changes and alter gene expression. For example, signaling pathways including mTORC, AMPK, MAPK, and others are all sensitive to changes in nutrient levels.


The entire globe has, in varying measures, experienced the good and the bad impact of China's growth story this past decade. China is hastening to project itself such that, it be viewed as the 'global growth engine'. Whether duly or unduly, like secretly many a country would want to, China is rushing all out to replace USA from the foray and become the sole unparalleled global leader. The Chinese have already compromised with Russia, by signing a long-term contract for oil supply. China's economic numbers and the trend displayed so far, reasonably indicates its hunger for growth. China is ambitious to grow vertically on the economic scale and horizontally on the geographic scale. This is what is likely to spell disaster for the world, especially for the democratic countries.


In the field of medicines for antibiotic therapy, the global market focus is transferring from cephalosporin to fluoroquinolones. The prospect of China fluoroquinolones market is not only dependent on the global competition, but also on the opportunity of expiration of patented blockbuster drugs and the trends of renewal of analogous products. Fluoroquinolones enterprises in China need to revise product lines reasonably based on product strategy and analyzing the competition trends so as to win more superiority in competition.


This study characterizes the thermal protective fabrics of firefighters' clothing under the exposure of hot surface contact. For this, thermal protective performance of different fabrics was evaluated using a laboratory-simulated hot surface contact test, and various factors affecting the performance were statistically identified. Additionally, heat transfer mechanisms during testing were analytically and mathematically modeled. It has been found that fabric's constructional features and properties are the key factors to affect its thermal protective performance. In this study, the presence of a thicker thermal liner in a layered fabric system resulted in higher performance; in contrast, a multi-layered fabric system incorporating a moisture barrier in its outer layer displayed the lowest performance. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a fabric's air permeability has a minimal impact on performance, whereas weight, thickness, and thermal resistance have a significant positive impact on performance. Based on the analytical and mathematical models developed, it was apparent that conductive heat transfer mainly occurs through fabric during testing, and this conductive heat transfer depends upon the surface roughness and thermal properties (thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat) of the tested fabric. Here, thermal contact resistance between the hot surface and fabric also plays a crucial role in the heat transfer or thermal protective performance of fabric. Moreover, the heat transfer gradually decreases across fabric thickness, which can substantially affect thermal protective performance. This study can advance the theory of textile/materials science through better understanding of heat transfer in fabrics. This understanding can help in developing an integrated knowledge of fabric properties, heat transfer through fabrics, and thermal protective performance of fabrics. The findings from this study can also assist textile/material engineers with the development of a high performance thermal protective fabric for clothing to provide better occupational safety and health for firefighters.


During inflammation, the circulating neutrophil adheres to the altered venular endothelium (Marchesi, 1964; Cotran, 1965), and emigrates between the endothelial cells into the tissue towards its prey. Both phenomena were first observed by Dutrochet in 1824 in the small blood vessels of the tail of the frog tadpole. Accurate observations on the margination and emigration of leucocytes in inflammation were made between 1833 and 1850 by Wagner, Waller, Addison and Wharton–Jones, and later by Cohnheim and Adami. The history of the early work is reviewed by Grant (1965). The amoeboid locomotion of leucocytes was studied by Metchnikoff at the end of the 19th century. He introduced the term phagocytosis and was the first to recognize it as a defence reaction (1893), his contemporaries including Klebs, Koch, Waldeyer and Virchow having regarded leucocytes as a source of dissemination of the bacteria they had observed within them.


This paper examines the errors committed by human operators of large networks and systems. It proposes a formal procedure in which system defense mechanisms are used to improve the coordination between human operators and computer agents. Further, it discusses and compares the effectiveness of different types of system defense mechanisms by performing experiments with Web-based GUI screens. In the process, the paper offers definitions of human errors and proposes methods to quantify such errors. Our experimental results have shown that more layers of system defense can play a pivotal role in minimizing commonly encountered human errors.


The technique of strengthening RC beams with Carbon Fiber Laminate(CFL) has been widely applied in bridge repairing engineering.One of the key problems of this technique,such as flexural rigidity of the RC beams strengthened with CFL,must be discussed.In this paper,referring to ACI,ISIS and GB 50010,the law of development and calculation methods of flexural rigidity of the member is discussed based on both static loading tests and cyclic loading tests.The main results show that:(1)CFL can improve the plastic deformation of RC beams.Carrying capacity as well as deflection of RC beams strengthened with CFL increases obviously,and flexural rigidity reduces.(2)Under cycle bending loads the flexural rigidity which can be calculated using the formula got through static loading tests,reduces steadily with cyclic loading times at the stages of fatigue damage steadily expanding.(3)The flexural rigidity of RC beams strengthened with CFL is predicted well by using the experiential formula proposed in this paper.


Objective
Mainstream American perception often views Islamic headcovering as a controversial practice indicative of gender repression and norms violating individual rights. Practicing Muslims counter that headcovering expresses piety, modesty, and protection. Recent scholarship affirms the complexity of the practice, and reveals that the motivations behind donning the headscarf span the religious, social, and political realms for Muslim women.

Methods
We explore the motivations for the practice among American Muslims, examining the way religious, social, and political life interact and reinforce one another, using data from an online survey of 1,847 Muslim-American women from 49 states.

Results
Our findings demonstrate that religiosity is not a monolithic factor, and religious practices interact with and enforce headcovering in complex ways. We illustrate that conventionally understood indicators of Islamic religiosity align along three dimensions: religious lifestyle, religious abstinence, and religious socialization. Elements of a religious lifestyle, such as praying and attending mosque as well as fostering connections with Islamic social networks, are more strongly associated with covering than practices related to abstinence or socialization.

Conclusions
Ultimately, our research demonstrates a more nuanced understanding of how different aspects of Muslim religiosity condition covering among Muslim-American women.


Pilgrimages arranged by the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Sweden are a relatively new, but growing phenomenon. Th is study examines Swedish pilgrims' background, motivations, and experiences. Most pilgrims are highly educated, middle-aged persons with a strong relation to the church. However, a group of religiously interested persons with weaker bonds with the church was also identifi ed. Th e pilgrims uphold a multitude of motivations both on an individual as well as on a group level. The most common motivation is a longing for nature, but three different motivation groups were identified: a leisure group, a spiritual–religious group, and an escape group. Depending on their motivations, the pilgrims appreciate diverse parts of the pilgrimage. One exception is the silent walk, which gets the highest score by almost everyone. The author discusses if the highly valued silence in group might reflect the power of strong selfexpression values among Swedes found in other studies. (Less)


T his paper addresses the question of how to go about constructing knowledge bases for natural language processing systems from the methodological point of view, We report on research in progress in the MECKA project, where we work towards the definition of a linguistically anchored and sound strategy to drive the knowledge acquisition and elicitation process. We present the results obtained so far in the area of knowledge elicitation and discuss the directions we intend to pursue with respect to integration of statistical methods and reuse of existing linguistic resources in order to increase the cost� efficiency and improve the quality of NLP knowledge-base construction.


