Background: Quality of life (QOL) for patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is affected by Factors such as psychosocial, demographic factors and patients' related characteristics. Aim: This study aimed to assess quality of life for patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. Subjects and Method: A descriptive research design was utilized. Convenient sample of CABG patients (100) at outpatient clinics at both universal health insurance hospitals (Al-Salam and Al-Nasr) and private hospital (Ataa) at Port Said City. Tools: Tool I: It included three parts, part 1: Sociodemographic characteristics, part 2: Medical and surgical history, part 3: Short form survey 36 questions (SF-36) to assess quality of life. Results: This study showed that 74% of the patients had poor quality of life. Conclusion: It can conclude that about three-quarter of the studied patients had poor QOL, most affected domains are general health domain followed by social functioning domain then physical functioning domain and vitality. There was statistically significant relation between patients' QOL and their sex, educational level, work, marital status, income, floor number and presence of elevator. Also, there was statistically significant relation between patients' QOL and presence of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, first time surgery and body mass index. Recommendation: The study recommended the event of cardiac rehabilitation program for patients.


This paper is one of the study that designs a new type multifunction dicone stirring mixer,which is base on the theory of the fine material mixing.The experiment of the mixing and making grain testify that it is in possession of the function of the fine smash and mixing and the better fruit of the wet-process making grain.It does a succeeding try with carry out a tractor serves several purposes and worked efficiency.


The velocity dependence of the total collision cross section for the systems Li–Hg, Na–Hg, K–Hg, Rb–Hg, Cs–Hg, and Na–Cs has been measured for energies between several electron volts and several hundred electron volts. Due to the high angular resolution of the apparatus it was possible to resolve in all cases the glory undulations, which are analyzed in order to determine potential parameters. The influence of the finite angular resolution of the apparatus on the observed glory structure is discussed.


This review paper describes recent developments in both the fundamental and technological aspects of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Most previous studies in this field have dealt with fundamental aspects, whereas in recent years, the technology of these devices has become the object of significant interest. This is mainly due to the fact that a probable application of DMFCs in portable power sources and in hybrid electrical vehicles has only recently been envisaged. The section on fundamentals is particularly focused on the electrocatalysis of the methanol oxidation reaction and oxygen electroreduction. In this regard, particular relevance is given to the interpretation of the promoting effect on Pt of additional elements and some aspects of the electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction in the presence of methanol crossover have been treated. The technology section deals with the development of both components and devices. Particular emphasis is given to the development of high surface area electrocatalysts and alternative electrolyte membranes to Nafion, also the fabrication methodologies for the M&E assembly have been discussed. The last part of the paper describes the recent efforts in developing DMFC stacks for both portable and electro-traction applications. The current status of the technology in this field is presented and some important technical and economical challenges are been discussed.


A fundamental role of financial markets is to gather information on firms' investment opportunities, and so help guide investment decisions in the real sector. We argue in this paper that firms' overinvestment is sometimes necessary to induce speculators in financial markets to produce information. If firms always cancel planned investments following poor stock market response, the value of their shares will become insensitive to information on investment opportunities, so that speculators will be deterred from producing information. We discuss several commitment devices firms can use to facilitate information production. We show that the mechanism studied in the paper amplifies shocks to fundamentals across stages of the business cycle.


Background. Falls as geriatric syndrome in elderly age are associated with high health risks, including serious injury, prolonged hospital stays, and medical and follow-up costs. The prevalence of falls in comorbid elderly patients without hypertension remains uncertain.
Aim. To study the incidence of falls in the comorbid elderly with or without hypertension.
Materials and methods. The study included 5240 outpatients aged 60 and over with three or more chronic diseases treated at Moscow polyclinics with verified diagnoses according to medical records in 20152018. The exclusion criteria were acute illness, exacerbation of chronic diseases, disease decompensation, severe sensory impairment and dementia. Student's t-criterion was used to compare quantitative variables between groups and Fisher's exact test was used to compare binary variables.
Results. The age of study participants was 71.0 0.1 years, 72.4% women. The vast majority of patients (99.3%, n=5202) has been diagnosed with arterial hypertension or essential hypertension, and 0.7% of patients (n=38) had no such diagnoses. The incidence of falls in hypertensive patients was 16.4% (n=857), while 42.1% (n=16) of patients without hypertension reported falls (p=0.00018; odds ratio 3.69; 95% confidence interval 1.807.38).
Conclusion. The paradox of the greater frequency of falls in the group of elderly patients who experienced no blood pressure elevation episodes compared with hypertensive patients has not been fully understood yet and can indicate that the risk of falls in patients who experienced no blood pressure elevation is higher; however, further research is required.


The paper focuses on collaborative practices applied in new product development (NPD) in Russian firms. Interfirm collaboration is considered as a crucial factor of NPD success in the context of a transitional economy. The research questions are linked to analysis of Russian firms' openness in interaction with external partners in relation to product innovation; whether these patterns are related to the type of product innovation; and to what extent these patterns reflect the strategic orientation of the firm. The empirical basis of the paper is a cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 223 Russian firms. The results indicate differences in interfirm collaboration in regard to the firm's NPD strategy, the type of product innovation, and the strategic aims of the firm.


OBJECTIVE To synthesize the Cu (Ⅱ) complex with 5-ethyl-2-amino-l,3,4-thiadiazole (eatz) and study its structure and characters. METHODS The experment contents were carried forward by X-ray diffractometer and elemental analyzer and thermal analysis technique. RESULTS The space structure and characters of the complex were established. CONCLUSIONS This study will provide valuable information for studying the properties of such complexes.


Why did the Icelanders write so much more than almost everybody else in the Middle Ages? This is an old problem that has still not been solved to everyone's satisfaction. The present author has put forward an idea about what may have lain behind the phenomenon, and the purpose of the current paper is to test how this theory works for a specific district in Iceland and the sagas that originated there. The district in question is Borgarfjörður, the location of the "Sagas and Societies" conference.


We report two cases of newborns with critical pulmonary stenosis having intact ventricular septum, who underwent pulmonary valve balloon valvuloplasty followed by banding of a patent ductus arteriosus. Transcatheter pulmonary valvuloplasty was performed one week after delivery. Following the procedure, both developed "circular shunting" as a consequence of left-to-right ductal flow and pulmonary regurgitation. This in turn caused increased blood flow into a dysfunctional right ventricle and low systemic cardiac output syndrome. The PDA banding was performed urgently as a rescue measure in order to restore systemic flow while still maintaining some duct-dependent pulmonary blood flow. This approach resolved the circular shunting. Outcome was favorable in both the patients.


The purpose of the article is to present a literary translation into English of P. Khuzangay's poem «A Poet» and to make a comprehensive analysis of it. The object of the study is the text of P. Khuzangay's poem «A Poet» and the literary translation of S. N. Vasilyeva «A Poet». The novelty of the work lies in the fact that a literary translation and a comprehensive analysis of this poem were carried out for the first time. Based on the methods of analytical reading, theoretical analysis of literature, search, contextual analysis, comparative analysis, the language of the work (morphology, syntax, vocabulary, style) is considered and the relationship between the ideological and artistic conception of the poem with its linguistic features is revealed. The methods used in the process of literary translation made it possible to preserve the idea of the poem, the features of the composition and to select the appropriate means of artistic expression. In the work of P. Khuzangay, the philosophical problem of the poet's destiny and his work is touched upon. The composition of the poem is three-part, the size is a three-foot trochee with cross-rhyming throughout the entire poem, the intonation is narrative. The translation was made using the technique of rhetorical exclamation. The temporal organization is interesting: throughout the poem, verbs are transmitted in the present tense. The translation is dominated by complex sentences. As a rule, a stanza corresponds to one sentence. Alliteration and assonance are used to enhance sound expressiveness and achieve speech imagery.


The article is devoted to 2 physicians the clergyman Luka, the doctor, the professor, who was rewarded the Stalin prize Valentin Felicsovich Voino-Yasenetsky, also the commander of military hospital 15/15 Nadezhda Alecseevna Branzevskaya.


Background: Incivility is disruptive behavior that can cause physiological or psychological distress to those involved and can escalate into a potentially dangerous situation such as serious suicidal tendency and engage in self-injury if left untreated. Incivility can be caused by a variety of factors, one of which is stress; however, stress can also be a cause of incivility. Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between incivility and stress among final-year nursing students. Methods: This study employed a quantitative research method using a correlation approach. The study used a simple random sampling. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman rank test. The instruments used in this study were the INE-R/Incivility in Nursing Education-Revision (Cronbach Alpha 0.881-0.876) and the PSS/Perceived Stress Scale (Cronbach Alpha 0.684). This study recruited 200 students, the majority of whom were female (87.5%). Result: This study revealed students' perceived levels of incivility (Mean 20.93, SD 6.67); perceived frequency of incivility (Mean 18.01, SD 5.18); and perceived stress (Mean 22.01, SD 4.01). Additionally, this study discovered significant relationships between students' perceived levels of incivility and stress (p value 0.010, r 0.283) as well as their perceived frequency of incivility and stress (p value 0.001, r 0.269). Conclusion: Incivility has been associated with stress levels in nursing students. It is critical for nursing education to foster a positive learning environment. This study provides evidence for a correlation between incivility and stress in nursing students who transitioned from blended to fully online learning due to the Covid-19 pandemic.


