. Flooding commonly occurs in the low-lying areas of Charleston peninsula given its geographic location along the Atlantic coastline and its environmental history of filling marshes for development. These floodwaters funnel different types of urban pollutants into the coastal waters. Contaminants such as heavy metals and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are known to be present in stormwater runoff, but the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in the floodwater is unknown. The goal of this study is to assess the public and environmental health risks associated with floodwater. Floodwater was collected during rainfall and/or high tide events to assess the presence of ARB under different conditions. Our preliminary results confirm the presence of high concentrations of FIB (fecal coliforms, E. coli, and enterococcus) in the floodwaters of the Charleston peninsula. Tidal floodwater contained higher FIB compared with stormwater runoff. Trace metals commonly associated with floodwater were also analyzed in these samples. Multiple flood-prone locations on the peninsula were sampled to represent urban floodwater. Floodwater from some of our sites confirmed the presence of ampicillin and amoxicillin-resistant bacteria. Trace metals of concern (e.g., Zn) were present in all floodwaters, but their concentrations depended on the source of stormwater or tidal floodwater. The presence of ARB in floodwater will be of concern to the local communities as they are routinely exposed to these floodwaters leading to poor health outcomes. Additionally, the increase in coastal flooding events is exacerbated by climate change impacts. Explorer. Bathymetric mapping using multibeam sonar has provided seabed geomorphology and potential habitats. Geologic features encountered on the Blake Plateau's carbonate platform include deep-sea coral mounds, elongate cliff-like scarps, and arc-shaped depressions. The Plateau is home to various underwater communities, including deep-sea corals that have aggregated to form hundreds of bioherms, or mounds, which provide habitat for many other benthic organisms. NOAA OER conducted Windows to the Deep 2019: Exploration of the Deep-Sea Habitats of the Southeastern United States to understand these communities better. In this study, the geomorphology of six locations with deep-sea coral mounds on the North-Central Blake Plateau was analyzed and compared with slope and backscatter intensity surfaces. Geomorphologic features found include scattered individual mounds and connected mound structures that form chains. Both mound morphologies were found on gently-sloping (<1°) seabed, occurring along and above a low-relief terrace. Individual and connected mounds in the northwest section of the study area have a depth range of 450 to 530 m, while those associated with the terrace in the southeast range 550 to 650 m. All mounds examined have flank slopes ranging 20 to 30°. magma mixing. Major elements (such as silicon, magnesium, and iron), trace elements (such as lanthanum and barium), and isotopes (such strontium, neodymium, and lead) were measured to evaluate the varying proportions of magmas from these two sources. Our preliminary results show evidence for the two melting processes both contributing to lavas erupted in the Lassen region. Harmful Algae Blooms (HABS) have been a recurring problem in Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron. These blooms continue to increase in occurrence, significantly impacting recreation, tourism, and the fishing industry. Monitoring of the water quality in Saginaw Bay is currently performed through site visits to predetermined locations. This approach is expensive, time consuming, and provides limited spatial and temporal information regarding the dynamics of the HABs across the bay. This study aims to evaluate the potential of using Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI) data for monitoring HABs in Saginaw Bay using chlorophyll-a as an index proxy. Atmospheric correction was applied to the Sentinel-2 MSI data using the Case 2 Regional Coast Color (C2RCC) atmospheric correction for enhanced retrieval of HABs from the remote sensing observation. Standard NASA Ocean Color algorithms (OC2, OC3, OC4, OC5, OC6) were tested using data collected during summers between 2016 and 2021. For optimal results, new OC algorithm coefficients that are specific for the Sentinel-2 sensor were obtained by fitting the relationship between corresponding field and satellite observations. The modified OC5, OC4, and OC3 algorithms produced R^2 = 0.71 and RMSE = 1.83%. OC6 produced similar results with slight improvement in performance (R^2 = 0.79, RMSE= 1.9%). These results demonstrate that a simple two-band linear based OC model is robust enough to retrieve chlorophyll-a, and hence effective for water quality monitoring using satellites that will effectively contribute to the prediction of HABs in Saginaw Bay. We re-examined building damage in Charleston, South Carolina using predicted earthquake ground motions from large earthquakes at the epicenter of the August 31, 1886 event. A previous study (Robinson and Talwani, 1983) noted minimal difference in brick building damage with respect to geologic site conditions during the 1886 earthquake. We used georectified 1884 Sanborn Fire Insurance maps and a building damage report keyed to these maps to locate and assess damage of residential and commercial brick structures. We used a previously developed damage scale (Miner, 2014) to assign a damage state for each of the building's walls. Of the 606 structures examined so far, 455 (75%) have at least minor damage and 110 (18%) major damage. For each structure we use predicted ground motions from magnitude 7 and 7.3 strike-slip earthquakes propagated through a 3-D VS model of Atlantic Coastal sediments plus a more detailed VS model of the top 30 meters (Cramer et al., 2020. Our primary result is that ground motions vary very little in our study area. There are weak trends in ground motion as a function of damage intensity, but they are different for the M7 and M7.3 scenarios. For the M7 event PGA increases but 0.3/1.0 sec SA decrease with increasing building damage. For the M7.3 event 0.3 sec SA increases but PSA/1.0 sec SA decrease with increasing building damage. Thus it appears the nonlinear behavior of the Atlantic Coastal sedimentary structure outweighed local near surface site effects during the strong ground motion in 1886. Moana: Exploring Deep Waters off Hawaii to identify deep-sea coral and sponge communities and relate these findings to the area's geomorphology. Karin Seamount Range has a linear configuration composed of flat-topped seamounts and peaked ridges. Three main study sites were examined - Karin Guyot, Karin Ridge, and Southeast Seamount. The sites exhibited steep, rocky-embankments consistent with the presence of deep-sea corals. Operations utilized the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer's multibeam sonar deep water mapping system and high definition video collected during EX1504 Leg 4 by the ROV Deep Discoverer. In 2015, EX1504L4-Dive 10 was made along a Karin Seamount guyot. Diverse coral and sponge aggregations were observed at depths greater than 1,800 m in association with smooth pillow lava formations and sparse sediments. In 2017, EX1706-Dive15 revealed a hard-bottom substrate composed of abundant aggregations of corals and sponges located at a max depth of 2027 m. An analysis was conducted to determine the geomorphological characteristics that potentially support various benthic habitats. Subsequent results were summarized through approximation of deep-sea coral aggregations along Karin Seamount. High rates of coastal erosion coupled with increasing rates of relative sea-level rise (RSL) endanger cultural resources along open-ocean and estuarine coastlines. Within the dynamic environment of South Carolina's barrier islands, RSL threatens the shorelines and contributes to the marine transgression along the coast; eroding some areas and burying others. This study seeks to understand the preservation potential of terrestrial sites during the modern marine transgression in a mixed-energy barrier island system. The study area is located 40-km south of Charleston, South Carolina (USA). In 2016, LiDAR imagery discovered two late-Archaic shell rings on Pockoy Island, a small (1-km by 0.2-km) hammock island. Historically isolated in the marsh, the region has seen erosion rates from 7.5 m/yr, with as much as 23 m/yr recently. Initially positioned 1 km inland from a transgressive barrier, the most seaward shell ring on Pockoy was lost to erosion in 2021. Nearshore geophysical surveys were collected in summer 2021 to better understand preservation potential of shell rings during a transgression. Sidescan sonar mosaics (14-km2), sediment grab samples, and chirp subbottom surveys (160 km) were used to map offshore shallow stratigraphy from the low tide shoreline to the 1851 shoreline position, approximately 1-km offshore. Within the chirp data, abundant buried tidal channels matching historic maps were identified, as were buried paleochannels that existed prior to historic records. Evidence of shell rings was not found in either the nearshore or offshore seafloor, though paleochannel structures were well preserved over the last several decades of marine transgression. high of rainfall County. Our high resolution watershed information for Charleston County. Our goal is to classify and label watersheds approximately 20-acres in size in Charleston County. A watershed is an area characterized by all runoff being to the same outlet or body of water. We are categorizing the watersheds with information on the direction of water-flow, land-use data, and relationship with larger bodies of water to create high resolution rainfall runoff maps. The watersheds currently defined by are too large and would yield less accurate flooding predictions. This research will increase the resolution and usability of the ra


Haematuria is a known symptom of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and most renal diseases including sickle cell nephropathy. Dipstick urinalysis can detect haematuria buturine sediment microscopy confirms haematuria. The objective of this study is to correlate between dipstick urinalysis and urinary sediment microscopy in detecting haematuria in children with SCA. Urine samples were collected from 272 children (aged 6 months to 15 years) with SCA, both in steady state and in crisis. The urine samples were analysed using dipstick urinalysis and urinary sediment microscopy. Presence of ≥1+ blood in the urine on dipstick urinalysis or of ≥2+ red blood cells on urine sediment microscopy is considered significant haematuria.The mean age of the 272 children with SCA was 6.4 ±3.9 years. There were 156 (57.4%) males and 116 (42.6%) females (male to female ratio of 1.3: 1). There were 185 (68.0%)in steady state and 87 (32.0%) in SCA crisis. The prevalence of haematuriaon dipstick urinalysis was 4.4%while that on urine sediment microscopy was 8.8%. Haematuria was not associated with age, gender and social class. Haematuria on dipstick urinalysis did not significantly differ from haematuria on urine sediment microscopy. There was a direct positive correlation for haematuria found on dipstick urinalyses and at urine sediment microscopy among children with SCA both in crisis and in steady state. Dipstick urinalysis is therefore a preferred screening tool for detecting haematuria in children with SCA because it is cheap and easy to carry out.


