We have fabricated and characterized laser-ablated micromirrors on fused silica substrates for constructing stable Fabry-Perot optical cavities. We highlight several design features which allow these cavities to have lengths in the 250-300 μm range and be integrated directly with surface ion traps. We present a method to calculate the optical mode shape and losses of these micromirror cavities as functions of cavity length and mirror shape, and confirm that our simulation model is in good agreement with experimental measurements of the intracavity optical mode at a test wavelength of 780 nm. We have designed and tested a mechanical setup for dampening vibrations and stabilizing the cavity length, and explore applications for these cavities as efficient single-photon sources when combined with trapped Yb171+ ions.


This paper discusses some iterative solving strategies for open-boundary electromagnetic problems, in which the global algebraic system is partly sparse and partly dense. Three problems are considered: electrostatic, time-harmonic skin effect, and time-harmonic scattering in open-boundary domains. These problems are formulated, respectively, by means of the hybrid FEM -BEM, FEM -DBCI and FEM -RBCI methods. The paper shows that in all these cases a very good solving strategy is based on the use of the GMRES solver, virtually applied to a suitably reduced algebraic system, in which the unknowns are only the truncation boundary ones.


Pequi peel comprises 76% of the whole fruit and it is discarded during consumption. Thus, pequi peel has been considered a solid residue, although it has potential for use in various applications. Limitations in the use of this material are mainly due to the lack of information of its nutritional composition, especially about the toxic or antinutritional factors. Soaking is often used to prepare complementary foods and has been reported to be beneficial for enhancing nutritive value. The effect of soaking on the nutritional quality of pequi peel flour was determined by measuring changes in chemical composition, antinutritional factors, total phenols and in vitro protein and starch digestibility. The results showed that 24 h of maceration increases the content of lipids (200%), protein (28.3%) and dietary fibber (31%), while carbohydrate and ash content decreases. There were no haemagglutination activity or α-amylase inhibitors, but it was detected the presence of phytic acid (0.4 g 100 g-1). The soaking reduced 8.5% phenols and 19.0% tannins, 6.2% protein digestibility, and was also effective to eliminate trypsin inhibitors, and increase starch digestibility (24.2%). Soaking was efficient to improve nutritional characteristics of the pequi peel flour, opening up possibilities for its use in food formulations.


Control of chemical photoionization, dissociation, and rearrangement is demonstrated using tailored intense (10 W cm) laser pulses. The laser pulses are created using a closedloop learning algorithm with the product distribution guiding the shape of the laser pulses. Control is demonstrated for the production of the acetone parent ion ((CH3)2CO ), the competition of the products CH3CO + vs. CH3 + during CH3COCF3 laser induced dissociation, and the rearrangement acetophenone (C6H5COCH3) to produce C6H5CH3 vs. C6H5 + CH3CO. The generic nature of the technique is demonstrated and the fundamental underlying principles of such strong-field control experiments are considered.


The short editorial introduces to the new issue of the Review. Starting from the 2015 volume, the journal is changing its copyright policy as well as its open access policy. Curiously often, economists consider everyone susceptible to respond to incentives, except the economists themselves. On the contrary, as shown for example by Necker (2014), "scientific misconduct" is very much diffused in economics, with e.g. almost one in five economists refraining from citing works in low-ranking journals, more than half (51.9%) admitting of not always checking the contents of the works they cite, and lower but equally alarming percentages of economists admitting of copying and plagiarising or massaging the data and faking empirical results. Therefore, while in some cases it may amount to little more than lip service, restating basic rules of ethics seems all the more relevant within the discipline of economics, and the present editorial wishes to lay down the minimum requirements of ethical behaviour expected from authors, editors, and referees.


The study investigates the relationship between oil price, revenue variation and economic growth in Nigeria. The study makes use of a secondary data spanning 1981 and 2016. The Auto‐regressive Distributed Lag was used to analyse the long‐run and short‐run relationship among the variables. The short‐run result shows that oil price and oil revenue positively significantly relates with economic growth, while consumer price index and exchange rate negatively relates with economic growth. In the long‐run, oil price, consumer price index and exchange rate positively relates with economic growth, while oil revenue negatively relates with economic growth. This implies that oil revenue has not been channelled in the direction of enhancing growth in Nigeria, while oil price has been in favour reason been that it determines a larger percentage of the country's revenue. From the findings, the study concludes that variations in oil price and oil revenue are strong determinant factors of economic growth in Nigeria. A major recommendation is that, oil revenue should be restructured towards the strategic sectors of the economy to aid the growth in Nigeria.


Objective
To evaluate the effect of air pollution on carbonylated protein level in the stratum corneum, and to assess the protective effect of pink pepper tree extracts and lipid mixtures on skin damage.

Methods
After the investigation of influencing factors in the preliminary experiment, fluorescence labelling assay was performed to detect the carbonylated protein level in the skin stratum corneum at different body sites of 34 healthy testees. Cigarette smoke was used to simulate pollutants, and the forearms of 15 healthy testees were exposed in the customized pollution simulation chamber with the flexor aspects facing upwards. After 0, 1, 2, 4, 5 hours of exposure, stratum corneum samples were collected by using D-squame tapes. In each of 14 selected healthy testees, 3 adjacent areas on the flexor aspect of unilateral forearm were divided into 3 groups: pink pepper tree group treated with 1% aqueous solution of pink pepper tree extracts, control group treated with deionized water, and blank group receiving no treatment. Then, the forearms of the 14 testees were exposed in the pollution simulation chamber for 5 hours, and stratum corneum samples were collected from the 3 areas before and after the exposure. Another 16 healthy testees were included, and 3 adjacent areas on the flexor aspect of their unilateral forearms were divided into 3 groups: lipid mixture group treated with 5% lipid mixture emulsion, control group treated with lipid mixture-free placebo emulsion, and blank group receiving no treatment. Then, the forearms of the 16 testees were exposed in the pollution simulation chamber for 5 hours, and stratum corneum samples were collected from the 3 areas before and after the exposure. Moreover, twenty healthy testees were enrolled into the double-blind split-face clinical trial. That is, one half of the face was randomly chosen to be treated with 1% emulsion of pink pepper tree extracts, and the other facial side was treated with placebo emulsion. Before and after 56-day treatment, stratum corneum samples were collected from the cheeks of testees by using D-squame tapes. Fluorescence labelling assay was conducted to detect the carbonylated protein level in the above stratum corneum samples.

Results
The analysis of 34 testees showed that carbonylated protein levels (average fluorescence intensity) significantly differed among different body sites (P < 0.001) , and the carbonylated protein levels were significantly higher in the cheeks (26.3 ± 7.1) and forehead (22.9 ± 7.9) than in the forearm (14.7 ± 4.9) and waist and back (12.6 ± 4.2) (P < 0.001) , and higher in the forearm than in the waist and back (P = 0.046) . In the short-term simulated accelerated exposure experiment, the carbonylated protein level increased along with the increase of the duration of exposure to pollution (R2 = 0.995 9) . After 5-hour exposure, the pink pepper tree group and lipid mixture group both showed significantly lower elevated levels of carbonylated protein in the stratum corneum (9.7 ± 5.2, 5.8 ± 4.9) compared with the corresponding blank groups (19.0 ± 10.0, 17.4 ± 8.8; P < 0.005) and control groups (18.5 ± 7.3, 15.9 ± 6.4; P < 0.005) . In the long-term human trial, the carbonylated protein levels significantly decreased in the facial side treated with 1% emulsion of pink pepper tree extracts for 8 weeks compared with the placebo-treated facial side.

Conclusion
Air pollution aggravates skin damage induced by protein carbonylation in the stratum corneum, and pink pepper tree extracts and lipid mixtures can effectively reduce the carbonylated protein level.

Key words:
Skin; Air pollution; Oxidative stress; Protein carbonylation; Pink pepper extract; Lipid mixture


The efficiencies of visible-light utilization and exciton dissociation are crucial for photocatalytic H2 evolution of poly(heptazine imide) (PHI), but simultaneously achieving both goals is still a grave challenge. Herein, we...


