The paper describes cognitive features of the subconcept "middle age" as a component of the complex concept "age" in Ch. Dickens's works. Their field structure is presented, and a graphic and verbal model is compiled, which gave basis to Russian equivalents, reflecting the content peculiarities of the subconcept in the original language. The research is based on the semantic-cognitive method of language analysis with the use of such auxiliary methods as text corpus compilation, contextual analysis, concordance compilation method, quantitative analysis, and descriptive method. The translation is carried out by means of lexical transformations. The article presents the results of translation of cases of both direct and indirect nomination of the subconcept "middle age".


An improved coupled wave approach is presented for the analysis of diffraction behavior of a two-dimensional spatially periodic or almost periodic dielectric layer illuminated by TE polarized plane waves. This method applies to any simultaneous composition of arbitrarily modulated planar transmission gratings with any permittivity in neighboring regions. Two major improvements have been made. In the first part, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of coupled wave system of equations are first-order corrected to reduce the inherent errors generated by neglecting second-order derivatives. In the second part, a scattering matrix method is used to model the effect of boundaries. Using this method, the applicability range of coupled wave approach is extended to higher modulation depths and thicker grating layers. The main advantages of the proposed method compared with rigorous coupled wave analysis are ease of simulation, ease of extension to multiple grating structures, and increased speed. Results are presented for single and multiple grating structures, and comparisons with results obtained using rigorous coupled wave analysis are made to verify the accuracy of the proposed method.


This study aims to map the activities, competencies, language, and communication components of the "sea alms" ritual which produces communication patterns as a form of preservation of maritime cultural values in the island community. The concept of ritual communication on which this research is based is ritual. Ritual is a habitual action (hereditary action) and also contains transcendental values. So, it can be understood that rituals are related to voluntary performances carried out by the community from generation to generation (based on habits) regarding patterned behavior. Communication is at the core of interactions between humans who use language in certain cultures. This study uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods, an interpretive or qualitative perspective. Ritual as a 'tradition' in the context of communication events and interaction processes.
The results of the study reveal that the ritual communication of "alms sea" is an activity of gratitude to God Almighty or the creator, who has provided a fortune from the potential that comes from the sea, this tradition is a form of cultural values that are maintained by fishermen, who live on Pulau Kelapa, dominant is the Bugis community. The ritual "Alms Ocean" is used as a tourist attraction for marine culture, by displaying dance, culinary arts, and typical Bugis cultural symbols which are ornaments of marine tourism attractions.


Aim: Our study aimed to examine prospectively whether serum uric acid levels (and hyperuricemia) in the first trimester is associated with subsequent development of GDM in a random sample of pregnant women attending Antenatal clinics in a busy General hospital in Hyderabad, India. Materials and Method: Two hundred and twenty five pregnant women (<20 weeks gestation) were included in the study. Baseline assessments included age, BMI, diet, parity and serum uric acid level. Subjects were reassessed at 24-28 weeks for Gestational Diabetes mellitus (GDM). Data was systematically recorded and analysed to test for associations of various parameters with GDM Results: The mean baseline serum uric acid level was 2.6mg/dL. 5.1% of the subjects developed GDM when assessed at 24-28 weeks. Although within the normal range, serum uric acid level did increase with age, as did the risk of GDM. Diet, socio-economic status and BMI were not associated with an increase of either serum uric acid level or the risk of GDM. The results showed a clear increase in the risk of GDM with increasing serum uric acid levels. A serum uric acid cut-off value 3.4mg/dl had a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 95% and a negative predictive value of 99% for subsequent development of GDM. Conclusion: Our study reiterates the association of raised serum uric acid levels in early pregnancy as a risk factor for subsequent development of GDM in an Indian population. A cut off level of 3.4 mg/dL appears to have good sensitivity and specificity in identifying those patients who are most likely to develop GDM later in pregnancy. This, if replicated and confirmed, can have important therapeutic implications in helping identify and manage GDM early, and thus prevent adverse maternal and foetal complications.


Significance
 Proposed measures include a plan outlined by European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker in September, wherein the EU would oblige technology firms to remove terrorist and extremist content within one hour of being notified by the authorities or face fines of up to 4% of their annual turnover.

 Impacts
 Social media firms will invest more in automated filters -- regardless of their drawbacks.
 Removing extremist online content may impair law enforcement work by limiting their access to relevant materials and networks.
 Terrorist and extremist outfits will adapt to evade filters.


Violation of the fundamental human rights of children for political ends represents a particularly sinister form of child abuse. It may be difficult for many of us to believe that politically motivated cruelty to children goes on in the world today. However, an increasing number of sources are documenting gross abuses of children and their rights: disruption of families, lack of education, violence, arrest, detention, torture, psychological abuse, forced disappearance and murder. These unpleasant facts should be known by all pediatricians. Human rights abuses represent an enormous health problem for children of the world.


Last 18 months experience of laparascopic tuboovarian abcess treatment in our clinics Objective: Our primary objective in this study was to evaluate whether the size of the abscess affects clinical or laboratory results; also to evaluate efficacy and safety of laparascopy in surgical treat-


The present invention relates to a compound selected from macrocyclic lactones for use to treat infections by human papillomavirus, and / or skin or mucosal lesions due to these infections, and / or for preventing their complications.


The aim of this study is investigating translanguaging perception and practices on ELT writing classrooms during national students' exchange. It is to identify the perception and to determine the practices of translanguaging on students' writing. This study used a survey design of quantitative research in nature. The survey involved 24 EFL students consisting of 23 females and 1 male who come from various universities in Indonesia. Those EFL students as the participants were assigned to fill the closed and open questionnaire about their perception of language choice in writing. There are 15 closed statements and 5 open statements in the questionnaire. Besides that, writing test was also used to know the practices of translanguaging. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis, in order to find a general description of the research data. The results show that the perceptions are classified into language choice, language brokering, and the use of translanguaging. The practices of translanguaging on students' writing show that the average score of the students' writing is 76 based on the indicators of the students' writing which are measured based on the aspects of written production of content, organization, grammar, mechanics, and vocabulary. It indicates that translanguaging can help the students achieve the target of writing in English. Translanguaging also assists students in learning English, making meaning, and being more active in class during classroom activities. Students can talk about topics more freely, which helps them express themselves in their writing.


We identified kazrin C as a human protein that inhibits clathrin-mediated endocytosis when overexpressed. We now generated kazrin knock out and GFP-kazrin C expressing MEF lines to investigate in detail its function in endocytic traffic. We find that kazrin depletion delays recycling of internalized material and causes accumulation and dispersal of early endosomes (EE), indicating a role in transport from the early to the perinuclear recycling endosomes (RE). Consistently, we found that the C-terminal domain of kazrin C, predicted to be an intrinsically disordered region (IDR), specifically interacts with several endosomal components, including Epsin Homology Domain (EHD) proteins, γ-adaptin, and phosphatidyl-inositol-3 phosphate. Further, kazrin C shares homology with dynein/dynactin adaptors, it directly interacts with the dynactin complex and the dynein light intermediate chain LIC1, and overexpressed GFP-kazrin C forms condensates that entrap EE in the vicinity of the centrosome, in a microtubule-dependent manner. Altogether, the data indicates that kazrin C facilitates cargo recycling by trapping EE or EE-derived transport intermediates at the perinuclear region, where transfer of cargo to the RE might occur.


We propose a scheme for building a 4-qubit square cluster using only two photons and two degrees of freedom: polarization and time-bin. This reduces the amount of resources required for optical cluster state computing.


In a bottle or can filling plant, the beverage should be chilled to an appropriate temperature. A plate heat exchanger is usually applied to do the cooling. In the current plants, the coolant is supplied from two coolant tanks, a high temperature tank and a low temperature one. We propose a new cooling method, which does not require those tanks. The coolant is supplied from the refrigeration unit directly to the plate heat exchanger. The flow of it is controlled, so that the temperature of the beverage at the outlet of the heat exchanger becomes the designated one. A bypass valve is used to control the flow of coolant. In order to improve the response and precision of the control, an observer and a regulator are introduced. Through simulations and experiments at a real plant, we can conclude that our proposed method can be utilized in actual filling plants.


IntroductionThe incidence of breast carcinoma is increasing worldwide, and breast cancer-related mortality is the highest in women of African ancestry. In Egypt, breast cancer accounts for 34.26% of all female cancers. Although progress has been made in the management of breast cancer, the genetic and molecular alterations are not fully understood. This has led to considerable efforts toward finding novel, clinically efficient, and readily available prognostic or predictive markers of breast cancer. One of the promising markers in cancer progression is TWIST, which, besides its oncogenic effect, promotes metastasis of cancer cells. Aim of workIn this study, we attempted to highlight the prognostic value of TWIST in invasive mammary duct carcinoma by comparing its expression with the different well-known prognostic factors of breast carcinoma. Patients and methodsThis study included the paraffin blocks of 50 Egyptian female patients with invasive duct carcinoma graded according to the Elston/Nottingham modification of the Bloom–Richardson system. Each paraffin block was subjected to TWIST immunostaining. ResultsAll studied cases showed positive TWIST expression that correlated significantly with tumor grade. A significant correlation was also observed with lymph node metastasis, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Her2/neu expression. ConclusionWe conclude that TWIST is a reliable prognostic marker in breast carcinoma as it correlates with different well-known factors of prognosis in breast carcinoma, which makes it an excellent molecular target for future therapy.


