In determining protein-protein interactions in native muscle membranes biochemically, bifunctional crosslinking agents of various length and solubility have been established as effective tools. Gel electrophoretic and immunoblotting methodology have proven to be highly suitable for the analysis of crosslinked products. Here, we have analysed the oligomeric status of a well established muscle membrane complex, the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase, employing a rapid optimization procedure of chemical crosslinking. Both, the fast SERCA1 and the slow SERCA2 isoforms of this enzyme appear to exist predominantly as a tetrameric complex under native conditions. Direct proteinprotein interactions are postulated to be important for cooperative kinetics and protection against proteolytic degradation. In order to keep artifacts of random crosslinking and hydrolysis of crosslinkers to a minimum, an efficient and swift experimental scheme is described to improve reaction conditions with respect to concentration ratios between crosslinkers and biomembranes, length of incubation time, pH and temperature. Employing the 11.4-Å probe bis-sulfosuccinimidyl-suberate and a mini-gel system for the analysis of microsomal vesicles, highly reproducible and optimal results could be obtained with relatively small amounts of skeletal muscle tissue. Thus, the reaction scheme of optimization of crosslinking described in this study is generally suitable for the analysis of supramolecular complexes in biomembranes and should improve the initial determination of the quaternary protein structures within muscle membrane microdomains.


Harrogate College photography student Scott Atkinsons' photograph was chosen from hundreds of hopeful entries to grace the front cover of the first ...


The present instability of European economics is reflected in
financial markets, and in their infrastructures as well. The
aim of this paper is to assess potential risks related to the
functioning of central counterparties (CCP) and repositories
(TR) on the European off-exchange derivatives market. Part One
deals with qualitative changes of FMI regulation. This analysis
is followed by an analysis of the FMIs role and an analysis of
CCP and TR subsystems. The paper resumes the most important
FMIs risks and the potential default of both subsystems which
could be very serious.


As a person who experienced one of the more recent colonizations Apartheid it is an honor and privilege to respond to Dr. Rivera-Pagán's thought-provoking and passion-awakening presentation. I, too, experienced "the pain and perverse pleasure of writing in a second language" as Michel-Rolph Trouillot wrote (Rivera-Pagan, 2007, p. 11). Any reflection on our conference topic is vulnerable to the very forces inherent to colonization. These forces almost universally decry speculation and uncertainty. In preparing this response, I became acutely aware of an urgency to speak with authority, clarity, intelligibility, and mindful of time, qualities prized by colonizing powers. Uncomfortable questions such as Do I have a significant grasp on post-colonial research?\ What is post-colonial pastoral theology?; and, Can we ever escape the forces of colonization? came to me. I also remembered the words of Bishop Desmond Tutu, who said: "I am amazed how easily I learnt splendid answers in England to questions no one in my black community was asking..." (Ackermann, 2003, p. x). I am left in the vulnerable place of feeling wounded, uncivilized, un-cultured, and perhaps totally irrelevant. In this brief response, I create a dialogue between one understanding of the "psychology of colonialism" and our speaker's


Abstract. This paper focuses on the ways Dutch speakers use pronouns in order to refer to the topic entity of wh-questions. It appears that, when they have the choice between a third-person pronoun or a demonstrative pronoun, they prefer the latter; however, in the answers given to wh-questions, the same discourse entity is normally referred to by means of a third-person pronoun. This phenomenon is usually accounted for by the recency principle, which predicts that a speaker accomplishes topical continuity by using a third-person pronoun. However, even when a discourse entity was already thematic over a long stretch of talk, speakers normally refer to it by means of a demontrative pronoun if it is the topic of a wh-question. Therefore, it is argued that the sequential function of the utterance as a whole may govern the selection of the coding devices through which reference is made to discourse entitites. This hypothesis would explain why the topic entity of a reported wh-question is usually referred to by means of a third-person pronoun.


Abstract : This program is being conducted to seek out and analyze some specific modes of failure in semiconductor materials, semiconductor devices, and dielectrics with the use of high-energy radiation. During this reporting period additional surveys were conducted to define more clearly specific problem areas with semiconductor devices and to direct the efforts of this program in order to derive maximum benefit from it. The experimental program on the effects of gamma radiation on germanium and silicon diodes was continued, and silicon PNP transistors were added to this program. A study on surface effects encountered with silicon devices was initiated; however, further analytical work with conventional means is required before nuclear methods can be applied effectively. Additional work in connection with failure mechanisms in dielectric materials has been explored, and further progress has been made in the development of a sensitive nuclear-magnetic resonance apparatus. (Author)


John Boardman has pointed to the squat bronze jugs with lotus handles from early Iron Age contexts in Crete and at Lefkandi on Euboia as Egyptian imports 'certainly straight from Egypt itself with no eastern intermediaries'. On close inspection, however, the Egyptian antecedents of these jugs pose a chronological, and even a philosophical, puzzle; whatever the solution, the jugs found in Crete and at Lefkandi surely do not furnish convincing evidence for early direct connections between Egypt and the Aegean.


Producing of component by machining process can yield component defective. That defective in crack form, although it probably is very litlle. If that defective is applied by a syclic load, the defective exist will propagate with a propagation rate until a limit where that structure is not able to restrain load applied to it. In this research, the specimen to be used was plat Al 2024 T3 with open hole, constant diameter and different distance between hole. Testing to be done by giving fatique load with ratio 0,3, according to ASTM standard E-647-93 (1994). The data to be collected were crack length and the number of load cyclic. Further, it is calculated crack propagation rate (da/dN) toward strength intensity factor (?K). The result of investigation shows that crack propagation rate curve of strength intensity factor function in the Paris area has Paris constant m = 1,163 until 4,2, and value of C = 1,69E-12 until 9, 34E-09


The traditional measurement method of thin wood-based panel's elastic modulus is carried out on the test piece for three-point or four-point bending static deformation test, the determination process is complex, time consuming, and makes damage to specimen. Use materials mechanics quick measuring instrument of sheet board wood, which is self-developed and based on the principle of cantilever's free vibration and cantilever bending to test three standards of thin wood-based panels' and medium density fiberboard's dynamic modulus of elasticity and static bending elastic modulus, use SPSS (Statisti-cal Program for Social Sciences) software to establish the relationship graphics of sheet's dynamic and static bending modulus of elasticity, relationship graphics of dynamic bending and three-point bending elastic modulus, and use linear regression to do correlation analysis on measurement results, while taking advantage of three-point bending to measure same test pieces' three-point bending modulus of elasticity to compare and authenticate. The results show that: the average of cantilever vibration dynamic elastic modulus is higher than cantilever bending static elastic modulus, and there is a very significant linear correlation between them; cantilever vibration dynamic modulus of elasticity and three-point bending modulus of elasticity have significant linear correlation, which shows that taking advantage of materials mechanics fast measuring instrument of sheet wood to measure the modulus of elasticity of thin wood-based panel and medium density fiberboard quickly.


Human industrial activities, inevitably, generate industrial wastes, consisting of, inorganic and organic materials, discharged from factories, fisheries, poultries and food processing industries. Degrading or handling these wastes, as unused disposals, without acquiring any additional benefits has led to an idea to develop a suitable technology to utilize bio-organic wastes. Chicken feathers have been discarded in bulk as waste from poultry processing industries, poultry farms and shops, globally. They normally accumulate structural proteins (keratins) that are resistant to biodegradation. Deoiled rice bran is also an agricultural waste which contains protein, fibre and carbohydrate content. Considering the abundant supply of these bioorganic wastes, we have successfully produced the biopesticides by culturing Bacillus sphaericus (Bs) and B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis (Bti) strains to synthesize mosquitocidal toxins. Biochemical studies indicate that the mosquitocidal spore/crystal toxins produced from the experimental culture medium (bird feather waste, BFW cum de-oiled rice bran, RBW) are higher than the conventional medium (Nutrient Yeast Extract Salt Medium, NYSM). The bacteria produced in these media (NYSM and BF, RB, RB+BF) were bioassayed against the mosquito vectors (Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti) and the toxic effect was found to be the highest for the combination medium (BF+RB). Cost-effective analysis indicates that the use of bird feather waste and deoiled rice bran waste as culture medium is highly economical for the industrial production of these mosquito pathogenic bacilli. This study is, therefore, very important as it possesses the dual benefit of effective utilization of bio-organic waste materials from the environment and for the production of mosquitocidal biopesticides as well.


cern in the world, as much of the population relies on groundwater as its major source of drinking water as well as on soil as cultivable land. Heavy-metal contamination brings a potential health harzard that can cause metal toxicoses in animals and humans (Volesky and Holan, 1995). Trace elements such as cadmium, copper, and mercury are very toxic heavy metals and have been found in the human environment at increased concentrations, because a wide variety of industrial activities have accelerated the release of these metals at higher rates than natural geochemical cycling processes can tolerate (Nriagu and Pacyma, 1988). Automobile and leather factories, and sugar mills located in Tucumán, a northwestern state of Argentine, are potential sources of effluent contamination of aquifers and rivers. Salí is one of the most important rivers of Tucumán. The Salí River flows to the Río Hondo reservoir in northeast Argentina. This reservoir is a source of drinking water, irrigation and fishing activities, and is considered an important ecological reserve in Argentina. The metal processing capacity of microorganisms can be used to concentrate, remove and recover metals from aqueous streams and enhance the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes (Brown and Lester, 1979). Different microorganisms such as fungi, yeast and bacteria were tested for the availability and biosorption potential to bind heavy metals (Volesky and Holan, 1995). However, to our knowledge little information is available about the use of actinomycetes for sequestering heavy metals from solutions (Abbas and Edward, 1989). This study deals with metal-resistant actinomycetes from polluted areas in the Salí River. From the isolates, selected strains were characterized with respect to growth in the presence of different metal ion concentrations (MICs), with the ultimate objective of utilizing these strains in bioremediation processes.