Background:
 Diagnostic delay is common among patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Hypertensive heart disease is a known echocardiographic mimic of cardiac amyloidosis, with greater prevalence among African Americans than among Caucasians. The association between hypertension and clinical outcomes in patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis is not known.

 Objective:
 We sought to determine the association between a known diagnosis of hypertension and all-cause mortality in African Americans and Caucasians with suspected cardiac amyloidosis.

 Methods:
 We identified 230 patients who underwent cardiac biopsy for suspected cardiac amyloidosis at our institution between 2000-2018. Clinical and demographic data were obtained from the medical record. Echocardiograms performed at the time of cardiac biopsy were interpreted by study personnel. All-cause mortality was assessed using the Social Security Death Index.

 Results:
 Among 230 patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis, hypertension was more common among African Americans (71 of 91, 78%) than among Caucasians (73 of 139, 52%). Over a median follow-up period of 4.5 months, the all-cause mortality rate was higher among Caucasians with hypertension (67%) than Caucasians without hypertension (42%, p= 0.048). There was no difference in all-cause mortality rate among African Americans with and without hypertension (47.8% vs. 50%, p=0.903). Among Caucasians, those with hypertension had increased posterior wall thickness, relative wall thickness, and interventricular septal thickness as compared to those without hypertension (p<0.01 for all). There were no significant differences in these parameters among African Americans with and without hypertension (p>0.05).

 Conclusions:
 Hypertension and the hypertensive echocardiographic phenotype are associated with all-cause mortality in Caucasians but not African Americans with suspected cardiac amyloidosis. Additional study is needed to understand the differential effects of hypertension on clinical outcomes by racial category in patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis.


Early blight of tomato incited by Alternaria solani is an economically significant disease especially in commercial tomato cultivation under greenhouse and field conditions. Since, A. solani is a shy sporulator, the present investigation was taken to assess the optimum in vitro conditons for growth and sporulation of early blight pathogen. Ten A. solani isolates obtained from diseased leaf samples collected different crop growing areas of India were used in the present study. The effect of different incubation periods, fluorescent light, cold-water treatment and media were evaluated. Our results revealed maximum sporulation of A. solani on tomato fruit extract agar medium (TFEA) under continuous light for 7 days at 25 0 C, followed by cold-water treatment and further incubated in darkness at 20 0 C for 48 h. The sporulation of test pathogen was however sparse on V-8 juice agar. Further, the A. solani isolates on V-8 juice agar did not respond to the treatments imposed. Among the isolates, JAS (Jhajjar) isolate, that is more versatile in its ability to produce spores recorded irregular margin with abundant aerial mycelium.


The cause for the break-out in No.2 slab caster at No.3 steel plant of SISG is analyzed in light of equipment and process,and corresponding precautions are put forward against the fault in the article,which would provide a useful guideline for slab production in the future.


We present evidence of starch grains from various wild plants
on the surfaces of grinding tools at the sites of Bilancino II
(Italy), Kostenki 16-Uglyanka (Russia), and Pavlov VI (Czech
Republic). The three sites suggest that vegetal food processing
was a common practice in Europe from at least 30,000 years ago.


Based on the survey of 126 rural entrepreneurs,the effect of social capital on venture financing of rural entrepreneurs was analyzed,and the gender difference between male and female entrepreneurs was discussed in this article. It was found that the effect of social capital on venture financing of rural female start-up was more remarkable than males. It was improved that the probability of credit supporting increasing with the expanding of social network,and the participation of society activities and organizations by the rural female entrepreneurs.


Facebook provides adolescents with multiple opportunities to self-disclose information about themselves, one of the most prominent ones being a status update. This qualitative study expanded on existing research related to adolescent self-disclosure on Facebook by exploring ten adolescents' experiences of self-disclosing on a Facebook status when upset or distressed. Using thematic analysis, prominent themes emerged which included the decision making process in making such a post, concerns of privacy, impacts on peer relationships, perceptions and feelings of others, sense of community and support systems. Limitations of the study, clinical implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.


The petroleum industry is usually divided into three major components: Upstream,midstream and downstream.Oil companies,not only International Oil Companies(IOCs) with long history but also new emerging National Oil Companies(NOCs),playing an important role in the world petroleum industry,have been implementing a common strategy of the integration of upstream and downstream business.But,it was not easy for oil companies to form their integrated business structure or the industrial chain,and most of them had to make necessary adjustment for adapting the environment changes.Chinese oil companies may learn a lot from the experience of the world major oil companies' integrated development strategy.


The globe ecological environmental problems bring a big influence to humankind and city, and the development of city brings a big influence to the globe ecological environment too. This paper discusses the phenomenon and characteristics of the globe ecological environmental problems, and brings forward the replied strategy for urban planning from the point of conception.


Having a cooking space using steam and sealed forced air heated oven can also be provided in combination at least one radiant heating plate, the radiant heating plate is arranged directly exposed to the contained food, thereby allowing browning special occasions and barbecue additional heating operation or enhancement.


The Future of English? takes stock of the present, apparently unassailable, position of English in the world and asks whether we can expect its status to remain unchanged during the coming decades of unprecedented social and economic global change. The book explores the possible long-term impact on English of developments in communications technology, growing economic globalisation and major demographic shifts. The Future of English? examines the complex mix of material and cultural trends which will shape the global destiny of the English language and concludes that the future is more complex and less predictable than has usually been assumed.


The adsorption in fixed bed of activated carbon is one the most important alternatives to the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOC s) in aqueous effluents at low concentrations. The objective of this work is the development of a methodology to evaluate the performance of adsorbents in a pilot plant to be used in the design of fixed bed adsorption units. It was carried out experiments, at ambient temperature, for acquisition of the breakthrough curves in the adsorption of toluene from an aqueous stream, in a fixed bed of granular activated carbon. The experiments were performed in a pilot plant that is provided with jacketed column with 20 mm of inner diameter. The fixed bed was formed by a previously prepared commercial activated carbon (8 x 12 mesh). Different depths of bed and flow rates were tested, keeping the feed concentration around 50 ppm. This unit is equipped with an on-line UV detector, allowing the measurement of the VOC in the effluent stream. It, also, has modules for the acquisition of temperature, flow rate and differential pressure data. Concomitantly, it was carried out tests to characterize the solid adsorbent, such as ash and moisture contents, density, porosity and surface area and to obtain parameters needed in the modeling of the adsorption process. The estimation of the mass diffusivity and the mass transfer coefficient in the solid phase were done through kinetic test data. The developed methodology can be applied in future studies of removal of other contaminants with different adsorbents.


Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely used in the photodegradation of organic contaminants and wastewater treatment in recent years. However, the mechanism of photocatalytic reaction on TiO2 surfaces is still poorly understood, especially for the reactions under real environmental conditions. In the present study, the sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy, a surface-specific tool, has been employed to in situ study the dissociation and photooxidation reaction of CH3OH on TiO2 thin film, which served as a model system of photooxidizing organic compounds. The experimental results show that mixing O2 with CH3OH promotes more CH3OH dissociation to produce CH3O, and UV light can not only induce CH3OH dissociation to CH3O but also generate large nonresonance. To mimic the photodegradation process of organics, removing methoxy on the TiO2 thin film has been investigated under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. We have observed two types of methoxy, photocatalytically reactive under both conditi...


An educational design investigation was carried out with a group of 30 first semester students from a public high school, 20 women and 10 men between 15 y 16 years old participated. The objective was to analyze the performance of critical thinking skills: evaluation and taking position on the issue of violence in adolescent partner relationships through a case study in electronic e-case format. For this purpose, this research was designed under a mixed method educational design methodology. The results show that the e-case raised the possibility that the students questioned their ideas regarding a relationship with violence tinges, identifying pros and cons, managing to generate a range of solutions for the dilemma exposed in the case narrative. Thus, promoting the transformation of traditional receptive paradigms generating critical skills in students.


A 73-year-old man with diabetes mellitus developed orbital apex syndrome. Initially, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not show any abnormalities. After 2 months, MRI showed an enhanced lesion of the sinuses (Fig. 1a). Sphenoid sinus biopsy revealed Aspergillus, and genetic testing using embedded slices confirmed Aspergillus fumigatus. He was diagnosed with invasive sinus aspergillosis. Although antifungal therapy was administered, his condition progressively deteriorated over 14 months. In addition to Aspergillus meningoencephalitis, he developed right internal carotid artery aneurysm (Fig. 1b), and right middle and posterior cerebral artery infarction (Fig. 1c). This case demonstrated two important issues. First, multiple cranial nerve disturbances should be investigated repeatedly. Second, although Aspergillus infection causes various neurological complications, simultaneous occurrences of


Rolling contact fatigue tests were performed on specimens containing spheroidal inclusions to clarify the effect of the orientation of inclusions, and the results were compared with those of specimens containing stringer‐shaped inclusions. For all types of inclusion, cracks first formed on the rolling surface and then propagated in the depth direction, and an internal crack parallel to the rolling surface formed from the deepest point of the vertical crack, which led to flaking. The flaking life of the specimens with spheroidal inclusions was longer than that of the specimens with stringer‐shaped inclusions, where the initiation and propagation lives of cracks were affected by the inclusion shape and size. The surface crack initiation life was shorter for specimens with longer surface inclusions, whereas the crack propagation life decreased with the depth of surface inclusion. The greater the scatter of the size of inclusions, the greater the scatter of flaking life.


We prepared PtMnSb/NiMnSb multilayer films using a dual-type rf magnetron sputtering method. The multilayer period was designed in the range from 20 Å to 200 Å. The X-ray diffraction data showed the existence of compositional and structural modulations. [111] texture of the Clb-type structure with a preferred orientation normal to the film plane was found. The satellite peaks due to the multilayer periodicity appeared around the [111] peak, and the peak intensities were explained from a step model. The Kerr rotation angles at 633 nm wavelength decreased with decreasing multilayer period.


