Summary

This study addressed four different labels of activated sodium bentonite during the fining of a young Valpolicella red wine. Preliminary tests determined the bentonite dose (0.15, 0.30 or 0.50 g L−1) that would achieve colloidal stability, and this dose was further applied during laboratory-scale trials. The bentonites were characterised by physico-chemical parameters, and the effects of the label and dose on the wine colloidal stability, proteins, colour indices and phenolic compounds were measured. The results demonstrated that 0.50 g L−1 for every bentonite label provided colloidal stabilisation without harshly affecting the colour. Unlike to what happens in white wines the least charged bentonite labels were effective at stabilising the red wine colloidal state by partially reducing its protein content. Simultaneously, the most negatively charged clay samples determined the largest depletions on the total polyphenols, anthocyanins, tannins and polymeric pigments. The differentiated action of clays with different surface charge density among white and red wines may be explained by the interaction mediated by positively charged anthocyanins towards either protein or tannin depletion. Although pioneering, these results may move towards the definition of a safe, allergen-free, and effective adjuvant for colloidal stabilisation targeted to wine type.


This paper describes our recently started research into the flow phenomena that occur in microchannels and microcavities during ultrasonic agitation. With micro-particle image velocimetry we have seen rapidly changing flows together with the occurrence of cavitation events. Both these processes suggest that very high shear forces are present in the solution in combination with rapidly changing pressure fluctuations. The research presented here is of importance for the design of ultrasonic mixers and ultrasonic cell lysis devices.© 2007 ASME


The Human Cancer Genome Project - HCGP - has been the most important contribution of Brazilian science to the understanding of the Human Genome. This project was co-sponsored by FAPESP (Sao Paulo Research Foundation) and the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research. Twenty-nine sequencing laboratories integrated by a bioinformatic service and a laboratory carried out the project. This effort has generated more than 1 million of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in various human cancers. Most of these sequences are available to public accessing at NCBI Gene Bank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov by ORESTES keyword). Currently there are several ongoing projects that utilize the information and genomic library generated by HCGP. These studies are focused in the characterization of a complete physical map of genes, differential gene expression in tumors and also in the structural and functional understanding of the expressed gene. In the future, the generated knowledge would contribute to new insights into the prevention, diagnosis and therapeutic procedures in cancer and other diseases.


Summary:  Purpose: The spontaneously epileptic rat (SER: tm/tm, zi/zi) shows both absence‐like seizures and tonic convulsions. Our previous electrophysiologic studies have demonstrated that SER has abnormal excitability of hippocampal CA3 neurons, which shows a long‐lasting depolarization shift by a single stimulation of mossy fibers, probably resulting from the Ca2+ channel abnormalities. The present study was performed to determine whether Ca2+ influx is actually enhanced in the CA3 area of SER.


Abstract The upper Cretaceous limestones of Jebel Rouissat (Center of Tunisia) constitute an important source of raw material for cement production.  However, these layers are characterized by karsts limited by various direction fractures. To detect the zones at risk of karsts in view to determinate the adequate site for a future cement factory at Jebel Rouissat, three geophysical methods are used. In the first step five vertical electrical soundings and five horizontal profiles are performed. Any karst is highlighted from the data interpretation. In the second step, the geophysical prospection is extended towards the north; seven VLF profiles are realized. They show four zones at risk of karsts associated to different fractures. Resume Les calcaires du Cretace superieur du  Djebel Rouissat  (Centre de  la Tunisie) constituent une importante source de matiere premiere pour la production de ciment. Cependant, ces couches sont caracterisees par des  karsts  limitees par des  fractures de differentes directions. Pour detecter les zones a risques de karsts  en vue  de determiner  le site adequat pour une future  cimenterie  trois  methodes geophysiques sont utilises. Dans la premiere etape cinq sondages electriques verticaux et  cinq profils de traine electrique sont realises. Aucun karst n'est mis en evidence a partir de l'interpretation des donnees. En seconde etape, la prospection geophysique  a ete etendue vers le nord; sept profils VLF sont executes. Ils montrent quatre zones a risque de karsts associees a differentes fractures.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the equivalent control authority of the conventional and circulation control (CC) wing of the aircraft and assess the energy expenditure and aerodynamic efficiency of the CC wing.,Four target cases with different flap deflection angles θ are set in advance for the conventional wing, and then a series of cases with different jet momentum coefficients Cμ are set for the CC wing. The lift, drag and momentum coefficient curves of the CC wing are compared to those of the four conventional wing cases. The curves with the best agreement are selected to establish the corresponding relation between θ and Cμ. The energy expenditure of the CC system is analyzed. The concept of equivalent lift-to-drag ratio for the CC wing is introduced to compare the aerodynamic efficiency with the conventional wing,The control authority of the conventional wing at θ = 0o, 10o, 20o, 30o are equivalent to the control authority of the CC wing with Cµ = 0.0, 0.005, 0.009 and 0.012. The CC system is more efficient at small Cµ than large Cµ.,This study could contribute to the application of the CC system on flapless aircrafts.,The corresponding relation between θ and Cµ is established by matching the equivalent control authority between the conventional wing and CC wing.


Appellate Division, Second Department of the New York State Supreme Court. Justice Dickerson is the author of Class Actions: The Law of 50 States, Law Journal Press, 2012; Travel Law, Law Journal Press, 2012;, Article 9 of Weinstein, Korn & Miller, New York Civil Practice CPLR (David Ferstendig ed. 2d ed. 2012), Consumer Protection in 2 Commercial Litigation in New York State Courts, Section 98 (Robert L. Haig ed., 3d ed 2010), Consumer Law 2011: The Judge's Guide To Federal And New York State Consumer Protection Statues at http://www.nycourts.gov/courts9jd/Tac_Certpdfs/CONSUMERLAW2011.FINAL.pdf and over 300 articles on consumer law, class actions, travel law and tax certiorari.


A current regulator circuit for use in glow discharge electrolysis studies is described. The unit incorporates an initiator circuit and by the use of this, in conjunction with the regulator circuit, it is possible to conduct very short electrolyses where the quantity of electricity passed is accurately known. This in turn leads to a more accurate interpretation of the results of glow discharge electrolysis which should help to elucidate the mechanism of the process.


The utility model discloses a road traffic flow monitoring system, comprising an emitter, a signal receiver, a controller and a PC (Personal Computer). The emitter is mounted on a roadway, the signal receiver is arranged on a signal lamppost or a guideboard column, the controller is connected with the signal receiver, and the PC is connected with the controller. According to vehicle traffic, the emitter and the signal receiver obtain interruption signals and transmits the interruption signals to the controller, and the controller processes the interruption signals and sends a result to the PC so that working staff can check the result. The road traffic flow monitoring system calculates traffic flow according to the interruption signals, which is accurate in statistics, simple in analyzing process, and convenient for real-time road state monitoring. In addition, the road traffic flow monitoring system is cheap, convenient, small and feasible, which can be directly applied to different roads in a city needless of changing municipal facilities.


Recently, several machine learning approaches have been applied to modeling of the specificity for HIV-1 protease cleavage domain. However, HIV-1 protease cleavage domain with high dimensionality and small number of samples could misguide classification modeling and its interpretation. Thus, a method to select a smaller number of relevant features is required. Appropriate feature selection could eliminate irrelevant and redundant features, and thus, improves prediction performance and provides faster and more cost-effective models. As a result, we can gain deeper insight about dataset. In this paper, we introduce a new feature selection method, called FS-MLP, that extracts relevant features using multi-layered perceptron learning. With the method, we could extract a set of effective features in a multi-variate and non-linear way. Our experimental results on three types of artificial datasets and HIV-1 protease cleavage dataset show that performance of the FS-MLP is higher than other methods.


A comparison is presented of the relative convergence properties of the conjugate gradient method using the three principal integral equations for conducting scatterers: the electric field integral equation (EFIE), the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE), and the combined field integral equation (CFIE). The authors restrict their study to scattering by two-dimensional (cylindrical) bodies (both TM and TE polarization). This enables an easy examination of the convergence behaviour of the conjugate gradient method (CGM) for bodies which are electrically large.<<ETX>>


Despite a substantial amount of aid (much larger in per capita terms than provided to any other region), sub-Saharan African countries, with very few exceptions, have regressed since independence. The general history of Africa since achieving independence has been one of development failure. Some protagonists point to signs of change that argue for more aid. This article suggests that aid to Africa has not worked because human, social and institutional capital not financial capital poses the binding constraint. In that context, doubling aid to Africa from $23 billion in 2004 to $50 billion annually by 2015 seems a questionable proposition. This commentary suggests unconventional ways of dealing with the problems involved in importing the essential ingredients that Africa needs. It concludes with the observation that the aid community's current obsession with poverty reduction and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) may be harming rather than helping the cause of development in Africa and argues that the focus on growth and development should be restored. OUR COMMON INTEREST,1 the report published in March 2005 by the Commission for Africa convened by the UK government as background for the July 2005 G8 summit, begs two questions: are false hopes being raised again about the development of sub-Saharan Africa being revived with more aid? Will more aid help or hinder Africa? The commission's report appears to be based on wishful thinking of the kind that donors have indulged in for three decades. It fails to be candid about what inhibits development there. Percy Mistry (firstname.lastname@example.com) is chairman of Oxford International, which has private equity investments in emerging markets. He is an investment banker who has worked in the private and public sector in developing countries, particularly in Asia and Africa. He was with the World Bank in the 1970s and 1980s. 1. Report of The Commission for Africa (Department for International Development, UK Government, London, 2005).