121Background: Mid-level providers, both nurse practitioners and physician assistants have comprehensive clinical training, however, they do not undergo in depth sub-specialty training prior to working within a sub-specialty practice. In addition, at our institution, often they are not integrated into academic culture resulting in dissatisfaction with educational opportunities. As a result, we set out to develop a needs based curriculum in order to provide focused learning opportunities for our mid-level providers and improve their satisfaction with the educational environment. Methods: An initial survey was sent to all mid-level providers within the division of hematology and oncology at a single institution. The survey evaluated attendance to currently available lecture series, satisfaction with the educational environment, and an assessment on practitioner comfort level in managing 19 clinical conditions commonly seen in oncology patients. All responses were voluntary and anonymous. A lecture series wa...


The main objective of this paper is to develop a framework for characterising project complexity in International Development (ID) projects. Contemporary challenges in ID projects have led to their growth in their complexity, which in recent years has driven researches in recent years to publish numerous papers that deal with this topic, demonstrating its importance in current project management research. Nevertheless, existing literature lacks in generally accepted framework that considers specifics of project complexity in ID projects. Thus, new framework was developed, based on a two-round Delphi survey, building upon existing TOE (technology-organisation-environment) framework with new empirical insights given from the experts in the field of ID projects. The main contribution of the paper is the validation of existing TOE complexity factors, in the context of International Development projects. Additionally, eight new complexity factors were proposed by the experts, and it was concluded that Environmental complexity had the biggest impact on International Development projects. From a managerial perspective, proposed complexity framework can be used for making a complexity footprint, which could indicate the critical areas of the project where complexity could be expected. In addition, the model represents a novel theoretical lens for assessing complexity in ID projects. 2019 CPE, University of Maribor. All rights reserved.


Legacy systems are business-critical systems that have been developed over the past decades. These systems are inflexible and have many issues. Therefore, they need to be modernised and migrated into new technological environments to reduce costs and to improve flexibility. Thus, a systematic review is conducted in this paper to consider legacy system modernisation strategies, which range from simple wrapping to full migration. The quality aspects of the migration process need to be considered when selecting a moderation strategy to satisfy the migration requirements. Therefore, this paper proposes the integration of quality into migration processes, which has a considerable impact on cost and risk.


Objective:To evaluate the degradation kinetic profile of Chuanhuning injection(CHN Inj.)under the changeable pH,temperature and light environments.Methods:The active components in the injection were quantified by HPLC.The stability of the injection was evaluated using classic isothermal method and multivariate linear model.The activation energy and shelf life in different pH settings were pre- dicted with Arrhenius equation.Results:The degradation reaction of the active components of CHN Inj.o- beyed pseudo-first-order kinetics.At the most optimal pH 6.0,the CHN Inj.was stable for 24 months. Conclusion:The kinetic profile was warranted for the investigation of the degradation mechanism.


A lecture and roundtable discussion in celebration of the reprint of Raumplan versus Plan Libre: Adolf Loos and Le Corbusier, 1919–1930 edited by Max Risselada.

This event will consist of introductory remarks by Max Risselanda, followed by a lecture by Aleksander Laslo, entitled "Raumplan, Plan Libre, or...," on the architectural work of Zlatko Neumann, pupil, coworker, and follower of Adolf Loos, and Ernest Weismann, co-worker and associate to Le Corbusier, and their respective interpretation—or rather amalgamation—of the Raumplan and Plan Libre principles. This talk will also cover the Central European architectural network of the late 1920s and 30s. The evening will conclude with a roundtable discussion between Max Risselada, Aleksander Laslo, Vedran Mimica, and Salomon Frausto.


There are provided an active regeneration method for a deionization module, and a water treatment apparatus using the same. The water treatment apparatus may include: a power applying unit applying power to the deionization module in order to perform a regeneration process a regeneration parameter measuring unit measuring a regeneration parameter of the deionization module when the power is applied; and a controlling unit terminating there generation process, based on the measured regeneration parameter.


This paper examines the human condition as portraye d in the film trilogy "The Matrix" . Furthermore it shows the relevance of the movies educational contr ibution with regard to its criticism of contemporar y life. The film reflects current threats to freedom experienced by movie-goers in a "real" world, heavi ly dependent on machines and electronic devices. It pr ovides an example of an applied popularized philosophy. It incorporates philosophical themes in the plot – reality, existence, knowledge, belief, free will, determinism, and cultural critique – and make s these themes approachable and palatable for a wider audience. I will argue that such contribution , though sometimes flawed, should be welcomed by educators of philosophy. Structure and Scope of this Paper The following glance on the current problem of educ ation and standing of philosophy as an academic discipline will be followed by a com pressed narration of the trilogy's core plot. However, the narration will concentrate mainly on the first installment. Then the paper then will analyze the human being an d its life or existence in the Matrix' simulated world and in the underground real world (the "desert of the real"). After highlighting some philosophical themes in the rilogy finally 'being in the Matrix' will be compared with being in our present day to day life. The three movies in the trilogy are "The Matrix" (1999), "The Matrix Reloaded" (2003), and "The Matrix Revolutions" (2003) directed by the brothers Larry and Andy Wachowsky. " The Matrix" – italicized and in inverted commas – refers to th e movie trilogy; the Matrix –with a capital non-itali cized "M" signifies the softwarehardware-system in the films. All three movies cont ai action scenes (with very limited philosophical significance) and dialogues – ome of which bear philosophical implications. Some of the statements in the movies' dialogues are based on the (partly misunderstood or misconceptualized) writings of the Fr nch sociologist and philosopher Jean Baudrillard. 1 However, I will not treat the heritage or receptio n of Baudrillard's philosophy in the movie, since my aim is to concentrate on the issues mentioned above. Besides that I will overlook logic al inconsistencies in the movie's storyline; and – although this is an interesting is sue in this trilogy – I will refrain from delving into the free-will/determinism debate. Also , as I identify and describe the "human existence" or being as portrayed in the tril ogy, I will not explore being in the Trainstation, which is a plot device used to interf ace "real world" and the Matrix. What should be added here – but will not be discus ed further since it departs from the "applied philosophy" thrust of my argument – a re the further ontological possibilities for the Matrix: The Matrix could be a dream, thought, or thought experiment of a single person (which it was in a wa y since the initial stage of the plot of the movie emerged from a single mind – the one o f its author): In such a scenario everything we see does not really happen as a story , but is the (recorded) projection of 1 e.g. Simulacra and Simulations (1988).


Just as the danger of epidemic diseases, which has arisen as a result of the density of population, has made it necessary to strengthen immunity to various diseases artificially (e. g. by protective inoculation), so too necessity has enforced the pursuit of those branches of learning which have as their objects the health of the mind and the prevention of mental disease. As a matter of fact, this is the import of all sciences: theology is devoted to love, the general panacea of psychic prophylaxis ; jurisprudence is devoted to the prevention of criminality; philosophy (especially ethics and esthetics) is entirely devoted to the foundations of human improvement; and finally medicine, the nature oS which is prophylactic in all its branches. In theology there is especially one fundamental conception which proves its deep community with psychic propylaxis -the importance of sacrifice'. The idea that all sins were laid on Jesus is assuredly no mere empty notion. Just as physically immune bodies are produced by inoculating a healthy, strong animal with the viruses of disease, so too does nature create psychically immune bodies by engrafting psycho-pathological alien features on individuals of a high type. Like the laboratory animal, genius (the founder of a religion) does not content himself with creating an antidote only for himself. Overimmunisation becomes the brilliantly ingenious act of creation, and works of art (the sources of religion) arc sent out like


This paper exploits three heterogeneous but complementary technologies along with a cellular automata particle filtering technique for enhancing localization positioning performance. The system is designed to meet challenging indoor operational conditions, thus different types of humanoid motions and industrial conditions were studied and evaluated according to qualitative attributes. In order to assess the proportional contribution of each navigation subsystem based on their accuracy, the extracted qualitative components are introduced to a particle filtering inference system. The final location estimate is calculated by applying different weights in the resampling stage depending on their accuracy performance for each time step. Experimental and simulation results have shown not only a reduced positioning error in terms of localization effectiveness but also a superior performance in several challenging industrial operational conditions. More accurate and real-time positioning is offered by the proposed method which can be also applied to any biped robot even in challenging operational conditions.


Ethnomusicological research is often focused on the study of individuals recognised as prominent musical innovators of their time, and fieldwork, as a fundamental method, is a meeting point of individuals and researchers. Direct encounters lead to interaction between interlocutors, that is, the selected individual, and ethnomusicologists, while indirect contacts include temporal and / or spatial distance, and are reduced to the study of certain biographical data, scores, transcriptions, audio / video recordings and other resources. In that sense, the study of the material legacy of Maksa Popov (1910-1973), published materials, as well as verbal statements of people who were in direct contact with him, sheds light not only on his biography, but also the potential reconstruction of tamburitza practice in Belgrade in the mid-20th century. The period of his activity was marked by significant socio-historical upheavals on the global and local level alike. All these circumstances inevitably affected the life and creative reach of Maksa Popov. Since he spent most of his professional career in Radio Belgrade (first as a musician in the Tamburitza Orchestra conducted by Aleksandar Aranicki, then as Artistic Director of the Radio Belgrade Tamburitza Orchestra, and finally, as a music producer and important figure in institutionalising show business networks), Maksa Popov's musical ethnography opens the possibility of perceiving a broader picture of tamburitza in the context of Belgrade before and after the Second World War.


A new method to capture the feature vectors of numeric alphabetic based on circles,lr-sides contour and row subsection is proposed by intergating the opinions of Statistic Feature Extraction and Structural Feature Extraction.It uses less feature vectors to keep the substantial information in the topologic structure of a numeric alphabetic,which has a very strong adaptability.In the imitating experiment,first the feature vectors extracted are to be assorted roughly based on the Structural Features(circle) of the numeric alphabetic,and then the other feature vectors is to be recognized and eliminated gradually making use of the AD AdaBoost neural network.The result shows that,this method not only has a faster speed of recognition,but also has a higher ratio of correct recognition.