"Fleeting Cities: Imperial Expositions in Fin-de-Siecle Europe." Alexander C. T. Geppert. Palgrave Macmillan. October 2013. --- In this book, Alexander C. T. Geppert considers how modernity was created and displayed at imperial expositions held in fin-de-siecle London, Paris and Berlin. Focusing on five such expositions – the Berliner Gewerbeausstellung (1896), the fifth Parisian Exposition Universelle (1900), the Franco-British Exhibition in London (1908), the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley (1924/25), and the Exposition Coloniale Internationale in Paris (1931) – this book focuses on their specific aims and aspirations, evolving forms and execution, and the public debates they engendered. Sophie Franklin finds this book an ambitious and engaging study that also provides a fresh close reading of the contemporary impact and urban legacy of the complex network of exhibitions.


Eastern (U.S.) oil shale retorting is examined through Fischer Assay material and carbon balances and associated product and by-product characterization on samples from a single oil shale core taken from Madison County Kentucky. Recognizable stratigraphic units in the core include the Mississippian Sunbury Shale and the Devonian oil shale, which is further divided into the Cleveland Member, Three Lick Bed and Huron Member. Modified Fischer Assay conditions were employed to pyrolyze the samples. Raw and spent shale, oil, and gas composition data were acquired with oil and gas yield information being correlated to the raw shale geochemistry. The results provide insight into the retorting characteristics of eastern (U.S.) oil shale and illustrates similarities and differences relative to internal stratigraphic division and to western (U.S.) oil shales. Linear relationships were derived between modified Fischer Assay oil yields and organic carbon (r = 0.99) and hydrogen (r = 0.96). Oil yield varied with depth from 5.0 to 19.0 gal/ton. Carbon partitioning into spent shale, oil, and gas was similar for the entire core and was not influenced by grade or stratigraphic interval. Oil density was found to vary from 0.877 to 0.932 while the total heating value of the gas ranged from more » 570-963 BTU/SCF. Total gas volume did not relate to total raw shale carbon and only margina organic carbon. The amount of H/sub 2/S in the linearly related to the % S in the raw shale (r = 0.94). « less


Since the first reportal on decamethylcucurbit[5]uril (Me10Q[5]) in 1992, substituted cucurbit[n]urils have attracted considerable research interest. In this study, the host–guest modes between the tetramethyl cucurbit[6]uril (TMeQ[6]) as a host and 4-chloroaniline and 4,4′-diaminostilbene (G1 and G2) as guests were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR, ITC, UV-Vis spectrum, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analyses. The experimental results showed that TMeQ[6] formed a 1 : 1 inclusion compound with G1, and the carbonyl portal of TMeQ[6] formed a 1 : 1 self-assembly with G2. Further, multi-dimensional supramolecular frameworks were formed driven by weak interaction forces in the system (hydrogen bonding, C–H⋯π interactions, ion–dipole interactions, and dipole–dipole interactions).


When we build software must consider that this is not an easy task, especially if its complexity is high. To succeed in developing software should have a high commitment of the development team, expensive resources, highly trained specialists and processes and increasingly formal methods. The models at different levels of abstraction arise in order to expedite the process of building software, which is focused movement on the use of models at different levels of abstraction. There are some important proposals in this regard those as Model Driven Architecture and Model Driven Software Development .This paper reviews the literature about these two proposals. Describe the fundamental principles aimed at shaping the theoretical basis of the two proposals and the main tools that implement model-driven development for mobile application development work. Describe the fundamental principles aimed at shaping the theoretical basis of the two proposals and the main tools that implement model-driven development for mobile application development work. Also analyzed the importance of Metamodels and possible transformations to generate auto code.


Four kinds of quality fraction(5%,10%,20%,30%)cobalt acetate is mixed into ZnO nanotetrapods raw materials,surface-modified ZnO nanotetrapods are prepared by the sonochemical marinate method.The phase structure,morphology of surface-modified ZnO nanotetrapods are investigated by XRD and TEM.The result indicates that along with the increase of cobalt acetate,Co3O4 phase appears clearly and deposits on the surface of ZnO.Surface-modified ZnO nanotetrapods is fabricated with the thick film gas element.Comparing to pure nano-ZnO,5%cobalt acetate qualityt fraction sample has high sensitivity to ethanol and methanol,and the influence of surface-modified on gas sensitivity is discussed.


The demand for Electric Vehicles (EVs) has increased during the last years, especially after the peak oil prices experienced in the year 2008. In spite of, in general, EVs being associated to a cleaner and more efficient mobility, the benefits of substituting conventional Internal Combustion Vehicles (ICVs) by EVs must be evaluated. In this regard, in the present paper, it is compared the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of two different vehicles technologies, an EV equipped with lithium-ion battery and a gasoline ICV. The evaluation is performed according to a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach, making use of a parametric model developed in a Microsoft Excel platform. The results of the evaluation performed show that, for the different scenarios assumed, the EV is the one that presents the lower LCA energy consumption and CO2 emissions.


In many cases single yarns do not fulfill the requirements necessary for the production of certain types of textiles. At the same time, they do not have most of the characteristics that are important for textile production with outstanding quality parameters. Therefore, the twisting process is employed to produce twisted yarns which can be used to produce fabrics for various applications. The breaking properties of twisted yarn depend on the strength of the component yarns, the number of strands, the twisting amount, the friction forces between the yarns, as well as on the twisting method used. The use of known parameters of twisted yarns determines the relations defining their breaking force. The breaking force is here defined as a function of the breaking forces of the component yarns, the number of yarns twisted in the yarn, and their angle to the twisted yarn axis. In addition, based on experimental results and the theorethical equations, real mathematical relations were established which can serve to project the breaking forces of ring and rotor twisted yarns obtained by the method of double layer twisting. This will simplify and improve the technical preparation of the weaving process.


A joint apparatus with a separation preventing ring is provided to absorb impact caused due to a different settlement, thermal expansion, and surface load after jointing of pipes. A joint apparatus comprises a mounting groove(110), a holding member(120), and a separation preventing ring. The loading groove is formed on an inner surface of a socket portion(100). The holding member is arranged in the mounting groove, and has an inner surface with a tilt surface(121) formed in the direction of insertion of a pipe(20). The separation preventing ring is arranged to be slidable along the tilt surface of the holding member. The holding member has a control rim(122) formed at the side where the pipe is fitted. The tilt surface of the holding member is connected to the control rim.


The future cargo transportation and traffic volume on container in Gwangyang port was forecasted by using univariate time series models in this research. And the container ship traffic was produced. The constructed models all were most adapted to Winters` additive models with a trend and seasonal change. The cargo transportation on container in Gwangyang port was estimated each about 2,756 thousand TEU and 4,470 thousand TEU in 2011 and 2015 by increasing each 7.4%, 16.2% compared with 2007. The volume per ship on container was estimated each about 675TEU and 801TEU in 2011 and 2015 by increasing each 30.3%, 54.6% compared with 2007. Also, traffic volume on container incoming in Gwangyang Port was prospected each about 4,078ships and 5,921ships in 2011 and 2015.


Cohesive sediment suspended in natural waters is subject not only to transport and deposition processes but also to reactions of flocculation, \textit{i.e.} aggregation of fine particles, and breakup of aggregates. Although aggregation and breakup occur at small and very small length scales compared to transport and deposition, flocculation can effectively have an impact on the large scale as well. Some phenomena that are correlated to (or find roots in) flocculation reactions are, for instance, coastal morphodynamics, pollutant and contaminant transport and deposition, and sedimentation in rivers, estuaries, lakes, canals, harbours and water basins in general. Water environments accommodate a variety of societal functions, like navigation and fish culture, provide the potable water supply and serve the industrial and waste water processes demand. At the same time, natural waters also bear several ecosystem functions that are essential for a healthy environment. The complicated balance between human need and ecosystem safeguard is one of the rationales for studying flocculation of suspended sediment in natural waters. The specific focus of this thesis is directed towards the genesis of flocs by flocculation of cohesive sediment and the behaviour of a population of flocs in aqueous environments. Floc size distribution, floc structure and flocculation models are investigated in this thesis by means of three methods: experiments, mathematical analysis and numerical modeling. The experimental activity has been carried out in the settling column of the Laboratory for Environmental Fluid Mechanics, aimed at collecting information on the population of flocs under different conditions of turbulence intensity. An optical system dedicated to collect images at scales comparable to the floc size has been designed and coupled to the settling column. This has enabled an innovative sight on the properties of a suspension of cohesive sediment, allowing the analysis of the floc size distribution and the structure of individual flocs. The images collected with the optical recording system are elaborated and analysed numerically to assess the properties of sediment flocs. First, the data have been processed to extract black-and-white images of individual flocs. Second, flocs have been characterised by means of several quantities, amongst which the size, fractal dimensions and disorder function. Third, statistics of the population have been calculated. This has been repeated for different experimental conditions. The result is an overall portrait of the time evolution of the floc size distribution, and of the response of a population of flocs to the turbulence field produced in the column at various intensities. In general we observe that flocs grow in time from a (nearly) monodisperse suspension of primary particles, developing a population distributed over a wider range of sizes. On the one hand (the large length scales), the population evolution appears to adapt to the forcing, the process that is coupled to a decrease in spatial entropy of the system and a reshaping of the floc size distributions into a more complex population. On the other hand (the small length scales), floc growth is accompanied by a decrease in fractal dimension and, at the same time, by an increase in geometrical complexity, \textit{i.e.} disorder. The analysis of floc structure and floc size distribution from the experimental results has given an innovative pulse to the modelling of flocculation of cohesive sediment suspensions by means of a new population balance equation. First, the floc structure has been implemented through a fractal model. Second, the population balance equation has been implemented for a full population of flocs. Third, different mechanisms of aggregation and breakup have been examined. The floc size distribution has been then compared with the experimental ones to evaluate the predictive skills of the model. The analysis of the results shows that the implementation of floc structure and kinematic processes at population scales enables a proper prediction capability of the model. The major innovative aspects of the present study are the characterisation of the geometrical structure of the flocs and the interaction among fractal aggregates within a population. This is the source of several considerations on the dynamics of cohesive sediment in particular and flocculating systems in general. However, this could not have been achieved without the experimental data obtained from the settling column, unique with respect to the length and time scales involved, the control parameters and the measuring techniques.


