Computing systems can experience interference, degradation, damage and destruction under high power microwave radiation. A high - power microwave effect test is carried out on a integrated machine by direct irradiation method. And a series of effect thresholds are obtained. The three dimensional electromagnetic simulation software CST is two softwares to simulate and analyze the high power microwave effect characteristics of the IC. The results show that the chassis power port is very sensitive, and the back feel of the power cable is coupled as the main energy coupling path. The vertical polarization of the excitation source has a greater impact on the shielded effectiveness of the chassis than other polarization directions. This study can provide guidance for the design of military computer systems against strong hospitality protection.


A 75-year-old female non-smoker was admitted for investigation of suspected interstitial lung disease. A left lower lobe transbronchial lung biopsy was performed, complicated by suspected bilateral pneumothoraces, pneumomediastinum and surgical emphysema (fig …


Bcc-like metastable powder of iron nitride can be synthesized by mechanical alloying of a mixture of elemental Fe and γ′-Fe4N powders. Its heat of formation deduced from differential scanning calorimetry is about +6.5 kJ/mol at a composition of 11 at%N. Both this value and its magnetization at room temperature are in good agreement with those of the bcc-like powder produced by ball milling of elemental Fe powder in NH3 gas atmosphere.


This list of recent acquisitions by British and Irish repositories of documents of special interest to readers of this JOURNAL is abstracted from annual returns from the collections by the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, Quality House, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, London WC2A iHP. We are grateful to the Commission for allowing us to publish it. These collections may not yet be available for research, and readers should direct their enquiries to the relevant repositories. Their addresses are available in the HMC publication Record repositories in Great Britain: a geographical directory, London 1995. This information, with much else, may also be found on the Internet via the Commission's website (http:/www.hmc.gov.uk). It is also added to the indices to the National Register of Archives (NRA), which are available for public consultation in the Commission's search room at Quality House, and via the Commission's website.


Since SARS-CoV-2 first appeared in humans, the scientific community has tried to gather as much information as possible in order to find effective strategies for the containment and treatment this pandemic coronavirus. We reviewed the current published literature on SARS-CoV-2 with an emphasis on the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in tissues and body fluids, as well as data on the expression of its input receptors on the cell surface. COVID-19 affects many organ systems in many ways. These varied manifestations are associated with viral tropism and immune responses of the infected person, but the exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood. We emphasize the broad organotropism of SARS-CoV-2, as many studies have identified viral components (RNA, proteins) in many organs, including immune cells, pharynx, trachea, lungs, blood, heart, blood vessels, intestines, brain, kidneys, and male reproductive organs. Viral components are present in various body fluids, such as mucus, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, semen and breast milk. The main SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, is expressed at different levels in many tissues throughout the human body, but its expression levels do not always correspond to the detection of SARS-CoV-2, indicating a complex interaction between the virus and humans. We also highlight the role of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system and its inhibitors in the context of COVID-19. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 has various strategies that are widely used in various tissues to evade innate antiviral immunity. Targeting immune evasion mediators of the virus can block its replication in COVID-19 patients. Together, these data shed light on the current understanding of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and lay the groundwork for better diagnosis and treatment of patients with COVID-19.


Abstract Optical transitions between conduction subbands of asymmetrical quantum-well structures can produce large second-order optical nonlinearities. In particular, it is possible to engineer asymmetrical quantum-well structures to have very large electro-optic (EO) coefficients. In this paper we study three alternative approaches to design and fabricate intersubband EO modulators, i.e. the Stark modulator, the quantum-interference (QI) modulator, and the carrier-density (CD) modulator. We show that near a given resonance the Stark modulator has the largest EO coefficient. However, the linear intersubband absorption limits the usability of this modulator to a very short device length. Far from resonance we found that the CD and the QI modulators are more efficient. Furthermore, we found that these modulators can be utilized for near-infrared modulation in the 1.3–1.5 μm spectral range. These modulators are almost unaffected by the linear intersubband absorption so that their efficiency can be very high. We present preliminary experimental results that demonstrate the operation of the QI modulator.


We extend the local convergence theory of least change secant update methods given by Martenez (Mathematics of Computation 55, 143-167, 1990) to nonlinear systems with nondifferentiable terms as studied by Zabrejko and Nguen (Numerical Functional Analysis and Optimization 9, 671-684, 1987), Chen and Yama-moto in a sequence of recent papers.


This paper presents a driving scheme for silicon opto-acoustic oscillators (OAO) by simultaneously exploiting radiation-pressure (RP) and RF feedback oscillation mechanisms to achieve significantly lower phase noise than could be realized by either phenomenon solely. A theoretical model and experimental results are presented corroborating this scheme, demonstrating a silicon OAO operating at 175 MHz with a phase noise of -128.6 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset with 2.77 dBm RF output power, resulting in a 10dB far-from-carrier phase noise improvement.


According to the existing problems in the machining process for easily deformed sheets of nonferrous metal by traditional machining methods,by analyzing the deformation during the analysis process,the fast machining method for these parts was summarized. And then the application of the machining method was introduced briefly by examples.


A B S T R A C T In debladed bean petioles calcium and dry weight increased in the abscission zone during an induction period of 14 hr. Before the microscopic appearance of the abscission layer calcium decreased in the abscission zone and increased in the petiole. Dry matter began to decrease in both the abscission zone and the petiole 24 hr after deblading. The first visual change in the cells of the abscission zone was a swelling of the pectic materials of the cell walls. This was followed by breakdown of other cell wall components, i.e., non-cellulosic polysaccharides and cellulose. The cellulose of the cell walls adjacent and distal to the abscission layer was found to be altered; however, no lignin was present during abscission layer development. The alteration of pectic materials, coupled with breakdown of cell wall components, resulted in the collapse of cells of the abscission layer just prior to separation. Auxin delayed abscission and also delayed the initial increase in calcium, the movement of calcium from the abscission zone to the petiole, and the decrease in dry weight. THE ANATOMICAL ASPECTS of leaf abscission in the bean (Brown and Addicott, 1950; Gawadi and Avery, 1950) and cotton (Hall, 1958; Leinweber and Hall, 1959) have been well defined; however, information correlating the physiological and chemical changes with anatomical changes in the abscission zone is sparse. Sampson (1918) found high levels of nitrates, reducing sugars, iron, and certain oxidative enzymes in abscission layer tissue of Coleus. He also observed that calcium moved out of the abscission zone during abscission layer formation. Eames and MacDaniels (1925) reported that the middle lamella of the abscission layer cells becomes chemically changed and possibly the cellulose secondary wall could be altered. Further, the outer layers of the wall dissolve structurally, weakening the abscission layer. This study concerns the use of histochemical and microchemical methods to investigate some of the physiological and chemical events of the abscission process in bean. The findings are correlated with the anatomical development of the abscission layer.


ABSTRACT This paper investigates how stock market investors react to non-fraudulent firms that share the same investment bank with fraudulent companies. Using a Chinese sample from the period of 2003 to 2018, we find that firms penalized for IPO or M&A fraud induce stock price declines among non-fraudulent firms which share the same investment banks (non-fraudulent contagion firms). The results also show that stock price declines are more pronounced for low-quality investment banks, and investors impose larger penalties on stock prices when non-fraudulent client firms are of lower earnings quality, weaker corporate governance, and higher information asymmetry. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the non-fraudulent contagion firms are more likely to commit accounting fraud and exhibit inferior long-term post-IPO/post-M&A performance. Overall, the findings indicate an important stock price contagion effect occurring at the investment bank level.


We think that this is the time — and timing is important — and this is the place for the new frontier and the northern vision; because if ever there was a place that needed planned growth and millions of dollars in expenditure, it is northern B.C., the Yukon, and Alaska.... The time for action is now, not ten years from now! Last week the Russian ambassador told me in a very clear way, that in the part of Russia opposite us, Russia is spending 40 per cent of all its capital expenditures. We in the U.S. and Canada cannot sit idly by and see that great economic development take place without matching it with more than words.


The effectiveness of guided imagery as an enhancement to the Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) program was explored during a shortened 8-week program using three parent groups of elementary-age students matched for parent training experience and couple participation: a) an imagery-modified STEP group (STEP-Im, n = 14); b) a traditional STEP group (STEP, n = 14); and c) a drop-out comparison group (n = 10). Guided imagery consisted of centering exercise(s) for focus and concentration; structured imagery of Adlerian concepts; and open-ended role-assumption imagery for clarifying personal values, the perspectives of others, and concept practice.


Measurements of temperatures (secondary outputs) and flows (inputs) are used to estimate product compositions (outputs) in a distillation column. The problem is characterized by strong collinearity (correlation) between temperature measurements and an ill-conditioned model from inputs to outputs. In a linear study, three estimator methods, the Kalman-Bucy filter, Brosilow's inferential estimator, and principal component regression (PCR), are tested for performance with [mu]-analysis. One can achieve remarkably good control performance with the static PCR estimator, which is almost as good as the dynamic Kalman filter. The quality of the estimate for these two estimators is improved by additional temperature measurements, although the improvement is only minor for more than about five measurements. On the other hand, the performance of the Brosilow inferential estimator may not improve by adding measurements due to sensitivity to modeling errors. For all estimators, the use of flow (input) measurements does not improve the estimator performance and does in fact damage the performance if a static estimator is used.