In the world, the application of mobile health (ehealth) in improving population health is increasingly popular. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions using mobile messages to improve knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents in dental health care for 3-year-old children at four preschools in Phu Ly City, Ha Nam province. A randomised controlled trial of a community intervention was enrolled (208 parents for intervention group, for control group 222). The intervention group was received text message about during 12 months. Knowledge, attitude and practice about oral care for children were surveyed by structured questionnaires at three study time points: pre-intervention. The Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) regression model for repeat measurement was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on parental knowledge-attitudes-practice. Research results show that intervention parents are 1.72 times more likely to have knowledge than parents in the control group (OR=1,72, 95%CI=1,25-2,38), intervention parents are likely to have a high positive attitude 1.56 times more than parents in the control group (OR=1,56, 95%CI=1,08-2,27), intervention parents are 1.51 times more likely to achieve practice than parents without intervention (OR=1,51, 95%CI=1,12-2,03). These results show the feasibility and acceptability of implementing these interventions to the population to prevent early tooth decay in children. Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, practice, text message, children


2428 for 45 th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, M arch 17-21, 2014 AUTOMATED CORE SAMPLE ANALYSIS BY THE MARS MICROBEA M RAMAN SPECTROMETER (MMRS) ON-BOARD THE Zoë ROVER IN ATACAMA: A TERREST RIAL TEST FOR MARS EXPLORATION Jie Wei , Alian Wang, James L. Lambert , David Wettergreen , Nathalie A. Cabrol , Kimberley Warren-Rhodes 4 and the LITA team, Dept of Earth and Planetary Sciences and McDonnell C nter for Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. L ouis, MO, 63130, USA, ( email@example.com ) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, CA, 91109, 3 The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh PA 15213, 4 SETI Institute Carl Sagan Center, NASA Ames Resear ch Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 Introduction: Raman scattering probes the fundamental vibrations of molecules that produces finger print spectral patterns with sharp no-overlapping peaks. Raman spectra can be acquired from the sample, as is, i.e., it is non-invasive, non-destructive and fast. Using a focused laser beam for excitation, n situ Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) is a powerful technique for the detection and characterization, at fi nescale, of the major, minor and trace species in a m ixture (rocks and soils), and is suitable for landed surface explorations on planets. The Mars Microbeam Raman Spectrometer (MMRS), a LRS for flight, has been developed as a science payload instrument for landed Mars missions by a science team at Washington University in St. L ouis, and an engineering team at Jet Propulsion Labor atory.[1] Further developments since then have augmented its science capability and Technical Readiness Levels. A new version of MMRS, Compact Integrated Raman Spectrometer (CIRS), is now ready for flight. MMRS in the Atacama: The Atacama Desert is one of the driest desert on Earth [2], and an excellent analog site for Mars. Since 2012, the MMRS team has joined the NASA ASTEP Life in the Atacama (LITA) project. LITA has aimed at investigating the region al distribution of life and habitats in the Atacama De sert and also at promoting technology advances for remot exploration in terrestrial extreme environments and future Mars missions [3]. During the 2013 field sea on, MMRS was installed on the Zoë rover (Carnegie Mellon University). The field exploration lasted fo r two weeks. Zoë traveled 50 km, and was remotely directed by a science team from U.S., and locally ope rated by an engineering team at Atacama.[13] The Zoë Rover, MMRS, and BUF: One of the features of the 2013 LITA field campaign was the auton omous MMRS analysis of core samples. Core samples were obtained at 10, 30 and 80 cm depths, and deliv ered into the sample cups (10x10x10 mm ) on a carousel that delivered the sample under the MMRS probe head (figure 1). MMRS collected Raman spectra from a sampling spot excited by a focused 532nm beam. A stepper motor within the probe moves the optical bench linearly over the sample surface in a range o f 10 mm, from which Raman spectra of 20-100 spots were collected without using autofocus. Core samples were obtained at four locales (#8,#11) on a playa. A pit was dug near each drilling hole and more samples were collected and manually put into cups for ground-truth. Additional pit samples were collected at Locale 2B, 5 and 6B, about 20 km to th e west of the playa. Raman spectra were acquired by MMRS autonomously for both the core samples and the pit samples. Figure 1. MMRS and core sample delivery system on Zoë rover. (1) MMRS main box; (2) MMRS probe head; (3) Carousal; and (4) Drill head. A BUF camera using white and UV LEDs for illumination was installed on the same carousel next to the MMRS, to obtain th e context image of the sample surface examined by MMRS. The wavelength (370 nm) of the UV LEDs was selected to obtain bio-related UV fluorescence (BUF) images. The same set of field samples were taken to the WUSTL laboratory and Raman spectra were acquired with a laboratory Raman spectrometer (Kaiser Hololab 5000, 532 nm). MMRS calibration, validation, and field robustness: MMRS spectrometer wavelength calibration was made using a Ne lamp before during and after the fi eld campaign. In addition, reference Raman spectra of naphthalene and diamond were taken frequently durin g the field campaign for laser wavelength calibration , and for the evaluation of MMRS' general performance , such as sensitivity, noise level and spectral resol ution. Any changes, especially the optical alignment of MMRS affected by mechanical, optical or electronic fluctuations during the transverse of the rover, wo uld be reflected in the reference spectra. Despite Zoë rover's 50 km transverse on a rough terrain and a wide diurnal temperature cycle, from -6 to 27 C, during the field campaign, the MMRS did not show noticeable performance change. On the other hand, we did notic e the laser wavelength shifts, as a result of lacking adequate temperature control in the current laser unit within MMRS probe. This issue has been corrected for 2014 field season. Minerals identifications: Multi-point Raman spectra were obtained for 31 core and pit samples. The spec tral


The utility model relates to a take power generation facility's gas -cooker, the device comprises thermoelectric generation piece, inboard high temperature end cavity device, outside low temperature end cavity device, boost module, battery and output lead. Through setting up supporting inboard high temperature end cavity device and outside low temperature end cavity device on the kitchen body, installation round thermoelectric generation piece between inside and outside cavity device, the gas -cooker is absorbed to the waste heat of radiation all around through interior side device in thermoelectric generation piece hot junction, and the cold junction passes through outside device heat dissipation, and cold and hot end relief becomes the difference in temperature and carries out thermoelectric generation, and produced electricity can have been realized thermal make full use of for with the electrical apparatus power supply or save in the battery through boost module.


Water is a basic human need, yet millions of people around the world do not have enough access to clean water. There are many claims on the world's water supply, from agriculture and industry to drinking water, municipal uses and tourism. It is a global issue, and everyone must share what is available. However, in some places, water is exceptionally scarce and people are extracting it faster than it can be replenished. Sixty-three percent of the world's population that has no access to clean water lives in Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. By 2025 most of the Middle East countries are expected to experience water stress or scarcity. Jordan represents a typically water constrained economy that is daily confronted with decisions on its water use. With a fast growing population and an expanding agricultural sector, the demand for alternatives of fresh water resources remains imminent. An important strategy for the Jordanian government is to meet the water demand for agricultural sector by producing more treated wastewater. Treated wastewater generated in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is an important component of Jordan's water resources. In Jordan there are 23 wastewater treatment plants treating approx. 100 million m3/year of wastewater in different type of treatment systems. The systems are divided into trickling filters, activated sludge and waste stabilization ponds. Most of the WWTP are small, except for the plant as As-Samra, which treats more than 80% of this quantity. The new As-Samra WWTP is using the activated sludge process with nutrient removal and chlorine for disinfection. In this study, characteristics of wastewater for WWTP As-Samra were determined. Characterization of wastewater was evaluated in terms of measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), for the influent and effluent from the plants. The performance of the wastewater treatment plants was evaluated and the quality of the reclaimed wastewater was compared with Jordanian Standards to determine its suitability for reuse.


Turbine Blades DTU Orbit (19/08/2019) Uncovering the Fatigue Degradation Mechanisms in Composite Materials Used in Wind Turbine Blades Being able to observe and understand fatigue damage in the load carrying laminates of wind turbine blade plays an important role designing longer and lighter turbine blades and thereby making it possible to increase the size of wind turbines or to upgrade existing turbines for lower wind classes'. Thereby it will be possible to lower the cost of energy for wind energy based electricity. In the presented study, the governing fatigue failure mechanism is uncovered in a typical non-crimp quasi-unidirectional glass fiber fabric reinforced polymer matrix composites used in conventional wind turbine blades. The study utilize two non-destructive experimental techniques (in-situ trans-illuminated white light imagining and ex-situ 3D x-ray tomography) used to uncover the interaction between the fatigue damage initiation in the backing bundles and the fatigue failure in the load carrying fibers. The study show that both tension/tension and tension/compression fatigue damage of the investigated composites is govern by the architecture of the backing bundles leading to a fatigue damage very different from the compression/compression fatigue damage mechanism. For the tension/tension fatigue, a modified cure profile of an epoxy-based composite is used in order to delay those failure mechanisms and thereby raising the fatigue resistance of the composites.


The article dwells on tactical peculiarities of preparing and conducting search in investigation of counterfeiting, producing and selling of counterfeited documents, state awards, stamps, seals and blanks.


A series of stable quadrupolar bis(p-aminophenyl)-carbo-benzenes, featuring both donor-donor-donor π-frustration and central macro-aromaticity, is described and compared to the acyclic dibutatrienylacetylene (DBA) reference series.


The implant (5) comprises a fitting hole formed with a tapered portion (14) of the implant (10) having a conical fitting shaft portion (22) of the base (20). Pressure means is formed integrally from the fitting hole portion (14) and the fitting shaft portion (22) (60) and to prevent the base (20) for preventing the rotation mechanism of the implant (10) (70) .


This paper presents an approach for effectively implementing adaptive FIR-IFIR filters using the LMS algorithm. The motivation of such an approach is to use IFIR filters with removed boundary effect aiming to eliminate the loss of performance arisen from the FIR-IFIR combination for echo cancellation applications. Thereby, an algorithm with a better trade-off between performance and computational complexity is obtained as compared with other FIR-IFIR approaches. Numerical simulation results are presented attesting the effectiveness of the obtained algorithm.