In this work, first, single phase CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 (CCTO) and MgTiO 3 were synthesized by sol gel and solid state method respectively and then (1-x) CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 - x MgTiO 3 (x = 0, 1,3 and 5 weight%) composites were prepared by a conventional mixed oxide method using CCTO and MgTiO 3 single phase powders. The characterization for phase identification was done by X-Ray diffraction, for surface morphology, scanning electron microscope was used. Raman measurements were done to identify the nature of grain and grain boundaries. CuO was identified as a main component of grain boundary. The dielectric and resistivity properties of CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 / MgTiO 3 composites were investigated. The results revealed that mixed phase samples can improve both dielectric and resistivity properties. The low frequency (<10 5 Hz) loss tangent was greatly reduced (<0.2 for 1 % mixed sample); while, the dielectric constant was found to be higher than 3.0×10 6 at room temperature (RT). The nature of CCTO/MgTiO 3 composite's grains and grain boundaries, varies according to the weight % of MgTiO 3 in CCTO.  More, the synthesis duration is drastically reduced and it turns out that a small amount of MgTiO 3 is good to improve both dielectric and resistivity properties


Andy Bell argues that government plans to overhaul mental health provision in England must not prompt managers into making knee-jerk cuts to services that are highly valued by users


The technical development in large structured packing column,large random packing column and large column tray in China is introduced.The structure and performance of China's independent technology are presented here including:Zupak,Dapak,Zhaopak,Zugrid and IMTP packing;trough-pan liquid-gas distributor,pan-trough liquid-gas distributor and pan-trough-tube liquid distributor;radial gas initial distributor,new dual tangent heading circumfluence initial gas distributor;grid beam,and truss beam which has one beam with multi-tray,web frame beam,etc.The optimized design rules of some initiated column equipment are also introduced,including column liquid-gas distributor,initial gas distributor,second gas distributor,supporting equipment and liquid flow model multi-overfall column tray.Some examples of the application of innovative technology and optimized design rules are shown.


Nuclear receptors and cytochrome P450 (CYP) regulate hepatic metabolism of several drugs. Nuclear receptors are expressed at the neurovascular unit of patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy. We studied whether glucocorticoid receptor (GR) silencing or inhibition in human epileptic brain endothelial cells (EPI‐ECs) functionally impacts drug bioavailability across an in vitro model of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) by CYP‐multidrug transporter (multidrug resistance protein 1, MDR1) mechanisms.


This chapter examines the spaces of the end-time, since the end of time is also an end of space. It addresses 2Baruch?s general descriptions of the landscapes of the end-time in order to isolate the most important rhetorical devices of the text. The chapter discusses the function of the Kidron valley for the righteous remnant during the end-time, and in particular the description of the community of the righteous as a fortified city within the valley in 2:1?2. The main questions it poses are: how does 2Baruch envisage the remnant?s marginal existence outside the temple centred Land, and how does 2Baruch construct space during the end-time to promote the future redemption and life of Israel? Overall, 2Baruch plays on multivalent allusions to present the endtime city in the Kidron valley. The end-time city can be described both in terms of exile, camp and Land-space.Keywords: 2Baruch; end-time city; Israel; Kidron valley; landscapes


Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to perceive, control and evaluate emotions. It is often said that emo- tional intelligence can be learned, strengthened, while it is also believed that it is an inborn characteristic. It is also paramount in personal, academic and career success. Different studies indicated that the key to success is not just cognitive intelligence rather 80% success in life depends on emotional intelligence (Goleman, 2005). In view of the primary role of teachers in training students, it seems that strengthening emotional qualifications of teachers and including these qualifications in tactical plan of teacher training is inevi- table. This paper is aimed to shed light on scientific evidences about the basic role of emotional qualifications in improvement of personal, social, scientific performance of students and effectiveness and efficiency of teachers. It symbolizes its relation with objectives of present education and prerequisites for developing emotional qualifications in Education. It suggests that as a prime pedagogy, pre-service training is necessary for professional development of a teacher.


A placement and routing tool for a class of finite-state machines (FSM) is presented. The finite-state machine is designed using a standard set of structures which discipline the state sequencing. The sequencing discipline is exploited in the placement and routing process to produce more efficient results. The FSM is synthesized using one-hot encoding. The authors show that the use of the disciplined sequencing architecture along with one-hot encoding results in regular structures which can be easily placed and routed in silicon. The regularity of the structures allows for significantly accelerating placement time. The flip-flops are organised into a parallel-in-parallel-out shift register arrangement which has a regular architecture. Benchmark results using general placement and routing tools are also shown. The benchmark data include CPU time and occupied silicon area.<<ETX>>


This work describes the convergence analysis of a Smolyak-type sparse grid stochastic collocation method for the approximation of statistical quantities related to the solution of partial differential equations with random coefficients and forcing terms (input data of the model). To compute solution statistics, the sparse grid stochastic collocation method uses approximate solutions, produced here by finite elements, corresponding to a deterministic set of points in the random input space. This naturally requires solving uncoupled deterministic problems and, as such, the derived strong error estimates for the fully discrete solution are used to compare the computational efficiency of the proposed method with the Monte Carlo method. Numerical examples illustrate the theoretical results and are used to compare this approach with several others, including the standard Monte Carlo.


The growth of urban microwave systems has led to an increase in the probability of mutual interference between users of the same frequency band. A building which obstructs the interference path will generally lead to a reduction in the strength of the interfering signal. A method is presented whereby the amount of site shielding afforded by a rectangular building may be predicted, considering two-dimensional and three-dimensional paths. Predictions are compared with measurements made using real buildings as the diffracting obstacle at a frequency of 11.2 GHz.


This paper reports an updated and enlarged archaeometric database of Proconnesos marbles with the aim of attaining more reliable inter- and intra-site identification. Quarry and artefact samples (n = 397) from 23 different quarrying areas were characterized using petrographic, isotopic and EPR results. The most distinct property of Proconnesos marbles is their extremely weak EPR intensity, associated with the low concentration of Mn 2+ impurities. This feature, supported by the contribution of other important isotopic and petrographic variables, forms the basis for the correct identification of Proconnesos marbles. Within the site the distribution of properties is relatively homogeneous; only limited infra-site discrimination is possible. All the experimental results, as well as the quarry samples are made available to other researchers willing to measure additional experimental properties, thus increasing the rate of within the site discrimination. Extensive survey has proved that, although about 10% of the samples exhibit maximum grain size below 1.0 mm, no locations exist where fine grained marbles could be intentionally quarried. The historical aspects of Proconnesos marble quarrying and usage are also discussed.


AbstractTwo cool seasons (November–March) of daily simulations using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) over the Pacific Northwest are used to investigate orographic precipitation bias. Model simulations are compared with data from a radiosonde site at Salem, Oregon, just upstream (west) of the Oregon Cascades; precipitation gauges over a portion of the Pacific Northwest; and a National Weather Service Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) in Portland, Oregon. The 77 storms analyzed are partitioned into warm/cold storms based on the freezing level above/below the Oregon Cascades crest (~1600 m MSL). Although the seasonal precipitation is well simulated, the model has a tendency to overpredict surface precipitation for cold storms. The correlation between the upstream relative humidity–weighted integrated moisture transport and precipitation for warm storms (r2 = 0.81) is higher than that for cold storms (r2 = 0.54). Comparisons of model ice water cont...


A computer program was developed that designs specialized representations for problems of the sort found in the analytical reasoning section of the GRE and LSAT. These problems are intended to test a person's ability to "draw logical conclusions from information presented and to synthesize that information in order to deduce the actual structure of or interrelationships among things." [Weber83] The system takes as input a straightforward predicate calculus translation of a problem, requests additional information if necessary, decides what to represent and how, designs representations specialized to the problem, and finally creates and executes a LISP program that uses those representations to produce a solution. Even though typically these problems are very difficult for theorem provers to solve, the LISP programs that uses the specialized representations is very efficient. The representations the system designs are powerful because they capture the constraints of a problem, in two ways: (i) the structure of the representation resembles the structure of the thing represented and (ii) this structure enables efficient behaviors that enforce a problem's constraints by keeping those constraints invariant in the structure. More specialized representations capture more problem constraints in their structure and behavior. As constraints get captured in a representation, fewer situations can be expressed. This reduces the space that a problem solver must consider in a specialized representation. This, in turn, results in more efficient problem solving behavior. The goal of the system is to design a representation that captures all of a problem's constraints. The process developed to achieve this is divided into three subprocesses: classification, concept introduction, and operationalization. Each of these contributes in different ways to capture constraints of a problem in a representation being designed. Constraints on a problem concept are captured structurally when the concept is represented with a structure having the same properties as the concept. Classification uses a library of structures organized into a taxonomy around the constraints that they capture: Structures that capture more constraints are more specialized. Constraints on a concept are captured structurally by identifying the library structure that captures the most constraints on the concept and then representing the concept with that structure. This is done by classifying concepts in the taxonomy. The success of classification in capturing constraints is limited by the particular vocabulary used to state a problem. Concept introduction is a way of enhancing classification. If classification fails to capture constraints on a concept, then introduction tries a different way of representing the concept. For example, if classification fails to capture all the constraints on a concept represented as a relation, introduction might try representing it as a function. This strategy works because different library structures capture different constraints and have different specializations. Representing a concept differently may be a better fit between the constraints on that concept and the constraints captured by the different representation. Classification and concept introduction run as coroutines, trying to capture all of the constraints of a problem. As they do this, the statements of those constraints get removed from the problem. They usually fail to capture all the constraints leaving statements of the uncaptured constraints in the problem. Operationalization then tries to capture the constraints of any remaining statements by writing new procedures and using these to specialize the representations created by classification and concept introduction. An interesting property of analytical reasoning problems is that they are usually incomplete. An important part of the representation design process developed is identifying where information might be missing from a problem and asking a user informed questions in an effort to complete the problem.


