The method for the determination of trichloroacetaldehyde in water by headspace GC and its relevant detection conditions were introduced in this paper.The result of analyzing trichloroacetaldehyde showed that the detection limit was 0.1 ug/L.The RSD(n=7)was between 2.42% and 5.42%,the recovery rate was between 93.3% and 103.3%.The results conformed the requirements of sanitary standards for drinking water promulgated by the Ministry of Health.


Boron-containing phenol formaldehyde resins ( BPFR) were synthesized by paraformaldehyde method. Thermal degradation properties of BPFR was investigated by TG/DTG techniques. The thermal degradation kinetics was studied by Friedman and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods and the activation energy of the degradation process at different conditions was calculated. The results showed that the whole thermal degradation process of cured resin was roughly divided into three stages,210 -438 ℃,438 -728 ℃and 728 -900 ℃ and the corresponding weight loss rates were 4. 256% ,40. 326% and 23. 717% ,respectively at the heating rate 10 ℃ /min. The weight resid-ual rate of cured resin at 900 ℃ in static air was 31. 442%. The average activation energies ( Ea) at different heating rates of the synthesized resins was 29. 91 kJ/mol and the reaction orders( n) was 2. 837.


Abstract : Braking System is one of the most important systems in any vehicle used to retard the vehicle. For the safety of the driver and the passengers, it must work efficiently. This work deals with the design of a braking system for an electric golf cart, calculations and analysis for it along with design and analysis of Steering knuckle are performed. A hydraulic disc brake system is designed with four-disc rotors for each wheel in order to stop the vehicle in the shortest possible distance as per the driver requisite. This E-vehicle is six-seater; hence weight reduction is a major aspect that needs to be taken care of. Hence the steering knuckle is designed in such a way that it will sustain all the forces. Moreover, in this paper, the calculation of forces and the design of the steering knuckle is done. It was decided that bike rotor discs and calipers be used for all four wheels. Designing of Steering Knuckle is done on Creo 3.0 and the analysis is done with ANSYS 18.0.


This study exposed analysis fractal by the dimension D in the rock art. The Fractals is a new tool in the software application and digital photography for the recognition of raw materials, the study of its form, degradation, specific parts of paint, and providing new data the virtual reconstruction. The analyzes focus on various pictorial sets of the region Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo, Mexico; region where are concentrated more than 100 caves, comparing 74 images to analyze the various pictorial traditions. The structure fractal describes the dimension of the represented objects, not only according to its space where the figure is placed, but the possibility of being a fraction in which all the surfaces can be observed (rock, paint).


Abstract 4797 Hodgkin9s disease (HD) is a commonly cured lymphoma. Unfortunately between 10 and 20% of patients are refractory or relapse after a first line of treatment. There is evidence that for these patients the best approach is salvage chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Existing salvage regimens of chemotherapy, mainly based on platines or aracytine, have a response rate between 60-85%. Usually is associated a toxicity resulting in delay of chemotherapy or dose reduction. It is very important to achieve complete remission before HDC/ABSCT. It has been proved that 18-FDG PET has a predictive value on Hodgkin9s lymphoma. Into the pathophysiology of HD are implicated various cytokines like IL6, IL12, IL13, NFkB and angiogenic factors. Immunomodulatory drugs have an impact on microenvironment, altering cytokine secretion and the expression of adhesion molecules which can result in apoptosis of malignant B-cell. Lenalidomide, having both immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic activity, proved to be highly active into the treatment of myeloma and some forms of non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma. Into a phase two studies, Lenalidomide administrated as a single agent, proves to be also active into the refractory or relapsed Hodgkin9s lymphoma. During a period of one year, we identified eight patients with refractory ore relapsed HD. We have treated these patients with classical salvage chemotherapy regimen – ESAP- in which we associated Lenalidomide, administrated continuously during the whole period of treatment. We evaluate the response by 18-FDG PET, early, after two or three cycles of ESAP-Lenalidomide association. We obtained seven complete remissions and one very good partial remission (minimal residual disease in PET SCAN). The toxicity was essentially hematological, neutropenia and trombocytopenia. This small study proves that Lenalidomide, a new drug with both immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic effects, associated to a classical salvage regimen of chemotherapy is highly active on refractory or relapsing Hodgkin9s lymphoma. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Usinga series-model ofanautomotive shortmechanical scannersvery complexand expensive. rangeradarsensor(SRR)anda recently completed Electronically scanning radarcanaddress theseproblems experimental radarsystem,fieldtestshavebeenappropriately. Theconsecutive reported results offield tests performed inasurface mine.Itwasexamined, towhatperformed withtwodifferent electronically scanning automotive extent low-cost electronically scanning radarsensors canradar sensors inacoal mineemphasizes this statement. provide useful dataforassistance systems inlarge scale mining machines. Theseries SRRsensor using mono-pulse


The invention relates to a Chinese medicine preparation, namely, a medical tincture to cure scapulohumeral periarthritis. The medicine is prepared with the following materials based on weight proportion: respectively 60g of parsnip, selinum, motherwort, picrorrhizae rhizome, nux vomica and Chinese rose, 20g borneol and 1000ml alcohol with a concentration of 75%. The invention features by new prescription, low cost, convenient preparation and good curative effect.


ABSTRACT A 58‐year old man presented with slowly progressive spastic paraparesis, ataxia, absent ankle jerks, bladder disturbances, impairment of vibration sense and mental deterioration. Electrophysiological studies documented axonal sensory neuropathy, posterior column and optic nerve involvement. Serum tests for anti‐HTLV‐1 antibodies were negative but HTLV‐1 proviral sequences were consistently demonstrated in white blood cell genomic DNA using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Western blot and polymerase chain reaction assays of sera and DNA from family members were negative for HTLV‐1. The most likely cause of infection in this patient was a blood transfusion received 2 years before onset of symptoms. This is the second Italian case of HTLV‐1 associated myelopathy and the fourth reported in white subjects living in Europe.


If the object of the game is to do what one enjoys while making outstanding margin, we in the cow business have enjoyed one of the greatest opportunities in decades. Even though drought has made it an unequal distribution, and disease and politics have added considerable confusion, turning grass and other feed stuffs into marketable calves has been good. We have had challenges to enhance value for specific markets with new technologies. We have seen our aged cow and bull markets influenced heavily by border issues as well as premium meat markets disrupted by embargos and restrictions. Feed price has begun to make a major sort of production systems. However "good" calves produced in economically viable systems have been highly profitable.


Intensity inhomogeneity correction is one of the challenges in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Correction of intensity inhomogeneity for spinal cord images is more difficult than brain images because of the small size of homogeneous regions such as gray and white matter structures in a spinal cord. In this paper we present a pixel based correction method called Improved Adaptive Gamma Correction Method (IAGCM). Several qualitative and quantitative evaluations were tested on spinal cord images on seven healthy and three subjects with spinal cord injury. Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) for different parameters of "p" were considered as quantitative evaluation. Qualitative evaluations were performed by scoring of images by an independent board certified neuroradiologist on images applied with pseudo color transformation. Overall the results showed improvement in the CNR of the corrected images. In conclusion, the proposed IAGCM method is a simple method to implement and performed well in improving the image quality of spinal cord images.


Abstract Drawing on Membership Categorization Analysis, we aim to tease out how narrators talk into being the social group constellations in their storyworlds and how these – potentially shifting – constellations can be related to the narrator's identity constructions. We investigate two World War II-testimonies narrated by Belgian concentration camp survivors and scrutinize whether the expected Standardized Relational Pair of victim-perpetrator – viz. the camp prisoners versus the Nazis – is in operation, how these two categories are talked into being, whether other social groups are mentioned and how all these processes affect the narrators' identity work. It proved to be the case that, even though the victim-perpetrator Standardized Relational Pair is indeed present in both testimonies, it functions very differently in both stories, resulting in almost opposing identity work by the two narrators.


Spectrum management has been identified as a crucial step tow ards enabling the technology of a cognitive radio network (CRN). Most of the current works dealing with spectrum management in the CRN focus on a single task of the problem, e.g., spectrum sensing, spectrum decision, spectrum sharing or spectrum mobility. In this two-part paper, we argue that for certain network configurations, jointly performing several tasks of the spectrum management improves the spectrum efficiency. Specifically, our aim is to study the uplink resource management problem in a CRN where there exist multiple cognitive users (CUs) and access points (APs). The CUs, in order to maximize their uplink transmission rates, have to associate to a suitable AP (spectrum decision), and to share the channels used by this AP with other CUs (spectrum sharing). These tasks are clearly interdependent, and the problem of how they should be carried out efficiently and in a distributed manner is still o pen in the literature. In this first part of the paper, we focus on the problem of spect rum sharing in a multi-channel CRN with a single AP. The insight gained from the analysis of this simpler network is used as the building block for analyzing the multiple AP network in the second part of this paper. We formulate the single AP spectrum sharing problem into a non-cooperative power allocation game, in which individual CUs aim at maximizing their transmission rate by finding the suitabl e power allocation on the available channels. Interestingly, we discover that the set of equilibrium solu tions of this game possesses the following optimality properties: 1) any equilibrium solution is the o ptimum input power allocation scheme in the sense that it maximizes the sum rate of the network if joint decoding at the AP is employed;


Objective:To explore the value of serum cholinesterase in determining the disease severity and prognosis in critical ill children.Method:225 pediatric patients were admitted in our pediatric wards from March 2011 to November 2013.According to Pediatric Critical Illness Score(PCIS),they were divided into the non-critical ill group for 80 cases(81 points),the critical ill group for 80 cases(71-81 points) and the extremely critical ill group for 65 cases(71 points).The serum cholinesterase activity was detected within 24 hours after admission.The system and organs functions were evaluated according to the diagnostic criteria of Multi-Organ System Failure(MSOF).The correlation of serum cholinesterase and PCIS score and MSOF was analyzed.Result:Serum cholinesterase activity in the extremely critical ill group was significantly lower than the critical ill group,and that in the critical ill group was significantly lower than the non-critical ill group.The serum cholinesterase,MSOF incidence and mortality were compared among different groups with different PCIS scores.It was found that the lower the PCIS score,the lower the serum cholinesterase activity,the higher the MSOF incidence,the higher the mortality,the differences were statistically significant(P0.01).Conclusion:According to our results,the lower the PCIS score,the lower the serum cholinesterase activity,the higher the MSOF incidence and the mortality.Therefore,determining serum cholinesterase activity may be an indicator of determining the disease severity and prognosis in critical ill children.