A porous ionic liquid that can trap guest molecules, including simple alcohols and halocarbons, could pave the way for new separation technologies (Nat. Chem. 2020, DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0419-2). Chemists often use porous solids to separate molecules. But while solids typically require batch separations, porous liquids containing cage-like structures could perform separations in continuous-flow systems. Until now, though, porous liquids haven't trapped guest molecules larger than carbon dioxide or methane. Jonathan R. Nitschke at the University of Cambridge and colleagues created a porous liquid containing a tetrahedron of zinc ions surrounded by coordinating ligands, which forms a 6.2 A wide cavity between the ions. The ligands have long poly(ethylene glycol) tails that render the compound liquid at room temperature, along with charged imidazolium groups that repel one another, ensuring the tails cannot enter the cavity. The cage can capture propanol and butanol, with branched isomers binding more stro...


This study is carried out to get a stabilized red cloisonne glaze by using SiO₂-B₂O₃-PbO-R₂O system glaze frit and, gold and silber as coloring materials. In this study, copper plate is used as base metal and following batch composition which is selected from the Annual Report of the National Central Research Laboratory published in 1947, is used as base batch composition. Quartz 32, Minium 45, Borax 189, Potassium Corbonate 10, Potassiun Nitrate 2. Varing the SiO₂ and PbO component, sag point, chemical resistance and adherence are measured and compared with those of base frit. And adding gold and silver, colour change of the cloisonne due to the amount of the coloring materials are compared. Results are as follows. 1) The most suitable batch composition is quartz 32, minium 65, borax 18.9, potassium nitrate 2, potassium carbonate 10. 2) The colour of the cloisonne due to gold is red-violet, but the colour is varied from red- violet to red-orange by addition of silber.


Objective To investigate the clinical,pathological and endoscopic features of Melanosis Coli in young and middle-aged people.Methods Data of patients with Melanosis coli under 60 years old found from a total of 4 978 patients undergoing colonoscopy were analyzed.Results Sixty-one patients with Melanosis coli were found.Total detection rate was 1.23%,which was 1.32% in male and 1.16% in female respectively,they had significant difference(P0.05).Mean course of Melanosis coli lasted for 2 months to 30 years.Of 61 cases,70.5% was middle-aged patients,29.5% was youth,and they had significant difference(P0.05).One or more colonic sections were involved in most patients.Left and right hemicolon had a higher incidence rate.Of 61 cases,colonic adenoma was detected in 15 patients,colon carcinoma was detected in 2 patients;48 patients had constipation and 37 patients had history of laxative use.Conclusion The incidence rate of Melanosis coli in young and middle-aged people was consistant with that reported in other publication,male got a higher incidence rate than female.The pathological change of Melanosis coli mainly located in left and right hemicolon.It showed that Melanosis coli may be correlative with adenoma of colon and colon carcinoma,and it's invasion may be related to constipation and a history of laxative use.


The evolution history of gas diffusion velocity from overpressured sourcerock of Qing-shankou Group(K1qn) in Gulong sag has been studied based on the study of formation and evolution of the overpressure.The result shows that abnormal gas-bearing concentration of K1qn was formed in the early of K1n2 sedimentation period,then the gas began to diffuse upward and downward.Because abnormal gas-bearing concentration decreased to the smallest value,the gas diffusion was the weakest in the middle and late K1n4 sedimentation period and in the end of Quaternary sedimentation period.Therefore the gas diffusion of overpressured sourcerock of K1qn is divided into three evolution stages.The gas diffusion velocity increases gradually upward and downward in each stage,but the gas diffusion velocity downward is bigger than that upward.It is more favorable for gas in diffusion phase to accumulate in oil layer under K1qn than that above K1qn.This is the reason that gas accumulates much more in the oil layer under K1qn than that above K1qn.


Encoding note simultaneities (chords) has been approached in different ways, such as Roman numerals for tonal harmony, or pitch class sets encountered in atonal and non-tonal music. A novel chord representation, the General Chord Type (GCT) representation, was developed to be adaptable to a broad variety of harmonic idioms from tonal to atonal. Given a binary classification of intervals into consonant or dissonant, GCT rearranges the notes of a given simultaneity such that the base of the chord encoding is consonant. This study proposes a refined elegant version of the GCT algorithm that takes into account a graded raking of intervallic consonance, maintains the core characteristics of GCT and resolves known problems such as certain types of chord ambiguities (more than one chord types for a single pitch collection) and orderings of intervals (wrong base/root and chord extensions). To evaluate the performance of the new version, common tonal chords, whose encodings are well established, are compared with encodings from both versions, as well with other existing encoding systems. In the novel algorithm, ambiguous outputs are reduced significantly, inversions are correctly identified, and foreign chord notes are organised towards the most dissonant top end of the encodings. The algorithm performs well in atonal contexts by encoding Tn-Types with great accuracy.


We read with interest the paper by Zekry and colleagues, recently published in this journal, supporting that the relative contribution of dementia to adverse clinical outcomes is not invariably higher than for other risk factors in a geriatric population. Among 435 acute and rehabilitation hospital patients, the authors found that dementia predicts only discharge to a nursing home but not in-hospital death, length of stay, and formal home care need (Zekry et al., 2009). To discuss this point, we would like to evaluate not only the contribution of dementia, but also of delirium and of delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD) on adverse clinical outcomes. In fact, since delirium and DSD might reflect an underlying relapse in chronic diseases (Bellelli et al., 2007; Bellelli and Trabucchi, 2008),wehypothesized that these two conditions should havean impactgreater thandementiaalone todetermine adverse clinical outcomes in a population of elderly patients. Our population consisted of 2340 patients consecutively discharged to our Rehabilitation and Aged Care Unit (RACU) from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2006. All of them received on admission a standardized multidimensional assessment including age, gender, living arrangement, physical health (Charlson comorbidity index, Body Mass Index, and number of drugs on admission and at discharge), and functional status (Barthel Index based on proxy reports and referenced to 1 month prior to admission for nonsurgical patients and prior to the acute event that lead to surgery for surgical patients).Diagnosis of dementiawas obtained in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -III R criteria (DSM III, 1987) after a standardized approach, including assessment of cognitive and functional capacity, reviews of previous clinical and neuropsychological charts, and scores on Mini Mental State Examination and/or other neuropsychological tests. The presence of delirium was investigated with the Confusion Assessment Method (Inouye, 2006), where delirium was defined as the presence of acute onset or fluctuating course, inattention, and either disorganised thinking, or altered level of consciousness. Table 1 shows the main clinical features of the whole population after stratification into four groups according topresenceof dementia alone (Dem), deliriumalone (Del), delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD), or neither of them (noDel noDem) during their RACU admission. Patients with DSD were significantly older, lived less frequently alone, and were more frequently transferred from acute hospital wards than in the other groups. Furthermore, they also were more malnourished, had a higher comorbidity, a poorer functional status both one month before admission and on admission, and a worse cognitive status than the other 3 groups. The number of drugs on admission and at discharge were higher in patients with Del, followed by those with DSD, NoDel NoDem, and Dem in a decreasing order. Moreover, DSD was significantly associated not only to institutionalization, but also to an increased


J. R. Jones, at the age of forty, became Professor of Philosophy at Swansea in 1952. At the age of eighteen he had enrolled as a student at the University College of Wales Aberystwyth (as it was then known) and three years later he graduated with a brilliant first-class honors degree in Philosophy. This was followed by an equally fine Master's thesis in two years. The next three years Jones spent at Oxford reading for his D.Phil. and from there he returned to Aberystwyth as a junior lecturer. From Aberystwyth he was appointed to the chair in Swansea. Eighteen years later, he died at the age of fifty-eight.


SUMMARY Oilseeds are one of the most valuable crops in Turkey's agriculture and economy as they are the most important source of vegetable oil, feed for livestock and, as of recently, biodiesel feedstock. At the present time, Turkey cannot even meet its own demand for oilseeds, and this problem stems mainly from a lack of planning in the production phase. At present, more than half of the country's need for oil is s met by imports and the import value of crude vegetable oil and oilseed crops is the second largest figure in the country's total exchange expenditures, trailing only petroleum products. In the last two decades, although the total oilseeds production has increased nearly 20%, the area planted to oilseeds has gone down by 12%. Among oilseeds, soybean has been hit the hardest, as the area planted to the crop and its production decreased by 80% and 68%, respectively. In the Black Sea region, including the Samsun and Ordu provinces, which used to be the country's largest soybean producer, soybean areas and production have also decreased drastically. The soybean acreage and production in the Samsun province have dropped by 60% and 18%, respectively. Worse still, in the Ordu province, where the country's first soybean oil factory was set up in 1965, soybean is not grown anymore. Farmers in the two provinces have started gravitating mostly towards hazelnut production, resulting in a nine-fold and two-fold increase in the Samsun and Ordu provinces, respectively. Sunflower, the major oilseed crop of Turkey, currently provides approximately 50% of the country's total oilseed supply. Over the years, sunflower production in Turkey has followed an ever-fluctuating course. The situation is even worse in the Central Black Sea region including Samsun, Çorum and Amasya provinces, where sunflower area have decreased by 54%, 53% and 72%, respectively. On the other hand, the self-sufficiency ratio in sunflower consumption has decreased from 70% in 2000 to 38% in 2007. The excessive decrease in the self-sufficiency ratio should be regarded as an alarm bell for sunflower and must be taken seriously without delay if the country does not want to play out the same tragic scenario as in the case of soybean. It should always be kept in mind that strategic planning for the future in most cases depends on past history.


