: Surface Modification of Aluminium alloy have a wide range of applications in aerospace industries, where high strength to weight ratio is required. Different nano-particle reinforcements have different effects on Aluminium alloy as a base material. In this review paper the effects and properties are studied for different nano particle size of reinforcing materials such as boron carbide nano particle. In this paper also studied different type of tool pin profile used for the surface modification of Aluminium alloy. Friction stir processing tool plays an important role for the surface modification of the materials. It decides what types of materials could be manufactured. Properties like hardness, tensile strength, wear resistance etc have been studied rigorously and been summarised. It's been observed that there is an enhancement in the properties of surface composites so formed on addition different particle of the reinforcing materials to Al alloy surface composites.


The individuals included in this column were listed in The Queer Encyclopedia of Music, Dance & Musical Theater, Claude J. Summers, editor. Mary Poppins Returns: Music from the Motion Picture Soundtrack. CONRAD SUSA Christmas Garland: For SATB, Congregation/Audience and Orchestra or Brass or Keyboard. Last Gospel (New Version-1984): For Chorus, Solo Female Voice, Rock Group and Orchestra.


There have been many difeferent views on the class nature of Sun Zhongshan's socialism in academic circles for a long time.This article supports the view that Sun Zhongshan's socialism is bourgeois.By analyzing the primary cause of differences and commenting on other typical views,it takes further steps to expound and prove this view.The article concludes that Sun Zhongshan's socialism is bourgeois socialism as far as its objective content is concerned,though it seems supra class in its subjective form.


The occurrence of disease is a direct manifestation of the failure of a production brn to provide adequate compensation for increased physiological demands on the ,iock in that system. The long term control of disease requires an holistic approach to the "ecopathology" he biosystem. The development of this approach typically follows an evolutionary cess including a number of phases that are conceptually distinct. This paper contends f the evolutionary process is sufficiently generic that empirical evidence from the lltry industry may used as a model for other intensive industries.


Observatory libraries traditionally have maintained databases of publications resulting from usage of their facilities. In the era of electronic publication, the methodology of the creation of these databases has perforce changed as well. In this poster, we will compare a variety of methods for obtaining this information electronically and point out the advantages and shortcomings of each.


The specific retention volumes of nine hydrocarbons and 12 alcohols were measured at several temperatures within the range 120–150°C in columns whose stationary phases were poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and four copolymers of vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol with 94.8, 74.4, 60.9, and 43.4 mol % of vinyl acetate units (mol % VAc). No chromatographic retention for hydrocarbons was detected in columns loaded with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) or a copolymer with 11.9 mol % VAc. The retention trends are discussed and the polymers solubility parameters (δ2) were computed from the measured Flory–Huggins χ parameters. The copolymers δ2 values increase almost linearly with decreasing mol % VAc; PVAc, however, has a distinct behavior. The limitations of the approach in the prediction of χ parameters are discussed.


A recurrent benign metastasizing pleomorphic salivary adenoma (PSA) is extremely rare occurring in less than 1% of patients. There are approximately 50 cases that have been reported in the literature but none with metastases to the thyroid gland. We report a case of a 68-year-old lady who was initially investigated for a space-occupying lesion in the liver but was found to have metastases in the thyroid and liver as well as recurrence of the parotid primary. The clinical findings, management, and a review of the current literature are reported. Metastases from PSAs are extraordinary. We describe the first reported metastasis from the parotid to the thyroid gland. In this case, we report an excellent outcome post-operatively and argue for the benefit of long-term follow-up.


The heat regime of soil catenas widespread in Trans-Baikal mountainous areas has been studied. The results obtained permitted quantitative description of the heat regime of soils composing catenas within the Vitim plateau. They are subdivided into cryogenic and noncryogenic formations.


The aim of this study was to analyze other possible new markers of severity, at hospital admission, that can be assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes and a SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. Our study included 90 subjects: 45 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and 45 healthy persons as controls. The serum level of ceruloplasmin at hospital admission was statistically significant and directly correlated with the severity of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) (p = 0.037) and with the serum level of IL-6 (interleukin 6) (p = 0.0001). Ceruloplasmin was statistically significant and inversely correlated with the serum iron level (p = 0.0001). However, we observed that ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) decreased in severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with type 2 diabetes (p = 0.001). Moreover, the decrease in ACE levels was correlated with an increase in IL-6 levels in these patients (p = 0.001). IL-6 increases were statistically significant and inversely correlated with serum iron, transferrin, and ACE levels. There was a noticed decreasing tendency of the transferrin depending on the severity of the COVID-19 infection (p = 0.0001). In addition to the known severity factors in the context of infection with the new coronavirus, increased concentrations of ceruloplasmin and decreased concentrations of ACE and transferrin may represent new markers of COVID-19 severity in patients with type 2 diabetes. These parameters, if analyzed upon admission to the hospital, could better inform health professionals about the evolution towards more severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infections.


Sport industry is a diverse and rapidly developing and growing industry. Besides its benefits for maintaining and developing health for the individual and the society, sport is an attractive advertising and promotion medium, an entertainment and consumption sectorand a sector where many economic transactions take place. One of the reasons behind the tremendous economic growth of this sector is the concept of sponsorship. Sport activities are the leading activities that sponsors give support all around the world. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the fan identification levels and sponsorship evaluation of football spectators that attend to first league football matches of Antalyaspor, played in a stadium located in Akdeniz University Campus in Antalya city center. As the number of population is not exactly known, (n=t2pq/d2) formula is used and 385 is obtained as sample size. 395 questionnaires were used in the sample. Sport Fan Identification Scale and Sponsorship Evaluation Scale were used for data collection. In data analysis, non-parametric correlation and hypothesis tests were used as the data were not normally distributed. According to the results, fan identification showed positive relationship with personal liking for event (r=0.406, p<0.05), status of the event (r=0.337, p<0.05), attitude towards event (r=0.281, p<0.05) and sponsoractivity fit (r=0.143, p<0.05).Men spectators showed higher scores in fan identification and the personal liking for event (p<0.05). Evaluation of sponsorship is an important issue for the teams to see if they made good decisions and also for the sponsorsors if their investment brought a good return. So for future research sponsorship evaluation studies are recommended.


In this paper the action of flowering initiation is described as a multicomponent and multistep mechanism. This, without other endogenous and egzogenous factors, depends on solid action of photosynthesis, its primary metabolites and phytohormones. Our hypothesis is based on multifunctional flowering initiation model of biennial plants. The aim of this paper was to investigate the processes of juvenile period and flowering initiation; to evaluate the role of photosynthetic system; to describe the balance of phytohormones and sugars during morphogenesis in edible carrot (Daucus sativus (Hoffm.) Rohl.) and common caraway (Carum carvi L.). It was determined that the end of juvenile period in both carrot and caraway ontogenesis is related to formation of 9 assimilated leaves and with full competence to accept the stimulus of photo and thermo induction. Cold requirement for flower initiation in caraway is facultative therefore vernalization is not the main factor which strictly controls floral development. Active action of photosynthetic system and release of assimilates during evocation processes before flower initiation highlights the role of assimilates (especially of sucrose) in flowering initiation processes of Apiaceae plants. Synergistic interaction of ABA/GA3 and zeatin/IAA and antagonistic interaction of ABA/IAA determined the formation of flowering stem and flowering axis structures; however the development intensity depended on thermo and photoperiodic conditions.


( ) ( ) Research Engineer, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, Dr. Eng. ** ( ) Manager, Dept. of Technological Development, Shimizu Corporation *** ( ) ( ) Senior Research Engineer, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, Dr. Eng. **** ( ) Chief Research Engineer, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, M. Eng. BASIC STUDY ON CHARACTERISTICS OF LEAD RUBBER BEARINGS UNDER HORIZONTAL BI-DIRECTIONAL DEFORMATION


The present paper is the third of a series dealing with the effects of freezing and drying on living amphibian muscle (1, 2). In this paper it is shown that simple drying of muscles causes the production of lactic acid, in amount identical with that produced by the corresponding degree of freezing (2). This finding confirms the view expressed in the earlier communications that the effects of freezing and drying are identical, the determining factor in each case being the removal from the muscle of a certain amount of water. Experimental Procedure . To ensure even drying throughout, it was necessary to use a thin muscle of regular geometrical form. The sartorius muscle of the frog was therefore chosen. The frogs were precooled for some hours at zero. The muscles were then carefully removed at their insertions, wiped on filter paper, and each individual muscle suspended by a silk thread of known weight (see later) in a stoppered bottle, over 0·72 per cent, sodium chloride solution. After standing at 0° C. for 24 hours, to allow of the removal of the lactic acid formed during the manipulation, the muscles were weighed, and rapidly dried by being suspended in bottles over solid calcium chloride. It has already been shown that this method of drying produces a uniform state throughout the muscle (1, p. 187). They were removed at intervals for weighing.


Detecting duplicate entities, usually by examining metadata, has been the focus of much recent work. Several methods try to identify duplicate entities, while focusing either on accuracy or on efficiency and speed - with still no perfect solution. We propose a combined layered approach for duplicate detection with the main advantage of using Crowdsourcing as a training and feedback mechanism. By using Active Learning techniques on human provided examples, we fine tune our algorithm toward better duplicate detection accuracy. We keep the training cost low by gathering training data on demand for borderline cases or for inconclusive assessments. We apply our simple and powerful methods to an online publication search system: First, we perform a coarse duplicate detection relying on publication signatures in real time. Then, a second automatic step compares duplicate candidates and increases accuracy while adjusting based on both feedback from our online users and from Crowdsourcing platforms. Our approach shows an improvement of 14% over the untrained setting and is at only 4% difference to the human assessors in accuracy.