The picture of magnetic field is always obtained by spreading magnetic powder by hand or applying sparse arrays of magnetic needles,the methods are low-efficiency and poor repeatability.With the deepening of permanent magnet study,getting images of the magnetic field in different permanent magnet shapes and do repeated tests on the permanent magnet are in need.Based on programmable logic controller( PLC) motion control,the control and mechanical system have been built,and the software has been programmed.Accomplished the design and manufacture,the system has achieved the goal that spreading magnetic powder quickly and evenly in the appointed area.


hen the governess in The Turn of the Screw challenges the placid Mrs Grose to acknowledge Bly's sinister hinterworld, she asks the W housekeeper to take 'a view of the back of the tapestry' (78). Mrs Grose does so reluctantly; not so the tale's critical audience. Meticulously tracing out the threads, knots, weft and warp of the text's tapestry has been the business, in particular, of psychoanalytic readers who have concentrated on the character of the governess and the v ous pathologies suggested by


Phase difference measurements made with an accuracy of 5° between pairs of antennas separated by up to 150 yards in three directions (N, E, and SW) show that radio waves reflected from the ionosphere are generally not sufficiently stable in direction for any particular component to be regarded as being specular in the usual sense. It is concluded that the coherence ratio should be regarded as equal to zero except in very special one-hop cases. The equipment used for the measurements is described in general form.


Postarrival quarantine testing of a consignment of imported miniature donkeys (Equus asinus) with a duplex Taylorella equigenitalis/asinigenitalis real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay and bacteriological culture identified T asinigenitalis in one donkey stallion from the third set of samples collected at weekly intervals. Following transportation to an approved quarantine station, further testing showed the second companion donkey stallion to be additionally positive for T asinigenitalis. Daily topical treatment included the off-label application of a bovine intramammary antimicrobial preparation to the predilection sites with concurrent in-treatment sampling for qPCR to determine treatment end point. Treatment successfully eliminated colonisation with the organism in both donkey stallions within seven days. This report strongly supported multiple sampling opportunities and the inclusion of a duplex qPCR during postimportation screening. The modified treatment regimen appeared to facilitate the rapid interval to elimination of the organism and the prompt determination of treatment end point.


Bipartite networks, which model relationships between two different types of entities, are prevalent in many real-world applications. On bipartite networks, the cascading node departure undermines the networks' ability to provide sustainable services, which makes reinforcing bipartite networks a vital problem. Although network reinforcement is extensively studied on unipartite networks, it remains largely unexplored on bipartite graphs. On bipartite networks, ($\alpha, \beta$) -core is a stable structure that ensures different minimum engagement levels of the vertices from different layers, and we aim to reinforce bipartite networks by maximizing the ($\alpha, \beta$) -core. Specifically, given a bipartite network $G$, degree constraints $\alpha$ and $\beta$, budgets $b_{1}$ and $b_{2}$, we aim to find $b_{1}$ upper layer vertices and $b_{2}$ lower layer vertices as anchors and bring them into the ($\alpha, \beta$) -core s.t. the number of non-anchor vertices entering in the ($\alpha, \beta$) -core is maximized. We prove the problem is NP-hard and propose a heuristic algorithm FILVER to solve the problem. FILVER runs $b_{1}+b_{2}$ iterations and choose the best anchor in each iteration. Under a filter-verification framework, it reduces the pool of candidate anchors (in the filter stage) and computes the resulting ($\alpha, \beta$) - core for each anchor vertex more efficiently (in the verification stage). In addition, filter-stage optimizations are proposed to further reduce "dominated" anchors and allow computation-sharing across iterations. To optimize the verification stage, we explore the cumulative effect of placing multiple anchors, which effectively reduces the number of running iterations. Extensive experiments on 18 real-world datasets and a billion-scale synthetic dataset validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed techniques.


In this article terms we may use to refer to identities and the meanings of belonging in a multicultural context are considered. For this purpose, we study Stuart Hall's concept of vernacular cosmopolitism, which recognizes identities as points of suture between discourses and practices; that is, alignments between two scopes: a constitutive outside, and interiority produced by the self. On the other hand, we study the intersectionality approach, which considers that axes of social stratification are mutually organized and interconnected; therefore, identities are not built in relation to fixed groups such as class, ethnic group, nation, but as social positionalities letting the representation of multiple identities to operate simultaneously as possible.


From the perspective of technical suitability, this paper comparatively analyzed the economical thickness and suitable thickness of exterior wall thermal insulation material with the highest energy saving rate of building envelop, and attained the relationship, curves, and model of the economical thickness and suitable thickness of the insulation material. The purpose of this paper is to provide useful evidences for the energy saving of residential buildings and the optimization of the design of exterior wall, so that architectural designers could be inspired to consider the energy-saving issue of buildings from multiple angles such as economy and environment, and the optimal design scheme that is most beneficial to the environment could be created. This paper lays a theoretical basis for making investment decisions of energy saving buildings and avoiding unwise investment.


The invention character set for when the character set for the font that is not supported in the mobile phone receiving that by converting to show a string corresponding to the font to Unicode using a PC Sync function it back to the image, not supported font for that user on the Unicode character string processing method of a mobile communication terminal to confirm, when a text message is received by the mobile communication terminal notifies the received text them at the same time as storing a text message reception when the user selects a confirmation key a first step of displaying a screen, and a second Mobile communication terminal, text message, string, character set, Unicode, images


w Abstract- A fuzzyclassifier withadaptive learning of In(1), thechromosome ofGA isthusimplemented as thevolumeofnorminducing matrixisproposed inthis cascaded binary representations. In(1-2), GA calculates paper. The proposedfuzzyclassifier improvesthe thevalueoffitness function viathecombination of Gustafson-Kessel (GK)algorithm whichassumesa fixed ien volumeof the norm inducing matrix.An efficientmsclassficaton errors andtheweighting factors which approach basedongradient descent learning isproposed to meanthepenalty tothevolumeofdecision regions. recursively updatethevolumeofnorminducing matrix. Besides, a fuzzymin-maxclustering neuralnetwork Mathematical analyses andcomputer simulations aremade (FMMCNN) tolearnthedecision regions basedon toshowtheeffectiveness andefficiency oftheproposed prototype datapointswas proposedin (3-4), which fuzzy classifier. employeda unionofhyperboxes forthelearning of Keywords- fuzzy classifier, pattern recognition, decisiondecision regions. The drawbackofFMMCNN isthe region, fuzzy cmeans. overlapping problem ofdifferent classes. Toovercome it,


A specimen of the invasive mytilid mussel Brachidontes pharaonis (Fischer P., 1870) was collected on 18 April 2007 in Karaburun Peninsula, Izmir. This record represents the northernmost occurrence of the species along the Aegean coast of Turkey. Information on the distribution of the species along the Mediterranean coast of Turkey is provided.


Many biological processes are regulated by gradients of bioactive chemicals. Thus, the generation of materials with embedded chemical gradients may be beneficial for understanding biological phenomena and generating tissue‐mimetic constructs. Here a simple and versatile method to rapidly generate materials containing centimeter‐long gradients of chemical properties in a microfluidic channel is described. The formation of a chemical gradient is initiated by a passive‐pump‐induced forward flow and further developed during an evaporation‐induced backward flow. The gradient is spatially controlled by the backward flow time and the hydrogel material containing the gradient is synthesized via photopolymerization. Gradients of a cell‐adhesion ligand, Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser (RGDS), are incorporated in poly(ethylene glycol)‐diacrylate (PEG‐DA) hydrogels to test the response of endothelial cells. The cells attach and spread along the hydrogel material in a manner consistent with the RGDS‐gradient profile. A hydrogel containing a PEG‐DA concentration gradient and constant RGDS concentration is also shown. The morphology of cells cultured on such hydrogel changes from round in the lower PEG‐DA concentration regions to well‐spread in the higher PEG‐DA concentration regions. This approach is expected to be a valuable tool to investigate the cell–material interactions in a simple and high‐throughput manner and to design graded biomimetic materials for tissue engineering applications.


health crossbred Cows (Hostein×Chinese Yellow Cattle), postpartum 50~60 d and anestrus,were selected and divided into the experimental group(10)and the control group(10).The cows in the experimental group were weaned and collected blood from jugular vein 10 mL for each,7d interval till estrus,then the serum was isolated ,the treatment for the control group was the same, but without weaning.The levels of FSH, LH, E 2, P 4and PRL in the serum of cows were determined by RIA. The results were as follows: 1) The postpartum anestrus length of cows in the experimental group and control group were (69.0±7.04) d and (98.8±24.63) d respectively(p0.01). 2) The average concentration of FSH and E 2 of cows before estrus in the experimantal group was significantly high than that in the control group[(10.2±1.07)×10 -11 mol·s -1 ·mL -1 , (38.49±7.15) pg·mL -1 vs(8.90±0.75)×10 -11 mol·s -1 ·mL -1 ,(30.08±2.96) pg·mL -1 ], but the average concentration of P 4of cows before estrus in control group was significantly high than that in the experimental group[(0.044±0.001) pg·mL -1 vs (0.034±0.001) pg·mL -1 ]. The average concentration of LH and PRL of cows before estrus was no sharp difference between the experimental and the control group. 3) The reason of postpartum anestrus is not PRL but Suckle stimulation.


NEUROGENIC BLADDER IN PATIENTS WITH SLE Takahide Sugiyama, Hiro Kiwamoto, Atsunobu Esa, Young-Chol Park, Shigeo Kaneko and Takashi Kurita From the Department of Urology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka (Director: Prof. T. Kurita, M.D.) This paper reports urinary bladder dysfunction due to transverse myelopathy in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). One was a 48-year-old female with lumbago and limb numbness which developed in 1982. The symptom had never inproved and, furthermore, the patient began to complain of sensation of residual urine and difficulty of voiding. Cystometrography revealed hyperreflexia or uninhibited contraction of the bladder.. Residual urine disappeared almost completely and good control was obtained about two years after treatment with clean intermittent self-catheterization and medication. The other patient was an 18-year-old female who developed limb tremor and fever in 1983 and was diagnosed as SLE. Loss of sense of urinary fullness and difficulty of voiding developed in the patient. As a result of clean intermittent self-catheterization, the patient at present is free of pyuria and residual urine. Although uninhibited contraction of the detrusor persisted in these patients after the treatment, careful managements of micturition could keep the patients in a balanced condition, free of urinary tract infection, impermissible volume of residual urine and catheterizaton, with careful advice and training by neurourologists and well-trained paramedical staffs.