The results of in-vivo studies, in rats, revealed that the use of Quercetin in combination with Indomethacin highly reduced the risk of adverse reaction (gastric ulcerative effect) related to the peroral administration of the drug.  Gross observations and scanning electromicrographs of the mucous membrane and superficial cells of the stomach showed that the Quercetin reduced the damage of mucosal membrane and destruction of the gastric superficial cells presented under the mucous membrane.  The phys. and chem. compatibilities of a double blend of Indomethacin and Quercetin prepd. by solvent evapn. technique were confirmed using IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffractometer.  Also, the results showed that the presence of Quercetin in copptd. mixt. with Indomethacin does not affect the dissoln. characteristics of the drug.  The results suggest that a compatible blend from Indomethacin and Quercetin could be pharmaceutically formulated with the aim of reducing the gastrointestinal adverse effects of Indomethacin.


A Proof-of-Principle (PoP) Double Quarter Wave Crab Cavity (DQWCC) was designed and fabricated for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) luminosity upgrade. Vertical cryogenic test has been done in Brookhaven National Lab (BNL). We report the test results of this design.


By D. N. MAJUMDAR London, Asia Publishing House, 1962. 389 pp. 80s. This is a book not so much about Himalayan polyandry as about culture change in Jaunsar-Bawar, a sub-division of the Dun. The late Professor D. N. Majumdar, who was head of the Department of Anthropology at Lucknow University, had taken an interest in this area for twenty-five years during which he visited it repeatedly, spending a total of nearly five years there. He was helped by assistants who spent longer periods in the field. He and his team have produced a full and scholarly study of the social stratification, kinship structure, village organisation, family economy and religion of selected villages, with some evaluation of the Community Development work there. The interest for readers of Race lies in the long persistence in this isolated area of a sharp social separation between the conquering race and the descendants of a more primitive indigenous population whom they found. Those who today describe themselves as Brahmans and Rajputs (they were formerly Khasas) and who until recently owned all the land, are socially, and to some extent physically, distinguishable from the people of aboriginal stock who provide the artisans and landless labourers. Professor Majumdar suggests that some of the first waves of the Aryan-speaking invaders moved eastward between the high Himalayas and the plains, which were then impassable because of jungle and swamp, occupying the lower hills earlier than the plains. This is not the usual view. However this may be, there is no doubt of the division between the


Described are the electrochemical and 19 F NMR detection of anions, ion-pairs, and zwitterionic L-phenylalanine with the ferrocene-based hetero-ditopic receptor. A cyclic voltammetric study shows that the receptor induces a positive shift in the ferrocene oxidation potential upon binding of a potassium cation, whereas it induces a negative shift upon binding of an acetate anion, both of which can be reversed. Also, the redox potential shifts were dependent on ion-pairing interactions. Furthermore, direct detection of an amino acid in its zwitterionic form is demonstrated by 19 F NMR spectroscopy in aqueous media.


Herbert Lehnert and Jeffrey Peck have initiated an interesting discussion in the pages of The German Quarterly concerning Daniel Jonah Goldhagen's book, Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust, and its reception.1 That reception has been widespread and multifaceted, ranging from unmitigated praise to severe criticism, and stretching from the journals of professional scholars well into the pages of popular journalism only rarely concerned with academic publications.2 Since this debate is very much about the topic at the heart of GQ's mission-the evaluation of German cultureit is only right and proper that we Germanists join the fray here in the journal, bringing to bear our own professional perspectives and expertise. I fear however that we are not getting off to a very good start. It seems that discussing Goldhagen has touched some raw nerves, but, alas, the wrong ones: raw nerves about literature or culture, Literaturwissenschaft or cultural studies, objectivity or perspectivism, and so on. These are the familiar stuff of our own


The Commission would like to thank the members of the group for their contributions to this paper, and particularly for the key messages by ESDIS in sections 2.4, 3.5 and in part III, as well as for their examples of good practices and national surveys (in the Annex). In the last decades, the penetration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has had an impact in different ways on our health: at work, in our health behaviour and in health care systems. This working document presents how health is influenced by the use of ICT. In particular on the one side it looks at the ICT impact on occupational health and safety including specific conditions of the health sector. On the other side it focuses on the role technologies can play, both for the well-being of individuals and also on the risks of new forms of exclusion it can cause. The document is based on studies as well as examples and practices provided by Member States. It will raise the awareness of, and propose some solutions for, these crucial issues which will be important also in the future. The working environment and conditions have changed in particular as the introduction and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has modified the organisation of work. ICT was expected to bring high returns in terms of new skills and better working conditions. This paper examines to what extent these expectations have been met. On the one side there is a high potential for improving working and job situations through ICT applications. On the other side the evolution of work in the knowledge society shows that several risks need to be kept under control in order to avoid negative impacts on health, safety and well-being at work as well as on innovation. When introducing ICT in the workplace and reorganising work it is important not to change only specific elements, often with the aim of achieving short term economic benefits, but to adopt a holistic view taking into account the whole working situation including the social elements and the balance with private life. Good examples exist and research projects provide also a good potential for improvement of working conditions. Older workers have to tackle the specific situation of changing functional performances and to adapt to new challenges of the knowledge society. The accessibility and usability of ICT as well as the use of potential …


Eukaryotic circadian clocks comprise feedback loops where PAS domain‐containing transcriptional activators drive gene expression of negative elements. In Neurospora, clock models posit a White Collar complex (WCC) containing WC‐1 and WC‐2 that activates expression of the central clock gene frequency (frq); FRQ protein is hypothesized to feed back to block the activity of the WCC. We have characterized the WC‐2 protein and its role in this complex: WC‐2 is an abundant constitutive nuclear protein, in contrast to rhythmically expressed FRQ and WC‐1. WC‐2 interacts with WC‐1 and FRQ but, significantly, WC‐1 and FRQ do not interact in the absence of WC‐2. By quantifying the relative numbers of WC‐2, FRQ and WC‐1 proteins and complexes in cell extracts, both the numbers and types of complexes at different circadian times were estimated, yielding results consistent with the model. Constitutive and abundant WC‐2 appears to provide a scaffold allowing for the interaction of two limiting and rhythmically out‐of‐phase proteins, FRQ and WC‐1, and this temporal and physical relationship may be responsible for rhythmic expression of frq.


An air mass transported by a wind field will become distorted over time by any gradients present in the wind field. To study this effect in Earth's thermosphere, we examine the behavior of a simple parameter that we describe here as the "distortion gradient." It incorporates all of the wind field's departures from uniformity and is thus capable of representing all contributions to the distortion or mixing of air masses. The distortion gradient is defined such that it is always positive, so averaging over time and/or space does not suppress small‐scale features. Conventional gradients, by contrast, are signed quantities that would often average to zero. To analyze the climatological behavior of this distortion gradient, we used three years (2010, 2011, and 2012) of thermospheric F region wind observations from a high‐latitude ground‐based all‐sky wavelength scanning Doppler Fabry‐Perot interferometer located at Poker Flat Alaska. Climatological averaging of the distortion gradient allowed us to investigate its diurnal and seasonal (annual) behaviors at our observing location. Distortion was observed to be higher before local magnetic midnight and to be seasonally dependent. While maximum distortion occurred before local magnetic midnight under all geomagnetic conditions, the peak distortion occurred earlier under moderate geomagnetic conditions as compared to the quiet geomagnetic conditions and even earlier still when geomagnetic conditions were active. Peak distortion was stronger and appeared earlier when interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was southward compared to northward. By contrast, we could not resolve any time‐shift effect due to the IMF component tangential to Earth's orbit.


Action thresholds consisting of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0% of plants with new damage, 0.2 and 0.5 new hole or window per plant, and 0.1 medium to large larvae per plant were evaluated at four locations for the management of the cabbage caterpillar complex: cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), and imported cabbageworm, Artogeia rapae (L.). The thresholds were successful at two of the four locations. Where successful, all thresholds gave similar results based on marketability. The percentage of new damage thresholds resulted in more insecticide applications than the other thresholds. Weaknesses in the use of the action thresholds were evident in this experiment when the insect pressure was abnormally high, the relative abundance of each species varied, or atypical species were present.


In this paper a closed form expression for the number of tilings of an $n\times n$ square border with $1\times 1$ and $2\times1$ cuisenaire rods is proved using a transition matrix approach. This problem is then generalised to $m\times n$ rectangular borders. The number of distinct tilings up to rotational symmetry is considered, and closed form expressions are given, in the case of a square border and in the case of a rectangular border. Finally, the number of distinct tilings up to dihedral symmetry is considered, and a closed form expression is given in the case of a square border.