Several studies indicate that child care needs will dramatically increase as current and former welfare recipients enter the work force. This study examined the number and characteristics of families and children in Cuyahoga County, Ohio that would qualify for non-assistance child care subsidies. Data were obtained from the Public Use Microdata Sample drawn from the 1990 census. Families were included in the study if they had at least 1 child under 13 years, were headed by a single working parent or by 2 working parents, and had a 1989 income at or below 185 percent of poverty level. The findings indicated that there were over 8,000 children whose families would qualify for non-assistance child under the current voucher system. Of working families, 6,347 (7 percent) had incomes up to 100 percent of poverty level and would qualify for child care subsidies under the present system. Seventy-seven percent of these families were single-parent families, and 15 percent had received public assistance income during the previous year. Standard child care home and center operating hours would meet the needs of 63 percent of families with working parents. (Four appendices include data tables.) (KB) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Mice of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) *fhis document has been reproduced as eceived from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. 6 Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. FAMILIES AND CHILDREN QUALIFYING FOR NON-ASSISTANCE CHILD CARE SUBSIDIES IN CUYAHOGA COUNTY


BACKGROUND
Clinical education is an integral component of physical therapy education. Both benefits and barriers exist in clinical education, but 1 commonly stated barrier includes the perception that students have a negative impact on clinical instructor (CI) productivity.

OBJECTIVE
The purposes of this study were to evaluate the productivity of physical therapist CIs in an academic medical center before, during, and after clinical education experiences (CEEs), determine if there are differences in productivity during CEEs across settings, and compare CI productivity to that of therapists who did not have a student during the same time frames.

DESIGN
A retrospective design examined productivity across 3 years in acute care (AC), inpatient rehabilitation (IPR), outpatient orthopedics (OPO), and outpatient neurology (OPN). Mean daily productivity was computed, normalized to an 8-hour day, and averaged for each week of the year. Data was analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA. Post-hoc comparisons were made within each setting to compare therapists with a student to those without. The Bonferonni-correction was used to control for multiple comparisons.

RESULTS
CI productivity was significantly increased in OPO and IPR, approached significance in OPN, but was not significant in AC. The presence of a student made CIs more productive, but had no effect on the productivity of other therapists in that setting during the same time frame.

LIMITATIONS
We studied only 1 academic medical center and could not account for CI factors such as years of experience or student factors such as year in their program.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that having a student increases productivity of therapists in various settings. Future studies should examine the impact of CI experience, student characteristics, and should expand to other settings.


The instantaneous thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) of the mesh of a pair of helical gears is simulated by the pseudo-steady state thermal EHL of two tapered rollers in opposite orientation approximately. The behavior of pseudo-steady state thermal EHL is investigated by multilevel method and sequential sweeping method. It is found from the numerical results that, firstly, pressure, film thickness, temperature of the film and gears surfaces are different at different positions on the meshing line of the helical gears, especially the distribution of temperature. The lowest temperature rise is nearly zero, however the highest can exceed 100 K in the contact area. That is because that the distributions of pressure and film thickness depend strongly on the distribution of the equivalent radius in the direction of the roller length, and the distribution of temperature depends strongly on the local slide/roll ratio in the direction of the roller length. Secondly, the high pressures and temperatures in the ends can be decreased by the end modifications, but the pressure and temperature there are still higher than those in the middle, and the film thicknesses there are smaller than that in the middle. The place in which the pressure and temperature is high and the film is thin is corresponding to the place where pitting and scoring are most likely to occur.


We study Ramsey monetary policy in a New Keynesian (NK) model with endogenous growth and knowledge spillovers external to each firm. We find that in contrast with the standard NK model, the Ramsey dynamics implies deviation from full inflation targeting in response to technology and government spending shocks.


Synchronous networks-on-chip (NoC) require tailored schedulers achieving low latency, high throughput, and fairness while avoiding packet collisions. Efficient schedulers exist for rearrangeable non-blocking NoC. However, NoCs fabricated in integrated photonics typically suffer a blocking behavior due to the limitations of the switching capabilities in the space and wavelength domains. This paper discusses a scheduler for an integrated optical NoC based on a ring topology and realized with multiple resonating microrings (multi-microring, MMR). Scheduling in MMR architecture consists of the conventional matching sub-problem and the wavelength assignment sub-problem. The paper's contribution is twofold. Advanced adaptive parallel wavelength matching (aaPWM) algorithm .In addition, bidirectionality with one or two transceivers per port is proposed as a way to overcome the throughput degradation caused by the blocking behavior. Simulation results indicate that bidirectionality is very effective in improving the throughput and reducing the latency even when using a single transceiver


1. Pharmacologists should be involved in all stages of drug development. Often neglected is the final step, the clinical trials and other studies that determine clinical utility. The present article illustrates how pharmacoepidemiology can facilitate evaluation of the clinical potential of different drugs used to treat hypertension.


The objective of this research is to replicate an Iowa Study regarding Disproportionate Minority Confinement (DMC). (DMC) tracking requirements are the result of a study conducted by Huizinga and Elliott done (1987) which reported that "African-American kids were apprehended and charged more often in serious crimes, than white youth who were involved in the same type of offenses." We are analyzing data from the 92 counties in Indiana to find out if race and age are in fact contributing factors that determine whether or not youth are committed to secure confinement. Our research will be based on two questions: Does race increase the likelihood for African American youth to receive a harsher sentence? Does the age discount (where younger kids are less likely confined) apply equally among the subgroups? The Iowa study concluded that race and age did play a major role in the Juvenile Justice Decision making process in Iowa. The results of this study will be submitted for publication to some of the leading Criminal Justice journals.


The modification of material characteristics by introducing dopant atoms into a crystal lattice is a fundamental basis for modern micro- and nanosystems technology. In this work, the uneven distribution of dopants is shown to have a remarkable effect on the residual stress and the consequent deformation of released, mechanical silicon structures. In particular, the focus is on segregation of initial dopants inside the bulk silicon which takes place in such fabrication processes as thermal oxidation. A theoretical model based on perceiving the dopant-induced change in Si crystal lattice parameter is developed. We experimentally investigate a series of silicon-on-insulator wafers, including samples with dopant types B, P, and Sb, and concentrations in the range from 1015 to 5 × 1019 atoms cm−3. Released cantilevers are fabricated as test structures and the residual stress is determined by measuring their final curvature. Experimental results are compared with the modelled values obtained utilizing the dopan...


This is an introductory review of the theory of D-branes compactified to four dimensions on the Z3 orbifold. We compute the partition function and the scattering amplitude of closed string states from a system of two identical D-branes. We then consider two D-branes moving with relative non relativistic velocity.


Perhaps the most important lesson to take from the Great Depression is that policymakers should follow the Hippocratic Oath: First, do no harm.


Impact loading experiments have been performed to obtain shock loading and release, as well as quasi-isentropic compression measurements in polycrystalline tungsten to stresses approximating 200 GPa and 250 GPa. A symmetric impact configuration was used to obtain the shock loading and release conditions, while graded density and layered material impactors were used to obtain quasi-isentropic loading. The results of these experiments indicate that the quasi-isentrope lies above the Hugoniot up to /approximately/140 GPa, contrary to expectations based on thermodynamic considerations neglecting effects of inelastic shear deformation. These results show that the dynamic yield strength of tungsten is dependent on the loading rate with the strength being higher for the relatively slower rates of loading along the quasi-isentrope. The pressure dependence of the yield strength is determined nearly independent of temperature effects from quasi-isentroic loading experiments, because the temperature rise in a quasi-isentropic loading experiment is much lower than those associated with shock loading experiments. 28 figs, 2 tabs.


With the rapid development of network and multimedia technology,there are more obvious advantages in language teaching.But undoubtedly there are still some problems in English teaching practice based on multimedia and network.This article discusses how to make modern educational technology with traditional teaching methods combined,give full play to its role and potential,make comprehensive reform of college English teaching,establish a new mode of College English teaching and learning——A Modern Human-Computer-Combined Mode based on multimedia network technology.The new mode embodies the individualized student-centered learning concept,which is practicable in optimizing and saving teaching materials.The purpose is to develop students' comprehensive English application ability,capacity of acquiring English knowledge through information media.It will be valuable for college English teaching to apply this new mode.


The existing problem in steam air heater drainage system for No.8 and No.9 units in Shaoguan Power Plant and countermeasures are introduced.