The thermodynamic stability of lanthanide ions (Eu3+, Gd3+ et Tb3+) complexes with two tetraazacyclododecane polycarboxylic ligands (DOTA and tetracarboxyethylDOTA) was studied by potentimetry. This study confirmed the important stability of this compounds and showed that the kinetic of thier formation was very slow. Several reorganisation steps involving intermediates species are necesseray to obtain the thermodynamic stable compounds. In order to characterize these complexes, luminescence and EXAFS spectroscopy studies were carried out, leading to the determination of the mean number of water molecules coordinated to the lanthanide cations. This last method, applied to complexesallowed us to precise the nature of the donor atoms that surround the metal and the corresponding binding lengths. This results have allowed us to propose a reactional mechanism for each ligand, starting from the hydrated lanthanide ion and leading in three steps to the final stable complexes.


The neural network-based Advanced Control System is applied to Samchonpo Power unit, capacity, 560㎿, 1796 ton/hr based on 177.9 KG steam pressure, CE tangentially fired(T-fired), Forced Circulation, Drum Type, Semi-Outdoor type and Balanced draft. Boiler combustion profiles change continuously due to coal quality, boiler loading, changes in slag/soot deposits, ambient conditions, and the condition of plant equipment. The system dynamically adjusts combustion setpoints and bias settings in closed-loop supervisory control to reduce NOx emissions and improve heat rate simultaneously. The unique features of the neural network-based system are its ability to empirically model non-linear data, to continually re-train in an on-line mode and to modify setpoints and bias adjustments to keep the unit continuously optimized to the desired emission and performance levels across a wide load range.


The Optical Faraday effect of rare-earth oxide glasses of n'R203+30'B203+30'Si02+20'AI203+ m'R'203 (where Rand R' denote rare-earth ions, n=20 mol% and m«20 mol%) were studied aiming toward the enhancement of the Faraday effect by the dopants Rand R' and their resonance I ines. For this purpose, magnetization dependences of the Faraday rotation angles of these glasses were studied in a wide temperature range from 4.2 K to 300 K and in a magnetic field range up to 30 T. A.c. magnetization measurements were also performed in a weak a.c. magnetic field of 0.001 T in the same temperature rang. We found 8 % enhancement of the Verdet constant of Tb oxide glass by doping only 0.3 mol% Nd (R=Tb,n=20 mol%,R'=Nd,m=0.3 mol%) in a whole wavelength range from 400 nm to 700 nm. It could be interpreted that there was a 20 times larger rotatabi I ity of Nd oxide glass in the internal magnetic field produced by the host Tb glass, than there was in the same Nd oxide glass content in a nonmagnetic material. Further, in the same conditions, a large dispersion of the Verdet constant was found at around the transition stage of Nd 3+ ion from 419/2 to 4G7I2 (wavelength 577 nm) in the host Tb ion. 1. I NTRO()UCT I ON The Optical Faraday effect of some rare-earth ions have been extensively studied by J. Becquerel. He clarified the wavelength, temperature and magnetic susceptibil ity dependences of the rotatabil ity of these ions. Recently, The Bell Telephone Laboratory group investigated isotropic phosphate glass [1] and borate glass [2] matrices of almost all the trivalent rare-earth ions for Faraday effects at room temperature. They found a simple dependence of the Verdet constant on the magnetic susceptibi I ity change with in the magnetic ion concentration and the ambient temperature. It was also clarified that the relative magnetic rotatabi I ity among the rare-earth ions was not classified only by their magnetic susceptibi I ities (because the Faraday rotations are determined not only by their intern·al magnetic fields) but also by the joint transition probabilities of electric and magnetic dipole transitions. Namely, the magnetic susceptibi I ity of each ion determines only the internal magnetic fields acting on the electrons included in this phenomena. In this study, we investigated the Faraday effect on rare-earth oxide glasses composed of borate, si I icate and aluminate admixtures as shown by n'R203+30'B203+30'Si04+20'AI203+ m'R'203' aiming at their enhancement by doping the other trivalent rare-earth ions, especially at their resonance lines. Here, B203 and Si04 were included as glass formers and AI 203 was for the glue material to reenforce mechanical strengths. To clarify the relation between the Faraday effect and the magnetizations of these glasses and the effect of the dopants, the following properties were studied: (1) The magnetization dependences of the rotation angles in the magnetic fields up to 10 T and in a temperature range from 4.2 K to 300 K. (2) The temperature dependences of a.c. magnetizations in a weak magnetic field of 0.001 T to know the influence of the dilution range around 20 mol% on the dopants, and as the final object of this study, (3) The dispersions of the Verdet constant at the resonance I ines of. trivalent rare-earth ions doped in the glass, to expect the enhancement of the total Faraday effects.


If a higher derivative theory arises from a transformation of variables that involves time derivatives, a tailor-made Hamiltonian formulation is shown to exist. The details and advantages of this elegant Hamiltonian formulation, which differs from the usual Ostrogradsky approach to higher derivative theories, are elaborated for mechanical systems and illustrated for simple examples. Both a canonical space and a set of constraints emerge naturally from the transformation rule for the variables. In other words, the setting for quantization and the procedure for eliminating instabilities arise naturally.


The enigmatic megamouth shark is a rare occurrence in both Recent oceans and in the fossil record. A temporary construction site in the city of Antwerp (NW Belgium) gave the opportunity to study the poorly known early Miocene Kiel Sand Member of the Berchem Formation. In this Burdigalian deposit, a previously unknown fossiliferous horizon with Glycymeris and Cyrtodaria was sampled which contained a single Megachasma tooth. This specimen, attributed to Megachasma aff. pelagios by its resemblance with extant M. pelagios, is the first in situ record from un-reworked strata in Belgium. Only around a dozen fossil Megachasma teeth have been reported from Europe. It is concluded that a circumglobal megamouth population existed during the Burdigalian. Some evolutionary remarks are made.


The efficiency potential of chalcopyrite and kesterite solar cells including CIGSe (CuInGaSe2), CIGS (CuInGaS2), CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4) and CZTSSe [Cu2ZnSn(S,Se )4] solar cells is discussed based on external radiative efficiency (ERE), open-circuit voltage loss, fill factor loss, non-radiative recombination and resistance loss. CIGSe cells achieve efficiency potential of 26.8% and 27.5% by improving the ERE from around 1% to 10% and 20%, respectively. CIGS and CZTS(Se) cells achieve the efficiency potential of 25% and 22%, respectively, by improvement in ERE from around 1 × 10−4% to 3%–5%. The effects of non-radiative recombination and resistance loss upon the properties of wide-bandgap CIGSe, CIGS and CZTS(Se) cells are discussed. In the case of wide-bandgap CIGSe cells, lattice mismatching between the buffer layer and CIGSe active layer and deep-level defects are thought to originate from non-radiative recombination loss. CIGS and CZTS(Se) cells are shown to have lower ERE and higher resistance loss compared to that of CIGSe cells.


Heparan sulfate (HS) chains of proteoglycans (PG) are major components of pericellular and extracellular matrices. They regulate transport, gradient formation and effector functions of >250 proteins central to animal cell communication: contrasting mechanisms proposed for this range from cyclic protein-HS association/dissociation to protein sequestration by HS that requires enzymatic liberation. Previous measurements averaging across large numbers of protein molecules interacting with HS do not resolve these explanations. To address this, we stoichiometrically labelled single molecules of archetypal HS-binding morphogen, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) with gold nanoparticles and used photothermal heterodyne imaging to track individual molecules in the pericellular matrix. We show individual FGF2 molecules undergo mainly local motion in the matrix (~65 nm radius) from which they can escape by diffusion (slow, fast or directed). Similar molecular motion persists when membrane PG movement is impeded by cell fixation: this shows FGF2 can slide along >10 successive HS chains driven by thermal energy and the observed heterogeneously located binding sites on HS chains. We conclude morphogen transport in pericellular matrix involves multiple mechanisms: sliding along HS chains, local transfer between binding sites on neighbouring chains and diffusion of the PG core protein within the membrane, which can be cytoskeleton driven


Software testing consumes a large percentage of total software development costs. Yet, it is still usually performed manually in a non rigorous fashion. While techniques, and limited automatic support, for the generation of test data from the actual code of the system under test have been well researched, test cases generation from a high level speci cation of the intended behaviour of the system being developed has hardly been addressed. In this thesis we present a rationale for using tests derived from high level formal speci cations and then set to nd an e cient technique for the generation of adequate test sets from speci cations written in our study language, VDM-SL. In this work, we formalise the traditional high level partitioning technique used in a previously researched test cases generator prototype, and extend it to take the semantics of VDM-SL fully into account. We then discuss, and illustrate, the shortcomings of the technique as used, which results in too few tests being generated and potentially large sections of a speci cation not employed by the test generation process. Another strand of research, based on test generation from Z predicates, is examined and extended using our formalism to include quanti ed expressions and other, more complex, constructs of formal speci cation languages. We then show that this more re ned technique complements the previous work and that their combination should allow the generation of adequate test sets from formal speci cations. Using our formalism, we illustrate that to synthesise pragmatically the two techniques, one must nd heuristics for the detection of redundant test cases. We present our central heuristic, justi ed using probabilities, based on the independence of some divisions of the input domain of the system under test, which allows the contraction of test sets without impairing their likelihood of revealing an error in the system under test. Finally, we propose a technique for the e cient generation of adequate test cases. Acknowledgements I wish to thank Dr. Ivor Spence, my supervisor, for his help and patience during the course of this work. I would also like to thank Mr. John Clark and Prof. John McDermid of the university of York for allowing me to pursue my work while being employed on one of their projects. This work was partially funded in its rst year by the SERC (grant number 92313295). It was generously funded by a EU Human Capital and Mobility grant (number ERBCHB CT93 0328) for two years. Prof. Maurice Clint and the department of computer science at Queen's at large, must be thanked for their e orts in obtaining this latest grant. Finally, I am indebted to my wife, Tracey, and my son Mikael for putting up with me during di cult times and encouraging me all the way. i To the memory of my parents. ii