We start Volume 12 with a selection of articles covering a diverse range of subjects. The topics covered in this issue range from communication in construction projects, through the diffusion of systemic innovations, developing green-building design approaches, choosing by advantages (CBA) in participatory design, and concluding with post-occupancy evaluation (POE). Authors of the articles are based in Australia, Ghana, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, and Sweden. Given the wide geographical distribution of the authors and the range of topics, it is interesting to see that there is a common theme running through this body of work. That theme is decision-making. We communicate in order to allow informed decisions to be made; systemic innovations are adopted or rejected based on individual and collective decision-making; to deliver greener and more sustainable buildings relies on informed and robust decision-making tools and frameworks; participatory design is reliant upon collective decision-making; and POE is concerned with analyzing the effectiveness of a multitude of decisions as expressed in a built artifact. Communication in construction is an area that has largely been overlooked by researchers compared to other topics, often dealt with implicitly rather than explicitly. The article by Senaratne and Ruwanpura contributes to this small body of knowledge by taking a management perspective on construction project communication. Their work is based on case studies in Sri Lanka, providing a number of observations and recommendations for both practitioners and researchers. While further highlighting the complex nature of communication within construction project teams, they also identify the need for feedback loops in the communication process. Viewing communication as a cyclical process rather than as a linear one will, it is argued, help practitioners to better communicate and thus be better positioned to deliver projects. This is true of all practitioners regardless of where they happen to be working, be it Sri Lanka or elsewhere. Lindgren's review article on diffusing system innovations highlights the need to view innovations in construction as systemic rather than as isolated ideas, products, or practices. The review covers the main factors that influence the diffusion of new ideas and practices within the temporal and fragile environment of construction projects. Much like our first article by Senaratne and Ruwanpura, it is about communication, establishing common ground, and learning. The diffusion of innovations in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) is an area that has not previously been explored by researchers publishing in Architectural Engineering and Design Management. As such Lindgren's review should provide a valuable knowledge base for others working in this fascinating area of human behavior. Lindgren concludes by signposting a number of areas that would benefit from further investigation and analysis. Sustainability and green-building design is an area of research that makes frequent appearances within this journal. In the article by Ahmad, Thaheem, and Anwar, a green-building design approach based on systems and techniques is proposed. This follows in the tradition of design optimization based on simulations, with a strong argument for a holistic and integrated approach to green-building design and the decision-making that underpins it. A concise number of systems and techniques suitable for semi-arid climates are analyzed. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to achieve the research objectives. The authors conclude by proposing the need for a computer-based building simulation model that will assist in the decision-making process and lead us to optimal solutions. Kpamma, Adjel-Kumi, Ayarkwa, and Adinyira explore participation in design as a means of value generation. They do this by concentrating on the CBA decision system as a means of fostering user


..................................................................................................................................vi CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................1 HYPERTENSION...................................................................................2 RENIN ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM AND HYPERTENSION...............................3 INFLMMATION AND HYPERTENSION......................................................8 OXIDATIVE STRESS AND HYPERTENSION.................................................10 NF-κB AND HYPERTENSION...........................................................................13 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND SPECIFIC AIMS..............................14 REFERENCES......................................................................................................15 CHAPTER 2. INVOLVEMENT OF TNF-α IN ANGIOTENSIN II MEDIATED EFFECTS ON SALT APPETITE, HYPERTENSION AND CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY................................................................................................2


THE OCEANOGRAPHY CONDITION OF CENDERAWASIH BAY, IRIAN JAYA EVALUATED FROM FISHERY IMPORTANCE. Observation on oceanography condition of Cenderawasih Bay, Irian Jaya were carried out in January – February 1995. Oceanography condition observed are temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, and nitrate. The results showed that the oceanography condition of this waters still normal and fulfilled  the criterion stated by KEP-02/MENKLH/I/1988 for fishery purposed. Keywords : Oceanography, Cenderawasih Bay, criterion stated


Power distribution transformer is one of the key asset to be managed by the utility. Ageing of transformers causes operational and financial burden on the utility. Excessive temperature is the primary cause of ageing of the transformer. Traditionally, utilities resort to load shedding in-order to save the transformer during high temperature periods. Instead, the concept of demand response can be used to maintain the transformer temperature at the same time considering the requirements of the load. In this paper we demonstrate how demand response can positively effect the life of the transformer. The practical load data from a section of IITH campus has been used, which is supplied by a single 500 KVA 11kV/440 V transformer. The results show the reduction in hottest spot temperature and reduction in loss of life of transformer. The simulation was carried out for a duration of 3 days, during which 3 demand response events occurred resulting in reduction in hottest spot temperature from 90 degrees to 80 degrees and reduction in loss of life of transformer from 35.3 hours to 19.8 hours. These results illustrate the benefit of demand response in improving the life of transformers without resorting to load shedding.


The system of Integrated-Optics Acousto-Optic RF Spectrum Analyzer (IOAOSA)consists of a laser diode, an Acousto-Optic (A-O) modulator, geodesic lenses and CCD detectorarray. The optical signal projected on the CCD array is converted into electrical signal andprocessed by the signal processing center which consists of a TMS 32010 system and an IBM-PC.The TMS 32010 with very high speed is used in a microcomputer system. A cycle sample methodis adopted to collect the data of the CCD video signal, sampling one per 40-point. After theprocessing, the frequency bandwidth, the resolution and the dynamic range of the system aremeasured to be 100 MHz, 8 MHz and 20 dB, respectively.


Rape seedlings were acclimated to evaporative dehydration by exposure to repeated moderate water-deficit stress. The stress program started after 19 days of growth and consisted of three, 24-h stre...


This article compares official seals of Japan and China (the Sui and Tang Dynasties) in the eighth century to examine the impact of China on the introduction of official seals in the ritsuryo nation of Japan and the characteristics of Japanese official seals. The analysis reveals that although the official seal system of the ritsuryo nation of Japan was established under the influence of Sui/Tang official seals, in particular the direct influence of government office seals which were closely connected to the document administration, the Japanese system was characterized by the following points: the official seals of Japan were bigger than those of the Tang Dynasty and classified in detail by their size as well as the typeface and style of the characters on their face according to the level of government, and the classification was strictly adhered to. In addition, in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the imperial seal was not used when issuing general directives, and the seals of the 24 bureaus of the six ministries were affixed on documents sent to provinces in order to ensure implementation of approved documents and proper administrative procedures in each government office. On the other hand, in Japan, Naiin, the imperial seal, was stamped on directives as a rule, and emphasis was placed on the direct control of the emperor over all documents issued by the central government. Moreover, in principle, provincial documents were affixed not by the provincial government and its subordinate governments but by the central and provincial governments. These findings indicate not only the practical functions of official seals in the document administration in ancient Japan but also the intention to use differences in the size of seals, the way of stamping them, and the typeface and style of characters on their face to express the Japanese ethnocentrism and symbolize the direct rule of the emperor and the ideal structure of the Japanese ritsuryo system based on a pyramid, centralized government organization led by the emperor.


In our country, projects are emerging in order to stimulate and arouse the interest of students in different areas of knowledge, and some of them have taken great proportions, reaching a national level. A good example of these projects is the school olympiads. In this article we will discuss about the Brazilian Physics Olympiad to Public Schools (OBFEP), and present an analysis and characterization of the issues showing the most discussed content in all editions of the exam. The results show that, in all levels, the most discussed content was mechanics, and, in its resolutions, the use of mathematical calculations was more necessary than the knowledge of physical concepts. Also, we realized the developments in the exam's profile, which in its first edition was less contextualized and structured around a theme when compared to later years.


C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Miller D, Andiman S, Ratner E, English D (2015) Retroperitoneal Lymphoma Presenting as Gynecologic Malignancy: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Obstet Gynecol Cases Rev 2:048 Received: May 11, 2015: Accepted: July 01, 2015: Published: July 04, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Miller D. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Miller et al. Obstet Gynecol cases Rev 2015, 2:4


Invasive fungal infection (IFI) is associated with high mortality in lung transplant (LTx) recipients. Data for voriconazole use in preemptive treatment remain scant.


Since the 1990´s, relationship marketing and loyalty has aroused the interest of researchers and practitioners, as a tool capable of giving continuity to the organization through the establishment of long-term relationships with its stakeholders. It verifies that loyalty in the tourism industry has been little studied. This paper aims to identify and analyze the research on the determinants of loyalty in tourism. The results attempt to summarise what has been investigated, who addresses these issues, where the main focuses of research are and what methodologies have been used. The goal is to obtain the state of the art of research on this issue and identify future lines of research.