Blomvåg, on the western coast of Norway north of Bergen, is a classical site in Norwegian Quaternary science. Foreshore marine sediments, named the Blomvåg Beds and now dated to the Bølling‐Allerød from 14.8 to 13.3 cal. ka BP, contain the richest Lateglacial bone fauna in Norway, numerous mollusc shells, driftwood, and flint that some archaeologists consider as the oldest traces of humans in Norway. The main theme of this paper is that the Blomvåg Beds are overlain by a compact diamicton, named the Ulvøy Diamicton, which was interpreted previously as a basal till deposited during a glacial re‐advance into the ocean during the Older Dryas (c. 14 cal. ka BP). Sediment sections of the Blomvåg Beds and the Ulvøy Diamicton were exposed in ditches in a cemetery that was constructed in 1941–42 and have subsequently not been accessible. A number of radiocarbon and cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages demonstrate that the diamicton is not likely to be a till because minimum deglaciation ages (14.8–14.5 cal. ka BP) from the vicinity pre‐date the Ulvøy Diamicton. We now consider that sea ice and icebergs formed the Ulvøy Diamicton during the Younger Dryas. The Scandinavian Ice Sheet margin was located on the outermost coastal islands between at least c. 18.5 and 14.8 cal. ka BP; however, no ice‐marginal deposits have been found offshore from this long period. The Older Dryas ice margin in this area was located slightly inside the Younger Dryas margin, whereas farther south it was located slightly beyond the Younger Dryas margin.


Objective To explore the strategies for measles control,provide the scientific basis for the elimination of measles by 2012.Methods All the data of the epidemic reports and surveys of measles in Linyi City from 2004 to 2009 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.Results 2383 cases of measles were reported in Linyi City from 2004 to 2009.The incidence in 2008 was 12.65/105,which was the highest in the past 20 years.Most of the cases occurred between March and April.The ages of patients were mainly under 6 years old,accounting for 73.56%(1753/2383).Patients without history of measles immunization accounted for 77.05%(1836/2383).Measles mostly concentrated in scattered inhabiting children,accounting for 67.1%(1599/2383),next was in farmers and then in peasant workers,accounting for 11.2%(267/2383).Conclusion Keeping a high quality routine immunization,carrying out intensified vaccination timely,strengthening the checks on certificates of vaccination in schools and kindergartens for supplementary immunization and improving the monitoring quality are the effective measures to control and prevent measles.


Prediction of a risk group and early diagnostics of preeclampsia (PE) are crucial for a comprehensive follow-up of women to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. This review presents current data regarding PE prognosis. We have substantially progressed in understanding PE pathogenesis and in the field of angiogenic markers, but not a single test meets the criteria to serve as an optimal biomarker. It has been increasingly emphasized that the role of maternal hemodynamics may be important in predicting PE risk. The cerebral and ophthalmic arteries, blood volume, potential echocardiographic markers to predict PE as well as a marker of heart failure, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), are actively investigated. The analysis summarizes the data on contemporary markers for PE prognosis by focusing on impaired pregnancy-related maternal cardiovascular adaptation. Assessing hemodynamics represents a potential prognostic marker for impaired maternal cardiovascular adaptation.


Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma fractions from blood is believed to be a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker in comparison to stand methods. BEAMing is a highly sensitive dPCR technology, which is capable of ctDNA enumeration at extremely low ratio presentation. A microfluidic BEAMing system has been proposed by our team, while this work focuses on achieving high-throughput, high-efficiency and high detection sensitivity BEAMing procedures for clinical application.


Gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) research is directed towards fulfilling the ambitious goals of Generation IV (Gen IV), that is, to develop a safe, sustainable, reliable, proliferation-resistant and economic nuclear energy system. The research is directed towards developing the GFR as an economic electricity generator, with good safety and sustainability characteristics. Fast reactors maximise the usefulness of uranium resources by breeding plutonium and can contribute to minimising both the quantity and radiotoxicity nuclear waste by actinide transmutation in a closed fuel cycle. Transmutation is particularly effective in the GFR core owing to its inherently hard neutron spectrum. Further, GFR is suitable for hydrogen production and process heat applications through its high core outlet temperature. As such GFR can inherit the non-electricity applications that will be developed for thermal high temperature reactors in a sustainable manner. The Euratom organisation provides a route by which researchers in all European states, and other non-European affiliates, can contribute to the Gen IV GFR system. This paper summarises the achievements of Euratom's research into the GFR system, starting with the 5th Framework programme (FP5) GCFR project in 2000, through FP6 (2005 to 2009) and looking ahead to the proposed activities within the 7th Framework Programme (FP7).


Electronic Health Records are becoming the criterion in the healthcare province. The potential benefits of having an Electronic Health Records system are: Health information recording and clinical data repositories, Medication supervision, Decision hold up, Obtain treatments that are personalized to definite health needs. Usage of Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning techniques build a tool, capable to recognize and distribute textual information related to diseases and treatments. An extensive study of various Machine Learning algorithms and textual representations for classifying short medical texts and recognizing semantic relations among two medical entities diseases and treatments. There are at least two challenges that can be come across although working with Machine Learning method. One is to discover the most appropriate model for prediction. The Machine Learning field offers a collection of predictive models that can be used and deployed. The job of finding the appropriate one relies greatly on empirical studies and knowledge proficiency. The second one is to find a good data depiction and to do aspect engineering because features powerfully manipulate the performance of the models.


Micrometer- or submicrometer-sized metallic pillars are widely studied by investigators worldwide, not only to provide insights into fundamental phenomena, but also to explore potential applications in microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices. While these materials with a diminutive volume exhibit unprecedented properties, e.g., strength values that approach the theoretical strength, their plastic flow is frequently intermittent as manifested by strain bursts, which is mainly attributed to dislocation activity at such length scales. Specifically, the increased ratio of free surface to volume promotes collective dislocation release resulting in dislocation starvation at the submicrometer scale or the formation of single-arm dislocation sources (truncated dislocations) at the micrometer scale. This article reviews and critically assesses recent progress in tailoring the microstructure of pillars, both extrinsically and intrinsically, to suppress plastic instabilities in micrometer or submicrometer-sized metallic pillars using an approach that involves confining the dislocations inside the pillars. Moreover, we identify strategies that can be implemented to fabricate submicrometer-sized metallic pillars that simultaneously exhibit stabilized plasticity and ultrahigh strength.


ABSTRACT Scholars of modern China have overlooked the role environmental policy played in early Republican efforts to promote both modernization and national unity. Beginning in 1916, the national government in Beijing mandated that each province and county throughout the Chinese nation celebrate "Arbor Day" in order to foster a modern Chinese environmental culture. This change was made in response to global discourses that linked forest cover to a modern nation's moral and economic health. Arbor Day coincided with the Tomb-Sweeping Festival, a day traditionally reserved for ancestor worship. Due to the vast climatic disparities within China, many governments planted Arbor Day trees under conditions that made it impossible for them to thrive. Nevertheless, officials throughout China continued to celebrate Arbor Day as proof of their loyalty to the government in Beijing. Arbor Day thus served more as an exercise in promoting national unity than in creating a viable reforestation campaign.


Although chaotic systems were first introduced to describe dynamical behaviors by modeling natural complex phenomena, they have been an important subject of research during the last two decades mainly because of the growing of the computing available resources. Nowadays, chaos research is present in very different fields to model complex behaviors such as: behavior of the human being, the market prices until physical relations between celestial corps, the modeling of fluids dynamics and information encrypting. As many phenomena in nature, most of the chaotic systems can be described and modeled by electrical circuits, which are then denoted as chaotic oscillators. There are several known forms to implement them, the majority of the electronic realizations are based on the use of operational amplifiers (Opamps) and in some cases, on more complex blocks like those which realize mathematical operations just as multiplication and division, with electrical signals mainly voltages. Among all the kinds of chaotic oscillators, there is a set which only requires differential operators and the use of destabilizing functions known as "piece wise linear functions" or PWL functions. Such kinds of systems are among the simplest to be implemented by using electronic circuits; however, they are capable of achieving very complex dynamics. On the other hand, the implementation of PWL-based chaotic oscillators at the integrated circuit level, is becoming an important field of research. In this manner, this Thesis is devoted to implement such PWL-based chaotic systems using VLSI design techniques. The main contribution of this work is related to the use of unity-gain cells to build iii behavioral models and later to realize simulations using HSPICE and standard CMOS technology of 0.35μm. This implies for an analog circuit designer to take into account practical considerations with respect to the limited dynamical ranges, the system bandwidth and other characteristics analyzed in the singular blocks which conform the chaotic oscillator.


The present invention relates to a method for using the magnetic resonance image data acquisition means (10) having a display unit (21) having the following method steps: - collecting at least one measurement of at least one overview image data set (101), - Analysis the at least one image data set, - generating (105) information of the slice geometry, - graphically displaying (106) along the at least one information of the slice geometry of the slice plane, and - for medical and / or diagnostic provided Q and acquisition / or checking the image data.