Introduction: Implant osseointegration in regenerated bone and the resorptive outcome of graft materials are major clinical concerns.Case Presentation: A 40-year-old female patient underwent an indirect maxillary sinus augmentation with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) in conjunction with implant placement. Because of implant fracture, the implant and adjacent tissues were excised with a trephine bur 19 months after placement. The biopsy with the implant in place was analyzed by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. Marginal bone loss of the implant was evident, particularly on the fractured side. The graft particles were predominantly integrated in bone. Resorption lacunae were observed in the marginal bone area, but were not observed on the surface of the graft particles. Graft particles without contact to bone were observed coronal to the most coronal level of bone-to-implant contact, presumably exfoliated after marginal bone resorption. Of the total peri-implant volume, 20.5% was residual...


China now being in a critical period of modernization construction,it is of great significance for the central party committee with HU Jin-tao as the general secretary urges the whole people to set up and carry out the scientific concept of development.This is a scientific summary of Chinese reform and modernization construction,also an important solution to the main problems existing in the current economic development.In addition,this is the basic requirement of the construction of an overall weal-off society and also an enrichment and improvement of MAO Ze-dong thought,DENG Xiao-ping theory and the theory of"Three Represents".


13a and Bu3SnH 13b or acyl radicals obtained by H abstraction from aldehydes 14 add to double bonds, no applications in radical polymerizations were ever reported. Moreover, aldehydes are typically used as chain transfer agents. 15 Conversely, the Ce 16


Subgraph matching is one of the most important problems in graph analytics. Many algorithms and systems have been proposed for subgraph matching. Most of these works follow Ullmann's backtracking approach as it is memory-efficient in handling an explosive number of intermediate matching results. However, they have largely overlooked an intrinsic problem of backtracking, namely repeated computation, which contributes to a large portion of the heavy computation in subgraph matching. This paper proposes a subgraph matching system, Circinus, which enables effective computation sharing by a new compression-based backtracking method. Our extensive experiments show that Circinus significantly reduces repeated computation, which transfers to up to several orders of magnitude performance improvement.


Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is a tool for an integrated assessment of multifaceted impacts of a proposed project. ESIA can identify areas of potential conflicts and prevent conflicts from occurring early through appropriate mitigation measures. This notwithstanding, conflicts and public opposition arising from implementation of proposed projects which have been subjected to ESIA have been observed in various sectors in different countries and jurisdictions. Kenya is one of the African countries endowed with substantial renewable energy resources including geothermal, wind and solar energy resources. The country is now scaling up the development and utilization of these resources to meet growing energy demand. However, implementation of environmental procedures mainstreamed in the development of renewable energy resources, if inappropriately applied, has the potential to slow down development and exploitation trajectory of these resources. While all proposed renewable energy projects are subjected to the ESIA process, in some instances challenges have emerged at implementation resulting in conflicts that could be avoided. There is a clear need to understand, empirically, which of the ESIA procedural steps is critical in underpinning conflict identification for appropriate application. To determine how each of the ESIA procedural steps is likely to influence conflict identification, a statistical analysis was carried out for ESIA procedures based on questionnaire survey responses from sampled ESIA practitioners in Kenya. This article presents findings on the effect of ESIA procedural steps in conflict identification using cumulative odds ordinal logistic regression with proportional odds. Results show that the overall effect (on the dependent variable conflict identification) of the variables, public participation and monitoring is statically significant, χ2(2) = 9.12, p = 0.01 and χ2(2) = 6.29, p = 0.04, respectively. Further, the exponential of the log odds of the slope coefficients indicate that the independent variables public participation, decision making, project implementation and monitoring are statistically significant [χ2(1) = 9.12, p = 0.00; χ2(1) = 4.04, p = 0.04; χ2(1) = 3.64, p = 0.05 and χ2(1) = 3.31, p = 0.00, respectively]. That is to say these independent variables have a statistically significant effect on the dependent variable conflict identification.


The Berlin West Africa Conference of 1884-1885 has assumed a powerful symbolic presence in international legal accounts of the 19th century, but for historians of the era its importance has often been doubted. This article seeks to re-interpret the place of the Berlin General Act in late 19th-century history, suggesting that the divergence of views has arisen largely as a consequence of an inattentiveness to the place of systemic logics in legal regimes of this kind.


Gold(III) porphyrin 1 is shown to undergo reduction at the central metal ion to give the first known gold(II) porphyrin overturning the long held assumption that reduction of such complexes only occurs at the macrocycle.


The Fe-Si binary system provides several iron silicides that have varied and exceptional material properties with applications in the electronic industry. The well known Fe-Si binary silicides are Fe3Si, Fe5Si3, FeSi, α-FeSi2 and β-FeSi2. While the iron-rich silicides Fe3Si and Fe5Si3 are known to be room temperature ferromagnets, the stoichiometric FeSi is the only known transition metal Kondo insulator. Furthermore, Fe5Si3 has also been demonstrated to exhibit giant magnetoresistance (GMR). The silicon-rich β-FeSi2 is a direct band gap material usable in light emitting diode (LED) applications. Typically, these silicides are synthesized by traditional solid-state reactions or by ion beam-induced mixing (IBM) of alternating metal and silicon layers. Alternatively, the utilization of organometallic compounds with reactive transition metal (Fe)-carbon bonds has opened various routes for the preparation of these silicides and the silicon-stabilized bcc- and fcc-Fe phases contained in the Fe-Si binary phase diagram. The unique interfacial interactions of carbon with the Fe and Si components have resulted in the preferential formation of nanoscale versions of these materials. This review will discuss such reactions.


Abstract The plasma post-heparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) and post-heparin monoglyceridase activity (PHMA) were determined in patients with Graves's disease and treated toxic nodular goiter. Both enzymes were markedly reduced in patients with active Graves's disease. Fasting serum triglycerides were normal or slightly below normal despite low post-heparin lipases. In these patients, restudied after propranolol therapy or within six months of euthyroid control with 131l, propylthiouracil or methimazole, PHLA and PHMA remained below normal. A separate group of patients with treated Graves's disease, who were euthyroid for as long as six years, also had low post-heparin lipases. Enzyme activity did not correlate with the presence of the long acting thyroid stimulator. In contrast, patients with treated toxic nodular goiter had normal PHLA and PHMA. Control subjects made hypermetabolic with tri-iodothyronine or thyroxine had normal post-heparin enzyme activities. Persistently low PHLA and PHMA may be a marke...