Light-weight photovoltaic (PV) modules can be easily integrated into buildings, vehicles, portable electronics, and many other special applications, thus leading to many potential markets for photovoltaics. In this work, we investigate the performance of several conventional and new module materials under damp-heat and pressure cooker tests with 105°C 85% relative humidity (RH) for the development of reliable light-weight PV. The top layer includes the conventional polyethylene terephthalate (PET), ethylene /tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) sheets and also a biocompatible, weather durable silicone/ polyurethane (PU) composite material, named as Compo-SiL ®, while the bottom layer is the conventional Tedlar/PET/Tedlar (TPT) back sheet. We also compare the performance of a thermal polyurethane (TPU) with the conventional ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) as the encapsulant. A single 6-inch polycrystalline solar cell is laminated with a combination of the materials above and then undergone the accelerated tests and periodical analyses of electrical performance, change of appearance, electroluminescence imaging. We have found that TPU as an encapsulant performs better than EVA under damp-heat test for 1000 hours, where the power conversion efficiency was not affected at all. However, TPU fails at the pressure cooker test with 105°C and 85% RH. On the other hand, the Compo-SiL ®, a silicone/ polyurethane (PU) composite material as the top layer performs better than the PET and ETFE under the pressure cooker test. The efficiency degradation is less than 10% after 1000 hours. These preliminary results may stimulate further research effort in the development of light-weight PV encapsulation.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of telbivudine treatment on blocking placenta HBV infection pregnant women with HBeAg+HBV DNA high titer.Methods Thirty-eight pregnant women with HBeAg positive and HBV DNA7.00log10copies/ml were divided into two groups of A[(18 cases,received telbivudine 600mg/d to one month postpartum since pregnancy(28±2)weeks] and B(20 cases,without telbivudine treatment as the control).All infants received active and passive immunization after birth.HBV-M quantitative test of pregnant women and newborns were determined using ELISA.HBV DNA levels in serum and placental tissue were determined using quantitative fluorescence PCR.Results Serum HBV DNA prior to delivery was lower in group A than that in group B[(3.87±1.12)log10copies/ml vs.(7.42±0.53)log10copies/ml](P0.01).So did HBV DNA in the placenta[(4.35±0.56)log10copies/ml vs.(5.16±0.40)log10copies/ml](P0.01).Conclusion Telbivudine treatment in late pregnancy would reduce mothers′ serum HBV DNA and block intrauterine infection.


Abstract In this paper, we present a graphene nanoribbon (GNR)-based terahertz antenna array modeling using the MoM-GEC method (the moments method combined with the generalized equivalent circuit). The quantum mechanical conductivity of graphene is used to introduce the graphene's effect in the mathematical formulation. The GNR is excited by a gap source with unit voltage localized in its center. The antenna structure is shielded in a rectangular waveguide with electric boundary walls. The proposed formulation is firstly validated and it yields efficient and accurate solutions. The obtained input impedance, current density distribution, and radiated electric field are presented to discuss the antenna performance in cases of single and antennas array. It is demonstrated that all results verify the boundary conditions and behave correctly corresponding to the physical laws. Furthermore, we showed that the antenna array leads to enhance the far-field communications for lower distances compared to conventional antenna.


Augustine is an important figure in the history of hermeneutics of the West, and his influence finds expression not only in his biblical hermeneutics but also in philosophical hermeneutics. Augustine accepted the distinctions between "inner logos" and "external logs" by Stoicism of the West and applied it to the interpretation of Christianity, arguing that there are only theoretical differences when God being taken into consideration, and as far as man is concerned, the two cannot always be unified. This kind of difference reveals the influential factors in the process of pursuing inner logos, which is embodied in a spirit of dialecticism. Gadamer was much under the influence of Augustine's hermeneutics, that is, the inner logos rather than the external logos. Gadamer shares with Augustine the basic ideas in this aspect, which is the key to a deep understanding of philosophical hermeneutics.


Abstract. A hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA) was operated at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch in order to characterize the hygroscopic diameter growth factors of the free tropospheric Aitken and accumulation mode aerosol. More than ~5000 h of valid data were collected for the dry diameters D0 = 35, 50, 75, 110, 165, and 265 nm during the 13-month measurement period from 1 May 2008 through 31 May 2009. No distinct seasonal variability of the hygroscopic properties was observed. Annual mean hygroscopic diameter growth factors (D/D0) at 90% relative humidity were found to be 1.34, 1.43, and 1.46 for D0 = 50, 110, and 265 nm, respectively. This size dependence can largely be attributed to the Kelvin effect because corresponding values of the hygroscopicity parameter κ are nearly independent of size. The mean hygroscopicity of the Aitken and accumulation mode aerosol at the free tropospheric site Jungfraujoch was found to be κ≈0.24 with little variability throughout the year. The impact of Saharan dust events, a frequent phenomenon at the Jungfraujoch, on aerosol hygroscopicity was shown to be negligible for D0 Aerosol hygroscopicity was found to be virtually independent of synoptic wind direction during advective weather situations, i.e. when horizontal motion of the atmosphere dominates over thermally driven convection. This indicates that the hygroscopic behavior of the aerosol observed at the Jungfraujoch can be considered representative of the lower free troposphere on at least a regional if not continental scale.


Nowadays, PD (partial discharge) measurements are a crucial part of the preventive maintenance of electrical equipment within high voltage engineering. Especially for electrical machines, both the supplier and the user are interested in the results of PD measurements. However, PDs hardly represent the cause of the failure, more likely they are claimed as the outcome of a failure. This paper deals with the insulation of a 6 kV electrical machine, whereas PD measurements were carried out at a single stator from wound coils. During manufacturing, these coils were equipped with different materials for the OCP (outer corona protection). Using different PD measurement systems and different bandwidths, investigations of the PD behavior of the coils were carried out. Additionally, the surface resistivity of the corona protection was determined. As a result, conclusions for the correlations between the resistance of the OCP as well as the PD behavior are stated. Furthermore, the influence of using different measurement systems, different measuring circuits, and different bandwidths is shown.


The purpose of this study is to find the attribute of the Nappa Milano onlinestore that needs improvement the most based on the result of the userexperience (UX) evaluation of the customers of Nappa Milano online store.Nappa Milano is a brand of male footwear that has been since 2013. This studyuses the UEQ framework to conduct the UX evaluation. There are severalattribute a website has which is the attractiveness, perspicuity, efficiency,dependability, stimulation, and Novelty. The result indicates that thePerspicuity attribute is the attribute that receives the most positive evaluationbecause it receives the score of 2.048 from the scale which ranges from -3 to 3.On the other hand, the novelty attribute is the attribute of the Nappa Milanoonline store that needs most improvement because it receives the mostnegative evaluation because it receives the score of 0.157 from the scale whichranges from -3 to 3.


Non-monolithic renderers are physically distributed me- dia playback engines. Non-monolithic renderers may use a number of different underlying network connection types to transmit media items belonging to a presentation. There is therefore a need for a media based and inter-network- type synchronization algorithm. NeighbourCast is a algo- rithm for synchronising nodes in a wireless ad hoc network. In this paper, we introduce an efficient extension to Neigh- bourCast, that allows non-monolithic rendering nodes to be synchronised across multiple networks, during a media presentation. Our results show that our algorithm matches the requirements we enlist for non-monolithic renderer syn- chronisation. Our results meet the requirements imposed by lip synchronization research done earlier.


A subset of 150 globular clusters (GCs) in M87 has been selected for abundance and age determinations from the 1997 sample of Cohen & Ryzhov. This has been done solely on the basis of the signal-to-noise ratios of the spectra. Indices that measure the strength of the strongest spectral features were determined for the M87 GCs and from new data for twelve galactic GCs. Combining the new and existing data for the galactic GCs and comparing the (U-R) colors and the line indices gave qualitative indications for the ages and abundances of the M87 GC system. Quantitative results, which confirm and extend the qualitative ones, were obtained by applying the Worthey models for the integrated light of stellar systems of a single age, calibrated by observations of galactic globular clusters, to deduce abundances and ages for the objects in our sample. We find that the M87 GCs span a wide range in metallicity, from very metal-poor to somewhat above solar metallicity. The mean [Fe/H] of -0.95 dex is higher than that of the galactic GC system, and there is a metal-rich tail that reaches to higher [Fe/H] than one finds among the galactic GCs. Excluding the very metal-rich tail, there is marginal evidence for a bimodal distribution over the single one at the 89% significance level. The two "subpopulations" in this model are located at -1.3 and -0.7 dex and contain 40% and 60% of the total, respectively. The dispersion in [Fe/H] for each of the model subpopulations is σ = 0.3 dex. The mean metallicity of the M87 GC system is about a factor of 4 lower than that of the M87 stellar halo at a fixed projected radius R. The metallicity inferred from the X-ray studies is similar to that of the M87 stellar halo, not to that of the M87 GC system. We infer the relative abundances of Na, Mg, and Fe in the M87 GCs from the strength of their spectral features. The behavior of these elements between the metal-rich and metal-poor M87 GCs is similar to that shown by the galactic GCs and by halo stars in the Galaxy. The pattern of chemical evolution in these disparate old stellar systems is, as far as we can tell, identical. Superposed on a very large dispersion in abundance at all R, there is a small but real radial gradient in the mean abundance of the M87 GCs with R, but no detectable change in the Hβ index with R. We obtain a median age for the M87 GC system of 13 Gyr, similar to that found for the galactic GCs. The dispersion about that value (σ = 2 Gyr) is small.


The author explores the national energy policy pursued by the Reagan administration and the DOE, and how the future of natural gas fits into that policy. In contrast to previous adminstrations, the author finds current policy supportive of a healthy, unencumbered private sector economy to produce and distribute adequate supplies of energy. The administration wants to work with industry, including the gas industry to streamline the federal apparatus, making it supportive rather than managerial and cooperative rather than adversarial.