Objective:To explore the role of vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts derived from tumors in the tumor angiogenesis in solid tumors.Methods:Immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR were respectively used to detect the expression of MMP-9,TGF-β1,TN, bcl-2,PCNA,and tolomerase activity of ECV304-SKOV3 cells and L929-H22 cells,which were established as the cell models for vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts derived from tumors in our laboratory before. Results:Telomerase activity level of ECV304-SKOV3 cells was higher than that of ECV304 cells (0.778±0.011 vs 0.692±0.014,P0.001),so was L929-H22 cells and L929 cells (0.875±0.026 vs 0.684±0.012,P0.001).ECV304-SKOV3 cells expressed MMP-9,bcl-2,and PCNA stronger(P0.05),while L929-H22 cells expressed them all stronger(P0. 01).Conclusion:The results suggest that vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts derived from tumors survive longer and express angiogenic factors stronger,which may promote Angiogenesis in tumors.


This paper analyses the present situation of bank slump and existing problems, discusses on the structures and features of three kinds of bank protectors of scour protector, storm protector and biological protector, and puts forward some practicable engineering schemes for the treatment of the bank areas.


The partial molal volumes of n-alkanes and n-alkanols dissolved in benzene, ethanol, or cyclohexane are given with satisfactory accuracy by the equation previously developed for solutions in carbon tetrachloride, if certain parameters (the covolume, the volume increment for the hydroxyl group, and the volume decrement for some gauche interactions) are changed. Additionally, it is necessary to postulate a greater coiling of the alkyl chains when dissolved in cyclohexane.


In the course of the experimental work on psittacosis by Armstrong and McCoy initiated at the Hygienic Laboratory early in the recent outbreak of that disease, tissues from 14 parrots and parrakeets used in that work were submitted to the writer for examination. The experimental work resulted in a laboratory outbreak of the disease. Tbis, in itself, is important evidence that the virus (sensu lkto) of psittacosis was being worked with. In three parrots of this group there were encountered focal lesions and minute intracellular coccoid and bacilliform inclusions. The lesions were paralleled by some of those seen in material from the first human case of our laboratory outbreak, and precisely similar inclusions were seen in the lungs of that case. This autopsy is being reported elsewhere by Lieutenant Commander Wildman, Medical Corps, United States Navy, to whom the writer is indebted for the material referred to.


The improvement of positioning accuracy for BeiDou Navigation Satellite System is studied. In order to enhance the reliability,real- time and anti- interference of BDS,aiming at to solve the problem of poor navigation signal intervisibility,frequent lock- lose and low data updating rate in Beidou system,the aircraft tightly coupled BDS /SINS integrated navigation system is presented. The error models of BDS and SINS are analyzed,the state and measurement equation based on the pseudo- range and pseudo- range rate is built. The simulation results show that the tightly coupled integrated navigation system has a higher accuracy and reliability,and meets the demand of the aircraft navigation when the number of available navigation satellites is less than four. It makes up for the disadvantage of BDS.


Nowadays the dynamics of markets, technology advances, and companies' competition have brought changes in metal processing. Recent technical improvements of additive manufacturing (AM) have shifted the application of these processes from prototyping to the production of end-use parts either as customised or series. The extended geometric flexibility, coupled with the reduced time of production and the improved efficiency in resources utilization inherent of Selective laser melting (SLM) are the characteristics sought by aircraft industry in order to develop and progress. This thesis aims to contribute to the study and analysis of a new strategy of production Selective Laser Melting in the manufacture of metallic components for aeronautical use. Specifically the mechanical characterization of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V is performed. For this purpose several samples and specimens were manufactured in the SLM equipment of CDRSP (Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development) and the mechanical tests were carried out at the Instituto Superior Técnico (IST). SLM is an additive manufacturing technique through which components are built by selectively melting powder layers with a focused laser beam. With the proper setting of the SLM process, a relative density above the required value in the aircraft industry (above 99%) is achieved. Specifically in this work, relative densities of around 99.6% were achieved. However the process is characterized by short laser-powder interaction times and localized high heat input, which leads to steep thermal gradients, rapid solidification and fast cooling resulting in a specific microstructure. In order to obtain optimal mechanical properties, heat treatments are necessary due to the original martensitic microstructure. Moreover finishing mechanical process will be required, firstly due to the need of remove the parts from the platform and secondly to decrease the surface roughness.


Static light scattering measurements reveal two levels of organization, i.e., two static correlation lengths, in poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/clay nanocomposite hydrogels prepared by polymerizing the monomer in an aqueous suspension of uniformly dispersed exfoliated clay particles. One characteristic correlation length is in the range of 200−250 nm irrespective of the preparation conditions. It is assumed to arise from a kinetically controlled rearrangement of the clay particles during the formation of the gels. The other correlation length of several tens of nanometers is in the same order of magnitude as that observed in chemically cross-linked gels and shows a similar dependence on the preparation conditions. The shear modulus of the gels rises with increasing the clay concentration and the monomer concentration. The results infer that clay particles act as multifunctional cross-links with an average effective functionality around 50. Measurements of the equilibrium swelling ratio are in agreement with ...


Nowaday:; with the help of satellite communication and TV broadcasting 98,8% of the Russian populatioin watches TV programs from Moscow. Central newspapers and magazines are published in dozens of Russian cities with photo pictures received via satellite. Also radio programmes are broadcasting to radio centers via satellite. Phone connection network was made with the most important districts o'f Far East, Siberia, Far North.


"Die pilgernde Tbrin" is one of a series of novellas in Goethe's last novel, Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre.1 It is the first novella actually external to the main action of the novel, and its plot is resolved to a greater extent than most of the other novellas. Despite this seeming closure, however, the novella remains open and ambiguous, due largely to the structure of the Wanderjahre, whose inclusion of the various novellas (some never resolved, some eventually incorporated into the Rahmengeschichte and resolved there) and other modes of discourse (namely, poems and sayings) invites, in fact, demands consideration of many possibilities of answers or solutions. No solution provided by any of the novellas, however "closed," is taken for definitive for all people at all times, but rather each shows the relative strengths and weaknesses of the various attitudes and moral positions; whereas some are preferred over others, still a certain amount of acceptance of all ways of coping is allowed. All of the episodes and novellas of the Wanderjahre invite a comparative interpretation, for the working and reworking of the same or similar issues in their various manifestations requires that the reader take into account the cumulative experience offered by these repetitions with a difference. Goethe "mirrored" one character or situation in another by either varying the material slightly or contrasting the elements sharply. Thus, Hersilie, who translates the story "Die pilgernde T6rin" and gives it to Wilhelm Meister to read, is very nearly reflected in its unnamed main character. The novella "Die pilgernde TIrin" provides a facet of truth, so to speak; it has something, or many things, to say, which alone and out of context may seem onesided and extreme, but restored to the context of the other novellas and other plots can be seen to have a validity as strong as thes others.2 As Hersilie felt inclined to present and interpret the 7Trin's story because it allowed her to explain some of her own beliefs and attitudes, so the sympathetic re der interprets both their stories, each (characters fictional and nonfictional) finding elements of the other's narratives which can serve us as a point of departure for our own worldview. None of these depictions is ultimate or flawless; the novella's heroine is most explicitly called a"fool," and Hersilie herself is self-admittedly a little too schnippisch--flighty, even crazy, and later developments in the novel (namely, in the episodes dealing with Felix's Prachtbiuchlein) show her to be highly confusedpartially unaware and partially misguided-concerning even her own very strong desires. Yet too much emphasis has been placed on the negative interpretation of these women characters, especially of the TErin, as young and foolish, not yet ready or mature enough to become one of the Entsagenden,3 still faulty in their dealings with the world. I want rather to stress the uncommon sympathy Goethe seems to have felt with even some of his "negative" characters, and to show that, even if they


In this work, we prove the existence of a positive solution to the second-order nonlinear problem $u''+f(t,u,u')=0$ with mixed boundary conditions, where $f$ is an $L^p$-Carath\'eodory function satisfying certain properties. Three boundary conditions are analyzed. The proofs of the results are based on the Mawhin's. coincidence degree.


One of the goals of aerospace applications is to reduce the cost and complexity of avionic systems. Ethernet is a highly scalable, flexible, and popular protocol. The aerospace market is large, with a forecasted production of over 50,000 turbine-powered aircraft valued at $1.7 trillion between 2012 and 2022. Boeing estimates demand for commercial aircraft by 2033 to total over 36,000 with a value of over $5 trillion. In 2014 US airlines served over 750 million passengers and this is growing over 2% yearly. Electronic fly-by-wire is now used for all airliners and high performance aircraft. Although Ethernet has been widely used for four decades, its use in aerospace applications is just beginning to become common. Ethernet is the universal solution in commercial networks because of its high bandwidths, lower cost, openness, reliability, maintainability, flexibility, and interoperability. However, when Ethernet was designed applications with time-critical, safety relevant and deterministic requirements were not given much consideration. Many aerospace applications use a variety of communication architectures that add cost and complexity. Some of them are SpaceWire, MIL-STD-1553, Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX), and Time-Triggered Ethernet (TTE). Aerospace network designers desire to decrease the number of networks to reduce cost and effort while improving scalability, flexibility, openness, maintainability, and reliability. AFDX and TTE are being considered more for critical aerospace systems because they provide redundancy, failover protection, guaranteed timing, and frame priority and are based on Ethernet IEEE 802.3. This paper explores the use of AFDX and TTE for aerospace applications.