Objective:To investigate the operative safety and skills of laparoscopic hysterectomy of large uterus by using bipolar coagulation.Methods:The clinical data of 78 cases whose uterus were bigger than twelve gestational age uterus and underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy from Jan.2006 to Dec.2007.The location of laparoscope was at least 3-4cm above the fundus of uterus.The most crucial step was the treatment to adnexa and uterine blood vessels.Results:All laparoscopic operations(78 cases) were performed successfully and no severe operative complications were noticed except for 2 cases of remnant vaginal end inflammation.The average operative time and the intraoperative blood loss were 112min(88-136min) and 158ml(60-266ml) respectively.The average postoperative hospital stay was(5.1±0.9)days.No severe postoperative complication was found in all cases during the 6-month follow-up.Conclusions:Total laparoscopic hysterectomy for large uterus is safe and feasible by using bipolar coagulation,and does not increase operative risk and incidence of complications,when suitable laparoscopic location is selected and treatments of adnexa and uterine vessels are well performed.The operator having rich laparoscopic operative experience is the most important.


A 44-year-old woman was admitted to hospital because of malaise, fever and night sweats of 3 months duration; menorrhagia occurred a week before admission. Physical examination showed only moderate splenomegaly. Blood examination showed pancytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation and increased lactate dehydrogenase. Liver and renal function tests were normal. A computerized tomography (CT) scan of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis showed multiple soft tissue attenuation masses in both kidneys (left; arrows). Renal lesions were initially thought to be of infectious origin: the patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics but the symptoms persisted. Bone marrow biopsy and uterine curettage were diagnostic of Hodgkin's disease of the mixed cellularity type. The patient was then treated with the ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) protocol with prompt symptomatic recovery. An abdominal CT scan after three cycles of chemotherapy showed complete resolution of renal lesions (right). Renal involvement in Hodgkin's disease is a very uncommon event, documented in < 1% of patients at diagnosis; however, such a possibility should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of a patient with fever of unknown origin and multiple renal lesions.


The relationship between government and single sports associations was discussed through literature study and political theory.It was pointed out that function of event management should be replaced by single sports associations because it was more efficient.In order to prevent failure of the third sector,government should supervise and manage single sports association.Meanwhile,single sports associations may supervise and restrict the government in case of power abuse and corruption.


Quantitative attribution of changes in streamflow due to the non-linear relationship between climate change (CC) and land cover/land use change (LCLUC) in a hydrological system of the Yangtze River Source Region (YZSR) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) was measured. A combination of the SWAT model and a statistical technique known as One Factor At a Time (OFAT) and Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) was carried out to achieve the study objectives. The hydro-climatic data from 1961-2016 and land cover/land use data of 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 were used. The results revealed that changes in annual streamflow during 1985-1990 were contributed by CC (+11.4 mm) and LCLU (+9.4 mm), accounting for 54.8 % and 45.2 % of the total combined impact of +20.7 mm. A more dominant effect of CC than LCLU also occurred for the periods between 1995 and 2000, 2000 and 2005, 2005 and 2010, 2010 and 2015, where CC and LCLU contributed to increasing the annual streamflow of 5.9 mm and 0.3 mm, respectively. However, a different pattern was observed in 1990-1995 where changes in streamflow were mainly attributed to LCLU rather than CC. It was observed that major LCLUC were found in 1990-1995 where low grassland decreased (-13,353 km2), bare land increased (+9,048 km2), medium grassland increased (+2,485 km2), water increased (+1,391 km2), high grassland increased (+2,329 km2), and wetland decreased (-1,927 km2). The ITA results showed that there is a rise in temperature, precipitation, and streamflow monotonically in the second half (1990-2016) as compared to the first half (1961-1989). In addition, it was found that temperature and precipitation were positively correlated (P<0.05) in high flow months (July and August), whereas negatively correlated in low flow months (November-March). The results of SWAT model simulation showed that CC (i.e. warmer climate) is the primary source of variations in streamflows of the Yangtze River Source Region.


The invention discloses a vacuum active brazing process for a C/SiC or C/C composite material and metal, which belongs to the technical field of connection of heterostructure materials. The process comprises the following steps of: respectively pretreating a composite material, brazed material and an active brazing material and then placing the active brazing material between the brazed composite material and the metal; vertically applying seal pressure; and then placing a workpiece to be brazed into a vacuum brazing furnace to carry out vacuum brazing. When a difference of the composite material and a metal thermal expansion coefficient is larger, the seal stress is relieved by clamping a metal transition layer between double layers of brazing materials. The invention has the characteristics that by carrying out high-temperature vacuum heat treatment on the composite material, the condition that a volatile matter of the composite material influences the seal quality of the brazing material during vacuum brazing is prevented; the active brazing material and the composite material directly generate physical and chemical reaction, and the gas tightness is good; the seal stress is released by the plastic deformation of transition metal, and the connecting strength is high.


In this article, an event‐triggered constrained optimal tracking control algorithm using integral reinforcement learning (IRL) is developed. First, the constrained optimal tracking control problem is transformed into an optimal regulation problem by employing an augmented system with a discounted value function. Then, IRL is introduced to solve the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation, where the drift dynamics and reference dynamics are not required. The learning of neural network weights is event‐triggered and there is no restriction on the initial control to be admissible. The involvement of event‐triggering mechanism alleviates the pressure of data transmission on the network to some extent, which is suitable for control systems with limited computational and communication resources. Moreover, the nonexistence of Zeno behavior and the stability of the impulsive system are proved, respectively. Finally, the application of the algorithm on a mass‐spring‐damper system verifies its effectiveness.


s: Since Han Dynasty, it has been a great difficulty in finding out a way of "short interlude between verses" in humane poems, which can stand side by side with the way of "Fu" and Bi". That is an important case of the loss of artistic methods in the history of literature. Where is the way of "Xing"? The main function of "Xing" is not its aspect of poem but its music, not its aspect of meaning but its formation. It is a kind of guide and transition, to the singers. It plays a role of regulating the tunes, building the rhythms and fermenting emotions, etc. To the listeners, it plays a role of arousing their emotions and relevant psychological rhythms so as to hear well. After the division of the poem and music, the way of "Xing" went with music, and developed to be the short interlude between verses in late music. "Xing" is the original pattern of interlude while the interlude is the modern form of "Xing".


Purpose – This paper seeks to review literature on environmental safeguards for five selected multilateral financial institutions (MFIs) with the objective of verifying whether their environmental safeguards have been updated with climate change elements, and whether they have adopted specific climate change strategies for their investment portfolios.Design/methodology/approach – The methodology set for this review was based on a set of descriptive criteria. These included content reviews on MFIs existing safeguards or formal environmental guidelines, the extent of incorporation of climate change to guidelines text, and overarching strategies adopted to address climate change.Findings – Generally, the environmental safeguards reviewed have minimally discussed formal considerations of climate change issues. Although environmental safeguards continue to play vital roles in bank operations, it generally remains traditional with minimal adjustments to formally include climate change. Nevertheless, all the ban...


The Marle-Guillemin-Sternberg (MGS) form is local model for a neighborhood of an orbit of a Hamiltonian Lie group action on a symplectic manifold. One of the main features of the MGS form is that it puts simultaneously in normal form the existing symplectic structure and momentum map. The main drawback of the MGS form is that it does not have an explicit expression. We will obtain a MGS form for cotangent- lifted actions on cotangent bundles that, in addition to its defining features, respects the additional fibered structure present. This model generalizes previous results obtained by T. Schmah for orbits with fully-isotropic momentum. In addition, our construction is explicit up to the integration of a differential equation on $G$. This equation can be easily solved for the groups $SO(3)$ or $SL(2)$, thus giving explicit symplectic coordinates for arbitrary canonical actions of these groups on any cotangent bundle.


Radiation heat transfer requires no medium, so energy lost is minimal. Infrared wave band is used for heating. However, radiative heating has limitation on the penetration depth. It infiltrated only a few millimetres into an object. IR drying can be used for thin layer drying. Continuous IR drying was an ideal process to use in drying. A pilot continuous IR drying tunnel was constructed. CFD model was used to generate the image of temperature profile of a moving belt which no other mean of temperature measurement can be pursued. The model was compared to measuring points for validation. The result was fair. By varying the IR heating power and speed of the belt, many scenarios can be used to find the optimum condition for drying.


The present paper made an attempt to examine the public-private sectors of higher education1 in Himachal Pradesh. After opening the economy to the private sector in 1991, Government of India gradually opened more sectors to private investment. Higher education has recently been opened to private investment including the foreign private investment. This decision has far-reaching implications for higher education in India including Himachal Pradesh. In fact, the public sector higher education institutions also allowed running the self-financed courses. The main objective was to reduce the financial burden of higher education on the public exchequer.


groups which, when ionized, bear a negative charge. This charge is normally a function of the pH of the buffer used for separation. The negatively charged wall attracts cations from the buffer, creating an electrical double layer. When voltage is applied, cations in the diffuse portion of the gradient migrate toward the cathode, carrying the buffer along. The result is a net flow of buffer solution in the direction of the cathode. This electroosmotic flow (EOF) is low at low pH and reaches its maximum at about pH 11. Other parameters also influence the EOF, such as viscosity of the buffer, ionic strength of the buffer, applied voltage, and dielectric constant of the buffer. When performing capillary separations with fused silica, particularly at low pH, differences can be obs e rved in migration time. These differences can be due to surface chemistry and surface heterogeneity. Differences may occur using the same capillary, the same capillary batch, or from batch to batch. Interactions also exist between the capillary wall, the buffer, and the sample, as if the capillary wall had a memory effect or hysteresis effect.