The Bureau of Mines conducted research to develop triggered barrier systems for protection against gas explosions that can occur in underground coal mines during the use of continuous miners. A number of extinguishing agents were tested in barriers at a simulated mine face. Water powered by pressurized nitrogen was found to be efficient in stopping fully developed gas explosions, but had little effect against the explosion during its incipient stage. Hybrid combinations of currently known extinguishants, however, were successful against incipient explosions. Three hybrids which were tested, consisted of Halon 1301, combined with one of the following: (1) aqueous foam solution, (2) water, or (3) dry chemical powder. The three hybrids were found to be more efficient than any constituent alone. Results of the tests point to a synergism between the hybrid components, and indicate that the Halon aids in dispersing its constituent and also converts the aqueous foam solution into a stable fine foam and the water into fine drops.


Polyomaviridae members are DNA viruses that infect a variety of species. Since the first polyomavirus was isolated in 1953, technological advancements have led to the discovery of many polyomaviruses in multiple species. The Polyomavirus Episteme curates data about each polyomavirus, drawing from public databases to present known taxonomic, genomic, and clinical information about polyomaviruses. ABSTRACT Polyomaviridae members are DNA viruses that infect a variety of species. Since the first polyomavirus was isolated in 1953, technological advancements have led to the discovery of many polyomaviruses in multiple species. The Polyomavirus Episteme curates data about each polyomavirus, drawing from public databases to present known taxonomic, genomic, and clinical information about polyomaviruses.


Using a mechanistic approach, equations are developed to describe the stratified cocurrent flow of gas-liquid mixtures in horizontal pipes. An iterative method is suggested for their solution.

Experimental data were collected using air-oil mixtures in a one inch 1. D. by 101 ft. long acrylic pipe. Pressure drop and average in situ liquid volume fraction are presented as a function of the superficial gas velocity and are compared with predicted results from this study and other models reported in the literature.

Visual observation of flow patterns and their transitions are indicated on the tentative flow pattern map of Govier and Aziz(1).


The polychaete assemblage composition, distribution and density in Tha Chin mangrove estuary, Samut Sakhon province were studied. Five sampling stations were set along transect from the landward edge of the mangrove forest to the seaward mudflat comprised of Sonneratia forest (TC-S) Rhizophora plantation of 8 years (TC-R) Natural Avicennia forest (TC-A) Natural Avicennia forest on seaward side (TC-AA) and tidal mudflat. A total of six families with 9 genera of polychaetes were found, including Capitellidae ( Notomastus , Neomediomastus ), Nephtyidae ( Nephtys ), Nereididae ( Dendronereis, Namalycastis , Nereis ), Pilargiidae ( Sigambra ), Spionidae ( Minuspio ) and Sabellidae. The nereidid polychaete, Namalycastis sp. was the most abundant and widely distributed in the mangrove forest while nereidid polychaete, Nereis sp. was dominated in the tidal mudflat. Polychaete community structure was categorized in to three major groups: (1) those in the tidal mudflat outside the forest in dry season; (2) those in the tidal mudflat outside the forest in rainy season and (3) those in mangrove forest areas. The results showed the distribution and abundances of polychaetes in the mangrove forest were closely related to organic contents and silt-clay fraction in sediment, biomass of leaf litter of mangrove vegetation, temperature and pH of the interstitial water. The nereidid polychaete, Namalycastis sp. can be used as the indicator to monitor and assess mangrove fertility. Keywords : polychaetes ; Tha Chin mangrove estuary ; Samut Sakhon Province


For the cylinder head of 12150diesel engine,the transient dynamic calculation of in-cylinder combustion excitation was carried out with the direct integral method.By comparing theory analysis with test data,the correlations of vibration displacement,vibration velocity and vibration acceleration with combustion parameters were disclosed and the influence of speed variation on vibration response of in-cylinder combustion excitation was researched.The results show that the vibration displacement of cylinder head,the vibration velocity and the vibration acceleration signal can reflect the trend of cylinder pressure,the pressure rise rate and the pressure rise acceleration respectively.When speed changes,the corresponding correlations of the three parameters can still keep good stability.The cylinder pressure recognition model established based on AdaBoost_BP integrated neural networks with vibration displacement signal can identify the combustion faults of diesel engine accurately and has good generalization and accuracy.


This paper proposes a simulated annealing-based metaheuristic hybrid to find the maxima of the overall desirability function.In this approach,the simulated annealing(SA) algorithm is employed to explore the searching space,the pattern search(PS) algorithm being employed to refine the so-obtained solutions.The SA and PS are cooperated in two different manners: the pipeline manner and the embedded manner.We use a numerical example for illustration,and the results reveal that the pipeline type of the algorithm has powerful global search ability as well as good convergence precision.


In this paper, we model the negotiation process of creating a pool of leased but unused resources among an Infrastructure Provider (InP) and its customers Virtual Network Operators (VNOs) by using a repeated game. InP offers VNOs compensation for returning unused leased resources, with the objective of creating the mentioned pool of resources to allocate to new VNOs when resource requests arrive from them. Through this negotiation, InP avoids SLA violation penalty induced by arbitration and migration and VNOs receive compensations, thus both are financially benefitted. We numerically evaluate the improvement in the utilities for InP and VNOs provided by our proposed two strategies, which outperforms a conventional strategy.


How to heighten the validity of ideological political work is a general problem to which educational workers pay attention. The paper discusses the project-oriented management and scientific operation, using PDCA recurrent managerial approach to put ideological political work into beneficial cycle through schemes, execution, inspection and action, realize minimizing investment but maximization effect and enhance the validity of ideological political work.


We describe low-lying collective states in deformed even-even nuclei within a deformed quasiparticle random-phase approximation (dQRPA) by using a single-particle basis with good angular momentum. The statistical factors, accounting for the level occupancy, appear in the dQRPA in a natural way as rotation coefficients that take the intrinsic system to the laboratory system. We have used our model by performing a systematic analysis of E2 transitions from the first ${2}^{+}$ state to the ground state for all superfluid nuclei in the range $50lZ\ensuremath{\le}100$ by using a common charge polarization parameter $\ensuremath{\chi}=0.2$. In spite of its similarity to the QRPA, this method is able to describe in an unified way gross features of electromagnetic transitions from vibrational to rotational nuclei.


This paper will overview the significant issues facing researchers in relating the impact of exposure to sunlight and human health. Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation is the major causative factor in most sun-related skin and eye disorders, however, very little is known quantitatively about human UV exposures. Interestingly, human exposure to sunlight also has a nutritional impact, namely the development of pre-Vitamin D, which is an important nutrient in bone health. New research suggest that low vitamin D status may be a causative factor in the development of selective types of cancer and autoimminue diseases, as well as a contributing factor in bone health. The 'health duality' aspect of sunlight exposure is an interesting and controversial topic that is a research focus of Kimlin's research group.


Electrophoretic karyotyping of the two most widely studied strains of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, BKMF‐1767 and ME‐446, has been determined using transverse alternating field etectrophoresis. The genomic DNA of BKMF‐1767 was resolved into 10 chromosomes ranging in size from 1.8–5.0 Mb, amounting to a total genome size of about 29 Mb. The genomic DNA of strain ME‐446, on the other hand, was resolved into 11 chromosomes, amounting to a total genome size of about 32Mb. Lignin peroxidase genes have been localized to five chromosomes in strain BKMF‐1767 and to four chromosomes in strain ME‐446.


In this paper, the root cause analysis of excessive zero-sequence currents is conducted when energizing parallel autotransformers in a power system. The studied system is a large international airport in Canada, where its power is supplied by both utility and local distributed generation (DG) feeding the load through two parallel autotransformers. Recent field records indicated that when the utility, local generators and the first autotransformer were in operation, and the second autotransformer was already energized from its low voltage side, at this moment, closing the circuit breaker on the high voltage side of the second autotransformer caused rich third and ninth order harmonic currents and the subsequent over-current ground relay (51G) tripping. Through this research, it is determined that the root cause of the problem is the saturation of the two autotransformers. The PSCAD/EMTDC simulation is conducted for the system, and the simulation model is benchmarked using field measurement data. Two methods are developed in this paper to calculate the maximum RMS zero-sequence current flowing through the two autotransformers: 1) an analytical based simplified equivalent circuit method and 2) a curve fitting based mathematical equation method. The solutions to prevent misoperation of the ground relay are proposed and their effectiveness is validated.


The ossification of ligamenta flava (OLF) or the calcification of ligamenta flava in cervical spine is relatively rarer, compared with that in thoracic and lumbar segments. 19 cases of OLF in Chinese were reported (6 cases were diagnosed pathologically, 13 cases were diagnosed according to operation and imaging finding). According to the review of these cases,it was found that cervical myolopathy was mostly causes by OLF in combination with the ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) or developmental cervical spinal canal stenosis ect., which was different from the lesion in thoracic area.The possible mechanism and clinical features of OLF, as well as its diagnosis and treatment methods were discussed.Author's address Department of Orthopaedics,The Third Teaching Hospital of Beijing Medical University, Beijing, 100083


The necessity of sample data preprocessing for least squares support vector machines(LSSVM)-based satellite clock bias(SCB)prediction is analyzed,and three preprocessing methods are given,including normalization,centralization and once difference between adjacent epoch.Through the comparative analysis of the prediction results derived form different preprocessing methods,it is found that the influence of three preprocessing methods on LSSVM-based SCB prediction is different, and the prediction accuracy with once difference is the highest.It is also concluded that the LSSVM model based on the once difference method outperforms the quadratic polynomial(QP)and Grey Model(GM)in SCB prediction.


A highly ef?cient synthesis of novel pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ols was developed via an iodine-catalyzed tandem oxidative cyclization under focused microwave irradiation. Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ols were obtained from easily available 2-amino-4-aryl-6-arylnicotinamides and benzylic amines with good to excellent yields.