This project addresses the energy efficiency and productivity of solids manufacturing and separation processes that use crystallization. The overall objective is to develop crystallization simulation technology and software tools that significantly improve industry's ability to predict and control product quality and optimize process and equipment performance while reducing energy use. This project addresses both levels of simulation models of importance to industry: (1) Process flowsheet models, and (2) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models of process components. The project results are delivered in commercial software products that allow industry to predict and optimize the performance of real industrial crystallization processes.


Background Guardian Waiting Shelters (GWSs) are an essential component of the Malawis health care system as they serve as a temporary home for patient guardians while taking care of their relatives admitted to the hospital. Despite GWSs valuable role in healthcare settings, there have been few studies on the specific experiences, infrastructure, and conditions provided at these facilities. The study examines GWS management structures and conditions, as well as guardian satisfaction and perception of health risks related to GWS use. Methods In this cross-sectional, mixed-methods study, we assessed 12 GWSs from 12 districts in the southern region of Malawi. Qualitative data included interviews (n=149) and focus group discussions with patient guardians (n=72), as well as interviews with GWS caretakers (n=5), representatives from Hospital Management (n=12) and Hospital Advisory Committees (n=11). Quantitative data included structured assessments (n=12) of infrastructure present and used at GWSs. Descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis were utilized for data analysis, and a problem tree analysis was used to triangulate and summarize the findings. Results 249 participants, including 221 being patient guardians, participated across the 12 GWSs. Each GWS had an average of 100 users daily, primarily middle-aged females (71%). There was a lack of clear and consistent management and responsibility for GWS operation and maintenance. GWS infrastructure conditions were poor, with inadequate functional sleeping rooms, insufficient access to water and sanitation facilities, and limited facilities for hygienic food preparation. Notably, 50% of the GWSs lacked water access, and a quarter had non-functional toilets. Overall, guardians felt unsafe and at risk of disease transmission when staying within GWS. Conclusion Study findings highlight lack of clear, consistent GWS ownership as a root cause of challenges in GWSs. Clear policy and operational standards must be established for effective management and smooth functioning of GWSs in Malawi.


ABSTRACT The adhesive sealing structure plays an important role in high-reliability long-life service of Li-ion pouch cells. The inner gas pressure increases inevitably owing to a diversity of chemical and thermal reactions during charging/discharging cycles of Li-ion pouch cells. It accelerates the degradation of adhesion properties, leading to the sealing failure and batteries' being scrapped in advance. Therefore, an accurate sealing life prediction method is crucial for durable Li-ion batteries. Since existing physics-based methods cannot describe the time-varying dependence between the gas pressure and adhesion property variable (i.e. maximum peeling force) well, whereas pure data-driven methods have difficulties in determining failure thresholds, this paper proposes a fusion method for predicting the sealing life. Considering the irreversibility of the sealing degradation, the Gamma stochastic processes are used to describe the dispersivity and monotonous variation of gas pressure and maximum peeling force, and the time-varying dependence between them is modelled by time-varying copula functions. Then, two empirical physical equations are employed to determine the relationship between the gas pressure and the sealing stress, as well as the relationship between the peeling force and the adhesive strength. Finally, the sealing life prediction is obtained based on the stress-strength interference theory.


Extracting high quality genomic DNA from single shoots of xeric bryophytes has been the bottleneck for further study on the genetic diversity.In the paper,three DNA extraction methods,simple protocol,2 CTAB method and DNeasy plant mini kit,were tested,with Tortula desertorum as an example.Among which,2 CTAB method could get pure DNA and was ready to be used as templates for PCR amplification.In addition,optimal PCR amplification programmes and suitable primers were firstly established when using RAPD and ISSR as DNA markers.


Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is a measurement technique that is used to study transmission line systems. It is very useful in locating and evaluating discontinuities on a line. The method can also characterize nonuniform communication paths and display the evolution of the cable impedance. In our case we are interested in caracterizing electrical power cables for high bit rate data transmission purpose.


The issue in this writing is how to take legal action against summons for a notary who does not comply with Article 66 paragraph (1) UUNJP and what crimes are related to the profession and position of a notary. The method of this research is normative or doctrinal in which the object is statutory regulations with a case or doctrine approach, then the primary legal material is statutory regulations and secondary legal material is in the form of books. The results of this study conclude that legal remedies taken by a notary against summons that do not comply with Article 66 paragraph (1) UUJNP are through pretrial since it has the authority to decide whether or not an arrest and or detention is legal at the request of the suspect or his family or other parties on the power of the suspect and that criminal acts related to the profession and position of a notary in the Criminal Code are Articles 263-266 as well as Articles 372 and 378, these articles indicate the involvement of the profession and position of a notary. Meanwhile, the author's suggestion is that investigators and public prosecutors should pay attention to other regulations apart from the Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code so that no suspect's rights are overlooked and for a notary to always act in professional manner and being thorough or prudent in formulating a deed.


This paper describes the results of a study which examined what railway systems, especially information systems for passenger stations will be suitable for the coming new age. Functions of passenger stations are divided into five categories, which are ticket services, information services, train operations, station management and additional services. The authors have analyzed these functions and propose various new systems such as a total sales system, an electronic ticket system and an information providing system. (Edited author abstract)


From 1953 onwards, whenever Mountbatten travelled abroad, he would dictate a long account of the day's events and the people he met. In 1964, for example, he visited India, Burma and Ceylon, Washington and New York, India again for Nehru's funeral, Athens and West Africa. The author has written several books, including "The Black Death", "Melbourne" and "Diana Cooper".


IN the midst of World War I, Georges Guillain, J. A. Barre, and A. Strohl made an important contribution to neurology by reporting an illness in two French soldiers. The significance of their observation did not lie in the description of a new disease. Landry, 1 in 1859, had reported a similar condition, characterized by acute ascending paralysis, which was mainly motor and which usually led to complete recovery. Following this original description, Landry's paralysis had become a well-known clinical entity. The contribution of Guillain, Barre, and Strohl was made possible by Quincke's introduction of the technique of lumbar puncture in 1891 2 and consisted in the observation of increased protein in the spinal fluid without cellular reaction. The pathologic identification of the disease as a radiculopathy was not made by Landry, who observed no abnormality in the nervous system at autopsy, nor by Guillain, Barre, and Strohl, who


Although studies increasingly point toward problems with social cognition among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), few studies have assessed empathic responding. The aim of the current study was to investigate empathic responding in women with PTSD related to childhood trauma, and the contribution of parental bonding to empathic abilities in this sample.


Objective: To clinically assess the accordance of try-in paste and corresponding resin cement on the final color of ceramic laminate veneers (CLVs). Material and methods: Twenty-eight CAD/CAM CLVs (n = 28) were fabricated from IPS e. max CAD. All CLVs were scanned on the cast followed by fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printed stent using 3D printer. CLVs were tried in the patient mouth using try-in paste. Bonding of all CLVs was performed using light-cured resin cement. Color measurement was performed using intraoral spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade V). Color differences were calculated between: try-in paste and uncured resin (tr-ur), 2) try-in paste and light-cured resin cement (tr-lcr), 3) uncured and light-cured resin (ur-lcr) immediately after cementation and 4) light-cured resin and 24 hour after curing (lcr-24). Comparison of ∆E*measurements within the same teeth at different evaluation stages (try-in paste, uncured resin cement, light-cured resin cement and light-cured resin cement after 24 hours) were done using repeated measure ANOVA followed by paired t test. All P -values are two-sided and P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The mean of ∆E*0 (tr-uc) was 2.35±0.74, mean ∆E*1 (trlcr) was 2.15± 0.84, mean ∆E*2 (tr-24) was 2.13±0.87, the mean ∆E*3 (un-lcr) was 0.69±0.44, the mean ∆E*4 (un24) was 0.84±0.44 and was 0.35±0.10 for ∆E*5 (lcr-24). Comparing mean ∆E at different evaluation stages were statistically significant (p<0.05) except comparing ∆E*2 (tr-24) with ∆E*1 (tr-lcr) which give p value of 0.302. Conclusion: The color match obtained by the try-in paste was similar to cured resin, therefore, enhancing clinician ability to achieve the desired esthetic outcome. Small change between uncured and light-cured resin cement was found. Clinical Significance: It is advised to use uncured resin cement as a try-in paste for color matching rather than try-in pastes. [Ahmed A. Elbahnasi, Walid A. Hamaly, Manal M. Abomadina. Spectrophotometric Investigation into the Impact of Try-in Paste, Uncured and Light-cured Resin Cement on the Final Color of Ceramic Laminate Veneers: Clinical Study. J Am Sci 2020;16(8):28-36]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4. doi:10.7537/marsjas160820.04.


For the period 2021-2027, the EU member states have the obligation to point out in a National Strategic Plan (NSP) how their policy efforts will contribute to the goals for the Common Agricultural Policy as formulated by the European Commission. The Dutch ministry of Agriculture has decided to have a SWOT-analysis on the main issues developed in order to prepare the NSP. In the first phase, a SWOT-analysis on the main issues ('Draft SWOT') has been performed. In the second phase, the final SWOT-analysis will be performed. This report contains an additional analysis on the 'Draft SWOT', with a focus on the question whether, to which extent and how the NSP needs to take regional differences into account.