A 6-year-old child had a nephrectomy for nephroblastoma followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with actinomycin D and vincristine. He died of metastatic disease 13 months after the operation. Autopsy showed a diffuse glomerulosclerosis in the remaining kidney which is attributed to the postoperative therapy.


The present invention, in the activation of hypoxia-inducible gene expression by inactivation of hypoxia-inducible factor hydroxylase relates elucidation of specific molecular features of endogenous 2-oxo acid molecules and derivatives thereof. The present invention induces tissue angiogenesis, and treating anemia, induce tolerance to stroke and heart attack, improve tissue healing, for identifying a substance that can be used to improve organ transplantation. .FIELD 1


A three-dimensional water vapor tomography algorithm is presented.The precise point positioning method is used to obtain the tropospheric slant water vapor.Then COSMIC occultation data is exploited to calculate the water vapor density to be used as initial values in the tomography iteration procedure.Afterwards,the inversion of three-dimensional water vapor is conducted using a fitting method of the Gaussian weighted distance.GPS datasets collected in Hong Kong on three days and the corresponding COSMIC occultation data are used for the algorithm test.RMS statistical value for differences between SWV derived from PPP and SWV derived by tomography is better than 0.87 mm.Comparing the water vapor density by tomography with that derived by the Radiosonde sounding data,their differences are typically below 1.1 g/m3,which demonstrates the feasibility of the presented three-dimensional tomography algorithm.


The ionization of acetylacetone in water can be regarded as two separate processes, (1) enolization, (2) ionization. The heat of the overall process has been measured. ΔHT=+3·549 ± 0·005 kcal./mole. Values of ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS for processes (1) and (2) have been derived. The heat of the overall process in 50% water–dioxan has also been determined; ΔH=+2·95 ± 0·04 kcal./mole.


E-cadherin promoter hypermethylation may contribute to protein inactivation in pterygium Abstract Background Our recent reports indicated that the molecular changes of pterygium are like tumor cells. We assume that pterygium may have this similar mechanism in oncogenesis. Some studies have revealed that E-cadherin associated protein expression decreases in many tumors and pterygium. It may be a marker for tumor metastasis and prognosis. However, there were limited studies examining the reason for E-adhesion protein inactivation in pterygium. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the association of E-cadherin promoter hypermethylation with protein inactivation in pterygium tissues. Material and Method The E-cadherin methylation-status and the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin protein were studied using methylation-specific PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively on 120 pterygial specimens and 30 normal conjunctivas. Result There were 79 (65.8%) pterygial specimens positive for E-cadherin protein expression and 41 (34.2%) specimens were negative. The E-cadherin staining was limited to the membrane of the epithelial layer. Hypermethylation of E-cadherin gene promoter was detected in 32 (26.7%) of the 120 pterygial specimens. There was a reverse correlation between E-cadherin gene promoter hypermethylation and E-cadherin protein expression (p<0.0001). In the E-cadherin negative group, aberrant localization of β-catenin was higher. Conclusion Our study demonstrates E-cadherin gene promoter hypermethylation suppresses the expression of E-cadherin protein. Moreover, loss of E-cadherin protein may contribute to aberrant localization of β-catenin. These data provide evidence that methylation exists in pterygium and may play a role in the development of pterygium.


An analysis of the severe condition and problems of fire prevention in rural areas,and an exploration are made about fire prevention in Jincheng City,Shanxi Province as an example of doing a good job of fire prevention in the countryside.The paper also puts forward some suggestions and measures about it.


By the call of the whole society to the good faith,there is the unanimous voice of the establishment of good faith in our country's civil procedure at present.But to the party,Chinese present lawsuit structure seems not to reach party's leading intensity yet.It lacks the foundation to set up good faith principle when the party's right of disposal and argument were not ensured as good as the people's will.These can be made out by the analysis of the environment governed by law of our country,legal principle foundation that it is established,characteristic of civil procedure itself and the comparative analysis of the civil law,etc.And this principle is unsuitable to command the operation of the whole civil procedure


A new accurate internal temperature prediction model of T-type inverter module is proposed, considering the electro-thermal coupling effect and the correction of the boundary conditions in the finite element analysis. With high accuracy and reliability, it has a good application prospect using to study the influence of multiple physical fields on the junction temperature in actual operation. In this paper, power loss analysis is first presented based on the T-type power module topology. Then the steady-state and dynamic prediction models of the junction temperature is demonstrated based on the finite-element method (FEM) and the Cauer and Foster thermal-impedance, respectively. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the accuracy of temperature prediction of the two thermal models.


Immunotoxicology is the study of adverse effects on the immune system resulting from occupational, inadvertent, or therapeutic exposure to drugs, environmental chemicals, and, in some instances, biological materials. For the purpose of this chapter, we refer to these substances collectively as "xenobiotics." Immunotoxicity is subdivided into three main research areas: (a) studies of altered immunological events associated with exposure of humans and animals to xenobiotics, including altered host resistance to infectious disease; (b) studies of allergy and autoimmunity resulting from xenobiotic exposure; and (c) implementation of analytical immunological methods into toxicology research. This chapter focuses only on chemical induced immunomodulation and describes several classes of irnmunotoxic xenobiotics, emphasizing cellular and molecular targets. Laboratory studies, conducted primarily in rodents, have provided evi dence that the immune system is very sensitive to chemical injury (reviewed in 1-6). This sensitivity is probably due as much to the general properties of a xenobiotic (e.g. reactivity with macromolecules) as to the complex nature of the immune system, which encompasses antigen recognition and processing;


The present invention relates to a network system, the shunt means and the user identification information obtaining method shunt device. The network system comprising: a plurality of base stations, each base station communicating with the mobile station; core network, comprising one or more gateways, each gateway in communication with the plurality of base stations; a plurality of shunt devices, each shunt means are disposed between the base station and the gateway, each shunt device acts as an anchor gateway, the anchor point, to transmit traffic to the shunt or bypass the network traffic received from the splitter to split the network, and each shunt device acts as a gateway relay point, at a relay point, the anchor and the plurality of base stations for relaying communication between a base station to a mobile station and a traffic diversion; control station for controlling between the mobile station and the gateway service; and one or more listening devices, each listening device listening all traffic between the control station and the gateway.


Rapid simulation of element level time series for bistatic sonars requires quality approximations in order to yield accurate results in real time. Here rapid physics‐based time series approximations based on closed form expressions for reverberation intensity developed by Harrison [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 2744 (2003)] are developed for boundary reverberation and target scattering in shallow water waveguides. The simulations include Doppler and waveguide angle and time dispersion effects, and since the simulations are at the element level, they can be processed like real data. Simulations are compared to reverberation predictions obtained with more accurate but slower codes showing good agreement.


from the journal article) 1 Organization and Components of Psychomotor Ability 2 Definition 2 What is known about psychomotor abilities? 2 The Latent-Structure Approach to Psychomotor Ability 3 Psychomotor Tasks and Fleishman's Taxonomy 3 Cognitive Ability 4 Time estimation • 4 Processing speed 5 Repeated testing 5 Method 5 Participants 5 Apparatus • 5 Procedure 6 General administration • • 6 Psychomotor tests: general 6 Psychomotor tests: Control Precision 7 Psychomotor tests: Multi-limb coordination 8 Psychomotor tests: Rate Control 10 Psychomotor tests: Response Orientation 11 Extended Practice • • 12 General intellectual ability 13 Specific information-processing battery 15 Results ' Descriptive Statistics on Tests • 16 Viability of Fleishman's Taxonomy 16 Learning Effects 18 Regression of Psychomotor on Cognitive Factors 19 Analysis of the Cognitive Variables Alone : 19 Forming Composites for Conducting the Regression Analysis 20 Psychomotor-on-Cognitive Regression Analysis 21 Varying the Identity of the Cognitive Factors 22 Varying the Identity of the Psychomotor Factors 22 One vs. Two Pass Estimates of Regression Coefficients 22 The Changing Nature of Psychomotor Ability with Practice 24 Discussion • 26 The Small Dimensionality of the Psychomotor Abilities Space 26 The role of g (or working memory) in psychomotor ability 27 The role of time estimation in psychomotor ability 28 Unique aspects of psychomotor ability 29 The changing nature of psychomotor skill with practice : 29 Future Research 29 References 30 Authors Note 33 Appendix Archival Tables (W1-W8) from the website archive 34


The article studies religious experience as a form of transcendental experience. The author attempts to identify and describe the specifics of linguistic expression of shaman's religious experience. It has been found, that the information received by the subject of religious experience is figurative, symbolic, metaphorical.


Ridge regression was originally introduced by Hoerl and Kennard (1970) to deal with collinearity issue in linear regression in the presence of highly correlated covariates. It solves l2 penalized l...


ABSTRACTA developmental model of conducting a time-limited, short-term inpatient psychotherapy group is described. The therapist's primary goal in this model is to promote members' awareness of their dysfunctional interpersonal behaviors and the conflicts underlying these behaviors. The therapist pursues this goal by facilitating the group in resolving the conflicts of the four phases through which the group passes. In Phase I, the group addresses conflicts related to the establishment of trust. In Phase II, issues related to dependency wishes focused upon authority figures occupy the group's attention. In Phase III, conflicts within peer relation-ships become focal. In Phase IV as the group approaches termination, group members explore feelings related to the acceptance of loss. For each phase, optimal therapist interventions are described.