For an airport operator, asphalt concrete pavement prone to rutting and shoving under traffic is a very real problem. These conditions make snow removal difficult, permit water build-up on the pavement, results in a rough traveled way, and sometimes an impassable pavement. Early solutions to this problem at the three airports operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey involved the use of very hard modified asphalts, which reduced rutting, but which aged relatively fast. These pavements required more frequent overlays and significantly higher maintenance costs than pavement using conventional asphalt cement. A long-life asphalt concrete pavement mix that is not prone to deformation is the goal of recent research.


Jean-Baptiste Auguste Chauveau (Fig. 1) made major contributions to cardiac physiology and helped invent the technique of cardiac catheterization. Chauveau was born on November 21, 1827, in the French village of Villeneuve-laGuyod.1, 2 His father was a blacksmith, which may have stimulated Auguste's interest in veterinary medicine. In 1844 young Chauveau enrolled in the Imperial Veterinary School of Alfort, a prominent school of veterinary medicine near Paris. A bright and ambitious student, he graduated first in his class 4 years later. Following graduation, Chauveau was appointed Chef des Travaux in anatomy and physiology at the Imperial Veterinary School in Lyon. He published an important textbook of the comparative anatomy of domestic animals in 1857.3 This popular monograph was translated into several languages, including Italian and English, and was still in print 50 years later. In 1855, Chauveau began a series of experiments on the dynamics of cardiac motion and the mechanism of the heart sounds. Laennec's invention of the stethoscope, publicized in his classic 1819 monograph on auscultation, stimulated interest in the heart sounds in health and disease. Victor McKusick and Kenneth Keele have detailed the introduction of auscultation and the attempts of physicians such as Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud, James Hope, and Charles Williams to elucidate the origin of heart sounds and murmurs through careful observation and experimentation.4, 5 Chauveau found the debate over the motion of the heart and its sounds intellectually challenging, and this became the focus of his research for several years. Chauveau was stimulated to study cardiac motion and the heartbeat, in large part, as a result of hearing presentations and reading publications by Joseph-Honoré-Simon Beau, a French physician who had been interested in the these subjects since the 1830s. Based partly on observing the heart's motion in frogs, Beau concluded that diastole was the active portion of the cardiac cycle and accounted for the apical impulse. The relationship between the heart sounds and the apex beat had been the subject of debate for decades, and Chauveau, working with Etienne-Jules Marey, invented a new way to study the problem, using intracardiac catheters.6, 7 During a visit to Claude Bernard's laboratory in 1859, Chauveau met Dutch physiologist Frans Donders, who encouraged him to make recordings of the cardiac events to refute Beau's theory.8 Donders was familiar with Marey's medical thesis on the physiology of the circulation, just published in Paris. This thesis included pulse tracings that Marey had recorded with a sphygmograph he had adapted for the purpose. Later that year, Chauveau met with Marey to discuss his interest in collaborating to clarify the physiology of the cardiac cycle and its relationship to the heart sounds. This merger of talents and interests was rewarded by their successful resolution of the controversy about the timing of cardiac events and their eventual recognition as pioneers of cardiac catheterization. Working as an anatomist in a veterinary school, Chauveau had access to large animals for his innovative experiments on the heart's motion and sounds. Reflecting his sophistication in comparative anatomy and physiology, he argued that it was better to experiment on large mammals such as horses because, unlike the frog, the horse's cardiovascular system was very similar to that of humans. Chauveau also explained that the horse's heart beats slowly (about one-half as fast as a human's), which made it easier to make observations. Finally, the horse's cardiac chambers were large, which made it possible for Chauveau to introduce his finger into the heart so he could actually feel the motion of the atrioventricular valves as they opened and closed and to insert catheters to measure intracardiac pressures.9 Clin. Cardiol. 26, 351–353 (2003)


Sports are becoming increasingly sophisticated, technical and gaining popularity as separate profession with the expansion of educational facilities in the country. More and more young people are taking part in sports as a daily feature of their life. The participation in Sports and Physical Education activities promote good health, high degree of physical fitness and increase an individual's productivity besides promoting social harmony and discipline.


The Double Pause of Now Out of the national frying pan, into the global fire. It is already impossible to consider the topic of the future of the United Kingdom after Brexit without taking into account the way in which the Brexit crisis has immediately been overtaken by a worldwide medical catastrophe. The ironies of fate at work here are of course immense, but they are also multiple. In effect Britain's exit from the European Union in practical, not formal, terms has been indefinitely suspended. Meanwhile, the primary task of coping with COVID-19 within Continental Europe falls to national governments;…


Geopolymers are an alternative to Portland cement, well known for their contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Finding materials that can validly replace Portland cement is a challenge. It is in this logic that this work was undertaken with the objective of characterizing two local clay resources of Togo as raw materials for geopolymers. The physico-chemical properties of these clays were determined by characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TGA) and elemental analysis (ICP-OES). The results show that these clays contain kaolinite and therefore can be used in the formulation of geopolymers. The cha-racterized clays underwent heat treatments transforming the crystalline phases into more reactive amorphous phases and then were activated by an alkaline solution in order to formulate the geopolymer materials. These ela-borated materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared to identify the types of bonds formed. The results of these analyses show that these two local clays are well suited to be used in synthesizing geopolymers. Our future work will focus on the constraints of consolidation as well as the mechanical properties of these geopolymer materials.


REIS, L. F. Asymmetric Lomax models: a new approach to imbalanced binary data classification. 2023. 80 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Estatística – Programa Interinstitucional de Pós-Graduação em Estatística) – Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos – SP, 2023. Imbalanced data refers to a dataset where one class has significantly fewer observations than the other class. This can lead to poor performance of both machine learning algorithms and statistical models, since most of these tools assume that the data has the same proportion of observations in both categories. To deal with this challenge, several authors suggest the use of asymmetric link functions in binary regression, instead of the well-known symmetric link functions: logit and probit. Thus, it is possible not only to improve the predictive performance of the model, but also to reduce the bias in the estimation of parameters and probabilities. Therefore, this work aims to present new asymmetric link functions generated from the transformations of the Lomax distribution. The proposed functions have proven asymmetry and can be easily implemented in statistical softwares. In addition, the simulation study indicates that these functions can perform better than logistic regression in various imbalanced classification scenarios. They also proved to be promising in modeling real-world datasets, as in this work we obtained better results than classic link functions in two applications.


Approximate analytic expressions are obtained for a single folding potential which are used to describe elastic /sup 6/Li ion scattering by different nuclei at the energy 90 MeV and also /sup 6/Li ion scattering by the /sup 12/C nucleus in the energy range 4.5--156 MeV. The calculations show that on the basis of this approximation one can satisfactorily describe elastic /sup 6/Li ion scattering in a broad energy range without introducing an energy dependence of the parameters and that apparently the potential obtained satisfactorily describes the surface nucleus-nucleus interaction.