Land surface emissivity is a crucial parameter for obtaining the land surface temperature and estimating the land surface energy budget from remote sensing data. The current emissivity products always have a coarser spatial resolution than the products from the visible and near‐infrared data. This study focused on the generation of an emissivity product at a spatial resolution of 30 m using a new global land cover product called Finer‐Resolution Observation and Monitoring of Global Land Cover and Landsat images. Summer‐average emissivity products in four narrowbands (Landsat 5/Thematic Mapper Band 6, Landsat 7/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus Band 6, and Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor bands 1 and 2) and two broadbands (3–14 μm and 8–13.5 μm) were produced in China. Results illustrated that the narrowband emissivities ranged from 0.95 to 0.99, whereas the broadband emissivities ranged from 0.93 to 0.99 in the study area. Intercomparisons in different places showed that the new emissivity was close to Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer emissivity with a difference of about 0.015 for narrowband emissivity and about 0.02 for broadband emissivity on a regional scale. For application purposes, the emissivities were released in the Worldwide Reference System 2 and geographic coordinate systems with several spatial resolutions resampled from its original scale of 30 m.


Maintenance of the optimum quantity of population in mountainous regions of the world and management of migration processes are among urgent matters. The problem is so difficult that it requires a complex study and foresees regional originalities. Therefore, the main objective of the research is to study the aims and factors involving potential migrants in possible migration processes, based on the example of Georgia, in particular on the example of the mountainous region of Adjaria. The research was mainly based on sociological questioning and an in-depth interview method, by which a comparison of surveys conducted in the Soviet period and in independent Georgia as well as a comparison of quantitative and qualitative properties of migration processes were performed. As a result of the research, it was concluded that main reasons causing potential migration processes in the modern period are not social, but economic and ecological factors. Besides, in different social groups, geographical originalities of trends of expected migration processes were found. Therefore, events managing the expected migration processes are set, which would bear huge importance for working out the country's migration policy and efficiently fulfilling municipal programs.


This brief note reports the results of a set of biaxial experiments on Al-6061-T6 tubes tested to rupture under radial stress paths of combined internal pressure and axial load. The experiments are then simulated with shell-type finite element models, in which several yield functions are calibrated and implemented and their performance evaluated against the experimental results.


The relationships between relationship quality, customer retention and cross-buying are not as simple as expected. Prior studies examining the effects of trust and satisfaction on cross-buying and customer retention have drawn mixed results. Thus, there is a need for research that further examines the relationships between customer retention, cross-buying, satisfaction, and trust under different contingent conditions. This study develops and examines three contingent models to explore the mixed results of previous studies. First, this study considers how the effect of satisfaction on customer retention varies with differing levels of switching costs, alternative attractiveness, and relationship inertia. Second, this study examines how decision-making uncertainty partially mediates the effect of trust on customer retention, as well as how that partial mediation varies depending on the relationship length. Finally, this study aims to examine the joint moderating effects of category similarity and category complexity on the relationships between satisfaction, trust and cross-buying. With a sample of 470 customers of banks in Taiwan, this study used a hierarchical regression to test the moderating effects by incorporating two-way and three-way interaction effects of switching barriers and relationship inertia with satisfaction in the contingent model of relationship inertia. In the contingent model of relationship length, the sample was partitioned according to the relationship length using a median split for purposes of moderator analysis and comparison. A multigroup analysis was conducted using LISREL to estimate direct and indirect effects among constructs. The sample was also partitioned according to category similarity and complexity in the contingent model of category similarity and complexity. The moderating effects in the hypotheses were assessed by subgroup regression analysis. As expected, satisfaction, switching costs and relationship inertia positively affect customer retention, but alternative attractiveness negatively affects customer retention. In addition, satisfaction has a reduced effect on customer retention as switching costs and relationship inertia increase and alternative attractiveness decreases. More interestingly, relationship inertia has asymmetric effects on the moderating effects of switching costs and alternative attractiveness in the satisfaction-customer retention relationship. In other words, relationship inertia only strengthens the moderating effect of switching cost on the satisfaction-retention link, nevertheless has no significant effect to weaken the moderating effect of alternative attractiveness. On the other hand, trust, as a means of reducing decision-making uncertainty, is more associated with customer retention in earlier phase of relationships. Obviously, decision-making uncertainty is not a static concept. Decision-making uncertainty will be reduced as customers' knowledge and familiarity is gained with repeated exposures from the service provider over time. As the relationship length increases, the indirect effect of trust via decision-making uncertainty diminishes. In contrast, the direct effect of trust on customer retention increases. Furthermore, our findings provide an explanation of how the introduction of dissimilar and complex product categories might be strategically managed to increase the possibility of cross-buying. The moderating effect of category similarity and complexity in this study extends previous studies by specifying the contingent conditions under which trust and satisfaction are different roles in cross-buying. Satisfaction has an effect on similar and simple cross-buying but does not have an effect on dissimilar and complex cross-buying. However, satisfaction and trust have equal effects on cross-buying under the joint conditions of high category similarity / high category complexity and low category similarity / low category complexity. Moreover, our results show that trust, rather than satisfaction, is a relatively more important antecedent of both dissimilar and complex cross-buying.


The case was that of Mrs. B., of Groveland, N. Y., a woman 54 years old, tall and naturally large, but now emaciated. Has two grown-up children. She measured five feet three inches in circumference at the umbilicus, the enlargement being prominent and pendulous. The ribs were distended, fluctuation was marked over every part of the abdomen, flatness on percussion was observed all over in all positions, the finger in the vagina felt no pouching downward, but could, by a quick movement, communicate a vibration to the hand over the abdominal walls, the uterus was apparently normal in size and movable, and there was no hardening of the pelvic roof. Her feet were somewhat swollen, one limb, which had once been the seat of " milk leg," being considerably enlarged and presenting a small-sized ulcer. Her bowels were habitually constipated. Her countenance did not show marked organic disease likely to produce ascites, nor was the ovarian counte nance well marked. The only history that could be obtained was that enlargement of the abdomen was first noticed nearly seven years previous to my examina tion, and that she was tapped about five years previous, about twenty pounds of a light straw-colored serum, so far as recollected, having been removed. When the abdomen refilled, the fulness seemed to be even, no bunch being noticed.


Industrial ecology research is, without a doubt, at the forefront when it comes to identifying the increasingly complex environmental problems we face today. A much bigger challenge to our community lies in finding solutions that match the scale of the identified problems. In Fossil Capital: The Rise of Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming, Andreas Malm meticulously traces the history of fossil energy. In doing so, he not only provides a fundamental analysis of the origin of anthropogenic climate change as one of the most pressing environmental problems, but also challenges us to change the way we think about all other environmental problems. Malm offers a holistic analysis of the fossil economy—"an economy of self-sustaining growth predicated on the growing consumption of fossil fuels, and therefore generating a sustained growth in emissions of carbon dioxide" (p. 11)—which he consistently considers in inter-related, mutually dependent biophysical and socioeconomic terms. While, for many branches of political economy, this makes him a "materialist" anomaly, his work resonates strongly with industrial ecology's systemic approach. The rise of the steam engine in nineteenth century Britain, commonly considered the decisive take-off phase for industrialization, is embedded by Malm into a landscape that was, both figuratively and literally, already being transformed by water power-based mechanization. The coal-fired steam engine, Malm argues, was not the answer to the need for progress or development of the population at large, but rather an instrument for solving problems associated with industrialization. This included the spatial limits to industrial expansion owing to its need for access to flowing water as a prerequisite for the use of mechanical energy from mills; and the, in nineteenth century Britain, crucial ability to react to the demands of (increasingly unionized) labor for shorter (10-hour!) working days. Through the use of fossil energy carriers, the power to invest capital became synonymous with the power to define space and time required for production: Mechanical energy could be generated wherever a steam engine was set up and coal and water could be transported and whenever coal could be purchased (doing away with seasonal peaks and lags of a flowing stream). In this sense, "the power derived from fossil fuels was dual in meaning and nature from the start," Malm notes (p. 18).


To the Editor:

A 29-year-old African American man presented to the emergency department following a witnessed generalized seizure, his first. He provided a history of 3 days of abdominal discomfort prior to presentation, associated with constipation. History was remarkable for alprazolam abuse that he recently discontinued, and inguinal hernia repair as a child. There was no significant family history. Physical examination, laboratory studies, and computed tomography (CT) scan of the head were normal. A lumbar puncture was not performed. A second witnessed seizure prompted admission. Over the next 2 days he had no further neurological events but complained of persistent abdominal discomfort. On the third hospital day he developed a fever of 38.5°C associated with leukocytosis and decreasing hemoglobin, but normal chemistry results, amylase, and lipase. CT scan of the abdomen/pelvis revealed a ruptured splenic artery aneurysm with intraabdominal hemorrhage, splenic vein thrombosis, celiac artery aneurysm, bilateral external iliac artery aneurysms, renal artery aneurysm, and multiple splenic and renal infarcts. CT angiography further delineated the extent of the vascular abnormalities (Figure 1).