Meso - tetra - (4 - decanoyloxyphenyl) porphyrin zinc complex ( TDPPZn ) was synthesized and characterized through elementel analysis, UV - visible spectrum,HNMR and molar conductance. The behavior and structure of TDPPZn were established by polarization microscopy and differential scanning calorimerials (DSC). The results show that TDPPZn exhibits liquid crystal behavior, have a lower temperature for liquid crystal phase change( - 14. 55℃ ) and broad mesophase range( 140. 55 ℃ ) .


Recently, the iterative adaptive approach (IAA) has been widely applied to enhance the azimuth resolution of real beam mapping (RBM) imagery. However, the IAA suffers from extremely high computational complexity in practice. This paper proposes a Split IAA for sparse scene to reduce the complexity. First, the IAA cost function is decomposed. Then the echo data is split into blocks, and the iterative model is redefined according to the target block and its corresponding cost function. Consequently, the high-dimensional data inversion problem is decomposed into multiple low-dimensional sub-problems to achieve fast super-resolution imaging. The measured results show that the proposed Split IAA significantly reduces the computational complexity without affecting super-resolution performance.


The effectiveness of five sampling methods was evaluated empirically to determine the thematic accuracy of six-class vegetation maps of two study areas in the Okefenokee Swamp produced by computer-assisted supervised classification of Landsat TM data. An exhaustive survey of the two study areas permitted estimates of overall, user's, and producer's accuracies to be made by each sampling method. The spatial pattern of classification errors was also examined with the aid of spatial autocorrelation analysis. By comparing Kappa coefficients of agreement among error matrices generated by the different sampling methods and by applying Chi-square tests, the stratified random sampling method was found to perform best for thematic accuracy evaluation in a swampy environment where vegetation exhibited a mixture of simple and complex spatial patterns. The higher spatial resolution of the image data employed to produce the vegetation map tended to cause stronger positive spatial autocorrelation in the resultant map error pattern.


Lowerlimbblood flow, oxygenuptake, andfemoral vein 02 content were measured at restandduring maximal bicycle exercise, performed with twolegs andoneleg, infour normal subjects andinfive patients with severecongestive heart failure. Whileinnormal subjects femoral veinblood flowandlower limbvascular conductance were significantly greater during one-leg exercise than during two-leg exercise (6084 + 745vs5370+ 803ml/min, p < .05, and52.3 8.0vs45.1+ 8.2 U x 1o3, p < .05, respectively), inpatients with severecongestive heart failure these values were similar during thetwoforms ofexercise (1082 ± 459vs1053 ± 479m/minand9.6 ± 3.7vs9.4+ 3.5U x 103, respectively). Infive additional patients, one-leg maximal bicycle exercise was per- formed before andafter administration ofphentolamine into thefemoral arteryoftheactive leg. Regional a-adrenergic blockade withphentolamine didnotalter maximal oxygen uptake attained during one-leg bicycle exercise (9.8 ± 1.5 vs10.3 ± 1.9ml/kg). Lowerlimbblood flowandfemoral vein 02 content attained during maximal one-leg exercise werealso similar before andafter phentol- amine. Thus, incontrast withnormal subjects, patients with severecongestive heart failure wereunable tofurther increase limbblood flowduring one-leg bicycle exercise. Moreover, local a-adrenergic blockade does notaugmentblood flow totheactive limbduring maximal one-leg bicycle exercise. This suggests that theability ofthemuscular vasculature tovasodilate during exercise isimpaired andmay bealimiting factor tomaximal exercise capacity insuchpatients. Circulation 74, No. 2, 245-251, 1986. PATIENTSwithcongestive heart failure, whencom- pared withnormal subjects, haveareduced metabolic arteriolar vasodilative response after restoration of flowtoanischemic limb.1 Theyalso donothavean adequate increase inforearm blood flowinresponse to rhythmic handgrip exercise ofincreasing intensity.2 Thus, aninability oftheperipheral muscle vasculature todilate appropriately during dynamic exercise maybe alimiting factor tomaximal exercise capacity inpa- tients withsevere congestive heart failure. Innormal subjects, during graded exercise involv- ing40%ormoreofthetotal muscle mass,suchas bicycling withtwolegs, maximal functional capacity, i.e., oxygenuptake, islimited bytheability ofthe heart toincrease its output. Incontrast, whengraded exercise involves asmaller percentage ofthetotal mus-


The epidemiology of stroke may be changing over time as a result of a number of factors, including an aging population and advances in the prevention and treatment of stroke. Epidemiological indicators and research of stroke have great significance in estimating the impact of this disease on the population. Such research states the distribution of this illness and factors by which it is influenced, follows short-term and long-term consequences, as well as socio-economic burden of stroke for the whole community. Data on stroke prevalence is important for creating the right strategies for health care in a specific area. Stroke-related mortality in any population is dependent upon three main factors: the incidence of stroke in the population, quality of medical care available, and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and comorbidities that can affect the likelihood of surviving stroke events. The quality of medical care available influences both the number of individuals suffering from stroke and the proportion of case-fatality among them. Epidemiological data shows that stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability in most industrialized populations, and the same is true for Croatia. The existing system of health care for stroke patients does not meet the needs and is not in accordance with latest trends in developed countries. Hence, there is a need for its reorganization and design of the national project for stroke prevention and treatment similar to those in European countries with favorable epidemiological data.


ABSTRACT This paper measures with a novel methodology the amount of agrarian ground rent intersectoral transfers in Uruguay and its relative weight in the national amount of surplus value during the period 1955-2019. In order to this, the paper identifies the mechanisms through which ground rent is transferred from landowners to industrial and commercial capitals. The main results show that agrarian ground rent transfers, in particular through exchange rate overvaluation, was a recurring mechanism that has been central for capital accumulation. These transfers complement the surplus value appropriated by individual capitals, however, at the same time, consolidate the rentier nature of Uruguay due to the chronic overvaluation of exchange rate.


This study empirically and comparatively analyses the insurance companies and commercials banks' investment portfolios and their contributions to economic growth in Nigeria. The study covers the period from 1996 to 2011. The secondary data collected for the study were presented in tables and graphs. A multiple linear regression method was adopted to test the research hypotheses. An ex-post facto research design was adopted in the study. The findings were that there is a positive but no significant relationship between government securities, stock of bond, real estate and mortgage, policy and other loans, cash deposits, bills of exchange of insurance companies and economic growth in Nigeria. This implies that investment portfolios of insurance companies do not contribute significantly to economic growth in Nigeria within the period under study. Also, there is a significant relationship between ordinary shares, preference shares, debentures, subsidiaries, other investments, total investments of commercial banks and economic growth in Nigeria. This implies that investment portfolios of commercial banks do contribute significantly to economic growth in Nigeria within the period under study. Recommendations were that insurance companies in Nigeria should increase their investments on government securities, real estate and mortgage, policy and other loans, as well as cash at hand and deposits for more feasible contribution to the economic growth in Nigeria. Also, commercial banks in Nigeria should also channel their investment efforts on other subsidiaries and debentures for more realistic contribution to the economic growth in Nigeria among others.


To control temperature field changes and surface microstructure transformation of intermediate billet of SUF(Surface layers with Ultra Fine grains) steel,using Abaqus simulation software,FEM model of cooling process for Q345A intermediate billet in two stages of rolling was built,and the evolution of temperature field in a rapid cooling and tempering process was simulated.The distribution of transient temperature field and the temperature-time curve of billet surface and center was obtained.The simulated results are in good accordance with practical test results.Besides,the effects of water cooling time on temperature field of billet cross-section were studied.The results can offer a theoretical foundation for investigating the depth of ultra-fine layerand the grain refinement mechanism.


Many companies struggle with problems caused by bad usability of their products although they have invested in human-centered design (HCD). Their processes may still lack a systematic approach, adequate knowledge, and clear definition of responsibilities in HCD. This article describes a study successfully integrating HCD process into the stage-gate development model of a large company in the automation industry. The research methods included usability maturity assessment, participant observation, interviews, and a period of piloting selected HCD methods in a product development project. As a result, the development model was revised to systematically include activities of human-centered design. All development projects are now divided into three categories based on their usability criticality and the process ensures certain activities during the life cycle. Also the central usability group the company already had was divided into two functions: managing usability and assisting in design issues.


H of modernity always give photography a central place. But it is not always the same place, nor always part of the same history. And as that history—those histories—change, the significance assigned photography changes too. One measure of the enduring, elusive importance of the medium is our compulsive return to these compelling questions—our return to photographs, those selfevident, inscrutable, uncanny cultural others. The essays in this special issue of Ninteenth-Century Contexts testify to the continuing (and growing) interest in nineteenth-century photography. They also suggest the diversity of that interest, the range of issues post-modern culture continues to find in what Nancy Armstrong terms "the age of photography." To begin with, there is the very question of that historical position: in what framework is photography central—to what sort of history does it belong? Armstrong's essay for this volume locates its emergence within a Benjaminian age of mechanical reproduction. Yet her interest in the affiliation of photography and fiction suggests another kind of context, which Jennifer Green-Lewis calls (in the title of her recent book) the culture of realism. Still, Green-Lewis's essay in this collection considers photography in relation to a larger nineteenthcentury concern with memory and oblivion; my essay treats it in terms of the nineteenth-century practice of social investigation. Garrett Stewart, examining photography in a backward glance through the technologies and thematics of cinema, modifies all these historical approaches into a more post-modern archeology that recovers (or rediscovers) the photograph as the (repressed) "pictogram" of film. And Alan Trachtenberg questions the recourse to history as such in his exploration of "the stories of a daguerreotype,"