Background and Objectives: Heart failure is a major potential complication in transmyocardial revascularization (TMR). The objective of this study was to assess the effect of TMR on myocardial function. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Two experiments were performed in normal rat myocardium, one using myocardial muscle strips, the other using a whole heart preparation. TMR was performed using Ho:Yag laser (2100 nm, 3 Hz, 280 mJ/pulse) via 0.6 mm core optical fiber. Myocardial muscle strips (n=14) were paced with 1 Hz/80 mV pulse current at a rate of 60 beats/min. A whole heart Langendorff set up (n=37) was used to perfuse the myocardium via a cannula in the aorta. Also, heat shock proteins (hsp) were measured by Western Blotting and ATP measured by a standard enzymatic method (n=10). Results: Using the myocardial strip preparation, Frank-Starling curves demonstrated a decrease in contractility compared to baseline by 42% after 20 TMR channels (0.55 0.26 vs. 0.32 0.12 g/cm; p<0.05). In the whole heart preparation, myocardial contractility decreased by 21% after 20 TMR channels (5.8 0.9 vs. 4.6 1.5 g/heart; p<0.05). After 50 TMR channels/heart, hsp70 decreased by 78% and ATP increased by 32%. Conclusions: Lasing 20 channels/heart caused a significant decrease in contractility in normal rat myocardium while ATP levels increased. [The Journal Of American Science. 2007;3(4):72-80]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).


Objective
To explore the experience of Whipple's surgery in the treatment of periampullary neoplasms in children.

Methods
Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for 4 children undergoing Whipple's surgery from January 2016 to December 2017. Systematic analysis and reviews of pediatric Whipple's surgery were performed for the Chinese and English literature retrieved from the databases of Pubmed, Medline, Springer Link, CNKI and Wanfang.

Results
There were 2 boys and 2 girls with an average age of 7(4-12) years. The average operative duration was 402 (345-455) min, the intraoperative blood loss 100-700 ml and the mean bleeding volume was 262.5 ml; The neoplastic histology were solid pancreatic pseudopapillary tumor, pancreatoblastoma, bile duct grapevine embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and B-cell lymphoblastoma respectively. All cases had excellent outcomes without complications during follow-ups. Forty-nine children with complete data were reported in 14 English articles and 2 Chinese articles were retrieved.

Conclusions
Whipple's surgery plus chemotherapy are efficacious for periampullary neoplasms in children. Surgical indications should be strictly mastered. Intraoperative exploration and freeze biopsy are helpful for selecting surgical approaches.

Key words:
Pancreatoduodenectomy; Tumor; Complication


A new image fusion algorithm based on the visible and thermal images for face recognition is presented in this paper. The new fusion algorithm derives the benefit from both the modalities images. T...


SUMMARY 'The Franco-German Institute: an example of cooperation in higher education focusing on technical disciplines'. In 1978 the Franco-German Institute of Higher Education for Technology and Business (DFHI) was founded, with the aim of strengthening higher education on both sides of the frontier. Being integrated into the existing educational systems, it offers the first common course of study within German and French higher education. It should be noted that the DFHI is unique insofar as it trains binational engineers who are fluent in French. The DFHI is run jointly by the Fachhochschule des Saarlandes and the Universities of Metz and Nancy I; it is binational both in its administrative and its academic structures. Graduates are qualified, from a language and a technical point of view, to work in Germany as well as in France, thus meeting the growing demand for experts in trans-frontier cooperation. At present, the DFHI offers courses in the fields of Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mecha...


I've been reading an online book called Ready, Set, Science! Putting Research to Work in K‐8 Science Classrooms (www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11882) and have found the discussion very enlightening. I think that any beginning science teacher might want to look at this book for guidance in designing lessons and managing student discussions to help students become more thoughtful, productive, and independent learners. While the book gives examples of K‐8 classrooms, the examples of classroom discourse could serve as a road map for teachers at any level who want to make their classrooms more student centered and a place where all learners are actively engaged.


Under laboratory conditions, D. acutus females of the spring generation produced both non-diapausing and diapausing individuals, the summer brood produced only diapausing larvae. Few adults were recovered in the field during July or early August, and more between mid-August to September.

Males emerged 2-3 days earlier than females. A female maled only once and oviposited from day 40-67. A female produced 35 offspring in a sex ratio of ca. 1:1. The net reproductive rate of the species ( Ro ) was 17.11, its intrinsic rate ( rm ) was 0.3118, and the mean length of the non-diapausing generation was 9.1 wk.

Females preferred mature bruchid-infested vetch pods and 4th instars. The egg was deposited within the cavity of the seed on the surface of the bruchid host. Upon hatching, the external parasite underwent 3 larval instars and if univoltine, overwintered as a 3rd instar within vetch seeds. The life cycle of the non-overwintering brood required about 24 days from egg to adult and the overwintering brood required ca. 10 months for completion.


HD 147395, a giant M2 star, was found to be a spectroscopic binary by the Mount Wilson astronomers some time ago, but its orbit remained unknown so far. Radial velocity observations carried out at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence with the CORAVEL spectrovelocimeter permitted us to obtain the orbital elements of this binary. They are as follows: P = 335.537 days; T = 4448335.0 JD; ω = 336.9°; e = 0.235; K = 16.87 km/s; V 0 = -20.12 km/s; a 1 sini = 75.67 Gm; =0.154 . The spectral type of the primary, and the value, lead to M 2 ≥ 1.0± 0.2 for the mass of the unseen companion. According to the color indices and of the system, the secondary star should be a F5V. We estimate at 1.25± 0.1 UA the mean linear separation of the components; nevertheless, both the distance of this binary (275 pc) and the expected value of seem too important for the system to be resolved by interferometry.


Tendering of cotton cellulose caused by the presence of Fe 2+ and/or Fe 3+ iions during bleaching with H 2 O 2 using the exhaustion method and the pad-steam method were studied. This was carried out by staining the cotton fabric samples with different concentrations of Fe 2+ or Fe 3+ ions the subjecting these samoles to bleaching. Ceasing of cotton tendering resulting from Fe 2+ and/or Fe 3+ during bleaching with H 2 O 2 by pretreatment of the fabric by oxalic acid were also studied under a varity of conditions. The onset of this pretreatment on the properties of the cotton fabric compared to the untreated fabric are discussed. The samples were monitored for degree of ppolymerization, Eisenhut's tendering factor, whiteness index, tensile strength and elongation at break. Results obtained show that the catalytic degradation of the cotton samples resulting from Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions are identical and the maximum tendering was observed when the fabric samples were contaminated with 0.3 mg/g fabric Fe 2+ and/or Fe 3+ ions. The catalytic degradation is much higher when the cotton samples were bleached with the padsteam than with the exhaustion method. The ceasing of such catalytic tendering could be achieved by pretreatment of the cotton fabrics with a bath containing 1% oxalic acid at 40°C for 1 min. The pretreated fabrics have higher degree of polymerization, whiteness index, tensile strength and lower Eisenhut's tendering factor compared with the untreated fabrics. The state of the fabric (i.e., grey, desized, scoured) does not play any significant role in such pretreatment.