Children with bronchiolitis commonly are managed on an outpatient basis, but some become worse and require additional medical attention. In a prospective multicenter study of children younger than 2 years who were discharged from an emergency department (ED) with bronchiolitis during 2004–2006, investigators sought predictors of unscheduled return …


In the recent outbreak of avian bird flu (H5N1) in West Bengal during January– February 2008, the Government responded promptly by distributing equipment for culling operations and Tamiflu, which resulted in effective control of the outbreak. The World Health Organization (WHO) rightly issued a warning notice that the outbreak in West Bengal was severe in comparison with the earlier outbreak in Manipur during July 2007. Coincidentally, there were reports that the emerging infectious diseases could be a potential public health threat to several countries. Five years after the first ever attack of H5N1 during 2003, scientists are still unable to predict the time and location of the next potential outbreak(s). Can the Indian Government take appropriate steps to prevent such an outbreak in future? Is it possible to predict the next location(s) of the outbreak in India or in any part of the world? Answers to these questions might not be easy or could be impossible. One of the reasons for the difficulty in predicting outbreaks is that migratory wild birds, not virusinfected humans, carry the H5N1 virus long distances (One cannot totally rule out the chance of humans carrying bird flu for long distances, as poultry staff could carry the virus through clothes and equipment). A mathematical model developed for the recent Indian bird flu predicts that majority of the infection was in wild birds, market birds (includes backyard poultry birds taken to markets for selling) and farm birds, which play an important role in spreading the virus from the epicentre to the nearby centres in the region. The model was developed by considering the transmission dynamics between migratory wild birds, domestic birds, poultry birds, market birds and poultry workers (poultry workers are not infected, but their clothes and equipment are assumed to carry H5N1). The virus was allowed to spread from the epicentre to other locations in the State by migrating infected birds, transportation of poultry and market birds. The model predicts the number of infected birds by type over a period of time. Impact of intervention programmes on the spread of infected birds was predicted using the model. Such models are found to be efficient for predicting the spread of flu among birds after initial attack of H5N1, but they are not designed to predict accurately the location of the next outbreak. However, one important contribution of such modelling efforts is that they could predict the range of the infected bird populations depending upon the data and information available from the epicentre of the virus spread. Once the basic data (estimated number of infected birds, estimated susceptible bird population in the epicentre, bird population density, transmission related parameters, etc.) are available, mathematical models can help predict the course of the epidemic. In West Bengal the epicentres were the Birbhum and South Dinajpur districts, where the estimated number of birds infected in ten days was 765,000. The actual number of infected birds might have been different had the epicentre of H5N1 attack been in a different geographical location. It could be less or more severe depending upon the density of poultry and the total susceptible bird population in that location. In Maharashtra, the estimated number of infected birds was one million and in Manipur (where the poultry is less densely located) the estimated number of infected birds was 150,000. The higher the density, higher is the rate of virus transmission between bird populations. Model-based results indicate that the infected bird numbers ranged between 327,000 and 1,795,000 with varying contact rates (which could be due to lower or higher density of poultry). Figure 1 explains how the densities of the poultry at the epicentre together with the other dependent parameters like bird population, transmission parameters, etc., determine the spread. In Figure 1, contact rates between birds are assumed to be proportional to the densities. Governments need to plan the culling and controlling operations proportional to the densities of the poultry. We need to generate a map of the poultry in the country and the distances between them. A recent study indicates that small birds such as house sparrows are highly susceptible to the H5N1 virus. Modelling the spread mechanisms in housesparrow populations could be complex and obtaining transmission parameters could be difficult. Nonetheless, there is need for an expansion of the existing models by adding more bird populations as transmission variables. Statistical analysis conducted based on data from Thailand and Vietnam indicates free-grazing ducks and farmed ducks contribute more to high prevalence of H5N1 than poultry


Background: Assessment of the radiation doses to which workers are exposed can differ depending on the placement of dosimeters on the body. In addition, it is affected by whether the placement is under or over a shielding apron. This study aimed to evaluate the actual positioning of personal dosimeters on the body, with or without shielding aprons, among radiation workers in Korea. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the survey data, which included demographic characteristics, such as sex, age, occupation, work history, and placement of the personal dosimeter being worn, from a cohort study of Korean radiation workers. We assessed the use of personal dosimeters among workers, stratified by sex, age, working period, starting year of work, and occupation. Results and Discussion: Overall, high compliance (89.1% to 99.0%) with the wearing of do-simeters on the chest was observed regardless of workers' characteristics, such as age, sex, occupation, and work history. However, the placement of dosimeters, either under or over the shielding aprons, was inconsistent. Overall, 40.1% of workers wore dosimeters under their aprons, while the others wore dosimeters over their aprons. This inconsistency indicates that radiation doses are possibly measured differently under the same exposure conditions solely owing to variations in the placement of worn dosimeters. Conclusion: Although a lack of uniformity in dosimeter placement when wearing a shielding apron may not cause serious harm in radiation dose management for workers, the development of detailed guidelines for dosimeter placement may improve the accuracy of dose assessment.


A practical synthesis of FR900490 (1__-), a peptidyl immunomodulator of microbial origin, has been achieved through diastereoselective preparation of α, β-diaminobutyric acid 2__-.


Polyploidy induction could increase shallot bulb-size to raise consumer preference and local shallot productivity. The research aimed to obtain an effective method of polyploidy induction on callus of onion (Allium cepa) var. Bima Brebes. The experiment was consisted of two experimental steps, which were callus induction of onion and polyploid induction of the callus. A 1×1 cm callus was treated by two drops of oryzalin with concentrations 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 120 μM. The ploidy level was identified based on morphological trait, stomatal analysis and DNA content using a flow cytometry. The results showed callus diameter, number of green spots, and number of shoots were decreased with increasing oryzalin concentration. The planlet leaves regenerated from oryzalin treated callus were darker than that of control. The flow cytometry analysis showed that planlets with 75 μM oryzalin was tetraploid, had longer and wider stomata than that of the control.


A 9-year-old boy presented with left, intermittent testicular pain that was present for 3 days. On physical examination, left testis was grossly enlarged and firm but mildly tender. Serum α-fetoprotein and β-human chorionic gonadotropin levels were within normal range. Color doppler ultrasonography which was performed to rule out testicular torsion revealed an intratesticular mass located at the upper pole of left testis and left radical orchiectomy was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was Sertoli cell tumor.


Spinal cord injures are associated with a high incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and, in consequence, associated also with a greater frequency of pulmonary emboli (PE), reported in the literature to occur in 70 to 100% of those cases 1. The extent of the pulmonar vascular obstruction is probably the most important determinant of the right ventricular dysfunction, which in turn leeds to worse prognosis and higher risk of death and reccurence 2. These patients are therefore good condidates for thrombolytic therapy. After clinical suspicion of PE, if there are unequivocally visible thrombi and signs of hight ventricular dysfunction at echocardiography, treatment, including thrombolysis, can be started 3. We report the case of a paraplegic patient with unusual echocardiographic findings in whon two different therapeutic approaches for PE could be evaluated.


Conservative estimates suggest that over 8 million persons have PAD and almost 20% of people over 70 years of age have a positive diagnosis by noninvasive testing.' Intermittent claudication is the most common symptom and occurs in about 5 million persons in the United States. The five-year mortality rate for PAD approaches 30%, as patients die from co-morbid conditions of coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease.2


With the growing attention on the use of big data in the financial decision making, data driven finance receives large attention in the recent academic literature. The study aims to provide the brief review and scientific mapping of data driven finance researches. The study uniquely provides the description, evaluation, mapping and visualization of the related research in the field of data driven finance by the use of computer software's such as; Biblioshiny, R-Studio and VOS viewer. We assist in establishing a solid theoretical and conceptual base and provide a clear direction for the future research in the area.


This study considers the problem of estimating the reduction of roundabout entry capacity caused by pedestrian zebra crossings. An empirical procedure is developed on the basis of field observations collected at an urban four-leg roundabout located in Padova (Italy). The disturbance caused by pedestrians to approaching traffic is measured using crosswalk occupancy times, rather than pedestrian volumes like in previous studies. The proposed method leads to the determination of a capacity reduction index, which can be applied in operational analyses to obtain realistic estimates of roundabout entry capacities taking into account the impact of pedestrian crossings. Also, the possible effect of introducing pedestrian-actuated signal control on zebra crossings is evaluated, using simulation, with reference to alternative pedestrian volume and signal timing scenarios.


This study was conducted to examine the effect of financial health level of insurance companies on their increasing profitability. It uses profitability as the dependent variable measured by Return on Assets (ROA) and the independent variable is financial health level measured by Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Operational Efficiency Ratio (BOPO). It is quantitative research in which the sample was taken using a purposive sampling method. It uses secondary data collected from the annual financial reports of insurance companies during the 2014-2018 period. There were 10 companies selected and the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques with the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program version 23. The results show that three variables— such as Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Net Interest Margin (NIM)—  have a positive effect on Return On Assets (ROA). On the contrary, the two variables such as Non-Performing Loans (NPL) and Operational Efficiency Ratio (BOPO) have no effect on Return on Assets (ROA).


This research was conducted to determine learning outcomes in writing poetry texts using audio visuals for X grade students of SMA Manggala Sakti in the 2020/2021 academic year. This research is a quasi-experimental research conducted in class X SMA Manggala Sakti. The research subjects were all students of class X with a total of 16. This study was a quasi-experimental population in this study were students of class X even semester of SMA Manggala Sakti. The data of this study were taken from the poetry text writing test. Based on the results of the tests that have been carried out, it was found that there were differences in the results of writing poetry by students using audio-visual media. The results show that Ho is rejected, and Hi is accepted from the t-test hypothesis testing at a significant level of 0.05 with T count (3.91) and T table (0.68), so the results show a significant difference. The first average value was 59.06 to 78.43. This shows a significant increase with a difference of 19.37 increase. Thus, giving treatment in the form of audio-visual media in class X SMA Manggala Sakti got results that were in line with expectations.