In recent years,regional vegetation water use has been a new and "hot" field in ecology,hydrology and water resources,especially in the arid and semiarid regions.Economic development of the Yellow River Basin is based upon energy,heavy chemical industry,grain and cotton.These activities,combined with climate change,have resulted in a shortage of water resources.In this paper,an eco-hydrological model was constructed to simulate the regional vegetation water use.The patterns of eco-water use by vegetation in Sanmenxia area of the Yellow River were studied using RS and GIS technology,TM data,meteorological data,observed data and vegetation and soil texture information.On the basis of the patterns of regional vegetation water use,the availability of green water are analyzed for different vegetation types.The results are as follows: due to the variation of climate and land cover,the eco-water use of vegetation has had a trend of decreasing-stable-increasing in Sanmenxia area since the 1950s;different vegetation types have different patterns.Forest,shrub,grass and farmland were chosen to compare eco-water amount,indicating forestcorn fieldshrubgrass.Among them,the forest has the highest utility of green water,followed by grassland,shrub and farmland.Based on these calculations and analyses,the countermeasures suggested for high-efficiency use of water and land resources are: to adjust vegetation structure and crops structure to realize optimal allocation of water resources.


Abstract Today the way philosophical work is presented is very narrowly circumscribed and as a result, this excludes people who do not want to, or cannot effectively, present their work in a particular manner. This canonization of the mode of presentation of philosophical work also serves to maintain the status quo of analytic philosophy as an exclusively academic discipline. In this paper I argue that diversity in how philosophical thinking is presented should be allowed, and even, encouraged. I argue that it is in philosophy's interest to expand the ways that it is presented, because not doing so not only limits who can participate in philosophy, but it also limits who philosophy attracts and so how far-reaching philosophy can be.


We use a Ramsey-theoretic argument to obtain the first lower bounds for approximations over Z/sub m/ by nonlinear polynomials: (i) A degree-2 polynomial over Z/sub m/ (m odd) must differ from the parity function on at least a 1/2-1/2((log n)/sup /spl Omega/(1)/) fraction of all points in the Boolean n-cube. A degree-O(1) polynomial over Z/sub m/ (m odd) must differ from the parity function on at least a 1/2-o(1) fraction of all points in the Boolean n-cube. These nonapproximability results imply the first known lower bounds on the top fanin of MAJoMOD/sub m/oAND/sub O(1)/ circuits (i.e., circuits with a single majority-gate at the output node, MOD/sub m/-gates at the middle level, and constant-fanin AND-gates at the input level) that compute parity: (i) MAJoMOD/sub m/oAND/sub 2/ circuits that compute parity must have top fanin 2((log n)/sup /spl Omega/(1)/). (ii) Parity cannot be computed by MAJoMODmoAND/sub O(1)/ circuits with top fanin O(1). Similar results hold for the MOD/sub q/ function as well.


Foliar responses of subalpine fir [Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.] to thinning were studied in a 35-yr-old mixed stand of paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and conifers. The stand regenerated naturally after a wildfire with a canopy dominated by paper birch (average height 9.8 m) and an understorey dominated by subalpine fir (average height 1.6 m). The stand was thinned to four densities of birch: 0, 600 and 1200 stems ha-1 and control (unthinned at 2300-6400 stems ha-1) in the autumn of 1995. The understorey conifers, mainly subalpine fir, were thinned to 1200 stems ha-1. The study used a completely randomized split-plot design. Three sample trees were systematically selected from each treatment replicate and each tree stratum (upper, intermediate and lower understorey). One-year-old and older age class needles were collected from one south-facing branch within the fifth whorl from the tree top. Thinning of paper birch significantly (p <0.001) increased leaf area and dry weight per 100 needles for intermediate and short trees except in the 0 birch treatment. Understorey subalpine fir trees in 600 stems ha1 birch (T3) had the largest leaf area and leaf dry weight per 100 1-yr-old needles. Specific leaf area (SLA) decreased from unthinned (T1) to 0 birch (T4). Lower understorey trees had the largest SLA. One-year-old needles had significantly higher N, P and K concentrations in all the thinning treatments. These responses are consistent with the shade tolerance of subalpine fir. The results suggest that when managing a paper birch-conifers mixed-wood forest it may be of benefit to understorey conifers to leave a birch canopy as a nursing crop.


The application of hydrogen diffusion anodes for the substitution of oxygen developing anodes in technical electrolyses for metal winning also in connection with recycling processes as well as the use of hydrogen diffusion anodes in electroplating technology is to be discussed under following aspects:

more effective energy use,

electrolytic generation of metals of higher purity,

generation of alloyed layers in electroplating and electroforming technology with improved properties and

recycling of pickling and etching bathes.


The relationship between children's literacy and children's interactions with their parents has long been recognized as significant. A growing body of research on how parents and children deal with literacy, language, and schools in general reveals a tapestry of complex interrelationships. Dozens of research studies reveal that approaches to changing parentchild literacy interactions are generally successful. Studies also reveal that simple interventions are of limited success and that it is very difficult to bring about change that transfers to improved literacy in the home.


In this work the experimental researches of dynamics of a model of a chain-type two-mass oscillatory system with two unbalance vibration exciters are carried out. The method of smooth variation of the debalances speed is used to analyze the amplitude-frequency response of the model. The modes of synchronous rotation of debalances are studied depending on the control parameter – the frequency of the supply voltage. The power characteristics of the electric drive and the influence of the carrying body oscillations on the power consumed by the exciter are established. It is shown that the effect of adaptive self-synchronization of debalances occur in the mechanical system, when the oscillation modes of carrying body vary with the excitation frequency.


In the environment, adverse effects of metals resulting from anthropogenic activity can be manifested as effluent, receiving water, and sediment toxicity to aquatic organisms. In TIEs, the chelator EDTA is commonly used to discriminate metal toxicity from other possible sources of toxicity present in an environmental sample. EDTA is extremely effective at reducing the aqueous bioavailability of toxic divalent transition metals (e.g., Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) but, unlike C{sub 18} solid phase extraction (SPE), EDTA does not allow for retrieval of toxicity or toxicants for further identification. In this presentation, the authors report the results of comparisons of five commercially available cation exchange media for use in TIEs. Cation exchange media included three pre-packed SPE columns (Alltech, Supelco, Waters) and two loose packing materials evaluated with both metal spiked seawater and deionized water. Preliminary comparisons demonstrated that Alltech and Supelco SPE columns functioned most effectively. Blank toxicity to two marine species was not observed. Extensive studies of Alltech and Supelco columns using seawater spiked with a range of metal concentrations (e.g., 600 to 10 {micro}g/L) illustrated good precision and quality. both columns removed, on average, {ge} 90% of five metals from seawater. Furthermore, when eluted with small volumes ofmore » acid, {ge} 85% of original metal levels were recovered. Evaluations performed with a metal plating industry effluent demonstrated effective removal and subsequent elution of several toxic metals. This study shows the utility of commercial cation exchange columns for removing metals from seawater, and freshwater, for TIE applications.« less


We present a biorthogonal wavelet construction based on Catmull-Clark-style subdivision volumes. Our wavelet transform is the three-dimensional extension of a previously developed construction of subdivision-surface wavelets that was used for multiresolution modeling of large-scale isosurfaces. Subdivision surfaces provide a flexible modeling tool for surfaces of arbitrary topology and for functions defined thereon. Wavelet representations add the ability to compactly represent large-scale geometries at multiple levels of detail. Our wavelet construction based on subdivision volumes extends these concepts to trivariate geometries, such as time-varying surfaces, free-form deformations, and solid models with non-uniform material properties. The domains of the repre-sented trivariate functions are defined by lattices composed of arbitrary polyhedral cells. These are recursively subdivided based on stationary rules converging to piecewise smooth limit-geometries. Sharp features and boundaries, defined by specific polygons, edges, and vertices of a lattice are explicitly represented using modified subdivision rules. Our wavelet transform provides the ability to reverse the subdivision process after a lattice has been re-shaped at a very fine level of detail, for example using an automatic fitting method. During this coarsening process all geometric detail is compactly stored in form of wavelet coefficients from which it can be reconstructed without loss.


Exercise is an essential component of the study of human physiology. The world faces enormous healthcare challenges from diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes) inextricably linked to a lack of physical activity. Thus the need to understand how our bodies move and adapt to exercise has never been more relevant.

Insufficient exercise is clearly not a personal issue for Christopher Gillen—runner, physiologist (Kenyon College), and author of The Hidden Mechanics of Exercise . Despite its title, the book doesn't focus on whole-body joints and moment arms. Instead, Gillen's enjoyable account emphasizes the molecules and protein structures that allow us to move, run, jump, control fuel use, and regulate adaptations to exercise training.

![Figure][1]

Force producer.
Colored scanning electron micrograph of a freeze-fractured skeletal (striated) muscle.

PHOTO: PHOTO QUEST LTD/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/CORBIS

Using analogies to make the science accessible, Gillen takes readers through critical systems of the human body, from the molecular protein structures that allow us to store and reuse elastic energy in our tendons to the processes by which hemoglobin molecules bind and release oxygen. He effectively integrates traditional physiology with more recent developments in cell and molecular biology and genetics. He links together topics ranging from the molecular chain of events in the brain that cause us to initiate movement to the behavior of myosin (the molecular motor protein in skeletal muscle that produces force and ultimately generates movement). Refreshingly, Gillen approaches the subject from the system down rather than the molecule up. Throughout the book, he emphasizes how tiny changes in protein structures scale up to produce whole-body movements.

Gillen comes to the topic with the perspective of a long-distance runner (he has completed 10 ultramarathons) and not that of a power athlete. Thus he can be forgiven for some confusion regarding hyperplasia in the hypertrophic response of whole muscle to high-resistance strength training. Satellite cells may well proliferate, but that does not mean that the number of functioning muscle fibers increases. His description of proteins "morphing" also becomes a little irksome after a while, but that should not detract from the enjoyable way he takes us through the different biological systems, linking each with various aspects of physical and sports performance.