It has been proposed that mechanical strain is a principal determinant of bone formation and a minimum effective strain threshold may be surpassed to activate new bone formation. It is therefore critical to evaluate local and global strain distributions at high resolution. Strain gauges, frequently used in bone mechanics, do not provide sufficient resolution or 3D components in strain distributions. DSPI (Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry), originally called ESPI (Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry), can achieve whole-field, non-contacting measurement of microscopic three deformation components and, thus, for high-resolution determination of strain distributions. It does have been applied for bone strain measurement. This paper presents recent developments of DSPI for bone strain measurement, which include measurement of 3D-deformations based on determining absolute deformation, measurement of 3D-deformations and strain on a curve surface (bone has usually a curve rather than flat surface) and so on. The theory and methodology of DSPI for deformation and strain measurement are described. In particular, the potentials and limitations for bone strain measurement are discussed. The applications are demonstrated by examples of strain measurements for different materials and bones.


This research reviews and analyzes the effect of women status in the household and its component on the food security of fisher and rice farmer households in two different villages, which are Bontomanai Village at coastal region and Taraweang Village at rice producer region, Labakkang Subdistrict, Pangkep  District, South Sulawesi Province. Two hundreds of respondents are involved consisting 100 fisher households and 100 rice farmer households. Respondents are selected by simple random sampling. Multiple regression model is used to determine the factors affecting household food security. Of two household groups and using food range as the indicator of household food security, fisher household shows relatively better degree of food security than rice farmer household. Result of research indicates that women status is not having obvious effect on household food security although it has all conforming signs. Household income and household economic base have obvious effect on household food security. Keywords: Gender, Fisher, Rice Farmer, Food Security, Pangkep


Abstract In vitro chromium(VI) is unreactive toward DNA under physiological conditions. Therefore, the ability of chromium(VI) to damage DNA depends on the presence of cellular components capable of forming "reactive intermediates"; upon reaction with chromium(VI). We have examined the role of glutathione and hydrogen peroxide in chromium(VI)‐induced DNA damage in vitro. Reaction of glutathione with chromium(VI) produced significant levels of two chromium(V) complexes and glutathione thiyl radical, whereas reaction of chromium(VI) with hydrogen peroxide produced hydroxyl radical without producing detectable levels of chromium(V). Reaction of DNA with chromium(VI) in the presence of glutathione resulted in Cr‐DNA adducts with little DNA strand breakage. Reaction of DNA with chromium(Vl) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide produced the 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine adduct and extensive DNA strand breakage in the absence of significant Cr‐DNA adduct formation. These results suggest that the nature of chromium(VI)...


There is a large number of people who have not been able to learn about the pre-Columbian cultures that existed in our country for various reasons and want to learn this subject quickly and efficiently to complete their information about the history of our ancestors and power Share information with others; The new education proposes the union of technology with education to stimulate the skills and abilities of the person no longer in an inert way as in times past, but drawing the attention of the student in a dynamic way, action that is achieved with the use of Las ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in today's education, giving the symbiotic relationship between education and technology. Because the technology offers a range of tools, the teacher must be trained to master them and then based on the content and intensity of teaching learning, select from them the best that will serve for the generation of interactive material, which requires Not only the training of the teacher, but also the institution has an adequate technological infrastructure, as well as the updated tools that allow the teacher to fulfill their training activity. The best known are Internet, audio, video, games, blog, educational softwares, web pages, generic application programs, of which the most recommended are blogs and PowerPoint. In addition, information on the importance of ICT in the knowledge-building process is reported today.


Abstract : The pickup is applicable to the measurement and control of exhaust- gas temperatures in jet engines. The unit consists of a 2-lead platinum resistance thermometer with a sensing element encased in an 18-8 stainless-steel sheath. A flat grid of platinum is embedded in a ceramic insulation and is located within 0.75 in. of the flattened end of the tube. The electrical resistance vs temperature relation was determined for the range of 32 to 1600 F, and the resulting data were plotted. Response records of the pickup unit were obtained for gas-flow rates of 3, 5, and 8 lb/sec sq ft, and the results were tabulated. The recovery factor was determined to be 0.71. The tests indicated that the pickup probe is a rugged instrument which is capable of withstanding the rigors of normal jet engine operation.


In the years of fast IT growth,informatization in economy and social life has become the key point,which has promoted the growth of economy,for a country,a region or a city.The study on the relationship between the informatization level and economic growth has become a hot field in information economics.In this thesis,analysis and comparison are given to the existing measurement methods of informatization level about their merits and faults,By using Granger Causality to test the relationship between the index of informatization level and economic growth and with analysis and induction to the results,Careful analysis is also made to the relationship between this relationship and the developing level of informatization and empirical analysis is done to prove the boundary theory of informatization level.


We use agency theory to analyze the development of the tax collection system in Prussia between 1640 and 1806. The Prussian tax system was one of the most efficient in early modern Europe. Scholars have argued that (1) the Prussian tax administration was highly bureaucratic, and (2) its efficiency was due primarily to its bureaucratic characteristics. We challenge both propositions. We show that the Prussian tax system deviatedfrom the bureaucratic ideal type in important respects. We then develop general propositions about the conditions under which bureaucratic forms of recruitment, monitoring, and sanctioning are more efficient than alternative forms of agency. We conclude that the efficiency of the Prussian tax collection system was caused by specific deviations from the ideal-typical bureaucracy that increased the ability of rulers to control tax officials.


• Background and Design.— Diagnosis of autoimmune pemphigus is based on the immunodetection of IgG deposits in the epidermal intercellular spaces. Desmoglein is a desmosomal component that has been assumed to be the antigen of pemphigus foliaceus. We investigated the use of one monoclonal antibody (32-2B) to desmoglein 1 on paraffin sections. Twenty-nine pemphigus samples were studied (22 pemphigus vulgaris, seven pemphigus foliaceus). Results.— In 29 patients suffering from autoimmune pemphigus, the staining for desmoglein was represented by coarse granules along the cytoplasmic borders of epithelial cells in lesional and perilesional skin and in mucous membranes. This peculiar staining is different from the fine dots along the cytoplasmic membrane observed in normal skin. This abnormal staining seems to be specific for pemphigus. Hereditary acantholytic diseases and other diseases such as bullous pemphigoid, intraepidermal IgA dermatosis, eczema, herpes, and transient acantholytic dermatosis show a similar pattern to normal skin. Conclusion.— The use of 32-2B on biopsy specimens in cases of autoimmune pemphigus demonstrated a specific staining pattern. It could be used on paraffin sections as a diagnostic test of autoimmune pemphigus. It can even be done retrospectively. ( Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:596-599)


such objects as termini of processes of intellectual activity, desirable because they mark the successful traverse, orig inally by a scholar or a researcher and now by a student, of a pathway toward understanding. In a curriculum con cerned primarily with specific under standings of specific objects, discussion as a device of instruction may be de fended as a peculiarly powerful teaching instrument, in view of the depth of un derstanding and the greater degree of retention which characterizes the knowl


A hazards analysis was initiated for the SWS in July 2001 (SNF-8626, K Basin Sludge and Water System Preliminary Hazard Analysis) and updated in December 2001 (SNF-10020 Rev. 0, Hazard Evaluation for KE Sludge and Water System - Project A16) based on conceptual design information for the Sludge Retrieval System (SRS) and 60% design information for the cask and container. SNF-10020 was again revised in September 2002 to incorporate new hazards identified from final design information and from a What-if/Checklist evaluation of operational steps. The process hazards, controls, and qualitative consequence and frequency estimates taken from these efforts have been incorporated into Revision 5 of HNF-3960, K Basins Hazards Analysis. The hazards identification process documented in the above referenced reports utilized standard industrial safety techniques (AIChE 1992, Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures) to systematically guide several interdisciplinary teams through the system using a pre-established set of process parameters (e.g., flow, temperature, pressure) and guide words (e.g., high, low, more, less). The teams generally included representation from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), K Basins Nuclear Safety, T Plant Nuclear Safety, K Basin Industrial Safety, fire protection, project engineering, operations, and facility engineering.


Awareness of environmental protection among the public is on the rise. The regulatory bodies in the world and especially in Kuwait are concerned with identifying the risks posed by closed landfill sites. In this study, quantitative risk assessment for the leachate generated from Al-Sulaibiya closed landfill in Kuwait was carried out after conducting a site investigation. Risk assessments are widely used to manage environmental issues. This study was conducted to assess the groundwater contamination due to landfill leachate. Three boreholes were drilled, in addition to the existing old boreholes at the landfill site. Leachate samples were collected and were analyzed. The results of analyses indicated high concentrations of nitrate, sulfate, iron, and other metals in the leachate samples. The quantitative risk assessment indicates that a number of leachate samples exceeded the contamination limits, raising concerns about the contamination and toxicity at the landfill site.


FOR thirty years Dr. Johnston-Lavis has devoted much of his life to the investigation and elucidation of volcanic phenomena as illustrated by the classical type-volcano Vesuvius. To him we owe the great geological map of Vesuvius and Somma, and a detailed memoir in which he worked out the geology of that very complex Neapolitan volcano, as well as numerous papers upon several eruptions.


