ABS TRACT: The use of Gis in avalanche assessment is widely adopted, it performs analysis which help to make decisions in land management. The aim of this work was to apply different tools, provided by a GIS software, for the study and management of the avalanche risk in the Region of Valle d'Aosta (north-west of Italy) and in the ski resort "Piancavallo" in Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (north-east of Italy). As a goal and also a starting point for further processes, a geodatabase of the Regional Avalanche Inventory was created and divided into several raster datasets, feature datasets and feature classes related to avalanches. Then, within the Interreg project Italy-Switzerland "STRADA", still in progress, strategies for the avalanche hazard mitigation were found, focusing in particular on roads crossed by avalanche paths. That was reached by assessing a procedure, obtained interpolating (geoprocessing) features related to avalanches, roads and buildings, which provides a useful tool to identify the sites that might be suitable for artificial avalanche triggering. This process could help in avoiding the preventive closure of roads, and such application can be the starting point for more detailed analysis, necessary to provide decisionmaking to local governments in emergency management. Finally, a methodology, processed from digital terrain models, allowed the identification of the potential release areas in the Piancavallo ski-resort realized through various steps in geoprocessing environment, or through file .aml of Arc Info Workstation.


This study consists of two parts: the theoretical part (literature review) and the research part (case study) and investigates the possibilities of smart materials and smart buildings, their applications nowadays and their substantial contribution to the energy efficiency of the building.
 In the research part a bioclimatic building in Kastri area of Nikiti is studied. In order to calculate the energy performance of the building and of the proposed interventions I used TEE - K.Eν.A.K software.
 The results of the research showed a gradual reduction of primary energy in the home, initially at 8.4% and then at 26.7% total energy, which upgraded the building (from class B to a B+), after the application of paint of high reflectivity and high emissivity infrared radiation on the roof of the house and replacing panes of South side with thermochromic glazing by applying colored thermochromic films. Also, energy savings of 18.9% were found at the building, by applying BMS system primary energy (Building Management System), which increases to 25% with the addition of controlled shading in South face. Thus the annual primary energy consumption of the study house was reduced to 74,3 kWh / m²
 Both the findings of the literature review and the findings of the case study suggest that the use of smart materials and new technological systems that transform the building into "smart house" upgrade the building by energy aspect and achieve significant energy savings.


The natural enemies of the Mediterranean black scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier), were studied on citrus in Israel as part of a long-term study of the population dynamics of the pest. A total of 14 primary and secondary chalcidoid parasitic species were recorded from samples of S. oleae collected on citrus.


Nowadays, with the development of technology and social media, people's opinions and news about a particular product or currency is significantly expanded. In addition to expanding volumes of text data, the unstructured characteristics of them makes the analysis of these types of data with the vital challenges. In this study, the proposed method utilized different Training Set Selection (TSS) approaches like: ModelCS, ENN, MultiEdit, AllKNN, POP and MENN. Moreover, the target's features have been selected to improve the prediction of currency market (dollars, euros) based on news headlines. The evaluation of the proposed method has been done by 3-layered algorithm and the experimental results reveal that the proposed method has achieved more robust accuracies than the others.


This paper presents the architecture for a nanoelectronic logic system in which a regular array of logic gates with programmable interconnections is accompanied by a data transmitter and receiver as well as program registers and a controller. Binary programmable interconnections assure system versatility by providing the means of computing different logic operations. They also allow setting the redundancy level via the number of columns clustered to compute a certain function. A system operation is explained and visualized with a number of examples. The embedded scheme of fault tolerance can effectively mitigate permanent, as well as transient, faults. Some implementation and performance aspects are approached through simulations of single‐electron tunneling structures. However, the proposed architectural concept is generic and can be applied to systems implemented with alternative nanotechnologies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A34-year-old womanwho had been diagnosedwith type 2 diabetesmellitus 4 years ago presentedwith painless progressive jaundice without cholestatic symptoms for the last 1 month. Her family history included the fourth-degree consanguineous marriage of the patient and the death of 8 family members, from either renal or brain cancers which were never investigated. Abdominal computed tomography showed complete replacement of pancreatic parenchyma withmultiple cysts of varying sizes compressing the common bile duct (CBD) in pancreatic head region with intrahepatic biliary radicle dilatation with bilateral renal cysts (Figure 1). Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed multiple simple cysts with a normal main pancreatic duct (Figure 2). Screening magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine showed hemangioblastoma in the superior vermis and spinal cord at D9 level (Figure 3). Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed dilated proximal CBD with extrinsic compression in mid-CBD (Figure 4). A plastic biliary Cotton-Leung stent was placed. The findings were disclosed to the patient and surgery to remove the cysts causing obstructive jaundice was recommended. As the patient was unwilling to undergo surgery, she has to have her stent replaced every 3 months.


Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the critical pathway for the admitted patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on glycemic control, the knowledge on the disease, and the length of hospital stay. Methods: 89 diabetic in-patients were applied with the 1 week critical pathway which was consisted of intensive education program for self-management of diabetes mellitus such as glucose monitoring, excercise prescription, diet control, self-adjustment of the drugs and so on. The results were compared with 22 diabetic inpatients who were treated with conventional way. We assessed the effects of critical pathway on the degree of glycemic control, the knowledge on the disease, and the length of hospital stay. Results: Although fasting and postprandial 2 hours blood glucose levels did not showed statistically significant difference between critical pathway group and conventional group on discharge, HbA1c was significantly decreased in critical pathway group compared with the conventional group (7.5±1.8% vs 9.1±2.6%) on 3 months after discharge. Knowledge on the disease tended to increase in critical pathway group compared with the conventional group on discharge. The Length of hospital stay was significantly decreased in critical pathway group compared with the conventional group (8.4±2.8day vs 11.0±3.9day). Conclusion: These results showed that critical pathway for the patients with diabetes mellitus might be a useful way for improving the long term glycemic control through motivation, enhancing the knowledge on the disease as well as reducing the length of hospital stay.


X-Ray diffraction measurements were made on fibers of poly[γ-(o-chlorobenzyl) L-glutamate], poly[γ-(m-chlorobenzyl) L-glutamate], and poly[γ-(p-chlorobenzyl L-glutamate]. All reflections of the poly[γ-(o-chlorobenzyl) L-glutamate] fibers were indexed on an orthorhombic lattice of a=26.50 Å. b=30.60 Å, and c=27.02 Å. The observed density was 1.367 g cm−3 as compared with the calculated value of 1.382 g cm−3. All reflections of the poly[γ-(m-chlorobenzyl) L-glutamate] fibers were indexed on a hexagonal lattice of a=b=15.50 Å and c=27.10 Å. The observed density of 1.356 g cm−3 was larger than the calculated value of 1.343 g cm−3. All reflections of the poly[γ-(p-chlorobenzyl) L-glutamate] fibers were indexed on an orthorhombic lattice of a=15.24 Å, b=26.40 Å, and c=10.67 Å. The observed density of 1.362 g cm−3 was comparable with the calculated value of 1.371 g cm−3. By applying the methods of the cylindrical Patterson map and equatorial Fourier map, the position of the chlorine atom at the end of the side chain was estimated. The results obtained indicated that the radial distance of the chlorine atom from the helix axis is about 4 Å, 6 Å, and 10 Å for poly[γ-(o-chlorobenzyl) L-glutamate], poly[γ-(m-chlorobenzyl) L-glutamate], and poly[γ-(p-chlorobenzyl) L-glutamate], respectively. These results are interpreted in terms of side chain conformation.


The image encryption is di erent from the text encryption; as a result of the bulk data capacity, high redundancy of image data, and the high correlation between the image pixels [1]. Thus, traditional methods are di cult to be used for image encryption as their pseudo-random sequences have a small space, which causes a restriction in the image size. In this thesis, we showed di erent types of JPEG2000 encryption techniques, and discussed them in a secured and compressed (friendly) based aspects. We proposed a selective stream cipher scheme that combines Exclusive-Or encryption with Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)-like algorithm to achieve the required level of security with the minimum encryption time; the encryption scheme targets only 7% of the image data, and the encryption process is applied jointly in the compression code before the data is written to the compressed image. The strength of the proposed cryptosystem is investigated by the performance and the security analysis, as well as the encryption speed. Depending on the results of the security analysis that is performed on our cryptosystem, our proposed system has a better key space than the previous ones (the key space is approximately as twice as the previous encryption schemes keys) based on the key space analysis, and the achieved security level is suitable for most of real time applications since it only targets a small fraction of image data.


TO THE EDITOR: A special team reviews all child deaths potentially related to maltreatment in our county. As part ofthat work, we examine the child and adolescent suicides. In the past year, we have seen two teen deaths from overdoses of tricyclic antidepressants. The team has asked me to point out to the medical community the caution necessary in the use of these drugs. Tricyclics clearly have value in the treatment of some forms of adolescent depression. They are also used to treat enuresis in childhood, and, at times, the attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity/conductdisorder syndrome. Unfortunately, the drugs can be lethal when taken in overdoses of relatively modest quantities. Several options are available to the clinician. He or she can prescribe the drug in small amounts with frequent renewals or


This chapter discusses how, having decided to open collegiate business schools, universities faced a first-order problem: What, exactly, constituted a university-level curriculum in business? It traces the debates over those questions and their implications. The problem of what students should be taught sat at the fault line that defines business schools in the first place. To what extent should students learn academic subjects, and to what extent should they learn what amount to vocational skills useful to their prospective employers? Viewed one way, the entire history of business schools can be described as a pendulum swinging back and forth between these two. Taken together, those intramural debates amounted to an attempt to define a professional field and to establish, with the authority that comes with a college degree, what businessmen needed to study and how their minds ought to be trained.