You have to feel for Philip Zimbardo. His Stanford-based experiment into the effects of the prison setting was abandoned after six days when the students assigned as 'guards' subjected students assigned as 'prisoners' to physical and psychological abuse and many student-prisoners started to behave in pathological ways. Zimbardo has spent a considerable part of his subsequent career exploring why things went so badly wrong (Zimbardo 2007; Zimbardo et al. 1999). Yet, the study is regularly trotted out together with Milgram's (1974) and Humphreys' (1970) as one of an unholy trinity of classical cases of unethical research that occurred without the free and informed consent of research participants in the social sciences, and that are routinely deployed as justification for our current systems of research ethics review in the social sciences (Sieber & Tolich 2013). Of course, Zimbardo's prison was not a real prison and yet the mistreatment of students at Stanford University receives more prominence among social scientists than a long history of abuse of real prisoners in the name of scientific research.


In this paper, a sliding mode control scheme (SMC) for maximum power point tracking controller for a photovoltaic pumping system, is proposed. The main goal is to maximize the flow rate for a water pump, by forcing the photovoltaic system to operate in its MPP, to obtain the maximum power that a PV system can deliver.And this, through the intermediary of a sliding mode controller to track and control the MPP by overcoming the power oscillation around the operating point, which appears in most implemented MPPT techniques. The sliding mode control approach is recognized as one of the efficient and powerful tools for nonlinear systems under uncertainty conditions.The proposed controller with photovoltaic pumping system is designed and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. In addition, to evaluate its performances, a classical MPPT algorithm using perturb and observe (P&O) has been used for the same system to compare to our controller. Simulation results are shown.


Deterritorialization conceptGilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari first coined the term and concept of deterritorialization. For them, ?the term is one of the relations between thought and territorial placing, between internal and external exile, and bears relation to notions of nomad thought, hybridity and diaspora?.* 1 The notion of deterritorialization, as one of the main pillars of globalization, designates a process in which, ?social relations are separated from geographical territories where people are living in a universe as a unit place?.2 Deterritorialization as an anthropological concept determines, ?the weakened ties between culture and place: certain cultura 1/social processes and relations seem to increasingly transcend their previously given territorial boundaries in flexible capitalist societies?.3 Gil-Manuel Hernandez argues that the elements which characterize globalized modernity and lead to the resonance of deterritorialization, are migration, mediatization and commodification processes and these processes can be, ?understood as a proliferation of trans -localized cultural experiences?.4As a prominent character of globalization, deterritorialization points to a kind of weighing of anchors of social relations which is not limited to a specific border territory and shows an increase in social forms of communications and networks.5 The communicative and mediatic networks as prominent vehicles of deterritorialization, will accelerate globalization by the development of deterritorialized social relations. This framework, due to trans-border social relations, causes a considerable transformation in the status of a local enviromnent. In addition, mediatization as a catalyser of other parameters of deterritorialization such as migration, tourism and economic transformation, works as a privileged parameter, as well. According to Tomlinson, ?mediatization is absolutely omnipresent in everyday contemporary cultural experiences, it therefore appears as clearly decisive in deterritorialized cultural experience?.6Garcia Canclini defines deterritorialization as ?the loss of the ?natural? relation between culture and the social and geographic [local] territories?.7 But deterritorialization does not mean the end of locality, it can be defined as transformation into a more complex cultural space. More precisely, contemporary globalization tends to deterritorialization where social space can no longer be restricted within the framework of local cultures and territorial borders.8 In this framework, the deterritorialization process of social space mobility will go forward in line with nationalist dimensions of social identity dissolution. Moreover, the increase of transnational communications will result in identity variations, whilst from a different angle, it may bring about a deterritorialized religious and cultural solidarity.9The development of mediatization, immigration and commodification which delineates modern globalization, will cause deterritorialization and is understood as a local experience on a universal level. Deterritorialization as a prominent feature of globalization, highlights the expansion of social communication as well as cultural debates in the modern globalized world.1" The "spatial structures through which people order their knowledge of the world" is called metageography.11 In this meta-geographical globalized space where capital, individuals and money flows, various transnational networks will lead to creation of a space for non-state actors like banks, refugee groups, economic cartels and terrorist and organized crime networks. In this space, the function of power is no longer limited to territorial borders.12 An international non-state actor such as the "Islamic State of Iraq and Sham" which has emerged in the insecure and unstable territory of Iraq, where a lack of identity and ethnic solidarity persists, is categorized as one of these kind of networks.ISIS as a de-territorialized phenomenonAmong all the aforementioned features of deterritorialization, what accentuates ISIS as a de-territorialized phenomenon is the removal of individuals and objects from certain locations and space, in the context of "territorial fragmentation" and disembedding and decontextualizing identity associations and social relations in the context of "multi-national fighters". …


Based on FEM- load transfer hybric method which was proposed by the authors, base bearing characters of overlength single pile was studied using popular FEM software ABAQUS. The effects of pile length, pile diameter and soil characters on base bearing characters were studied in deal. Longer the pile is, higher the base bearing capacity is; bigger the pile diameter is, lower base bearing capacity unit area is; Young's modulus and internal friction angle have great effect on base bearing capacity, but cohesive strength have little effect on it. Moreover, how the shaft resistance affect base bearing characters was introduced. Shaft resistance increases the base bearing capacity.


Dr. Charles Dondale has worked on the ecology and taxonomy of spiders for 38 years, and is author or co-author of more than 80 scientific papers published in international journals. He retired from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada in 1990, but continues his research as an Honorary Research Associate of the Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Research Centre.


Three studies are described: diffusion of postum (Polonium 210), measurement of standard potential of postum, and polarography with the cathode controller.


Indigenous people are the members of a group of people whose ancestors have lived in the same land since the time immemorial. While there is no universally recognized definition of indigenous people, but according to the United Nations Indigenous people are inheritors and practitioners of unique culture and the ways of relating to people and environment. They consist of a non-dominant group of people that share a common pre-colonial history with a culture, language, and belief system that is separate and distinct from the dominant social group within the larger society. The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples demonstrates the general consensus of the international community of support for the rights of indigenous people. Following points are mentioned in this article such as characteristics of indigenous people and, how social workers can move towards more empowering, rights based practice that develops individual and community capacity. Social Work curriculums across the nation all devote a significant amount of time and focus to looking at skills for working with Indigenous people and communities in the context of historical, social, economic and cultural considerations, so that the social workers of tomorrow are well acquainted in issues that impact on their Indigenous clients.


The 3rd Meeting of the Working Party on Automation and Data Precessing of the International Society of Blood Transfusion, held in New York City, was attended by representatives of 12 countries from Europe, North America and the Far East. This meeting highlighted the rapid growth in automation and data processing that has taken place in blood transfusion science and services in the few short years ofthe existence ofthe Working Party. Both technologies have advanced from scattered applications towards well-integrated systems coordinating many phases of the combined efforts of regional blood centers and hospital blood banks. Attempts are being made to integrate these systems further, linking centers and hospitals on a local or area-wide basis. Agreement on the application of uniform standards throughout entire countries has only been achieved by one or two nations, but it is expected that their successes will provide a model for others to adopt this important principle. International standardization of codes and symbols have been accepted in principle and is rapidly being put into practice. Other noteworthy signs of the maturing of this field are the advanced thoughts and efforts being given to the needs for automation and data processing in integrating new procedures, such as ALT testing, into blood banking, and the recognition that small centers and hospital blood banks may require different sets of guidelines and techniques from those used by larger centers to achieve the same advantages. Recommendations for an ISBT Standing Committee to Coordinate Blood Banking Automation


Content Plotkin explains what it means for a calculus to be the calculus of a language (via a Church-Rosser and a Curry-Feys Standardization theorems) and illustrates this point with the by-value and by-name versions of ISWIM and with by-value and by-name versions of the lambda calculus. This part alone lays the foundation for "reduction semantics." In the second half of the paper, Plotkin presents a preliminary investigation of how by-value ISWIM can "express" by-name ISWIM and vice versa. Both parts leave open numerous questions and thus turn a seemingly "terminal" paper into a "seminal" paper.


This study is supported by grant CTM2012-38222-C02-02, I.G.B and S.P.O are supported by grants FPU AP2012-3556 and RYC-2014-16784, respectively, all from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness.


The objective of Design for Supply Chain (DFSC) is to design a new product and its corresponding supply chain in a simultaneous manner. Several DFSC models have been developed by previous researchers. However, companies also need to manage the risks associated with both the product design and the supply chain. Many of the previous DFSC models do not consider risk. To determine which risk factors should be included in DFSC models, a survey was developed and administered to industry experts. 29 supply chain risk factors and 21 new product development (NPD) risk factors were included in the survey. This paper shows the process that was used to develop this survey and presents its results. The survey identified a list of the top ten risk factors which includes inventory management/stock out risk, strategic exposure risk, market/demand risks, capacity risks, risk of poor supplier reliability, organizational and project management risks, commercial viability risks, marketing proficiency, supply chain and sourcing risks and financial risks.