In order to solve the reliability and security problems which are caused by the structural alteration to the traditional steering system, the fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control method for the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) of Steer-By-Wire (SBW) system is studied. The architecture of the dual-core fault-tolerant control system based on the mechanisms of distributed processing and exception decision is proposed. And hardware-in-the-loop simulation is done using the existing SBW system test rig. The simulation results show that the dual-core fault-tolerant control structure and coordination mechanisms are feasible. And, can be applied to the ECU fault-tolerant control of the SBW system, to effectively improve the reliability and security of the ECU in the SBW system.


Objective:To increase the medicine concentration in rat prostate by the "sound aperture effect" and site-targeted effect of ultrasound-Mediated Microbubble in order to get better therapeutic effect. Methods: 30 1-year-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were castrated and injected estradiol benzoate for 30 days and divided into three groups randomly, model group, treatment group and ultrasound-mediated microbubble group. Model group was treated with sodium chloride, treatment group was treated with EA-10 and ultrasound-mediated microbubble group was given ultrasound-mediated microbubble and EA-10. Concentration of EA-10 in prostate was measured after the prostate was taken and homogenated. Results: Concentration of EA-10 in treatment group as higher than that of in model group(P0.01). But more EA-10 was measured in ultrasound-mediated microbubble group than in treatment group(P0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasound-mediated microbubble can markedly promote the increase in the drug concentration in rat prostate.


SUMMARY Scattered delicate, unusually alate crystals of displacive halite occur in the late Permian Rotten Marl of north-east England. Where they intersect, they locally give rise to complex networks of thin vein-like halite sheets. The alate halite appears to have been formed after compaction of the host sediment was complete or nearly so, but before it became brittle enough to fracture.


AhtractSpatial and temporal variation of accumulation rale over polar ice sheets is important to interpreting surface elevation measurements and in determining the mass input. Traditional methods of measuring accumulation rate from ice cores and snow pits provide insufficient spatial sampling. Remote sensing methods are required to obtain sufficient coverage. We have been exploring the use of high-resolution radars for mapping shallow internal snow layers over wide arcas in conjunction with in situ information on snow density and chemistry for generating the accumulation rate.


Independent isomeric yield ratios of the fission products $^{95}\mathrm{Nb}$ and $^{132}\mathrm{I}$ in thermal-neutron-induced fission of $^{233}\mathrm{U}$ have been determined radiochemically. The determined ratios are 0.248 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.029 and 0.268 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.084 for the isomers of $^{95}\mathrm{Nb}$ and of $^{132}\mathrm{I}$, respectively. On the basis of these yield ratios the average angular momenta of the primary fragments, respective of the fission products $^{95}\mathrm{Nb}$ and $^{132}\mathrm{I}$, have been estimated using the statistical model formalism. The estimated values are ${6.35}_{\ensuremath{-}0.95}^{+1.25}\ensuremath{\hbar}$ and $5.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2 \ensuremath{\hbar}$ for $^{95}\mathrm{Nb}$ and $^{132}\mathrm{I}$, respectively. These data along with other literature data show that fragment angular momenta decrease as proton number deviates from spherical magic shell 50 for given neutron number. Besides, fragment angular momenta do not correlate with prompt neutron number.


This thesis presents a non-linear finite element model for the flexure shear response of RC beams strengthened externally by epoxy bonded steel and glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP). The salient features include (i) the introduction of a thin, six-noded element to simulate behavior of the concrete/epoxy glue/plate interface and (ii) a scheme of loading a virgin RC beam to a prescribed displacement to simulate damage, unloading and then reloading the damaged RC beam repaired by an external plate. Results are presented for RC beams repaired by plates of varying thickness and a transmutation of failure mode is noted from classical flexure for the case of external reinforcement in the form of thin plates to a unique concrete cover rip off failure for thicker plates.


In recent times, the application of autonomic soft computing techniques for design and optimization of wireless access networks is progressively becoming prevalent. These computational learning tec...


Usage of nonlinear wave propagation effect in the native harmonic visualization technique allows dramatically decreasing distortion of the transmitting aperture directional diagram at the second harmonics caused by various artifacts. However, in this case the second harmonics signal level decreases compared to the signal level of the first harmonics, and necessity of filtering out the first harmonics signal leads to substantial grows of the pulse signal duration. In order to increase the level of the second harmonics signal and to suppress significantly the first harmonics signal the current paper provides analytical and numerical investigation of nonlinear propagation of an acoustic signal with chirp modulation. On the basis of the investigation the paper proposes an algorithm for signal compression. The work utilizes 3-D Fourier transform for approximate solution of the nonlinear acoustics equation with a procedure of consecutive expressing the signals of the first and the second harmonics. The work was supported by grant 05-01-00325 from RFBR (Russia). 1. Formulas for computing the second harmonics field taking into account chirp modulation Let us present the wave equation for the Fourier transform of the pressure that takes info account a nonlinearity of the medium and disperse attenuation in biological tissues in the following form: () ˆ ,, , Px y zω


Aerial surveys of the Nezperce National Forest in Idaho revealed 138,692
acres of aerially visible top kill and tree mortality due to repeated
defoliation by western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman.
A small ground sample indicates that up to 47 percent of the grand fir
volume was affected by top kill in some areas. True firs were most
severely affected by repeated defoliation, and Engelmann spruce was
intermediately affected. No top kill or tree mortality was observed
on Douglas-fir.


The goal of this paper is to review the literature on the fundamental dimensions of social judgtifying the regularities found in the content of these dimensions and the distinctions between course and the opinions about immigrants and immigration in society, and how attitudes to


Craniopharyngiomas are histologically benign tumors, but they have a tendency to become adherent around the pituitary gland and pituitary stalk, including the optic nerves, optic chiasm, intracranial arteries and the brain itself. 15 cases of craniopharyngiomas were included in this study. The oil fluid biochemical analysis was made; glucose, cholesterol, lipids, proteins, lactate dehydrogenase, globulins, calcium, sodium, etc. and Western Blot was performed for 2 and 9 metalloproteins. Clinicopatological correlation was made. Groups were divided in recurrent and non-recurrent tumor. The age of patient ranged from 18 to 51 yr 11 (mean of 30yrs). 11 (73%) were females and 4 (27%) were male. Recurrence was in 8 (53%) cases. We analyze the mean of laboratory results obtaining normal to low serum values for ions and high fluid values for all the elements studied. There was no statically significance between them, but we observe the patients which had a big tumor, recurrence and green color oil fluid presented high levels of these components. By the other hand, little not recurrent tumors and with a yellow oil fluid aspect, had low serum values of alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases. The output of these components in the Central Nervous System can be toxic and produce more inflammatory response.


In order to develop new and natural food pigments,as alternatives to synthetic dyes made by petrochemicals,a purplish red strain of bacterium was isolated from the leaf's surface of wheat,and a unique pigment component was obtained from its crude extraction by ethanol. The spectroscopic,chemical,and thermal properties and stability were studied by spectrophotometric method. Results showed that its visual absorption spectrum had single peak with λmax at 535,500 and 480nm in buffer solution of pH2.2~4,pH5~9 and pH10,respectively. In aqueous solutions of H2O2,the λmax was at 495nm,and it was 540nm in aqueous Na2SO3 solutions. Spectrums had two peaks with λmax at about 500 and 540nm in all aqueous carbohydrates solutions. The pigment showed good stability in thermal,reductant and carbohydrates treatments,and stable spectroscopic properties in aqueous solutions of K+,Na+,Ca2+,Fe3+,but poor resistance to ultraviolet light and oxidant.


In the summer of 1945 millions of demobilized Red Army soldiers began returning home after four long years of industrialized warfare. In the next three years over 300.000 veterans would return to Leningrad, a war-ravaged city with a particularly traumatic wartime experience. This paper explores an extreme case of the difficulties of demobilization, and the challenges of adapting to civilian life experienced by returning veterans. Despite the disorientating and destabilizing process of adjusting to peace, Leningrad's veterans proved remarkably adaptable and resilient in the face of the many obstacles put in their way.


In this paper we present a convergence analysis for a fitted finite-volume discretization method for the two-dimensional Black―Scholes equation arising in the Hull-White model for pricing European options with stochastic volatility. We first formulate the finite-volume method as a nonconforming Petrov― Galerkin finite-element method with each basis function of the trial space being determined by a set of two-point boundary-value problems defined on element edges. We then show that the bilinear form of the finite-element method is coercive and continuous. Finally we establish an upper bound of order O(h) on the discretization error of method, where h denotes the mesh parameter of the discretization.


Background: Despite numerous advances in medicine and clinical care, in developing countries, adult undernutrition is overlooked and not considered as a sufficient medical priority. The objective of this study was to identify the magnitude of adult undernutrition and its associated factors in hospitalized patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study, performed in the university hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso, from August to September 2016, in a sample of 244 adult individuals. Patients were included in the study consecutively to their admission. A structured questionnaire was applied consisting of anthropometric, clinical and dietary data. The patients were evaluated and dichotomized into undernourished and non-undernourished. The rate of undernutrtion was reported using and associated factors were tested using the unadjusted crude Odds ratios (COR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and the Chi-square test. Results: Undernutrition occurred in 32.4% of the sample and at the univariate analysis, the variables associated with undernutrition were: recent and involuntary weight loss (COR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.45 - 4.59, p < 0.001); disease chronic evolution (COR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.23 - 4.23, p = 0.008) and females (COR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.02 - 6.06, p = 0.04). Conclusion: Adult undernutrition is common in hospitalized patients. A proper early diagnosis and therapy need to be considered as medical priority of the entire healthcare team that treats adult's inpatients.