This research is motivated by the importance of employee performance because employees are the driving force for the company's success. Aims to test and analyze the effect of communication, self-concept, and work environment on job satisfaction of employees of Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Tulungagung Sudirman. The method used is a mix method with the type of research that combines quantitative and qualitative analysis (Sequantial Explanatory). The sample in this study were 27 employees of BSI KCP Tulungagung. Quantitative data multiple linear analysis test and hypothesis test. Qualitative data analysis using triangulation. Based on the research, partial results were obtained and communication stimulants, self-concept, and work environment had a positive effect on job satisfaction of employees of Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Tulungagung Sudirman. To strengthen quantitative research, qualitative analysis was carried out by interviewing 6 informants whose results supported the results of quantitative data. Practical implications apart from developing research with mixed methods in human resource management, the research results can be used as recommendation materials to assess employee performance.


ABSTRAK Pest control with usage entomophatogen fungi opportunity was developing as biological control agent for example: Metarhizium anisopliae (Mestch) sorokin. The experiment was conducted in Plant Pest Laboratory from Oktober until Desember 2012. The objective study was to find the better concentration M. anisopliae for control Nezara viridula at long beans plant. The treatment tasted were concentration M. anisopliae 25g /l aquades, 35g /l aquades, 35g /l aquades, 40g /l aquades and 45g /l aquades. The experiment used completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The result showed that M. anisopliae could control N. viridula at long beans with 90.00% mortality in concentration 45g /l aquades was 271.50 hours.


The study looks at the cyclical behavior of the markups and assesses its impact on inflation dynamics. The analysis finds that the aggregate level of the private sector's markup is relatively high, thus pointing to the lack of strong competition in South Africa's product markets. Additionally, the results suggest that the markups tend to move in a countercyclical manner, with a short-term positive impact on inflation. This implies that the countercyclical pattern of the markups is one factor among others that contribute to the relatively weak output gap-inflation co-movement. In the context of South Africa's inflation targeting framework, the counter-cyclical markups may also generate an asymmetric response of monetary policy to the fluctuations in economic activity.


Nowadays, organizations demand creative and innovative employees more than ever to overcome the challenges and challenges of the new economy and to survive in a competitive environment. Therefore, one of the most important corporate assets of organizations is human. The role of human resources management, traditionally called personnel management, has changed completely in today's organizations and has reached a strategic position. Changes in human resources management are noteworthy and it is seen that information systems have started to be used in this area. Human resources information system (HRIS) is an information system that is used to collect and store organizations' employees' information. Hospitals use this information system like other institutions. It is seen that the number of private and state hospitals that use HRIS day by day also increases. The aim of this study is to reveal the barriers about the usage, adoption, benefits to the organization, and user satisfaction of the HRIS used in private hospitals. This study is important and will contribute to the literature in this field, since there are very few studies on this subject and in addition to this, it aims to explicitly reveal the situation of the HRIS in private hospitals. In addition, this study will demonstrate the benefits of using the information system to private hospitals in the field of human resources. Thus, it will be encouraging for other institutions that do not use the information system in the HR field. Qualitative research method was used in the study. Interviews with HR personnel in manager positions at HR department of private hospitals in Ankara, Turkey were conducted through a semi-structured interview form. Semi-structured interview form was used as a data collection tool. The interview form consists of two parts. In the first part, the demographic information of the interviewed participants (age, education level, profession, working time in the institution, working time in HR field, in-service training) are asked. In the second part, there are 14 questions. The first two questions are the number of staff working in the hospital and the length of hospital service. Other 12 questions are related to HRIS and they consist of the duration of the use of HRIS in the hospital, its objectives, which activities it supports, which problems it solves, its contribution to the hospital, the level of user satisfaction, the obstacles to its use and the problems they face. The interviews were conducted with 15 people. Descriptive and content analysis techniques were used for data analysis. Answers to each question were arranged and supported by direct quotations where necessary. In content analysis, similar data were gathered and interpreted in certain concepts. As a result of the research, it is seen that HRIS is used for personnel, education, wages, communication and employee's quitting work information in the private hospitals. In addition, half of the hospitals are used the system to keep information on work experiences of employees, in staff recruitment and work processes as well. On the other hand, HRIS is not preferred for information related to health, accident, union and labor market. As a result of applying content analysis to the responses of the participants to their contributions to the hospital, the following benefits appear: • Reaching fast, effective and easy solution, • Reaching the right data at the right time, • Efficient use of the workforce, • Saving time, • Acceleration of business processes, • Fast reporting, • Providing a fair system in personnel performance evaluation. All of the participants stated that they were satisfied because they used HRIS. It was observed that the participants emphasized the necessity of all the systems in the institution to work in an integrated structure and they agreed on this issue. Also participants emphasize that the problems they faced in the use of HRIS are lack of personnel, top manager support, cost, technical difficulties, supply problems and support. As a result, it has been observed that the use, adoption, benefits and user satisfaction of HRIS in private hospitals are positive and high. This study has some limitations like other studies. This study covers only private hospitals in Ankara,Turkey and semi-structured interview form was used as a data collection tool. In future studies, the state of use and awareness of the use of HRIS can be compared between state and private hospitals. The survey can also be used as a data collection tool.


Proactive interference is the phenomena where previously learned information interferes with the learning of new information, causing a reduction in retrieval of the new information. This phenomenon is studied with the AB/AC paradigm, in which participants encode two word-pair lists (B/C) that share a common word-cue (A). The common finding in studies using this paradigm is a reduced accuracy for A-C word-pairs compared to a control list (D-E). The neural correlates of this effect have been well established at the stage of retrieval, but less is known about the neural correlates at the stage of encoding, which was the focus of the present study. Thirty-seven subjects performed a memory task using the AB/AC paradigm in an encoding situation where first-person videos were used, to increase the ecological validity of the paradigm. Electrophysiological activity was recorded throughout the experiment using 64 electroencephalogram scalp electrodes mounted in an elastic cap. The results revealed the predicted behavioral effect of interference as seen in a reduced accuracy for the A-C word-pairs compared to the D-E list word-pairs. Neural data revealed an early effect of interference and a robust effect of successful encoding in a later time window that correlated negatively with the amount of interference participants suffered from encoding the overlapping associate. There were no late effects related to action monitoring, as was hypothesized. Limitations and future directions are discussed. (Less)


"D ECENTLY I spent a year con "* ducting a parent education program which dealt with reading and reading readiness activities. Conversations with parents and with teachers suggested that chil dren whose parents attended the fifteen week evening program showed an improved attitude to ward reading and more enthusi asm for school. Parents also demonstrated a great deal of growth. They gained knowledge about learning to read and about school in general. As their knowl edge expanded, so did their en thusiasm and their support of teachers and the school, support that, hopefully, will continue in years to come. Teachers receive many ques tions from parents who want to know what to do to help their children in reading. Most parents want to help their children, but unless some guidance is offered they may do more harm than good. They may attempt to teach their children. Most parents are not trained to teach, but are capable of helping them in many other ways. Often, the teacher cannot devote adequate individual atten tion to each child, and parents can help fill this gap. Preschool and first grade appear to be periods when parents can be a strong positive or negative in fluence on their children's progress in school. For the most part, schools are not making use of par ents as a resource. It seems only logical that a concentrated effort backed by teachers and parents would improve reading readiness and achievement, particularly in


72 1024x768 Normal 0 21 false false false TR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:"Normal Tablo";
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-priority:99;
 mso-style-qformat:yes;
 mso-style-parent:"";
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:11.0pt;
 font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
 mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
 mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
 Biodiversity conservation has increasingly gained recognition in national and international agendas. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has positioned biodiversity as a key asset to be protected to ensure our well-being and that of future generations. Nearly 20 years after its inception, results are not as expected, as shown in the latest revision of the 2010 CBD target. Various factors may affect the implementation of the CBD, including lack of public education and awareness on biodiversity-related issues. This paper explores how biodiversity education has been carried out and documents successes and failures in the field. Based on a comprehensive literature review, we identified four main challenges: the need to define an approach for biodiversity education, biodiversity as an ill-defined concept, appropriate communication, and the disconnection between people and nature. These represent obstacles to the achievement of educational targets, and therefore, to accomplishing conservation goals as set forth by the CBD. Keywords: Biodiversity education, environmental education, education for sustainable development, biodiversity awareness, biodiversity communication.


Through in-depth studying of ancient Chinese medicine,subtle in Chinese medicine has three meanings including specific substances,the pursuit of the highest goal of medical technology,and precise micro concept.The subtle theory of Chinese medicine mainly expressed that we should focus on the specific microscopic substances and substance is the core content of medical research.To explore in depth the connotation of the subtle theory of Chinese medicine can further correctly understand macro and micro,expand our research goal to material,which has significance for the development of minimally invasive treatment of TCM oncology,and it is the new development direction of the traditional Chinese medicine theory.