The invasion of a novel habitat often results in a variety of new selective pressures on an individual. One pressure that can severely impact population establishment is predation. The strategies that animals use to minimize predation, especially the extent to which those strategies are habitat or predator speci fi c, will subsequently affect individuals ' dispersal abilities. The invasion of land by a fi sh, the Paci fi c leaping blenny, Alticus arnoldorum , offers a unique opportunity to study natural selection following the coloni- zation of a novel habitat. Various studies have examined adaptations in respiration and locomotion, but how these fi sh have responded to the predation regime on land was unknown. We studied fi ve replicate populations of this fi sh around the island of Guam and found their body coloration converged on the terrestrial rocky backgrounds on which the fi sh were most often found. Subsequent experiments con fi rmed that this background matching signi fi cantly reduced predation. Natural selection has therefore selected for background matching in the body coloration of the Paci fi c leaping blenny to minimize predation, but it is a strategy that is habitat speci fi c. A subsequent comparative study of closely related blenny species suggested that the evolutionary ancestor of the Paci fi c leaping blenny might have resembled the rocky backgrounds on land prior to invasion. The ancestors of the Paci fi c leaping blenny may therefore have already been ideally suited for the predator regime on land. More generally our results imply that animals must either already possess antipredator strategies that will be effective in new environments, or must adapt very quickly to new predation pressures if successful establishment is to occur. (cid:1) 2013 The Association for the


Hypercomplex numbers are unital algebras over the real numbers. We offer a short demonstration of the practical value of hypercomplex analytic functions in the field of partial differential equations.


A study was conducted to assess the environmental costs associated with the health impact of air pollution resulting from mobile sources in the city of Pereira. Through this research, it was found that air pollution by particulate matter (PM 10 ) is a statistically significant variable, although not the only way to explain the morbidity from acute respiratory infection (ARI) in age group over 5 years. From correlation analysis and a simulation model built, it was possible to estimate that an increase in annual exposure 1µg/m 3 of PM10 can produce 1979 of sick people by ARI and


Recording data on a recording medium, an apparatus for reproducing data from a recording medium. The apparatus includes a pickup unit including an objective lens and a solid immersion lens (SIL) light to be incident on the recording medium, and receiving light reflected from the recording medium, and a photoelectric means for outputting a control signal, by using a control signal outputted from the photoelectric means, and a controller for controlling the pick-up unit. The control signal includes a tilt error signal by the skew of the recording medium.


Objective To understand the common symptoms distribution of sub-health and disease status distribution among rural residents in Xinxiang city of Henan province.Methods A total of 665 rural residents were enrolled by using multi-stage stratified cluster randomized sampling method.Questionnaires designed by ourselves and the Cornell Medical Index(CMI) was employed.The incidences of various sub-health symptoms were analysed.Results The overall incidence of physical and mental sub-health was 22.1%,it was 22.0% for the male and 22.1% for female,respectively.The overall incidence of mental sub-health was 8.1%,which was 7.5% for male and 8.5% for female,which reached to the highest among the groups aged 41-50 years(23.9%).Most common symptoms of sub-health in the rural residents occurred to neuroendocrine system(45.1%),followed by respiratory system(28.6%),cardiovascular system(13.1%),motor system(9.5%),and digestive system(3.7%).The common symptoms of sub-health included insomnia,poor eyesight,temper,often troubled,eye blinking and tears,sleep difficulties,cough,sore throat,sneezing,expectoration,stuffy nose,hands and feet cramps,tachycardia,joint and limb pain,irregular diet,etc.For rural residents of Henan province,chronic diseases occurred most to cardiovascular system(21.8%),which was followed by digestive system(8.3%),neuroendocrine system(5.7%),respiratory system(4.9%),exercise system(3.1%),and other system(7.6%).Conclusion The most common symptoms of sub-health in the rural residents occurred to neuroendocrine system,followed by respiratory system,cardiovascular system,motor system and digestive system.For rural residents of Henan province,chronic diseases occurred most to cardiovascular system,which was followed by digestive system neuroendocrine system respiratory system exercise system,and other system sub-health happened most to those systems which are most susceptible for chronic diseases.


Light-front quantization of the conformally gauge-fixed Polyakov D1 brane action with a scalar dilaton field is studied using the equal light-cone world-sheet time framework.


The article points out current problems in the cooperation between vocational schools and enterprises.In the premise of using many ways to promote the cooperation between schools and enterprises,the key is to achieve consensus, with the focus of forming the unity,while it is ensured by win-win scenario.


: The current systematic review aimed at investigating different medications commonly used for procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) in emergency departments (EDs) for adults. The articles related to the subject of interest were searched in five electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, up to 2019. The blinded, randomized, controlled, clinical trials comparing common PSA medications, including midazolam, etomidate, propofol, fentanyl, ketamine, and ketofol, among the adults undergoing PSA in EDs were included in the study. The search process resulted in the inclusion of 35 papers in the study. The main information, including clinical features, sedation duration, recovery time, and incidence of adverse events, was extracted from the selected studies. Based on the reviewed studies, various combinations of medications are used for PSA depending on the hospital protocols and policies; however, there is still controversy over the best choice. As the results of the retrieved articles indicated, propofol is the most common medication used for PSA in EDs due to the shorter time of induction, rapid recovery of consciousness, and fewer side effects. Etomidate and ketamine were also identified as other common sedatives applied for PSA.


Microscopy allows us to observe objects we cannot see with our 4 eyes alone. With a light microscope, we can distinguish objects at 5 the scale of the wavelengths of visible light just under a microme6 ter. Around 1870 Ernst Abbe, who laid the foundation of modern 7 optics, suggested that the resolution of a microscope would improve 8 by using some yet-unknown radiation with shorter wavelengths than 9 visible light, that is, below 390 nanometers (1 nm= 10−9 m). Elec10 trons can have wavelengths near 1 picometer (1 pm= 10−12 m) and 11 should therefore allow atoms to be distinguished, since they are typ12 ically at least a few hundred pm apart. In this oversimplified view, 13 further decreasing the wavelength of the radiation should allow us to 14 increase the resolution of an electron microscopy even more. However, 15 this can only be done by increasing the energy of the radiation, which 16 would ultimately destroy the samples. Other factors also affect the 17 resolution of electron microscopes, among them non-ideal imaging 18 properties of electromagnetic lenses, which result in false images. It 19 took more than half a century to understand and control these aber20 rations and separate objects less than 1 Ångstrom (1 Å = 10−10 m) 21 apart. 22 At the Technische Universität Berlin in 1931, Max Knoll and his 23 doctoral student Ernst Ruska showed that magnetic coils could be 24 used as lenses for electrons and thereby cleared the path to developing


This case study focuses on a nulligravid 19-year-old woman who experienced a difficult and uncomfortable situation when a levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine contraceptive was being administered. It also discusses: the types of intrauterine contraceptives currently available in the United States the contraindications to the use of intrauterine contraception the appropriateness of intrauterine contraception in nulliparous women the best time to insert intrauterine contraceptives the recommended screening for women planning to use or currently using intrauterine contraception the use of misoprostol for cervical preparation the common complaints after insertion the issue of parental consent and the protocol for women who may become pregnant with a uterine contraceptive in place.


This study compared the instructional effectiveness and efficiency of three word-reading interventions on cumulative number of words read accurately and cumulative learning rate. Participants were six first graders who needed intensive intervention services. Alternating treatment designs were used to compare the effects of interspersal drill, a phonic analysis method consisting of word boxes (WB), and traditional drill and practice procedure on word-reading performance. The current study extended this line of inquiry by including a phonic analysis condition and a measure of generalization. Results revealed that four students' cumulative word-reading performances were greater under the phonic analysis condition. However, all students' cumulative rate of reading words was greater under the traditional drill and practice condition. As a group, there were no significant differences across conditions on maintaining and generalizing words. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 319–332, 2007.


The power of the Commonwealth to confer authority on members of the Executive or Administration is restricted by the Constitution in two major respects-first, by the principle of the separation of powers, and secondlY,by the doctrine that no law can give power to any person (other than a court) to determine conclusively _any issue upon 'Yhich the constitutional validity of the law depends. The second doctrine is sometimes metapholically summed up in the maxim "the stream cannot rise above its source".1 The separation of powers principle affects a wider ·range of decision-ma~g.than the "source and stream" doctrine; but the latter doctrine, within the area .of its operation, appears to be a greater limitation on legislative power.


Let k be an infinite field and A a standard G-algebra. This means that there exists a positive integer n such that A = R/I where R is the polynomial ring R := k[Xv …, Xn] and I is an homogeneous ideal of R. Thus the additive group of A has a direct sum decomposition A = ⊕ At where AiAj ⊆ Ai+j . Hence, for every t ≥ 0, At is a finite-dimensional vector space over k. The Hilbert Function of A is defined by


Toluene is a well known reproductive toxicant in both human and experimental animals. In this study, the effect of toluene exposure on the testis of male rats of different ages (42, 52, and 70 days) was examined to clarify whether toluene toxicity is an age dependent. Toluene (200 mg/kg bw) subcutaneously injected once a day for four weeks was found to decrease serum concentration of testosterone in all treated rats. Further decreases in the total testis proteins, total lipids and nucleic acids, as well as the activities of the testicular enzymes, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were recorded, and found to be more marked in the young animals of 42 days old. On contrary, the study showed increased lipid peroxidation level along with a decline in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the testes of different toluene exposed rats, particularly the younger ones. This was confirmed by the morphometric analysis, as evidenced by the severe reduction in the number of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and sperms in the testes of the young (42 days) toluene intoxicated animals compared to the other tested groups (52 and 70 days old). Based on these findings, it could be concluded that toluene-induced testicular toxicity is an age dependent, with the stronger toxicity being achieved among the young immature animals of 42 days old.