To study the effect of surface area of electrodes for voltage collection from living PKL (Pathor Kuchi Leaf) tree has been studied. Seven PKL living trees were selected for voltage collection by 7 researchers separately. The seven living trees were connected in series combination and then collected voltage. It was seen that the cultivated voltage 40.39% decreased after series combination. The reason behind it is such as lose connection of the wire, insulation loss, error of the instruments, such as core loss(Hysteresis loss and Eddy current loss), winding copper loss / line loss (I2R loss), no load current (Io), active component of no load current (Iw), magnetizing component of no load current(Iµ) , no load resistance (Ro), no load reactance(Xo), equivalent resistance referred to primary (R01) , reactance referred to primary(X01) and impedance referred to primary(Z01) and efficiency(η)of the practical transformer of the practical living PKL tree. Some of the few parameters have been studied. The variation of electrodes surfaces with the variation of cultivated voltages has been studied. Finally, it has been shown that the cultivated voltage from living PKL tree depends on the embedded surface area of the electrodes area, age of the PKL tree, soil of the land for PKL tree and thickness of the PKL. Most of the results have been tabulated and graphically discussed.


Powering Internet of Things (IoT) devices in hard to reach or hazardous locations could be prohibitive in terms of cost and safety. In this work, we demonstrate a thorough solution that tackles this problem using a network of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with wireless power transfer (WPT) capabilities. Given the large-scale IoT deployments of the future and the energy needs of the UAVs, we consider an infrastructure of charging stations for the UAVs that allow an uninterrupted and flexible UAV deployment based on the current energy needs of the IoT devices. Then, we exhibit an orchestrator that communicates with the entire infrastructure and handles the UAV traffic and energy decisions, as well as the digital representation and interaction of the network with the user.


Various socio-psychological and biological factors lead to manifestations of the central nervous system disorders. The use of drugs of chemical origin for correction of the CNS disorders increases the risk of side effects. Therefore, it is more appropriate in this case to use herbal medicines, which are able to gently affect the body.Aim. To study the sedative effect of a new combined extract of "Sedosten" created at the Department of Industrial Pharmacy of the National University of Pharmacy (NPhU); it includes a complex of extracts of the following plant raw material: valerian roots, motherwort herb, horseradish herb and peony roots.Materials and methods. The study of the sedative effect of "Sedosten" extract and the reference drug – "Phytosed" capsules was performed using the "open field" test on 25 white rats weighing 180-200 g.Results. The highest overall sedative activity was observed when administering "Sedosten" extract in the dose of 100 mg/kg to the animals. By efficiency this dose exceeded the sedative effect of the reference drug – "Phytosed" capsules in the therapeutic dose of 100 mg/kg by 13 %. "Sedosten" in the dose of 100 mg/kg in relation to the intact control group significantly reduced the motor activity by 1.7 times, the orienting research response by 1.6 times, and completely reduced the emotional reactivity.Conclusions. Thus, "Sedosten" in the dose of 100 mg/kg exhibits a significant sedation effect at the level of 46.4 % and exceeds the sedative dose of 25 mg/kg, which is 21.9 %, by 2.1 times, in the dose of 50 mg/kg, which is 35.3 %, by 1.3 times and the sedative effect of "Phytosed" capsules in the dose of 100 mg/kg (33.3 %) by 1.4 times.


Oil is one of the most important products in the world, being used for fuel production but also as an input in several industries. After the oil shocks of the 1970s, which caused great turbulence, the interest in the analysis of this particular product grew. The analysis of the comovements between oil and other assets became a hot topic. In this study, we propose an analysis of how oil price correlates with several industry indexes. The detrended cross-correlation analysis coefficient ( ρ DCCA ) is used, with data from 1992 to 2019, and we analyze not only the correlation between oil and several Euro Stoxx indexes during the whole sample, but also how that correlation evolved for the different decades (1990s, 2000s and 2010s). Naturally, oil and gas are the sectors that correlate the most with crude oil, with correlation coefficients reaching levels higher than 0.6 in some cases. However, the results also indicate that all sectors are now more exposed to oil price variations than in the past, with the financial sector as one of the sectors with the greatest increase in correlation.


[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of copper ion as an elicitor on the camptothecin biosynthesis with cell suspension cultures of Campototheca acuminata Decaisne. [Method] Different final concentrations of copper ion were added to suspension culture of C. acuminata in different cell growth phases in order to stimulate camptothecin biosynthesis. [Result] When the Cu2+ elicitor was supplemented at 0.5 μmol/L of final concentration in C. acuminata cell suspension culture on the 8th day,maximum cell dry weight was achieved,and when the elicitor at 40.0 μmol/L of final concentration was supplemented on the 18th day,maximum camptothecin production was achieved. When 0.5 μmol/L Cu2+ of final concentration was supplemented on the 8th day and 40.0 μmol/L Cu2+ of final concentration was supplemented afterward on the 18th day into C. acuminata cell suspension cultures,maximum camptothecin production was achieved,reaching 71.9 mg/L on day 24,which was 7.9-folds of the control. [Conclusion] Cu2+ elicitation could markedly enhanced camptothecin biosynthesis with cell suspension cultures of C. acuminata.


The COVID-19 pandemic and the continued spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 variants have brought a grave public health consequence and severely devastated the global economy with recessions. Vaccination is considered as one of the most promising and efficient methods to end the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigate the disease conditions if infected. Although a few vaccines have been developed with an unprecedented speed, scientists around the world are continuing pursuing the best possible vaccines with innovations. Comparing to the expensive mRNA vaccines and attenuated/inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines have certain advantages, including their safety (non-virus components), potential stronger immunogenicity, broader protection, ease of scaling-up production, reduced cost, etc. In this study, we reported a novel COVID-19 vaccine generated with RBD-HR1/HR2 hexamer that was creatively fused with the RBD domain and heptad repeat 1 (HR1) or heptad repeat 2 (HR2) to form a dumbbell-shaped hexamer to target the spike S1 subunit. The novel hexamer COVID-19 vaccine induced high titers of neutralizing antibody in mouse studies (>100,000), and further experiments also showed that the vaccine also induced an alternative antibody to the HR1 region, which probably alleviated the drop of immunogenicity from the frequent mutations of SARS-CoV-2.


In order to investigate in vivo absorption and distribution of gelatin after injection intravenously, gelatin was directly labeled with reduced 99Tc(superscript m) that was formed by reduction of 99Tc(superscript m)O(superscript – subscript 4) with NaBH4. After purification by anion exchange resin and sterilization by micropore membrane filtration the 99Tc(superscript m)-gelatin was injected intravenously into normal mice and a rabbit. The biodistribution of this labeled compound in mice showed that a high renal uptake, 29.36%/g at 5 min and 66.88%/g at 20 min post injection and slow clearance compared with 99Tc(superscript m)-DTPA. The renal scintigraphy of the rabbit demonstrated clear-cut images at 2, 5, 18 and 20 min after 99Tc(superscript m)-gelatin injection. The experimental results indicat that 99Tc(superscript m)-gelatin possessed the feature of renal specificity.


This study aims to obtain information on the influence of the selection system, training on employee performance mediated by communication in fisheries processing MSMEs. This type of research uses a descriptive quantitative approach and the method used is purposive sampling technique by distributing questionnaires to 59 MSME employees in fishery processing with a minimum working period of 2 years. The results of this study are the more selection systems, the lower the employee's performance. The more selection systems, the lower the communication, but not significantly. The more training, the less communication. The more training, the significantly increased employee performance. The more communication, the significantly increased employee performance. The selection system has no significant effect on employee performance if it is mediated by communication. Training has no significant effect on employee performance if it is mediated by communication.


In the method according to the invention, a drive load of a motor vehicle is predicted. An electronic horizon drive load forecast considers both a most likely path (10, 11, 12) and one or more alternative paths (19) as a route and weighting the paths according to multiple criteria. The advantage here is that already alternative paths (19) are included, which may differ greatly from characteristics of the most likely path (10, 11, 12). Traditionally, only this most probable path (10, 11, 12) is considered.