Overall, Gillen offers exercise enthusiasts wishing to understand the science behind their training an interesting read. The book also serves as an engaging primer for exercise-science students who want to begin to understand some of the underlying molecular mechanisms. The Hidden Mechanics of Exercise introduces concepts that make the step to the specialized textbook or research article easier. At the same time, researchers studying the behavior of the individual molecules may find Gillen's account enlightening in regard to the functional implications of their work at the whole-body level.

 [1]: pending:yes


The total circulation volume of general daily newspapers in Japan amounted to 33,956,~.91 i copics ( i ) as of July, 1955, according to a survey conducted by the Japanese Newspaper Publishers and Editors Association. Since the national census taken in October the same year enumerated Japan's total population at 89,269,278, these two figures whcn comparcd would imply that daily newspapers in Japan today


A comparison of four explosives detection devices of use in airport security for the checking of carry-on luggage is presented.


The concept of pharmacological isolation of the heart was first advanced by Jose (1966). He used the combination of propranolol and atropine injected intravenously to produce both sympathetic and vagal blockade. Under these circumstances the heart rate was reputed to become fixed, being unresponsive to sympathetic or vagal stimuli both experimentally in dogs and clinically in man. This constant heart rate was termed the "intrinsic heart rate". The pharmacological minutes after minutes.


This essay outlines the basic problems in reconstructing a state space attractor from a time series of data. One application, namely noise reduction, is outlined.


ABSTRACT Professionals interested in assessing state anxiety (in the moment) levels before and after brief activity-based treatments would find limited evidence-based assessments. The purpose of this study was to develop and test the current anxiety level measure, a free, valid, and reliable state anxiety assessment. To establish concurrent validity, the current anxiety level measure was administered (n = 98) alongside the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results found a strong relationship (r = .904, p < .001) between the two assessments. In addition, test–retest reliability (r = .702, p < .001) was established with a second sample (n = 102). Both samples showed the current anxiety level measure to be reliable and valid.


Aim of study: The aim of our study is to deposit our experience from the confrontation of the fractures of the femur with external osteosynthesis as a provisional method, but also in some times, as a final treatment. Materials and method: Between the years 1998 – 2002, we treated 20 patients (19 men) with fractures of the femur, from which 6 were open, 11 were in polytrauma patients, aged from 17 to 70 years with M.O of age of 26 years, which were faced with external osteosynthesis as the first method of confrontation. Results: We changed the method of treatment in 8 patients from external to internal fixation and concerned higher ages patients. In all the others in regular time intervals we realised corrections of axis of crural. In 9 patients of age from 16 to 18 years, the callus formation was found in 5 months with most excellent mobility of adjacent articulations. In three patients we had problems with the union, who was realised in the 7th month, with enough problems from the knee, which were restored after long-lasting physioterapy. In three patients we had pin track infection. Conclusions: The external osteosynthesis is a method of provisional stabilisation of femur's fractures, which offers solution in polytrauma patients protecting them from direct complications. In the young adolescents it is possible to constitute also the final treatment, while for higher ages it is not recommended as a final treatment.


Non-alcoholic beverage companies store a significant amount of data in their systems. However, by failing to convert this data into useful information for decision-making. Process mining aims to discover, monitor, and improve real processes by extracting knowledge from event logs available in current systems. This study provides a method for applying process mining to the distribution of non-alcoholic beverages, aiming to increase the quality of service delivered to customers by making the process more transparent. The method provides an orderly and practical guide of much of the knowledge that has been generated in the field of process mining. It allows for a comprehensive analysis by perspectives of process mining -- control-flow, organizational, cases, and performance -- following the L* life-cycle model stages. Additionally, it proposes recommendations and best practices in order to reduce the difficulty and costs, and improve the understanding of non-experts. The method is applied to the distribution process of a company in the non-alcoholic beverage bottling industry.


&NA; Author's Note: This article represents a combination of knowledge from the skin care industry (Dr. Marenus) and the dermatologic community (Dr. Draelos). The first of the two‐part article discusses current understanding of the etiology of cellulite while the second part presents purported treatments. Cellulite is a condition affecting 85% of postadolescent women characterized by dimpled tissue on the upper outer thighs, posterior upper thighs, and lower buttocks. A better understanding of the etiology of cellulite has been obtained through ultrasonic analysis of the upper thigh and buttock tissue demonstrating herniation of the subcutaneous fat into the dermis. The initial changes leading to cellulite formation appear to be deterioration of the dermal matrix and vasculature, particularly loss of the capillary networks, leading to excess fluid retention within the dermal and subcutaneous tissues. This loss of the capillary network is thought to be due to engorged fat cells clumping together and inhibiting venous return. A variety of treatments, to include xanthines, herbal derivatives, heating, massage, and skin kneading, have been put forth as possibly reducing the dimpled skin appearance.


The use of ambient assisted living technology, namely technology to improve the quality of life of people at home, is becoming a common trait of modern society. This technology, however, is difficult to be completely defined and classified, since it addresses many different human needs ranging from the physiological sphere to the psychological and social ones. In this chapter we focus on personal monitoring and data acquisition in smart homes, and propose the results of our research activities in the form of the description of three functional prototypes, each one addressing a specific need: an environmental monitoring system to measure the respiratory rate, a domotic architecture for both comfort assessment and user indoor localization, and a device for supporting mobility indoors. Each prototype description is followed by an experimental analysis and, finally, by considerations suggesting possible future developments in the very near future.


Virus disease and the root-knot nematode are the biggest barrier of sale abroad tomato development in Yuanmou, therefore, 4 Israeli tomato cultivars were introduced to carry out 2 a regional test and production test. The result showed that the variety Alabi is suitable to be grown in this aera. It is resistant to virus disease and the root-knot nematode, and it has good characteristics such as long period of harvest, high yield, excellent quality, high tolerance to storage and transport and so on.


This paper probes into the technique of phonetic explanation of smart guide in the scenic spots,and discusses the possibilities of accessing data,data matching and phonetic explanation.In the aspect of accessing data,we provide two methods of ensuring scenic scale.And We solve the repeating of playing phonetic explanation by software programming.


A buildup of cerumen, or earwax, in the ear canal is one of the most common problems experienced by patients and, if ignored, can cause hearing loss, irritation, and discomfort. Comfort is an integral part of nursing work as a client's basic needs which is the goal of nursing work. The nursing approach to providing comfort to patients is based on Kolcaba's comfort theory. This theory includes comfort in four contexts of comfort, namely: physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental. The purpose of this study was to compare irrigation techniques' effectiveness with manual extraction on the comfort level of cerumen-impacted patients using the Kolcaba comfort theory approach. This research is pre-experimental research with a "two independent samples test" approach. The sample was 40 respondents who had impacted cerumen, divided into 20 respondents who underwent ear irrigation and 20 respondents who underwent manual extraction. Analysis to determine differences in comfort levels after intervention using the Mann-Whitney test. Results & Analysis. The Mann-Whitney test showed P value = 0.000 (P <0.05), and there was a difference in the comfort level between irrigation and manual extraction. The action of ear irrigation further increases the respondent's sense of comfort compared to manual extraction, because irrigation is more effective in removing impacted cerumen characterized by clean ears and clearer hearing, and does not cause pain.


In this work a 500 mV supply voltage, low power, inverter-based $\Sigma\Delta$ -modulator in 28 nm FD-SOI is presented. The discrete-time $\Sigma\Delta$ -modulator is optimized for low power and is to be used in audio detection applications. The switched-capacitor integrators are designed using inverter-based amplifiers with a DC cancelling scheme to suppress DC offset. An optimization of the inverter-based amplifiers is shown taking advantage of the simple structure. The 2nd -order $\Sigma\Delta$ -modulator achieves a $\mathrm{SNDR}_{\mathrm{peak}}=46\mathrm{dB}$ with an OSR of 32 and power consumption of 118nW.


Despite their relationship often being characterised in terms of polarity and antagonism, art and law have many synergies and upon further examination would appear to enjoy a reflexive and symbiotic relationship. Artists such as Superflex, Jill Magid and Carey Young have developed an approach with legal form becoming central to many of their works. Such artists have also looked to intellectual property law, a potent means of legal regulation of the arts, as a source of artistic raw material. They do so as a means of critiquing such regulation itself, the art world more generally, or to advance broader social and political concerns. This chapter will examine the law in art and art in law interface and explore how intellectual property law has shaped the form of many contemporary art works, while such works have simultaneously helped to shape interpretations of the law.


A piezoelectric (PZ) biosensor system detecting Salmonella spp. was developed. The system consisted of an oscillator, a frequency counter and an antibody-immobilized quartz crystal. An anti-Salmonella antibody was immobilized on one gold. surface of the quartz crystal with protein A. Salmonella detection was made by measuring resonant frequency shift owing to a mass change by specific binding of microbial cells to the gold surface of the PZ crystal. The PZ antibody sensor was operated optimally at 0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2 and . The sensor was quite specific to Salmonella spp. The obtained frequency shift was correlated with the Salmonella concentration in the range of . The frequency shift increased further by addition of polystyrene beads. The Salmonella detection which is indicated by a steady-state microbial adsorption to the quartz crystal was accomplished within 50min.