Despite the fact that the failure is peculiar, first of all, for professional participants of civil turnover, the practice is often faced with situations when people who are not entrepreneurs are incapable of meeting their financial obligations. It is important to note that one reason for such practice is more active consumer lending, aimed at the development of the consumer economy. Regulation of procedures of insolvency (bankruptcy) differs significantly in the country aspect. The study of the relatively stable U.S. law on bankruptcy has significant heuristic value and is of practical importance as it allows to take into account the positive experience and to make as few mistakes as possible in the process of modernization of the Russian legislation in this sphere. The conceptual approach of American legislation aimed primarily at protecting the interests of the debtor, may be useful to the Russian legislator with certain amendments and correlations.


Experiments were performed to obtain from the bark of birch tar dead wood by pyrolysis at temperatures of 200, 300, 370 and 700 °C. It is found that at a temperature of 200 °C tar is formed, the output product a small amount of yellow water. Pyrolysis 300 and 370 °C yield of tar is 25 and 50 % of the feedstock, respectively. At 700 °C the product output totaled 23.75%. When compared with the purchase of tar obtained in their solubility in non-polar hydrocarbons (hexane, benzene, kerosene), it was found that the resulting birch tar does not comply with regulations.


Chickpea is a key crop in sustainable cropping systems and for its nutritional value. Studies on agronomic and genetic influences on chickpea protein composition are missing. In order to obtain a deep insight into the genetic response of chickpeas to management in relation to agronomic and quality traits, a two-year field trial was carried out with eight chickpea genotypes under an organic and conventional cropping system. Protein composition was assessed by SDS-PAGE in relation to the main fractions (vicilin, convicilin, legumin, lectin, 2s-albumin). Crop response was highly influenced by year and presumably also by management, with a −50% decrease in grain yield under organic farming, mainly due to a reduction in seed number per m2. No effect of crop management was observed on protein content, despite significant differences in terms of protein composition. The ratio between the major globulins, 7s vicilin and 11s legumin, showed a negative relationship with grain yield and was found to be higher under organic farming. Among genotypes, black-seed Nero Senise was characterized by the highest productivity and water-holding capacity, associated with low lectin content. These findings highlight the importance of the choice of chickpea genotypes for cultivation under organic farming in relation to both agronomic performance and technological and health quality.


In this paper we consider extensions of Livsic's well‐known classical results on rigidity of measurable cocycles. We consider transformations which need not be hyperbolic, and cocycles which take values in certain non‐abelian non‐compact groups. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 58F11, 58F15.


The cross-coupling reaction between phenylboronic acid and various types of aryl halides (Suzuki reaction) was carried out using a catalytic amount of a new phosphine-based catalyst under microwave irradiation. The reaction conditions were optimized and results showed that, by application of this catalytic system, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as the solvent and potassium carbonate as the base, reactions could be completed in a short reaction time with high to excellent yields. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


How is the nature of populations governed by the movement decisions made by their members? This is the core question in this thesis. To answer this question, I first assume that s movement decision ...


The article is devoted to study of nested ecology of four species of the Turdus genus in the conditions of joint dwelling of song thrush (Turdus philomelos Brehm), fieldfare (Turdus pilaris L.), redwing (Turdus iliacus L.) and missel (Turdus viscivorus L.). Various aspects such as biotopical denotation, nesting habitat choice, nest structure and size, timing and peculiarities of reproduction, behavior and nutrition were taken into consideration in order to understand the resource allocation process and environmental niche population of these species.


Consider the problem in which we have a sample from each of two multivariate normal populations with equal covariance matrices and we wish to classify a new observation as coming from one of the two populations. It is widely regarded that the most commonly used discriminant procedure for this purpose was introduced by Anderson. During the last 15 years, promising linear adaptive ridge classification rules have been proposed as alternatives where the ridge parameters are chosen by sample reuse methods like cross-validation and bootstrap. This article undertakes a large sample study of the relationship between the optimal ridge parameter and the population parameters. The results suggest a new linear adaptive ridge classification procedure which has a simple closed-form expression for the ridge parameter. A Monte Carlo study is used to compare its error rate with that of the other classification rules previously mentioned.


Climate changes and the anthropogenic impact have been a frequently discussed issue in recent years. The GHG production is significantly influenced by industry, transport, as well as by agriculture which ranks among the five largest producers. Agriculture produces 9,2 % of the total GHG and therefore it is the fourth largest producer of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in the EU. Agriculture is considered one of the sectors where it is possible to look for mitigation possibilities. Oat grown in organic and conventional farming systems is evaluated within this study. The oat life cycle was assessed in the SIMAPro software (the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) Europe method). The functional unit was 1 kg of grain. This method includes a farming stage (field emission, seeds and seedlings, fertilizers, pesticides, agrotechnical operations). Basic data from the farms was supplemented from the Ecoinvent database. The conversion of GHG emissions to CO2e is based on the formula CO2e = 1x CO2 + 23x CH4 + 298x N2O. The total emissions in the agricultural phase within the conventional farming system are 0,650 kg CO2e / kg of oat grains, within the organic one, they are 0,303 kg CO2e / kg of oat grains. Therefore, we can achieve a significant reduction in the emission load per the production unit if the farming system is changed.


During the last twenty years countless attempts have been made to refine, replace or validate our intuitive clinical classifications of mental illness by the statistical analysis of symptom ratings. By and large these attempts have been unsuccessful. In spite of all the elegant and complex manipulations to which innumerable sets of data have been subjected, the classifications used by psychiatrists remain much as they were before the computer was invented. The reasons for this failure—for as such it must be seen at least by clinicians—are complex, but we would attribute it mainly to two factors: a failure to appreciate how unreliable and open to bias are the clinical ratings on which most analyses have been based, and too exclusive a reliance on factor analysis at the expense of other forms of multivariate analysis.


A condensing apparatus for a solar photovoltaic generator is provided to improve effectively an energy efficiency and to reduce fabrication costs by using first and second tilt adjusting units. A condensing apparatus for a solar photovoltaic generator includes a support unit, a rotating body, at least one light condensing module and first and second tilt adjusting units. The support unit(110) is installed on the ground. The rotating body(120) is installed on the support unit. The rotating body is capable of rotating using an X-axis as the center. The light condensing module(130) is installed on the rotating body. The light condensing module is capable of rotating using a Y-axis as the center. The light condensing module is used for transforming a solar energy into an electric energy. The first and the second tilt adjusting units(140) are used for adjusting properly the tilt of the light condensing module.


Three years old crossbred bitch was presented with distended abdomen. The bitch was spayed two weeks back. Based on abdominal palpation and ultrasonography, it was diagnosed as a case of ascites. The animal was treated with a combination of Lasix, Aldactone, D10, Hermin, Dexona and Intacef upon regular monitoring assisted in successful recovery.


Rapid industrialization in a substantial number of developing countries has serious implications for the environment and human health and well being. Water resources such as river basins are particularly affected by industrial and municipal waste discharges which have led to severe effects on water quality. Current regulatory policies to cope with this situation are reviewed and their effectiveness compared. Major governmental instruments include legislation, planning instruments such as environmental impact assessment, effluent standards and charges, licensing, specification and subsidization of pollution control installations and direct interventions. In many developing countries the government acts in a dual role as developing agency and regulatory institution at the same time, which allows for introduction of environmental considerations and pollution control measures early in the industrial development process. Often the lack of an experienced and adequately staffed government machinery in the environmental sector hampers the regulatory agencies control function.


The papers in this volume have outlined the salient properties and functions of neuroendocrine secretory vesicles. The cliical messengers contained within the intravesicular space of these secretory vesicles play important roles within the body as neurotransmitters, hormones, or modulators. The previous articles constitute a splendid review of the integrative biology of the chemical messengers as observed through the study primarily of neuroendocrine secretory vesicles. Neuroendocrine secretory vesicles can, therefore, serve as paradigms for the elucidation of neuroendocrine homeostasis and physiology. Several common themes emerge from the presentations. The structure, composition, and function of neuroendocrine vesicles from a wide variety of embryologically disparate tissues are remarkably alike. Cholinergic, adrenergic, peptidergic, and purinergic secretory vesicles all have similar fundamental properties, compositions, and cellular mechanisms. We have gained significant insights into the biogenesis, development, plasticity, bioenergetics, pharmacology, movement, and exocytosis of these vesicles. Neuroendocrine vesicles are certainly no longer a "black box." As is apparent from the reports and discussions contained in these proceedings, however, many fundamental questions remain unanswered.


In many applications, users specify target values for certain attributes, without requiring exact matches to these values in return. Instead, the result to such queries is typically a rank of the "top k" tuples that best match the given attribute values. In this paper, we study the advantages and limitations of processing a top-k query by translating it into a single range query that a traditional relational database management system (RDBMS) can process efficiently. In particular, we study how to determine a range query to evaluate a top-k query by exploiting the statistics available to an RDBMS, and the impact of the quality of these statistics on the retrieval efficiency of the resulting scheme. We also report the first experimental evaluation of the mapping strategies over a real RDBMS, namely over Microsoft's SQL Server 7.0. The experiments show that our new techniques are robust and significantly more efficient than previously known strategies requiring at least one sequential scan of the data sets.


The inverse imaging is a key issue for microwave interferometric radiometers,but the inverse process is ill-posed and doesn't provide a unique and stable solution.For the problem that there exists a large reconstruction bias with G matrix model used generally in the inversion algorithm,an improved G matrix model applied in FPIR system was presented.The simulation results show that,compared with conventional G matrix model,the improved G matrix model can greatly reduce the reconstruction bias in the FPIR system.The improved G matrix model can obtain more accurately the brightness temperature distribution of the observed scene,so as to meet requirements of measuring wind field of the ocean surface and soil moisture for FPIR.