Attention was first called to the "four day work week" as it spread through the industrial towns of Massachusetts and moved westward into the Central States. Initially, it had been applied primarily in small, mostly non-unionized manufacturing companies of about 500 employees or less but, as the idea gained momentum, more and more companies began to climb onto the bandwagon. Few of these were capital intensive (Le., requiring a heavy investment in capital equipment), few were competing in world markets and few had contracts with locals of the large national unions. But, nonetheless, the list kept growing in both number and diversity and by the beginning of 1971, more than 200 companies in the United States-and even more on the international scene-were experimenting with the rearranged week. Hospitals, banks, police departments, advertising agencies, insurance companies, retailing establishments, publishing outfits, architectural firms and professional organizations all were represented and perhaps, the list would have grown even longer and more inclusive had not the provisions of the three month wage freeze prevented many companies from revising their work schedules.' At first glance, the shortened week may appear to he a relatively new phenomenon but a closer look will reveal that it has a long history in two related trends that have steadily gained strength in American industry. The first is a trend toward increasing diversity in work schedules as shown by the new plans for flexible hours, staggered hours and most recently the "gliding workday" (in which workers can arrive and leave at any time within a twelve hour period as long as they work the total number of required hours each week). The second is the trend toward shorter days and more leisure time which was spurred by the union movement and which has remained in the forefront of union demands. Interestingly, this trend toward a shorter work week, which was practically unbroken for almost a century, was reversed some 25 years ago. At that time, government workers eagerly accepted a lengthening of the work week from thirty-nine hours to forty in order to have a two day weekend. Similarly, the four day week, with its longer hours also reverses the trend toward shorter days, and this has been the cause of considerable debate and dissension whenever unions have been approached on the issue. Many unions see the four day week as a


&NA; Risk and the risk attitude of agents are two fundamental elements of decision making under risk and uncertainty. Recent developments in risk and risk preference analyses have raised questions on conventional approaches to estimating risk preferences. This study proposes an estimation procedure that employs a seminonparametric estimator to estimate the density function of risk without imposing distributional assumptions, as well as a numerical integration method to construct closed‐form expressions of conditional moment conditions for efficient estimation. The method achieves a substantial efficiency improvement relative to the conventional GMM approach in Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed approach is general and applies to the estimation of behavioral choice models under risk, or models that require expectation operations and closed‐form equations for estimation.


Wavelength-routed networks are viewed as less flexible than IP-routed networks
 because of the dedicated nature of optical path and incurred optical layer
 constraints, e.g., wavelength continuity constraints. However, current
 wavelength-routed networks operating in the WDM environment are empowered with the
 potential of dynamic and fast provisioning of high-bandwidth optical paths. This
 potential is currently being addressed by intelligent traffic engineering (TE) on
 multilayer networks that combine both a broadband optical layer and a
 grooming-capable electronic layer. We propose a dynamic TE scheme within the
 framework of multilayer generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS), which
 takes into consideration the simple nature of an all-optical (OOO) path, the
 flexibility and grooming efficiency of optical-electrical-optical (OEO) connection,
 and the support of traffic quality of service (QoS). It optimizes the utilization of
 OOO and OEO connections in a hybrid fashion through the concept of lightpath
 tunneling that can adapt to real-time traffic demands. Simulations based on this TE
 scheme show that the optical transceiver requirement it core nodes can be reduced to
 only ~20% of that of the IP-routed networks without sacrificing performance. This TE
 scheme can also be adapted to network scenarios where very limited numbers of
 transceivers are deployed.


The paper examines the potential influence of Wilhelm Dilthey on the works and thought of the Peruvian writer and ethnologist José María Arguedas. In 1953 Arguedas opened his ethnological article "Mountains in the Process of Peruvian Culture" with a quote from Dilthey's book of essays Experience and Poetry (1910). Despite the fact that the two authors are distant in space and time, their herme-neutic approach and, above all, their faith in art as the highest possible form of knowledge, brings their reflections together. Dilthey's triad experience — expression — understanding, which forms the core of the chosen quote, expresses the essence of art and its value: beauty, honest judgment, an authentic descent into the depth of linguistic expression and cultural identity. The three concepts also summarize Arguedas's lifelong efforts to use art to make the underestimated Quechua and mes-tizo cultures a legitimate part of modern Peru and art in general.


We studied the respiratory history questionnaire responses and maximal expiratory flow-volume curves in meat wrappers and control subjects who had worked 12 ± 3 years at their occupation; all subjects regularly cut polyvinyl chloride film with a hot wire and were thus exposed to pyrolysis fumes on the job. One half of the subjects were studied at room temperature, and the rest were studied in a refrigerated work area (2° C). Compared to the control subjects, the wrappers demonstrated a greater prevalence of respiratory complaints and related eye irritation after exposure to fumes. Baseline values for forced vital capacity, forced expired volume in one sec, and expiratory flow at 50 per cent of vital capacity exceeded 70 per cent of predicted values in all but one of 30 wrappers. After one 8-hour shift, forced vital capacity and forced expired volume in one sec remained unchanged (± 10 per cent) in 15 wrappers; maximal flow at 50 per cent of vital capacity decreased by 10 per cent or more in 4 of 15 wrappe...


In the third paragraph from the end in this editorial by René H M Verheijen (BMJ 2011;343:d5720, doi:10.1136/bmj.d5720) the author mistakenly referred to deaths instead of cases. The fourth sentence should have read: "It has been estimated that the Italian programme, which uses the bivalent vaccine, would prevent 295 more cases of cancer [not "295 more deaths from cancer"] but 25 848 fewer cases of genital warts than if it used the quadrivalent vaccine."


*Corresponding author e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com A b s t r a c t. Understanding the processes that control the retention and flow of water in peat soils is critical to the effective management of such soils from both agricultural and ecological perspectives. The water retention properties of peats collected from rubber-cultivated, oil palm-cultivated, and abandoned (uncultivated) areas in the vicinity of Kanamit Barat Village, Pulang Pisau District, Province of Central Kalimantan were characterized using the van Genuchten equation. Based on the parameters of α indicating a change in the water content as water potential changes and n indicating the rate of decreasing water content as water potential becomes more negative, the more decomposed peats in the rubber cultivated peatland lost their water relatively slowly at small negative pressure heads, while less decomposed peats in the oil palm-cultivated and abandoned peatlands lost their water more quickly. This reflects difference of pore-size distribution among different land uses of peatlands. The total volume of water retained by the unsaturated layers in the rubber-cultivated peatland was lower than that in the oil palm-cultivated and abandoned areas. Also, the residual water content was higher in the rubber-cultivated peatland compared to the oil palm-cultivated and abandoned areas. This implies that the proportion of the maximum volume of water being removed decreases as a result of agricultural activities in peatlands. This evidence shows that the moisture state of peat soil is greatly influenced by the degree of peat decomposition and water table fluctuation. K e y w o r d s: drainage, moisture retention, residual porosity, tropical peatland


The displacement measurement of capacitive transducers of both variable square types and variable clearance types is generally limited in a range of several millimeters to several centimeters. For the measurement of large displacement over 100mm, mainly the measuring devices such as inductorsyn and optical grating are used. It is difficult to use such measuring systems widely for the reason that they have a complex electronic circuit of high cost and high consumption of energy, and it is difficult to integrate the circuit. However, a particular type of capacitive device for large displacement measurement has found its wide application. It is very convenient to apply it widely to both a digital electronic caliper and the displacement measurement of a machine because it eliminates the drawbacks of the aforementioned systems. The paper simply describes the principle of the new capacitive transducer and its measuring system. The error sources of the system are discussed and the methods to reduce it or to improve the measurement accuracy are presented. The result of the experiment is the same as that of the theoretical analysis


Abstract Thirty Holstein cows were arranged in a randomised block design for 287 days and fed rations of five forage systems: Italian ryegrass in rotation with corn (S1), hybrid ryegrass mixtures with three legumes in rotation with corn (S2) or sorghum (S3), red clover with hybrid (S4), and Perennial (S5) ryegrass pastures. In systems S1, S2, and S3, the cows remained in the barn throughout the study period and were fed total mixed ration (TMR). In systems 4 and 5, the cows grazed in a pasture and were only fed at the barn when grazing was not possible. All rations were balanced with a low quantity of concentrate at a forage/concentrate ration of approximately 80/20. Feed intake, milk quantity, and milk quality test data were entered in the program CAP2'er® to calculate the test-related carbon footprint. Results, based on 287 days trial, expressed as grams of CO2 equivalent per kilogram of fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM), were 724 (S1), 701 (S2), 764 (S3), 507 (S4), and 528 (S5). Actually, the lower results in S4 and S5 than results for S1, S2 and S3 seem more related to the inclusion of the carbon sequestration and land-use change issues than more inputs/more but not enough milk production. When soybean meal is imported, the findings highlight that soybean meal emission factor due to land use change (LUC) strongly affected CO2 equivalent emissions in systems S1, S2 and S3 where 670, 625 and 628 kilograms of soybean meal were consumed by cows in the trial. Highlights The higher productivity of double-cropping systems does not compensate for the higher amount of greenhouse gases that they emit, measured as CO2-equivalent emissions per kilogram of FPCM. Pasture-based systems emit lower quantities of greenhouse gases per kilogram of FPCM, but their milk yield is lower than that of more intensive systems. Emission factors differ considerably due to differences in soil use. The result of greenhouse gas emissions from the system will largely depend on how these emission factors are analysed.


In the article analyzes the overall trends of the insurer's assets in international insurance markets, the comparative analysis with the Ukrainian practice was done.


To alleviate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on tourism, tourist facilities in Bali are informing visitors of the relevant health protocols, using posters to describe the appropriate behaviours. Using critical discourse analysis, this study examines the microstructure of the texts in these posters to identify their semantic, syntactic, lexical, and rhetorical elements. The study findings show that the semantic aspects consist of background, intention, and detail. The syntactic elements involve coherence and the use of the pronouns 'you' and 'we', and of the imperative, and the declarative. The lexical aspects include abbreviations and vocabulary, related to the health protocol. The textual messages are delivered in official language, supported by pictures and photographs.