Figure 1.
Sequence of reconstructed CT …

Address correspondence to Dr. R.A. Badawi, Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121. E-mail: rbadawi{at}msn.com


The purpose of the research that the author did was to determine the effect of leadership style on employee performance, the effect of work discipline on employee performance. And to determine the effect of leadership style and work discipline together on employee performance at PT KMS Serpong. The population and sample in this study were employees at PT KMS Serpong, totaling 112 samples with a saturated sample technique. The research method used by the author is descriptive quantitative method, the method of collecting data by distributing questionnaires which is then processed using regression analysis. The test used to test the research instrument in the form of validity and reliability tests. classic assumption test, namely: normality test, multicollinearity test, and autocorrelation test. Hypothesis test consists of: correlation test, determination test Simple linear regression test, multiple linear regression test, t test (partial) and F test (simultaneous) with the help of SPSS 24 Software for Windows. Based on the results of the research on the descriptive test, it is known that the leadership style variable is the number of statements answered with agreeable words of 53.3% or with agreed criteria, work discipline variable with agreeing words of 54.7% or agreeing criteria, and those who answer agree on the variable The performance of employees who agree is 54.3% or in the category of agreeing to the statement. The results of the analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence between leadership style and work discipline on employee performance at PT KMS Serpong. This can be seen from the multiple linear regression value Y = 13,465 + 0,569 X1 + 0,447 X2, the constant value of 13.465 indicates that if the Leadership Style (X1) and Work Discipline (X2) are worth 0, then the employee performance value is 13.465. The correlation coefficient value is 0.861, the coefficient of determination of the leadership style and work discipline variables contributes an influence of 74.2%, the influence of leadership style and work discipline on employee performance is significant because it has an Fcount value of 11.065 > Ftable 3.08 and a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05.


In the 26-year history of US offshore drilling operations, 140 serious mishaps involving mobile drilling rigs have occurred. The major causes have been blowouts (31%), storms (24%), and fair weather towing incidents (22%). In 1980 alone, 22 major accidents took place, reflecting the large 1979-1980 increase (17%) in the mobile-rig fleet. Shortages of experienced personnel, operations in tougher geographical and geological locations, and a growing number of old rigs in use are factors contributing to the recent high rate of rig accidents.


Article history: Received 13 August 2016 Received in revised form 14 November 2016 Accepted 20 November 2016 The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of age and gender in sound reflection of anxiety with acoustic analysis. In the study, 148 speech records that express the emotions of the actors as anxiety and neutral were used as the data set. PRAAT software is used for acoustic analysis. The ANOVA method was used to analyze the data. The according to the results of statistical analysis, gender and age increased the count of acoustic parameters that affected of anxiety. The standard deviation of F0 increased too much, jitter local and jitter rap increased mid-range and other parameters did not change when examined changes based gender. The mean of F0, shimmer apq3 and number of unvoiced frame decreased to mid-range, the standard deviation of F0 and jitter local increased too much, the standard deviation of F3 and jitter rap increased to mid-range and other parameters did not change when examined changes based age. The changes occurring in emotions cause changes in sound by affecting respiratory and muscle tension. The anxiety has been changed according to gender and age because the number of parameters in the analysis based on the gender and age is more. The gender causes change in the speed of glottic cycle and this change increases with anxiety. In addition, vocal cords by both male and female occur irregularities and this case also differs according to age. The irregularities in intensity of sound in lower ages are being further while the pauses in the conversation with advancing age are increasing.


IN 1956 Shea modified House's stapedectomy technique by covering the fenestrated oval window, first with 'a thin slice of connective tissue', and later with a vein graft from the back of the patient's hand, and connecting this to the incus with a polythene strut. Since then, many operators have had the opportunity to re-explore stapedectomy patients' ears because of a recurrence of conductive hearing loss. The causes of such late failures, where polythene struts have been used in the first operation, have been reported as due to osseous closure of the oval window by otosclerotic bone, to development of an incus or malleus ankylosis, to dislocation of the prosthesis from the incus, to necrosis of the tip of the long process of the incus, and to fixation of the prosthesis to the margin of the oval window. The following case report deals with a revision stapedectomy following the use of a polythene strut and fat graft which revealed an unusual finding.


We report an 81-year-old man with hypoplastic atlas resulting in a severe stiff feeling in the bilateral shoulders, spastic tetraparesis, and hypesthesia below the C2 segment level of the spinal cord. These symptoms are compatible with compression of the high cervical cord. Neuroimaging studies revealed a narrowing of the spinal cord by compression of the hypoplastic atlas. Laminoplasty of the atlas was performed under general anesthesia, and the patient's symptoms were resolved. Operated cases of older patient's with atlas hypoplasia have been rarely reported. Laminoplasty of the atlas is a safe and useful procedure for high cervical compression due to hypoplastic atlas.


Recently BES collaboration observed one interesting resonance X(1835). We point out that its mass, total width, production rate and decay pattern favor its assignment as the second radial excitation of η′ meson very naturally. PACS number: 12.39.Mk, 13.25.Jx, 11.30.Er


Hepatectomy remains associated with complication rates around 30-50%. Delayed return of gastrointestinal function (DRGF) has been reported in 10-20%.

 This study aimed to assess DRGF predictors after hepatectomy.

 This study included all consecutive adult patients undergoing hepatectomy between 01/2010 and 12/2019. DRGF was defined as need of postoperative nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion. Patients leaving the operation room with a NGT were excluded. Independent DRGF predictors were identified with multivariable logistic binary regression.

 A total of 502 patients were included. DRGF occurred in 82 patients (16%). Among DRGF patients, 17% (n=14) needed a second NGT placement. DRGF incidences were similar before and after Enhanced Recovery After Surgery implementation (16/78=21% vs. 66/423=16%, p=0.281). DRGF was more frequent after major hepatectomy (55/239=23% vs. 27/263=10%, p<0.001). DRGF occurred more frequently in patients with preoperative embolization (26/88=30% vs. 55/407=14%, p<0.001), biliary anastomosis (20/48=42% vs. 61/450=14%, p<0.001), and extrahepatic resection (37/108=34% vs. 45/393=11%, p<0.001). Patients with DRGF had longer median operation duration (374 vs. 263 min., p<0.001) and higher median blood loss (1088 vs. 701 mL, p<0.001). DRGF patients developed more pneumonias (14/22=64% vs. 8/22=36%, p<0.001) and had longer median length of stay (19 vs. 8 days, p<0.001). On multivariable analysis, operation duration (OR 1, 95%CI 1.002-1.008, p<0.001) and postoperative biloma/biliary leak (OR 3.3, 95%CI 1.8-7.7, p<0.001) were independently associated with DRGF occurrence.

 Postoperative DRGF occurred in 16% of the patients and was associated with longer length of stay. Surgery duration and postoperative biloma/biliary leak were found as independent predictors of DRGF.


Objective To explore the nonoperative methods for the treatment of bladder rupture.[WT5"HZ]Methods [WT5"BZ]37 patients with bladder rupture were treated with non operatively. 27 of them heed closing rupture, and 10 opening rupture. All the 37 patients used inserted Foleys catheter for 10 to 14 days,while antibiotics were applied. [WT5"HZ]Results[WT5"BZ] All the patients were cured. Follow up ranged from 2 months to 18 years, all the patients had normal micturition. [WT5"HZ]Conclusion[WT5"BZ] Non operation is a simple and reliable way to treat bladder rupture.


Declines in grassland diversity in response to nutrient addition are a general consequence of global change. This decline in species richness may be driven by multiple underlying processes operating at different time‐scales. Nutrient addition can reduce diversity by enhancing the rate of local extinction via competitive exclusion, or by reducing the rate of colonization by constraining the pool of species able to colonize under new conditions. Partitioning net change into extinction and colonization rates will better delineate the long‐term effect of global change in grasslands. We synthesized changes in richness in response to experimental fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with micronutrients across 30 grasslands. We quantified changes in local richness, colonization, and extinction over 8–10 years of nutrient addition, and compared these rates against control conditions to isolate the effect of nutrient addition from background dynamics. Total richness at steady state in the control plots was the sum of equal, relatively high rates of local colonization and extinction. On aggregate, 30%–35% of initial species were lost and the same proportion of new species were gained at least once over a decade. Absolute turnover increased with site‐level richness but was proportionately greater at lower‐richness sites relative to starting richness. Loss of total richness with nutrient addition, especially N in combination with P or K, was driven by enhanced rates of extinction with a smaller contribution from reduced colonization. Enhanced extinction and reduced colonization were disproportionately among native species, perennials, and forbs. Reduced colonization plateaued after the first few (<5) years after nutrient addition, while enhanced extinction continued throughout the first decade. Synthesis. Our results indicate a high rate of colonizations and extinctions underlying the richness of ambient communities and that nutrient enhancement drives overall declines in diversity primarily by exclusion of previously established species. Moreover, enhanced extinction continues over long time‐scales, suggesting continuous, long‐term community responses and a need for long‐term study to fully realize the extinction impact of increased nutrients on grassland composition.


The second generation of the EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS-SG) will include two conical scanning radiometer imaging missions, the Microwave Imager (MWI, measuring in the microwave/millimeter spectrum) and the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI, measuring in the millimeter and sub-millimeter spectrum) that will be flown on the EPS-SG B satellites. Recently, new advanced versions of MWI and ICI Level 1B (L1B) and Level 2 (L2) test data packages have been released by EUMETSAT. These test data are described in detail hereafter.


Objective:To investigate the feasibility without blood transfusion in operations on chest. Methods:Review 62 cases of oprations on chest without blood transfusion. Results:There were no complications ralated to blood transfusion in all patients. Conclusion:It is possible that operations on chest may be perfomed without blood transfusion.