We have investigated the amplitude variation effects in a serrodyne fiber-optic gyroscope (FOG). As the results of numerical calculation, it became clear that there are bias, scale factor error and discontinuity in regard to the linear relationship between serrodyne frequency and sagnac phase shift. And we confirmed those errors experimentally.


Radiation-driven plasma wave equations (RWE's) are derived from the basic dynamical plasma equations through restaining the ezternal radiation source terms and significant nordinear terms under the simplified assumptions used by gakharov [1]. Ezeitation processes of the transverse plasma waves, Langmuir waves by an ezternally applied electromagnetic wave to a nonuniform unmagnetized plasma are investigated by means of rough numerical simulations based on RWE's. The results show that the amplitude of the transverse plasma waves is sensitive to their effective damping rate and that the radiation-induced density profile modification looks like a step, which are in qualitative agreement with analytical results.


Traditional lighting programs to stimulate male turkeys for semen production involve a period of short-days (<8 h/light day) during development followed by long-days ( >14 h/light day) to induce semen production at the desired time and bird age (usually > 30 weeks of age, WOA). A previous report has shown that precocious semen production (c. 20 WOA) can be induced if long-day lighting is given prior to 15 WOA (Etches et al., 1993). This observation has recently been confirmed (Yang et al., 1998) and effects of early long-day lighting on short-term plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) concentrations reported. Both LH and T were higher in the birds exposed to early long-day lighting until the traditionally lighted birds were given long-day lighting at 29 WOA. Then, the traditionally lighted birds responded with a transitory period of increased LH and T. The long-term effects of early long-day lighting on LH and T concentrations, semen quantity and quality, and associated traits are reported here. Male turkeys were housed in light-tight rooms from 10 to 57 WOA. Blood samples were collected weekly from 10 WOA. One group (LD, n = 10) was given 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness for the duration of the experiment. The other group (SD, n = 13) was given 6 h days until 29 WOA and then photostimulated with 16 h days. Light intensity was approximately 10 lux at bird head height. Replicate pens were used for both groups. Semen volume and testes size 57 WOA) were determined by weight. Sperm concentration was estimated using a spectrophotometer (absorbance at 545 nm). Fluorescent microscopy was used to estimate the percentage of live sperm (Donoghue et al.,1995). The Accudenz® method was used to measure sperm motility (Froman and McLean, 1996; Holsberger et al., 1998). Plasma LH and plasma T concentrations were estimated by radioimmunoassays (Yang et al., 1998). Degree of moult was measured by counting the primary flight feathers at 50 WOA. Spur length was measured at 46 WOA. Struggling during semen collection, from 44 to 50 WOA, was rated by a user-defined rating system. Semen production was first detected in the LD group at 20 WOA. The LD birds did not attain significant semen production (0·200 ml) until 22 WOA and the SD birds not until 25 WOA. All of the LD birds were in semen production at 27 WOA, while all of the SD birds produced semen at 33 WOA. There were significant age by treatment interactions (p<0·001) for volume, concentration, total number of sperm, percentage live sperm, LH, and T concentrations. At most ages, the LD birds produced a higher volume of semen with a greater concentration of sperm than did the SD birds. The accrued number of sperm of the LD birds was always greater than that of the SD birds. The LD birds had a higher level of LH from 22 to 30 WOA, then they maintained a relatively constant level of LH to 57 WOA. In the SD birds, the LH level was lower than in the LD birds until 1 week post long-day lighting, when a transitory increase lasting about 6 weeks occurred. Then LH levels were similar in the two treatment groups to 57 WOA. The level of T increased similarly in both the SD and LD groups to about 24 WOA. After 24 WOA, the concentration of T in the LD birds was relatively constant, with small peaks at 31 and 41 WOA. After long-day lighting at 29 WOA, the SD birds experienced a large transitory peak in T concentration lasting about 6 weeks, then the concentration of T was similar in both groups to 57 WOA. There were significant age by treatment interactions (p<0·005) for the total number of live sperm. With the exception of a single week, the LD birds produced a greater number of live sperm than the SD birds. The LD birds were easier to handle (P<0·005) than the SD birds during semen collection (struggle rating). The LD birds also moulted a greater number of primary flight feathers (P<0·005). Sperm motility rank varied from week to week, with no consistent difference between treatment groups. Significant correlations were observed between degree of moult and sperm motility (r=0·654), testes size and body weight at 57 WOA (r=0·586), testes size and semen volume at 57 WOA (r=0·480), and testes size and T at 57 WOA (r=0·687). We conclude that total sperm produced during the reproductive period was approximately twice as great in the birds exposed to long-day lighting at an early age (10 WOA) than in birds given short-day lighting until 29 WOA, then long-day lighting, a traditional lighting program for male turkeys. In addition, early lighting resulted in more stable levels of the reproductive hormones LH and T than in males reared using a traditional male lighting program.


The article considers the process of developing the institution of public audit and characterized audit of efficiency as a new form of state financial control. The stages of its formation are highlighted


ABSTRACT This paper examines the political life of Malcolm X in the context of the Black Prophetic Tradition. By exploring historical, literary, and theological considerations of political violence and divine warnings, "Catch on Fire" evaluates Malcolm X's legacy as one of the iconic figures within more contemporary prophetic politics.


Abstract This study examined the effects of ultrasonic treatment on the amount and quality of essential oils extracted from caraway seeds using ultrasonic treatment followed by hydro-distillation and ultrasonic treatment followed by microwave-assisted hydro-distillation. Afterward, the obtained results were compared with those of untreated extracts issued from conventional hydro-distillation and microwave-assisted hydro-distillation. The essential oil yields ranged from 1.18 ± 0.09 to 1.36 ± 0.09% w/w, depending on the extraction technique. Analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry showed the presence of 21 compounds in all the extracts. Produced essential oils consisted of 9.65 ± 1.742 % to 18.59 ± 1.377 % monoterpenes hydrocarbons and 77.20 ± 2.847 to 84.60 ± 1.909 % oxygenated monoterpenes. The main components were limonene and carvone, but the amounts of each component depend on the methods. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of caraway seeds essential oils was determined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The antioxidant ability of the examined oils was moderate, and the USMAHD oil median inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was the lowest. Moreover, a statistical investigation paved the way for a possible correlation between the carvone/limonene ratio and IC50. Consequently, this aspect, which is the potential for improving the extract's quality by modifying the ratio of the target components known for their high antioxidant effects, made this study novel.