Aggregates contribute to determining the structure of the soil and form the physical space and the habitat in which microorganisms live and play their role by regulating soil functioning. Consequently, the study of the biophysical properties of aggregates can be an effective tool for assessing what influence soil management has on its functionality, and especially on carbon sequestration.
Interdisciplinary research on the biophysical properties of aggregates therefore needs to be carried out in order to assess the effect of management on the biophysical properties of different aggregate size classes. In this study we investigated the biophysical parameters of macroaggregates (4-1 mm) mesoaggregates (1-0.25 mm) and microaggregates (<250 μm) in soils under an alfalfa crop and oak wood (representative of a mountain agroecosystem), and under three walnut sites (representative of plain agroecosystem) characterized by differing urea distribution (one site was fertirrigated with 90 kg liquid urea/ha-1, one site received 90 kg granular urea/ha-1, one site acted as the control without urea addition). We assumed that different aggregate classes (different microhabitats) have specific biophysical properties and the spatial relationship between organic matter and pores should be different in aggregate classes, regulating soil carbon sequestration function.
Our biophysical characterization showed that the aggregate classes investigated were easily distinguishable microhabitats. The soil management effects depended on aggregate size. Soil organic matter input and N fertilization affected the soil organic matter availability for microorganisms in macroaggregates. The aggregation process, by contrast, seemed more relevant for the C dynamics in meso- and microaggregates, thus in aggregates <1 mm. Indeed, thin aggregate sections confirmed that mesoaggregates were microhabitats in which a great accumulation of organic matter occurred as stable and transformed amorphous forms, as a result of aggregate genesis.


Charge optimizing the implementation of a user-oriented energy storage device of the present invention is connected to the solar cell input receiving a direct current power supply; A sensing unit which senses the output voltage of the solar cell; Signal generator for generating a periodic signal, the size change made periodically; Voltage generation unit for generating a variable reference voltage to be compared with the period signal; The period size of the control signal generator for generating a duty control signal by using the low range and high range than the reference voltage of the signal; Charging section performing the charging operation to the on-off switching operation by the duty control signals; A battery unit which energy is charged by the charging operation of said charging section; And wherein the reference voltage is started at 0V, but controlled so as to start the charging operation, the current solar cell voltage is previously solar cell voltage value is less than the case, and controlled so as to be generated with low voltage reference from the current reference voltage, than when it is higher than the current reference voltage so that the reference voltage is generated is characterized in that it comprises a main control unit for controlling the voltage generating section.


Harrison relates a case report suggestive of anorexia nervosa that emerged from France and was talked of in England in 1603. Poitiers was known for miracles, and in 1356, the Battle of Poitiers was a key victory for the English in the Hundred Years'War. By the 16th century, Poitiers comprised royal courts, a university, printing shops, a wealth of religious institutions, a cathedral, markets, impressive domestic architecture, extensive fortifications and a castle.


The inhibitory activity of Pistacia eurycarpa Yalt. Essential Oil (EO) toward Aspergillus flavus (PTCC: 5004) was evaluated by agar dilution method and vapor phase method. For the first method, the EO was added to agar medium to obtain concentrations of 0, 5,000, 6,000, 7,000, 8,000, 9,000, and 10,000 μL L. For the vapor contact assays, uncovered inoculated potato dextrose agar plates and maize plates were placed inside airtight containers whose headspace was saturated by EO vapor. The results showed that at agar dilution test, the EO completely inhibited the growth of the tested mold at ≥ 10,000 μL L. In vapor contact method, mycelia growth was inhibited 60.87% in PDA plates and no growth was observed within twenty days of incubation in maize plates.


3016 women between 11 and 53 years of age were administered large doses of estrogens (2336 cases or 77.4% with ethinyl estradiol and 545 cases or 18.1% with diethylstilbestrol; the estrogens administered in the remaining 135 women were not mentioned). 5 mg of ethinyl estradiol or 50 mg of diethylstilbestrol were administered for 5 consecutive days within 48 hours of coitus and preferably within the 1st 24 hours. 66% of the cases had unprotected coitus on the 10th-17th days before the next expected menses. Pregnancy rate was 0.15. Where vomiting occured within 1 hour of ingestion an anti-emetic was given followed by an additional tablet 30 minutes later. A hypothermal effect was observed rather frequently during the ovulation period; this was considered significant in relation to implantation. Pathological-anatomical examination of the endometrium showed evidences of retardation with basal vacuoles (normally absent after the 4th day of secretory stage) visibly present until menstruation. With respect to morning-after injection 150 volunteers given 12.5 mg estradiol benzoate and 10 mg of estradiol phenylpropionate exhibited very low frequency of side effects; however 4 pregnancies considered to be method-failures were observed. Endometrial biopsy and histological examination showed pronounced local epithelial profileration in 3 cases. Recordings of post-ovulatory basal body temperature showed a consistent pattern possibly due to the low dosage used. These results suggest immediate treatment with the indicated dosage levels after unprotected intercourse may be effective especially in emergency cases such as failure of other contraceptive methods unexpected intercourse and rape.


Introduction Due both its increasing emissions inventory and lack of effective environmental policies, Bogota, Colombia's capital and largest city, has become one of the most air polluted cities in Latin America. During the last 10 years, annual concentration of PM10 has exceeded the standard in several parts of the city. The decline in the city's air quality is explained by technological and policies issues. Even though the correlation between diesel-vehicle particulate matter emissions and the sulfur content of the fuel is widely documented, little has been done to improve the quality of the diesel fuel, in terms of its environmental performance. The current sulfur content of the diesel fuel sold in Bogota (1,200 ppm) is higher than that found in major Latin American cities. It is, however, lower than that of the diesel sold in the rest of the country – 4500 ppm -. Notwithstanding the successful implementation of the new bus-rapid-transit (BRT) system, the city's transit bus fleet is old and oversized and responsible for more than 90% of the PM10 emissions generated by mobile sources. During a recent public transportation strike, where most of public buses not associated to the BRT system did not run, the concentration of PM10 in the city dropped 54% with respect to the same day in the previous week. This paper analyses the gaps in the air quality management strategies in Bogota and recommends the steps to fill such gaps, based on the opportunities given by the public awareness to the problem, the state of local scientific knowledge and the current political will to finally curb air pollution.


In the previous paper, we showed that the specific wear rate of crystalline polymer, polyoxymethylene (POM), was drastically lowered by the addition of a trace amount of fine silicon carbide (SiC). The phenomena were ascribable to the decrease in the spherulite size of POM crystallites. In this paper, the filling effects of a trace amount of SiC or metal salt of dehydroabietic acid (M-DAA, a nucleating agent) on the tribological behaviors of polypropylene (PP), high density polyethylene (HDPE), and polyvarbonate (PC) were investigated. The mechanical properties of PP and HDPE, both filled with SiC or MDAA, were also examined. As the results, the specific wear rates for filled-PP nd HDPE were minimized by the reduction in spherulite size. However the mechanical properties were not lowered by the addition of a trace amount of SiC or M-DAA. The specific wear rate for the amorphous PC was not affected by the addition of SiC. HDPE also showed the increment in izod impact strength with reduction in spherulite size. The effects were confirmed significant in the semi-crystalline polymers such as PP and HDPE, as well as POM. Therefore the reduction of spherulite size by the addition of SiC or M-DAA was effective for reducing the wear rate of semi-crystalline polymers without lowering the mechanical properties.


The low pressure plasma processing environment is complex and presents many diagnostic challenges. Here the diagnostic techniques used for accurate and detailed measurement of the density and energy distributions of charged and neutral species are reviewed. Most of the techniques rely heavily on atomic and molecular data. The specific data needs of each diagnostic are outlined. It is shown that in total these data needs are vast and diverse and cannot all be met from specific measurements or calculations. The real need is for generic scaling rules for each of the significant atomic and molecular processes.


In this paper, we describe a novel approach to construct textured 3D environment models in a hierarchical fashion based on local surface patches. Compared to previous approaches, the hierarchy enables our method to represent the environment with differently sized surface patches. The reconstruction scheme starts at a coarse resolution with large patches and in an iterative fashion uses the reconstruction error to guide the decision as to whether the resolution should be refined. This leads to variable resolution models that represent areas with few variations at low resolution and areas with large variations at high resolution. In addition, we compactly describe local surface attributes via sparse coding based on an overcomplete dictionary. In this way, we additionally exploit similarities in structure and texture, which leads to compact models. We learn the dictionary directly from the input data and independently for every level in the hierarchy in an unsupervised fashion. Practical experiments with large-scale datasets demonstrate that our method compares favorably with two state-of-the-art techniques while being comparable in accuracy.


This article sets forth a historical and current analysis of (a) the occupational health services in Italy; and (b) the political, economic, and social forces that determined them. Special focus is placed on the analysis of the events leading to the establishment in 1969 of forms of direct democracy at the workplace, i.e. workers' committees, and their consequences for the occupational health services. Also described and analyzed are the responsibilities and modus operandi of these committees in the creation and reproduction of scientific knowledge at the point of production. The relationship between the workers' committees, the "experts," and the institutions of medicine, as well as that between the workers' committees, political parties, and the trade unions, is also discussed. An update on the impact that recent political developments have had on these workers' committees concludes the article.