Objective To investigate the degradation and absorption of regenerated porous silk fibroin membrane after local application on trauma and its effect on immune cells.Methods The SD rats were selected to create wound surface with an area of 2 cm × 2 cm by removing its skin of back.Then,the wound surface was covered with 125I-regenerated porous silk fibroin membrane and the epidermis was layed on the regenerated porous silk fibroin membrane.At last the wound was sutured.After operation,single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) was used for imaging at 3 h and 3,6,13,20,27,34,41,48,55 d and it stopped when the isotope signal disappeared.At the end of the imaging,the rats were killed to obtain the skin of wound surface.Inflammatory cells was analysed through HE staining of the skin and two-color immunofluorescence and flow cytometry technology were used to detect the ratio of splenic CD3 + CD25 + /CD3 + T cells.Results After transplanted porous silk fibroin membrane was kept on for 55 days the rats,the isotope signal disappeared.Little inflammatory cells were observed and there was no residual regenerated porous silk fibroin membrane on wound surface observed by HE staining of the skin.At the experimental group,the percentage of splenic CD3 + CD25 + /CD3 + T cells was(7.34 ± 1.85) % while this result was(7.18 ± 0.37) % in the control group.There existed no significant difference between the two groups(P 0.05).Conclusion Regenerated porous silk fibroin membrane can be completely degraded and absorbed within 2 months with local application on the wound and its ability of stimulating immune cells is weak.Regenerated porous silk fibroin membrane is an ideal wound repair tissue engineering materials.


Based on the analysis to the substance of modern physical education modernization,the article thinks that the different periods of physical education in modern China,its essence is the spread and integration process of foreign culture in China at different stages,the evolution are divided into;(1) the period of the Westernization Movement-simple imitation on the German school sports;(2) Late Qing to the 54 stages——purposeful introduction and imitation of Japanese School Sports system;(3) after the New Culture Movement in 1919——respected to the American pragmatism,diversity of PE thought began to grow.


^|=0.II9 AT M^oo more closely with the experiment than those of Li and Geiger. This is expected since the effect of curvature is included in the present solution, as was also pointed out by Li and Geiger. The pressure coefficient at r = a has also been computed vs. 6. The results are in good agreement with those from experiments and theory of Li and Geiger near the stagnation point.


Objective To explore the clinical value and observe the clinical efficacy of hypertonic saline for capillary bronchitis in infants by aerosol inhalation.Methods 89 infants with capillary bronchitis hospitalized into the pediatric ward of our hospital from Oct.2010 to Oct.2012 were selected and randomly divided into two groups.On the basis of general conventional treatment,the treatment group was given aerosol inhalation of 2 ml hypertonic saline(3% NaC1) and 2.5 mg salbutamol,and the control group was dealt with aerosol inhalation of 2 ml saline(0.9% NaC1) and 2.5 mg salbutamol.Aerosol inhalation was used in both groups by air compression atomizing oxygen driven pumps Q8h until hospital discharge.Compared the remission time of gasp and cough,the time of pulmonary rales disappeared and the score changes of the clinical illness severity before and after treatment.Results The remission time of gasp and cough,the time of pulmonary rales disappeared and the time of hospitalization in treatment group were (3.31 ± 1.13) days,(4.61 ± 0.72) days,(3.84 ± 1.22) days,and (5.75 ± 1.40)days,respectively,which were significantly shorter than those of the control group ([4.50 ± 0.94],[5.93 ± 1.11],[5.15 ± 1.31],[6.81 ± 1.64] days),with significant differences between the two groups (P<0.01).The scores of the clinical illness severity in treatment group after 1st,2nd,3rd,and 4th day's treatment were(5.88 ± 0.78)points,(5.01 ± 0.59)points,(4.13 ± 0.68) points,and(3.59 ± 0.70)points,respectively,which were lower than those of the control group([6.95-± 0.82],[6.36 ± 0.84],[5.57 ± 0.64],[4.45 ± 0.83] points),with significant differences between the two groups (P<0.01).No serious atomization-relative adverse reactions (acute bronchospasm,decrease in blood oxygen saturation,etc) occurred in both groups.Conclusions The efficacy of aerosol inhalation of hypertonic saline for the capillary bronchitis infants is significantly better than that of saline.What' s more,aerosol inhalation of hypertonic saline is an effective and safe treatment,which can decrease the scores of the clinical illness severity in infants,obviously shorten the time of hospitalization and have no obvious adverse reactions.

Key words:
Bronchitis;  Hypertonic saline;  Aerosol inhalation; Infants;  Cure


Abstract : On October 12, 1999 the Chief of Staff of the Army started the Army down a path of transformation toward the objective force. The Army's goal was to equip the first objective force units with the Future Combat Systems (FCS) in 2010. In 2009, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates announced a major restructuring of the FCS program that effectively killed the objective force vision. This paper analyzes the Army's experience with FCS using John Kotter's framework for assessing organizational change efforts. It identifies areas where the Army's transformation effort failed to successfully follow Kotter's pragmatic rules for change and discusses how this failure contributed to the failure of the program.


We are developing antenna‐coupled TES bolometers for CMB polarimetry that receive both linear polarizations over nearly two octaves of bandwidth. This ultra‐wide bandwidth is achieved with a novel adaptation of the sinuous antenna that integrates microstrip feed‐lines onto the arms of the antenna and uses a contacting extended hemispherical lens to focus the beam. It is challenging to achieve desirable antenna performance over such a wide band and our version of the sinuous antenna offers a unique solution. We have integrated this antenna with TES‐bolometers and report on a series of optical tests that demonstrate the antenna beams's high symmetry, cross‐polarization rejection, gain, and optical efficiency over the operating band.


The title compound, C10H12ClNO3, crystallizes with four independent molecules in the asymmetric unit which are linked by intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.


The present invention pertains to a pretreatment method for a sample for detecting an HBs antigen, which is a Hepatitis B virus surface antigen, and an HBs-antigen detection method which uses this method. In addition, the present invention pertains to a pretreatment reagent kit for detecting the HBs antigen.


A comprehensive evaluation of immune parameters while screening for inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) provides valuable information about the underlying defect. In 2019, the ICMR‐National Institute of Immunohaematology adopted a screening panel modified from the Euroflow consortium‐recommended PIDOT tube, the difference being the addition of HLA‐DR. In the present study, we evaluate the utility of HLA‐DR in our screening panel. The HLA‐DR expression on CD3 + T, its CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, natural killer (NK) and double‐negative T cells (DNT) was compared between patients and controls. HLA‐DR expression on CD3+ T cells or its subsets was significantly elevated in SCID and Omenn's phenotype (P <.001), combined immunodeficiencies (P < .05) including DOCK8 and WAS, diseases of immune dysregulation including FHL (P < .0001) and ALPS (P < .05) and CVID with complications (P < .05). An absence of HLA‐DR marker can help in identifying cases of MHC II deficiency at the time of screening including atypical cases which present without reduction in CD4+ T cell counts and reversal of CD4+/CD8+ ratio. ROC analysis revealed a cut‐off of 14.62%, 19.11% and 1.5% for percentage HLA‐DR expression on CD3+ and CD8+ T cells and HLA‐DR on CD8/HLA‐DR on CD4, respectively, for FHL. Random forest analysis identified HLA‐DR (%) on NK cells, ratio of HLA‐DR CD8+/HLA‐DR CD4+, NK cell (%), T cell (%), HLA‐DR+ CD8(%) and CD45pos NK cell (%) as important predictors for FHL. Evaluation of HLA‐DR expression during screening can provide corroborative clues to the diagnosis of underlying IEI along with other immunological abnormalities.


SERS spectra of the polyimide obtained after curing the polyamic acid against rough silver substrates were more similar to SERS spectra of the polyamic acid than to normal Raman spectra of the polyimide, indicating that curing of the polymer was inhibited by interaction with the substrate. The results led to the conclusion that the pyromellitic dianhydride moieties were adsorbed onto the silver surface edge-on with the carbonyl bonds perpendicular to the surface. Some evidence for formation of isoimide or degradation products containing C=N bonds in the interface was obtained.


Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are now widely recognized as engines of economic growth and key contributors to sustainable gross domestic product (GDP) of all countries, including those in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. International Finance Corporation's (IFC's) Financial Institutions Group (FIG) in MENA provides investment and advisory services to the region's banks and other financial institutions to build their capacity in SME banking so that they can profitably and sustainably reach out to the SME sector. IFC commissioned a study in nine countries of the MENA region, which includes Pakistan, to better understand the demand and supply for Islamic banking products (both asset and liability products and other banking services) in the SME sector. The countries chosen for this study are: (1) Iraq, (2) Pakistan, (3) Yemen, (4) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, (5) Egypt, (6) Lebanon, (7) Morocco, (8) Tunisia, and (9) Jordan. The scope of the study was to: (i) identify the countries in the MENA region facing gaps in financing and banking needs of SMEs in the Islamic products space; (ii) conduct a supply side benchmarking to review current capacity of financial institutions to offer Islamic products to this sector; (iii) conduct a demand side benchmarking to identify key SME customer needs for Islamic products and see how well they are currently being served; and (iv) review the current enabling environment and readiness levels of banks in terms of the regulatory framework and Shariah compliance. This regional executive summary provides a comparative analysis of the SME potential across these countries and the opportunities available to Islamic institutions to tap this potential. The nine individual country reports provide a deeper insight into the SME landscape and potential opportunities for Islamic banks in each country. The reports also highlight the measures that banks may need to take to successfully target the Islamic banking potential of SMEs.


Government agenda setting has been a focus of research in the field of policy sciences for over two decades. The concept of a policy window is explored as a driver of governmental agenda setting. The Regional Municipality of York, Ontario, Canada was chosen as a case study for exploring the application of strategic environmental assessment at the municipal level through a policy window lens. Problem, policy and political streams converged to provide the necessary conditions for improved environmental assessment and infrastructure planning in York Region. A focusing event and the resulting crisis motivated stakeholders to identify and act on the problem. An SEA-type approach was initiated as one key response. A variety of activities were initiated by York Region including the development of a Sustainability Strategy, synchronisation of master planning, wider consideration of alternatives at the master plan level and improved public consultation. Conclusions are drawn and several recommendations are presented and discussed.