It is exceedingly difficult for mountain villagers, forced to abandon their homes because of submergence resulting from a power development project or from some other causes, to rebuild their lives in a new settlement accomodating themselves to different circumstances. For this reason, they are strongly opposed to any flooding of their home villages even when they receive ample monetary compensation for it. This is not a mere sentiment of mountain villagers at all. Consequently, the trends of many emigrating families as a result of the development of the sources of electric power today shows us that these people behave themselves within the ecological limitation as mentioned below.1. In time of emigrating, farm workers-who occupy the greater part of the population of a village-make choice of adjacent land the environment of which is similar to that of their mother villages. On the other hand, people engaged in commerce generally prefer a town.2. As to their callings, they mostly follow their former ones. This is a fact common to all kinds of occupation.3. When farmers change their calling, it is to commerce without exception.4. In case reparations for agricultural land are made in the form of some other land, the emigrants reject a newly-peopled district particularly a reclaimed area in which circumstances are quite differnet from those of their home villages.


A group of teachers from one elementary school were offered a college credit course on transactional analysis. Another school was used as a control group and pre and post data were collected on specific teacher attitudes and behaviors. As compared with the control teachers, the experimental ones increased their "OKness" scores and decreased their "Not OKness" scores. The experimental teachers also significantly increased in self-awareness and satisfaction with teaching.


The effects of ion scattering by a silicon dioxide layer on boron distribution profiles implanted through the oxide layer into single‐crystal silicon have been studied. The intensity of ion scattering and the degree of randomization of the directions of the implanted ions have been investigated through observations of a series of boron profiles measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis. The effectiveness of the oxide layer in randomizing the directions of implanted ions is found to be strongly dependent on the correlation between the ion energy and the oxide thickness. It is also shown by SIMS anaysis that even the total randomization of the direction of the ions does not completely eliminate ion channeling. This study reveals an unexpected effect of ion scattering by screen oxide layers on implant profiles: ion scattering by the oxide layer can cause enhanced channeling and deeper profile depth.


Nowadays more and more important properly to we can exploit the available agricultural land. The advent of precision agriculture technologies increasingly it is possible to process collected data. However the much of the data hard to processability and by many as have difficulty in collecting them. But this is not the case. The world wide web or the internet age, information can reach up to neighborhood farmers and we have not talked to the data collected by state agencies either. These data are the simplest of its complicated processing techniques to feel like that you can process it and we can obtain useful information.


Neck circumference (NC), as an upper body obesity index, is a simple screening measure for identifying overweight and obese patients. Based on the clinical significance of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and waist hip ratio (WHR), this study examines a relationship between changes in BMI, WC, WHR and Neck circumference. In a random sample cohort study the study group was comprised of 218 subjects ( Male) with no known major medical conditions who were not receiving any medication therapy. With age (17-34), divided in two age groups (17-25 and 26-34) with mean values (77.06 ± 0.56 and 82.97 ± 1.5 respectively) showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). Main indicators studied included NC, WC, WHR and BMI. Pearson's correlation coefficients indicated a significant association between changes in WC and changes in NC (r= 0.46 each, P < 0.0001) BMI and NC, (r = 0.51 each, P< 0.0001), Age and NC (r=.127 each, P<0.05) but was insignificant for WHR and NC, (r= 0.1, each, P<0.07). Changes in WC, BMI, and Age, correlated positively with changes in NC but negatively with changes in WHR and the NC was revealed to be double the WC. This might be used as a reliable, simple, quick and cheap method for predicting cardiovascular risk factors for coronary heart diseases and can possibly provide a very useful criterion for fashion designers for predicting waist circumference if a simple measurement of neck circumference is employed.


We perform the first ever global‐scale, altitude‐dependent analysis of polar ionospheric conductivity variability using spectrally resolved in situ satellite particle measurements. With an empirical orthogonal function analysis we identify three primary modes of three‐dimensional variability related to ionospheric footprints of the quiet and disturbed geospace environment: (1) perturbation of the quasi‐permanent auroral oval, (2) differing projections of electron precipitation during southward and northward interplanetary magnetic field, and (3) a likely imprint of variation in Alfvénic Poynting flux deposition. Together, these modes account for >50% of the total conductivity variability throughout the E region ionosphere. Our results show that height‐integrated conductance and height‐dependent conductivities are distinctly different, underscoring the importance of studying the ionosphere in three dimensions. We provide the framework for future three‐dimensional global analysis of ionosphere‐magnetosphere coupling.


Metformin is a common medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, which belongs to the biguanide chemical family (T2D). It's interesting that metformin's prescribed use as an anti-diabetic medicine can be expanded due to its therapeutic potential. In this regard, metformin treatment has been shown to have positive benefits on a variety of neurological diseases. In this article, we explore the metformin's positive effects as a neuroprotective agent in various neurological illnesses as well as the various suggested mechanisms of action to better understand how it works on a neurological level.
Recent research has demonstrated that metformin can pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and activate particular neurons and neuroglia to exert neurological effects; nevertheless, the precise way in which metformin regulates the central nervous system (CNS) is still unknown. In this review, we compiled the most recent data from preclinical studies that focused on the regulatory function of metformin in the central nervous system (CNS) and discovered that metformin can have potential neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and neurogenesis-stimulating effects. In addition, metformin also has an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing microglial activation and controlling microglial polarisation. These data suggest that the clinical use of metformin for neurological illnesses may have broad pharmacological efficacy and therapeutic insights.


• For most children, language develops in a natural, seemingly serendipitous way. Their language emerges as they interact with their parents, brothers and sisters, and friends. Very little formal language teaching occurs until they get to school, and by then they have acquired the basic syntactic, semantic, and phonological characteristics of their language. However, for some children, spoken language does not emerge either automatically or through teaching. These are children with severe handicaps, usually some combination of deafness, blindness, and mental retardation. In 1978, an article by Gold and Rittenhouse that described lessons for teaching eight basic concepts to deaf-blind persons was published in TEACHING Exceptional Children. The lessons used sign language coupled with task analytic procedures to teach the eight concepts. Marc Gold, one of the authors of the article, pioneered the use of task analytic procedures as a way of teaching assembly work to severely retarded adolescents and adults. The participants in Gold's research were institutionalized persons for whom the acquisition of vocational skills was seen as unattainable. Gold and Rittenhouse suggested that learning concepts by way of sign language could also be viewed as a task, albeit more abstract than assembly work, and thus amenable to the use of


Illustration practice over the last three decades has become an even more international discipline with illustrators working across a range of global markets. The Internet and social media, such as Instagram, provide opportunities for illustrators to promote their work to a global audience, allowing opportunities for more international commissions, projects and collaborations. In this global market a greater awareness of other cultures is an essential aspect in the learning of any new graduate.