Mitogen activated proteinase kinase (MAPK) is a key regulator of cellular growth and survival. Mutations in the MAPK pathway genes such as EGFR, KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA lead to cellular disequilibrium that result into overgrowth and different type of carcinoma including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Different techniques have been used to determine mutations in the above mentioned genes, and frequency of mutations can vary in different population. The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of mutations in the hotspot regions of EGFR, KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA genes in Swedish colon carcinoma patients by pyrosequencing, and to correlate with different clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. We screened 124 colon cancer patients by using pyrosequencing. We detected Kras, Braf and PIK3CA mutations in 24%, 18.5% and 5.6% of the patients respectively while no mutation was observed for EGFR in our cohort. Kras mutations significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced UICC stages and poor patient survival (HR; 2.26, 95% CI; 1.273-4.13, log rank P, 0.006). Non-significant correlations were observed between Braf and all parameters including patient survival except with right sided colon cancer. PIK3CA mutations were associated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and higher UICC stages. Combined mutations in Kras, Braf and PIK3CA were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and colon cancer located on the right flexure. PIK3CA and Kras co-mutations were observed in 4 patients and were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and advanced UICC stages.


This study investigates differences in approaches to public sector relocation reforms in Denmark and Sweden, using a comparative public administration research design. These countries are both part ...


Abstract : The United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research (USACEHR) is developing an Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) system to test Army drinking water supplies for the presence of toxic industrial chemicals (TICs). One of the technologies considered for inclusion in the ESB system is the PCB TOX-SPOT Chemiluminescence Test, a rapid assay that measures changes in luminescence of the bacteria Photobacterium leiognathi as an indicator of toxicity. The TOX-SPOT test was able to respond to only 5 of 18 chemicals in a test set identified by an Army user group within a desired sensitivity range. Further, the TOX-SPOT kit has three reagents that must be stored at -14?C, which is undesirable for field use. Evaluation of TOX-SPOT reagents held under refrigeration at 6?C during a 12 month storage period produced inconsistent toxicity test results. Based on these test results, the TOX-SPOT test is not recommended for inclusion as part of the ESB system.


As one's learning results from a complex interplay among his/her cognitive metacognitive and affective domains, the last of which determines the global context where cognition takes place monitored and controlled by metacognition, the learning outcomes may primarily be interpreted in affective terms. Having in mind a strong positive relation between mathematical self and mathematical achievement as well as that a humanistic approach to mathematics teaching/learning would promote higher mathematical self, this study examined whether writing about mathematics in a humanistic context influences mathematical self. This question was answered by comparing mathematical self of twelfth-grade gymnasium (high-school) students who wrote their matura works on mathematical themes (N = 10) with that of their classmates who did that in other subjects (N = 72). A higher mathematical self was found for these ten students, which may be commented with "those who chose to write matura works in mathematics were simply those with higher mathematical self and the writing contributed nothing to the outcome". The values of other control variables measured in grades 9-12 evidence that it is more likely that this finding was influenced by the treatment.


The grand Ducal Medici and their archive' offers a unique window into early modern Florentine society through an exploration of the archives of the Medici ruling family. Teeming with four and a half million letters, the archival collection of the Medici Grand Dukes housed at the Archivio di Stato in Florence chronicles the culture and history of Europe and beyond, for a span of over two hundred years. The letters of this collection, known as the Mediceo del Principato, embrace a great variety of themes including diplomacy, art, medicine, food, science, and material culture. Since its contents originate from a court archive that served both the state and a ruling family, the collection comprises administrative, political and financial correspondence as well as more private and intimate accounts of the Medici themselves and their activity at court. It would be a great misconception to assume that this enormous archival collection pertains just to Florence or to just the Medici, given that the vast majority of these missives were written by ambassadors, agents, and informants stationed throughout Europe. This volume, The Grand Ducal Medici and their Archive, aims to unlock not only the complex structure of the Mediceo del Principato but also the richness of its content. The sixteen essays address a variety of topics--book history, Ottoman relations, collections of New World artifacts, medical history, gender studies, and material culture--all with direct reference to the Medici Grand Duchy. The original research that supports these studies was drawn in part from the Medici Archive Project's online platform (BIA) for querying over 350,000 digitized and/or transcribed letters. Making use of these and other original sources, the essays in The Grand Ducal Medici and their Archive shed new light on the mechanisms and strategies that enabled Florence to emerge from decades of internecine conflict and diplomatic chaos in order to enjoy cultural and political prominence


Online marketing and e-commerce companies are booming in Bangladesh in this age of internet technology. As more people were afflicted with the COVID-19 epidemic, internet purchasing became the primary channel for closure shopping and was considered the safest method. The enterprises were pushed to appear online. There are many online service providers, such beneficial for individuals, but it also calls into question the quality of the products with services. Therefore, it is simple for new clients to be deceived, when doing internet purchasing. The enormous volume of tech gadget review data that is generated online every day can be examined for the purpose of assessing public sentiment and assisting in market intelligence. While the study of sentiment classification has advanced greatly in languages with abundant resources, it is still in the preliminary stage for languages with limited resources, such as Bengali. This work proposes a model for classifying the sentiment on online Bengali tech gadget reviews into three basic categories- positive, negative, and neutral. For this purpose, around 6015 Bengali tech review data is collected. Various Machine Learning techniques are then applied along with different feature extraction techniques. After evaluating the performance, the Random Forest outperforms the rest of other techniques, having a maximum accuracy of 86.28%.


The metamorphosis of the glochidium of the critically endangered Margaritifera auricularia in the gills of a host is studied here for the first time. Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baeri, were infected with glochidia and regularly inspected using scanning and optical microscopy. The mature glochidia immediately attach to the epithelium of the sturgeon gill filaments, piercing the secondary lamellae and the connective tissues, blood cells, and vessels within the lamellae. Once the epithelium is pierced, overlapping host lamellae cover the glochidium and form a cyst. Metamorphosis takes place inside the cyst. Sixteen days after infection the glochidium becomes spherical in shape and the larval muscle is reabsorbed. The two adductor muscles of the juvenile are observed 34 days after infection at 16–20°C. Metamorphosis is complete in approximately 51 days at 18–22°C and in 65 days at 16–17°C. Released juveniles have a spherical shell with a thin rim of new shell material and a finely ciliated foot. Juvenile mean measurements are: length = 190 μm, width = 193 μm, and height = 210 μm. J. Morphol. 254:259–265, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Production and usage rates are rising for the condom and particularly rapidly in the developing world. It is now accepted as a safe and reliable contraceptive by both doctors and family planners. Studies of its use-effectiveness show that the condom is as dependable as any device provided it is used correctly. Method acceptability has come reluctantly and only very recently probably because the condom has been around for such a long time. In Japan the family planning program has relied heavily on the condom in the past 25 years. Japan produces 1/3 of the worlds condoms and the Japanese make up 25% of all condom users. This country has led the world with the UK and US to todays ultra-thin and virtually flawless condoms. Many new lines have the additional contraceptive advantage of a spermicide in the lubricant. In late 1982 the Johns Hopkins University estimated world production at 5 billion condoms and about 1/3 of manufacturing capacity was said to be in developing countries. There were an estimated 40 million users in the world and per capita usage among contraceptors was much higher in developed than in developing countries. Such statistics must have changed significantly in the past 2 years. For example India has doubled its production capacity to 710 million condoms a year and plans to double it again by 1987-88. India is also importing increasing quantities from Japan. Johns Hopkins University estimates indicate oversupply only because of low usage rates in developing countries. This situation is expected to alter as family planners and users accept the condom as an efficient contraceptive and that the poor results of many earlier promotional campaigns should be blamed on incorrect usage rather than on the device. The condoms popularity has increased as suspicions have grown about the side effects and health risks of modern hormonal contraceptives. It has also gained particularly in developing countries. as studies have shown it to be an effective physical barrier against sexually transferable diseases. Social marketing programs are spreading each link of the production-distribution-retail chain in 1 way or another. The idea is to make the condom a marketable product available at everybodys doorstep at a price most people can afford. Among governments there is increasing agreement about quality levels which condoms must maintain and how to test them. 1 way of promoting common standards would be to agree on a form of international certification for condoms an aim agreed at a special meeting of the International Standards Organization.


T H I S BOOK IS SUBTITLED "A Feminist Theological Interpretation of the Infancy Narratives," and Schaberg takes pains to make clear what that means: A good part of the introductory chapter is g iven over to d iscuss ions of the methodology of feminist criticism. According to Schaberg, feminist criticism is "a political act." Its goal is not "to achieve a purely objective reading." Rather it is subjective, but more, it is adversarial. It is the work of a resisting rather than an assenting reader; it employs a "hermeneutics of suspicion." It also employs the texts themselves. Schaberg's purpose is to turn the narratives under discussion "to positive use." Finally, feminist criticism is an exercise in reading between the lines, in discovering and interpreting the "silences" in the androcentric texts it deals with (pp. 5-9 , 14-19). In the silences of the infancy narratives in Matthew and Luke, Schaberg discovers basis for her claim that these were originally "not about a miraculous virginal conception" but "an illegitimate conception." Moreover, it was "an intention of Matthew and Luke to pass down [this] tradition" (p. 1). Schaberg adduces good evidence that Matthew acknowledges the tradition. She makes interesting and good sense out of the inclusion of the four women in the genealogy of Chapter one. Her discussion of the legal situation in Matthew's story of Mary and Joseph helps us understand both Joseph's confusion and his actions— though I question whether he takes Mary as wife simply, or even largely, because God has removed the "legal impediment" (p. 60). Because Luke writes of an illegitimate conception "with far less directness even than Matthew" (p. 82), interpreting his narrative is even more a matter of reading the silences. Here the methodology may create more problems than can be solved. Reading silences is as much dangerous as difficult. In his novel King Jesus, the poet Robert Graves read the silences of the infancy narratives to make Jesus the legitimate son of Herod Antipater. So, how do we judge the results of a reading? Schaberg wisely chooses scholarly debate. Yet here she must argue that the preponderance of scholarly opinion has misunderstood Luke, because it has failed to hear correctly what the Evangelist did not say. It is not an entirely satisfactory argument. Still, the book is extremely well researched, and research and arguments (particularly with Roman Catholic scholars) are well documented. It ought to be of interest to biblical scholars.