The composition of the essential oil of the leaves of Salvia canariensis L. obtained by hydrodistillation was investigated by GC–FID, GC–MS and GC–FTIR. The main constituents of the oil were the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene (30%) and globulol (17%), together with the monoterpenes bornyl acetate (17%), α-pinene (10%) and camphene (8%). The structure of globulol was assigned using IR, mass and mainly NMR spectroscopy, after isolation of the compound by column chromatography. The assigned NMR data of globulol are given.


ABSTRACT This paper explores New Public Management-inspired reforms to Australia's Disability Employment Services (DES), which assume increasing participant choice and control within DES will enhance provider competition and effectiveness. However, capability for exercising choice within this context is multifaceted. This is particularly so for participants who experience significant barriers to employment, as highlighted in our narrative analysis of the perspectives of DES participants with psychosocial disability and their resistance to exercising control to change providers despite dissatisfaction with outcomes. This brings into question whether increased marketization of DES will indeed support its objective of improving employment outcomes for people with disability.


This research was carried out to determine the effect of chitosan concentration in synthesising crosslinked tripolyphosphate (TPP) macropore beads on turbidity, dye content, and Chemical of Demand (COD) Sasirangan wastewater. Macroporous chitosan-TPP beads were synthesised from chitosan solution with various concentrations of 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% and added NaHCO3 as a porogen, then dripped into 0.75% tripolyphosphate solution. It was further interacted with Sasirangan wastewater by adsorption method with its effect analysed by using the turbidity value, dye content, and COD. The results showed that beads with a 3% chitosan concentration were the most effective in reducing the turbidity, dye content, and COD value. Furthermore, using a more than 3% chitosan concentration indicates reduced effectiveness. Macroporous Chitosan-TPP beads were able to produce a decrease in turbidity, dye content and COD by 81.21%, 55.44%, and 59.37%.


ensures adequate specimen volume and appropriate handling, along with utilisation of appropriate identification methods. Peptostreptococcus and Parvimonas spp. grow very slowly on traditional blood containing agar, but growth is supported at 35–37°C in a 10% CO2 environment. The use of newer molecular methods, such as 16S rRNA sequencing, can be helpful but cannot determine antimicrobial susceptibility. Parvimonas spp. may exhibit resistance to antimicrobials commonly used to treat periodontal infections, but it would appear that betalactam/ betalactamase inhibitor combinations and clindamycin usually have reliable activity de novo (notwithstanding the unusual pattern of extensive antimicrobial resistance with our second case). Good outcomes in spinal infections have been seen with surgical debridement where necessary, and i.v. with or without oral therapy from 4 to 12 weeks (present cases and Leder and Barlam, Papasian et al., Uemura et al., and Frat et al.), including one case treated successfully using 4 months of oral clindamycin alone.


Recent machine translation technology has achieved the level where several systems are in daily use. Conventional approaches to system enhancement are mostly aimed at handling written text such as technical documents, which mainly contain assertive sentences. However, dialogue utterances involve various kinds of intention expressions, and are often fragmentary, depending on the situation. To improve conventional systems so that they can translate these utterances, translation examples of both situation dependent expressions and idiomatic expressions for etiquette must be flexibly applied. Conventional technology is not completely satisfactory because conventional analytic methods cannot give a unique structure from which a target sentence can be easily generated in a systematic manner. The author addresses the problem of both dialogue translation technologies and speech translation.


A successful research career hinges as much on a scientist's ability to secure funding as it does on the scientist's skills at the bench, in the clinic, or in statistical analyses. Much postgraduate training focuses on the later elements and gives short shrift to the earlier ones. This article attempts to fill that gap by discussing a pivotal element of the funding process: preparing effective grant applications. In addition to discussing the fundamental features of the pivotal sections of a standard National Institutes of Health (NIH) R-series application (see "Types of Grant Programs" on the Web site of the NIH Office of Extramural Research for a complete list of NIH-sponsored grant programs1), the sections below outline measures preliminary to the actual grant writing process, rhetorical perspectives and tactics useful to grant writers, the NIH grant application review and scoring process, and the importance of revision and resubmission.

Grant applications (hereafter I often use the common shorthand "grant" to mean "grant application") are, of course, judged not only on the text, tables, and figures reviewed by the funding agency but also on everything that stands behind the document: the ideas, the researchers and their collective experience, and the researchers' host institutions. A successful grant must persuade reviewers that all of these bases have been covered and that the probability of delivering fruitful findings is high. Thus, a necessary preliminary step in planning any research project is to secure the enthusiastic support of department heads, deans, and managers. Demonstrating that the proposed research has institutional support (in the form of researcher time, support staff, physical space, access to necessary equipment, etc) reassures reviewers that the research will be nurtured in a propitious environment. Second, assembling the best team possible to prepare the grant and to accomplish the work is imperative. This …


PURPOSE: A non-halogen flame-retardant polypropylene resin composition is provided to improve anti- drip property and fire resistance. CONSTITUTION: A non-halogen flame-retardant polypropylene resin composition comprises 20-40 weight% of polypropylene-based resin, 15-40 weight% of rubber, 30-50 weight% of surface-coated phosphorous-based flame retardant, 0.1-5 weight% of silicon based additive, and 0.1-10 weight% of paraffin-based process oil. The polypropylene based resin is more than one kind selected from propylene homopolymer, ethylene-propylene random copolymer, and block copolymer. A melt index is 0.1-30 g/10 minutes(230 deg. Celsius, 2.16kg).


The band structures of several analogous superconducting A-15 type solid compounds, Nb3X (X=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb), have been calculated by use of the tight-binding method within the Extended Huckel approximation (EHT). By analysis of their energy bands, densities of states and crystal orbital overlap populations, the dependence of the superconducting transition temperatures (Tc) on the electronic structures and bondings is qualitatively elucidated.


Measurements of the anthropometric parameters, estimation of trochanter index (TI), definition of the organism constitutional type age-related evolution by V.G. Shtefko (1929) and S.G. Vasilchenko (1990) have been made on girls 16-17 years old. Considerable share (41%) of examined girls in the group has pathological type of the age evolution with TI values ≤1,85. The proportion of individuals with normal values TI or slightly deviating from normal (hypoevolutive, norm-evolutive, hyperevolutive types) is 25%. The percentage of persons with disharmonious development because of deficit and excess body weight is higher in extreme types of the age evolution. Excess body weight (body mass index more than 97 percentile) was observed only within the representatives of two extreme types of the age-related evolution with trochanter index values ≤1,85 and ≥2,09. Protein-energy malnutrition was registered only within the representatives from pathological type with trochanter index ≤1,85. 50% of girls have asthenic somatotype, 41% normosthenic somatotype, 9% hypersthenic somatotype. This correlation is independent from the age of evolution. Andromorphism decreases with increasing of the trochanter index, disappears completely within the individuals with norm-evolutive somatotype. Gynomorphic somatotype appears within the representatives with pathological type (TI > 2,09).


This paper describes the present development of China's geoid refinement, and puts forward the technical route, data processing and precision statistics determined by the quasigeoid of Shanxi Province.


Predictions of hydrodynamic performance of an air-lift reactor (ALR) have traditionally considered bulk gas and liquid phase characteristics. This study aims to present an alternative approach of modelling an ALR by estimating the energy input to the reactor and gas hold-up in the riser based on dynamics of individual bubbles. The bubbles have been assumed to rise in discrete layers in the riser having a diameter in equilibrium with the surrounding pressure. The model predictions of gas hold-up and liquid velocity in the downcomer for ALRs have been compared with the reported experimental data.


Abstract A number of studies demonstrate that quantitative teaching provides social science students with analytical and critical skills. Accordingly, the skills acquired during quantitative teaching are assumed to enhance students' progress in and after their degree. However, previous studies rely on subjective measures of students' evaluations of their skills. So far, no prior studies have examined whether the skills obtained through quantitative teaching can be transferred to an overall better performance at university. In order to address this gap, we use high-quality administrative records to examine the impact of quantitative teaching on undergraduate students' overall marks. The results show that students subject to additional quantitative teaching obtain significantly better marks throughout their studies. The evidence emphasizes the importance of methodological pluralism for social science students.


Abstract Fensulfothion, trichlonmate, "Dursban", and lindane were tested in two field trials against grass grub (Costelytra zealandica (White)) larvae in pasture, in comparison with DDT and diazinon. In one trial, with treatments applied in May, trichloronate was ineffective at rates up to 3 lbt per acre, and fensulfothion at 2 lb per acre gave only moderate effect. Sequential treatments were made with fensulfothion in the second trial. Application in March was highly effective, that in April was considerably less effective, and application in June was ineffective. It is suggested that the possible greater susceptibility to insecticides of second instar larvae (the predominant stage during, but not after, March) and their closer proximity to the soil surface than third instar larvae may account for this. "Dursban" and lindane applied in April were not effective in the year of application.


Small states in sub-Saharan Africa have grown more on average in the past decades than their larger counterparts and today have the four highest Gross National Investments (GNIs) per capita in the continent. The domestic markets of large and small sub-Saharan African countries are limited, and investments must be targeted to export markets to exploit economies of scale. Moreover, contrary to island states in the Caribbean and the pacific, small African states are on average not more exposed to natural disasters than their larger sub-Saharan counterparts. Meanwhile, a small population may actually be an advantage in the African context. This is because small size implies lower ethnic fractionalization, which is associated with stronger political and economic institutions. Strong governance and political stability are two of the key drivers of foreign direct investment in Africa, laying the foundation for high investment rates, economic diversification and the resulting impressive growth rates of several small African states.


Family caregivers of patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) face the challenge of demanding patients' care, in addition to their own daily tasks, which affect their well-being and quality of life (QoL). The aim of this prospective study was to assess and describe the QoL of family caregivers of ESKD patients at the beginning of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) and one year later.