While the prevailing wisdom in the literature supports the proposition that the early childhood center director is the "gatekeeper to quality," little is known about the type of formal and informal training center directors have had and their attitudes about the appropriateness of that training. The lack of reliable data about center directors has hampered efforts by child care advocates around the country to press for licensing standards that are reasonable and enforceable, yet also promote quality. This article provides a framework for understanding the many issues related to requisite qualifications. It synthesizes the research regarding directors' education, experience, and training and provides policy recommendations for the licensure of personnel assuming this position.


The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of overseas R&D on firm productivity. In particular, we further consider the moderating effect of internal technological capability. To provide more empirical evidence, this analysis takes advantage of a longitudinal dataset covering the 2009-2013 period and the system-GMM approach is employed in the empirical analysis to control for the problem of endogeneity. The empirical results show that overseas R&D has a significant influence on their firm productivity. Moreover, internal technological capability is found to play a significant moderating role in strengthening the influence of overseas R&D on firm productivity.


Process for the removal of arsenic and / or antimony sulphides from copper, nickel and / or gold containing ore particles. The ore particles are introduced into a reactor wherein a fluidizing gas is injected into the reactor to form a fluidized bed containing at least a portion of the ore particles. The ore particles are heated in the presence of inert particles to a temperature between 500 and 850 ° C and withdrawn from the reactor. At least 60% by weight of the inert particles form a first zone in the fluidized bed and at least 60% by weight of the ore particles form a second zone above the first zone.


This paper describes the development of a system capable to calibrate the absolute linearity of lock-in amplifiers in their 1-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> range for frequencies between 20 Hz and 1 kHz. The system is based on cascaded inductive voltage dividers that have been especially designed to maximize their input impedance and to have minimal influence on the previous stage. The cascaded topology reduces the uncertainty for very large ratios (>1000:1) and reaches measurement uncertainties below 1 nV at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10~\mu \text{V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.


Objective To understand the trends in gynecological diseases, prevention and cure of women to seize the current focus of the work to develop effective interventions to improve women's health.Methods From 2003 to 2008 consecutive six-year statistical analysis of gynecological diseases, and a summary comparison,respectively. Results The consecutive six-year statistical analysis of gynecological diseases can be seen in the declining vaginitis and other gynecological diseases, the upward trend, especially in the last two years compared with the previous incidence of cancer increased significantly. Conclusion To strengthen propaganda and education on women's health knowledge, and women's diseases census work, and to reduce the prevalence of gynecological diseases, so that our early detection and early treatment of various gynecological diseases, improve the city women's health.

Key words:
Gynecological diseases;  Investigation


Aim: The present study was designed to explore the ability of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) to repair diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver cirrhosis (DILC) in rats. Materials and methods: Sixty male rats were divided into four groups (15 rats per group), the rats of the first group received saline, and the rats of the other three groups received DEN in drinking water. After thirty days, the rats of the third and fourth groups received 1.5x106 and 2x106 MSC infusions ,respectively. Liver function tests were estimated in serum of rats in all groups. The expression of albumin (Alb) and cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) genes were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Histopathological examination of liver tissue was performed. Results: Administration of BM-MSC of both doses (1.5x106 and 2x106 cells) into rats with DILC resulted in ameliorating liver functions and histopathological features compared to that received DEN only. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of albumin gene increased, while CK-18 decreased in liver tissue of rats with DILC which received 2x106 BM-MSCs compared to DEN control group. Conclusion: BM-MSCs suppressed DEN-induced liver cirrhosis in rats as indicated by up regulation of albumin and CK-18 genes, as well as improvement of liver functions and architecture.


1. An experiment with ten dairy cows has shown that the daily feeding of 30 or 60 g. of shark-liver oil containing 80,000 i.u. of vitamin A/g. is without effect on milk yield, fat yield, the fat and solids-not-fat percentage of the milk and on the health and wellbeing of the cow. 2. The concentration of aneurin, riboflavin and vitamin C in the milk was not affected by the feeding of shark-liver oil. 3. The total carotenoids of the milk fat decreased when shark-liver oil was fed. The vitamin A content of the fat increased 1100% when 30 g. were given and 1850% when 60 g. were fed. The highest individual value reached was 390 i.u./g. fat.


To advance understanding on knowledge creation through social computing, we posed two research questions: What are the processes underlying knowledge creation online? What is the role of tacit knowledge in online communication? We note that even if the online environment is beset with apparent limitations due to physical distance, tacit knowledge is by no means absent. It enables individuals to communicate with others and to build new knowledge through interpreting and reflecting the available information. On the collective level, tacit knowledge is demonstrated as the shared language and understanding of the members, and the norms of interaction.


This work aims at modeling and simulating the drying of whole milk emulsion in spray dryers. Drops and particles compound the discrete phase, being distributed into temporal compartments following their residence time into the dryer. Air is the continuous and well mixed phase. Mass and energy balances are developed for each one phase, considering their interactions. Constitutive equations for describing the drop swelling and drying mechanisms as well as the heat and mass transfer between particles and hot air are proposed and analyzed. A set of algebraic-differential equations is obtained and solved by specific numerical codes (DASSL-code and Particle Swarming Optimization). Results from experiments performed in a pilot spray dryer are used to validate the model developed and their numerical algorithmic. Comparing the simulated and experimental data, it is shown that the model predicts well the individual drop-particle history inside the dryer as well as the overall outlet air-particle temperature and humidity.


(1 − x)Ba0.948Ca0.05Er0.002Ti0.94Zr0.06O3–(x)Pr (x = 0–0.75 mol%) ceramics are sintered at 1240 °C by conventional solid‐state reaction method using the as‐synthesized nanoparticles, which are prepared by a modified Pechini method. The structural, morphological, electrical, and thermal expansion properties as a function of varying x are systematically investigated. All samples feature rhombohedral phase, and their lattice parameters are accurately calculated by Rietveld refinement software. Volume of oxygen vacancies initially decreases and then increases with increasing x, leading to diversified electrical properties. Deteriorated electrical properties of the ceramics with excessive x are attributed to the increment of defect complexes with a large volume of oxygen vacancies. The coefficient of thermal expansion values of the ceramics that is influenced by phase evolution and structure defects under different temperature ranges are studied. The respective optimal electrical properties, that is, d33 = 186 pC N−1 and kp = 27.2% are obtained at x = 0.30 mol%. This research is believed to be insightful to practical application of the lead‐free multifunctional electron components.


MRI findings of D12 fracture were suspicious of a pathological fracture. However, biopsy did not show any evidence of tumour. This resulted in the patient following up after one and half years with an epidural mass lesion and neurological deterioration. This paper highlights some of the MRI features of fractures associated with underlying pathology over traumatic or osteoporotic fracture.


Summary. The effect of the progressive increase in salinity on photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes and the contents of proline and glycine betaine in two cotton varieties, Arya-Anubam and LRA-5166 was investigated. Plants were treated with four different salt concentrations (mixed salts: NaCl, MgSO 4 , and CaCl 2 ): 0 mM (control), 50 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM. Photosynthetic rate and activities of RuBP carboxylase and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) decreased with increasing salinity. In addition, the activities of key antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) also significantly increased. Quantitative differences in the contents of proline and glycine betaine were also noticed in the two varieties subjected to salinity. The results indicated that plants of variety AryaAnubam exhibited higher adaptive potential under salinity stress as judged by increased photosynthetic rate and activities of photosynthetic and antioxidative enzymes as well as higher accumulation of proline and glycine betaine when compared to variety LRA-5166.


MODERNIZATION rarely spares inter-personal relationships. Regardless of whether a society modernizes through an evolutionary process or just leaps into it, far-reaching changes do occur in human relationships. It is generally held that the impact of profound. socio-economic changes caused by industrialization, urbanization and the like; affect the elderly the most and quickly. In other words the relationship between the aged and the young in that society gets drastically re-defined. All western societies have more or less forced their elderly people outside the mainstream; whereas in several oriental societies they still remain well integrated. '


The invention relates to a triazine-stilbene fluorescent brightening agent compound and a fluid preparation thereof. The fluorescent brightening agent can whiten purified cotton or cotton blended fabric. Both the degree of whiteness and the fastness to washing of the compound are improved evidently compared with the single fluorescent brightening agent.


The embodiments of the invention disclose a wireless temperature measuring circuit and an LED illuminating device. The circuit comprises a chip U1, a crystal oscillation circuit, a temperature sensing circuit, a reset circuit, a display circuit, a filter circuit, a sending circuit and a receiving circuit, wherein the crystal oscillation circuit is connected with the chip U1 for providing crystal oscillation for a temperature control circuit, the temperature sensing circuit is connected with the chip U1 for obtaining the current temperature of the temperature control circuit, the reset circuit is connected with the chip U1 for resetting the chip U1, the display circuit is connected with the chip U1 for displaying the current temperature of the temperature control circuit, obtained by the temperature sensing circuit, the filter circuit is connected with the chip U1 for filtering, the sending circuit is used for emitting a temperature measuring instruction, and the receiving circuit is connected with the chip U1 for receiving the instruction emitted by the sending circuit. According to the invention, the wireless temperature measuring circuit can control the circuit through a wireless sending module to measure the temperature, displays a temperature measuring result, prevents electronic components of the circuit from being damaged due to overheat of the circuit, and is simple structure and low in cost.


Jo Batey Jo is a senior lecturer in Sport and Exercise Psychology at the University of Winchester. Jo gained a BSc (Hons) from the University of Surrey, before undertaking an MSc at Exeter University. She is currently undertaking her PhD at the University of Winchester. Jo is accredited by the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences (BASES) and has worked at both professional and amateur levels in football, rugby union, fencing, archery, hockey, swimming, diving, mountaineering, netball, tennis and rowing. She has also worked extensively with the British Armed Forces.