This study aims at investigating the effect of capital competence on the Jordanian commercial banks' profitably through two measurements: capital competence versus total assets and capital competence versus risk assets. In regard to profitability it has been measured through return on investment (ROA), return on Equity (ROE) and return on share (EPS). In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a statistical test is conducted through the use of linear regression coefficient and the use of SPSS. The study revealed several results, and is concluded with recommendations, which assures the effect of capital competence on the Jordanian commercial banks profitability in facing risk and enhancing liquidity in order to achieve financial solidity.


A data network may not be stable at the connection level under some unfair bandwidth allocation policies, even when the normal offered load condition is satisfied i.e. average traffic load at each link is less than its capacity. In this paper,we present that a data network is stable when the bandwidth of the network is allocated so as to provide a minimum bandwidth using max min fairness algorithm. Thus each user will be guaranteed for a minimum bandwidth he will be getting.


With a retrospective study all patella fractures of infants (to 16 years) treated between 1992 and 1996 at the Department of Traumatology of the University of Freiburg were evaluated. Because of the rare occasion of a fracture event in this group caused by flexible anchoring of the patella not surprisingly only 4 cases were noticed. All patients were males and accidents happend during leasure activities. Relevant accompanying injuries were not seen. In 3 of 4 cases an effusion of the knee joint was diagnosed. A virtually not dislocated avulsion of the inferior patella pole was treated without operation, two displaced transverse fractures were internally fixed by tension band wiring and a vertical comminuted non-displaced fracture was treated by a screw osteosynthesis. Two patients additionally underwent a diagnostic arthroscopy used for shaving of cartilage damage in one case. Following a treatment between 7 to 9 weeks full weight bearing and a free knee joint mobility could be achieved. In summary, treatment guidelines are equivalent to those applied to adults. Displaced fractures under special consideration of a disturbed extension function need an ORIF otherwise a conservative treatment is appropriate. Sleeve-fractures are only seen in children, consist of a small distal bony fragment and a large part of articular cartilage and should always be taken into account while evaluating operative necessity. Initial radiography may in these cases not reflect the actual extent of injury.


The magnetic‐field dependence of the order‐disorder transition temperature Tc in RbMnF3 and KNiF3 was measured in fields H up to 180 kOe. In both of these very nearly isotropic cubic antiferromagnets, Tc(H) increases with increasing H at low H, as predicted by Fisher, Nelson and Kosterlitz. The values for the crossover exponent φ obtained from the data for two RBMnF3 samples are 1.278±0.026 and 1.274±0.045, compared to the theoretical value 1.250±0.015.


With the increasing threat against the enterprise network security,how to build up an appropriate and effective network security system becomes an annoying trouble of the enterprise information director.With the description of major security threats and risks of the enterprise network,the practice of certain large energy company in network security system construction is analyzed from multiple dimensions,including hierarchy,domain,level and time,and this is an effective way to improve the enterprise security system and describe the correspondence relation between security threats and security system,and thus to find the potential risks.


Taking BV 450/750 1×1.5 PVC insulated wire as an example,the paper according to the tests,analyzes the factors which influence the insulation resistance tests,explores the reasons for the big differences of the same group wire in various temperatures and reading time,and illustrates the precautions of the testing process of the insulation,so as to direct the practice.


Introduction Research methodologies in the developing world and elsewhere focus upon multidisciplinary systems comprising environmental, biological, social, economic, institutional and political components. Funding agencies are increasingly concerned with achieving value for money and seek a process to assess impact of their research interventions upon the environment. To measure impact, data are needed that are called indicators. Indicators can be raw values or combinations of values forming compound indicators or indices. Indicators may be qualitative, quantitative, textual or even pictorial. They can be proposed for the different system components biological, environmental, economic, social, institutional or political and by different stakeholders: farmers, householders, extension agents, NGOs, researchers, research institutions, aid agencies, government departments, politicians....whose contributions to research programmes are at different levels of scale. Indicators are also proposed for different sectors and different themes. The definition of an indicator is given here with examples for different components and for different sectors.


DAY LABOR HAS BECOME A VISIBLE AND VITAL COMPONENT OF THE ECONOMY overall band a major element of nonstandard employment strategies for disenfranchised prospective workers. For migrant workers, particularly men, day labor serves as an important means to employment, offering them a chance to find work despite barriers such as immigration status or lack of well-paid work in the primary economy (Valenzuela, 2003; Catanzarite, 2003). Informal day labor, in which prospective workers congregate daily in public spaces such as street corners to solicit work, is the focus of this article. We will examine how Mexican day laborers struggle to negotiate two contradictory demands: the need to present themselves visibly in public spaces, such as parking lots and sidewalks, to attract the notice of potential employers, and the need to avoid provoking whites in a town that has an organized opposition to the presence of Latin migrants. Using participant observation data and structured interviews, this article examines the strategies Mexican men use to negotiate survival while presenting themselves in public to find work. We argue that migrant men are conscious of their marginalized role in the shared social space of a particular town, and regularly develop strategies to minimize the potential for being forcibly removed from a social space where they are subordinate, but for which they are dependent to sustain economic survival (Lim 2004; Soja 1989; Lefebvre, 1991). Key in the strategy for negotiating this social space is the presentation of self as clean, quiet, and orderly, qualities that dominant white citizens would presumably embrace. In this analysis, social space is not understood as simply a geographic area. Rather, it consists of conceived spaces, and as such is not inured from the social, political, and economic hierarchies of the wider society (Lefebvre, 1991). The question of who can utilize such spaces, and how, is largely determined by the will of the dominant classes. Marginalized individuals typically develop strategies of survival, including identifying and abiding by norms defined by those in more privileged positions. "Who gets to 'represent' space and formulate what is spatially (un)desirable is contingent on the power of the dominant person/group" (Lim, 2004: 1764). Actors orient themselves according to their perceptions of space and make determinations about how they want to act in those spaces; they also decide if there are certain spaces they should avoid (Lefebvre, 1991). Of particular consequence to the migrant workers in our study is the singular challenge of simultaneously negotiating the social space of Freehold, New Jersey, as visible actors and willing wage earners. In what follows, we explain the efforts of Mexican migrants to mitigate opposition to their public presence by managing how they present themselves in this predominantly white social space. Their efforts include strategies of managing noise, addressing public fears about large groups of men on street corners, and acknowledging long-held stereotypes of Mexicans as dirty. We present findings from a two-year study in Freehold using ethnographic methods and semi-structured interviews with undocumented day laborers. The article explores how these Mexican men managed the need to attract the notice of potential employers as they drove through town by presenting themselves visibly in public spaces, while avoiding anything that would provoke the fear and ire of local residents who had organized opposition to their presence. These divergent demands entail risk for Mexican day laborers whose conspicuity in this social space is essential to finding work. Mexican migrants, most of whom are undocumented immigrants from rural provinces such as Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Puebla, began arriving in Freehold just before the year 2000. They arrived hoping to find work in landscaping and construction, thus benefiting from New Jersey's housing and development boom. …


The article examines the impact of banks performing operations involving transnational banking capital on the banking system of Ukraine through the use of the principal components analysis. This approach is related to the method of multidimensional statistical analysis and is widely used to reduce the dimension of an analyzed set of attributes, and to select the most informative indicators and classification features.

From the research, it is found that the principal components analysis is based on the idea according to which structural properties of relations between variables can be determined by their dependence on fewer non-measureable (concealed, latent, hypothetical) general factors.

The direct estimation of the impact of banks performing operations involving transnational capital on the banking system of Ukraine is carried out by means of the application package named Statistica. For this analysis, the following relative indicators showing how Ukraine's banks perform operations involving transnational capital are used: 1) percentage of funds raised from legal entities; 2) percentage of funds raised from individuals; 3) percentage of owned capital; 4) percentage of profit / loss after tax; 5) percentage of assets; 6) percentage of loans and debts of legal entities; 7) percentage of loans and debts of individuals.

Based on the research findings, it is shown that there are three principal components which take into account more than 5% of total variance. However, there is only one component among them the value of which exceeds 1. The second component equals 0.954179, meaning that it approaches 1. The scree plot shows that the breaking point can be viewed as the eigen-value of correlation matrix which equals 23.85%. Consequently, the two principal factors have an essential impact on the processes of foreign capital penetration into Ukraine.

It is claimed that the expansion of transnational banking capital into the banking system of Ukraine is controversial. On the one hand, these trends are quite obvious. On the other hand, financial, economic, military, and political instability hampers such processes. In conclusion, it should be stressed that unlike other approaches, the research and methodological approach to scoring the impact of banks performing operations involving transnational capital on the banking system of Ukraine, is based on the principal components analysis. This makes it possible to develop an aggregate index which characterizes the impact of banks performing operations involving transnational capital on the banking system of Ukraine, and to use it for monitoring of structural changes in the banking system.