In this article, we describe a new species, Patania shompen Singh & Ahmad, sp. n. from Great Nicobar Island. The differential diagnosis of the new species is provided with the Patania iopasalis (Walker, 1859), Patania obfuscalis (Yamanaka, 1998) and Patania clava Xu & Du, 2016.


This study investigates the effects of Basel II and Basel III capital adequacy rules and the regulatory framework adopted by Chinese banking regulators on the efficiency of the banking sector in China during the post-Basel II era (2007–2017) and compares the results with that of the pre-Basel II era (1996–2006). The study finds that both cost and profit efficiency of the banking industry have improved significantly from the pre-Basel II era (1996–2006) to the post-Basel II era (2007–2017). Subperiod analyses show that the risk-based capital ratio (Tier 1 capital ratio) is significantly positively associated with profit efficiency during both pre- and post-Basel II eras. Overall, the "Big Four" national banks and regional commercial banks signal higher profit efficiency during the post-Basel II era.


ABSTRACT Objective Understanding the individual and collective behavior of individuals about their oral health conditions is important to prevent and control of dental caries. This study aimed to seek evidence of the relationship between social capital and caries experience. Methods Using a systematic review with meta-analysis, we searched articles in PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, LILACS, IBECS, BBO, SCIELO, The Cochrane Library and MEDLINE databases. Studies with humans, of all ages and languages, published until July 2019, which related social capital to the caries experience, were included in this review. Results We identified 1163 articles evaluated considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, leaving 5 articles selected to compose the study sample, and only 3 included in the meta-analysis. In the final analysis p value was significant (p <0.001), showing that both social cohesion and neighborhood empowerment are associated with the caries experience. In the random model, the individual has 2.39 chances of not having the caries disease. The results reinforce the importance of community social capital in the caries experience of individuals. Conclusions The high level of community social capital is directly related to lower caries experience rates.


A study was performed for the GVRD to select the ozone dose that results in a higher UVT (UV Transmittance) and reduced DBP formation potential, at the most economical life cycle costs of ozone and UV treatment. The GVRD treats its Coquitlam source with ozone, to meet Giardia and virus inactivation requirements. Currently, the Coquitlam Facility does not meet Cryptosporidium inactivation requirements (3-log). Because the ozone dosage required for Cryptosporidium inactivation is cost prohibitive, UV treatment was selected to provide for adequate log inactivation. Based on pilot and full-scale test results, a model was developed to predict the ozone treated water UVT, which was applied to historical water quality data to evaluate life cycle costs of ozone and UV treatment. In addition, the dosage necessary for control of DBPs, the change in ozone decay rate with increases in pH, and the impact of three quenching chemicals on treated water UVT were evaluated.


Since the 1970s,especially the 1990s,western comparative education researchers have introduced social cartography into comparative education research,and created a lot of research fruits.In fact,social cartography is an academic school of expressing the reality and explaining the society in the postmodernism,which is an application of cartography principle to other social sciences.It provides comparative education researchers a useful spatial tool and a new research perspective with its unique advantages.Macro-mapping of paradigms and theories in comparative education mapped by Rolland G.Paulston is a typical example of application of social cartography to comparative education research.Social cartography has been criticized and blamed,but as a kind of research tool,its development space in western contemporary comparative education research seems to be still very large.


Soil contained in 5.6 × 2.0 × 10.5 cm Plexiglas soil containers was separated from solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 by a Pellicon ultrafiltration membrane glued over the inside of 3.8-cm-diameter holes in two sides. Flow rate through the membrane was 4.4 ml day−1 cm−2 for a 1.0-bar potential difference across the membrane. At the end of 2 weeks, the average matric potential in the soil adjacent to the membranes for soil cells immersed in −0.2-, −1.0-, and −2.0-bar PEG solutions was −0.3, −1.1, and −2.3 bars respectively. The relatively constant potential and vigorous plant growth during the period indicated that sufficient water was passing through the membrane to meet the plant's water requirements. The Pellicon membrane's tolerance to microbial deterioration will permit the use of this technique in longer term studies than previously has been possible.


The General Urban Plan (GUP) is an integral part of local development policy and one of the most controversial development documents in Serbia. Although the Law (Planning and Construction Law, 2014) defines this instrument as a 'strategic development plan', it is not used as such in institutional practice. GUP is drafted merely to fulfil a formal requirement, utilised to satisfy individual interests, and ignored or amended, or followed blindly. Local stakeholders shape the design, implementation, and basic purpose of each GUP, but they are not even nearly equal to each other at any point, meaning they lack the same leverage, interest, or power to affect the drafting or implementation of documents of this magnitude. The GUP is largely left to the vagaries of the complex system of local authorities and its numerous currents and agents. This paper focuses on mayors as formally and potentially the most influential stakeholders in local governance, but with lack of knowledge or interest to change the role of GUP. There is an obvious deficit of agents in Serbia who can institutionalize GUP as a strategic instrument for local development, and serious deficit of actors who recognize the need for change and want to react.


This article is dedicated to the derivational analysis of neologisms during the Soviet period. Lexical- semantic innovations caused by the need for nomination of new objects and phenomena vividly reflect the changes that occurred in society during this period. It has been recognized that the major methods of new nomination creation in Russian literary language are affixal word formation, compounding, borrowing, and semantic transfer. In this article, the data is analyzed by affixal derivation and compounding. Thus, nouns with the suffix-ist, -ik, -k (a), -schik/-chik greatly enriched the Russian language in the period from 1952-1995 when the two Dictionaries were published. Neologisms with these suffixes make up to about 12% of the total number of words under investigation. In accordance with this data, formation of neologisms is characterized by the creation of new families of words. For example, the word ``lobby`` quickly formed such derivatives as lobbist, lobbistkiy, lobbying, etc. The choice of suffixes depends on intralanguage conditions, in particular on the affix`s meaning and its ability to participate in stylistically neutral and emotionally colored unit formation. Thus, the suffix -chik/-schik more often forms a stylistically colored lexical unit that are marked in dictionaries as colloq. - (colloquial): samovolschik, nuclear physicist, kabinetchik etc. Among the suffixes that can influence the change of neologism stylistic coloring are the suffix-k (a): amoralka, zakranka, mineral water, prodlenka, five-story building, etc. About 17% of the analyzed neologisms in the word stock were emotive words, although not all of them have special marks in the DO-95. Compounding (about 4.7%) and abbreviation (about 5.9%) are productive ways of neologism formation. This is probably due to the fact that complex words represent the combination of two independent lexical units resulting in a naming unit. This makes it possible for complex phenomena to be implicitly reflected in the language. The degree of implicitness increases as lexical units are formed through combining abbreviated words and reaches its utmost degree in lexical units formed as the result of only compounding.


Results of an experiment in the neutron scattering in helium II at T=1.2 K in the energy transfer region epsilonapprox.2 ..delta.. are discussed. Experimental data indicate the presence in the excitation spectrum of He/sup 4/ branch of a two-roton bound state.


Abstract Photopolymers play an important role in technical imaging systems. Several basic principles of photopolymer crosslinking and photoinduced radical polymerization systems will be reviewed. Photopolymers are amorphous solids and the photo crosslinking reaction (e.g. increase in molecular weight) takes place in the glassy state. Their ultimate photographic speed may be calculated from basic physical properties of the irradiated areas. A continuous decrease of quantum yield during irradiation is characteristic for the photoreaction. The response to light is made possible by built in or added chromophores that can undergo different reactions depending upon their nature. In a photoinduced polymerization the photo initiator decays into a radical pair when exposed to radiation. The photochemical reaction is amplified by a subsequent polymerization with multi functional reactive monomers to form an insoluble network. The photographic speed is governed by several factors including the quantum yield of cleav...


Objective To demonstrate an effective and reasonable treament for advanced breast cancer. Methods The clinical data of 185 females with advanced breast cancer were reviewed retrospectively. 87 cases were treated with reduced radical mastectomy or radical mastectomy plus irradiation and chemotherapy (operation group); 98 cases, only with irradiation and chemotherapy (non-operation group). All the patients were followed up top compare the five-year survival rate between the two groups. Results The five-year survival rate of the operation group and non-operation group was 43.68% and 15.30% respectively(P0.01). Conclusion For advanced breast cancers, surgical operation combined with irradiation and chamotherapy may improve the five-year survival rate.


The thermal behavior of laminar flow in a concentric multilayer annulus is investigated numerically for varying dimensionless inner radii and a defined number of fluid layers. Under a hydrodynamically developed flow assumption within the fluid layers, the development of temperature profiles and heat transfer along the annulus are analyzed for two different boundary conditions. The mean temperature distribution, local Nusselt number, and mean Nusselt number are discussed in detail with an emphasis on the effects of the inner radius and number of fluid layers. The obtained results indicate that the change in heat transfer coefficient in a layered annulus is more pronounced at a small inner radius or larger radius ratio. A further insertion of more than ten layers has insignificant influence on the convective heat transfer in a layered annulus.


Over 40% of the world's population is under danger from mosquito transmitted diseases, which are a growing global health challenge. Since 2000, malaria control has made significant progress, but of late it has slowed down. Aedes-borne arbovirus risk is also rising quickly due to the remarkable expansion of the dengue and chikungunya viruses, yellow fever outbreaks, and the Zika virus pandemic. To counteract this issues people used many vector control measures. Synthetic pesticides play a significant role in mosquito larval and adult control strategies, although their deployment is hampered by the development of resistance. As an alternative, various biological measures are being used including bacterial bio pesticides. They are extremely effective at controlling larvae due to their lack of resistance development and environmental friendliness. In this present review various biological control measures used for mosquito control are discussed.