Abstract : Interdisciplinary studies programs and the assessment movement are two parallel edu-cational paradigms, both of which are maturing at a pace that is noticeably deliberate. Idealisticin inception, they are simple in concept, nuanced in practice, and focused on student learningrather than on professorial teaching. Idealism and subtle complexities in interdisciplinary think-ing contribute to a belief that assessment is too simplistic to court interdisciplinary studies andhas little business here. This paper questions the veracity of that belief and offers some research-based assessment approaches that may sanction an acceptable, if not lusty, marriage of the twoparadigms. Introduction S THE ASSESSMENT MOVEMENT in the United States enters its fourthdecade, countless hours and numerous pages continue to champion the as yetunfulfilled promise of improving teaching and learning through assessment.Although the vigorous adoption of an assessment ethic by regional accredit-ing agencies and governing boards has certainly reified the process, educa-tional organizations can still pay obedient lip service to assessment and getaway with that and precious little else. A survey by the National Center forPostsecondary Improvement (1999) of 1300+ chief academic officers revealeda consistent opinion that the assessment movement has had little impact onimproving student learning. When assessment data of any character did ex-ist, very little use has been made of the data for teaching and curriculum


This work presents the hydrothermal synthesis and photoluminescence (PL) properties of La2−xEuxSn2O7 (x=0–2.0) nanocrystals. The complex stannates with different La/Eu ratios ranging between La2Sn2O7 and Eu2Sn2O7 have been synthesized and characterized with respect to crystal structure, particle size and crystal morphology, and PL properties using x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and PL spectroscopy. XRD and TEM results reveal that all the products are single-phase cubic pyrochlore-type La2−xEuxSn2O7 nanocrystals with a diameter of 20 nm. Furthermore, PL spectra of the La2−xEuxSn2O7 (x=0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2.0) nanocrystals showed three intense and prevailing emission peaks located at 587, 593, and 598 nm belonging to themagnetic dipole transition.


Machina (American Economic Review 99 (2009), 385–392; American Economic Review 104 (2014), 3814–40) lists a number of situations where Choquet expected utility, as well as other known models of ambiguity aversion, cannot capture plausible features of ambiguity attitudes. Most of these problems arise in choice over prospects involving three or more outcomes. We show that the recursive nonexpected utility model of Segal (International Economic Review 28 (1987), 175–202) is rich enough to accommodate all these situations and, moreover, that this can be done using the same functional form for all situations.


A kind of mesoporous silica molecular sieves Bi-MSU-4 were synthesized successfully using nonionic ethoxylated sorbitan esters(Tween-x,x=20,-40,-60,or-80)as structure directors respectively and TEOS as silicate source at room temperature.Structures of the synthesized molecular sieves were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),FT-IR,UV-vis,N2 absorption/desorption and SEM methods.The influence of factors such as templates,mineralizer and Si/Bi molar ratios on Bi-MSU-4 mesoporous structure and styrene catalytic oxidation were examined.The results indicated that Bi-MSU-4 exhibited mesoporous structures and bismuth entered the framework already.The pore size and pore volume of samples increased with the augment of the hydrophobic chain length of templates,which led to the rise of catalytic performance.In addition mineralizing structured framework and expelled it from hydrophilic PEO shell.With the increasing of Si/Bi molar ratio catalytic performance increased first and then decreased.T-XBi-MSU-4 were superior in styrene oxidation reaction and the conversion of styrene was 55.0% and the yield of benzaldehyde was 41.5% especially for T-60Bi-MSU-4.


The Kerinci geothermal field is one phase liquid reservoir system in the Kerinci District, western part of Jambi Province. In this field, there are geothermal prospects that identified by the heat source up flow inside a National Park area. Kerinci field was planned to develop 1×55 MWe by Pertamina Geothermal Energy. To define reservoir characterization, the numerical simulation of Kerinci field is developed by using TOUGH2 software with information from conceptual model. The pressure and temperature profile well data of KRC-B1 are validated with simulation data to reach natural state condition. The result of the validation is suitable matching. Based on natural state simulation, the resource assessment of Kerinci geothermal field is estimated by using Monte Carlo simulation with the result P10-P50-P90 are 49.4 MW, 64.3 MW and 82.4 MW respectively. This paper is the first study of resource assessment that has been estimated successfully in Kerinci Geothermal Field using numerical simulation coupling with Monte carlo simulation.


We propose and demonstrate a two-channel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on a D-shaped single mode fiber (SMF) for measuring refractive index (RI) and temperature simultaneously. The sensor is based on a SMF which is side-polished until the fiber core is exposed properly. By coating an appropriate thickness of gold film on the polished region, SPR phenomenon is formed. To determine the parameter and optimize the performance, we research the RI sensing characters by simulation and experiment at first. The research shows that when the RI increases from 1.333 to 1.410, the sensitivity increases from 1543 nm/RIU to 6300 nm/RIU. And when the thickness of gold film increases from 40nm to 60nm, the resonance wavelength redshifts about 40nm. Based on the research described above, to assemble the sensor, the side-polished region of the SMF is divided into two parts and coated different thickness of gold film to avoid crosstalk. Then by coating the thermo-sensitive material polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on one half of the sensing region, this sensor can achieve simultaneous measurement of RI and temperature for temperature compensation. The experiment shows that in the range of 1.333 to 1.390, the RI sensitivity is up to 2260.1 nm/RIU. In the range of 20°C to 60°C, the temperature sensitivity is up to -2.41 nm/°C. This research significantly improves the accuracy of RI measurement for the SPR fiber sensor in practical application by temperature compensation.


This report discusses the outcomes of a study that investigated the decision-making process of two mothers' selection of treatment for their sons' attention deficit disorder (ADD). One mother opted for a medical treatment, and the other mother opted for a non-medical treatment. The boy who is medically treated is 14, and the non-medically treated boy is 12. Findings from the study indicate: (1) as toddlers both boys exhibited similar behavior patterns that both mothers considered to be out of the norm; however, they did not act on them until the boys entered elementary school, when they were advised by teachers to have their children evaluated for ADD; (2) the medically treated boy was examined and evaluated by a neurologist, while the non-medically treated boy was not; (3) the main difference in the treatment selection process of both mothers was the perception of the negative effects of drug therapy that the mother of the non-medically treated boy held; (4) both mothers were satisfied with the outcome of the treatment their sons received; (5) after 6 months of neurofeedback treatment, the non-medically treated boy was able to focus on his own without any treatment or drug. (CR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. , U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as ---,received from the person or organization loriginating it. Minor changes have been made to improve ,reproduction quality. .Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official NIE position or policy. "Attention Deficit Disorder: Two Mothers' Perceptions" Roy C. Fernandez, Ph.D. Lehman College, CUNY Carol O'Connor New York City Board of Education Attention Deficit 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


century, was ending. Significantly, however, one of the most successful chapters in Volume IV, Karl F. Helleiner's essay on European populations before the vital revolution, already departed from the theme of expansion, and that theme holds only a subordinate place in most of the chapters comprising Volume V. If there is unity across these chapters, it would be this: the preparation of the preconditions of eventual industrialization—the preconditions of preconditions, as it were. Still, this lack of thematic unity within the volume is not disappointing. We have seen enough volumes of the CEH to expect this congenital, but condonable defect. This book, as its predecessors, will doubtlessly frustrate readers, especially those who are looking for large, clear, simple patterns in the economic development of early modern Europe. But it will also serve them—those at least among them who wish for guidance through the details of economic history, out of which the syntheses of tomorrow will be constructed. HARVARD UNIVERSITY David Herlihy


Grief corresponds to the emotional response to the immutable loss of someone or something that is highly appreciated, being a unique and individual experience. The way the health team deals with this event and with the bereaved family can impact the way they experience bereavement. The objective of this work is to understand, based on recent literature, the influence that nursing professionals have and what behaviors are adopted to face the grief in the companion / family. Method: The present study is an integrative review of recent literature. The search for the articles was carried out in the LILACS, BDENF databases and in the virtual library SCIELO. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included, 27 scientific articles were selected that were related to the research objective. Results: The complete reading of the articles, as well as the division of these into subgroups, according to the main theme of the work, made it possible to understand these themes and discuss three lines that answer the research objective, these being The problems of the health team in assistance to the family and the patient; Communication as a way of humanizing care; and The importance of health professionals for the bereaved family. Conclusion: Although it is very important to introduce the subject in the academy, it is something that the professional, too, learns to deal with the accumulation of experience. However, the basis for doing this must begin during graduation. Nursing conduct should not be one of the reasons that contribute negatively to the family's grieving process.


Digital Preservation is a domain within ICT, that is mainly based on empirical knowledge. One way to introduce theoretical fundamentals is to study accumulated experience and best practices, and expose a common framework from them. In this paper, an idea of having metrics as common objective assessment of capabilities of tools, environments and processes is described. The goal is to have DP welldescribed and structured field, where main terms, decisions and processes would be theoretically stated and proven, just like the science does. In order to identify challenges coming with the idea, research questions are stated.


Treatment of a 1:1 mixture of Ru3(CO)12 and the acetylide cluster LWRu2(CO)8(C2Ph) (1, L = Cp and Cp*) in hydrocarbon solvents afforded two carbido-alkylidyne cluster complexes, LWRu4(μ5-C)(CO)12(μ-CPh) (2) and LWRu5(μ6-C)(CO)14(μ-CPh) (3). Complexes 2 contain a square pyramidal cluster skeleton with a μ5-carbide and an accompanying bridging alkylidyne ligand, while WRu5 complexes 3 possess a distorted octahedral WRu5(μ6-C) framework. The transformation from 1 to 2 and 3 illustrates a reversible cleavage of an acetylide carbon−carbon bond induced by the cluster-building reaction. Moreover, the hydrogenation of complexes 2 and 3 was found to depend on the ancillary ligand on the W atom, showing selective formation of only two hydride complexes, CpWRu4(μ5-C)(μ-CPh)(μ-H)2(CO)11 (4) and Cp*WRu5(μ6-C)(μ-CPh)(μ-H)2(CO)13 (5), respectively. Single-crystal X-ray analysis on complex 4 indicated that the hydrides resided near the apical Ru atom, while the hydrides in complex 5 were associated with the unique W meta...