The disturbing effect of a thin wire on the radiation pattern of a quarter-wave monopole is measured. Theories based on the geometrical theory of diffraction are shown to give good approximation to the measured results.


The tea series including bag tea, instant solid tea and liquid tea is made of Bingling herb, dandelion herb, chrysanthemum flower, etc. and is rich in Ca, Fe and natural anticancer components. It features having medical functions of antipyresis, detoxication, resisting infection and improving immunity.


Objective To review and summarize the experiences of mitral valve replacement in the children aged less than five years.Methods Twelve patients with moderate to severe mitral valve regurgitation (MR) or/and severe mitral valve stenosis (MS) were retrospectively study from January 2008 to December 2011,all of them suffered from severe heart failure and underwent mechanical mitral valve replacement.There were 9 males and 3 females.They aged from 4 to 58 months [mean (26.2 ± 18.1) months] and weighted from 5.6 to 13.0 kg [mean (9.6 ± 3.8) kg].Three patients underwent unsuccessful mitral valve repair before mitral valve replacement.17 to 23 mm aortic bileaflet mechanical prosthesis were reverse directional implanted in nine patients and 25 to 27 mm mitral bileaflet mechanical prosthesis were implanted in three patients.Results One patient died,the operative mortality rate was 8.3%.2 patients were complicated by cardiac arrhythmia and 2 patients complicated by mild hemolysis,all recovered after symptomatic treatment.The heart function of servived 11 patients improved significantly,none of them were complicated by haemorrhage or thromboembolic.Conclusion Severe mitral valve lesion injure heart function significantly for the young children and timely surgical intervention is the only option.Mitral valve replacement is the ultimate option for the patients failed in mitral valve annuloplasty.The introduction of aortic bileaflet mechanical prosthesis which smaller size is available and reverse directional implantation resolve the difficulty of prosthesis-patient mismatch essentially,most children with a small prosthesis has to redo mitral valve replacement with a larger size prosthesis.The compliance of permanent anticoagulation of young children is favourable and more intensively follow-up is essential to avoid the incidence of bleeding and thromboembolic.

Key words:
Mitral valve; Heart valve prosthesis implantation; Child


Due to the influence of bad social culture such as hedonism,the immaturity of the consumption psychology of the college students,and the lack of education and direction about consumption from family and school,more and more college students fall in debts during their school life.If leave them alone,the college students with debts might do harm to the school and the society.So,colleges should take all kinds of methods to guide college students to finance and consume rationally,so as to cultivate more talents suitable to the needs of the society.


"Dynamism is the rule of life and creative methods are used to bring required changes in the system, processes and policies." In the today's era of trajectory competition, the professionalism is buzz word for success of any organization. Today's educational Institution and Universities Administration is found lacking in practice of professional HRM & OB. The numbers of these organizations are increasing leap and bound. Though such growth is the need of hour for a nation like ours, also the same is on the merit of Ministry of HRD. Mr. Kapil Sibal has started many programs for enhancing quality of education at higher level, the quality of education, philosophy of these institutions and their working environment has remain the worry of specialists and think tanks of this nation. The aim of this article is to highlight the grey area of HRM and OB management application in the working environment of these institutions, which also includes management institutions. Though, the same is taught in these institutions and found lacking in their own administration. Almost all educational institutions are striving hard to achieve quality in their research and development or facing the problem of attrition rate. Since, the concept of professional HRM and OB is found far away from implementation in these institutions. This article may remind the professionals and the employees specially the Registrar or Chief Administrative Officer who have been appointed as the leader for human resource development (HRD) as their perceived role in these organizations. However, generally they either found indulged in routine clerical work or in facilities administration rather than developing human resource and creating an environment of motivation in organizational culture. There seems to be confusion of role playing in the educational institution regarding, so as to, who will look after these roles? (e.g., HRD). The answer to this question was hardly found in any of these institutions where ever the authors got opportunity to share their experiences directly or indirectly.


AcrAB-TolC is a major efflux pump in Escherichia coli. It was reported that tolC is overexpressed and involves in improving the organic solvent tolerance level in Escherichia coli marR mutants that are resistant to several antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin. Low and intermediate levels resistance did not improve organic solvent tolerance. Thus, it was decided to measure tolC expression and organic solvent tolerance in high level ciprofloxacin resistant mutants. tolC expression was measured by real time PCR and organic solvent tolerance assay was conducted by counting bacterial colonies on LBGMg agar. Results showed that tolC expression was increased significantly (P<0.05) and organic solvent tolerance was slightly improved in high resistant mutants. It was concluded that high organic solvent tolerance may need higher expression of tolC.


Silica Distribution in Oxidized Biwabik Iron Formation: Ore-Waste Cutoff Prediction Oxidation of iron formation in the Mesabi Iron Range, Minnesota, has negatively impacted recovery of the main ore mineral, magnetite, by two mechanisms. First, magnetite has been partially or completely oxidized to hematite (martite), which is not magnetically separable. Second, silica has been remobilized during the oxidation process, and comprises a higher percentage of the ore concentrate than is desirable due to its altered grain size, making it difficult to grind sufficiently. Fluid inclusion data showed that fault-channeled, diagenesis-stage fluids (mean T homog = 154° C; mean salinity = 9.5 wt% NaCl equivalent) were responsible for early oxidation of iron formation: this event is distinct from later, widespread, shallow-level supergene (lateritic) oxidation. Petrographic and SEM examination of rocks from early-oxidized zones show rims of recrystallized quartz around variably-oxidized magnetite in samples in which Fe-talc and/or minnesotaite have been oxidized to goethite, indicating silica redistribution during oxidation. No such rims have been noted in later (supergene)-oxidized iron formation, implying they may have formed only under diagenetic conditions. Additionally, quartz micro veins have filled fractures formed in magnetite grains caused by faulting in some ore zones. This study focuses on the cause and effect of silica remobilization with an eye to enabling prediction of the ore-waste cutoff in a mine from visual inspection of variably oxidized iron formation. 2 Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato, Vol. 13 [2013], Art. 7 https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/jur/vol13/iss1/7 Silica Distribution in Oxidized Biwabik Iron Formation: Ore-Waste Cutoff Prediction By: Ryan Rague Banded iron formations are the world's primary source of iron, and their geology has been studied for over a century (Leith, 1903). A classic example of a Banded Iron Formation that has been metamorphosed (altered) by the dissolution and recrystallization of silica is the Mesabi Iron Range of northern Minnesota (Leith, 1903; Gruner, 1946; Marsden et al., 1968). The Mesabi Iron Range forms a 150 km long by 6 km wide outcrop of 1.85 billon year old rock, known as the Biwabik Iron Formation. The range has been economically affected by the oxidation of iron formation, negatively impacting the efficiency at which the mine can magnetically separate the main ore mineral, magnetite. In places throughout the mines, magnetite has been partly to completely oxidized to the mineral hematite, which is not amenable to magnetic separation (Losh and Rague, 2011). Additionally, silica has been remobilized by fluid flow during the oxidation process, recrystallizing quartz 'halos' around the perimeter of magnetite grains, resulting in less magnetic iron-ore. Near fault zones, silica recrystallization occurs in micro-fractures in magnetite grains, posing an issue when separating quartz and amenable iron-ore. The goal of my geologic research at Minnesota State University was to develop more efficient methods of silica prediction in oxidized ore zones in the Mesabi Iron Range. From an economic standpoint, the issue is simple: silica concentration in oxidized iron ore concentrate is unacceptably high (>5% conc. wt.). Iron ore is pulverized and then magnetically separated to extract the greatest amount of iron-bearing minerals. The smallest size of pulverized ore is ~40μm, resulting in excess silica content in the iron ore concentrate if the quartz is less than 40μm in size. The excess silica lowers the quality of the taconite pellets that are produced from the iron ore concentrate, to manufacture steel. In summary, the more silica that remains connected to magnetite grains when pulverized and magnetically separated, the lower the profit margin of the mining operation. There are three primary mine locations on the Mesabi Range that we sampled (appendix 1). The primary site of study was the Hibbtac Mine, located in Hibbing, Minnesota, on the southwest section of the iron range. The second and third sites of study are the Thunderbird and Fayal Mines, located within close proximity to each other, in the center of the iron range. These mine sites allowed increased accessibility and represent the greatest amount of rock samples analyzed. Samples from the LTV #6 deposit were also analyzed, however fewer samples were collected. Oxidation in the Biwabik Iron Formation occurs in two major processes: near surface-lateritic oxidation and deep oxidation. Near surface oxidation (appendix 2) is characterized by chert peloid dissolution. The remaining voids are lined with red, microplaty hematite. Magnetite in 3 Rague: Silica Distribution in Oxidized Biwabik Iron Formation: Ore-Waste Published by Cornerstone: A Collection of Scholarly and Creative Works for Minnesota State University, Mankato, 2013 these lateritic ore systems is locally overgrown by goethite, resulting in the formation of 'Natural' Ore, the primary iron source of the 20 th century. Deeply oxidized ore zones (appendix 3) are characterized by the oxidation of iron-talc to a fibrous, distinctly high temperature goethite that is indicative by early oxidation, determined by fluid inclusion analysis (Losh & Rague, 2011). The reaction between iron-talc, water and oxygen, produces equal volumes of goethite and quartz. Most notably, quartz has been remobilized at depth during deep oxidation, however it has not been completely dissolved, as documented with chert peloid dissolution during near surface oxidation. To evaluate the effects of oxidation and quartz recrystallization in the iron formation, fluid inclusion thermometry and petrographic and scanning electron microscopic analysis was performed. Analyzed rock includes a traverse of samples collected from oxidized and unoxidized iron formation (appendix 4), including several fault zones (appendix 4 & 5). The mineralogical, chemical and structural variations between ore zones were analyzed to determine where zones of iron formation were impacted by silica recrystallization. The results of this study also conclude an additional event in the known geologic history of the Biwabik Iron Formation. Fluid inclusion analysis was conducted to determine some of the fluid sources responsible for depositing quartz in the iron formation. Fluid inclusions are pockets of fluid and vapor that were trapped as the mineral precipitated into solid form (appendix 6). Fluid included into quartz varies chemically, depending upon the conditions from which the dissolved silica was deposited. Temperature manipulation was performed on primary and secondary inclusions to determine where the silica was derived. Heating the fluid inclusions to the point of fluid and vapor homogenization determined the minimum temperature of the fluid present during the time of mineral crystallization. Freezing the inclusion with liquid nitrogen and allowing it to thaw provides the melting temperature from which salinity (amount of dissolved salts) of the fluid inside the inclusion can be calculated (Bodnar, 1993). Higher homogenization temperatures (compared to surficial fluid temperature) and salinities are expected in oxidizing recrystallized quartz halos and recrystallized quartz veins. The analysis of hundreds of fluid inclusions concluded a cumulative average homogenization temperature of 155.1°C, with a fault quartz average homogenization temperature of 157°C and a recrystallized quartz average homogenization temperature of 147.4°C (appendix 7). The cumulative average inclusion salinity was 8.3 wt. % NaCl and the fault quartz average inclusion salinity was 9.5 wt. % NaCl (appendix 8). The results of the fluid inclusion analysis concluded that near surface, lateritic oxidation, responsible for the deposition of natural ore, was not the only oxidation and quartz remobilization episode in the history of the Biwabik Iron Formation. The high homogenization temperature and salinities provide evidence of an early oxidation and alteration event in which hot fluids, derived from depth flowed upward in the iron formation, recrystallizing quartz, particularly in fault zones. In addition to high temperature and 4 Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato, Vol. 13 [2013], Art. 7 https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/jur/vol13/iss1/7 salinities, cooler homogenization temperature and lower salinities were also documented, insisting that near surface, lateritic oxidation occurred after a deep alteration event at depth. The lithostatic depth temperature/pressure correction (~50°C/km depth) concludes that the iron formation was buried between 3-4 km below the earth's surface at the time of first oxidation and alteration. Oxygen was likely incorporated into upward flowing fluids via early faulting in the Biwabik Iron Formation. Faults are conduits for fluid rising upward and fluid percolating downward, explaining the mix of high and low temperature and salinity fluid inclusions. Recrystallized quartz was determined to be the product of deep fluid interaction with the iron formation. The extent of the recrystallized quartz halos occurs primarily in oxidized iron formation, determined by using petrographic microscopy to view samples at high magnification. Mineralogical variations were analyzed using the Scanning Electron Microscope at Minnesota State University. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images the texture of mineral assemblages and alterations that occurred due to oxidation, such as quartz-goethite intergrowths resulting in pitting magnetite grains. The SEM can perform up to 300,000x optical zoom, making it ideal for close range analysis of iron-bearing minerals. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to identify the chemical composition (by atomic weight percentage) and chart chemical variations in oxidized versus unoxidized iron formation, especially with reg