Library interview dominates the quality of books in stock.The thesis has put forward some models to continue the library interview.They are on-the spot interview,reservation interview and internet interview.In order to serve the students well,it is necessary to build up a quality-assessment system.


An undergraduate laboratory experiment that can be used in Biochemistry, Toxicology and Microbiology courses to discuss the important effects of chemical compounds on metabolism is presented in this paper. The effects of pH and some metals (Hg, Mo and U) on ferrous ion oxidation by four Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains were investigated using respirometry techniques. The biological oxidation of Fe2+ by the four strains is in agreement with the Michaelis-Menten kinetic model. The experiment can be an important tool to introduce this subject, as well as in opening possible discussions about other issues.


A model is given to provide a microscopic description of plasma sheaths, using the Vlasov equation for ions and electrons coupled with Maxwell's equations for the fields. The sheaths considered connect two different constant states of a plasma in a magnetic field. In the charge‐neutral approximation a solution is obtained in closed form in terms of quadratures. The solution depends essentially on three free parameters, related to the differences in density and electric potential between the two end states, and to the value of β, the ratio of the plasma pressure to the magnetic pressure, on one side of the sheath. The scaling law changes considerably from one solution to another. Solutions are obtained which scale according to some representative electron Larmor radius, or ion Larmor radius, or piece‐wise according to both. As a limiting case, when the density is allowed to go to zero on one side of the sheath, one obtains the boundary layer between a plasma and a containing vacuum magnetic field. As a pec...


Twitter has attracted a great deal of attention recently. It is one of the most common social networking sites for chats, sharing ideas, and transfer of information and news through text. This paper focused on sentiment classification of twitter data belonging to Sudanese revolution which written using either Modern Standard Arabic or Sudanese dialectical Arabic. Twitter's API was used to collect tweets related to Sudanese revolution. The dataset consists of 6482 tweets with a good balance of positive and negative sentiments. Three different classifiers were used on the dataset namely; Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB) and Decision Tree (DT) to classify the tweets based on its polarity into positive or negative. We evaluated our work by four different measures which are Precision, Recall, Accuracy and F-measure. We made a comparison between the three classifiers based on those measures. The results show that, SVM achieved the best Accuracy and F-measure and it equals 75.2%, 83.9% respectively. While NB achieved best Precision and it equals 75.2%. Also, DT achieved best Recall and it equals 99.9%. In addition, the percentages of positive and negative opinions toward the government was calculated. 9.4% represents the percentage of positive opinions related the government, while 90.6% represents the percentage of negative opinions related the same government.


Information mining and semantic analysis have gained significant attention over recent years to obtain appropriate information from unstructured data. Several approaches have been introduced for web information mining. However, the expected accuracy is not reached by these approaches. Therefore, hybrid fuzzy clustering and enhanced latent Dirichlet allocation (ELDA) are proposed for the accuracy increment in this work. The information clustering process is performed using the hybrid fuzzy clustering algorithm called fuzzy‐C‐medoids optimized using improved whale algorithm. The clustering procedure entails grouping data points into more similar clusters than data points from other clusters. Finally, the context of the text is recognized by analyzing the semantic information with ELDA, which offers a suitable index for accurate and fast data extraction. PYTHON tool is used to develop the proposed web mining model, and the simulation analysis of the proposed model is carried out using the BibTex dataset and compared with baseline models. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using purity, normalized mutual information, accuracy, and precision metrics. Also, it is compared with different existing algorithms. Thus, the analysis of the results proved that the proposed approach achieves better outcomes than the existing approaches.


The article reveals the problem of the low morale of Russian society at the present stage of its development from the point of view of Russia's war against Ukraine in 2014–2023. A clear indicator of the society's decline is the justification of Putin's policy by most of the intellectual and cultural elite of the Russian Federation, which demonstrates the dominance of the authoritarian political ideology – Rashism, based on totalitarian and misanthropic ideological principles and social practices. While analyzing the socio-political processes in Russia over the past three decades, it is worth noting that liberal democratic ideas that were common in the early 1990s did not find their embodiment, since for the society (including the ruling elite) the authoritarian regime of power turned out to be more natural. We see the origins of Russian imperialism (Rashism) in the concept of God's choice of the Russian people, a great influence on the formation of the imperialist national consciousness of which was influenced by works of famous Russian poets and writers such as Aleksandr Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Fyodor Tyutchev, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and others. Today, the Russian Federation is dominated by public views based on great-power chauvinism and painful nostalgia for a powerful state that determines the fate of the world. And only a minor stratum of the society's intellectual part was able to rethink and abandon the totalitarian past, with the most remarkable representative of all them being Liya Akhedzhakova. A striking manifestation of the low level of culture in the Russian Federation is the modern musical production of popular artists (Yulia Chicherina, Oleg Gazmanov, rock band Lyube, Polina Gagarina, Dmitry Pevtsov, etc.), which demonstrates the lack of aesthetic taste and spirituality and is an expression of existing opportunistic processes inherent in the culture of authoritarian countries. The author concluded that the listed facts testify to the mythological thinking of the Russian society regarding its glorious past and existing groundless claims to other countries, as well as manifestations of xenophobia and militarism. The vast majority of Russians are captured by the cult of force and death rather than a need for culture.


The organic combination of the levee and road by the river side in cities is an issue worth discussing.On the basis of engineering experiences,the key issues of construction of levee road by river side were studied from the aspects of layout,embankment treatment,bank slope protection,and pavement design and operation management.The general layout for the combination of levee and road,treatment of connection of old and new embankment,standard of compactness,etc.are suggested.


The goal is to improve the accuracy of a novel coronary heart disease prediction model utilizing support vector clustering in contrast to a random forest classifier. Materials and Procedures: Random Forest Classifier and Support Vector Clustering Technique Heart disease is predicted using algorithms. Study contains two groups with sample size 5 for each group. For identification and prediction, a cardiac dataset is employed. The dataset comprises 14 variables that might be utilized to identify whether a patient has heart problems. Results: The results were produced using two classifiers having statistical significance: For accuracy, the sig (2-tailed) p-value observed is 0.002 (p<0.05). In terms of heart disease prediction, the Support Vector Clustering Technique appears to perform significantly better than Random Forest. Conclusion: In the novel coronary heart disease prediction the Support Vector Clustering Technique, with an accuracy of 82.85 percent, Compared to the Random Forest Classifier Algorithm, which has an accuracy of 79.63 percent, it seems to be more accurate.


This present work was related to the establishment of na intersection point (interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity) in the human movement to concepts that come from Psychology, Psychoanalysis, Symbolic Interacionism, and the Science of Human Motricity. The development of this work sustained that the social identity and self esteem, keeping in mind that fl amenco dance is a technique and a psychopedagogical tool to maintain them. The goal of this study was to verify the relation between the level of social identifi cation sustained by those who belong to groups naturally created (fl amenco dancers) and also the importance that these dancers attribute to their own group ("in-group") and to other groups ("out-group") and fi nally, to ascertain if the master fi gure practices the role of an external mediator agent for the pupils'social identity. For those supposes, the following tools were used: typicalness and value evaluation questionary (fl amenco dancers and classical ballet, fl amenco dancers and non-dancers), positiveness evaluation questionary, collective self-esteem scale (CROCKER & LUHTANEN, 1992), questions for the evaluation of the degree identifi cation with the group and ques- tions presented to the fl amenco teachers. This recognition of the self image is primordial to the intersubjective motions. This sample was composed by 200 fl amenco dancers divided in two groups of 100. The results show that the larger the identifi cation level of flmenco dancers with their own group, the more favorable their valuation of the group will be. The depiction of the master as a booster of the group's identity process is the defi nitive. The motor behavior of dancing works in intimacy with the word, and the verb is charged with meaning and quality, both os wich will be sent to the sensorial and mental receptors. In conclusion, they have such a strong identity that any event occurring outside their group is not part of their concern. And the fl amenco refl ecting in the body the memories recreated along the history of man kind, supports the self-esteem thus generated from the constructed social identity.


This paper, on the base of the pluralistic concept of intelligence, analyzes the present researches about sports intelligence. It argues that, the researches of sports intelligence in the past have only inquired into the relationship between sports and intelligence, even the features of athletes' average intelligence, but they are unable to reveal the essence of sports intelligence or explain the relationship and the interaction between sports intelligence and the sub-intelligence contained in the body-sports intelligence. This paper points out that sports intelligence should include average intelligence, body-sports intelligence and intelligence for specialized sports, that future researches of sports intelligence will focus on the body-sports intelligence, its relationship with other intelligence, and its sub-competence, and that the future research modes for sports intelligence will be dynamic and ecological.


The effects of the catecholestrogens 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1) and 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2) on the growth of the estrogen-induced transplantable PRL-secreting rat pituitary tumor 7315a were compared with the effects produced by the chronic administration of estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3). 2-OHE2 (100 μg/kg·day for 27 days) inhibited pituitary tumor growth by 38 ±8% (P < 0.05), while producing no change in the weight and total PRL content of the pituitary gland. It exerted a small uterotropic effect in tumor-bearing rats and impaired body growth slightly. 2-OHE1 (100 μg/kg·day) inhibited pituitary tumor growth by 56 ± 9% (P < 0.01) and suppressed both the weight (P < 0.01) and the total PRL content of the pituitary gland (P < 0.01). The compound normalized the weight of the uterus and did not influence body growth. Both E2 (20 μg/kg·day) and E3 (100 μg/kg·day) profoundly inhibited pituitary tumor growth (−98 ± 3 and −83 ± 6%, respectively; P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). These steroids had a stro...