Development Credit Agreement—Transport and Infrastructure Project (with schedules and General Conditions Applicable to Development Credit Agreements dated 1 January 1985). Signed at Washington on 19 March 1993


Many roadway intersections throughout North America are located near highway–railroad grade crossings (IHRGCs). Numerous safety, operational, and legal challenges are associated with IHRGCs; and these become significantly more complex when traffic signals are present. Because of the complexity of traffic operations at IHRGCs, existing macroscopic analysis approaches are not suitable for in-depth analyses. Consequently, a more detailed methodology for the analysis of intersections with traffic signals located near IHRGCs was developed. The approach is microsimulation based and relies on hardware-in-the-loop architecture to model the traffic signal controller. To demonstrate the methodology, sensitivity analyses of key design parameters were undertaken, and their impacts on safety and delay were analyzed. Specifically, (a) the maximum train speed and the corresponding length of the detector, (b) the effect of the pedestrian volume, and (c) the effect of the addition of an additional upstream train detector were examined in terms of safety and delay at the IHRGC. The methodology was tested with empirical data from a test bed in College Station, Texas. It was found that the manner in which the maximum train speed was calculated could have a statistically significant effect on delay and a detrimental effect on safety. It was also shown that the addition of an additional upstream detector could reduce delay and increase safety.


Switzerland is widely perceived as a climate policy 'pusher' (Liefferink and Wurzel 2017). However, the climate change performance index 2022 ranks Switzerland 15th, behind European countries like Denmark, Sweden, Norway, or the UK (Burck et al. 2021, 7). This comparatively low position reflects the lack of Swiss ambition on renewable energy development; the tendency to compensate CO2 emissions abroad instead of achieving reductions at home; and the failure to reduce emissions in transport (Kammerer et al. 2021). Although Switzerland's climate policy goes back to the early 1990s and comprises a mix of different measures in all relevant sectors, the 20 per cent reduction in CO2 (compared to 1990) emission reduction target specified in the 2013 CO2-Act has not yet been achieved, and a more ambitious version of the CO2-Act was rejected in a referendum in June 2021 (Swissvotes 2021). Thus, while Switzerland genuinely pushes for stronger climate policies in international negotiations and during the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Conferences of the Parties (UNFCCC COP; see Ingold & Pflieger 2016), in terms of domestic regulation it tends to wait for, and align itself with, the positions of the European Union (EU). In fact, rather than a climate 'pusher', Switzerland is more accurately described as a 'follower' of the EU on climate matters (Kammerer et al. 2021). This chapter aims to unpack a further paradox, namely the one relating to the advantages and disadvantages offered by the Swiss federal structure as both enabling and hindering effective and sustainable climate governance (see also Casado-Asensio and Steurer 2016; Reich 2021). We show that the fragmented nature of the Swiss polity, with its twenty-six constituent units (cantons) and some 2,000 municipal polities with each more or less autonomy in key policy areas, is not in itself an obstacle. However, tackling the complexity arising from such a


The Libyan disarmament agreement was a brilliant success for traditional non-proliferation diplomacy, mixing pressures and inducements to change behaviour rather than regimes. Unfortunately, the circumstances that produced the agreement are unlikely to be repeated in the case of Iran and North Korea. A negotiated settlement in these cases is more likely to represent difficult compromises and reciprocity, which, thus far, the Bush administration has not been prepared to undertake. With valuable time and opportunities lost, the next administration is likely to find it faces an even harder task to negotiate disarmament agreements with Tehran and Pyongyang.


This paper discusses the reliability of lead-free welding used in the railway signal products through the welding process transition from the tin-lead to lead-free welding. Furthermore,it puts forward that solving the compatibility for lead and lead-free mixed welding PCB assembly is the key problem of the lead-free conversion successfully completing and ensuring the welding joint reliability.


The influences of the human being and solar activities on interdecadal variations of winter circulation in Northern Hemisphere was simulated using IAP/LASG GOALS model. The results show that the greenhouse gas is one of main basic factor on impacting circulation. Obvious interdecadal variabilities of general circulation of atmosphere in the recent 50 years were simulated well by GOALS model with Greenhouse gas concentration. Meanwhile, due to impacting of solar activity and sulfate aerosol, the circulation pattern is similar as observation. Such as East Asian and North American troughs were apparent stronger in mid and late 1960′s and remarkable weaker in late 1980′s. From 1960′s, Siberia High decreases trend and North Pacific oscillation (NPO) increases trend. Finally, the influences of GOLAS model on climate change in East China are analyzed. It shows that GOALS could reflect the characteristics of interdecadal variability of climate in East China, e.g. obvious colder period in mid and late 1960′s and remarkable warming in winter from mid 1980′s.


Selection of oxygen-tolerant strains and elucidation of their oxygen tolerance mechanism were crucial for effective use of bifidobacteria. Oxygen-tolerant bifidobacteria were able to significantly remove environmental oxygen (oxygen removal activity) as compared to oxygen-sensitive strains. Most oxygen removal activity was inhibited by heat treatment and exposure to extreme pH (2.0) of bifidobacterial cell. NADH oxidase was major enzyme related to oxygen removal activity. Oxygen-tolerant bifidobacteria possessed high NADH peroxidase activity level to detoxify formed from reaction of NADH oxidase. Addition of oxygen to anaerobic culture broth significantly increased activities of HADH oxidase and NADH peroxidase within 1hr and rapid increment of oxygen concentration was prevented. Results showed NADH oxidase and NADH peroxidase of oxygen-tolerant bifidobacteria played important roles in elimination of oxygen and oxygen metabolite .


In the past decade, theoretical essays have criticised the dichotomy of rational and irrational strategies for managing risk as neglecting an entire range of strategies that individuals mobilise in everyday life. Neither completely rational nor irrational, 'in-between' strategies rely on the use of knowledge and previous experiences, as well as trust, intuition, and emotion. Drawing on data from a multidisciplinary (sociology and sociolinguistics) and multimethod (in-depth interviews and focus-group discussions) qualitative research conducted in 2016–2018 among young sub-Saharan migrants living in Switzerland, this article explores the potential of, and provides empirical relevance for, the concept of in-between strategies in HIV/AIDS research. We argue that strategies for managing HIV sexual risk may not be fully rational, because individuals mobilise them in their social interactions. Indeed, from a sociological perspective sexual activity is a social experience that involve attitudes, practices, intimate relationships, and emotions. Strategies for managing HIV sexual risk depend on power relations between partners, as well as on the social competences and resources of each partner. We found that young sub-Saharan migrants use in-between strategies, which involve rationalisation, knowledge, experience, feelings, and emotions. Our findings highlighted five types of HIV sexual risk-reduction strategies: consistent condom use, HIV testing before discontinuing condom use, selection of partners and investigation of their sexual history, the feeling of familiarity with a partner, and commitment and trust in intimate relationships. Our analysis showed that the in-between strategies concept is particularly useful for capturing the complexity of social processes involved in individuals' HIV sexual risk management.


Syntheses are reported for some 3-( benzamido-and fluorobenzamido -methyl)-6-( fluoro , chloro and methylthio )-2(4-methyl-, 4-t-butyl-, 4-cyclohexyl- and 3,4-methylenedioxy-phenyl) imidazo-[1,2-b] pyridazines from the relevant 3-unsubstituted imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazines and the N-( hydroxymethyl ) benzamides. In tests of the ability of these compounds to displace [3H]diazepam from rat brain membrane, 3-(3- or 4-fluorobenzamidomethyl)-2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-6-methylthioimidazo[1,2-b]- pyridazine bound most strongly, with IC50 2nM; but in behavioural tests in rats the most active compounds were 6-chloro(and methylthio )-3-(2-fluorobenzamidomethyl)-2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl) imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazines which showed a significant anxiolytic activity at 2.5 mg/kg.


This paper investigated the resistivity and dielectric properties of manganese doped barium titanate sintered in pure nitrogen. The influence of variable doping concentration and Ba/Ti ratio on densification, microstructure, resistivity and dielectric properties was studied. A dielectric with permittivity of 1500 and low dissipation factor of 0.01 measured at 1 kHz, meeting the EIA X7R specification of the Electronic Industries Association standards was obtained in this study. Resistivity of materials sintered in pure nitrogen was 10 11 ∼ 10 12 Ω cm. Ceramics sintered in pure nitrogen had higher resistivity than ceramics sintered in air, and the resistivity increased with Ba/Ti ratio increasing.


Sacred groves are one of the finest examples of traditional in situ conservation practices. These are patches of natural near-climax pristine vegetation of trees and associate groups of organism, managed as a part of local cultural tradition. In order to explore the medicinal values of the sacred groves an ethno-floristic survey in sacred groves was done to identify medicinal plants used by locals for several diseases. It revealed that Sree Oorpazhachi Kavu consist of a total of 86 vascular plants falling under 75 genera and 38 families. Out of which, the angiosperm dominate with 83 members, while 2 were pteridophytes and Cycas circinalis is the only gymnosperm. Leguminosae emerges as the largest family that contributes about 12 species. The listed plant species are mainly used to cure the common diseases such as fever and headache, cough, cold, many skin diseases, wound, diabetics, diarrhoea, dysentery, cancer, ulcer, brain haemorrhage, urinary infection, bronchitis, rheumatoid, arthritis, asthma, inflammatory swellings, anemia, vomiting, liver diseases, constipation, high blood pressure, obesity, malaria, muscle pain, stomach ache, irregular menstruation, eye diseases, leprosy, toothache, hair loss, eczema, kidney stone etc. Scared groves remain unexplored and no comprehensive studies in ethno-botanical issues, so the conservation of medicinal plants diversity of these groves is therefore most important.