Nickel extraction from an uncrushed spent nickel-tungsten catalyst was studied using sulphuric acid leaching in a column. The effects of flowrate, temperature and acid concentration on the cumulative nickel recovery was investigated using a three-variable, two-level factorial design. Statistical analysis indicated that among these variables only acid concentration was significant (at the 95% confidence level) in the ranges investigated. The catalyst can be leached either by a two-step process or in a single step following catalyst preoxidation. In either case extractions exceeding 95% can be obtained. With oxidized samples, single-step acid leaching at 82°C yielded significantly better nickel extraction than at 95°C. This was attributed mainly to tungstic acid precipitation in the catalyst pellets, an effect which occurs rapidly at 95°C and retards the leaching of nickel. Nickel extraction was also suppressed following preoxidation at over 300°C. This was thought to be due to formation of slow-leaching nickel oxide-tungstate. Following preoxidation at the optimum of 300°C, 97% of the nickel could be leached in 4 h at 82°C using (by volume) 3% sulphuric acid and 0.6% nitric acid flowing at 1.5 litres/h. About 70% of the nickel could be extracted from preoxidized catalyst using only water for 40 h at room temperature. These findings are incorporated in a simple proposed flowsheet.


Glycosidic compounds are chemical structures that consist of sugars molecules or that have a sugar attached to another molecule. They are now already used in various industries and have the potential to serve an even much wider range of applications. They can be synthesised chemically, but with the right enzymes, production processes can often be much cleaner and more efficient. Glycoside phosphorylases are such enzymes that can be used to synthesise glycosides and in that respect sucrose phosphorylase is highly interesting. Sucrose phosphorylase is namely not restricted to its wild-type substrates. It can also transfer a sugar moiety to a variety of different acceptor molecules. In addition, it uses sucrose as a cheap, renewable and reactive donor substrate, which makes it an attractive biocatalyst for the production of special sugars and glucoconjugates. Activities on relevant components are unfortunately poor and in many cases not even exceeding the unwanted hydrolytic side activity. Moreover, for industrial processes increased stability is also desired. It is thus clear that sucrose phosphorylase offers many possibilities, but that still some improvements are required to fully exploit its potential. Therefore, in this thesis enzyme engineering was applied to alter the specificity and enhance the stability of sucrose phosphorylase.
Knowing how specificity is controlled, would allow to optimise alternative activities in a more efficient way. Therefore, a map of the acceptor site of the SP from Bifidobacterium adolescentis was first created by substituting each residue by alanine and analysing the influence on the affinity for both the natural (inorganic phosphate and fructose) and alternative acceptors (D-arabitol and pyridoxine). All residues examined were found to contribute to the specificity for phosphate (Arg135, Leu343, Tyr344), fructose (Tyr132, Asp342) or both (Pro134, Tyr196, His234, Gln345). Alternative acceptors that are glycosylated rather efficiently e.g. d-arabitol were found to interact with the same residues as fructose, whereas poor acceptors like pyridoxine did not seem to make any specific interactions with the enzyme. Furthermore, it was shown that SP is already optimised to outcompete water as an acceptor substrate, meaning that it will be very difficult to lower its hydrolytic activity any further. Consequently, increasing the transglycosylation activity towards alternative acceptors seems to be the best strategy, although that would probably require a drastic remodelling of the acceptor site in most cases.
Regioselectivity can most likely be engineered more easily than completely shifting specificity, but it can nevertheless be equally important. Kojibiose (Glc-α1,2-Glc) for instance is a very expensive and hardly available compound with prebiotic properties, while its regioisomer maltose (Glc-α1,4-Glc) is cheap and has little added value. Natural sucrose phosphorylases produce a mixture of both and a variant that only makes kojibiose would of course be of great interest. To that end, ten positions in the acceptor site were randomised individually and screened with a high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) based screening procedure. Several improved mutants were obtained from this first round of mutagenesis and the best mutant L341I displayed a selectivity of 79%. Rational combination as well as combinations predicted by a statistical ProSAR model could further improve the selectivity, although the former approach yielded the best mutants. Two double (L341I_Q345S and L341I_Q345N) and one triple mutant (L341I_Y344A_Q345N) were obtained with selectivities of 93 to 95%. Activities were only slightly lower than the wild-type enzyme and therefore the variants created in this work will allow the development of a cost-effective and scalable process for the enzymatic synthesis of kojibiose from the readily available and low-cost substrates sucrose and glucose.
As discussed above, stable biocatalysts are a real benefit for industrial processes. Thermophilic organisms are a rich source of stable enzymes, but for sucrose phosphorylase this area has not yet been explored. Hence, in this study, the putative sucrose phosphorylase from the thermophile Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum was recombinantly expressed and fully characterised. The enzyme showed significant activity on sucrose (optimum at 55°C), and with a melting temperature of 79°C and a half-life of 60 hours at the industrially relevant temperature of 60°C, it is far more stable than known sucrose phosphorylases. Substrate screening and detailed kinetic characterisation revealed however a preference for sucrose 6'-phosphate over sucrose. The enzyme can thus be considered as a sucrose 6'-phosphate phosphorylase, a specificity not yet reported to date. Homology modelling and mutagenesis pointed out particular residues (Arg134 and His344) accounting for the difference in specificity. Moreover, phylogenetic and sequence analysis suggest that glycoside hydrolase 13 subfamily 18 might harbour even more specificities. In addition, the second gene residing in the same operon as sucrose 6'-phosphate phosphorylase was identified as well, and found to be a phosphofructokinase. The concerted action of these both enzymes implies a new pathway for the breakdown of sucrose, in which the reaction products end up at different stages of the glycolysis.
In addition to the development of applications, techniques like ancestral reconstruction, correlated mutation analysis and in silico prediction of stability were evaluated for their general utility in protein engineering. Present-day enzymes have evolved from a common ancestor that is believed to be promiscuous and to have an appropriate mutational background to evolve. Ancestral enzymes would accordingly be ideally suited to create new (related) specificities by directed evolution. To investigate whether an ancestral enzyme could be a good starting point for mutagenesis and what the role of promiscuity is, a full-length ancestor of sucrose phosphorylase (SP) and sucrose 6'-phosphate phosphorylase (SPP) enzymes was reconstructed. The ancestor behaved like a sucrose phosphorylase, but its activity was one to three orders of magnitude lower than present-day SP's. This was mainly due to a low kcat ( 200 mM). In addition, promiscuity was very similar in qualitative terms, but activities were in general lower. Swapping SP specific residues with their SPP counterpart could furthermore not introduce SPP activity in the ancestor. However, the same mutations could enable a specificity switch in a thermostable present-day SP, showing that for directed evolution a stable template might be more appropriate than a reconstructed ancestor.
Another aspect of evolution that could be useful for enzyme engineering, is coevolution of specific positions in related enzymes. Statistical analysis of large multiple sequence alignments can reveal such correlated positions, i.e. positions that house specific combinations of residues more prevalent than expected from random distribution. They often form complex networks and are likely to be involved in activity, specificity and stability. Their exact role is however currently still obscure. Therefore, in this work we compared correlated mutations in two related specificities (sucrose and sucrose 6'-phosphate phosphorylase) and experimentally evaluated hypotheses on different aspects of the correlation network. Distribution across the structure suggests that correlated positions might be involved in supporting the different active site topologies, rather than directly being involved in substrate contact. Retracing the evolution showed that correlated positions that are close to each other in the structure or that are strongly correlated often not evolve simultaneously. Introduction of the active site of sucrose 6'-phosphate phosphorylase in sucrose phosphorylase enable this latter enzyme to catalyse the former reactions. The activity was however very low en therefore correlated positions were mutated as well. This caused a decrease in activity (up to fifty- fold) in most cases, but in one double mutant the activity could selectively be increased by a factor of two. Mutation of correlated positions can thus alter the specificity, but general guidelines on which positions to mutate and which residues to introduce, could unfortunately not be derived and will need further research.
Stable enzymes are important as already discussed previously. They can be obtained from natural diversity, but not every specificity is available and therefore stable variants need to be created by engineering existing enzymes. In that respect, in silico prediction of stabilising mutations could greatly reduce time, cost and effort compared to current in vitro screening procedures. Here, we evaluated the potential of the FoldX algorithm. All possible point mutations were introduced in a sucrose phosphorylase and those predicted to improve the free energy of folding or the dimer interaction energy were visually inspected for unreasonable mutations. Two thirds were rejected during this manual selection, mostly because hydrophobic residues became too solvent exposed. From the remaining mutants, the nine most promising were experimentally tested. Unfortunately none proved to be more stable: four appeared to be neutral or nearly neutral, while five were deleterious. Remarkably, the mutant predicted to be the most stabilising drastically impaired stability. To explain these findings, molecular dynamics (md) simulations were performed. Root mean square fluctuations (rmsf), representing local flexibility, were found to be bad predictors of stability. Examining if the interactions responsible for the predicted stability are maintained over a period of time in contrast could indeed explain the observed effects in many cases.