Battery degradation in electric vehicles is detrimental and keeping track of the State of Health (SOH) of the battery is essential. Current battery SOH estimation techniques (such as monitoring voltage decrease with increasing cycles) have several drawbacks, such as having monotonically decreasing predictions in non-monotonic systems and susceptibility to noise effects. There is a simpler and more reliable technique by monitoring the charging times of the battery in every cycle. This method is proven to be accurate and to have low susceptibility to noise effects. Results show nearly identical results in scenarios with and without noise.


Sociologist Michael M. Cernea, after a successful professional career in Romania, his native country, continued his work at the World Bank, in Washington, starting in 1974. He founded the department of sociology and influenced the perspective on social security within the Bank. Cernea was awarded the Bronisław Malinowski and Solon T. Kimball prizes for his scientific achievements, and he was elected member of the Romanian Academy. He is considered one of the most important thinkers in the fields of sociology of development and applied anthropology.


Abstract The success of multitiered systems of support for students in public school settings, and Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS), in particular, has led to implementation of this framework in other settings, including secure care juvenile correctional facilities. Although all essential components of the framework translate well to other settings, some adaptations are necessary to accommodate different structures, goals, and operational procedures of nonpublic school settings. Secure care settings historically have gathered multiple types of data for evaluation and monitoring purposes. Some forms of those traditional data serve PBIS purposes well, but other certain new data, other forms of data, and different analyses of existing data may be needed to accurately monitor progress and impact of PBIS. In this article, we describe purposes for data as part of the PBIS framework, and discuss adaptations to typical data sources and analyses that may be needed in secure care settings.


Cardiac arrhythmia and heart block in particular is commonly found in association with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Here we describe real-time responsivity of 2nd degree heart block to treatment of OSA with positive airway pressure (PAP) during a titration study.

 Our patient is a 70-year old man without significant cardiovascular disease. He presented with loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness. A home sleep apnea test in July 2020 revealed obstructive sleep apnea (respiratory event index 20, oxygen saturation nadir 86%). The patient was treated with auto-adjusting continuous positive airway pressure (APAP) and had symptomatic benefit. His most recent machine data download suggested an elevated residual respiratory event index (REI) of 19.6, 16.5 of which were central. A split-night study was performed to re-characterize the nature of the patient's obstructive sleep apnea and treatment needs. The baseline portion of the study (AHI 50.8, oxygen saturation nadir 86%) was notable for the presence of frequent 2nd degree heart block (171.0 events/hour of recording). During the titration portion of the study, frequent central sleep apneas emerged with the addition of PAP therapy, consistent with treatment-emergent central sleep apnea. The patient was transitioned to bilevel positive airway pressure spontaneous timed mode (BPAP ST), and a pressure setting of 13/6 cm of water with backup rate of 14 breaths per minute effectively controlled his sleep-disordered breathing. The heart block that had been observed during the baseline portion of the study dramatically improved with the start of BPAP ST. Once the patient's sleep-disordered breathing was controlled, the patient's heart block occurred at a rate of only 12.1 events/hour of recording.

 Treatment of sleep apnea has been established to be beneficial for the improvement of cardiac arrhythmias. This case is remarkably instructive in that attainment of an effective treatment setting for sleep-disordered breathing resulted in an almost immediate improvement of heart block.


This study consequently was conducted to perform a comprehensive evaluation of their daily mobile phone interactions, identify crucial Mobile Phone Usage Factors affecting Overal Mobile Phone Satisfaction and devise ways to solve their mobile phone usage problems.l


The putative parents of the Hirado azalea ( Rhododendron × pulchrum ) are R. scabrum , R. ripense , R. × mucronatum , and other related cultivars. Hirado azalea shows a wide range of flower color variation, but the genetic basis for this color variation is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the anthocyanin pathway gene, flavonoid 3', 5' hydroxylase (F3'5'H), by genomic DNA analysis, cDNA sequence analysis, and deduced amino acid sequences to assess the genetic relationships between these taxa, as well as investigating the genetic basis of color variation in this group. In R. scabrum and red and pink flowered Hirado azalea cultivars, in which delphinidin (Dp) derivatives are absent, only the exon 2 region was amplified using specific primers in a coding region (CDS) of the F3'5'H gene, except for exon 1, suggesting that the DNA structure of exon 1 is defective in these plants that lack Dp derivatives. On the other hand, R. ripense , R. macrosepalum , and R. yedoense var. poukhanense and R. × mucronatum 'Shiro-ryūkyū', with Dp derivatives have normal F3'5'H DNA gene structure. The lengths of the F3'5'H cDNA nucleotide sequences of these wild species were 1533 bp (510 AA), whereas in R. × mucronatum 'Shiro-ryūkyū', two different sequence lengths were observed—1533 and 1551 bp (510 and 516 AA). R. ripense , R. × mucronatum 'Shiro-ryūkyū', and four purple and white flowered Hirado azalea cultivars were grouped in the same cluster in the F3'5'H gene phylogeny. Among the four Hirado azalea cultivars, the lengths of F3'5'H in CDS were 1551 bp, which included a 5 bp insertion adjacent to the stop codon in 'Ademurasaki' and 'Hakuhō'. However, 'Hirado-no-homare' and 'Shirokujyaku' lacked this insertion and had 1533 bp CDS. When PCR was performed to distinguish the 5 bp insertion, the amplified product was found in some R. ripense individuals and R. × mucronatum 'Shiro-ryūkyū', but not in R. scabrum or R. macrosepalum . These results suggest that the wide range of flower color in Hirado azalea cultivars is caused by variation in the F3'5'H genotype derived from hybridization between R. scabrum and either R. ripense or R. × mucronatum 'Shiro-ryūkyū'.


The two-phase axisymmetric flow field downstream of the swirl cup of an advanced gas turbine combustor is studied numerically and validated against experimental Phase-Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) data. The swirl cup analyzed is that of a single annular GE/SNECMA CFM56 turbofan engine that is comprised of a pair of coaxial counterswirling air streams together with a fuel atomizer. The atomized fuel mixes with the swirling air stream, resulting in the establishment of a complex two-phase flow field within the swirl chamber. The analysis procedure involves the solution of the gas phase equations in an Eulerian frame of reference using the code CONCERT. CONCERT has been developed and used extensively in the past and represents a fully elliptic body-fitted computational fluid dynamics code to predict flow fields in practical full-scale combustors. The flow in this study is assumed to be nonreacting and isothermal. The liquid phase is simulated by using a droplet spray model and by treating the motion of the fuel droplets in a Lagrangian frame of reference. Extensive PDPA data for the CFM56 engine swirl cup have been obtained at atmospheric pressure by using water as the fuel (Wang et al., 1992a). The PDPA system makes pointwise measurements thatmore » are fundamentally Eulerian. Measurements have been made of the continuous gas phase velocity together with discrete phase attributes such as droplet size, droplet number count, and droplet velocity distribution at various axial stations downstream of the injector. Numerical calculations were performed under the exact inlet and boundary conditions as the experimental measurements. The computed gas phase velocity field showed good agreement with the test data.« less


Party's Legal resources of is the condition of maintaining Party's administration.After old legal resources lost,it is urgent for our Party to develop new legal resources.After the 16th Party's Gongress,Hu Jintao has developed the legal resources by upholding administration is top primary,administratian for people,Setting up new system for punishing and preventing corruption,advancing the construction of party's administration,develo- ping the advanced education for Party members and structuring socialist society.So new resources have been sup- plemented for Party's Legal administration.


To assess the spatial and temporal changes of forest landscape in the Liushahe watershed,Yunnan Province,Southwest China,two Landsat TM/ETM images from 1988 and 2003 were classified by Erdas Imagine then converted to shape format based ArcView,and rest of the analyses was performed in GIS environments.A forest fragmentation index was produced for mountainous area,champaign area and between(edge area) that combined measures of forested area,average patch area,perimeter density and fractal dimension.The results show that both population density and distance to residential area impact on forested area and forest fragmentation index near residential area.And significantly negative correlation was found between fragmentation index and distance to residential area in champaign and edge.While forest coverage,average patch area were positively correlated with distance to residential area in mountain area.Average patch area enlarged in mountain area because many strong measures had been taken against forest destroy since 1980s.The spatial variation of the effects of human activities on forest landscape was extended.Mountainous forest near campaign was destroyed very seriously from 1988 to 2003.Forest near residential area was destroyed so much that it can induce natural disasters,which threatens local human activities.So the destruction of forest must be paid more attention.


Evaluation of: Groebe K, Hayess K, Klemm-Manns M et al. Protein biomarkers for in vitro testing of embryotoxicity. J. Proteome Res. 9(11), 5727–5738 (2010). Mechanism-based safety evaluation and reduction of animal use are important issues in recent developmental toxicology. In vitro developmental toxicity tests with proteomic analysis are the most promising solution to these issues. Groebe et al. systematically applied proteomic analysis to the embryonic stem cell test, a validated in vitro developmental toxicity test, and found protein-expression changes induced by model test chemicals selected from various categories of toxicity. Cluster analysis of all the proteins with expression changes classified the test chemicals into two groups: highly embryotoxic chemicals and non- or weakly embryotoxic chemicals. In addition, some protein biomarker candidates that were known to be involved in normal development were identified. Although further mechanistic investigations are needed, the use of in vitro developmental toxicity tests with proteomic analysis will contribute to mechanism-based safety evaluation with minimal use of animals.