Late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive of all potato diseases and is recorded as responsible for the famous global famine in the middle of the 19th century in Ireland. It affects leaves, stems and tubers in the field and can absolutely destroy the crop producing up to 100% crop loss. Jos Plateau is noted for favourable cultivation of potato which is an economic crop grown in over 250,000 hectares of land area annually. However, this prospect is hindered by the ravaging late blight which has led to colossal losses in the past three years. Reports from current production suggests great loss has already been recorded this year; so far about 30% of the total harvest is lost due to the severity of the disease. Though farmers attempt to control late blight by spraying fungicides, the use of resistant varieties in combination with other control measures such as proper cultural management and growing potato outside the blight danger period is still the best approach and feasible to small scale farmers. A research was carried out in Kuru (a location in Jos-Plateau well noted for late blight attacks). Sixteen (16) advance varieties and clones from CIP were used to screen for their resistance


In the present paper lactose content of 392 milk samples from 200 mothers were examined and the following 10 questions were studied. 1. As to the human milk lactose content according to the inten-sity of Arakawa's reaction, human milk positive to Arakawa's reaction (7.64g/dl Cf. Table 5) is generally higher in lactose content than the Arakawa-negative milk (6.97g/dl). And lactose content of Arakawa-negative milk fluctuates in a wider range than that of Ara-kawa-positive milk. 2. Monthly variation of lactose content shows that it is slightly lower in cold seasons than in other seasons both in Arakawa-positive and -negative milks. But the seasonal difference itself is not so large as the difference between Arakawa-positive and -negative milks. 3. As to the lactose content of human milk according to Ara-kawa's reaction and according to the period of lactation (Cf. Tables 7 and 8), it is generally the highest in the middle mature period, but in Arakawa-positive milk alone lactose content keeps almost constant in every period of lactation, (colostrum is excepted, of course). Colo-strum milk (0-14 days after delivery) was excluded from this experi-ment, for, according to Pfeiffer, 11) Adriance14) and Lowenfeld39) the lactose content rises rapidly during the first few days or during the first two weeks, and then returns to the normal level. 4. Concerning the variation of lactose content of Arakawa-posi- tive and -negative milks according to the age of mothers (Cf. Table 9), there is no relation depending on the age. Of course, such a strik-ing difference as between Arakawa-positive and -negative cases is not seen among mothers of different ages. 5. As to the lactose content of human milk according to.Ara-kawa's reaction and to different sides of breast (Cf. Table 10), it is almost the same amount on either side, both in Arakawa-positive and -negative milks. That is to say, Arakawa-positive mothers secrete lactose-rich milk on both sides and Arakawa-negative mothers secrete lactose-poor milk. 6. If all the milk samples are distributed according to the in-tensity of Arakawa's reaction and according to the amount of lac-tose, , and if a dissecting line is drawn between 7.3g/dl and 7.2g/dl, 80% of Arakawa-positive milk ranks above the line, while 60% of A-rakawa-negative milk ranks below the line. 7. As to the human milk lactose according to the quantity of secretion and to Arakawa's reaction, 88% of Arakawa-positive milk secrete abundantly, and in the Arakawa-negative cases, the weaker the reaction, the smaller is the percentage of the cases with abundant secretion. 8. Concerning the difference of lactose content between both sides of the breast according to Arakawa's reaction (Cf. Table 14) the difference is twice as large a one in the Arakawa-negative case compared with the positive case. 9. In the cases of one and the same mothers with very different reaction on either side of the breast, there is almost no difference between the lactose content of positive and negative sides, and the lactose content in such cases corresponds to that of milk of the inter-mediate Arakawa reaction. 10. In the case of nutritional disturbances or under-grown ba-bies, such as atrophy or lues congenita, the lactose content is lower than that in other cases. As summarized in different items above mentioned, lactose con-tent in human milk is generally different according to a number of different factors, but such a remarkable difference as between Araka-wa-positive and Arakawa-negative milks is never seen.


The rapid development and propagation of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria is a major threat to public health worldwide. The phenomenon has been widely studied in the clinical setting, but comparatively little is known about the prevalence and diversity of antibiotic resistance in communities of environmental bacteria, often referred to as the environmental resistome. As the external environment may function as a reservoir of resistance genes to human pathogens, we are interested in how environmental bacteria are affected by antibiotic pollution. We have previously isolated microbial DNA from river sediments taken up- and downstream from a water treatment plant that processes waste water from several pharmaceutical plants producing antibiotics. In a previous study, we used deep sequencing to identify unprecedented frequencies of known resistance genes to several classes of antibiotics in these samples. In this study, we aim to functionally characterize the resistome in a more open and exploratory way by screening genomic DNA libraries transformed into sensitive hosts. To generate the libraries, several experimental strategies were explored, including mechanical shearing and enzymatic digestion of the isolated DNA followed by blunt- or sticky end cloning into different plasmids, subsequently transformed into sensitive E. coli. Pros and cons of the different strategies will be discussed along with preliminary results of the screening against selected antibiotics.


The outgassing characteristics of Invar samples oxidized in atmosphere at 600°C was measured by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The Outgassing rate of the oxidized Invar samples was three times larger than that of as-received Invar samples. After outgassing by heating in vacuum, no significant difference was found in the adsorption rates in atmosphere between the oxidized and as-received Invar samples. Once the samples were heated in vacuum, the length of exposure in atmosphere had little influence on the adsorption rates.


The problem of protecting the GPS signal from interference is addressed. A number of null steering techniques for use in conjunction with antenna arrays are compared and contrasted in terms of efficient use of available degrees of freedom and computational complexity. The techniques investigated range from the simple well known power minimization approach to a subspace constrained power minimization method that makes use of DOA estimates provided by a 2D version of ESPRIT. Limitations of the methods are addressed as well.


As the skylight polarization navigation at present is based on dead reckoning which can only provide orientation information to navigate or relative position but not the absolute location of the observer, in this paper, a bionic absolute positioning method based on skylight polarization was proposed: the longitude and latitude of the current position could be solved through the polarization angle of the skylight, the course angle of the vehicle, the relative relationship between the solar and the earth. In addition, the simulation verification provided an accuracy of 0.483km in average. A positioning error model was developed, and the simulation shows that the precision of the sensors has a great impact on the positioning accuracy. Finally, the initial outdoor tests give a longitude accuracy of -0.149o in average and a latitude accuracy of 0.418o in average. Although the positioning accuracy obtained from the experiment is no better than the existing positioning systems, such as GPS, the proposed positioning method which is totally autonomous, convenient and without accumulated error is still worth to be improved since it would be useful when manmade positioning systems are disabled.


This bachelor thesis deals with the economic analysis of waste management in the town of Vizovice. The work consists of two parts. The theoretical part focuses on the description of the public administration in general and public administration in waste management. Furthermore, the theoretical part is focused on legislative standards applicable in the field of waste management and the responsibilities and authorities that arise from them for the municipalities. The practical part contains the characteristic of the town of Vizovice, specification of the waste management focused especially on the waste production and the cost-benefit analysis in the field of waste management in the town of Vizovice in 2006?2011. At the end, there is a suggestion for reduction of economic demands of waste management in the town of Vizovice.


There are important differences in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases across ethnic groups, namely: Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Heart Failure and cardiovascular risk factors, disease presentation and treatment response. To recognize this is particularly important in order to understand the nature of cardiovascular disease health disparities among African descendant (African American/Afro-Caribbean origin) populations as is also critically important for cardiovascular professionals to be aware of their role in perpetuating disparities, and consider the race and ethnicity in personalizing their treatment for their patients.


The effect of an intrauterine device on pituitary luteinizing hormone activity (PLHA) was studied in 13 goats with 10 goats used as controls. The goats were slaughtered on Day 3 postinsertion and their pituiaries examined. No differences in PLHA was found between ipsilateral or bilateral IUD placement groups or between the control groups but those goats with IUDs showed a significantly higher PLHA (p<.05) than control goats. Higher LH levels in IUD treated animals may account for premature regression of the corpus luteum in those animals.


Congenital optic nerve head coloboma represents an important cause of childhood visual impairment and blindness; it can be isolated or, more often, it can be associated with several syndromes. Ultrasound has limitations in depicting the posterior aspect of the fetal eye globe, so prenatal information about ocular coloboma are very scarce. The purpose of this paper was to report prenatal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of optic nerve head coloboma.


Abstract We have observed four radicals in the ESR spectra of y-irradiated single crystals of some glutamic acid derivatives. These radicals, produced by gamma-irradiation, in single crystals of N-Acetyl-L-Glutamic acid, L-Glutamic acid and DL-Glutamic acid hydrochloride were identified as CH3CONH, -C3H5 , -CH, and -NH2 radicals respectively.


This important collection of essays on the writers who have made Los Angeles one of the great cities of twentieth-century literature has been strengthened by the inclusion of three new essays. John Fante, Walter Mosley, and Chester Himes join such writers as Aldous Huxley, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Evelyn Waugh, Nathanael West, Norman Mailer, James M. Cain, Ross Macdonald, Raymond Chandler, Budd Schulberg, Joan Didion, John Gregory Dunne, and Thomas Pynchon as well as less familiar writers such as Oscar Zeta Acosta, Horace McCoy, Thomas Sanchez, Marc Norman, and Hysaye Yamamoto in a text that provides a basic literary history of the region. Essays examine such special Los Angeles genres as the detective story and the Hollywood novel, and a chapter is devoted to the film Chinatown.