Regulatory T cells (Treg) are critical regulators of immune tolerance. Both IL‐2 and CD28‐CD80/CD86 signaling are critical for CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg survival in mice. Yet, both belatacept (a second‐generation CTLA‐4Ig) and basiliximab (an anti‐CD25 monoclonal antibody) are among the arsenal of current immunotherapies being used in kidney transplant patients. In this study, we explored the direct effect of basiliximab and belatacept on the Tregs in peripheral blood both in the short term and long term and in kidney biopsies of patients with acute rejection. We report that the combined belatacept/basiliximab therapy has no long‐term effect on circulating Tregs when compared to a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)‐treated group. Moreover, belatacept‐treated patients had a significantly greater number of FOXP3+ T cells in graft biopsies during acute rejection as compared to CNI‐treated patients. Finally, it appears that the basiliximab caused a transient loss of both FOXP3+ and FOXP3− CD25+ T cells in the circulation in both treatment groups raising important questions about the use of this therapy in tolerance promoting therapeutic protocols.


In the present paper we give a positive answer to a question posed by Viana on the existence of positive Lyapunov exponents for symplectic cocycles. Actually, we prove that for an open and dense set of Holder symplectic cocycles over a non-uniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphism there are non-zero Lyapunov exponents with respect to any invariant ergodic measure with the local product structure.


24 European Crystallographic Meeting, ECM24, Marrakech, 2007 Page s118 Acta Cryst. (2007). A63, s118 [1] Wood Zachary A., Scröder Ewald, Harris Robin J. and Pool Leslie B. (2003). Structure, mechanism and regulation of peroxiredoxins. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 28, 32-40 [2] Völkel Suzanne and Grieshaber Manfred K. (1996). Sulphide Oxidation and Oxidative Phosphorylation In the Mitochondria Of The Lugworm Arenicola Marina. The Journal of experimental Biology 200, 83-92 [3] Martin Jennifer L. (1995). Thioredoxin a fold for all reasons. Structure 3, 245-250


Ability drain's (AD) impact seems economically significant, with 30% of US Nobel laureates since 1906 being immigrants, and immigrants or their children founding 40% of Fortune 500 companies. Nonetheless, while brain drain (BD) and gain (BG) have been studied extensively, AD has not. I examine migration's impact on ability (a), education (h), and productive human capital or "skill" s =s(a, h), for source country residents and migrants under (a) the points system (PS) which accounts for h and (b) the "vetting" system (VS) which accounts for s (e.g., US H-1B program). The findings are as follows: (i) Migration reduces (raises) residents' (migrants') average ability, with an ambiguous (positive) impact on average education and skill, and net skill drain, SD, likelier than net BD; (ii) these effects increase with ability's inequality or variance, are greater under VS than PS, and hurt source countries; (iii) the model and two empirical studies suggest average AD ≥ BD for educated US immigrants, with real income about twice the home country income; and (iv) SD holds for any BD and for a very small AD (7.4% of our estimate). Policy implications are provided.


The paper proposes sythesizing the most important correlations between the dimensions of human capital, in order to provide a better theoretical basis for assessing realistic valence motivated human resources sustainable development of society. In terms of conceptual work based on the fundamental role of health capital and the neglect that often has its problems, especially in developing countries. Based on the review abstract theory of human capital, research establishes correlations between dimensions. It shows the importance of ethical component in professionalism and existence of moral capital rooted in medical ethics. Specific breakdowns of health capital, referring to the health of the population and medical services. The research findings highlight the profound connection between morality and productivity seemingly nonexistent (customized to the case of medical services), about joint economic approaches ignored. It also means that the moral, professional and medical staff working in social capital formation influence the health of a nation.


Two new species of deep sea asellotes of the family Munnopsidae, Rectisura slavai sp. nov. and Storthyngura yuzhmorgeo sp. nov. are described from the manganese nodules area in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone of the Pacific Ocean. The discovery of these new species allowed re-examination of the taxonomic position of two similar species, Storthyngura ? intermedia (Beddard, 1885) from the Northeastern Basin of the Pacific Ocean and Ilyarachna defecta Menzies & George, 1972 from the Peru-Chile Trench, eastern Pacific Ocean. The species are moved to the genera Rectisura Malyutina, 2003 and Storthyngura Vanhoffen, 1914, respectively. Additional composition and distribution of the species of the genera are presented.


Review(s) of: How aborigines invented the idea of contemporary art: Writings on aboriginal contemporary art 1980 - 2006, edited by Ian McLean, Power Publications with Institute of Modern Art, 2009, 341pp, RRP $49.95.


1.2 Clinical History The patient came to the consultation accompanied by his wife who provided most of the history. She described her husband as a priest with persuasive and eloquent oratory, which was highly appreciated by their religious community. However, during the last 3 years, there was a clear impoverishment of the patient's ability to preach. During the services, he also started losing the thread of his narratives and getting confused on quoting the bible. His ability of multitasking in the church was impaired. A year later, he clearly acquired difficulties in retaining information regarding conversations as well as a hard time in organizing his day and accomplishing all the commitments of his agenda. Soon after, he started to forget contents of conversations and lost the ability to deal with calculations, and consequently, his financial affairs. He became unable to write. His wife also remarked the patient's inability to focus attention on his tasks. He also had a little insight regarding his present limitations. Apart from a general reduction in motivation and social isolation, from the neuropsychiatric perspective, there was no history of disinhibition, reduced impulse control, substance-related disorders, stereotypical or ritualistic symptoms, hallucinations, or delusions. He was previously evaluated by a neurologist who diagnosed him with Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on clinical history, MRI, positron emission tomography (PET) using [F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG; Figure 1.1), and results of biomarkers from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). He was on 10 mg of donepezil every morning.


An objective analysis (OA) method is implemented, to compute the altimeter path delay (PD) induced by atmospheric water vapor. Input PD observations are derived from total precipitable water measurements from all currently flying scanning microwave radiometers (AMSU-A, AMSR-E, TMI and SSMI). ECMWF model derived PD is used as first-guess field. Calculation of the statistical variables required by the OA are presented : these include the variance and correlation function of the radiometer path delay minus its first-guess, as well as the observations error variance. The performance of the OA-derived water vapor path delay is assessed, using 4 months of Jason-1 altimeter data. It is shown that the OA-derived PD estimate is more accurate than the ECMWF model derived one, but remains less accurate than the one derived from the Jason microwave radiometer.


Understanding how children design and what they value in AI interfaces that allow them to explicitly train their models such as teachable machines, could help increase such activities' impact and guide the design of future technologies. In a co-design session using a modified storyboard, a team of 5 children (aged 7-13 years) and adult co-designers, engaged in AI problem formulation activities where they imagine their own teachable machines. Our findings, leveraging an established psychological value framework (the Rokeach Value Survey), illuminate how children conceptualize and embed their values in AI systems that they themselves devise to support their everyday activities. Specifically, we find that children's proposed ideas require advanced system intelligence, e.g. emotion detection and understanding the social relationships of a user. The underlying models could be trained under multiple modalities and any errors would be fixed by adding more data or by anticipating negative examples. Children's ideas showed they cared about family and expected machines to understand their social context before making decisions.


This interdisciplinary cultural studies research uses critical discourse analysis to review the four political declarations on HIV & AIDS adopted by the United Nations in 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016. Religion is implicated in the tensions and conflicts around issues of HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights in the negotiations that hinders consensus, resulting in compromises and omissions in the texts. The research identifies four dominant discourses in the declarations and an additional two in the wider HIV response of relevance to these tensions; a public health, biomedical discourse; a human rights, gender equality and community engagement discourse; political discourses of leadership and national sovereignty; and a traditional religio-cultural discourse. In the wider HIV response a broader religious discourse and secularist discourse are evident but missing from the text of the declarations. This critical discourse analysis of the declarations investigates how the discourses interact in the text; how the traditional religio-cultural discourse influences the text; what is missing from the final text; and reasons for the gaps. Close textual analysis of the declarations identifies tension between the public health, human rights/gender equality discourses and the traditional religio-cultural and national sovereignty discourses. The traditional religio-cultural discourse operates to limit public health and rights-based approaches to HIV prevention and frames women and girls as passive victims, without agency to exercise their rights. When compared against UNAIDS strategies as a standard, the declarations are missing commitments to address the risks of key populations to HIV. Missing also is reference to any contributions the faith community brings to the epidemic. The broad religious discourse includes supportive approaches to public health, human rights and gender equality, with the potential to bridge gaps in the negotiations. The traditional religious discourse is implicated in gaps in the text on key populations and rights. The dominance of secularism at the UN is implicated in exclusion of the broad religious discourse. While obstacles around rights-based approaches to HIV prevention and key populations persist, common ground and synergies between the discourses exist. Recommendations include: to ask new questions at the UN about the role secularism plays that may increase space for conservative voices to operate; seeking new ways of working to bridge some of the gaps; and including different perspectives that have the potential to bridge the gaps and open up new ways to achieve consensus.