Purpose This study evaluated the treatment acceptance rate and cost-effectiveness of the telemedicine model in clinical practice for adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patients and Methods Patients admitted to the sleep center for snoring were randomly divided into telemedicine and control groups. Patients diagnosed with moderate-to-severe OSA using the Home Sleep Apnea Test (HSAT) were voluntarily treated with auto-adjusted positive airway pressure (APAP) therapy. The acceptance rate of the APAP treatment, cost of patient visits, time cost, and labor cost of doctors in the two groups were observed. Results A total of 57 subjects were included, with an average age of 40.12±11.73 years, including 47 males (82.5%); 26 patients were in the telemedicine group, and 31 were in the control group. Follow-up results showed that the acceptance rate of APAP treatment was 57.7% and 54.8% in the telemedicine and control groups, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.829). The cost-benefit analysis showed that the telemedicine group reduced the cost of patients' medical treatment [−457.84(−551.19,1466.87)] but increased the extra intervention frequency and time outside the doctor's office. Further analysis showed that male subjects of older age, higher education level, distant residence, no fatty liver, poor sleep quality, severe insomnia, and higher OSA severity were more likely to receive telemedicine diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion The APAP treatment acceptance rate and compliance of OSA patients in the telemedicine group were similar to those in the control group, and the cost of patients' medical treatment was reduced. However, telemedicine increases the frequency and duration of additional out-of-hospital interventions.


How to characterize short protein sequences to make an effective connection to their functions is an unsolved problem. Here we propose to map the physicochemical properties of each amino acid onto unit spheres so that each protein sequence can be represented quantitatively. We demonstrate the usefulness of this representation by applying it to the prediction of cell penetrating peptides. We show that its combination with traditional composition features yields the best performance across different datasets, among several methods compared. For the convenience of users, a web server has been established for automatic calculations of the proposed features at http://biophy.dzu.edu.cn/SNumD/.


Adult Pekin ducks were chronically equipped with a thermode device which allowed local thermal stimulation and simultaneous single-unit recording in the hypothalamus of the conscious animals during a period of up to three months. In two animals the activities of 29 single units were recorded extracellularly for sufficient time to measure static firing rates as a function of local temperature ranging from 32° to 42°C. Eleven units could be classified as warm sensitive, five units as cold sensitive, five neurons were insensitive to repeated local cooling and heating, and eight were variably active but not correlated with local temperature. The results indicate that the percentage of thermosensitive neurons in the hypothalamus of the two ducks may have been higher than the percentage found in several cats, rabbits, and dogs. The warm sensitive units recorded in the two ducks and additional 6 hypothalamic warm units found in three other ducks exhibited Q10 values between 2 and 17 with a mean of 4.8 · 4.3 s.d., i.e., their sensitivities were equal to those of warm-sensitive neurons recorded in the hypothalamus of mammals. Thermoreceptivity has been attributed to the thermosensitive neurons in the rostral brainstem of mammals, since heating this tissue increases the rate of heat loss whereas cooling the same tissue reduces the rate of heat loss and increases the rate of heat production. In ducks, and penguins as well, cooling the rostral brainstem does not induce shivering or vasoconstriction but only inhibits metabolism and vasoconstriction. Thermosensitivity of a neuron in the rostral brainstem is not a sufficient criterion for presuming a thermoreceptive role for it in the duck, and probably not in a mammal either.


Sharing needles and ancillary injection drug equipment places injection drug users (IDU) at risk for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), a highly infectious blood-borne virus. A limited number of studies have analyzed the per-contact infectivity of HCV associated with the use of previously-used needles, but per-contact infectivity of ancillary injecting equipment has not been previously investigated. Our goal is to estimate the per-contact infectivity of HCV associated with (1) injecting with another person's previously-used needle, classified as receptive needle sharing (RNS), and (2) using another person's previously-used ancillary injecting equipment, such as cookers to melt drugs and cottons to strain impurities from the melted drugs, termed receptive equipment sharing (RES). Estimates of per-contact probabilities were calculated based on self-reported exposures to RNS and RES. A probabilistic exposure model was used on the UFO (yoU Find Out) dataset composed of 784 IDU under the age of vii 30 who were surveyed quarterly between 2003-2008 and 2010-2014. For each participant, we selected the first survey with an HCV seronegative status up through their next seropositive survey, leaving us with 505 subjects on whom to conduct the analysis. A marginal maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) considering only RNS gives a per-contact infectivity of HCV as 0.39% (95% CI: 0.188% 0.679%). A joint MLE gives RNS as 0.44% (95% CI: 0.0001% 0.600%) and RES as 0% (95% CI: 0.00% 0.69%), thus needles are a much bigger cause of concern than equipment. Though both probabilities are small, 13% (65/505) of the subjects studied seroconverted to an HCV-postitive status. Strategies for reducing RNS, and RES to a lesser extent, are important for reducing the spread of HCV and its related maladies.


The mature seeds of O.meyerianaand O.Sativa02428 were used as the materials to study the callus induction and subculture,establishment of embryogenic suspension cells,preparation of protoplasts,differentiation of regeneration of cells and regeneration of plant.The results show that(1)The appropriate concentration of 2,4-D for callus induction is 0.014mmol/L.(2)The appropriate condition of establishing embryonic suspension cell line is AA suspension medium+0.009mmol/L2,4-D,0.4g per 25 mL liquid medium of initial inoculation amount and 7d of subculture cycle.(3)The appropriate condition of protoplast preparation is 20g/L Celluase Onozuka RS+1g/L Pectolyase Y-23 pectinase,5hof enzymatic hydrolysis time,800r/min of purification speed for 5min.(4)The method of fluorescent whitening agent(VBL)can be used for rapid and accurate detection of cell wall changes in the process of plant protoplast preparation and culture.


IN THE SPAN OF A SEASON, A GLOBAL cadre of researchers has leveraged years of drug development into a slew of possible treatments for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Since the beginning of the SARS outbreak last spring, large drug companies have dusted off libraries of failed antivirals, famous researchers have adapted the latest anti-HIV strategy, and federal agencies have busied themselves screening thousands of existing drugs. While the World Health Organization (WHO) stopped tracking SARS cases earlier this summer, the agency warns that the disease may simply be napping. Federal agencies, led by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), agree and are backing work on anti-SARS drugs.


Abstract Let k be a field and let A n (ω) be the Taft's n 2 -dimensional Hopf algebra. When n is odd, the Drinfeld quantum double D ( A n (ω)) of A n (ω) is a ribbon Hopf algebra. In a previous paper we constructed an n 4 -dimensional Hopf algebra H n ( p ,  q ) which is isomorphic to D ( A n (ω)) if p  ≠ 0 and q  = ω − 1 , and studied the irreducible representations of H n (1,  q ). We continue our study of H n ( p ,  q ), and we examine the finite-dimensional representations of H 3 (1,  q ), equivalently, of D ( A 3 (ω)). We investigate the indecomposable left H 3 (1,  q )-module, and describe the structures and properties of all indecomposable modules and classify them when k is algebraically closed. We also give all almost split sequences in mod  H 3 (1,  q ), and the Auslander–Reiten quiver of H 3 (1,  q ).


In recent years, Data Warehouse has emerged as a powerful technology for integrating heterogeneous data into a multidimensional repository on behalf of decision-support analysis. The complex extraction, transformation and loading process involved, as well as the aggregational-intensive queries are governed by a multitude of quality factors such as integrity, accessibility, performance, and other domain-specific non-functional requirements (NFRs). This clearly advocates the use of an NFR approach to support high-quality data warehouse specifications. In this work we extend the NFR Framework [3] to define catalogues of major data warehouse NFR types, related operational methods and correlation rules, for latter reuse during the development stage. We illustrate the contributions of our approach with a case study on a large data warehouse project.


A solution is presented to the problem of finding the best set of K completely unmerged paths through a trellis with M/sub /i>or=K states at depth i in the trellis, i=0, 1, 2, . . ., N. Here, 'best set' means that the sum of the metrics of all K paths in the set is minimized, and 'completely unmerged' means that no two paths pass through a common state. The solution involves using the Viterbi algorithm on an expanded trellis. This result is then used to separate the tracks of K targets optimally in a simplified model of a multitarget radar system. The model includes measurement errors and false alarms, but it does not include the effects of missing detections or merged measurements. >


Dermoid sinus, a developmental anomaly was observed in a 9 month old Golden retriever dog. The patient was treated surgically with complete excision of dermoid sinus. The dog recovered completely with no recurrence.


The International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981-1990), has called for a whole new approach to water sector development. The spotlight is on communities - community participation, community management, community financing - and away from national and local government structures. In this paper it is argued that the Decade rhetoric has not created the capacity and infrastructural networks to achieve and sustain its objective of universal water and sanitation coverage. The result is a contradiction between strategy and structures. It is concluded that community participation and community management may be conducive to achieving the Decades target; but are not sustainable alternatives to strong local and national government institutions in the water sector.


The benefits of creatine (CR) supplementation are well documented, particularly during repeated bouts of high-intensity muscular activity. Most published experiments use mass-supported (cycle ergometry) activities as a means of evaluating creatine's efficacy, therefore minimizing any possible adverse effects of increased body mass associated with CR supplementation. This study aims to use both mass-supported and mass-dependent activities to assess the effectiveness of acute CR supplementation on a group of highly trained rugby players. A randomized, double-blind, crossover research design was utilized, with subjects receiving 20 g·d-1 3 5dof both CR and a glucose placebo (PL). Subjects were assessed via 10 3 6-second Wingate test and a 10 X 40-m sprint test on separate days, presupplementation and postsupplementation. A 28-d washout period separated the two treatments. No significant treatment (p > 0.05) or treatment by test interaction effects (p > 0.05) were observed for peak or minimum power output (W), peak or minimum running velocity (m·s1), or fatigue index (%). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found postsupplementation for body mass and percentage body fat. Although statistical significance was not achieved for any of the measured parameters, there were small improvements in performance that may be of benefit to rugby players.