Consider a bi-allelic population subject to neutral reproduction, genic selection and mutation, which is susceptible to exceptional changes in the environment. Neutral reproductions are modeled as in the classical Wright--Fisher diffusion model, mutation is parent independent and genic selection is reflected by an additional rate at which fit individuals reproduce. Moreover, changes in the environment accentuate the selective advantage of fit individuals. The evolution of the type composition is then described by a Wright--Fisher-type SDE with a jump term, modeling the effect of the environment and involving the stochastic derivative of a subordinator. Our interest in this paper is twofold: on the one side we aim to understand the influence of the environment in the type composition in the population, and on the other hand we aim to reveal the ancestral picture behind this model. The latter is described by means of an extension of the ancestral selection graph (ASG). The relation between forward and backward objects is given via duality. More precisely, we establish annealed and quenched moment dualities between the type-frequency process and the block-counting process of a variant of the ASG. As an application, we obtain a characterization of the moments of the asymptotic type distribution in the annealed and quenched form. In a similar way, we also obtain annealed and quenched results for the ancestral type distribution. In the absence of mutations, one of the types fixates and our results yield expressions for the fixation probabilities.


. We demonstrate two methods by which the wave UCRL-20667 functions of a system may be recovered from knowledge of the matrix elements of a complete ·set of · observables. -2


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on different types of university-based business school dean (BSD) in a context of insecurities within the business school business and more widely with changing business and educational models and disruptions such as the global financial crisis and Brexit. The position of the BSD is contextualised within the industry sector, institutionally, and in relation to individuals' tenures to make sense of how BSDs are operating on a burning platform. A well-established middle management strategic role framework is applied to the empirical data. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 50 one-to-one interviews were conducted with deans and their colleagues. Deans' behaviours were analysed according to attention paid to "facilitating", "synthesizing", "championing", and "implementing" strategic activities. Findings – Behaviours from primary professional identities as scholars and educators were identified as prevalent. It is suggested that to achieve greater legitimacy...


The purpose of this paper is to consider common and different properties between the languages that are used in South Korea and the society of Chinese Joseon race today. In South Korea Hangul is used exclusively or Hangul and Chinese characters are used at the same time or Hangul is mingled with Chinese characters and Roman characters. The society of Joseon race in China uses Hangul exclusively. Joseon race in China uses 2,253 concise letters that are made in 1956 among about 50 thousand Chinese characters. But in South Korea complicated characters are used. In South Korea and the society of Chinese Joseon race the orthography is established mainly according to morphologicalism. Nevertheless, there are different regulations among the orthography of South Korea and the society of Chinese Joseon race. Something among the same words is written differently in South Korea and the society of Chinese Joseon race. There are common things or different things among the kinds and names of the punctuations used in South Korea and the society of Chinese Joseon race. The regulations of leaving a space between words by unit together in South Korea and the society of Chinese Joseon race are the same. But they keep each different exceptional regulations. The regulations of pronunciation in South Korea and the society of Chinese Joseon race are common ones or different ones. There are occasions that South Korean and Chinese Joseon race pronounce the same words differently. Because the systems of politics, economy, culture etc. in South Korea and the society of Chinese Joseon race differ, there are vocabulary that words of an equal form indicate different meanings or words of a different form indicate equal meanings. The vocabulary that exists in South Korea does not exist in the society of Chinese Joseon race. The vocabulary that exists in the society of Chinese Joseon race does not exist in South Korea. Old illiterate persons among Joseon race in China use dialects that they have learned mainly from their own parents or grand-parents. Teenagers among Chinese Joseon race who leave hometown and study abroad in city use sentences that are correct according to North Korea`s prescriptive grammar. Because they are under the influence of the Chinese language, they use the translation style of the Chinese language. Illiterate persons among South Koreans always use sentences that reflect grammar of each regional dialect, while literate ones use sentences that reflect grammar of each regional dialect in private situations. But in public situations they use correct sentences accordant to prescriptive grammar or they use the translation style of Japanese and English.


A comparative evaluation of the study of the main traits of wool with indicators of the histostructure of the skin of rams has been shown that the fat content in wool averaged 13,1 %. The correlation coefficient between the percentage of pure wool yield and the amount of fat was 0,38. A negative correlation between the amount of wool shorn, the yield of pure fiber, and the length of the wool has been was obtained with the amount of sweat in the wool (P < 0,01). This suggests that the reduction of the sweat part in the fat content will occur to a certain extent due to indirect selection for wool productivity. As the level of the comprehensive evaluation has decreased, the wool thinned by an average of 0,98 microns. The difference in the length of the wool of rams of the 1st group with average indicators was 1,3 cm, and for the amount of wool shorn and the yield of pure fiber –1,18 kg and 7,17 %, respectively. A negative correlation (r = –0,50) has been obtained in rams with the thinness of 23,0–25,0 microns compared to herdmates with 18,0–20,0 microns when studying the correlation between follicle density and the primordial follicle/secondary follicle ratio. The narrower the DPF/DSF ratio the thinner the coat, and vice versa animals with the narrower ratio (0,98) have been characterized by a more balanced fiber. The correlation coefficient between the thinness of wool and the diameter of the secondary fiber was 0,42. With increasing thickness of the skin and especially its pilar layer the hair becomes shorter. Rams with a hair length of 10 cm have 19,2 % thicker skin and 23 % thicker pilar layer. There is a tendency to thicken the skin and pilar layer in rams of the 3rd group. Animals with the total follicle density of 80,0 pcs/mm[sup]2[/sup] or higher have 8,0 % less thickness compared to their herdmates who have 50,0 follicles per mm[sup]2[/sup] . Thus, the significant correlation has been found not only between the traits of fleece and wool, but also indicators of skin histostructure. This confirms the need to evaluate the fleece for the entire range of various properties of wool and skin histogenesis.


The text is taken from 1Peter, a letter probably written to a group of Christians in Asia Minor in the latter part of the 1st century. The passage in 1Pet 2:18–25 is an admonition to slaves to obey their masters despite cruel treatment in the form of beatings of their bodies. In support of this demand the writer draws on a presentation of Christ who endured unjust suffering. The text is analysed with perspectives from Foucault and a feminist critique of him by Elizabeth Grosz that relate "knowledge, power and bodies". On the surface the text appears to support the slave system, which renders slaves as "bodies without boundaries", i.e., without power to protect their bodies. However, the slaves are compared to Christ and his beaten body, and this discourse of comparison may not only support their suffering, but also represent a creation of an "inner body" as a symbol of healing.


The stability of the Cu3+ ion in an oxide matrix such as La2Li0.5M0.53+O4 (M = Cu, Ni, or Co) or La2-xSrxCu1-yLiyO4 (x = 0 or 0.15, y = 0 or 0.025) is examined. Heats of formation (as measured by solution calorimetry) and 7Li NMR have been used for this purpose. From the systematic nature of the reported heats of formation of binary compounds analyzed per ligand X ion, ΔHX, arguments are presented for the existence of a maximum value of ΔHX corresponding to a maximum ionicity (∼660 kJ/g at X). A scheme is then proposed to extract the heat of formation per oxygen, ΔH(Cu)O, in the CuO1+δ component of ternary copper oxides of metals such as La, Ba, Li, etc. which have ΔHO close to the maximum value. We then find that the value of ΔH(Cu)O in La2Li0.5M0.53+O4 (∼400 kJ/g at O) is very large relative to that in CuO (∼165 kJ/g at O) and suggests an ionic Cu3+−O2- linkage (metal oxidation). In La2-xSrxCuO4 the low value of ΔH(Cu)O is consistent with considerable O → Cu charge transfer and creation of holes on oxyg...


One of the important problems that influences the success of treatment with external fixators is pin loosening. Aseptic pin 100 sening is caused by bone injury which occours while insertion of the pins stresses or compressive by cyclic loading. These stress ses are mainly influenced by pin diameter and length. In this study, the function graphics of the mathematical formulas that used for calculations ofthe compressive stresses have been drawn by a computer. After evaluation of the se graphics we have concluded that the incidence of pin loosening could be lowered by using a fixator geometry that allows usage of shorter and thicker pins.


One of the interesting and important fields of research in pattern recognition is paper currency recognition. Every person of various countries uses currencies in their daily activities. The concentrate of this paper is on automatics and reliable currency recognition. The recognition operations for Myanmar currency denominations comprise six stages: image capturing, preprocessing, target region extraction, number segmentation, currency value recognition, and output with screen displaying and voice. This paper also presents the simulation of currency counting machine to replace the manual counting process. Myanmar currency recognition system is implemented by computing the correlation coefficient to compare the similarity for each currency value template via image processing steps in Matlab environment. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system the numbers of currency images are experimented with two kinds (fresh, and medium) of each seven types of denominations. Our system achieves quite low classification error. And counting machine simulator not only accurately counts the number of each currency denomination but also displays the total amount of sum of currency contained in the money containers.


Abstract A simple heat budget has been constructed for Mount Hope Bay (MHB) for two one-month periods: winter 1999 (February–March) and summer 1997 (August–September). The box model considered here includes the heat contributions to MHB from the Brayton Point Power Station (BPPS), the exchange across the air–water interface, the Taunton River, and the tidal exchange between MHB and both Narragansett Bay and the Sakonnet River (NB/SR). Comprehensive measurements of MHB temperature fields by Applied Science Associates, Inc., and meteorological data from T.F. Green Airport (Warwick, RI) were used to estimate the different heat flux component contributions. The box model results for winter show that the BPPS heating is balanced (within the uncertainty of the estimates) by air–water cooling alone. The simple winter balance does not hold during the summer, when heat losses due to tidal exchanges between MHB and NB/SR are important. The summer heat budget of MHB—including BPPS heating, air–water cooling and tidal exchange cooling—can be balanced (within the uncertainty of the estimates) by assuming that 3% of the colder NB/SR tidal input water is exchanged with the warmer MHB water during each tidal cycle. The air–water cooling accounts for 84.4% of the total cooling, and the tidal exchange accounts for 15.6% of the total cooling. Taunton River contributions to the heat budget were negligible in both seasons. Analyses show that the model temperature is most sensitive to uncertainty in the measurements used to estimate the air–water heat fluxes—the relative humidity in particular. Thus, local MHB measurements are important for accurate monitoring of the MHB heat budget in the future.