Abstract : This procedure is based on previously published ERDEC-TR-449, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Analysis of Chemical Agents and Reaction Masses Produced by their Chemical Neutralization, and ECBC-TR-253, NMR Method for the Quantitative Purity Analysis of Feedstock Samples. The procedure replaces the method ACT-02 1. This procedure uses an internal standard to establish an absolute weight percent for the analytes in question. Identifying the structures of other components in the mixture is not required to determine the weight percent of the analyte. The weight percent calculations are not negatively affected by the presence of undetectable components (e.g., elemental sulfur, inorganic salts, etc.) in the sample.


The question of whether intelligence can be attributed to groups or not has been raised in many scientific disciplines. In the field of computer-supported collaborative learning, this question has been examined to understand how computer-mediated environments can augment human cognition and learning on a group level. The era of social computing which represents the emergence of Web 2.0 collaborative technologies and social media has stimulated a wide discussion about collective intelligence and the global brain. This paper reviews the theory of distributed cognition in the light of these concepts in an attempt to analyze and understand the emergence process of intelligence that takes place in the context of computer-mediated collaborative and social media environments. It concludes by showing that the cognitive organization, which occurs within social interactions serves as a catalyst for intelligence to emerge on a group level. Also a process model has been developed to show the process of collaborative knowledge construction in Wikipedia that characterizes such cognitive organization.


A discrete choice experiment is an attribute based method that gives further insight into how individuals develop preferences for particular attributes. These are used in the traditional areas in health economics, transportation, and marketing and increasingly beyond these areas. These experiments enable researchers to model choice in an explicit competitive context, thus realistically emulating market decisions. A choice design consists of choice sets composed of several alternatives, each defined as combinations of different attribute levels. A good choice design is efficient, meaning that the parameters of the choice model are estimated with maximum precision. Here, an example of obtaining discrete choice sets using factorial combinations has been described.


An isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method is described for determining atmospheric SO/sub 2/. A cryogenic trapping method was used to enrich the sample to levels detectable by GC/MS. A lower limit of detection of 0.04 pmol was achieved in humid urban air. A 1.7-L sample was required to achieve a lower limit of detection of 1 pptrv (part per trillion by volume). This sample could be acquired in less than 3 min. The use of an isotopically labeled variant of SO/sub 2/ as an internal standard assured very high precision and insensitivity to analyte loss.


The present paper analyzes the characteristic of reversing valve,especially in inverter control for room air conditioner Through theoretical analysis and practical experiments,two conditions are proposed for the valve's working well On the other hand,many reasons,which would influence the reversing valve,are listed.


"Abstract: Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) are nanostructures similar to nucleic acid molecules (synthetic DNA/RNA analogs) wherein the negatively charged backbone (sugar-phosphate) present in DNA/RNA molecules is replaced by a backbone without polyamide or peptide charge. Later, it was found that PNAs containing both purine and pyrimidine bases form highly stable duplexes with DNA and RNA. Although it is not as stable as 2PNA/DNA triplexes containing a homopyrimidine strand, it is still more stable than DNA/DNA and/or DNA/RNA duplexes. The unique characteristics of PNAs add new aspects to these nanostructures relative to conventional analogs to make them appropriate for molecular biology studies. The most important applications include the use of these nanostructures in the detection and treatment of diseases caused by threatening biological agents using the antisense/antigen technology and as genetic regulator drugs. Keywords: Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs), synthetic DNA analog, genetic regulator drugs, antisense-antigen technology"


the computational fluid dynamics method is used to solve the finite volume flow equations. Different angles of attack range from -12 to +10 degrees and wind speeds of 10m/s and density of 1.225kg/m3 and constant dynamic viscosity of 1.825psi were used. The calculations showed that by increasing the angle of attack of the blade to +10 degrees Cp and Torque decreased, by decreasing angle of attack of the blade to -4 degree, Cp and Torque increased, but by more decreasing AOA of -8 to -12 degrees Cp and torque decreased.


Construction of the world's highest building is a formidable engineering challenge. Not least are the huge concrete pours and slab formwork solutions necessary.


Results of a photometric study of the SW Sex novalike PX And are presented. The periodogram analysis of the observations obtained in October 2000 reveals the presence of three signals with periods of 0: 142, 4: d 8a nd 0: d 207. The first two periods are recognized as "negative superhumps" and the corresponding retrograde precession period of the accretion disk. The origin of the third periodic signal remains unknown. The observations in September-October 2001 point only to the presence of "negative superhumps" and possibly to the precession period. The origin of the "negative superhumps" is discussed and two possible mechanisms are suggested. All light curves show strong flickering activity and power spectra with a typical red noise shape. PX And shows eclipses with highly variable shape and depth. The analysis suggests that the eclipse depth is modulated with the precession period and two possible explanations of this phenomenon are discussed. An improved orbital ephemeris is also determined: Tmin(HJD)= 49238:83662(14)+ 0: d 146352739(11)E.


We are interested in studying the possibility of modulating prostatic cell growth by manipulating apoptosis. Here we show that 1 μM staurosporine (STS) induces a human androgen‐independent prostatic tumor cell line, DU145, to undergo dramatic changes in morphology and results in programmed cell death. Several genes involved in apoptosis were analyzed for expression in STS‐treated and untreated DU145 cells. It was observed that these genes were differentially regulated. The expression level of bcl‐2, bcl‐xL, Ich‐1L remains unchanged in treated and untreated cells. On the other hand, DAD1 and interleukin‐1β‐converting enzyme (ICE) were downregulated while bcl‐xs and Ich‐1s were upregulated. By blocking bcl‐2 gene expression using antisense oligonucleotides, it was determined that the anti‐bcl‐2 oligonucleotides have no effect on the proliferation of DU145 or STS‐treated DU145 cells. These results demonstrate that programmed cell death can be induced in an androgen‐independent prostatic cancer cell line and BCL‐2 was found not to play an important role in preventing STS‐induced apoptosis in the DU145 cell line. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


âĂć One paper – Vermassen et al. (submitted to JQS) is quoted repeatedly, with many of the authors overlapping with the present manuscript; however, this paper is under review and so presumably not available yet. Is the JQS paper focussing on the same core, and if so, what was the reason for publishing it separately rather than having it as one, stronger paper? I think this issue should be addressed, as relevant data from the JQS manuscript may strengthen the current one.


This thesis entitled "The Role of City Narcotic Bureau on Rehabilitation for Narcotic
Misused Victim in Yogyakarta". It rise issue weather the role of city narcotic bureau on
rehabilitation for narcotic misused victim in Yogyakarta has in line with provision in forces
and are there obstacles to play the role within rehabilitation for those who misused the
narcotic in Yogyakarta. Results of the study are expected provide input for science
particularly due to the role of city narcotic bureau on rehabilitation for narcotic misused
victim in Yogyakarta. This is a normative legal study. The research object is non-structural
institution under and directly responsible to mayor/regent. City Narcotic Bureau is founded
by National Narcotic Bureau that recognize the severity of narcotic distribution in Indonesia
and unable to control entire narcotic distribution in Indonesia. The role of narcotic bureau on
rehabilitation issue performed through medical and social rehabilitations. Providing
assistance for victim during rehabilitation, monitoring the victim at beginning of his/her
rehabilitation till completed. Providing socialization concerning the risk and impacts of
narcotic misused. This socialization intended for society able to recognize and open their
horizon concerning narcotic jeopardies. The obstacles that faces by City Narcotic Bureau on
rehabilitation for narcotic misused in Yogyakarta are which the victims remain stereotypes as
family disgrace thus it complicates the rehabilitation and when those victims live in brokenhome
or get inappropriate intention from their family.


The nature and composition of the surface of pyrolytic graphite and the consequent possible effects, when the material is used as an electrode. are considered on the basis of the structure of the graphite and of the handling and/or treatment to which the electrodes may have been exposed. Because of the relatively limited studies on pyrolytic graphite, certain aspects of the behavior of other types of graphite and of carbon are discussed owing to their probable relation to the behavior of pyrolytic graphite. An appreciation of the constitution of graphite electrodes in terms of surface compounds and of the possible interaction of these compounds with solution species or their reaction products, when the electrodes are used in electrolytic processes, is essential for their optimum utilzation. The main areas surveyed are the structure of pyrolytic graphite as related to electrode usage, types of possible compound formation, electrolytic behavior of graphite electrodes, and formation of carbonoxygen and related organic surface compounds with the resulting influence on adsorption and other


Accomplishments for Task 2, liquid-phase, higher alcohol process with recycle of lower alcohols, are as follows: (1) a new reactor overhead system design has significantly improved retention of slurry oil during reactor operation at high temperature, ca. 375{degrees}C; (2) a series of ``blank`` (without catalyst) runs were made at 375{degrees}C to evaluate thermal stability of three potential slurry liquids, Drakeol{reg_sign}, Ethylflo{reg_sign} 180 and perhydrofluorene; and (3) the rate of methanol formation with the Cu/ZnO BASF S3-86 ``low temperature`` methanol synthesis catalyst was a strong function of stirrer speed at a ``standard`` set of operating conditions. This result suggest that the reaction rate is influenced or controlled by gas/liquid mass transfer, and may explain the previously-observed discrepancy between results from this laboratory and those from Air Products.