Received: November 2, 2020 Revised: November 27, 2020 Accepted: November 30, 2020 ORCID KyungDo Lee http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8870-9978 SangIl Na http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-4845 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)s have a high resolution of around 10 cm, and can acquire images with lower cost when we want. The purpose of this study was to estimate the winter wheat nitrogen content, biomass and grain yield using UAV image. We collected the time series UAV aerial images at the upland and the data were compared with the wheat nitrogen contents, biomass and yield in the experimental sites. Correlation coefficient (R) between the vegetation indices (NDVI, GNDVI, RVI, GRVI, NDRE) and wheat nitrogen contents were more than 0.8 from early-April to late-April. Correlation coefficient (R) between the vegetation indices (NDVI, GNDVI, RVI, GRVI, NDRE) and wheat biomass, grain yield, and crude protein were from 0.7 to 0.8 from early-April to late-April. Using these results, we were able to make the distribution map of the wheat nitrogen, biomass and yield. In the future, it will be necessary to study to recommend supplemental fertilization to ensure the wheat yield using UAV images information.


To make the best use of resource of data and to improve ability of decision support,it was demanded to search a schema of online analytical processing.Conceptsof online analyticalprocessing and method of dataanalysiswerebriefly introduced.In succession,design and method of implementation of medical care data processing were put forward,which includes build of architecture,analysis of functional modules and establishment of data model.The system was implemented with VB6.0 and SQL server.At last demand of the system was achieved by analysis of the result.


This paper studies the nonparametric estimates of general weight function of the nonparametric regression function with fixed design points,when the model error is NA sequence,and the uniformly optimal convergence rate under some conditions is also provided.


This study addresses the issue of immigrant entrepreneurship in Italy highlighting the role of the social and economic integration of immigrants in the push towards entrepreneurship. Immigration to the Italian territory is a growing phenomenon for several years and inevitably leads to both social and economic implications. The progressive growth of entrepreneurial initiatives of immigrants makes the study of this phenomenon particularly interesting, especially in view of its impact on the competitive dynamics of domestic firms. In the immigrant entrepreneurship literature, some studies in particular focused on the characteristics of the entrepreneur, others on the framework conditions that encourage entrepreneurship, among which the market, the legislative system, the relational network of the entrepreneur. This study aims to integrate the sociological and business perspective, and examine, through a correlation analysis, the relation existing between social integration in the host country and propensity to entrepreneurship for immigrants. The thesis is that difficulties in social integration can push immigrants toward entrepreneurship, as an opportunity for redemption.


This paper explores some of the ideas expressed in or associated with the work of Don Lorenzo Milani and the School of Barbiana and discusses them in the light of the teachings of the gospels. It draws out the implications of these ideas for a critical education in the Christian spirit. The focus throughout is on Christian education for social justice.


The high- speed jet of aluminum plasma is a calibrated source of impact in the Active Geophysical Rocket Experiment (AGRE) in the upper atmosphere. In the considered problem of jet injection, the gas dynamic parameters and the ionic composition of the plasma were determined. It was shown that in a rapidly expanding jet, a violation of thermodynamic equilibrium occurs, leading to the "freezing" of the ionic composition. During AGRE, the plasma of the jet interacts with the ionosphere and the geomagnetic field.


Nonspecific protein-protein interactions of a monoclonal antibody were quantified experimentally using light scattering from low to high protein concentrations ( c2) and compared with prior work for a different antibody that yielded qualitatively different behavior. The c2 dependence of the excess Rayleigh ratio ( Rex) provided the osmotic second virial coefficient ( B22) at low c2 and the static structure factor ( S q=0) at high c2, as a function of solution pH, total ionic strength (TIS), and sucrose concentration. Net repulsive interactions were observed at pH 5, with weaker repulsions at higher TIS. Conversely, attractive electrostatic interactions were observed at pH 6.5, with weaker attractions at higher TIS. Refined coarse-grained models were used to fit model parameters using experimental B22 versus TIS data. The parameters were used to predict high- c2 Rex values via Monte Carlo simulations and separately with Mayer-sampling calculations of higher-order virial coefficients. For both methods, predictions for repulsive to mildly attractive conditions were quantitatively accurate. However, only qualitatively accurate predictions were practical for strongly attractive conditions. An alternative, higher resolution model was used to show semiquantitatively and quantitatively accurate predictions of strong electrostatic attractions at low c2 and low ionic strength.


Apple replant disease( ARD) has been reported from all major fruit-growing regions of the world. ARD is a serious problem in about half of old orchard sites surveyed,with typical symptoms including stunted above- and belowground tree growth,necrosis of feeder roots,water stress and nutrient deficiencies. The etiology of ARD is complex and causal agents vary among different sites and regions. In most sites,biotic factors seem to be prevalent,including nematodes,bacteria,actinomycete,oomycetes and fungi species thought that Pratylenchus penetrans was the primary nematode species involved in ARD. Although several bacterial genera and species have been associated and suggested as being involved in ARD,most bacteria likely impaired plant at inordinately high densities. Evidence for the involvement of actinomycetes in ARD is circumstantial. However,most researches demonstrated fungal and oomycete genera were the main reason for apple replant disease, i. e. fungal genera: Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Cylindrocarpon; oomycete genera: Phytophthora,Pythium. To investigate the spatial structure of soil fungal community structure in replanted orchards,three replanted orchards in Ciyao,Daolang and Jincheng town were used to take soil samples,which were collected from 0—30 cm and 30—60 cm depth of the row,inter-row and tree hole,respectively. T-RFLP( Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) was applied in the analysis of soil fungal diversity. Based on the T-RFLP pattern differences,diversity index analysis,cluster analysis and principal component analysis( PCA) were combined to do the further analysis of soil fungal diversity from different orchards. The results indicated that soil fungal diversity differed in three orhcards,Shannon diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Simpson index in all samples were between 0. 43—2. 47,0. 17—0. 85 and 0. 12—0. 81,respectively. The highest Margalef richness index( R = 4. 55) was observed at 0—30 cm soil layer of tree hole in Jincheng and the lowest value( R = 0. 77) was obtained at 30—60 cm soil layer of tree inter-row in Ciyao. In all investigated sites and soil layers,original tree hole showed the highest diversity index,evenness index,richness index and the lowest Simpson index. Soil fungal diversity index,evenness index,richness index of 0—30 cm soil layer were higher than those of 30—60 cm soil layer; however,Simpson index expressed a reverse trend. PCA and cluster analysis indicated that soil fungi of Ciyao, Daolang and Jincheng formed independent community structure, respectively, and these communities could adapt to their own specific soil environment and became the dominant population.


We have now found that differences in the functional source of innovation may be caused by potential innovators' differing expectations of innovation-related rents. If this is so, we may be able to shift the likely source of innovation by changing the distribution of these expectations of rent. Further, by understanding how expected innovation rent is distributed, we may be able to predict the likely source of innovation. And if we can do these two fundamental things, we are well on the way to learning how to manage an innovation process that is actually or potentially distributed across different functional loci. In this chapter, I report on a natural test of the possibility of shifting the functional source of innovation. In chapter 8, I report on a test of the possibility of predicting the sources of innovation. Nature of the Test The test I present here deals with a variable that is under the control of firm managers: product design. It starts with the observation that product manufacturers can design products that are easy (inexpensive) or difficult (expensive) for users to modify. An easily modified product will lower a user's expected costs for innovations that require such modification. In contrast, of course, a product that is expensive for users to modify should raise users' expected costs. Such differences in expected costs should in turn affect users' expectations of innovation-related rents and cause differences in the amount of innovation activity involving product modification. We should be able to observe this hypothesized shift in the functional source of innovation if we can contrast two products-one difficult for users to modify and one easy for users to modify-that are otherwise identical in 93


Correlation between electrical signals, tree sizes, and breakdown voltages was investigated for XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) water-treed model cables. After electric aging in the water bath the current-voltage characteristics of the cable specimens were examined, and the breakdown strengths were measured using a slowly ramped voltage (1 kV/sub rms//min, active length of 0.5 m). The insulation was then cut into slices, stained with methylene blue, and examined microscopically using a semiautomatic image analyzer. It is concluded that polarization and depolarization currents are a more sensitive indicator for water trees in model cables than loss tangent measurements at 50 Hz. The electrical signals correlate to the actual water tree content and the breakdown strength measured afterward. Measuring from time to time the polarization and depolarization currents and the loss tangents of cable insulation stressed in a long term AC test is a possible way to monitor 'continuously' the generation and growth of water trees. The advantage of this method lies in the fact that only one specimen is used for the different load times, so there is no individual scatter.<<ETX>>


The present invention relates to a laser device for surgical treatment of ametropia and which makes use of substantially all of the available radiation, comprising the following components arranged on a common optical axis: a pulsed laser 1, a unit 3 for uniform distribution of laser radiation energy density over the beam cross-sectional area, a shaper 6 of required distribution of laser radiation energy density over the beam cross-sectional area, and a projecting lens 7, wherein the unit for uniform distribution of radiation energy density is a rectangular cross-section waveguide 5, preferably shaped as a parallelepiped, in which case a lens may be placed before it along the pathway of laser radiation, or it may also be shaped as a pyramid frustum. The device may include a vibrator 9.


To carry out astronomical observations in the molecule rich 3 mm window the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) compensates for gravitational and weather induced deformations of its primary reflector. Terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) offer a fast and reliable means of measuring these deformations, but their use has been limited to measuring gravitational deformations thus far due to the large systematics inherent to their construction. The laser antenna surface scanning instrument (LASSI) on the GBT uses a TLS to measure weather induced deformations. The LASSI removes the TLS systematics by taking the difference between scans. We use the active surface (AS) on the GBT to validate this strategy and find that the LASSI can accurately measure deformations corresponding to different Zernike polynomials with amplitudes between 60 μm and 550 μm. We estimate that the wavefront error introduced by the LASSI to the surface is 100 ± 30 μm, root-mean-squared (rms), which would result in a total surface error of 250 μm rms. This suggests that using the LASSI to measure, and the AS to correct, for weather induced deformations is a viable method to efficiently carry-out day time 3 mm observations with the GBT.