SUMMARY

The vigorous movement towards raising the levels of economic performance and consumption in the underdeveloped areas has become one of the central economic issues of our time. But so far no satisfactory theory has been constructed to explain this movement, its implications and effects.

The starting-point for any attempt to construct a theory of development in underdeveloped countries must be an analysis of the major factors and conditions responsible for economic growth in Western countries. These are: (1) capital formation of an impressive magnitude, as a continuous process increasing in breadth and intensity and including the formation of intellectual capital. The introduction of mechanical means of production was of paramount importance in this process, because it radically changed the rate of progress; (2) operation of effective incentives either in the form of material rewards (profits) or spiritual inducements or both; (3) availability of an expanding market to absorb the rising flow of goods; (4) tendency for a balanced ratio to be maintained between population growth and economic growth; (5) a succession of scientific discoveries and a readiness on the part of entrepreneurs and technicians to utilise them for the continual improvement of techniques of production; (6) apolitical regime and a social order conducive to economic development. Since several of these factors either do not obtain at all in underdeveloped countries, or obtain only partially, a theory of economic development built on the cornerstones of economic growth in the West would not fit conditions in underdeveloped countries.

The gradual change to an independent existence with higher standards of living and higher levels of economic performance is being brought about by a transfer of means and techniques of economic development from outside through a process of implantation. In place of the incentives which served in the Western world and which are not reproduced to the extent required to stimulate a comprehensive process of development in the immediate future, substitutes are in operation. Modern nationalism is one of the motive forces of economic development in underdeveloped countries. On the same plane is the acceptance of entrepreneurial functions by governmental agencies.

The progress in transferability of modern techniques of production has immensely facilitated the promotion of up-to-date processes of production and distribution in underdeveloped countries also. Finally, a difference is to be noted in the economic mechanism by which the various elements of the socio-economic process are geared together and kept in motion.


Post-disaster prevention strategies and education affect and shape the future development pattern and behavior of disaster prevention and reduction. Chengdu has made great achievements in disaster prevention education after the Wenchuan earthquake. Data from several dimensions has been analyzed through SPSS to explore the reasons for its success. The first dimension is disaster prevention education, including disaster research, disaster educational institution bases and disaster prevention education halls, etc. The second one is legal strategies for disasters, including current disaster-related policies and regulations of Chengdu. The disaster education in Chengdu over the ten years has been reviewed based on the weighted processing of historical data by SPSS. Though achievements have been made, there is room for improvement in the cultivation of a legal cultural concept for disasters and the establishment of a disaster accountability mechanism. Therefore, this paper reviewed the past legal education experience of Chengdu and made targeted suggestions based on the discrete processing analysis of multiple factors of post-disaster education so as to provide more thoughts on future disaster prevention strategies and legal education for disasters.


The design of hardware system for unmanned surface vehicle using IPC is introduced. The hardware system includes shore-based monitoring system, USV carrier and wireless transmission system. The key to USV carrier is IPC and PCI8602 data acquisition card, and PCI8602 is used to control DC motor and other sensors. The differential global positioning system connects with IPC through serial ports of RS232. Shore-based monitoring system mainly includes PC Computers, and wireless transmission system connects with IPC and PC Computer, through serial ports of RS232, so that it achieves wireless data transmission. Then, the experiment results indicate that the hardware system for USV has succeeded to accomplish remote control.


Children who experience a disharmony in cognitive socio-educational and emotional maturation and functioning can have difficulties in acquisition of the educational contents, in adaptation and functioning in social environment, i.e. psycho-social disorders. Such difficulties are frequently misunderstood and ascribed to maladaptive behavior, mental insufficiency, or neglect in upbringing by caretakers. The aim of the paper is to point out the manifest indicators of specific/nonverbal learning difficulties to those responsible for upbringing and/or education of the child who are the first to encounter the fact that a child does not respond to requirements the same as the majority of his peers do, or has difficulties in progressing and/or learning. Another aim is to highlight the importance of cooperation and engagement of a team of experts of different profiles who will, by adequate intervention and strategic work with children and consultative work with teachers and educators, do their best to solve the (recognized) problem.


This study presents a conceptual approach to the topic of third sector organizations. It is a bibliographical work that makes it possible to specify the definition of non-profit entities, to reveal and distinguish * Departamento de Gobierno y Empresa, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com Recibido: 03-06-09/ Aceptado: 16-11-09 their most relevant characteristics, systematize the diverse classifications and make a proposal regarding the principal external and internal control mechanisms that exist. The essay ends with a summary presentation of empirical works on the topic, especially in Latin America, but also in Europe.


Mere appearance: narration as technique in lyrical verse
In recent years the traditional juxtaposition of the narrative and the lyric in Afrikaans poetry has been challenged due to the emergence of new hybrid forms. It seems that there is no hard and fast separation to be made between lyrical and narrative aspects in poetry and that both have often occurred more or less together, though not always recognised as such. It does appear, though, that in the main, lyrical and narrative poetry remain distinct from one another. However, in the new (hybrid) narrative lyrical forms, the nature of both lyrical and narrative aspects changes due to the other's proximity. When such lyrical poems incorporate narrative elements, those elements assume a definite lyrical character and are subsumed by the lyrical, despite their narrative appearance. But the character of the resident lyrical elements also changes under pressure of the narrative elements. This article tries to show how these occur, and I refer to two poems to illuminate my points.


Aiming at the online fault diagnoses of the power cable, an online Power Cable Monitoring system is built by using the virtual instrument platform Lab VIEW. In the system, the monitoring surface is designed by using the graphical programming language, and the data acquisition card PCI6221 is used to capture the data and to monitor the state of the online cable. The experiment shows that the functions of the friendly interface, the visual display of the online data of the power cable traveling waves, and the reliable data processing measure are implemented. The system provides the hardware support for the online cable monitoring and fault diagnosis.


The improvement of Service Apps has a strong driving effect on the overall improvement of the medical industry. Besides, it is more conducive to the prevention and control of the COVID-19 outbreak for patients with chronic and mild diseases to use the online inquiry. Therefore, in this paper, the status quo of comprehensive service design for large-scale hospitals in Zhengzhou, China is analyzed and summarized, and the necessary requirements for establishing a unified UI (User Interface) design centered on users (patients) are studied, in order to enhance and improve the design content of inappropriate placement and use of UI.Using the existing model of integrated services, an evaluation project is proposed for users. A survey study is made on investigating the needs for UI design in large general hospitals from a service perspective based on relevant theories, which aims to achieve enhancement of the hospital system, reach work productivity and increase brand-name value of hospital services. It involves the lack of unity of information systems and user confusion due to the different forms. To solve this problem, user-centric UI design includes a coherent interface, an experiential design component, and a visual component. Therefore, in this study, the network service App and UI design needs of large hospitals in Zhengzhou City are investigated and summarized.Based on the situational design method, the user centered design fully considers the user needs in different situations and gives feedback, so as to improve the user experience. The integrated design model of service design created in this study will help large general hospitals in Zhengzhou to establish organic, efficient and high-quality health care services, and realize a general hospital system to improve service experience and service satisfaction for all users.


Jan Shelton Nichols. ACCELERATED READER AND ITS EFFECT ON FIFTHGRADE STUDENTS' READING COMPREHENSION. School of Education, March, 2013. Schools in the United States have been using the Accelerated Reader (AR) program since the mid-1980s. A search of the literature related to the effectiveness of the AR program revealed that many of the studies were conducted more than a decade ago, and a large number of those studies failed to utilize a control group to provide comparative data. Researchers and educators have examined the use of the AR program, whose parent company is Renaissance Learning, for more than 20 years, yet there is still little definitive data on whether the system positively affects student reading comprehension and motivation to read. This causal-comparative design, in the form of an ex post facto study, examined two groups of fifth-grade students to determine if the addition of AR showed statistically significant effects on their reading comprehension. Data were gathered from both an experimental and a control group; the control group utilized the school system's literacy plan for reading instruction, while the experimental group utilized the literacy plan along with mandatory use of AR. Independent t-tests were used to determine if the treatment (AR) had any effect on reading comprehension by group or by gender. The results from the independent t-tests showed no statistically significant effect for reading method by group and no statistically significant effect for gender by group. Copyright © 2013 by Jan Shelton Nichols


: In healthcare services, patient medical records are becoming large in size and the complexity of exchanging patient records such as prescription detail, referral data, diagnosis status and appointment schedules between various clinic-units can be a problem without a fully integrated system. Moreover, access to patient records requires privacy. Quite a number of works have been conducted on healthcare services to address issues such as medical record inconsistency, lack of immediate record storage and retrieval and paper-based approach. Consequently, this work tries to automate and enhance the clinical services of Sule Lamido University Clinic by developing a web-based application. The application will allow both the clinicians and patients to have access to electronic records easily, which will, in turn, minimize the cost, difficulties, and ineffectiveness of working with patients' records manually and to enhance the benefits and profits in running the clinic services. It can be used in decision making as it provides complete, reliable, accessible and understandable information pointing to the clinic progress and shortcomings. Initially, the problems of the current system were identified, the requirements were however specified and analyzed. Model of the system was designed and implemented using SDLC and finally, the system was tested and validated. The results revealed that the system complies with the specified requirements. Hence, the objectives under which the system is defined were achieved.