A chicane blanker assemblies for charged particle beam systems and a method of using the same. chicane blanker assembly for a charged particle beam system includes an entrance and an exit, at least one neutrals blocking structure, a plurality of chicane deflectors, a beam blanking deflector (620), and a beam blocking structure. The entrance is configured to accept a beam of charged particles propagating along an axis. The at least one neutrals blocking structure intersects the axis. The plurality of chicane deflectors includes a first chicane deflector (610), a second chicane deflector, a third chicane deflector, and a fourth chicane deflector sequentially arranged in series between the entrance and the exit and configured to deflect the beam along a path that bypasses the neutrals blocking structure and exits the chicane blanker assembly through the exit. In embodiments, the chicane blanker assembly includes a two neutrals blocking structures. In embodiments, the beam blocking structure is arranged between the third chicane deflector and the fourth chicane deflector.


Looking back to this year's sole ADR-related U.S. Supreme Court decision, Joseph T. McLaughlin, Kathleen M. Scanlon and James Clare, of New York, revisit Buckeye Check Cashing Inc. v. Cardegna, and explain why it reaches further in supporting an arbitrator's jurisdiction than it initially appeared


Public engagement brings new responsibilities to citizens that are involved to be 'representative'. Yet at the same time it appears that many public participants may in fact work to conceptualise themselves as 'unique'. When compared to 'other people' who they see as unconcerned, misinformed or relatively ignorant.
When compared to our understanding of the motivations and aims of scientists and engagement practitioners, we still know relatively little about how public participants understand, justify and explain their own involvement in engagement processes. In addition many practical resources on the benefits of engagement focus on the researcher's and/or communicator's perspective, few start from the perspective of the public voice.
This presentation will explore public perceptions of their role in public engagement, drawing on findings from a number of projects and evaluations.


The use of arthroscopy in the management of tibial plateau fractures is not a particularly new concept. It has been used successfully for Schatzker types I–III fractures. In addition to evaluating the fracture itself, it is easier to evaluate the other intraarticular structures. Coventionally, reduction for lateral tibial plateau fractures have been performed through a laterally based metaphyseal window, which is not without limitations, including difficulty with reduction of the fracture, as well as bone grafting though the resultant short subchondral tunnel. Also, there is a risk of lateral vascular supply distrubtion because of same side fracture. A medially based metaphyseal window to approach lateral tibial plateau fractures allows for minimal insult to the soft tissues, with advantageous ease of reduction and grafting through a longer tunnel for subchondral support. We aimed to present our initial experiences in twelwe cases approaching lateral tibial plateau fractures through a medial metaphyseal window. Material-Methods: Our series involves 12 patients with 7 Schatzker type II, 3 Schatzker type I, and 2 Schatzker type III fractures. There were 8 males and 4 females. The average age at the time of surgery was 37 (25-57) years. All of the patients underwent plain radiography and BT in each knee Time from injury to surgery was 6.2 days. Follow up was 18 months (9-22 months).Firstly diagnostic arthroscopy was performed. Concomittant pathology was adreessed as needed. There was 3 lateral meniscus tear that treated with partial meniscectomy. An ACL guide pin was placed percutaneously anteromedial tibia approximately 9 cm distal to the joint line. Once stisfactory positioning a cortical window 1x2 cm. made around the guide pin. Reduction was accomplished with a bone tamp that fits easily into the tunnel. Screws were used as rafters to support the articular surface and subchondral bone. We used in 7 patients lateral plate and screws and in 5 patients only screws. Care was taken to keep pump pressure at approximately 40 millimeters of mercury for alleviate the risk of compartment syndrome. Results: No complications related to the procedure were observed. No secondary loss of reduction was observed in radiological controls. Functional assessment according to HSS of the patients were excellent in 5 cases, good in 5 cases and fair 2 cases. Discussion: Because depressed fragments are elevated from distal cortical windows, the importance of an intact, or easily restored, "cortical envelope" is paramount. This case series showed satisfactory early clinical results. clinical picture postop. x-ray


In acoustic microscopy, and acoustic imaging in general, it is common to use a single surface refractor lens (see figure 2). In geometrical optical terms, rays strike the interface, suffer refraction and are brought to a focus.


Objectives: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumor of female genital mutilation.It is formed with smooth muscle and connective tissue and is common in women aged 30~50.According to statistics,at least 20% of childbearing-age women have uterine fibroids\.In recent years,with better awareness of health and improved life quality,patients have increasing request for retaining the uterus.The most commonly used treatment in the past is the abdominal surgery and laparoscopic surgery.However,when minimally invasive surgery concept was introduced into the field of obstetrics and gynecology,uterine fibroids vaginal surgery shows its advantages,especially when fibroids are greater in number and larger in size.Laparoscopic myomectomy may take a longer operation time,and result in an increase in bleeding,the residual of small tumor and the difficulty of suture.Therefore,vaginal myomectomy can have better surgery result than laparoscopic myomectomy.It may cause less damage,no abdominal scar,less postoperative pain,rapid recovery,and can be widely promoted.


This paper studies the system performance of a zone-structured packet radio network with mobile terminals to which the slotted ALOHA protocol is applied. Conventional performance analyses of the zone-structured packet radio network have not considered the effect of terminal mobile speed. Here, a model is developed for such a zone-structured network where a Markov model is used as the mobility model of a terminal and analytical techniques to evaluate static and dynamic performance of the system are presented. Numerical results and their intuitive interpretations are discussed to examine the effect of zone overlapping, mobile speed, etc.


The arrows of time have been a subject of intensive research over the past three decades,yet their implications for the foundational problems of physics,most notably the time's thermodynamic arrow,electromagnetic arrow,quantum arrow and cosmological arrow,have remained a matter of great controversy.From a historical point of view,this paper is intended to clarify some historical views including its more recent results,and to investigate their key features of the time's arrows in the context of the main interpretive approaches of time's arrows.


The linear Landau effect is revisited by the means of numerical simulations and analytical calculations. The existence of non-Landau solutions to the Vlasov-Poisson system is emphasized and the consistency of these solutions with respect to the arguments based on energy is investigated. The present article briefly summarizes the content of two articles already published on the subject and introduces a discussion based on the exchanges that occurred at Marseille during the Vlasovia meeting.


In view of the loud surface radiated noise of the diesel engine, we can identify the surface noise source by adopting sound intensity measurement method. According to the test result, we have found that engine's oil pan and intake manifold is the main noise source on the left side of the engine, cylinder head is the main noise source on the top side, and exhaust pipe is main noise source on the right side.


Air Logistic Centers trail the commercial sector in insertion of robotics and automation technologies. Small batch sizes, feature uncertainty, and varying workload have conspired to make classical industrial robotic solutions impractical for a wide range of depot remanufacturing processes. The solution is telerobotics. The challenge is how to judiciously exploit telerobotics to enhance depot industrial processes. In response to that challenge, the AFMC Robotics and Automation Center of Excellence (RACE) has launched a technical initiative to foster creative development and innovative utilization of emerging telerobotic technologies. The goals, plan of attack, and status of that initiative are presented.<<ETX>>


A method of extracting central objects in color images without any prior-knowledge is proposed in this paper, which uses basically information of significant color distribution. A central object in an image is defined as a set of regions that lie around center of the image and have significant color distribution against the other surround (or background) regions. Significant colors in an image are first defined as the colors that are distributed more densely around center of the image than near borders. Then core object regions (CORs) are selected as the regions a lot of pixels of which have the significant colors. Finally, the adjacent regions to the CORs are iteratively merged if they are similar to the CORs but not to the background regions in color distribution. The merging result is accepted as the central object that may include differently color-characterized regions and/or two or more objects of interest. Usefulness of the significant colors in extracting the central object was verified through experiments on several kinds of test images. We expect that central objects shall be used usefully in image retrieval applications.


In this work, multiple model control of a boiler-turbine system is studied. Multiple linear local models are obtained through piecewise linearization. A bank of Kalman filters is constructed using these local models. States and model parameters used for future predictions within the predictive control are updated online through computation of probability density functions. Simulations show that the boiler-turbine coordinated system can be successfully controlled by this methodology. Key-Words: Power systems, Kalman filtering, Predictive control, Multiple models, Boiler-turbine, Piecewise linearization


Quantum information science has the potential to greatly enhance our capabilities for secure communication through quantum encryption and communication technologies; for measurement sensitivity through quantum metrology; and for certain computational tasks through quantum computers. In particular, simulations of complex quantum systems—using either quantum computers or other, better-controllable quantum systems—have the potential to greatly improve our understanding of the states and dynamics of processes such as the folding of proteins, dynamics in chemistry, and energy transport on molecular and cellular scales. This thesis concerns experimental quantum information science, in particular quantum simulations, conducted using classical and quantum states of light in arrays of coupled laser-written waveguides. Integrated quantum photonics, wherein optical quantum states are manipulated in waveguide arrays, will be crucial for the miniaturization and ultimate practical scalability of optical quantum simulation and computing. Such waveguide arrays are also particularly well-suited for some quantum simulations due to the similarity between the scalar, paraxial optical wave equation and Schrodinger's equation for a bound quantum particle. Four experiments are described in this thesis where laser-written waveguide arrays are employed for optical quantum information science. Two of these concern waveguide optical simulations inspired by exciton transport dynamics in photosynthetic structures. For the first of these, we detail the design, modeling, and testing of a waveguide array for analog simulation of the Hamiltonian governing exciton dynamics in a particular bacterial photosynthetic subunit. We ultimately find that such a demanding simulation may exceed current capabilities in the rapidly-maturing field of laser-written waveguides, but the modeling and measurement techniques developed inform our further experiments. In the other such experiment we study an important quantum transport phenomenon, environmentally-assisted quantum transport (ENAQT), which is hypothesized to partially explain high energy transport in photosynthetic light-harvesting. We show that the transport efficiency of light in a specific disordered waveguide array can be enhanced through the addition of quantum decoherence which we implement by broadening the illumination bandwidth. Another experiment concerns the behavior of two-photon states in a continuous-time quan-