 Sixty - two ESKD patients and their caregivers were recruited. Caregivers' QoL was assessed with the Short Form-36 questionnaire and EuroQol-5Dimension-3Level. QoL of caregivers and patients was measured twice, three months after initiation of KTR (T0) (53 patients started hemodialysis and 9 peritoneal dialysis) and after the first 12 months of KTR(T1), in order to investigate the possible changes of QoL during this crucial period.

 The mean value (Table 1) of caregivers' physical component summary (PCS) subscale was found to change significantly during study period (T0: M = 54.21, SD = 8.06 vs T1: M = 51.58, SD = 10.46, (t(61) = 2.02, p = .048). Caregivers presented a statistically significant decrease (p <.05) in physical health after one year of KRT. Likewise, the EQ-5D Index and the EQ-5D visual analogue scale (VAS) showed a statistically significant decline (p = .046 and p<.001 respectively). Finally, correlation of means of QoL dimensions between ESKD patients and their caregivers did not yield statistical significance in the particular longitudinal study.

 The results provide evidence that the overall caregivers' QoL scores deteriorated over the one-year period of KTR. Further studies of larger sizes and with a longer duration will probably better define the QoL variations of ESKD patients' caregivers. Both groups may be benefit from an educational program before patients initiate KTR.


In this paper we address the question of the relationships between visualization challenges and the representation components that provide solutions to these challenges. Our approach involves extracting such relationships through an identification of the context and the components of a significant number of representations and a comparison of the result to existing theoretical studies. To make such an identification possible, we rely on a characterization of the representation context based on a thoughtful aggregation of existing characterizations of the data type, the tasks and the context of use of the representations. We illustrate our approach on a use-case with examples of a relationships extraction and of a comparison of that relationships to the theory. We believe that the establishment of such relationships makes it possible to understand the mechanisms behind the representations, in order to build a representation design recommendation tool. Such a tool will enable us to recommend the components to use in a representation, given a visualization challenge to address.


Thirty-five pediatric patients, 1-16 years of age (median 6.3 years), with neoplastic solid tumors (n=32) or acute leukemia (n=3) underwent peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) harvest and transplantation at Children's Memorial Hospital between September 1992 and April 1997. A median of four phereses were performed on each patient. Blood samples from 34 of the 35 patients were harvested through existing double-lumen central catheters, using either a Fenwal CS-3000 or COBE Spectra pheresis machine. The pheresis procedures were well tolerated overall. A median of 3.7 x 10(6)/kg CD34+ cells were infused (range, 0.2-15.5 x 10(6)/kg), and all patients engrafted. The median time to an absolute neutrophil count >500/microL was 13 days (range, 9-44 days) and to a platelet count >20,000/microL was 21 days (range, 9-210 days). Two patients died from transplant-related complications. Patients were discharged from the hospital after a median of 22 days (range, 15-64 days). Twenty of the 35 patients are alive, 17 of whom remain disease-free with a median follow-up of 1144 days. According to this study, PBSCs can be successfully harvested and re-infused for marrow reconstitution after myeloablative therapy in children for a variety of pediatric malignancies with low morbidity and mortality.


This article publishes Roland Gori's answers to the questions put by the Revue du MAUSS semestrielle on the efficacy of the psychoanalysis about individual emancipation as a wider item. This text, particularly, highlights a Jungian perspective.


The article compares two printed versions of the short story 'The Power of the Devil' ['Vlast lukavogo'], written by the priest P. Bulgakov. The first publication of the story took place in China in 1907; the second edition was given the title 'Greed' ['Zhadnost'] and printed in Europe in 1923. The later edition was thoroughly revised: technical inaccuracies were corrected, several scenes cut short, expressive means added, and more profound conclusions drawn. These changes may indicate that the revision was in part supervised by the priest's nephew Mikhail Bulgakov, later a renowned writer. Pyotr Bulgakov taught theology at the Oriental Institute in Vladivostok, then the Japanese and Russian languages in Japan, where he served as priest for the Russian embassy; he also studied the influence of Christian philosophy on East and Southeast Asia, published papers on Japanese studies, and produced translations. The article touches on his relationship with M. Bulgakov's family.


Let be a completely nonselfadjoint dissipative Volterra operator acting in a separable Hilbert space whose resolvent has finite exponential type. Further, let , , and . In this article conditions are determined on the operator , the vector , and the sequence under which the family 0,$ SRC=http://ej.iop.org/images/1468-4802/77/1/A07/tex_sm_3431_img9.gif/>forms an unconditional basis in the space . Moreover, a new approach is considered for the problem of similarity of dissipative Volterra operators, based on a study of the basis properties of this system of vectors.Bibliography: 29 titles.


Objective: To describe patients followed at a referral service in pediatric endocrinology with the chief complaint of tall stature. Methods: Chart review of 1,980 patients evaluated from January 2003 to January 2007, being selected only individuals whose main complaint in the first consultation was tall stature. Results: 16 patients were selected (0.8%) and 12 of them fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for tall stature (height Z score for age-ZH/A>2). Seven (58%) patients were males. The age at the first evaluation ranged from 3 years and 4 months to 13 years and 3 months. The ZH/A ranged from 2.18 to 5.99 and the Z score for target height ranged from -1.10 to 1.24. Regarding the causes of tall stature: seven patients (58%) had familiar causes of tall stature, two (17%) had idiopathic tall stature (ITS), and three (25%) of them presented a pathologic cause (Marfan's syndrome in one and pituitary adenomas in two). In the other four patients, ZH/A varied from 1.86 to 1.98 and did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria for tall stature. In this group, the diagnoses were: idiopathic in two, familial in one and Weaver's syndrome in another patient. Conclusions: The distribution of etiologies of patients evaluated with the chief complaint of tall stature corresponds to the literature, in which familial cases constitute the primary cause. Although tall stature is not a frequent complaint, the investigation of these patients should be performed in a thorough way in order to early diagnose secondary causes, which constituted 25% of our study cases.


This research investigates the influence of client integrity and competence as well as firm and individual auditor differences on materiality estimates. In a laboratory setting, a case study was administered to 494 auditors (152 managers and 342 seniors) from five Big Six firms. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three client types: high integrity and competence, low integrity and competence, and a control group (no explicit evaluation of client integrity and competence). The results indicate that materiality estimates were influenced by: (1) client integrity and competence, (2) moral judgement, (3) auditor experience, and (4) the individual accounting firms.


An 84-year-old man was found to have macrocytic anemia with a hemoglobin concentration of 85 g/L and mean corpuscular volume of 127.0 fl. The white blood cell count was 3.6×10/L and the platelet count 134×10/L. The peripheral blood smear showed macroovalocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils. The bone marrow aspiration revealed normoblastic erythroid hyperplasia, Howell-Jolly bodies in normoblasts and giant metamyelocytes. In those normoblasts at each maturation stage, cytoplasmic bridges were noted at a high frequency (Picture 1A: normoblasts with HowellJolly body and cytoplasmic bridge. 1B: giant metamyelocyte. 1C and 1D: normoblasts with cytoplasmic bridge). Megaloblasts were rarely observed. The plasma vitamin B12 level was 62 pmol/L (reference range, 172-676) and folate 43 nmol/L (8-29). The anti-intrinsic factor and gastric parietal cell antibodies were both positive. Vitamin B 12 injection was started with a brisk increase in the reticulocyte count. Megaloblastosis resulting from "nuclear-cytoplasmic asynchrony" is the morphologic hallmark of pernicious anemia (PA) and a sign of ineffective erythropoiesis. In the present


Constant Modulus Algorithm(CMA) is only suited to balance the signals with modulus of the same value,but not suited to balance the high-order Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM) signals.Combined with the virtues of CMA and Decision-Directed(DD) algorithm,an improved mixed blind equalization algorithm had been presented.First,the improved algorithm would make the system eye open using the CMA+DD parallel algorithm,and then switch to the DD algorithm to further reduce the residual error.The simulation results indicate that the improved algorithm has a very fast convergence speed,as well as a very small residual error for high-order QAM signals,and constellation recovery plan is very tight.Meanwhile,the improved algorithm can correct phase,and trace channel.


Based on the latest research results on geological structure and earthquake in Lanzhou City, combined of the objective factors that collapses, landslides and debris flow disasters have been developing in the north and south piedmonts of Lanzhou urban areas during the process of urbanization and other serious threats to the city, by means of the existed classifications of topography and divisions of rocks and soils type, and according to the rules of similarity and differences for classifying the engineering geological conditions, the urban engineering geological conditions in Lanzhou City were studied by dividing the whole urban area into 3 kinds of zones of good, medium and poor rock-soil body stability and by further dividing them into six sub zones, with the conclusion that Yingmentan in Anning District and Cuijiadatan in Qilihe District are of good rock-soil body stability and their engineering geological conditions are also good; the places from Anningbao to Shilidian and from Zhigongyiyuan in Qilihe District to Wenhuagong are of medium rock-soil body stability, and they are also under medium engineering geological conditions and can be used as the focused development and construction areas in Lanzhou City in the future.