This guide provides recommendations for using library resources to research Dracula and related topics. Use this guide to find information in books, library databases, and websites


A study was undertaken to determine the mechanical properties of the cotton stalk in relation to design of cotton stalk pulling machinery. Mechanical properties of the cotton stalk such as hardness, crushing and bending strength were studied. A set-up was developed for the laboratory testing of cotton stalk specimen. It consisted of a tripod made of angle iron and a provision was made to screw a probing ring to it to record the force applied to the specimen. The probing ring was calibrated in the laboratory to record force in Newton (N). Samples of LH-1556 variety of cotton were used and the properties at stalk moisture content of 61% and 55.5% were recorded. Tests were executed at 2.15 mm/s rate of loading till failure occurred. The hardness of cotton stalk varied from 30.12 to 56.14 N and 36.63 to 64.82 N at moisture contents of 61% and 55.5% respectively. The range of crushing strength was 4.61 to 10.11 N/mm2 at 61.0% stalk moisture and 4.00 to 13.69 N/mm2 at 55.5% stalk moisture. The bending strength of the cotton stalk varied form 29.92 to 87.16 N/mm2 at 61.0% stalk moisture 44.37 and 111.88 N/mm2 at 55.5% stalk moisture. The range of bending strength was 21.22 N/mm2 to 42.85 N/mm2 61.0% stalk moisture and at 55.5% stalk moisture varied from 21.89 to 53.70 N/mm2. Statistical analysis showed that stalk moisture content had significant effect on all the mechanical properties studied at 5% level of significance.


Gamma-ray imaging using quasi-monochromatic and energy-tunable photon beam was done. The photon was produced by the laser-Compton backscattering of 300-800 MeV electrons with laser photons. Images of a bulky material were obtained using 3 MeV and 20.7 MeV photons.


A 46yearold woman with a history of gastroschisis, for which she underwent surgery at birth, presented with a diagnosis of endometrioid endometrial cancer (grade 2). A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed congenital absence of the inferior infrarenal vena cava. In order to better understand the collateral vascular venous anatomy, we built a threedimensional CT scan image in case a paraaortic lymphadenectomy was required (Figures 1 and 2). Ultimately, the patient underwent a laparoscopic hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and sentinel lymph node mapping for a low grade endometrial cancer. Twitter Felix Boria @BoriaFelix


Abstract The insect growth regulator (IGR), diflubenzuron (Dimilin 2L), was evaluated for its effect on development of Copidosoma floridanum (Ashmead) and its host, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), when applied at 0.035 kg ai/ha to soybean, Glycine max (L.), a rate used in preventive programs for control of velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner. Parasitized and nonparasitized soybean looper larvae were fed either diflubenzuron-treated or nontreated foliage. The feeding period of parasitized larvae was 1.7 and 1.8 d longer on diflubenzuron-treated and nontreated foliage, respectively, than that of nonparasitized larvae. Pupation period of C. floridanum and soybean looper was not significantly influenced by diflubenzuron. Although parasitized soybean looper fed both foliage treatments experienced 100% mortality, nonparasitized soybean looper fed nontreated foliage was 23.2% and nonparasitized soybean looper fed diflubenzuron-treated foliage was 12.2%. Parasitized soybean looper fed nontreated foliage consumed 19.2% more leaf area than nonparasitized larvae fed nontreated foliage, whereas parasitized soybean looper fed diflubenzuron-treated foliage consumed 21.2% more leaf area than nonparasitized larvae on the same foliage. There was no significant difference in number of parasitoids emerging from host mummies among treatments; however, there was a positive correlation between leaf area consumed and adult parasitoids per mummy. Diflubenzuron does not appear to produce deleterious effects in C. floridanum or its host, soybean looper, at the current rate used for management of other lepidopteran pests.


Newcastle disease is an acute,septicemic and contagious disease caused by Newcastle disease virus.At the present,ND is prevalent in China and can cause heavy economic losses,and has been attached great importance to the control of this disease.Especially,the widely occurred atypical Newcastle disease has caused many difficulties for the diagnosis and control.This paper overviewed the pathogen,comprehensive control and treatment measures of ND in order to supply a reference for farmers.


The first quantum cryptography protocol, proposed by Bennett and Brassard in 1984 (BB84), has been widely studied in recent years. This protocol uses four states (more precisely, two complementary bases) for the encoding of the classical bit. Recently, it has been noticed that by using the same four states, but a different encoding of information, one can define a protocol which is more robust in practical implementations, specifically when attenuated laser pulses are used instead of single-photon sources [V. Scarani et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 057901 (2004), referred to as the SARG04 protocol]. We present a detailed study of SARG04 in two different regimes. In the first part, we consider an implementation with a single-photon source: we derive bounds on the error rate $Q$ for security against all possible attacks by the eavesdropper. The lower and the upper bound obtained for SARG04 ($Q\ensuremath{\lesssim}10.95%$ and $Q\ensuremath{\gtrsim}14.9%$, respectively) are close to those obtained for BB84 ($Q\ensuremath{\lesssim}12.4%$ and $Q\ensuremath{\gtrsim}14.6%$, respectively). In the second part, we consider a realistic source consisting of an attenuated laser and improve on previous analysis by allowing Alice to optimize the mean number of photons as a function of the distance. The SARG04 protocol is found to perform better than BB84, both in secret-key rate and in maximal achievable distance, for a wide class of Eve's attacks.


Aims:  To develop a multiplex real‐time PCR assay using TaqMan probes for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of potato powdery scab and common scab, two potato tuber diseases with similar symptoms, and the causal pathogens Spongospora subterranea and plant pathogenic Streptomyces spp.


We attempt to analyze why the adoption of the mobile number portability policy incurs no (or very little) effect in encouraging competition in the telecommunication market. The cause is related to network externality. The level of network externality can be characterized by the proportion of any individual's friends who are also adopting in the same carrier as the individual does. We find that such network externality may prohibit competition in the telecommunication market when termination-based pricing is prevailing. When termination-based pricing is prohibited, carriers cannot take advantage of network externality. We characterize the conditions such that without termination-based pricing, carriers become more competitive and consumers benefit more than with termination-based prices. Our study provides insightful implication on how to effectively impose the mobile number portability policy to improve competition in the telecommunication market.


Development and Validation of a One-Zone Model for FireInduced Pressure Prediction in Airtight Houses Sylvain Brohez*, Francesco Cabras, a University of Mons, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Enginerring, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium. b Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Via Zamboni, 33 40126 Bologna, Italia email@example.com


Background: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are an added economic burden on the healthcare system and thus a well-recognized public health problem affecting the quality of life of patients. Evidence-based systematic reviews on ADRs from India are sparse. A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken from the literature with prospective monitoring for identifying ADRs related to anti-microbial drugs in Indian patients according to the PRISMA guidelines. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from January 2001 until July 2018 were searched for identification of literature and information pertaining to the characteristics of pharmacovigilance studies such as occurrence, class of drug, age, gender, structure of hospital was collated. ADR occurrence was calculated using random-effects model meta-analysis with their 95% confidence intervals and heterogeneity evaluation. Result: For systematic review and meta-analysis, 115 and 61 prospective studies respectively were included. There is a substantial difference observed among the types of reported ADRs, seriousness and types of medicines due to variations in study methodology. The pooled ADR incidence was 4.92% [CI 95% 2.77 – 7.63] among the included 61 studies published over 18-year period, however, the results should be considered cautiously owing to high heterogeneity (I2 = 99.97% [95% CI: 99.96 – 99.98]). The most frequently associated ADRs against antimicrobial drugs were attributed to skin and sub-cutaneous tissue disorders (30.33%), followed by gastrointestinal disorders (22.83%). Most of the ADRs are attributed to the beta-lactam antibiotics (including penicillin and cephalosporins) followed by aminoglycosides. Conclusion: The incidence for anti-microbials observed was lower in comparison to the global studies. The study highlights variations among the studies and the need to standardize the reporting criteria among the reported studies across country.


Technological developments influence on technological progress in the world of IT (Information Technology), which is also growing rapidly. This resulted in the company is required to meningkatkatkan its business excellence strategy. This strategy can be achieved either by improving the internal conditions of the company, namely by improving the management strategy, with emphasis on the market for the product, focus, market share and profits, as well as by external expansion. Behind these strategies is most important is how the company determines the value of the company and do business over the company's valuation. There is also information that is not written, namely through the interviews to the directors or officers of the company designated for that activity is corporate secretary. This information is very important because it is the views and projections about the company in the future. The end result of the valuation is a value that is always compared with the price in the market. In addition to commercial enterprises, enterprise IT (Information Technology) or Startup also need minghitung value of the company. Company IT (Information Technology) or pengembangannnya startup companies that are engaged in IT (Information Technology), one of which is Patriarch. Patriarch is a company engaged in the sale of splint shaped puzzle making it easier for medical personnel in the process of supplying and installation. Patriarch in its development requires investment funding from investors. Patriarch need to know the business value of startupnya, so startup Patriarch can easily tell the investor the amount of funds needed at this time. Keywords : Startup, Company Value, Financial, Non-Financial .