Concept mapping facilitates "deconstructing" complex science into discrete ideas and organizing them into graphical formats. Based on recommendations by ocean science faculty who worked with formal pre-college educators during concept-mapping workshops, four Centers for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence (COSEE) revised a successful model –Scientist-Educator Collaborative (SEC) workshops – to focus on professional development for graduate students. In the resulting Faculty-Graduate Student Collaborative (FGSC) workshop model, 20 scientists guided 73 graduate students to better communicate their science to non-scientists. The FGSC model also incorporated pedagogical activities to illustrate the learning process and complement the focus on science content. A new design element for the FGSC workshops was the inclusion of non-scientist third-party audiences who provided valuable critique to graduate students on concept map-based presentations. Discussing the needs of these audiences allowed participants to work together towards a common objective: effectively presenting ocean sciences concepts and research in a visual format to non-scientists. The graduate students were highly rated by all audiences on their abilities to communicate core concepts and place topics within a broader scientific framework. In a follow-up survey, graduate students acknowledged the potential of concept mapping to enhance their professional skills, and to organize their own research. BACKGROUND As an extension of its efforts to spark and nurture collaboration and communication among ocean researchers and educators, four Centers for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence (COSEE) designed,


Aims: The interposition arthroplasty using dura mater has been applied by us as an alternative method to implantation of the prosthesis since 1997. This new surgical method was developed on the basis of ulnohumeral arthroplasty according to Kashiwagi to aspire to preserve the integrity of the joint. We used for interposition instead of lyophilized dura mater the Tutoplast° dura graft, which is treated with osmotic solvent and in this way differs from the lyophilised graft, as its tensile and pulling strength is greater, since it preserves its collagen structure and its three-dimensional fibrin structure. Material and methods: The dura mater interposition was applied with 23 patients in 24 cases (one bilateral), from May 1997 up to July 2000, in 17 occasions on the dominant side. The average age of the patients was 52. 2 years (24–75 years). The basic diagnosis was rheumatoid arthritis in 83. 3 percent, juvenile chronic arthritis in 8. 3 percent and post-traumatic osteoarthritis in 8. 3 percent. All the patients appeared at the follow up examination and the average duration of the follow-up was 26. 6 months (from 8 to 45 months). The clinical evaluation was based on the Mayo performance score. Results: Praeoperatively 71 percent of the twenty four patients had severe pain, while none of them had it at the follow up examination. 50 percent of patients were painless, 29. 2 percent had moderate and 21 percent of them had mild pain. The average decrease of point of Mayo performance score for pain was 5. 8 points, the difference is significant (p Increase of range of movement is also remarkable. Praeoperatively only 4. 2 percent of the twenty four patients had an arc of 100 degrees or more, at the follow up examination this proportion improved to 66. 7 percent. Mean value of the increase was 28. 5 degrees, the difference is significant (p Sixty seven percent of our patients were stable prae-operatively, this value decreased to 50 percent at the follow up. Grossly instability was observed 21 percent praeoperatively and 33 percent at follow up examination. Mean decrease of stability was 4. 2 degrees, the difference is significant (p The quality of life – as far as the basic vital functions are concerned- improved with 91. 6 percent. It is very important to notice at the evaluation of Mayo performance score that 95. 8 percent of patients falled to the group with poor classification before operation, but this value decreased to 12. 5 percent at the follow up, moreover 50 percent of patients had excellent and 79. 2 percent had excellent or good classification. Mean increase of Mayo performance score evaluated to 53. 2 points, the difference is significant (p Conclusion: One of the most serious complication of interposition arthroplasties is the absorption of the bone structures. Hence we mainly observed the radiological signs of this and employed the evaluation method of Ljung et al. reported by them in 1996. We observed the measurement of absorption of the trochlea with anteroposterior radiographs and the thinning of the olecranon with lateral radiographs. Ljung et al performed 35 joint preserver interposition arthroplasties with collegene membrane and observed 8 millimeters bone loss of humeral and 5 millimeters bone loss of ulnar part of the elbows. In our patient's material the absorption of the trochlea occured in 33. 3 percent, in 5 occasions it was partial, and in 1 case in full degree. The rate of the partial absorption was 2. 2 mm on average. Thinning of the olecranon happened in 12. 5 percent, its average degree was 1. 6 mm. Consequently the value of the partial absorption is smaller in the case of trochlea and of the ulna too, like it was reported by Ljung et al. On the basis of the short-term clinical and radiological results the interposition using dura mater as an alternative way to the implant arthroplasty, may be applied with good results.


Taking the corrugated automobile radiators as the investigation subject, the dynamic heat transfer model based on the micro-element structure of the radiator is presented, in which the heat transfer process is divided into three parts: water side heat transfer, fin-tube heat transfer and air side heat transfer. The mathematical model of heat transfer and resistance characteristic for the corrugated automobile radiators is established in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results, and it is shown that the simulation results are basically consistent with the experimental data.


We develop a method to precisely determine the polarization state of each comb tooth by a combination of dual-comb spectroscopy and rotating compensator polarimetry. This method is useful for measuring birefringent and dichroic materials.


: In the era of digital economy, digital transformation has become an important path for automobile manufacturing enterprises to achieve innovation. Based on the balanced panel data from 2017 to 2021 of Listed Chinese A-share automobile manufacturing enterprises, this paper empirically examines the impact of digital transformation on technological innovation performance of automobile manufacturing enterprises. The results show that the digital transformation of automobile manufacturing enterprises has a significant positive impact on technological innovation performance, enterprise digital transformation also has a significant positive impact on absorptive capacity. In addition, digital transformation and absorptive capacity have a lag effect on technological innovation performance.


High Cycle Fatigue is one of most common mechanism of turbine blade failures. The reason are vibrations, which cause cyclic displacements and though that also variable stresses and strains. The most dangerous are excitation frequencies around resonances – that can cause failure in a very short time. About 70 years of jet engine development and more than one century of steam turbine history, was not enough to fully eliminate that problem. This paper shows an influence of manufacturing tolerances and accuracy of manufacturing technology on blade frequencies. Additionally, few methods for avoiding resonances have been presented and its implementation effort have been compared.


The invention particularly relates to an emulsifier for oil-based drilling fluid and a preparation method thereof. The emulsifier is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 45-60% of abietic acid, 15-20% of cyclohexylamine and 20-40% of white oil. The preparation method comprises the following steps: sequentially adding ethanol which is 2-3 times the weight of the abietic acid and the abietic acid into a reaction kettle, sufficiently stirring until the abietic acid is completely dissolved, and heating; when the temperature of the reaction kettle reaches 60-80 DEG C, dropwisely adding the cyclohexylamine at a uniform speed for 0.5-1 hour, and reacting under the condition of stirring at 100-120 r/min for 4-8 hours while keeping the temperature; and heating to 90-100 DEG C, distilling out the ethanol, adding the white oil, and stirring for 0.5 hour. According to the invention, the problem that the existing common emulsifier for oil-based drilling fluid is poor in effect when being used in a soil phase-free drilling fluid system is solved; and meanwhile, the defect that the common emulsifier for oil-based drilling fluid is inconvenient to use and complicated to operate is overcome.


How management and leadership are best conceptualized with respect to each other has been a frequent topic of debate. Five distinct perspectives are identified in the literature, including bipolar, unidimensional, bidimensional, hierarchical—management within leadership, and hierarchical—leadership within management. We assessed the viability of these perspectives by having Academy of Management and Society for Industrial/Organizational Psychology experts (N = 43) map a comprehensive set of 63 managerial and leadership competencies, as a "common language," onto defined and undefined management and leadership dimensions. Results reveal interpretable patterns of uniqueness and overlap, suggesting a hybrid co-dimensional/bidimensional configuration. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in light of the precedence of "what" over "how" in developing leadership and management theory.


Background and Aim: In this study, a brief but accurate evaluation of the role of graphene oxide in dentistry and interaction with all soft and hard tissues, the study of studies conducted in vitro or in vivo and new approaches in the field of tissue engineering has been investigated Material & Methods: Reviewed articles using Medline, Google scholar, Scopus, Science Citation Index and Magiran Embase databases and the keywords of graphene oxide, antibacterial material, tissue engineering and dentistry from 2015 to 2020 which includes 28 complete articles and 6 abstracts were gathered. Results: The addition of graphene oxide to dental fillers or bone tissue regenerating membranes has provided acceptable results in many cases. In discussing mechanical properties, the addition of graphene oxide increases the mechanical strength and also improves the physical stability of the structure. Graphene and graphene based materials have shown toxic effects on hard and soft tissue cells, which are necessary for clinical applications, the optimal concentration of this oxide. Conclusion: Adding graphene to dental materials was developed to increase their resistance to corrosion and improve their mechanical properties, but there was conflicting information about the cytotoxicity of graphene.


SUN Fu identifies WangDao and BaDao based on the continuum of Confucian Orthodoxy.He properly admitted the hegemon's achievements,but there was no profound impact on his later scholars.WANG An-shi started to probe into the distinction within the dimensions of Mind and Nature,which was later inherited by the study of ChunQiu in Song dynasty and on whose basis scholars discussed righteousness and benefit,reason and desire and status gradually.When analyzing the arguments,we can find that when the studies of ChunQiu in Song dynasty faced the distinction of choice,their main consideration was Saint efforts,they followed Mencius' ideas,and WangDao is a "perfect circumstance" with them.


While arc-faults are rare in photovoltaic installations, more than a dozen documented arc-faults have led to fires and resulted in significant damage to the PV system and surrounding structures. In the United States, National Electrical Code® (NEC) 690.11 requires a listed arc fault protection device on new PV systems. In order to list new arc-fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs), Underwriters Laboratories created the certification outline of investigation UL 1699B. The outline only requires AFCI devices to be tested at arc powers between 300-900 W; however, arcs of much less power are capable of creating fires in PV systems. In this work we investigate the characteristics of low power (100-300 W) arc-faults to determine the potential for fires, appropriate AFCI trip times, and the characteristics of the pyrolyzation process. This analysis was performed with experimental tests of arc-faults in close proximity to three polymer materials common in PV systems, e.g., polycarbonate, PET, and nylon 6,6. Two polymer geometries were tested to vary the presence of oxygen in the DC arc plasma. The samples were also exposed to arcs generated with different material geometries, arc power levels, and discharge times to identify ignition times. To better understand the burn characteristics of different polymers in PV systems, thermal decomposition of the sheath materials was performed using infrared spectra analysis. Overall a trip time of less than 2 seconds is recommended for the suppression of fire ignition during arc-fault events.