Alice McIntyre courageously embarked on an exploration of white racial identity with white student teachers in her book, Making Meaning of Whiteness. McIntyre's interpretive study stimulates renewed thinking on the complexities of race discourse in education; imaginably bringing comfort to readers with a degree of anxiety about race conversations in educational spaces. The theme of "discourse" was highlighted prominently in the book, and interwoven in ways that exploit how the author's participants made meaning of their "whiteness." Rather than rely on conventional notions of discourse to illustrate participant meaning making, McIntyre (1997) informs us that discourse is language that should be multidimensional, and something that can be "created, shaped, reproduced, and contested" (p. 172). In her genius, I sense that the author's reframing of discourse essentially forces the reader to think critically about ways to construct information across the intersections of racial identity, race, racism, and the meaning of whiteness. What I learned from researching McIntyre's background is that she is an accomplished educator, and has developed a niche as a researcher specializing in Participatory Action Research (PAR). In her book, she describes how she employed a PAR methodology with thirteen white undergraduate female student teachers; all whom were members of a teacher preparation program at a private northeastern university. Similar to the custom in which interpretive researchers rationalize their research design choices, McIntyre contended that PAR was an appropriate methodology for exploring how the participants in her study made meaning of their whiteness. She made clear that her study on whiteness was grounded in research literature on education; stating emphatically that much of the literature offers "new and improved suggestions for training teachers about multicultural education" (McIntyre, 1997, p. 18). Interestingly, the plethora of reviewed literature did not preclude McIntyre from bemoaning. She expressed discontent about the lack of ground-breaking "research into the relationship between white racial attitudes, beliefs, and how white teachers make meaning of whiteness and its relationship to multicultural education" (McIntyre, 1997, p. 18). Given her expression, one can reasonably intuit that McIntyre (1997) brushed off her dismay, and saw this research gap as an opportunity to reframe racial identity in her study as a social activity "that is constantly being created and recreated in situations" (p. 18). McIntyre's comment, however, is contrasting to the usual constructs of racial identity. She highlights per the literature how this construct is often entrenched within developmental models "consisting of statuses and various transitions to the formation of a healthy racial identity" (p. 18). McIntyre's study was guided by a feminist framework, an approach that views gender as "a basic organizing principle that shapes the conditions of [female] their lives" (Creswell, 2007, p. 26). This approach readily aligns with the author's aim in examining how white female student teachers make meaning of whiteness across their teacher training experiences. McIntyre's understanding of feminist research as transformative allowed her to strive toward an understanding of how white racial identity and whiteness shape educational practices. Consistent with PAR, McIntyre freely "joined" with her participants in a collaborative examination of white racial identity and whiteness. Her actions evinced how feminist research seeks to "place the researcher within the study so as to avoid objectification" (Creswell, 2007, p. 26). Notwithstanding the significance of communal discourse, this transforming process allowed McIntyre and her participants to view themselves as white; a relatively new phenomenon to most of the participants. In light of McIntyre's bonding with the participants, I would be remiss for not discussing her data collection strategy, which essentially legitimized meaningful discourse on whiteness. …


In recent years, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has been used to gain information about the conformation of an adsorbed polymer. However, the experimental techniques used make interpretation of th...


Drug activity in biological system initiates from the entrance of the chemi particle through the cell membrane. This depends on the symmetry of the molecule, charge distribution due to the substituent and its related lipophilicity. Statistical relationship between mentioned parameter (QSPR approach2) may serve as bioinformatics method to predict and estimate the activity of a hypothetical molecular system. Several excellent models for the capture of macromolecular sequence and structure data are available. Current thinking asserts that the biological action of a compound is predictable if its chemical components understood. Such modules can be initiated at basic level with increasing trend of innovative e-teaching technologies using various multimedia and computational tools for collection of authentic dispersed database at one corner. The present attempt is a step in this direction. The simplest molecule in this direction selected for study is barbiturates and its derivates. Here the concentration dependence of drug activity has been examined using log P (hydrophobicity/lipophobicity) ahead of Hansch hypothesis and the ∏ electron density of substituted molecule with drug activity. This study aims at variation in molecular dynamics, dipole moments, the molar volume and the Vanderwal interaction due to different substituent at 5a, 5b position of barbituric acid, methyl barbituric acid and their thio-barbiturates and their concomitant variation in the hydrophobic character or their motion through lipoidal membrane. If 3H –barbituric acid is being considered the substitution of allyl alkyl group show more favored lipophilicity thus rendering long active drug action but slower influence.To have a faster drug action 3-methyl substituted acid with allyl groups both in 5a and 5b position are expected to increase the drug action by at least 2–3 folds3. In case of allyl substitution the bulky gaps are more favorable to increase lipophilicity and thereby drug action. This type of data compilation along with the aid of new technology and tools of multimedia and computers i.e. Bio-chemi-informatics will be helpful to predict and estimate the biological behavior of any hypothetical drug/biological molecule.


This paper introduces the methods and steps for picking up ocean geographic information from an actual chart,conversing into reguested format and storing into ocean geographic information database.3D model database is established based on these databases.Therefore the 3D model database is setup according to 3D models.Finally,dynamic loading of entity model is realized.


There are many challenges that immigrants to new countries face. Complicating efforts to understand and research these challenges are any ingrained attitudes surrounding immigration and the vast differences in attitudes and levels of immigration in each country. Not every place is the
 same, nor are all immigrants the same, even if they come from the same country. This makes comparisons of what was successful in one place difficult to make. For example, a country like the US, which has a longer history of immigration may have more established systems and theories on immigration
 and integration than a country like Japan, where historically, immigration has been low. In the US, immigrants from China are considered to have been successful in thriving and creating a Chinese-American population, but the situation is very different for the increasing Chinese-Japanese population
 found in Japan. Assistant Professor Kohei Tsubota and Research Associate Lifeng Liu are focusing their research on the second-generation Chinese immigrant population in Japan, in particular how an immigrant child can overcome disadvantages in a society that has no immigrant integration policy,
 and also, how the disparity structure and gender inequality of Chinese society affect their educational attainment after coming to Japan.


Human fatigue is related to several factors, the ways to alleviate it are different, too. Traditional medical relief method can only from the perspective of one or a few alleviate human fatigue, and the effect is often poor. First, this paper studies the non-medical way of alleviating human fatigue. Then, this paper analyzes the defects of the products to alleviate human fatigue. In the end, this paper forecasts the design direction of products to alleviate human fatigue.


A multiple testing method for examining factorial invariance for latent constructs evaluated by multiple indicators in distinct populations is outlined. The procedure is based on the false discovery rate concept and multiple individual restriction tests and resolves general limitations of a popular factorial invariance testing approach. The discussed method controls the overall significance level and is associated with higher power than conventional multiple testing procedures. The procedure avoids the necessity to choose a reference variable in applications of latent variable modeling for testing factorial invariance. The outlined method permits location of factorial invariance violations, in addition to its examination for a given set of construct indicators, and is illustrated with a numerical example.


mental system which seemed to be very useful to evaluate the role of amino acid residues in the C-terminal part of RNase A. Whena C-terminal nonato tetradecapeptide were added to Des (119-124) RNase A, Des (120-124) RNase A, and Des (121-124) RNase A, the enzymatic activities of the mixture were regenerated. Stern and Doscher5) synthesized C-terminal tetradecapeptides containing Asp121 and Asn121, and the enzymatic activities of the complexes formed between these peptides and des (119-124) RNase A were measured with 2',3'-cyclic


The image of the family has changed rapidly in recent years. The traditional nuclear family exists concurrently with various other types of families. The term "family diversity" is used to refer to this phenomenon in the literature. The family environment is an important determinant that affects not only the pupil in his / her school environment, but also participates in the creation of the overall school climate. The success of the child / pupil is also determined by the level of family involvement in the pupil ́s learning since birth. The paper points out the importance of learning the family environment by teachers (or other professionals) and the importance of their mutual communication. The content is processed mainly for analysis of foreign sources.


Liquid-liquid extraction has great relevance within the separation processes, having its main application in the petrochemical and biochemical industry. Due to this, a tool was developed for academic purposes using Visual Basic language in order to measure the number of equilibrium stages needed to perform a separation of binary mixtures of immiscible liquids in an extractor column and a preliminary sizing for a mixer-settler. In addition, for the specific case of an agitated vessel, the power of the mixer, minimum rate of rotation and droplet size were calculated. In order to do that, a database was developed with some predetermined systems with distribution coefficient information, LLE data for various molar fractions, as well as density and viscosity data. As it is a program for academic purposes, the user was also given the choice to work with other systems that are not available on the database using the information inserted by him. The Kremser equation and mass balance in the liquid extraction column were used as the basis for calculating the number of equilibrium stages, while for the design parameters empirical equations obtained in the literature were used. The results achieved by the program were satisfactory and presented a relative error of 17% for the equilibrium stages calculated by the available data for ELL and 4,8% using the distribution coefficient, about 1% for the preliminary design and percentage errors in the range of 15% for the agitator power number and 1% for droplet size


Preliminary findings from an ongoing research study that systematically characterizes ground motion parameters and investigates the effects of near-fault vertical accelerations on the overall response of typical highway bridges will be presented. Nonlinear simulation models with varying configurations of an existing bridge in California are considered in the analytical study. A comprehensive set of ground motions with horizontal PGA in excess of 0.5 g and recorded within 15 km from the nearest fault were selected from the PEER NGA (Next Generation Attenuation) project. The selected ground motions are classified by source mechanism, fault distance, vertical to horizontal acceleration ratios, and other relevant ground motion measures. The simulation models were subjected to the selected ground motion set in two stages: at first, only horizontal components of the motion were applied; while in the second stage the structures were subjected to both horizontal and vertical components applied simultaneously. Important response measures were monitored to gain an insight into the effects of vertical acceleration on the inelastic response of typical ordinary standard bridges. The analytical simulations will provide a basis for investigating features of the ground motion that most significantly contribute to adverse effects from vertical accelerations. Findings from the study will contribute to the development of revised guidelines to address vertical ground motion effects, particularly in the near fault regions, in the seismic design of highway bridges.