The current master's programmes in Communication Design, at The Glasgow School of Art, were established in 2011. They have since grown to a cohort of approximately 50 students, comprised of students from over twenty different nationalities. In this case study I will reflect on what the team has learned through working with such a culturally diverse cohort of students at masters level. I will discuss the strategies the team has developed to deal with the diversity of prior study and cultures. I will provide insights from current illustration students and recent graduates of their experience of this culturally diverse programme and how it has informed their practice and development as reflective practitioners. I will explore the benefits of peer learning in a culturally diverse cohort and benefits of a critical reflective journal in student development.


One of the many drawbacks of quarterly journals is that material is often not timely. Tragically, the events in the US have an eerie, timeless quality. As I write this editorial, the terrorist attacks are only a week old. No one needs a reminder of the grisly, almost …


Recognition of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) as a spectrum of neurodegenerative disease is rapidly evolving. Both disorders have been shown to overlap in their pathology, genetics, and clinical presentations. Recent investigations have identified genetic hallmarks that concretely bridge those highly heterogenic disorders as a spectrum. The discovery of hexanucleotide repeat expansions in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), TAR-DNA binding protein (TDP)-43 proteinopathy, and their implicated functions in neurodegeneration and autoimmunity suggests possible underlying pathogenesis of ALS/FTD and toxic neurodegeneration at large. The autoimmunity aspect of C9orf72 is particularly exciting as it may elucidate a novel paradigm that not only encompasses the origin of neurodegeneration, but also that of autoimmunity. Here, we briefly review the latest findings of functions of TDP43 and C9rof72 and further discuss the possibility of an overarching theme in neurodegenerative diseases.


The author in the present work divided the genus Circumonchobothrium of the family Ptychobothriidae into two new subgenera on the basis of vitellaria Viz.
 ircumonchobothrium (Circumonchobothrium) n. subg. and Circumonchobothrium
( Postovilata) n. subg. The present new subgenus and its type species
ircumonchobothrium (Postovilata) betwaensis n.
subg., n. sp. is reported first time


1 Intravenous administration of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and LTD4 (1–10 nmol kg−1) caused a dose‐dependent increase in secretion of glandular‐kallikrein in the bronchial washings of guinea‐pigs, as measured by cleavage of a synthetic substrate and the formation of kinin. LTC4 was more potent than LTD4 and pilocarpine was much less potent than peptide leukotrienes on a molecular basis. 2 The increases in levels of glandular‐kallikrein in the bronchial washings that were induced by LTC4 (3 nmol kg−1, i.v.) were almost completely inhibited by pretreatment with an antagonist of leukotrienes (ONO‐1078), with an antagonist of thromboxane (S‐1452), with an inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase (OKY‐046), with indomethacin, with atropine or with scopolamine. These results indicate that the LTC4‐induced increase in levels of glandular‐kallikrein may have been mediated by the formation of thromboxane and the release of acetylcholine. 3 The increases in levels of glandular‐kallikrein in the bronchial washings induced by STA2 (20 pmol kg−1, i.v.), a stable analogue of thromboxane A2, were completely blocked by pretreatment with atropine, whereas increases induced by pilocarpine (41 μmol kg−1, i.v.) were not blocked by pretreatment with indomethacin, although such increases were inhibited by atropine. This result indicates that secretion of kallikrein stimulated by LTC4 may have been mediated by the successive formation of thromboxane A2 and release of acetylcholine. 4 Intravenous administration of bradykinin (3–30 nmol kg−1) caused a dose‐dependent increase in levels of glandular‐kallikrein in the bronchial washings. This increase was completely inhibited by pretreatment with atropine, with indomethacin or with an antagonist of thromboxane. 5 The increases in levels of glandular‐kallikrein in the bronchial washings induced by LTC4 (3 nmol kg−1, i.v.) and pilocarpine (41 μmol kg−1, i.v.) were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with an antagonist of bradykinin. These results suggest that intravenous LTC4 may increase secretion of glandular‐kallikrein via formation of thromboxane A2 and release of acetylcholine in that order, and kinin released by kallikrein may enhance the rate of secretion of glandular‐kallikrein.


In 1999 National Curriculum Guide for Preschools (Menntamalaraðuneytið [Ministry of Education], 1999) was published, which promoted computers as part of the preschool curriculum. The main purpose given was educational equality, the aim was to ensure that all children had access to computers regardless of their family situation. Hence, children with no access to computers at home would be able to learn about them and technology in school. When the curriculum came into force, some preschools had already introduced computers as a teaching tool. After the publication of the curriculum, an increasing number of preschools took the steps needed to introduce computers. It could be said that computers are not new in Icelandic preschools; however, it is important to remember the beginning. It is essential to learn from history, especially now with the second wave of technological education in preschools at its peak and 21th century skills in the making. Smart technology is becoming a stronger aspect of the lives of young children and they have access to technology earlier than ever before. Schools have embraced the new technology and it has widely become part of the preschool curriculum. In that light it is of vital importance to look at the impact of technology on the lives and learning of young children. Studies have been conducted that show both the positive impact of technology on young children's learning and its limitations, or even harmfulness. This research emphasises the development of computers as part of preschool education over the past twenty years. The aim of the research is to investigate the development of computers as an aspect of the preschool curriculum over the past twenty years. The point of departure in this paper is the introduction of computers in the 1999 National Curriculum Guide (Menntamalaraðuneytið [Ministry of Education], 1999), progressing toward the release of smart technology in recent years. Data was gathered by interviews with seven pioneers in the use of technology in preschool education. The focus was on their experience, views and beliefs. All participants were initiators of the introduction of computers in preschools both before and following the publication of the National Curriculum Guide for Preschools in 1999 and they are all still using computers and technology with preschool children today. Half-open questions were asked, concentrating on two main aspects. The subject focused on the use of computers in preschool teaching, emphasising preschool education and work with young children. The first set of questions dealt with the technological development of preschools around the year 1999 and then similar questions were asked concerning the introduction of tablets and smart toys. Additionally, questions were put forward about the initial implementation of computers into the preschool curriculum, compared with their experiences of today, and the lessons they had learnt from the whole process. The interviews, which lasted 60-90 minutes, were transcribed and analysed in themes. The results indicate that significant experience has been gained since the introduction of computers more than twenty years ago. There have been technological developments in preschools and technological devices have been used in a variety of ways in children's education and curriculum. The interviewees consider it important to clearly distinguish between teaching children to use technology and how teachers use technology when working with children. They say that computers and tablets are the teaching tools they use, both purposefully and spontaneously, in a variety of ways. Digital literacy comes from using computers in various ways, so teaching children to use a computer is not the main goal but rather seen as a byproduct of other educational work. It is clear, that the views of the interviewees are mostly similar, even though their teaching methods may vary when it comes to using new technologies. Most of the participants had personal experience using technology before they introduced it to preschool children; some had worked with different kinds of technologies with children before computers were formally introduced as part of the preschool curriculum. Introducing digital technology to the preschool curriculum was not always an easy journey. Many teachers had difficulty getting enough equipment or even the correct equipment needed. In some cases, this issue has remained. The teachers are critical of the preschool system and believe that more lessons could be learned from what has already been gained in the field of digital technology in preschools. They also claim that there is lack of purposeful goals regarding resources. The teachers want to focus on targets, creativity and the integration of digital technological use, both in methods and subjects. They also want to use varied teaching methods and seek out new ways of teaching. They believe that a positive attitude towards technology is one of the prerequisites for the teacher to succeed in working with both digital and other technology in preschools.