ABSTRACT The one-dimensional motion of electrons in O-type travelling-wave devices is described in terms of wave mechanics. For the case of large-signal interaction it is found that in the final stage of the interaction the electrons travel along tit discrete energy levels involving Planck's constant. By making use of the Pauli exclusion principle, the saturation power and electronic efficiency of the large-signal travelling-wave tube are obtained.


E2014:049, Increasing levels of Greenhouse gas emissions causing global warming and climate changes are major challenges in today's society. One important contributor is the freight transport sector, which accounts for 20 % of all EU greenhouse gas emissions (Cefic, 2011). The automotive industry is meeting rising demands from external customers and public bodies as well as internal demands for accounting and reporting of emissions. These transports constitute an important role when it comes to minimizing environmental threats like global warming and air pollution. Especially since the amount of transports are not expected to decrease and the affects that our lifestyle have on the environment is becoming more and more apparent for everyone. This increases the need for companies to control their transports and to find ways to lower their emissions.
Due to a recent reorganisation within the Volvo Car Group, the inbound and outbound logistics have become insourced within the company group. This resulted in a need for evaluation of each transport mode and the emissions deriving from each transport. The purpose of this thesis is to create a recommendation for emission reporting of greenhouse gases, sulphur oxide, nitrogen oxide and particulate matter to endeavour sustainable transports, within the Volvo Car Group. The recommendation is developed for quantification of emissions per each transported distance. Two examples of logistic chains are evaluated with the use of default values and operator specific values, hence a comparing analysis between the methods is made. Also the existing and future legal demands concerning each mode of transport are discussed.
The research methodology is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with the carriers of different modes of transport. Subsequently, literature studies were conducted to comprehend the methodologies used for emission reporting.
The result from the interviews shows that the way of working with emission reporting varies in different companies and that some companies have well defined emission goals while others are more diffuse and visionary. The maturity level of emission reporting is closely linked to the enforcement of regulations from authorities. In the future, sea transports is the mode of transport with greatest challenges ahead, due to the Sulphur Emission Control Area (SECA) regulations coming into effect next year. In the comparison of calculating emissions based on values from Eco Transit, NTM and operator specific values, the result indicates that values from Eco Transit produce higher emission values compared to the values deriving from NTM and the transport operators.
The generated recommendation for Volvo Cars suggests that emission reporting should be based on operator specific values in sea transports and default values in road, rail and air transports. The recommendation is to implement a strategy for improving the accuracy level from operator specific values on a yearly basis. For reporting greenhouse gases the recommendation is to use the CEN standard. For SOx, NOx and PM the recommendation is to use NTM emission factors.
Legal demands will be the best way to decrease the amount of emissions from the transport sector, since it is competition neutral, and enforces organisations to step up without risking losing customers.


Abstract : Starting with basic physical and beam-target-geometry concepts, a generalized laser radar range equation is derived which holds for a target at any range in the far field. For completeness, the reflective properties of a target, its cross section, and the one-way atmospheric transmission loss are examined. The relationships derived in this report are general in that they are valid at any (e.g., microwave) wavelengths.


In chapter three of his book The Idea of the Holy, Rudolph Otto invites the reader 'to direct his mind to a moment of deeply-felt religious experience, as little as possible qualified by other forms of consciousness.' He then warns that 'whoever cannot do this, whoever knows no such moments in his experience, is requested to read no further' (Otto 1950, 8). Otto does not blame such a reader for their shortcomings but notes that whatever attempt they make to explain '"Religion" as a function of the gregarious instinct and social standards, or as something more primitive still' will be rejected by 'the religious man' (Otto 1950, 8). For Otto, the experience of the numinous was the essential core of religion and whoever had not experienced that core was ill equipped to ever fully understand religion. What Rudolph Otto called the numinous, Robert Orsi calls 'real presence.' In History and Presence, Orsi declares that 'the study of religion is or ought to be the study of what human beings do to, for, and against the gods really present' (4). But instead of doing this, he argues, 'modern theories of religion' have submerged the gods in a 'theoretical underworld, while on the surface the gods were reborn as symbols, signs, metaphors, functions, and abstractions' (4). Like Otto, Orsi warns the skeptical. 'Those readers who do not take the gods to be present in the old sense either in their personal religious practice or in their understanding of "religion" are likely to judge as disempowered, at best, if not pathetic' the devout who rely on the 'really real presence of the gods' (42–43). Orsi and Otto agree that we must not explain away the gods. Of course, the gods have survived in the century between Otto and Orsi. Orsi's book is an extended and beautifully written examination of the 'real presence' he finds at the root of all religion, but especially American Catholicism. Orsi begins by arguing that presence has posed a political challenge in the history of the West. He finds in the political tumult of the Reformation and the Wars of Religion a battle over the meaning of presence in the Eucharist. The Catholic belief in the presence of Jesus' actual body and blood in the Eucharist challenged the modern and Protestant understanding of religion as absence and symbol. For Orsi, the split between absence/presence is the defining feature of Western modernity.


Background: New York City (NYC) was an epicenter in 2009 of a novel SOIV illness outbreak in the US. Due to barriers to early care and prevalence of health risks, severity among urban inner-city minority patients is greater. Disparities of severity and outcomes have been described based on age and co-morbidity. We report the 2009 SOIV illness characteristics and comparison between young and older urban minority New Yorkers during the 2009 pandemic. Methods: A retrospective study of SOIV-illness among inner-city minority New Yorkers hospitalized in a city-hospital setting at South Bronx was conducted. Two hundred and ninety eight individuals had a positive screening rapid influenza antigen diagnostic (RIDT) test. Among them, 40 adults (> 18 years age) and 40 children were hospitalized with SOIV illness. Results: All study patients were urban New Yorkers of Hispanic (75%) or African American background (25%). Fourteen tested RIDT +, 5 had polymerase chain reaction (PCR) + and 61 had both positive. Adults SOIV illness were mostly young (median age 44.5 years), but among children there was no age predilection. Frequent co-morbidities (75% in adults & 47.5% in children) such as chronic airway disease, diabetes and obesity were noted. Adults requiring intensive care (37.5%) had higher prevalence of diabetes, were severely ill on admission ( median SOFA & APACHE-II scores 13 & 31 respectively), had greater length of stay (median 6 days) and significant mortality (26.6 %). Only adults had organ dysfunction (42.5%). About 10% of adults died who mostly were young and obese. Compared to adults, children had less severe SOIV illness not associated with death, intensive care admission or organ dysfunction. Conclusion: This is the first detailed study of hospitalized pediatric and adult New Yorkers highlighting age-related health disparities due to 2009 SOIV illness among urban inner-city ethnic minority. In order to provide early and effective care to SOIV-infected inner-city patients and optimize outcomes, health-care providers should be aware of clinical risks and differences in disease characteristics within this population.


For main defects of traditional subjective weighing and objective weighing method in the process of multi-objective and multiple attribute decision,a new weight way combined subjective and objective weighting method was proposed. Subjective weigh method has advantages of considering three different attitudes( pessimistic,neutral,optimistic)of the policy makers. Objective weighting method was based on the CRITIC method and the Entropy value method,which fully considered the discrete,correlation and contrast intensity of the data. Finally,linear group legal and multiplication operator were used to combine subjective and objective weighting method. The feasibility and practicability of the proposed method was proved by the experiment of assessment on the anti-interference ability of the communication equipment.


A mathematical model is presented for correlating supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) in aqueous stationary phases with supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) in aqueous matrixes. A solar coaxia...


A carbon nanotube/Fe3O4 thin film-based wireless passive gas sensor with better performance is proposed. The sensitive test mechanism of LC (Inductance and capacitance resonant) wireless sensors is analyzed and the reason for choosing Fe3O4 as a gas sensing material is explained. The design and fabrication process of the sensor and the testing method are introduced. Experimental results reveal that the proposed carbon nanotube (CNT)/Fe3O4 based sensor performs well on sensing ammonia (NH3) at room temperature. The sensor exhibits not only an excellent response, good selectivity, and fast response and recovery times at room temperature, but is also characterized by good repeatability and low cost. The results for the wireless gas sensor's performance for different NH3 gas concentrations are presented. The developed device is promising for the establishment of wireless gas sensors in harsh environments.


Correa administration has favored expanding the oil frontier over indigenous protection and rights outlined in the Constitution. Though the book does not necessarily advance novel theoretical claims, it offers a wideranging critique of oil development in Ecuador. Employing gripping prose accessible to advanced undergraduates, as well as to graduate students and scholars, the book offers an overview of Correa's Ecuador and oil extraction for those new to Ecuadorian politics. Despite the opening vignette in the introductory chapter, I was left desiring more ethnographic evidence and discussion of methods and methodologies, including greater reliance on participant observation and interviews. However, analysis of the Y-ITT project and massacres of Waorani and Taromenane also contributes necessary context for English-speaking audiences, deepening the authors' political-economic analysis of the Revolucíon Cuidadana. The book works to throw a wrench into the well-oiled machine of Correa's Revolución Cuidadana by uncovering its distressing and contradictory policies. The authors conclude that the Correa administration turned into a 'benevolent dictatorship, a patriarchy that protects those who depend on and support it' – where there is no space for thinking differently, and those who attempt to challenge it or pursue other modes of governance are violently punished (281). It advances political ecological arguments related to the Ecuadorian petrostate, but it also intervenes in debates about recent political-economic shifts in Latin America and calls into question claims that social investment and development are benefitting all Ecuadorians.