This paper provides a critical evaluation of section 38 of Canada's Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA), which identifies three health grounds on which an individual may be denied entry into Canada. It examines the medical inadmissibility criteria against international human rights norms, liberal interpretations of justice and research data on patterns of immigrant utilization of healthcare services in Canada. The dominant perspective presented by most liberal theories and the jurisprudence is that prospective immigrants (overseas) cannot assert a right under the Charter. The prospective immigrant's legal entitlements are framed in the language of morality and humanitarianism, which takes the issue outside the realm of justice. Therefore, the primary aim of this paper is to set out the legal framework under which prospective immigrants under the IRPA can assert a right to equality and non-discrimination. One argument is that liberal perspectives do not present a sustainable theory in defence of discriminatory exclusionary criteria, based largely on the divergent views on the exact geopolitical boundary of justice. The paper also addresses Canadian courts' interpretations of the influence of international human rights law in domestic courts and makes comparisons between the British approach to this issue and Canada's position.


The purpose of this paper is to take stock of the major political consequences that the August 2008 war had (or did not have) for Georgia: how the war affected Georgia's internal political dynamics and its policies toward its separatist conflicts, its neighbors, and the world. I start by briefly summarizing my views on the nature of and reasons for the war, and on its impact (or the lack thereof) on the global security architecture. These constitute the backdrop against which changes in Georgia can be understood.


Chapter 1 provides both a background to baseball in Japan and to the origins of the concept of "Samurai baseball" that is central to the issues explored in this book. The first chapter also problematizes the role of the popular press in Japan starting in the Meiji period (1868-1912) of both spreading the gospel of baseball in Japan and of promoting the myths surrounding Japan's approach to the game, infusing it with dimensions of the rhetoric of Nihonjinron. Many of the qualities that have come to define the myths of Samurai baseball are the result of the press coverage of the Ichikō high school team's impressive victories against American opponents in the Meiji period. The wide coverage by the popular press of the team's lopsided victories helped both to initiate Japan's love affair with baseball and establish the Bushidō-inspired values associated with Samurai baseball.


Ernest Hemingway created his 'iceberg theory' to explain his minimalist writing style, whereby what can be seen written on the page is just the tip of the much deeper, unwritten story. This same theory might also be used to explain the character of our makerspace - The Maker Place; there is the visible portion that is readily identifiable by its resources and activities, and then there is the part beneath the surface that represents the values and beliefs that keep it afloat. Without the invisible section providing stability, our iceberg - or makerspace - will be unstable.


This study presents an empirical exploration of a theory-driven framework of corporate human resource (CHR) roles in global talent management (GTM). Specifically, it expands our knowledge of the process of GTM in two sectors: financial and professional services. On the basis of the in-depth interview data from two firms, the study finds evidence of four distinct roles for CHR in facilitating successful GTM. The different business contexts are, however, critical to understanding the findings; in particular, the study demonstrates how CHR roles in GTM are affected by the approach to international business strategy and GTM, extent of corporate centralisation, and the business context, particularly the impact of the 2008 global financial services crisis. The study also shows the importance of a micro-component approach to the study of the global integration–local responsiveness balance in GTM. GTM strategy is found to be highly embedded in the broader business structure and shifts in the direction of globalisation within the sector, entailing epochs and episodes of internationalisation. Future GTM research needs to be more closely embedded in the strategic pathways of the firm.


A Dissertation Submitted to Mzumbe University, Dar es Salaam Campus College as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Public Administration (MPA) The purpose of the study was to examine the role of the media in educating citizens on uranium mining: a case study of print media (the daily news, the citizens and the guardian).


The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence
of periodontal disease and the association of risk
factors, such as smoking and drug use in patients with
the HIV virus. The sample was consisted of 48 positive
HIV individuals: 24 female subjects and 24 male subjects,
at an average age of 33 years old, participants of
the DST-Aids program of the Cesar Santos Municipal
Hospital, in the sector of Day Hospital of Passo Fundo/
RS. Among these patients, 32 showed assymptomatic
for HIV (66,66%), 11 symptomatic for HIV (22,91%)
and five (10,42%) did not have laboratorial tests of viral
charge or CD4 counting. A calibrated examiner carried
out a periodontal clinical test of the patients, from a
standardized clinical record file, which was consisted
of plaque level and gingival bleeding, depth of probing
and level of periodontal destruction. It was observed
that the periodontitis had manifested more in assymptomatic
patients for HIV, since 12 presented shallow
pockets (25%), 11 moderate pockets (22,91%) and 9
severe pockets (18,75%). Among the risk factors, smoke
can be highlighted as a prevailing factor, showing a reduction
of 50% of severe periodontitis in non-smoking
subjects. The periodontal disease on the studied population
did not show a direct correlation with the CD4
lymphocyte number.
Key words: Periodontal disease. Risk factors. Aids. Immunology.
CD4 lymphocyte


In autumn 1864 the bitter wind of military defeat whipped through the Confederacy and fanned an open, often heated debate concerning the introduction of slaves into the Confederate Army. As long as the gray lines held firm, no one had to choose between slavery and independence; but stunning Union victories and thinning army ranks in the autumn of 1864forced southerners to decide what they held most dear. The resulting debate about arming the slaves caused the common citizens of the white South and its soldiers to ask again why they were fighting. Was slavery truly the 'cornerstone' of the Confederacy? While the Confederate Army searched for new sources of strength, innovative citizens attempted to define a larger role for the slave in the war effort. As this debate raged from December 1864to April 1865,white southerners weighed the value of slavery and struggled to define the sacrifices they would make to achieve independence.


This paper presents Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) model to predict the fracture characteristics of high strength and ultra high strength concrete beams. Fracture characteristics include fracture energy (GF), critical stress intensity factor (KIC) and critical crack tip opening displacement (CTODc). This paper also presents the details of development of MARS model to predict failure load (Pmax) of high strength concrete (HSC) and ultra high strength concrete (UHSC) beam specimens. Characterization of mix and testing of beams of high strength and ultra strength concrete have been described. Methodologies for evaluation of fracture energy, critical stress intensity factor and critical crack tip opening displacement have been outlined. MARS model has been developed by establishing a relationship between a set of predicators and dependent variables. MARS is based on a divide and conquers strategy partitioning the training data sets into separate regions; each gets its own regression line. Four MARS models have been developed by using MATLAB software for training and prediction of fracture parameters and failure load.MARS has been trained with about 70% of the total 87 data sets and tested with about 30% of the total data sets. It is observed from the studies that the predicted values of Pmax, GF , KIC and CTODC are in good agreement with those of the experimental values.


This chapter contains sections titled: The Overmodulation Region Naturally Sampled Overmodulation of One Phase Leg of an Inverter Regular Sampled Overmodulation of One Phase Leg of an Inverter Naturally Sampled Overmodulation of Single- and Three-Phase Inverters PWM Controller Gain during Overmodulation Space Vector Approach to Overmodulation Summary This chapter contains sections titled: References
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The classical Chinese philosophical tradition (ca. 6th to 3rd centuries BCE) contains rich discussion of skill and expertise. Various texts exalt skilled exemplars (whether historical persons or fictional figures) who guide and inspire those seeking virtuosity within a particular dao (guiding teaching or way of life). These texts share a preoccupation with flourishing, or uncovering and articulating the constituents of an exemplary life. Some core features thought requisite to leading such a life included spontaneity, naturalness, and effortless ease. However, there was also significant disagreement during this 'Warring States' or 'Hundred Schools' period on which skills were valuable, how one should cultivate them, and who exactly ought to serve as exemplars. In this chapter, I discuss two prominent types of expertise and their attendant skills. The first is expertise at a particular craft, occupation, or dao, which finds its most poignant celebration in the early Daoist anthology Zhuangzi. Interest in crafts or skilled occupations was likely motivated by a perceived (or implied) analogy with living a good life more generally. The second concerns ethical expertise, a prominent and widely held ideal within the Ruist (Confucian) and Mohist schools. Both maintain that ethical expertise consists of an ability to apply past models or precedents to current cases, though they diverge on what those models are and how to properly apply them. The aim is to provide nonspecialists an overview of this literature in Daoism, Confucianism, and Mohism, while also providing suggestions about further research. * Penultimate draft. Forthcoming in The Routledge Handbook of Skill and Expertise, edited by Ellen Fridland and Carlotta Pavese. Please refer to and cite the published version.


Lake Eureka was created in 1942 to serve as a water supply source for Eureka, Ill., but because of operating problems surfaced. The of persistent complaints about tastes and odors, in 1979 the city abandoned the lake and volume of softening sludge increased switched to groundwater. A low-energy mechanical destratifier installed in the deepest part of significantly, there was floe carry-over the lake and chelated copper sulfate application to control blue-green algae were first used in from the settling basins to the filter 1981 to improve water quality. The aerator has der chlorine demand; and the domfiguration and has a surface area of and potassium permanganate treatment, inance of blue-green algae in the lake about 36 acres, a mean depth of 6.3 ft, a proved inadequate. Severe taste and odor waters during summer months. Lin and maximum depth of 18 ft, and a watershed problems during the winter of 1976-77 Evans found that TONS for bottom area of 1,700 acres. The storage capacity prompted a search for an alternate source waters at the deep station were generof the lake is 227 acre-ft. Until 1985, raw of raw water. The city switched to ally much higher than those for water at water was withdrawn via an inlet pipe groundwater in November 1979. the surface and mid-depths. They further located about 4.5ft from the lake bottom. The change to a groundwater source reported that odors in the finished water The modified intake structure is located of supply resulted in increased pumping, immediately followed odor episodes in about 8.5 ft from the spillway level. chemical, and treatment costs. Because the lake water. Average pumpage is 600,000 gpd. the treatment plant had not been de- In 1981, the Water Quality Section of Taste and odor problems persisted in signed to treat groundwater, a number the Illinois State Water Survey insti