ABSTRACT In this paper, the optimal insurance design is studied from the perspective of an insured, who faces an insurable risk and a background risk. For the reduction of ex post moral hazard, alternative insurance contracts are asked to satisfy the principle of indemnity and the incentive-compatible condition. As in the literature, it is assumed that the insurer calculates the insurance premium solely on the basis of the expected indemnity. When the insured has a general mean-variance preference, an explicit form of optimal insurance is derived explicitly. It is found that the stochastic dependence between the background risk and the insurable risk plays a critical role in the insured's risk transfer decision. In addition, the optimal insurance policy can often change significantly once the incentive-compatible constraint is removed.


Abstract HANDBOOK OF DEMENTIA: PSYCHOLOGICAL, NEUROLOGICAL, AND PSYCHIATRIC PERSPECTIVES. Edited by Peter A. Lichtenberg, Daniel L. Murman, & Alan M. Mellow. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2003, 440 pp., ISBN 0-471-41982-6. Reviewed by Doug Messinero. ESSENTIALS OF CRISIS COUNSELING AND INTERVENTION. Donald E. Wiger and Kathy J. Harowski. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003, 221 pages, $34.95 paperback. ISBN 0-471-41755-6. Reviewed by Geraldine R. Brinkley. HANDBOOK OF DEPRESSION. Edited by Ian H. Gotlib and Constance L. Hammen. New York/London: The Guildford Press, 2002. Reviewed by Karen Judd.


A case of a fresh open comminuted maxillofacial fracture is presented.This 38 year-old male, who was on a motor cycle and struck in the left side of the face by a parking car on April 12, 1982 was trasferred to an emergency service of our hospital on the following day with a diagnosis of fractures of the fibula and the pelvis, and face laceration. Physical examination on admission disclosed that his consciousness was clear. There was a laceration in the left cheek through which the maxillry sinus was open.A comminuted fracture of the maxilla with a longitudinal fracture of the palate and 2-6 alveolar bone fracture were revealed by X-ray and CT scan. Fracture of the fibula and the pelvis were treated nonoperatively. An open reduction for this maxillofacial fracture was immediately performed under a general endotracheal anesthesia. The main purpose of this operation was functional correction of occlusion. Bone fragments were brought into the occlusion and intermaxillary fixation with splints was performed. A radical operation of the maxillary sinus was subsequently carried out through the cheek laceration. A drain was placed through the nasal cavity. Intermaxillary fixation was continued for 50 days postoperatively.The patient obtained a normal occlusion. He is quite satisfied cosmetically as well as functionally.When managing a trauma patient with a maxillofacial injury, the functional reduction of the maxillofacial fracture should be considered soon after life support care.The difficulty in a quick assessment for the minimum requirement in the treatment of the maxillofacial injury among other priorities was summarized.


We have developed and successfully operated a "gas anode" for use with z-pinch plasma radiation x-ray sources (PRS). The gas anode replaces the multiple solid anode-currentreturn rods of a standard PRS with a cylindrical shell of low atomic number gas. Beginning at the start of current flow, either via pre-ionization by UV flashboards or via high voltage breakdown, the anode gas conducts the return current flow of the pinch for the duration of the implosion and beyond.


Great efforts made to detect secret hidden information within digital files. Unfortunately, these efforts are consuming large amount of time and may fail if the hidden information encrypted. Therefore, destruction of such hidden information using a stegofirewall filter seems to be the most appropriate solution. However, it is essential that such process should not affect the cover image file and any authentication information such as watermarking. The paper presents the design of a firewall system that passes the digital image files (the carrier cover) together with a watermarked image file and rejects the hidden content. The system will also achieve cover image enhancement since its operation relies on denoising filtering. This stegofirewall should have a processing speed compatible with that of high speed Internet. The latter requirement achieved through the hardware implementation of such a system using an FPGA to provide the real time speed limitations required. The system implemented using Matlab together with Spartan 6 and Virtex 5 FPGA chips. The results of Matlab simulation show that the system performs well in destruction, whereas the real time implementation shows that Virtex 5 is better than Spartan 6 for the real time implementation and within the acceptable time required.


We will summarize the impact of the conflict betwe en randomness and determinism on the markets analysis, in this paper. On the one hand, the market analysts assume that the market is perfectly deterministic, and on the other, there is a group of the analysts that believe the market is completely rand om. We discuss also information and investment horizons, stability, and risk. Informati on is processed differently at various frequencies: there will be trends and cycles at all investment horizons. The information can be stochastic, or it can be nonlinear deterministic, b ut always their exact structure of the trend is time varied. It is predictable, if it keeps the mar kets stable. Singularities of the market behavior can be explained by chaos theory and fract al statistics. Fractal analysis helps us to understand how markets and economies perform.


We compute the complete set of candidates for the zeta function of a K3 surface over F_2 consistent with the Weil conjectures, as well as the complete set of zeta functions of smooth quartic surfaces over F_2. These sets differ substantially, but we do identify natural subsets which coincide. This gives some numerical evidence towards a Honda-Tate theorem for transcendental zeta functions of K3 surfaces; such a result would refine a recent theorem of Taelman, in which one must allow an uncontrolled base field extension.


In the study of corticosteroid metabolism means must be utilized to separate the initial sequential process of reduction of the A ring of the phenanthrene nucleus from the subsequent conjugation mechanism at the 3-hydroxyl position. Utilizing the in-vitro system described by Brown et al., the metabolism of tetrahydrocortisone by liver slices from adult female, pregnant, post-partum fetal and newborn rats was studied.
 Liver slices from premature and newborn rats exhibited an intact although quantitatively reduced ability to metabolize tetrahydrocortisone, when compared to the normal adult rat. Liver slices from pregnant and post-partum rats similarly metabolized less tetrahydrocortisone, suggesting that similar factors might be affecting the conjugating mechanism in all four groups.
 It is probable that incomplete development of enzymatic mechanisms in the young animal might be anticipated to be more pronounced and significant in terms of the highly specific enzymes and hydrogen donors involved in the initial reduction of the A ring of the steroid nucleus.


Here we will look at the value of the entire Earth if it is viewed simply as a form of rest-mass energy that theoretically could be extracted. However, as it would not be sensible to use our own planet (our only home at this time) as a form of energy, a better alternative would be to sell the Moon to aliens. So, we will calculate what the value of the Earth, the Moon, and other planets might be from an energy perspective. Of course, if advanced aliens ever do visit us, they might just look at the Earth as a clump of fuel; if they were sympathetic to human beings, they could pay us for it and let us keep the Moon, or even better, they could let us keep the Earth and they would pay for the Moon instead. On the surface, this is just an entertaining thought experiment, but there are deeper implications on valuation, energy forms, and negotiations within this story.


This study proposed a pulse excitated eddy current sensor as well as the method of signal processing. To the plate displacement detection, for example, this paper designed and built a pulse excitated eddy current sensor detection experimental system. This paper introduced the principle of the eddy current testing method of pulsed excitation. For experimental resultant excitation response signals, this method respectively used four different methods to extract the feature information and establish the functional relationship between the feature information and the displacement .Analysis and comparison of these four ways results show that the integral difference method has high detection precision, calculation speed, so this method has a good value of practical application.


Cosmeceutical users are diverse. But despite their differences, they are united in one goal: to slow the signs of aging. "Everyone is looking for a good formula that works in real life," says Ohad Cohen, CEO of herbal extract supplier Vitiva (Markovci, Slovenia). "If the formula is all natural, that's the best scenario."


The Membrane‐Interface Probe and Hydraulic Profiling Tool (MiHpt) is a direct push probe that includes both the membrane interface probe (MIP) and hydraulic profiling tool (HPT) sensors. These direct push logging tools were previously operated as separate logging systems for subsurface investigation in unconsolidated formations. By combining these two probes into one logging system the field operator obtains useful data about the distribution of both volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) and relative formation permeability in a single boring. MiHpt logging was conducted at a chlorinated VOC contaminated site in Skuldelev, Denmark, to evaluate performance of the system. Formation cores and discrete interval slug tests are used to assess use of the HPT and electrical conductivity (EC) logs for lithologic and hydrostratigraphic interpretation. Results of soil and groundwater sample analyses are compared to the adjacent MiHpt halogen specific detector (XSD) logs to evaluate performance of the system to define contaminant distribution and relative concentrations for the observed VOCs. Groundwater profile results at moderate to highly contaminated locations were found to correlate well with the MiHpt‐XSD detector responses. In general, soil sample results corresponded with detector responses. However, the analyses of saturated coarse‐grained soils at the site proved to be unreliable as demonstrated by high RPDs for duplicate samples. The authors believe that this is due to pore water drainage observed from these cores during sampling. Additionally, a cross section of HPT pressure and MiHpt‐XSD detector logs provides insight into local hydrostratigraphy and formation control on contaminant migration.