Aims:  Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 isolates of slaughter pigs originating from different farms were characterized to study the distribution of different genotypes at farm. A correlation between the genotypes and the resistance patterns was also examined.


The basis for modeling the shelf life of snacks enriched with Spirulina platensis is the storage temperature. After production, the snacks were packed in polypropylene bags and stored at 25°C (room temperature) and 5°C (refrigerator) for a specified period of 180 days. Shelf life studies were performed by semi-educated and consumer panelists. During this period, microbial tests (total count of bacteria, mold, yeast and coliform), moisture content and hardness were examined. Weibull hazard analysis was used to estimate the shelf life of snacks enriched with Spirulina platensis powder based on sensory properties assessment. Considering the 25% and 50% probability of rejection


The sculptural decor of Renaissance tenements attracts the attention of researchers not only from the point of view of its aesthetic qualities, but also its symbolic meaning. The Scholz-Wolfovych tenement house, which is located at Sq. Rynok, 23 in Lviv, stands out among the Renaissance buildings of the city with its specific sculpture decor. On the basis of new research (iconographic and iconological methods, methods of comparative analysis), a complete picture of the stages of the formation of the sculptural decor of the tenement house was formed, and it was shown how the political and cultural context of the era influenced its development.


The level ofnational development in any given country is largely dependent on the extent to which the enormous potentials of its youth are harnessed and utilized by the government to promote and sustain economic growth and social progress. In Nigeria, widespread unemployment has constrained the efforts of the youth to contribute meaningfully to national development. Using descriptive analysis drawn majorly from secondary data,the paper established that widespread unemployment and poverty in Nigeria has not only induced youth disempowerment, but also created conditions that predisposes the youth to deviant behaviours which hinder economic growth, political stability, harmonious social cohesion, and overall national development. It is recommended that if Nigeria is to join the league of the 20 strongest economies in the world by the year 2020, the potentials of the Nigerian youth as the locomotive of national development must be properly harnessed and utilized by eliminating the obstacles that hinder people from transforming their physical, biological and socio-economic environment for their individual fulfillment and for the benefit of society at large.


Abstract : Nearly 50 years of the cold war experience has made the United States proficient at building coalitions to contain or defeat explicit military threats. We did it in Europe with NATO, prepared to fight a major war against the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact. We did it on an ad hoc basis in the Persian Gulf five years ago, putting together a multinational coalition to expel Iraq from Kuwait. We still do in Northeast Asia, with forces on the territories of the bilateral security partners, Japan and South Korea, to defend the latter against North Korea.


BACKGROUND
Several groups have proposed models to predict disease outcomes in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD), notably the RISK, GROWTH, and the Porto group, but none were externally validated. We aimed to explore these predictive models and individual predictors summarized by the PIBD-ahead project in a prospective inception cohort of pediatric CD.

METHODS
We included children who were diagnosed with CD at two medical centers and followed them at 3 and 12 months thereafter as well as at the last follow-up . Outcomes included steroid-free remission (SFR), surgery and stricturing/fistulizing disease.

RESULTS
155 children were included (median follow-up of 31 [16-48] months, 107 [71%] had moderate-to-severe disease). Stricturing and penetrating disease at diagnosis were noted in 34 (22%) and two (1.3%) children, respectively, and these were excluded from the relevant analyses. At 1 year, 10 (8.3%) developed new stricturing disease, two (1.7%) developed penetrating disease, seven (5%) required intestinal surgery, and 15 (10%) required perianal surgery. The sensitivity/specificity/PPV/NPV of the GROWTH criteria for predicting SFR at 12 months (occurring in 70% of children) were 20%/85%/76%/31% and for surgery at two years 96%/20%/16%/96%. Strictures were predicted by the RISK model with sensitivity/specificity/PPV/NPV of 33%/73%/18%/86%. The sensitivity/specificity/PPV/NPV of the Porto criteria to predict surgery were 86%/10%/4%/94%. None of the PIBD-ahead predictors were associated with surgery or stricturing disease.

CONCLUSION
None of the three main predictive models in pediatric CD achieved sufficient accuracy, far from that reported in the original cohorts. This highlights the necessity of external validation in any prediction model prior to its implementation in clinical practice.


Maintaining accurate temperature control in an extruder is more than just a case of opening or closing the cooling water tap. Predicting the heat transfer process is by no mean straightforward, and requires some complex computer programming. John Townsend and Gerard Howes of Eurotherm Controls explain.


In this article, a decentralized adaptive control strategy is proposed for a class of large-scale nonlinear systems with interconnections. Each subsystem contains multiple state delays, asymmetric dead-zone inputs, and bounded time-varying disturbances. Every error subsystem is first decomposed according to input matrix assumption. Then, the decentralized adaptive controller is developed to handle uncertain functions in the subsystem. The nonlinear control gain function is constructed and used in adaptive control design. Two robust adaptive control schemes are, respectively, addressed for the cases of matched and mismatched time-delay nonlinearities. It is proved that all closed-loop signals are bounded, and the tracking error converges to an adjustable region. A simulation example is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Introduction: Reflectance spectroscopy is commonly used to analyse the composition of distant airless bodies. The spectral slope and absorption features, if detected, are characteristics of the mineralogy and structure of the surface. Several asteroids classifications are based on the shape of the reflectance spectra in the visible and near-infrared spectral range [1, 2]. It is established that the reflectance of a surface depends on the geometry under which it is measured. The first example being the photometric phase curves, presenting the general albedo as a function to the phase angle [3]. We propose to analyse the dependency of all the spectral characteristics (photometry, slope and absorption bands) with the observation geometry using bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy measurements.


Three metabolizing systems (rat, heterologously expressed CYP3A4 and human liver) were used to evaluate 12 analogues of dapsone (4,4′diaminodiphenylsulphone) in‐vitro. Methaemoglobin formation in a two‐compartment and cytotoxicity in a single‐compartment model were studied using human erythrocytes and neutrophils, respectively, as target cells.


Thirteen post-communist governments gave diplomatic support to the Anglo-American position on Iraq in 2003; many also gave military assistance to the war itself and most contributed to post-war operations. However 'small states' may be defined, none of these 13 actors can be considered a major power in international relations. This article assesses the reasons for their support of the United States. It first considers what material gains they expected and gained, and applies their support of the US against expectations of alliance behaviour. It then contrasts the behaviour of those Central and East European states with that of Belarus and of Serbia. The article then argues that an important explanation for post-communist state behaviour over Iraq comes from an expression of existential values that can be understood through the notion of 'soft power'.


With the wide application of heavy oil catalytic cracking process in oil processing industry and FCC feedstock becoming increasingly heavier, the fouling and coking in the slurry oil system have become a major factor affecting the normal operation of the FCCU . The addition of oil-phase anti-fouling inhibitor can effectively solve the coking problem without changing the process conditions and maintain a longterm stable and reliable operation at full capacity. It has proven to be a practical and effective method.


Objective:Indentify three Species of Medicinal Dendrobium and it's heterosis Species from HuoShan by ISSR fingerprint.Method:Optimizing reaction system:primer [(AC)8CT]0.5 μM,Mg2+ 2.0 mM,dNTP 200 μM,Taq 1 U/20 μl,and selecting the primer of higher RP value,establishing ISSR molecular marker fingerprint.Result:Three Species of Medicinal Dendrobium and it's heterosis Species from HuoShan can be indetfied with ISSR fingerprint.Conclusion:ISSR molecular marker technology can be used to identify three Species of Medicinal Dendrobium and it's heterosis Species from huoshan.It is a simple,economical,quick and reliable molecular marker technique.


Abstract Objectives: To identify the risk of injury to young people participating in non-elite sport, and to establish whether the immediate 'on-field' medical care they receive is adequate. Methods: A literature search of electronic databases was initially undertaken, in addition to searches of governmental bodies' websites; papers obtained were then cross-referenced and appropriate articles ordered through interlibrary loans. Results: A total of 24 relevant papers were identified for review. Conclusions: The lack of standardised injury definitions and surveillance methods confounds the development of injury prevention strategies for young athletes. Future studies should be designed to measure injury exposure, so injury rates can be calculated which will make analysis and comparisons easier and more meaningful. Further studies investigating the extent of coaches', teachers' and therapists' first-aid knowledge and qualifications, and also the quality of the training they receive would also help to determine whether young athletes are receiving adequate 'on-field' care.