Forests are an integral part of natural ecosystems, providing numerous ecological, economic, social, and cultural services (Boyd et al. 2013; Chen et al. 2015a). For example, they store approximately 45% of terrestrial carbon (C) and remain as a large net C sink by capturing one-quarter of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) each year (Bonan 2008; Pan et al. 2011). However, environmental change (e.g., severe drought) and global trade have increased forest vulnerability to a range of natural disturbances, including diseases and insects (Asner 2013; Boyd et al. 2013; Wang et al. 2008; Wingfield et al. 2015). Forest diseases are caused by pathogens that are infectious and transmissible, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and helminths. Insects attack different parts of the tree, with defoliators feeding on leaves or needles, and CONTENTS


On Sunday afternooin, October 8th, six patients were admitted to Highgate Hospital suspected to be suffering from food poisoning, and it was stated that food purchased at certain premises in St. Pancras was thought to be responsible. Another patient was shortly afterwards admitted to University College Hospital, and on Monday notifications were received of six other'cases. Of the total thirteen patients, five were adults and eight were children eleven resided in St. Pancras and two in Holborn. It was ascertained quite early in the investigation that the food responsible for the outbreak was pease-pudding. This had been made on Saturday, October 7th, the procedure be ng as follows. About 4.30 p.m. 4 lb. of dried split peas in a canvas bag were placed in an enamelled iron saucepan containing boiling water, to which a little bicarbonate of soda had been added. After coming to the boilthey were allowed to "simmer'" for three hours, were then emptied into a glazed earthenware vessel, and some salt was added they were then beaten up with a wooden spatula, about a pint of the water in which the peas had been cooked being added. The process was completed about 7.30 p.m., the finished product we ghing about 7 or 8 lb. The earthenware vessel containing the pease-pudding was kept near a gas stove in a room behind the shop, and at intervals during the evening a little boiling water was added to keep the pudding warm and moist. The conditions were therefore ideal for bacterial multiplication. Portions of about 5 oz. were sold for a penny, each portion being placed in a piece of greaseproof paper and then wrapped in newspaper. It was thought that about eighteen to twenty customers were served with the pudding during Saturday evening, as approximately lb. remained unsold. In the thirteen notified cases the pudding was stated to have been purchased or eaten between 7.45 and 10 p.m., and in practically all the cases the onset of the symptoms occurred in the early hours of Sunday morning. The clinical signs and symptoms, which were more or less marked, according to the severity of the attack, included vomiting, abdominal pa-n, diarrhoea with passage of blood and mucus, rapid pulse, rise of temperature, and cyanosis of lips and extremities. The two fatal cases were of boys of 11 and 13 years of age; one died at 7 p.m. and the other at 9 p.m. on Sunday-that is, within a period of twenty-four hours of


Abstract: A total of 112 weanling pigs with an average body weight of 6.70 ± 1.31 kg were allotted to one of four experimental diets for a 6 wk feeding trail to evaluate the effects of protected organic acids on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbial counts. Diets consisted of basal diet (CON), CON + 0.2% unprotected organic acid (UOA), CON + 0.1% protected organic acid (POA1), and CON + 0.2% POA (POA2). Feeding POA diets to weanling pigs increased (P < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) during 0–2 wk and overall experimental period, and it also increased (P < 0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) compared with UOA. The addition of increasing levels of POA showed greater (linear effect, P < 0.05) ADG, gain/feed ratio, and ATTD of DM. In addition, dietary inclusion of increasing levels of POA linearly increased (P < 0.05) the fecal Lactobacillus counts, whereas the Escherichia coli and Salmonella counts, diarrhea score, fecal ammonia, and acetic acid emissions were reduced (linear effect, P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 0.2% POA to weanling pigs has the potential to improve growth performance and reduce diarrhea incidence while balancing microbial counts.


DURING the past forty years we have witnessed a phenomenal growth in state police agencies and highway patrol services throughout the United States. Four decades ago, only four states had state police agenciesTexas, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. In the latter two states the agencies were limited to certain activities in the detection of crime and in suppressing vice and gambling. Contrasted with this limited number, and


In this paper,using flexure hinges and flexible frames to replace real spherical joints and prismatic joints respectively, the design of a novel micromanipulator based on 6-PSS parallel three-dimensional platform mechanism is presented. The layout feature of the micromanipulator is also described. The input/output micro-displacement equations are derived explicitly and the payload properties of the micromanipulator are studied, which provides theoretical basis for its optimal design and application. Finally, it is shown that the novel micromanipulator is characterized by high resolution, decoupling micro-displacements and simple control algorithm.


This research note presents a data model that defines the key artefacts of the systems engineering and safety processes of machine control systems. Existing data models, like the ISO 10303-233 and the German automotive specifications, especially MSRYS, are exploited when defining the model. The model presented in this research note defines artefacts related to the overall system and its context, requirements and their validation, risk assessment, behaviour (system use cases and functional specifications), system structure and documentation. The emphasis is on defining the linkage between these artefacts also across process boundaries. These links form the traceability chains from risk assessments to safety requirements, functional specifications, designs, implementation, verification and validation. Besides providing traceability of artefacts, such a model allows centralized, single source, data repository implementations that ensure a consistent view of artefacts in different design disciplines, such as software development and electrical CAD. Two implementations of the designed model are presented: Polarion ALM and MySQL with an MS Access front-end. Examples of tool integrations using the model are also demonstrated. The benefits are also emphasized from the perspective of documentation. A centralized artefact repository can support the automated creation of documents based on demand. For example, the system requirements specification and the relevant parts of the technical file, which is required by the Machinery Directive, can be generated from the database.


The goal of this study is to make selective etch possible for the next generation of MEMS(microelectromechanical systems) devices that are composed Ni-Mn-Ga and silicon layers. Due tothe large magnetic-field-induced strains of Ni-Mn-Ga, sensing and actuating components can be fab-ricated in the Ni-Mn-Ga layers. Other functional components can be manufactured in the silicon layer.Single crystalline Ni-Mn-Ga alloys that are grown by using the Bridgman vertical growth techniquehave so far obtained the largest magnetic field-induced strain (MFIS), a magnetic shape memory(MSM) effect. Similar to silicon wafers, Ni-Mn-Ga wafers are also sliced from crystal-oriented singlecrystalline ingots. To fabricate hybrid MEMS devices such as micromanipulators and robots, lab-on-chip containing micropump manifolds and valves, or vibration energy harvesters, the fabricationprocesses used for MEMS devices will be also used to fabricate components in the Ni-Mn-Ga layer ofthe hybrid MEMS devices. One of the most important processes for MEMS fabrication is the structur-ing of materials by chemical etching. The main goal of this study is to obtain evidence that the etchantetches silicon but not Ni-Mn-Ga and to identify an etchant that etches Ni-Mn-Ga but not silicon. Thepresent paper reports on a novel experiment in dissolving Ni-Mn-Ga alloys. An etchant compositionof 69% HNO3, 98% H2SO4, and CuSO4•5H2O is proposed for dissolving Ni-Mn-Ga alloys and thevariation in the dissolution rate by adjusting the concentrations of HNO3 and ultrapure water (UPW)is demonstrated. This etchant was demonstrated to etch Ni-Mn-Ga but not silicon. The HF+HNO3acidic solution commonly used for etching silicon does not dissolve Ni-Mn-Ga alloys.


This coupling comprises a rotary cylindrical portion which is recessed and an outlet opening whose lower edge is placed level with the lowest point of a surface which is inclined relative to the rotation axis, whereby the said surface is placed adjacent to the axis and the side opposite to the said opening.


A new fault diagnosis method of rotating machinery based on Volterra series and support vector machine(SVM) is proposed.In the proposed method,the Volterra kernels are identified in the four conditions,i.e.normal,rotor crack,rotor rub,and pedestal looseness,by the quantum particle swarm optimization(QPSO) algorithm.Then the first order Volterra kernels and front three order Volterra kernels are respectively input into the SVM classifier for training.The experiment result shows that the proposed method is effective.When the type of fault is hardly distinguished with the first order Volterra kernels,the higher-order Volterra kernels can be used for classification.The proposed method has obvious predominance in the fault diagnosis of rotating machine.


In the present work, natural Ge targets have been irradiated by neutron beams of 17.7 and 19.3 MeV, at the 5 MV Tandem Accelerator of NCSR "Demokritos". The cross section of the 72,74Ge(n,α)69,71Zn and 76Ge(n,2n)75Ge reactions, leading to the population of isomeric states, has been deduced with respect to the 27Al(n,α)24Na and 93Nb(n,2n)92mNb reference reactions. After the neutron irradiations, the induced γ–ray activity of the Ge target and reference foils, was measured with high– resolution HPGe detectors.


This article analyzes the actual problems and potential advantages from the perspective of adopting a new industrial path and compares the essential distinctions between the 'two types' of industrial paths, pointing out that whether Heilongjiang Province can grasp this rare historic opportunity of the State reinvigorating Northeast China lies in the new industrial path different from the past. It is advisable to adopt a new industrial path taking into consideration of the actual circumstances of this province, fully exploit comparative advantages, cultivate competitive advantage and speed up institutional innovation, mechanism innovation and structural transformation.


Angiosarcoma Involving the Heart A 66-year-old man presented with a 4-day history of shortness of breath and swelling in the legs. Transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography of the ches...


Summary • Here, we examined uptake of radio-labile cadmium (Cd) by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi from topsoil historically contaminated by Cd, lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) from mine-spoil. • Using compartmented pots, Plantago lanceolata plants were grown with or without AM inoculum, isolated from the same soil as used in the experiment. Uptake of radio-labile Cd was determined from the specific activity in the host plant and measured radio-labile Cd pool in the soil. • Specific activity of 109 Cd in plant shoots showed that 10% of the Cd uptake occurred through AM fungal hyphae. Cd concentrations were greatest in the roots of mycorrhizal plants and the shoots of nonmycorrhizal plants, possibly indicating fungal immobilisation of Cd within the mycorrhiza. • The method presented here allows discrimination between Cd uptake by roots and hyphae in individual plants.


Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been significantly associated with atherosclerotic disease independent of classical risk factors. However, the role of NAFLD in this context remains unclear. The systemic inflammation described in NAFLD related to liver disease progression may be one factor that can influence the progression and instability of atherosclerotic disease and, consequently, in the clinical characteristics of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

 To assess the potential relationship between NAFLD and ACS severity.

 We performed a retrospective study in adult patients with ACS who presented to the emergency room of a quaternary care medical centre between March 2015 and March 2016 and selected 99 patients without previously known coronary artery disease or liver disease, without a history of significant alcohol consumption, terminal disease, other acute illness, use of statins, amiodarone, or other steatogenic drugs. The diagnostic criteria for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with ST-segment elevation (STEMI) were ST elevation ≥1mm in ≥2 contiguous leads (2mm for leads V1 to V3). The acute myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI) diagnostic was established in patients who did not meet the criteria for STEMI and who had elevated necrosis markers (creatine kinase-MB isoform and troponin I). Unstable angina (UA) diagnostic was established in patients who did not meet the criteria for STEMI and NSTEMI but had more than three cardiovascular risk factors and typical thoracic pain. The presence of steatosis and its degrees was assessed using ultrasound, and the diagnosis of NAFLD was based on the presence of steatosis and clinical history.

 The diagnosis of UA, NSTEMI and STEMI was established in 40, 33 and 26 patients, respectively, and NAFLD was observed in 30%, 66.6% and 76.9% of these patients. NAFLD patients were 5.8 times more likely to have a diagnosis of AMI than UA (p<0.001), were 7.88 times more likely to have a diagnosis of STEMI than UA (p<0.001) and were 4.7 times more likely to have a diagnosis of NSTEMI than UA (p<0.01). Patients with grades 2 and 3 liver steatosis were 4.2 times more likely to have a diagnosis of AMI than UA (p<0.01) and were 8.2 times more likely to have a diagnosis of STEMI than UA (p<0.01). There was no significant relationship between other variables evaluated and the clinical presentation of ACS.

 In this study, the frequency of AMI presentation in NAFLD patients with ACS was significantly higher than the frequency of UA, suggesting a significant relationship between NAFLD and the severity of ACS, independent of the classic risk factors assessed. The results also suggest that the steatosis degree can proportionally influence this context. Therefore, NAFLD could be considered a potential risk marker for coronary atherosclerotic disease progression and instability.

 Type of funding sources: None.


Using general finite element software ABAQUS and the secondary development platform, an asphalt pavement numerical model which considers the pavement material nonlinear fatigue damage was established to analyze the asphalt pavement structure damage's spatial distribution and evolution, the spatial distribution and evolution of the horizontal stress within the pavement structure. The results show that the pavement structural damage mainly distributes in a specific damage zone located at the bottom of the base and sub-base and along the middle line between the double wheels. With the increase of the load cycles, the damage degree at the bottom of the base and the sub-base increases, and the rate of which gradually increases. The horizontal tensile stress in the specific damage zone of a pavement structure considering damage is less than that of the pavement structure without considering damage. Simultaneously, this horizontal tensile stress gradually decreases, and the rate increases with the increase of load cycles. The results can be used to judge failure region and degree of the pavement structure on the asphalt pavement maintenance, and to determine the design index of the asphalt pavement design research.


In this work, we analyse the capabilities of an Android smartphone with the OpenGL ES API for the rendering of synthetic realistic images. The aim is to find out the facilities and the main limitations of the platform for the development of augmented reality games. Thus, our research covers mainly three fields: an analysis of the information provided by the camera, a study of the tracking and positioning capabilities of current smartphones and an outline of the rendering facilities usually found in these devices. The performance, in terms of frames per second and latency, has been tested in different smartphones, in addition to evaluate the reliability and efficiency of the sensors and the quality of rendering. In order to show all the results obtained from this study we have developed an augmented reality game trying to combine quality, performance and velocity of response. Keywords-Augmented reality; Android; Positioning sensors; Image processing; Realistic image synthesis


The condition of education in Indonesia includes inadequate education for people in Indonesia who are more than one and have a cultural diversity. Therefore, it is necessary to transform in educational knowledge in Indonesia. Multicultural education knowledge as a substitute for monocultural educational knowledge. The importance of education in multiculturalism is to some extent and get a positive response from the relevant parties and authorities. This is evidenced by the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System which provides human rights values. So these values are used as one of the implementation of National Education, as education is held in a fair nature and does not discriminate by upholding human rights, religious values, cultural values and national diversity. Therefore, the implementation of education requires a curriculum, and multicultural values must be used as a basis for planning, implementing and evaluating the curriculum to an educational institution either in the form of schools, madrassas, and pesantren. Islamic religious education learning also has a very important role in instilling the values of multiculturalism to learners derived from the teachings of the Qur'an and hadith that are able to create learners who believe in and fear the almighty God. In addition, the purpose of implementation and values in the learning of Islamic religious education is so that learners can become people who have charitable competence in personal and social life.


The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has a high impact on patients with chronic diseases. The vast majority of studies indicate that allergic diseases do not represent a risk factor for COVID-19 susceptibility nor cause a more severe course of disease and allergic patients were recommended to continue allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) throughout the Covid-19 pandemic. Studies to evaluate the role of allergen-specific immunotherapy in SARS-CoV-2 infection have not yet been performed. The aim of our study has been to evaluate, through specific questionnaires, the incidence and the disease severity in allergic patients receiving AIT compared to non-treated allergic patients. We also evaluated the quality of life and the psychological impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in these patients. The data collected confirmed that allergic diseases are not a risk factor to SARS-CoV-2 infections and showed, for the first time, that patients receiving AIT have a lower incidence and a milder course of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to non-treated allergic patients. Furthermore, patients receiving AIT have a better quality of life and a lower psychological impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, further studies are needed to confirm the protective role of AIT against SARS-CoV-2 infections and to elucidate the underlying immunological mechanisms.


The article characterizes modern approaches to teaching information disciplines in a virtual environment of teaching establishment. The concept of virtual learning environment is defined. The interpretation of communicative and communication competence is presented. The main directions of indirect pedagogical communication in the virtual learning environment of computer science disciplines are described. The communicative requirements to the organization of training of computer science disciplines on the basis of the virtual learning environment are analyzed and defined. The structure of communicative and communication competence is described. Identified the tools by which indirect learning is implemented in a virtual learning environment. A partial teaching methodology is proposed, which is implemented in a virtual learning environment. The structure of electronic educational and methodical complexes are characterized, which includes autonomous, local and distance educational courses and methodical support for their use in a specific computer science discipline placed in a virtual learning environment. The components of electronic educational and methodical complexes that reflect the author's concept of formation of communicative competencies and provide the implementation of the methodical system of teaching computer science disciplines in the virtual learning environment are analyzed. The method of teaching computer science disciplines in a virtual environment is described.


Satisfaction of students in an educational institution has become a strategic issue for universities to survive and flourish . The foremost object of this study is to investigate how learning approaches satisfy level of satisfaction of international students in China, like teaching staff, study programs, method of instruction, and engagement of teachers with students, seminars, use of multimedia in presentation, group discussion, internship, field trips, and implementation along with academic performance of the students. It would also employ IPA framework by which teachers and policy makers in the respective international office would search out guidelines directly from international students' importance to learning methods and their outcome through a questionnaire. These instructions will not only improve the quality of international education but will also enhance the demand for international education and stiff competition worldwide. Data were collected from International students in Shandong University. The findings of this study indicated all learning methods play vital role for satisfaction of international students.  However, almost all the mean scores of performance were lower than those of the importance ratings. Hence, efforts should be made to improve the good performance. A practical recommendation was given to decision makers to enhance the international student satisfaction. For future research, it was suggested that to conduct qualitative studies it was necessary to identify the dimension of international student satisfaction.


It took the academic conferences of professional associations as the research object with the micro-research path to analyze the academic community,getting the following results.Academic community was a power relations net in which different forces were interacting and competing with each other;there existed a status hierarchy;academic conferences as ceremony exerted discipline on academicians through producing symbolic power,and then produced academic elites and academic order,which took on an obvious social logic.


A design analysis and cost model of an alternative to the chemical rocketry approach to lunar tourist transit. The performance leverage offered by combinind electrical propulsion with microwave power beaming, and refuelling with in-situ space propellants, allows performance to be spent on many cost-reducing mission elements. High-speed transits, large margins, easy-towork materials, safe propellants, simple and under-optimized design, redundancy for reliability, and an general elimination of gram-shaving all reduce costs, based on a large cost model. Airlaunch from an airport using a ramjet aircraft developed as part of an incremental, independantly profitable appraoch, in addition to optional mass-exhance tethers to move fuel, sustantially enhance the system and derivative applications.


0. Indicator information (SDG_INDICATOR_INFO) 0.a. Goal (SDG_GOAL) Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages 0.b. Target (SDG_TARGET) Target 3.8: Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all 0.c. Indicator (SDG_INDICATOR) Indicator 3.8.1: Coverage of essential health services 0.d. Series (SDG_SERIES_DESCR)


Given a field F and elements α and β not in F, then F(α, β) is the smallest field containing α, β and F. A simple extension is a field extension which is generated by the adjunction of a single element. The Primitive Element Theorem says that if F is a field of characteristic 0, and α and β are algebraic over F, then there is an element γ in F(α, β) such that F(α, β) = F(γ). When can we say that γ = α+β? We will introduce some situations where γ = α + β is true and some when this is not true, where F is the field of rational numbers Q.