Cross-linking of water-soluble polymers by high-energy irradiation provides a clean method for the synthesis of hydrogels. Some applications of stimuli-sensitive polymers need different patterns in the micro- and submicrometet range on a supporting material. A dry layer of poly(vinyl methyl, ether) on a Si-wafer was cross-linked and patterned by irradiation with the electron beam of a modified electron microscope. The patterns in the micro- and submicrometer range show good adhesion on the supporting material without adhesion promoter. The deformation and the elastic behavior of the pattern were tested by AFM. The formed gel structures were sensitive against changes in environmental condition. This offers a wide range of applications.


Abstract Visible implant tags were injected into nonanadromous coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki clarki and Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma during field sampling in 1990 and 1991. We report the rate of tag retention for a population of wild cutthroat trout and Dolly Varden. Estimates of tag retention can be used to adjust potential bias in estimates of survival, mortality, and abundance resulting from unaccounted tag loss. We consider the effects of size and some of the causes for tag loss. Cutthroat trout retained 95% of the tags after 17 months; Dolly Varden retained 89% of the tags after 17 months (as determined by Robson–Reiger model estimates). Difference in tag loss between the two species was significant (P < 0.05) when tested with binary logistic regression methods. When tested separately in the model, the effect of fish length on tag loss was significant for Dolly Varden but not for cutthroat trout. The experience of the individual applying the tags appeared to affect retention; however, ...


This study examines the mystery of Burundi's ethnic massacres, among the bloodiest in the world. They occurred in 1959, 1962, 1965, 1966, 1969, 1972 and 1988. In the 1988 massacre, people picked up their machetes, their axes, and stones and started slaughtering their neighbours. Based on solid scholarship, and written by a man who was there as a wire-service correspondent, this book examines the mystery of the ethnic massacres - tribal in nature - in this small, central African republic.


The physics of a positively biased conductor surrounded by dielectrics in contact with plasma is investigated. It is shown that because of the presence of secondary emission from the surrounding dielectrics the voltage of the surfaces near the conductor has three solutions. Of the three possible solutions, the high‐ and low‐voltage solutions are stable while the intermediate voltage solution is unstable. For the stable solutions, the low‐voltage solution always has very low secondary emission while the high‐voltage solution has high secondary emission. The secondary current emitted from the neighboring dielectrics is collected by the conductor. When the voltage on the dielectric undergoes a transition from one bistable solution to another this will be seen as a concomitant increase in the current collected to the conductor. This theory is applied to explain the ''snapover'' effect. The snapover effect is observed on high‐voltage solar arrays that involve the use of highly biased surfaces in contact with t...


Since the reform of rural household contract responsibility system,rural development,great changes in the internal and external environment,to adapt to the development of productive forces,promote rural management system is inevitable.This paper analyzes the shortcomings of existing management systems in rural areas,and explore the basic direction of reform of management system in rural areas put forward to promote and improve the rural management system and the Strategy.


Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging global pandemic. Though significant progress has been made in unraveling the pathophysiology of the disease, the role of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and its subsequent inhibition by environmental and genetic factors in NAFLD pathophysiology remains unclear. The present report tests the hypothesis that an exogenous PP2A inhibitor leads to hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis via an NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-dependent pathway in NAFLD. Results showed that microcystin (MC) administration, a potent PP2A inhibitor found in environmental exposure, led to an exacerbation of NAFLD pathology with increased CD68


The shift from an industrial-based to a knowledge-based economy has impacted market conditions and created a demand for a talented and skilled workforce in knowledge-intensive industries. This pape ...


A charge-discharge model to simulate the cycle life behavior of rechargeable Li-ion batteries has been developed. The model is based on loss of the active lithium ions due to an electrochemical parasitic reaction. The effect of parameters such as depth of discharge (DOD), end of charge voltage (EOCV) and overvoltage of the parasitic reaction on the cycle life behavior of a battery will be presented.


This editorial piece sets out the background of the special issue 'Redesigning higher education in East Asia for a better future'. On the one hand, East Asian higher education has made phenomenal achievements in the last two decades, in both quantity and quality. On the other hand, it faces lingering intrinsic and extrinsic challenges. A major source of the intrinsic challenges is the persisting tensions between the local cultures and the imported modern Western university model. The extrinsic challenges are related with the global power dynamics in higher education, manifested in global knowledge asymmetries, academic dependence, and the center-periphery continuum in the global higher education system. Focusing on the efforts and opportunities in East Asian higher education, the nine articles of this special issue center around the question of 'how can higher education in East Asia be redesigned to advance its own development and contributions to society?' Diverse perspectives are employed to explore East Asian higher education at macro, meso, and micro levels, surrounding three themes. It is hoped that this issue can contribute to the ongoing exploration of higher education in East Asia and attract more attention from worldwide higher education researchers to study this rich and important field.


The paper introduces the Dynamic Syntax parsing-oriented perspective (Kempson et al 2001) which builds up logical forms as trees on a left-to-right basis as a transition across partial trees, with each word providing an update to the partial semantic representation so far constructed. The application that I shall display this with will be left-periphery and rightperiphery effects, arguing that in virtue of the emergent typology of left-dislocation and rightdislocation effects in which individual languages are seen as providing different forms of transition within a small and well-defined set of forms of tree growth that natural-language grammars should be defined to reflect the left-to-right dynamics of the human processor.


Abstract In this paper, we try to show, using a simple numerical example of a fictional international sports event, that there is a fundamental difference between what is generally called an economic impact study of a sports event and a cost-benefit analysis. The difference is important because an economic impact study does not yield any argument for the government to subsidize the event. Only a cost-benefit analysis can provide the necessary information.