Results of work at C.E.A. from 1958 to 1960 are reviewed. The possibilities offered by classical dosimetry methods are discussed. The tests which led to the utilization, for fast neutron dosimetry, of resistivity variations induced in solid W by such neutrons are described. Experimental W irradiation results led to a definition of neutron efficacity which describes the relations between neutron energy and their effects on materials. Possibilities offered by detectors which make use of radiation damage and are sensitive to neutrons at kev energies were explored. In other work, the principal French reactors were classified according to their ability to produce damage in materials such as W. (J.R.D.)


e15011 Background: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) permits shorter cycle intervals and increased dose density with potential for improved therapeutic ratio. We report a phase II study to assess the feasibility of an 'accelerated' dose-dense BEP regimen in male patients (pts) with germ cell tumors. Methods: Eligible pts with intermediate- and poor-prognosis metastatic germ cell tumour according to the IGCCCG criteria entered this study. Pts consented to receive four 14-day (d) cycles of cisplatin (P) (50mg/m2, d1-2), etoposide (E) (165mg/m2, d1-3), bleomycin (B) (30,000IU, 3 doses/cycle at 4-6 d intervals) and G-CSF (PEG-filgrastin 6mg sc, d4), for a planned relative dose density of 1.5 for each drug compared to standard BEP. Results: 16 pts were recruited from 4 UK centers (2004-2008). 11 pts had intermediate and 5 had poor-prognosis disease. 14/16 pts (87.5%) completed the study treatment as per protocol. In these 14 pts the mean relative dose density achieved of P was 1.5 (range,1.3-1.6), ...


A new series of N-formylhydroxylamines 11a-i have been synthesized through a multi-step protocol starting from diethyl malonate. These compounds have been structurally characterized by IR, H NMR and HRMS. All the synthesized compounds 11a-i have been screened for antibacterial activities. All the compounds are found to exhibit potent in vitro inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus and relatively weak antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae.


Although the prognosis of children with ALL has improved markedly, approximately one-half of children continue to relapse. Clinical and biologic features of ALL have been studied at the time of diagnosis and many of these features have been shown to predict the risk of relapse, permitting tailoring of therapy based on relapse hazard. Results of studies of the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) detailed here demonstrate that high white blood cell (WBC) count at diagnosis, very young or older age within childhood, and the presence of a mediastinal mass or central nervous system leukemia predict a poor prognosis within the context of certain therapies. However, not only age and WBC count, but immunophenotype of ALL as well, were especially predictive of prognosis in these POG studies. The information reviewed here has special importance for the planning of clinical trials for children with ALL.


fle findings as far north as Gotland (a Baltic island off the southeast Swedish coast) further suggest a close link to environmental change (Wedén et al. 2005). Assessment of high-resolution climatic data (Mitchell and Jones 2005) revealed spatial differences of ~0.5 ̊C between mean temperatures in Burgundy and our study site, which corresponded with temporal changes in mean temperatures observed in Europe between the early and late 20th century. An average warming trend of 0.5 ̊C per century, depending on seasonal, regional, and methodological constraints, would translate in an isothermal upward (northward) shift of ~100 miles (~110 km). Various model simulations forecast a substantially warmer 21st century (Fischer and Schär 2009), which would likely continue to alter the geographical, ecological, and physiological range of mycorrhizal fungi and their host plants. Projected environmental changes across the Mediterranean truffle foci – where future temperature and precipitation rates are expected to rapidly increase and decrease, respectively (Giorgi 2006) – will be critical for truffle species with limited dispersal capabilities, such as T melanosporum or T magnatum. Likewise, declining harvests will boost the economic value of truffles. Understanding different ecosystem responses to projected climate change (ie with opposing signals south and north of the Alps), as well as the complex interplay of biotic and abiotic factors (Figure 2), is thus of enormous scientific, economic, and gastronomic importance (Hall et al. 2003; Trappe and Claridge 2010). Our findings encourage rethinking the distribution and dynamics of European truffle populations, provide insight into the dark world of hypogeous fungi, and appear relevant to truffle cultivation efforts. Formerly time-consuming, expensive, and with little guarantee of success, truffle plantations may become more promising for T aestivum and even feasible for T melanosporum in a warmer climate north of the Alps. Ulf Büntgen, Willy Tegel, Simon Egli, Ulrich Stobbe, Ludger Sproll, and Nils C Stenseth Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape, Birmensdorf, Switzerland (email@example.com); Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Bern, Switzerland; Institute for Forest Growth, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Chair of Forest Botany, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway


The authors report a bidirectional transmission carried out with two semiconductor laser amplifiers (SLAs) used alternately as a modulator and a photodetector. Error free transmission is achieved up to 622 Mbit/s.


A novel amphipathy α-tetra-[(p-hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]]phthalocyanine zinc(Ⅱ) photosensitizer has been synthesized.It was characterized by using UV-Vis absorption spectra,IR spectra,elemental analysis and TOF-MS.The damaging effects of phthalocyanine complexe on human Bel-7402 liver cancer cell were investigated by means of HE dye method and MTT colorimetric assay under condition of photoinduce.The influences of phthalocyanine complexe,s concentration on cancer inhibition were systemic studied,IC50 numerical value was ascertained.The results show that the phthalocyanine zinc(II) is a kind of promising anticancer photosensitizer,exhibits good inhibition effects under appropriate concentration,and the inhibition mechanism was primarily discussed.


The potential performance of a tandem mirror is greatly improved by the invention of the thermal barrier. However, the ions are confined electrostatically in the axial direction and control of impurity may become a problem. Also, the proposed method of clearing the thermal barrier regions of trapped ions requires copper coils close to the plasma and is not attractive for future reactors. In this note, a scheme is proposed to eliminate both problems.


In her 2007 paper, "Argument Has No Function" Jean Goodwin takes exception with what she calls the "explicit function claims", arguing that not only are function-based accounts of argumentation insufficiently motivated, but they fail to ground claims to normativity. In this paper I stake out the beginnings of a functionalist answer to Goodwin.


Maps are representations of the world. They offer summaries or simplifica-tions of data that are collected, attempt to reveal unknowns, to simplify and communicate complex spatial phenomena. Numerous decisions are made in the process of creating a map. Seemingly inconsequential variations of cartographic design decisions offer many ways to illustrate this process. We use an open dataset related to the United Nations Gender Inequality Index to demonstrate design decision points and their output. As governments are increasingly making data open to the public, and map-making tools and software are now more accessible online, these considerations are important both for those making and reading maps online.


A large number of interest groups attempt to influence the income maintenance policies of government in the field of social welfare. Many of these have emerged within the last 25 years and constitute the 'new poverty lobby'. The purpose of this article is to explain the origins of the poverty lobby in general, and the new poverty lobby in particular. Various theoretical explanations of group origins are evaluated against data from a survey of more than 40 such groups, MPs and civil servants and none of these explanations is found to be wholly adequate. An alternative explanation is provided which sees groups arising as a result of environmental factors, group resources and lobbying strategies. This theoretical analysis also explains why groups in the new poverty lobby adopted similar organizational structures and strategies.


The utilization of condensate water as a compressor-discharge cooler results in subcooling on the condenser outlet. On the other hand, a split-type air conditioner (A/C) with R32 as working fluid can provide higher compressor-discharge temperatures than other refrigerants used in the same A/C. Therefore, A/C working with R32, equipped with a heat exchanger by utilizing waste-condensate water as the compressor-discharge cooler, has promising potential to produce the largest subcooling effect in air-conditioning systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of condensate water as the compressor-discharge cooler on the performance of an A/C using R32 as the working fluid with different sizes of heat exchanger. The experimental study was carried out on the A/C with a compressor capacity of 1.1 kW, using three different heat-exchanger lengths, i.e., 18, 20 and 22 cm. The results indicated that longer heat exchangers produced higher degrees of subcooling; the heat exchangers with lengths of 18, 20 and 22 cm produced average degrees of subcooling of 0.9, 1.5 and 4.5 K, respectively. Therefore, increments in the degree of subcooling generate improvements in cooling capacity, lowering the compressor-input power, and enhance the COP of the A/C. The average COP improvement of the A/C with heat-exchanger lengths of 18, 20 and 22 cm were 9.1, 14.4 and 27.3%, respectively.


The article examines the socio-economic concept of the development and implementation of inclusive tourism in the regional system of Ukraine. The reasons and factors that contributed to the emergence of a new interdisciplinary direction as inclusive tourism are determined. Attention is focused on the main functional features of inclusive tourism, factors of limitation or influence on the organization of inclusive tourism, taking into account the peculiarities of economic development in each region and the prospects for economic growth of the region in the process of introducing inclusive tourism. The toolkit for the socio-economic development of regions is assessed and an algorithm for the socio-economic regulation of the development of inclusive tourism in the regions of Ukraine is proposed. The analysis of natural resource and tourist and recreational components for each administrative-territorial region was carried out, on the basis of the indicators of which a schematic map of the potential for the development of inclusive tourism in the regions of Ukraine was built. It was found that in order to introduce a new direction, which is inclusive tourism, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors that can both positively influence the development of inclusive tourism in the region and pose a certain economic threat. The article emphasizes the importance of the development of inclusive tourism within the framework of socio-economic relations at the regional level, which, on the one hand, speaks of a unified model of its implementation, on the other hand, of an individual approach to this project, from the point of view of the resource and infrastructural features of each individual region оf Ukraine. The combination of scientific and practical approaches and methods made it possible to develop a socio-economic concept of regional development of inclusive tourism, using a systematic approach and scenario analysis of possible ways to develop inclusive tourism in the regions, using general and special principles, tools and stages of research into the development of inclusive tourism in the context of functioning socio-economic system of the region.