Between 2006 and 2008, 146 isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained from bakanae-diseased rice plants and seeds from the major rice-growing regions of Italy. These isolates were identified based on translation elongation factor (EF-1a) sequence and pathogenicity tests were used to assess their aggressiveness against the susceptible rice cultivar Galileo. Use of the EF-1a sequence gave reliable identification and showed that Fusarium fujikuroi, the causal agent of bakanae disease, was the most abundant Fusarium spp. isolated. These data were confirmed by inoculation of the isolates to rice seeds which were then germinated in the greenhouse, showing that only F. fujikuroi isolates were able to cause bakanae disease. Pathogenic isolates were identified with different levels of aggressiveness. Phylogenetic analysis based on EF-1a sequences generated a tree which separated the various Fusarium species into different clusters with high bootstrap values.


A company that is engaged in textile as well as in the garment field located in Sukoharjo, Central Java under the name of PT. Dan Liris is a company that well known to foreign countries. This study discusses the load and work posture on the operator in the garment part of the fabric until the finishing process is done repeatedly by the worker. This research was conducted by calculating physical workload as well as mental workload and work posture with% CVL method to measure physical workload and to measure mental workload using NASA - TLX method and RULA method to analyze work posture by being assisted by VISIO application. From the calculation of physical workload that is 25.41% in making patterns, cutting cloth 23.50%, sewing 25.57%, ironing 21.73%, and finishing 24.19% which means that the physical workload does not experience fatigue and also the result of mental workload is 18.54 on making patterns, cutting cloth 19.80, sewing 41.29, ironing 28.53, and finishing 18.71 which means that the mental load obtained is in a very low category in the process of making patterns, cutting cloth, and finishing in the process of ironing with a low category and sewing process with medium category and work posture has the result of making a pattern with a value of 4, cutting the fabric with a value of 6, sewing with a value of 4, ironing with a value of 6, and finishing with a value of 3.


A coordinate-space nucleon-nucleon potential is constructed in chiral effective field theory (χ EFT) retaining pions, nucleons and Δ-isobars as explicit degrees of freedom. The calculation of the potential is carried out by including one- and two-pionexchange contributions up to next-to-next-to-leading order (N2LO) and contact interactions up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO). The low-energy constants multiplying these contact interactions are fitted to the 2013 Granada database in the laboratory-energy range 0–300 MeV.


1,2-dihydro-pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-3-carbonitrile derivatives were synthesized via the three-component reaction of aldehyde, malonodinitrile and 2-aminobenzimidazole in water under microwave irradiation. The new protocol has the advantages of excellent yield, low cost, reduced environment impact, wide scope and convenient procedure.


����� �� *2 � � Kenta TAKEI (Stu. Mem.), Wataru KITAGAWA (Mem.), Takaharu TAKESHITA, Yoshio FUJIMURA This paper describes the design of small-sized and high thrust electromagnetic actuator, and the optimization of the mover aimed at the lightweight of the mover. The proposed electromagnetic actuator is used for the hotmelt applicator. The stackable electromagnetic actuator has been designed so that the electromagnetic actuators with various characteristics can be configured because the hotmelt has different properties for each main component. Moreover, in order to improve the characteristics of the electromagnetic actuator, it is considered useful to reduce the mass of the mover according to the equation of motion. In this paper, the permanent magnet volume has been reduced and resin has been interposed as a spacer to reduce the weight on the mover. As a result, the proposed


Includes copies of title papers and abstract to the Alamo property, data and information about the Alamo and the siege of March 6, 1836, an article entitled "The fall of the Alamo, " by Captain R. M. Potter, pub. in the Magazine of American history in 1878, etc.


Background:
 As pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurs infrequently, little is known about survival outcomes in children. We examined whether OHCA survival in children differed by patients' age, sex, and race, as well as recent survival trends.

 Methods:
 Within the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES), a prospective U.S. OHCA registry encompassing 64 million residents, we identified patients less than 18 years of age with an OHCA from October, 2005 to December, 2012. We examined whether survival differed by patients' age (≤1 year, 1-8 years, >8 years), sex, race, and initial cardiac arrest rhythm, using modified Poisson regression, adjusted for patient characteristics. Similarly, we examined trends in survival, with years 2005-7 as the reference.

 Results:
 A total of 1,412 patients with an OHCA were identified, of which 67 (4.7%) were infants, 918 (65.0%) were younger children, and 427 (30.2%) older children. Sixty percent of the study population was male and 33.4% were black. The vast majority of arrests involved a non-shockable rhythm, with only 9.2% of patients having a first documented rhythm of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). Overall, 103 (7.3%) patients survived to hospital discharge. Of those with non-shockable rhythms (asystole, pulseless electrical activity, and unknown, non-shockable rhythms), 4.4% survived to discharge compared with a survival of 36.2% in those with VT or VF (P<0.001). After adjustment for patient characteristics, children 1-8 years of age were less likely to survive to hospital discharge compared with children >8 years of age (rate ratio [RR]: 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34, 0.82). In addition, OHCAs due to VT or VF were associated with improved survival (RR 6.67; 95% CI 4.35, 10.23). In contrast, there were no differences in survival by sex or race. Additionally, no temporal trends in survival were observed (p=0.47).

 Conclusion:
 In a large, national registry of pediatric OHCA, we found no disparities in survival by patients' sex, race, or year of arrest, although survival was lower in young children and those with non-shockable cardiac arrest rhythms.


The invention discloses a data center based on network storage and an access method of the data center, and relates to the technical field of network storage. The method includes the steps that when the data center receives an access request sent by a user host, a management server of the data center authenticates the identity of the user host; if the user host passes the identity authentication, a network storage device where the user host wants to have access to through the access request judges whether the access request is authorized or not, and if the access request is authorized, corresponding processing is conducted. The invention further discloses the data center. According to the technical scheme, the system performance is improved.


ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the major environmental stressors which has deleterious effects on the growth, development, and yield of crops. Because of the gradual increase in soil and water salinity in the East Azarbaijan, Iran, Tanacetum balsamita L. cultivation in this region has always been associated with many problems. To study the effect of foliar spray of iron sulfate (FeSO4) (0, 750, and 1500 mg L−1) under sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity (0, 50, and 100 mM) on some physiological characteristics of Tanacetum balsamita L. plants, an experiment was conducted as a factorial based on complete randomized block design with three replications. Total soluble solids (TSS) and essential oil contents were significantly affected by the interaction effects of FeSO4 foliar application and salinity levels. The highest TSS and essential oil content were found in the plants under NaCl0 × FeSO4 1500 mg L−1 treatment combination. Leaf length, leaf fresh and dry weights were influenced by both Fe foliar application and salinity levels. Foliar application of iron (Fe) positively affected leaf length, leaves fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights and peroxidase (POD) content, especially at 1500 mg L−1. Other traits such as leaf length, leaf fresh and dry weights, malondialdehyde (MDA), POD and catalase (CAT) contents were influenced by salinity levels. For POD, MDA, and CAT contents, the highest values were recorded with NaCl 50 and 100. The highest values of leaf length, leaf fresh and dry weights were found in the control plants.


Objective:To investigate the application of modern statistical methods in the researches of TCM syndromes of coronary heart disease,in order to provide scientific reference basis for the quantification diagnosis standard formulation of TCM syndromes of coronary heart disease.Methods:The combination of factor analysis and Logistic regression analysis were used in the 1 218 researches of quantification diagnosis standard formulation of TCM syndromes of coronary heart disease.Results:In early phase of coronary heart disease,the characteristic syndromes were syndrome of qi stagnation in chest and syndrome of deficiency of both qi and yin.In the paroxysm phase,the characteristic syndromes were syndrome of qi stagnation and phlegm blockage,syndrome of deficiency of heart yang,syndrome of coagulated cold in heart vessel and syndrome of yang deficiency and blood stasis.In the remission phase,the characteristic syndromes were syndrome of disharmony between liver and spleen,syndrome of yang deficiency of heart and kidney and syndrome of qi deficiency of heart and lung.In the recovery phase,the characteristic syndromes were syndrome of deficiency of heart qi,syndrome of yang deficiency and qi stagnation and syndrome of deficiency of both qi and yin.Conclusion:The combination of factor analysis and Logistic regression analysis could be used in the researches of classification and quantization of TCM syndromes of coronary heart disease.


Video coding schemes for low bit-rate is of high importance and traditional coding schemes which use block transforms suffer from blocking artefacts. Here we propose a Video Codec based on Wavelet transform and hence performance of the coder is superior to other block transform based codecs. The Wavelet coefficients are coded using the computationally simpler no list SPIHT whose performance is similar to that of set partitioning in hierarchical trees. Motion estimation is done using the recently proposed kite-cross-diamond search algorithm which is the fastest among the block matching algorithms. The codec is ideally suited for sequences with smooth and gentle motion of the video conferencing kind. Simulation results are provided to evaluate the performance of the codec at various bit-rates. The codec is scalable in terms of bandwidth requirement which means only one compressed bit stream is produced for different bit-rates. The use of NLS makes the codec scalable since it has the embedded coding property. However for resolution scalability different compressed files are required.