The new coronavirus (SARS-COV2), which causes coronavirus illness, has expanded globally, impacting millions of individuals. In comparison to female patients, males have a higher prevalence, morbidity, and death rate from this condition, according to international statistics. Androgens have been implicated in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. This review's objective is to explain the potential connection between the pathophysiology of androgen and the infectivity mechanism of the coronavirus as well as the association between SARS-COV2 and hair disorders. This might assist in clarifying androgen's involvement in COVID-19 prognosis and therapy.


This paper presents the design of UWB reflector for antenna application by using two layers of a band stop frequency selective surface (FSS). The structures of both FSS are based on the modified square ring resonator. By combination of two FSS structures, they achieve the wide frequency range of 2.9–11.2 GHz. The demonstration of the FSS reflector with UWB slot antenna shows that the radiation efficiency of antenna is improved over the entire UWB spectrum.


We proposed a diffuse imaging approach for universal noninvasive blood glucose measurements based on visible light, which can predict the blood glucose concentration without personal calibration. The proposed approach used a CCD to obtain diffuse images from human index finger pulp. The denoising autoencoder algorithm adopted effectively extracted the scattering information highly related to blood glucose concentration from the diffuse images, and the gradient boosting regression algorithm enabled an accurate calculation of blood glucose concentration without prior personalized calibration. In vivo experimental results showed that the proposed approach had a mean absolute error of 19.44 mg/dl, with all the predicted results observed within the clinically acceptable region (Region A: 78.9%) in the Clarke error grid analysis. Compared to other blood glucose concentration measurement methods of scattering coefficient, this new method does not require individual calibration, therefore it is easier to implement and popularize, which is critical for the noninvasive monitoring of blood glucose concentration.


When academic researchers, business commentators, and boards of directors have debated the merits of hiring new CEOs from outside the firm, the implicit or explicit assumption typically made is that outsider CEOs will provide an advantage in achieving strategic change. In this study, we challenge this assumption by employing a duality perspective on stability/change, and we provide an original conceptual framework to posit that it is the presence of corporate stability (ordinary succession, a long‐tenured predecessor CEO, and good firm performance) that allows outsider CEOs to generate a greater degree of post‐succession strategic change. We use extensive longitudinal data from US airline and chemical industries between 1972 and 2010 to test our hypotheses, and we discuss how our supportive findings challenge long‐standing assumptions regarding the outsider succession–strategic change relationship, and we advocate embracing the non‐intiutive notion that stable (unstable) conditions can be enablers (barriers) of strategic change for outsider CEOs.


Abstract The dependence of rotational relaxation times T1 and T2 on pressure and temperature has been determined for various rotational transitions of ethylene oxide by using transient microwave techniques.


This paper briefly describes how the issues of fault tolerance are treated in Guide, an Object-Oriented Distributed Operating System under development at Grenoble on a local network of work-stations. Section 1 is an overview of the project. Section 2 describes the the computational model. Section 3 describes mechanisms provided by the computational model to cope with node failures. Section 4 gives the status and experience.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the usefulness of fusioning positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) for the detection of head and neck carcinomas of unknown primary.

METHODS
This prospective study included 20 patients with cervical lymph node of squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary after standard initial workup (nasofibroscopy and CT scan of the chest and head and neck). Patients underwent PET/CT and panendoscopy of the upper airways and upper digestive tract with PET/CT directed biopsies. The follow-up was 6 months minimum in all patients.

RESULTS
A potential primary tumor was found in 10 of the 20 cases and confirmed by histology in 7 cases (3 bases of tongue, 1 tonsillar pillar, 1 vallecula, 1 tonsillar fossa, 1 piriform sinus). Four of these seven patients presented a normal endoscopy (diagnosis was made with submucosal PET/CT directed biopsies). PET/CT was normal in 10 of 20 cases with 3 false negatives. The sensitivity of PET/CT was 70%, the specificity was 70% and the accuracy was 70%.

CONCLUSION
PET/CT seems to be of interest in the detection of head and neck carcinoma of unknown primary. PET/CT detected 15% of unknown primary tumors with treatment-related implications.


This experimental study evaluated the effects of supraphysiological doses injections of testosterone cypionate and stanozolol on neural density in mice lateral hypothalamus and central amygdala. For this research 60 Swiss mice were used and divided into three groups: control, stanozolol and testosterone cypionate. Neuron cell bodies profile density estimation was performed according to random simple counting. The use of supraphysiological doses of both anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) proved to be statistically significant for decreasing the number of neuron cell bodies in lateral hypothalamus of male and female mice, and in central amygdala of female mice. The use of AAS such as Deposteron® and Winstrol Depot® can induce neuron cell death, compromises lateral hypothalamus and central amygdala functions, and may lead to behavioral changes.


In this paper,a property of certain new smooth exact penalty function(barrier type)for nonlinear programming under second-order sufficient conditions is obtained.


The fast development of transcatheter aortic valvereplacement (TAVR) would not have possible withoutthe invaluable collaboration of multimodal cardiac imaging,particularly transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) and computerized axial tomography (CT scan).Given the elevated morbimortality associated with severeaortic stenosis (AS) presenting high surgical risk,an adequate selection of TAVR candidates is of vitalimportance for the program´s success. (1) This reviewdescribes the role of these techniques for the appropriateselection of candidates, vascular access routeevaluation and procedure planning in patients withsevere AS considered at high surgical risk.


From the perspective of cultural ecology,the strike of material culture and the instrumental rationality to universities has caused the ecological imbalances of cultural transmission in universities,namely the national non-material cultural heritage is being forgotten and marginalized in the process of university culture communication.There exists ecological interaction and balance between national non-material culture and university education.The ecology of universities has inclusive and innovative value to national non-material culture while the national non-material culture can promote the balance and characteristic development of university culture.It is necessary to build up harmonious and balanced ecology to realize the symbiotic interactions and perfect unity of national culture and regional universities.


In this study, we take a spatial approach to examine whether the 'length-of-ownership effect' asserting that duration of ownership will increase an owner's valuation of an item is dominated by the economic effects of constrained consumption when transaction costs are high. Two spatial procedures are employed to examine the impact housing duration has on house prices across levels of household mortgage participation. We confirm that the duration of ownership is reflected in the sales price, and that seller financial constraints tend to temporarily elevate reservation prices. We find evidence of a financially-constrained seller price premium over less constrained sellers.


The emission characteristics of the 0.2 MW LNG oxy-fuel combustor have been experimentally investigated for the wide operating range of oxidizer velocity. The detailed in-flame data of temperature and concentrations, such as O2, CO2, CO, and NO, are measured for the oxy-fuel combustor. Nitrogen (3%) is mixed with oxygen to experimentally simulate the NOx emission characteristics in the industrial oxy-fuel furnaces, where nitrogen comes from air infiltration or inherent nitrogen in fuel or oxygen as impurities. Special emphasis is given to the effects of the oxidizer velocity on entrainment of product gases, NO emission, and flame structure in the oxy-fuel combustors. The experimental results obtained in the present study suggest that oxidizer velocity at the oxy-fuel combustor could be one of the crucial design parameters to control the NO emission.