Frailty is considered a high risk for falls, disability, hospitalization, and mortality in geriatric and certain chronic-disease populations. So, this study was planned to determine the prevalence of frailty phenotype in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Methods. 70 stable COPD patients were included in this study. Age, comorbidities (The FRAIL (Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness, and Loss of weight) scale, BODE index, and modified Medical Research Council dyspnea score (mMRC) were recorded. In addition, each patient performed the Six-minute walk test (6-MWT) and underwent a pulmonary function test. Results. Frailty was detected in 37.3% of studied patients. However, 43.1% were classified as pre-frail. The presence of frailty was not significantly associated with the age of studied patients (p = 0.7). Comorbidities were significantly associated with frailty (p = 0.009). Also, the BODE index was significantly higher among patients with frailty (p < 0.001). Frailty was significantly associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second, residual lung volume/Total Lung Capacity, and GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) classification of COPD (p = 0.001; p = 0.003; p = 0.003 respectively). Frailty was significantly associated with 6-MWD and Borg scale difference (Lowest 6-MWD, highest Borg scale difference were detected in frail patients (p = 0.008; p = 0.001). Conclusion. Frailty is frequent among COPD patients. The presence of frailty is related to disease severity and functional impairment. Evaluation of frailty should be considered as a part of COPD assessment in clinical practice.


The main objectives in the proposed project are the development of Zr-based alloy system and biomimetic, bioactive coatings. The objectives of the project may be summarized as follows:
1. Development of alloys of Zr-based system,
2. Biomimetic / sol-gel coating and sputter deposition of HA/Si-HA on Zr based substrate,
3. Mechanical properties will be evaluated of alloys and coating,
4. Cell adhesion /differentiation, biological tests to evaluate biocompatibility,
5. Comparison of coating with commercially available Ti-6Al-4V and stainless-steel (SS-316).


The paper presents some of the problems referring to the issue of gender gap when considering educational inequality with the focus on England. Interestingly, the problem of educational inequality or inequality as such has been the focus of researchers' attention for quite a while. However, there seems to be a lack of solid data allowing to draw better conclusions referring to the interconnections of gender and inequalities. There seems to be a general agreement that the problem of gender gap in educational environments is later negatively reflected on professional life and career. Yet, there is little research proving this belief right. The reasons behind the problem of gender and gender gap may be rooted in the complexity of the matter. It is rather difficult to precisely define and name everything that may and should be involved in a gender related research. It also seems to call for more psychologically oriented terms, which forms yet greater challenge for any sociologist. Calling upon the data present, researchers tend to interpret the same sets differently due to employing varying theories, which further muddles the issue of gender, gender gap and its possible relation to educational inequalities. The article is aimed at showing some of the aforementioned problems within the context of educational inequalities in England. It is merely an attempt calling professional circles if not policy writers, to take a step back and rethink the issue of gender inequalities within the context of education.


Using the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) we investigate the forward-backward asymmetries ( A FB ) in Λ b → Λ l + l − ( l = e, µ, τ ) in the quark-diquark model. This approach provides precise form factors that are different from those of QCD sum rules. We calculate the rare decay form factors for Λ b → Λ l + l − and investigate the (integrated) forward-backward asymmetries in these decay channels. We find that the integrated A lFB , ¯ A lFB (Λ b → Λ e + e − ) ≃ − 0 . 1371, ¯ A lFB (Λ b → Λ µ + µ − ) ≃ − 0 . 1376, ¯ A lFB (Λ b → Λ τ + τ − ) ≃ − 0 . 1053, the hadron side asymmetries ¯ A hFB (Λ b → Λ µ + µ − ) ≃ − 0 . 2315, the lepton-hadron side asymmetries ¯ A lhFB (Λ b → Λ µ + µ − ) ≃ 0 . 0827, the longitudinal polarization fractions ¯ F L (Λ b → Λ µ + µ − ) ≃ 0 . 5681.


In this paper, we consider interpolations based on polynomials satisfying a three-term recurrence relation. A number of different representations and algorithms for constructing such representations are discussed. Two new algorithms are presented: the first constructs the interpolation incrementally and can be used to update or downdate (i.e. add or remove a node) the interpolation. The second algorithm, which constructs the interpolation by decomposing the Vandermonde-like matrix iteratively yet can not be used to update or downdate an interpolation, is more numerically stable than the first algorithm and is more efficient when multiple interpolations are to be computed over the same set of nodes.


For designing new battery systems with higher energy density and longer cycle life, it is important to understand the degradation mechanism of the electrode material, especially at the individual particle level. Using in situ transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) coupled to a pouch cell setup, the inhomogeneous Li distribution as well as the formation, population, and evolution of inactive domains in a single LiCoO2 particle were visualized as it was cycled for many times. It is found that the percentage of the particle that fully recovered to the pristine state is strongly related to the cycling rate. Interestingly, we also observed the evolution of the inactive region within the particle during long-term cycling. The relationship between morphological degradation and chemical inhomogeneity, including the formation of unanticipated Co metal phase, is also observed. Our work highlights the capability of in situ TXM for studying the degradation mechanism of materials in LIBs.


In 1997, Conservation International held a conservation priority-setting workshop in Irian Jaya, Indonesia, bringing together government agencies and conservation organizations. The Mamberano Lake Basin region was identified as a high priority, and this volume offers a biodiversity assessment for the Yongsu-Cyclops Mountains and the southern portion of the Mamberano Basin, both tropical ecosystems that include well-known fauna such as tree kangaroos, cuscus, cassowaries, and many species of birds.


The emitter turn-off (ETO) thyristor is a new type of MOS-controlled thyristor that has a wide reverse-biased safe operation area (RBSOA) due to its unity-gain turn-off capability. Because of the negative feedback provided by the emitter MOSFET, the ETO also has current saturation capability. The forward biased safe operation area (FBSOA) of a small ETO is experimentally demonstrated. The results show that the small ETO has excellent current saturation capability that can be used to control the turn-on di/dt. Issues related to realizing a large area ETO's FBSOA are discussed.


Deceleration and trapping of polar molecules using time-varying electric fields is described. Decelerated ND3 and OH molecules are trapped in an electrostatic trap, slow beams of ammonia are injected in a storage ring and have also been used for testing micro-structured optical elements and for high-resolution spectroscopy. Alternate gradient deceleration and AC electric trapping of ground-state molecules is discussed.


A pair of normal siamangs at the Zurich Zoo had recently a viable first-born with a large supernumerary digit on the ulnar side of each hand and on the tibial side of each foot. No other anomalies cou


Integration of Renewable Energy resources and FACTS devices with the grid helps in reducing operating cost and power loss. In this paper a probabilistic technique for incorporating solar and wind energy resources is utilized which gives the futuristic output of these sources. Further, Static Economic Dispatch is implemented on a South Indian 86 bus system which schedules the thermal generators while minimizing the operating cost. Static Economic Dispatch is carried out for the case studies before and after incorporating FACTS devices using Dragonfly algorithm and the results are compared.


In CDMA communication systems, in order to decrease the influence on reception performance resulted from incorrect decision of the interference users' information bits in parallel interference cancellation (PIC) process, a recurrent neural network based on Hebb learning rule is designed and applied to adjusting interference cancellation factors (ICF) in partial parallel interference cancellation (PPIC) multiuser detection. Simulation results show that the proposed Hebb-PPIC detection has strong anti-MAI ability and its performance of bit error rate (BER) is improved on the basis of conventional PIC in both conditions of ideal power control and "near-far" scenario


Following aspiration of 0.1N hydrochloric acid with pH 1.0, 20 mongrel dogs were ventilated mechanically for four hours. Positive end-expiratory pressure of 10 cm H 2 O was added continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV). In addition to CPPV, ten of the dogs received methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg body weight). The CPPV improved arterial oxygen tension, decreased venous admixture, increased arterial-venous oxygen content difference, and decreased systemic blood pressure. The addition of methyl-prednisolone did not significantly improve oxygenation, survival, or any other variable measured.


In this paper, an improved ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed to enhance the performance of global optimum search. The strategy of the proposed algorithm has the capability of fuzzy pheromone updating, adaptive parameter tuning, and mechanism resetting. The proposed method is utilized to tune the parameters of the fuzzy controller for a real beam and ball system. Simulation and experimental results indicate that better performance can be achieved compared to the conventional ACO algorithms in the aspect of convergence speed and accuracy. Keywords—Ant colony algorithm, Fuzzy control, ball and beam system.


Background: The Orizaba Health Region, in Veracruz, Mexico, has hosted the research programme of the Consorcio Mexicano contra la Tuberculosis since 1995. Methods: The objective of this retrospective case study conducted in 2009 was to describe and explain the evolution and outcomes of the stakeholder and community engagement activities of the Consorcio . Recorded interviews and focus groups were coded to identify major themes related to the success of stakeholder and community engagement activities. Results: The Consorcio successfully managed to embed its research program into the local public health infrastructure. This integration was possible because the core research team tailored its engagement strategy to the local context, while focusing on a large spectrum of stakeholders with various positions of authority and responsibility. The overall engagement strategy can be described as a three-pronged endeavor: building a "coalition" with local authorities, nurturing "camaraderie" with community health workers, and striving to be "present" in the lives of community members and participants. Conclusions: The Consorcio 's efforts teach valuable lessons on how to approach stakeholder and community engagement in tuberculosis (TB) research, particularly in developing countries. Furthermore, the health outcomes reveal stakeholder and community engagement as a potentially under-tapped tool to promote disease control.


What if you went to the public library and you were only allowed to check out books from one shelf — and all the books had to be in the same category? Such limited access would prohibit you from finding, and using, the information you needed.