Introduction: The infant mortality may be considered a strong social indicator of population life quality as may be inversely associated with social determinants in health. Objective: To present Fully Bayesian regression models to detect patterns of variation through mapping the risk of infant mortality in Espirito Santo state in 2010, and correlate with socioeconomic covariates. Methods: It is an ecological study with emphasis on spatial analysis where were evaluated the factors probably associated to infant mortality (proportion of mothers under 20 years, proportion of mothers with income up to half basic pay and proportion of coverage of sewage) in Espirito Santo state in 2010. The data were showed with spatial effect and covariates by the WinBugs program (Version 1.4) and R (Version 2.12).Results: From the analysis of different models it was found that the model that uses the spatial structure and adds the covariates income and sewage shows the better performance by DIC (Deviance Information Criterion) criterion. Through mapping risk estimated by fully Bayesian method was possible to realize a considerable gain on interpretation of infant death risk of Espirito Santo municipalities with this modeling.Conclusion: The methodological model adopted provides better visualization of infant mortality risk, overcoming inequalities' distributions, allowing better assess the relationships between spatial factors and infant mortality rates by neighborhood.


Chinese sports development requires urgently a institutes number of talents with entrepreneurial ability and the ability of personnel practice,that how to train entrepreneurial talents in sports institutes is an important subject.This article explores the mode of Entrepreneurship Education developing in sports institutes through the summary of practice.


One of the most challenging problems in antenna design is that of the electrically small antenna. For this investigation we define the size of the antenna as that enclosed within a cube of height, h/λ over an infinite ground plane. Thus the total volume within which the equivalent antenna in free space is confined is 2 (h/λ) . This definition is chosen because the computations are done with the Numerical Electromagnetics Code (NEC) [1], which uses Cartesian coordinates. The parameters which best characterize the performance of a small antenna are the quality factor, Q, and the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). The lower the Q, the more broadband the antenna; the lower the VSWR, the easier it is to transfer power from the transmission line to the antenna. The main problem in small antenna design is that as the size of the antenna is decreased its radiation resistance approaches zero and its reactance approaches plus or minus infinity. Most small antennas are inefficient and non-resonant, have a high VSWR and thus require matching networks.


The post-World War II world has seen the transformation of the international system from a configuration with several rival great powers into one with two superpowers and a set of lesser but still substantial powers—second-tier states with democratic politics and mixed economies. One of the recurrent concerns of the latter has been to secure supplies of natural resources. We argue that postwar conditions point to eight elements of prudent resource policy for middle-level powers. Such states should: (i) avoid military means; (2) choose trade partners whose political interests overlap with their own and who enjoy political stability; (3) seek to create in supplier and transit countries a structure of economic interests that will make supply agreements self-enforcing; (4) diversify with respect to commodity dependence, supplier share, and transit bottlenecks; (5) tailor stockpiles to the urgency of demand; (6) exploit technology to reduce dependence and enhance bargaining advantages; (7) encourage the private sector and public enterprises to become intermediaries in the international resource trade; and (8) pursue strategic interdependence among consumer nations by creating multilateral stakes in the maintenance of normal commerce in resources.


A parallel detection system has been added to the Wien Filter electron spectrometer on the dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope at IBM. The system uses an intensified diode array that is optically coupled to a single‐crystal YAG screen by a vacuum window and an f/1.4–22 camera lens. The YAG screen shares the spectrometer image plane with energy selecting slits used for bright field STEM images and for single‐channel energy loss analysis. Energy calibration to ±0.05 eV for scans over arbitrary energy ranges is accomplished by combining many parallel spectra having different energy centers. This process can remove channel gain variations, background variations, and nonlinear energy scale effects.


Aims: To evaluate the antimicrobial activities of various branded soaps against selected microbes present on the normal and infected skin.
Study Design:  Experimental design.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biological sciences (Ondo State University of Science and Technology) between April 2017 and October 2017.
Methodology: The identities of the reference organisms used were confirmed using standard microbiological techniques. A total of 10 soaps were assayed for their antimicrobial properties. Of these, three were medicated soaps, two laundry soaps, two beauty soaps, two toilet soaps and one black soap (traditionally made). Statistical analysis for zones of inhibition revealed variability of antimicrobial activity among different categories of the soaps.
Results: Soaps within the same categories showed positive correlation. Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible microbe with a zone of inhibition of 26.0±0.88 mm while Candida albicans was the least susceptible with a zone of inhibition of 9.0±0.67 mm. Averagely, Sample A3 exhibited the least zone of inhibition (13.0±1.70) mm. The results showed that majority of antimicrobial soaps have antibacterial activity though lack antifungal effect. Sample X1 (traditional black soap) and A3 are the only effective antifungal agents used. The study also revealed physical changes occur in the microbial structure of the test microorganisms.
Conclusion: This study has revealed that black soaps and medicated soaps are better antimicrobial agents than beauty soaps. Hence, it justifies the use of medicated soaps for control of skin related infections. However, better promotion is required for traditional black soap in order to maximize its antimicrobial potentials.


-We studied the effect of the dark central florets of Queen Anne's Lace (Daucus carota L.) on insect visitation and fruit production in five locations in the eastern United States. In each site, the central florets were removed from a randomly selected sample of the study plants. Insect visitation was monitored at 48-h intervals throughout anthesis, and fruits were counted at the end of the reproductive season. In each location, a single insect taxon favored plants with central florets. However, in four locations these insects made up a small proportion of the insect community. Thus, fruit production did not differ between treatment and control plants. In the fifth location, an insect that comprised 28% of the insect community favored control umbels. Still, there was no increase in fruit production. The central florets of Queen Anne's Lace may be adaptive when the attracted insect taxa are common, or are very effective pollinators.


In this paper we document on eeciency aspects in the reasoning process of Medtool, an Expert Systems shell for dynamic domains. EEciency is achieved exploiting the relation between consecutive applications of the reasoning process. Inference in Medtool applies for temporal projection and completion problems. The representation is restricted so that the reasoning process consists in an ordered evaluation of a set of expressions, following a dependences net. This reasoning process is applied consecutively for several situations. At each situation, the concept of pertinence is used to establish which part of the knowledge base is actually relevant, i.e., aaected by changes. Besides the computation of the relevant subset, the inference process can be done in parallel by several processors, in a transparent manner to the user. The application of several scheduling criteria is studied. These criteria are easily implementable and are shown to achieve high processor usage for real expert systems. Concurrency is studied also among reasoning processes for multiple situations that can be in progress simultaneously | swell processing. This technique allows starting the propagation of the next change when the current one has not nished yet, increasing the level of concurrency (similar to pipeline techniques). Another aspect of eeciency improvement takes into account distributed platforms. The environment allows diierent users to work with multiple distributed subjects instances, sharing the same knowledge base.


Data examination regarding historical earthquakes in Indonesia has revealed that damages occurred mostly in non-engineered buildings. Many non-engineered buildings have serious design and construction deficiencies in using concrete of inadequate quality and have poor steel reinforcement detailing especially in their beam-column joints. These joints require an effective strengthening technique which is simple to install. This paper presents steel plates to reinforce concrete beam-column joints through numerical studies. The finite element model was developed using ABAQUS. The FEM results were validated by comparisons with previous experimental tests. For this purpose, two RC beam-column joints were analyzed, including original standard beam columns and non-standard steel detailing strengthened with steel plates. The comparison of the results from numerical model indicated that steel plates could increase lateral strength, ductility, energy dissipation and increase the shear strength of the joints.


We give a new constructive method to prove existence of shared matings in the special class $V_2$ consisting of rational maps with a super-attracting $2$-cycle (up to M\"obius conjugacy). The proof does not use Thurston's Theorem on branched coverings on the Riemann sphere. The background to this paper is the master thesis of L. Pedersen (Ume\r{a} University, 2014), where one special shared mating was studied.


Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) is one of the transporters responsible for renal elimination of organic anions. In the present study, the influence of extracellular pH on the transport-activity of OAT1 was examined using OAT1-transfected HEK 293 cells and the model substrate para-aminohippurate (PAH). The uptake of [3H]PAH was measured by a liquid scintillation counter at different time points, varying extracellular pH and chemicals possibly influencing pH-dependent processes. In general, uptake of PAH was higher at lower than at higher extracellular pH. Probenecid fully inhibited PAH uptake regardless of the extracellular pH. At pH 6.4 and pH 7.4, Michaelis-Menten constant remained the same, but Vmax increased. Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) inhibited the uptake of PAH with an IC50 of 2,5 ± 0,5 µM. The pH dependence on the uptake of PAH remained in the presence of CCCP. Hydrogen carbonate has no influence on the uptake of PAH whereas acetazolamide, 4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulfonate (SITS) and amiloride inhibited the uptake of PAH at pH 6.4 and 7.4.