A chirp-coded robust synthetic aperture(CRSA) technique for medical endoscopic ultrasonography was presented.The technique uses chirp-coded excitation and corresponding pulse compression to enhance the robustness of synthetic aperture.The effect of resolution enhancement by the CRSA technique is demonstrated by both FieldⅡsimulation and sample experiment.Data for 6 point targets is simulated and the performance of CRSA is compared with that of conventional barker-coded synthetic aperture technique(BSA).Nylon rope samples are examined by a single element transducer centered at 8 MHz.Both simulation and experimental results indicated that CRSA can improve resolution of ultrasound images with good robustness as compared with the conventional BSA technique.The lateral resolution is upgraded to 1.4 mm from 1.8 mm,and for errors 6%of the correct value,the main-lobe broadening and SNR degradation are 0.04 mm and 0.2 dB respectively,which are 0.95 mm and 3.6 dB lower than those of BSA.It therefore can be concluded that CRSA has more robustness than BSA against the disturbance caused by sound speed errors.


Nine isolates of Erwinia chrysanthemi from rotting potato tubers were compared with six type or reference strains of this species. Phenotypic properties of the potato isolates closely agreed with those of Erw. chrysanthemi pv. zeae and with the characteristics proposed for Dickey's infrasubspecific subdivision IV (1979) and Samson & Nassan-Agha's biovar 3 (1978), where Zea mays was among the most common host species. Pathogenicity tests on 20 ornamental and agricultural species showed only Cyclamen sp. and Z. mays to be susceptible. In Ouchterlony double diffusion tests, antisera to whole live cells of one potato strain reacted with four of the six pathovars of Erw. chrysanthemi. Tuber isolates did not produce blackleg symptoms in inoculated stems. The rationale of intensive pathogenicity testing is discussed.


To meet the need of identifying the fire loads on FPSO topsides, this paper put forward a CFD based method for the heat flow analysis of floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) topside model by taking into account the effects of wind speed and direction. The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) program is employed in this method. The model for heat flow analysis is a 1/14-scale FPSO topside model presented in the wind-tunnel experiments. The results of FDS simulation on that topside model are presented in this paper. In the simulation, the speed and direction of the wind are varied, and the temperature distribution is measured. With the results compared with the experimental results, it can be concluded that FDS simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results. The work done in this study will be very useful for the fire engineering of FPSO topsides.


The Energy-Casimir method, due to Newcomb, Arnold and others is illustrated by application to the motion of a free rigid body and the heavy top.


Conceptually, the idea of inducible region holds for general problems. Since necessary and sufficient conditions can be derived for certain class of problems by using this idea, it is hoped that the clarification of the concept could lead to the development of a general theory for Stackelberg games.


The Intrusion Prevention System(IPS) is the new security technology for the network;it must be able to prevent the intrusion and virus.The article attempts to apply the Deep Packet Detection and protocol analysis in the IPS to improve the ability of the IPS.


Alleviating the effects of and adapting to climate change present some of the main global objectives and challenges facing modern governments responsible for working towards sustainable development in both economy and society. Energy risks in the economy brought about by attempts to adapt to climate change and the drastic reduction in carbon gas emission require new approaches to using fuels with a lower carbon emission factor than the existing fossil fuels. New technologies and new methods of energy consumption, those which would not contribute to climate change, must be found. Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change, as well as the only greenhouse gas emitted by the cement industry in large quantities. Reduction, according to the guidelines defined by the Kyoto Protocol for the cement industry, is to be achieved by substituting fossil fuels with replacement fuels made from waste, which contain the largest possible amount of biomass. In this paper, the results of an empirical study of public awareness and opinions on the measures for achieving the desired goals in adapting to climate change will be presented. The study was conducted on a purposive, non-random sample using the methods of in-depth interview and participant observation. In the study of empirical data the qualitative method of grounded theory was used. Descriptive analysis and quantification of the coded, qualitatively analysed sample of the conditional matrix were carried out as a prerequisite for further analysing the differences. The coded material underwent quantitative analysis and was processed using the Statistica software package, ver. 11.00. The aim of the study was to


Two photovoltaic energy conversion concepts capable of producing electricity at substantially higher efficiencies than conventional PV systems are the thermo-photovoltaic (TPV) concept. and the tandem-cell (TC) concept. The theoretical performance of devices designed to manifest these concepts is investigated in this paper. It appears that significant efficiency increases are possible with these two concepts if one is prepared to accept the inherent added complexity. For example, in the TPV device, for a maximum allowable diffuser temperature of 2500 deg K, a theoretical efficiency of 65% is predicted. Theoretical efficiencies near 50% are predicted for the TC device.


Objective Discussion and Analysis of the risk factors of stroke. Methods 120 cases of patients with stroke risk factors analysis and comparison with the healthy control group were analyzed to calculate the coefficient of relative risk of risk factors.Results Stroke group and the healthy control group,according to two risk factors of stroke risk factors ranked as high blood pressure (11.32),smoking (4.37),high blood lipids (4.12),diabetes (3.97),carotid atherosclerosis (3.53),obesity (3.11),TIA history (2.98),history of heart disease (2.89),family history (2.01). Conclusion Hypertension is the most important stroke risk factors,the greatest impact on the incidence of stroke.


The electronic properties of a triaxially strained hexagonal graphene flake with either armchair or zig-zag edges are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations and tight-binding calculations.
We found that: i) the pseudo-magnetic field in the strained graphene flakes is not uniform neither in the center nor at the edge of zig-zag terminated flakes, ii) the pseudo-magnetic field is almost zero in the center of armchair terminated flakes but increases dramatically near the edges, iii) the pseudo-magnetic field increases linearly with strain, for strains lower than 15$%$ while growing non-linearly beyond this threshold, iv) the local density of states in the center of the zig-zag hexagon exhibits pseudo-Landau levels with broken sub-lattice symmetry in the zero'th pseudo-Landau level, and in addition there is a shift in the Dirac cone due to strain induced scalar potentials. This study provides a realistic model of the electronic properties of inhomogeneously strained graphene where the relaxation of the atomic positions is correctly included together with strain induced modifications of the hopping terms up to next-nearest neighbors.


Ginseng was used as the major raw material to make a beverage. With ginseng saponin content as the index, the optimal process of extracting ginseng was determined; and through orthogonal tests, the formula of the ginseng beverage was obtained. The results showed the optimal ginseng extraction process as 90℃, 60 min and solid-liquid ratio 1 ∶ 10, and the optimum formula of the ginseng beverage as ginseng extract 10%, sugar 8% and salt 0.05%,The beverage obtained was characterized by soft taste and the unique flavor and color of ginseng.


The role of field tests for chemical management must not be overestimated. Results obtained from multi species tests in the field indisputably give valuable information on the fate of a substance that facilitates the assessment of results from laboratory tests provided the test design is orientated on the appropriate formulation of question.

If those investigations are available, they are included in the assessment of substances. These may increase the uncertainty factor, but this can only be a critical case-by-case decision.

The investigations, however, have to satisfy certain minimum requirements:

—examination of several test concentrations and untreated controls, proof of a dose–effect relationship, ability to derive the NOEC;

—exposure of several taxonomic groups over a longer period;

—analytical control of the test concentration during the experiment;

—equivalent development of controls, ability to repeat the experiments under different starting conditions; and

—use of aquatic ecological parameters as toxicological end points.

Independently of these requirements, the necessity of validation does in principle exist. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc..


In this paper, we propose that the density of the aether is a universal constant and is the same in all inertial frames of reference. We suggest that other physical phenomena, such as the speed of light, Maxwell's equations, and gravity, which are the same in all inertial frames of
 reference, behave in this manner, because they all depend on the density of the aether. We discuss the origin of mass in terms of aether displacement by subatomic particles with mass. Explanations of Newton's laws of motion, based on the aether, are given. The fundamental causes of kinetic
 energy and momentum are explained in relation to the aether. We offer an explanation for the constant speed of light. Einstein's special theory of relativity is explained in relation to the constancy of the aether density, and the famous equations in his theory are derived using basic aether
 dynamics. We suggest that aether particles are fundamental particles behaving like tiny springs as proposed by Hooke's law and be given the name aetheons. We propose the spring constant of the aetheon ultimately limits the speed of light to  c
  . This paper offers a way to link classical Newtonian physics to quantum physics.


This study proposes the Ecological Systems Model of Creativity Development, which emphasizes the dynamic relationships among 4 ecological systems, each individually representing personal characteristics, the family and school experiences, organizational environment, and the social milieu. The findings here confirm the patterns of influence of the first 3 ecological systems-namely the microsystem, the mesosystem, and the exosystem-along with that of creative ability on information technology R & D staff across software and hardware companies. The findings fully support the proposed model and strongly suggest that the 3 ecological systems tested dynamically and interactively influence R & D employees' degree of technological creativity, although the patterns of influence vary somewhat across types of companies.


Ideal MHD linear eigenvalue Conzorzio RFX — The ideal MHD linear stability normal modes and frequencies for a circular cylindrical plasma (having an arbitrary equilibrium flow) interacting with a resistive wall are calculated. Projections of the plasma displacement are expanded as finite elements, using a Galerkin approach to form the inner products. A Green's function approach is taken to couple the perturbed wall currents to the plasma surface perturbations. The standard linear form, ! A x = B x , is obtained by introducing an auxiliary variable, u = !(cid:24) + iV ·∇ (cid:24) , and an additional degree of freedom representing the perturbed current in the resistive wall. It is shown that having projections aligned with (or perpendicular to) the equilibrium magnetic field is more important for correctly calculating the slow wave part of the spectrum than having a higher order finite element expansion with non-field-aligned projections. Investigations into the effects of axial and azimuthal flows on the resistive wall mode are also presented.