Big information is pool of huge and complicated information sets so it becomes tough to method information exploitation management tools. The term 'Big Data' illustrates innovative method and knowledge to capture, store, distribute, handle and evaluate petabyte or larger-sized datasets with high-speed and totally different structures. Huge knowledge may be structured, unstructured or semi-structured, leading to incapability of standard knowledge management ways. With the quick evolution of information, information storage and networking assortment capability, massive information area unit quickly growing altogether science and engineering domains. Knowledge is generated from numerous totally different sources and might arrive within the system at numerous rates. So as to method these giant amounts of information in a cheap and economical approach, similarity are employed. Huge knowledge may be knowledge whose scale, diversity, and quality need new design, techniques, algorithms, and analytics to manage it and extract price and hidden information from it. The analysis of huge information typically tough because it often involves assortment of mixed information supported completely different patterns or rules. The challenges embrace capture, storage, search, sharing, analysis, and visualization. The trend to massive information sets is owing to the additional info drawn from analysis of one large set of connected information, compared to separate smaller sets with constant total quantity of information. Massive data processing is that the ability of extracting helpful info from streams of information or datasets, that owing to its rate, variability and volume. This paper argues applications of huge processing model and conjointly massive data processing. Hadoop is that the core platform for structuring huge knowledge, and solves the matter of constructing it helpful for analytics functions. Hadoop is Associate in nursing open supply software system project that permits the distributed process of huge knowledge sets across clusters of goods servers. It's designed to rescale from one server to thousands of machines, with a awfully high degree of fault tolerance.


Huntington's disease is a rare neuropsychiatric disorder that affects, at a minimum, around 12.4 in every 100 000 people in the UK (Rawlins, 2010). The illness is hereditary, and every child born to an affected parent has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene that causes Huntington's disease, and if a child does so, he/she will go on and develop the illness. There is a genetic test that can tell people whether or not they carry the gene that causes the illness.


Abstract The regional hydroclimatological effect of global climate change has been estimated and compared using a semi-empirical downscaling method with two versions (T21 and T42) of the general circulation model (GCM) developed at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany. The comparisons were performed with daily mean temperature and daily precipitation amounts for the continental climate of the state of Nebraska, USA. Both the T21 and the T42 versions resulted in an increase of daily mean temperature under a 2 x C02 climatess. The magnitude of warming was substantially greater for T21 than for T42, except for February and June and at some stations in July where the T42 model suggested greater warming. Both GCMs resulted in a slight decrease in precipitation frequency and an increase in the amount of precipitation on wet days. Here, the T42 model again led to smaller changes. Different locations within Nebraska exhibited somewhat different temperature and precipitation responses with both GCM ve...


The Drinking Water Laboratory Certification Program has been in existence since 1943 and was adopted by the Drinking Water Program in 1978 under the authority given the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) by the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Both USEPA and the states are looking for ways to make the program efficient in the face of dwindling resources. Recent discussions concerning the certification program have included major new approaches. With impending reauthorization of the SDWA and the changing needs of the certification community, the program could be significantly modified.


Electrochemical methods have been evaluated that attempt the indirect measurement of the effective concentration of a brighter additive in acid copper sulfate plating baths. The procedures all employed electrodeposition of copper on a platinum working electrode under carefully controlled conditions of mass transport, time, temperature, and potential, followed by the measurement of the charge that was required to strip the copper deposit from the working electrode. The amount of charge that was required to strip the copper deposit at a given concentration of additive varied significantly from fresh to production baths and from lot to lot of the additive. The feasibility of using electrochemical methods to control brightener additive in acid copper sulfate plating baths is discussed. 3 figs., 11 refs.


The Abruzzo, Lazio, and Molise National Park is located in the Central Apennines (Italy), in a vast mountainous area of about 1300 km 2 . It was founded in 1922, and it is renowned for conserving some of the most important Italian fauna species. Moreover, it is an international open-air laboratory for its geological-geomorphological heritage related to various paleogeographical and morphogenetic environments. Great geodiversity examples are still reflected today by the main mountain chains, offering scientists and tourists imaginary journeys through ancient coral atolls and deep blue seas. Valleys of glacial or fluvial origin, alluvial fans, paleolandslides, karst morphologies, and present-day landscapes still preserve the memory of these ancient environments. Here, we report on the methods, initiatives, and activities to improve and valorize Abruzzo, Lazio, and Molise National Park geodiversity. In detail, the enhancement of geoheritage has been widely pursued through a stepwise approach which involved (i) literature data analysis, (ii) census and harmonization of geosites and geomorphosites, (iii) design of thematic maps and visual legends, (iv) geological-geomorphological field surveys. The resulting data allowed


The N-phenylmaleimide–styrene copolymer (PMS) was prepared and used to improve the brittleness of the cyanate ester resin. PMS was an effective modifier for improving the brittleness of the resin. The morphologies of the modified resins depended on PMS molecular weight and content. The most effective modification of the cyanate ester resin was attained because of the cocontinuous phase structure of the modified resin. Inclusion of 10 wt % PMS (Mw 133,000) led to an 160% increase in the fracture toughness (KIC) for the modified resin with a slight loss of flexural strength and retention of flexural modulus and the glass transition temperature, compared to the values for the unmodified resin. Low water absorptivity of the parent-cured resin was not deteriorated by modification. The toughening mechanism was discussed in terms of the morphological and dynamic viscoelastic behaviors of the modified cyanate ester resin system. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 2931–2939, 1999


partitioned regression estimator J3OLS (obtained from the augmented structural equation (1)') does not gain in this way because it is, in effect, based on residuals from reduced form regressions (viz. Qxy\,Qxyi) as the formula /3OLs = (yiQxyi)~' {yiQx(y\ -yi)) indicates. (iii) Another way of comparing the outcomes discussed in (ii) is to note that JSQLS trades heavily on the identifying information embodied in the form of the error covariance matrix E = aE0 and that this information becomes relatively less important as y'My grows large. We observe that this is precisely the environment that occurs when the regressors x, are nonstationary. We may therefore expect from these results that the role of prior information about the error covariance matrix is very different in models in nonstationary regressors.


In this research a new polyheterocyclic compounds endowed with various biological activities using different aminopyrazoles as starting reagents were sinthesized. We have developed a bibliographic study bearing the interest, the different methods of the synthesis and reactivity of aminopyrazoles. We have used the aminocyanopyrazoles in the preparation of new aromatic heterocycles by carrying out cyclization reactions of the two extracyclic functions amine and nitrile. Some of the obtained compound have shown interesting biological activities and fluorescence properties. We then dealt with the C-4 arylation reactions by activation of the palladium-catalyzed C-H bond of 5-aminopyrazole carrying the cyclopropyl group in the C3 position. This study is then extended to amination reactions. Finally, the synthesis of polyheterocyclic compounds involving intramolecular arylation and amination reactions is reported.


We numerically investigate time-delay photonic reservoirs to provide a deep understanding of their complex nonlinear dynamics, in connection to their memory and performance to solve machine learning problems. We explore the ability of such systems to tackle tasks with progressing difficulty towards optimized neuromorphic photonic applications.


A group of electronically unsaturated (14-electron) diene complexes of Hf and Ti has been reacted with 2,6-xylyl isocyanide. Cp*Hf(diene)Cl (diene = 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene; Cp* = η-C5Me5) reacts with 2 mol of isocyanide to form the unusual heterospiro complexes Cp*Hf(Cl)N(xy)CCH2C(Me)=C(R)CH=CHN(xy) (R = H, Me; xy = 2,6-xylyl) involving a 1,2-hydrogen shift and a ring closure after insertion of isocyanide into the Hf-diene bond. In Cp*Hf(2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene)R (R = Me, Ph, neopentyl) the size of R determines whether insertion into the Hf-R bond (R = Me) or the Hf-diene bond (R = Ph, neopentyl) takes place. Cp*Ti(2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene)Cl reacts through elimination of the diene ligand and C,C coupling of two isocyanides to form (Cp*TiCl)2[μ-N2C2(xy)2]. This compound crystallizes in space group P21/c with a = 11.111 (8) A, b = 19.435 (17) A, c = 8.592 (4) A, β = 109.68 (5)° at 170 K, Z = 2, and dcalcd = 1.33 g cm-3. The molecule is centered around an approximately planar raftlike Ti2N2C2 structure with a bridging nonlinear (xy)NCCN(xy) ligand. As side products two enediamide complexes deriving from double and triple insertion of isocyanide into the Ti-diene bond could be identified. The difference in reactivity between the Ti and Hf complexes demonstrates the decrease in σ2,π-metallacyclopentene character in Cp*M(diene)Cl going from M = Hf to M = Ti.


Introduction Most currently available colorectal cancer (CRC) mouse models are not suitable for studying progression towards the metastatic stage of the disease. Recently, establishment of tumour organoid lines, either from murine CRC models or patients, and the possibility of engineering them with genome-editing technologies, have provided a large collection of tumour material faithfully recapitulating phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of native tumours. Material and methods To study tumour progression in the natural in vivo environment, we developed an orthotopic approach based on transplantation of CRC organoids into the intestinal epithelium. With this method we dissected the adenoma-carcinoma sequence (i.e. the consecutive genetic and phenotypic steps that lead to CRC progression and ultimately, formation of distant metastasis) of CRC. Using intravital microscopy we captured the migratory cells of CRC and characterise which cancer cells are capable to intravasate and lead to metastasis formation at distant sites. Results and discussions We developed an in vivo model of CRC which enables growth of transplanted organoids into a single tumour mass within the intestinal tract. Due to long latency, tumour cells are capable of spreading through the blood circulation and forming metastases at distant sites. With this model we demonstrated that sequential accumulation of specific oncogenic mutations facilitates efficient tumour growth, migration, and metastatic colonisation. We showed that reconstitution of specific niche signals can restore metastatic growth potential of tumour cells lacking one of the oncogenic mutations. Conclusion Our method is designed to generate tumours suitable for studying CRC progression, thereby providing the opportunity to visualise tumour cell dynamics in vivo. Our findings imply that the ability to metastasize—i.e., to colonise distant sites—is the direct consequence of the loss of dependency on specific niche signals.