The heavy metal lead was administered to Arabidopsis thaliana plants by foliar spray. At a concentration of 14mol m(-3), the lead nitrate suspension induced densely distributed necrotic lesions on A. thaliana leaves. A number of Arabidopsis ecotypes were tested and a differential response to heavy-metal toxicity was noted, The necrosis provoked as a result of the phytotoxic effect of lead had a similar appearance to the necrotic lesions observed in a hypersensitive response of A. thaliana to inoculation with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Lummerzheim et al. 1993, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 6, 532-544), In addition to this phenotypic resemblance, accumulation of polyphenols and callose depositions observed by microscopic analysis, as well as increases in the activities of the stress-related proteins beta-1,3-glucanases, chitinases and peroxidases, revealed significant similarities in the plant response to the two treatments examined, lead toxicity and bacterial infection, The results allow the establishment of markers for both types of stress.


Effects of some environmental variables (moisture, temperature, pH) on the carbon stock and respiration in the rhizosphere soil of Sal (Shorea robusta Roxb. ex. Gaertn. f.) of 11 different Sal forest stands situated in Cumilla, Gazipur, Sherpur, Modhupur, Dinajpur and Rangpur of Bangladesh were assessed. Soil samples were collected from two layers (upper layer, 0 - 15 cm and lower layer, 15–30 cm depth). During February 2019, samples were collected from Kotbari and Rajeshpur of Cumilla and during June 2019, samples were collected from the rest of the stands. The values of different variables showed fluctuations, e.g. moisture content (11.87 - 38.78%), pH (4.73 to 6.03), conductivity (63.13 - 248.83 μS/cm), soil organic carbon (135.43 - 1263.53 ton/ha) and respiration (75.95 - 91.8 mg CO2/g soil) respectively. Rates of respiration increased where pH remained 4 to 6 and the temperature 20 to 34ºC. Rate of respiration also increased when the amount of moisture content and carbon stock decreased. This research will help to understand the role of environmental factors on the variability of soil C dynamics in the natural Sal forest areas of Bangladesh.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 685-693, 2021 (September)


[Propose] The present study aimed to reveal research trends in nursing approaches to address iNPH dementia by conducting a comparison study of Japanese research studies published in the Japan Medical Abstracts Society. [Methods] We searched for articles containing the terms "iNPH," "prevention," and "nursing treatment." Articles containing these terms were analyzed using Trend Search, a text mining software developed by FUJITSU and widely available on the market. [Results and considerations] Hitting articles number was seven articles, moreover, Original articles number was nothing articles with abstract. Whole of one is them about nursing palliative care, reminding articles are explanation of iNPH on pathophysiology. Mapping yielded two wedges: symptoms of iNPH and treatment of iNPH. Therefore, we conclude further research studies are required in order to improve nursing care approaches to prevent iNPH dementia.


Users frustrated with corporate helpdesks are utilizing internet searches and social media sites for support purposes. There is a wealth of support-related content available publicly; supplier's web sites, blogs, product forums are just some examples. HP is in an optimal position to deliver a platform that utilizes the publicly available content to automatically answer corporate users' support questions. We identify three primary technical challenges on the design of an automated platform that uses social media to answer support questions: understanding the context in which the question is asked, finding and retrieving the resources in the social media where the question has been discussed, and organizing the content retrieved from the social media resources in a user-friendly way. We apply novel statistical clustering and data mining techniques to address these challenges on the design of an automated platform that answers support questions based on content from social media.


This paper dealed with the differences between albino and normal seedlings of Calamus nambarensis var.xishuangbanensis in terms of growth and photosynthesis.Thirteen families among 22 families were found to have one to three albinos,the percent of which varying from 0.4 to 2.2 percents,while the percent of albinos among all 22 families was about 0.7 percent.The number of albino leaves and the length of longest leaves were 1.9±0.3 and 22.32±3.49 cm respectively, which were less than that of 2.0±0.0 and 26.09±3.26 cm of normal seedlings,accounting for 95% and 85% of normal seedlings.The albinos hadn't chlorophyll a,but some chlorophyll b.The total content of chlorophyll was 0.02 mg·g~(-1)FW, much less than that of 8.15 mg·g~(-1)FW of normal seedlings, accounting for 0.2 percent.Whether photosynthesis active radiation(PAR) was 800 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) or (1 600) μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),the photosynthetic rate of albinos was less than that of normal seedlings,accounting for about 20 percents.The data of net photosynthetic rate of albino evaluatde by the authors were also analyzed


It has been shown that estrogens cause definite gross anatomic alterations in the joints of the pelvic ring in the guinea pig. 1 Hisaw 2 has demonstrated experimental relaxation of the pubic symphysis with the relaxative hormone of the corpus luteum. Little attention, however, has been paid to the minute histologic changes occurring at the pubic symphysis during the transformation. Furthermore, similar correlative histologic studies of other bones and joints of guinea pigs are lacking. 3 In the light of these facts it seemed of interest to investigate the effects of subcutaneous injections of estrogen 4 in mature castrated guinea pigs on (1) the tissues of the pubic symphysis and the sacroiliac joints in situ, (2) autogenous transplanted segments of the pubic symphysis with attached ligaments, and (3) the capsular tissues of the major joints. METHOD Twelve male guinea pigs, each weighing approximately 400 Gm., were castrated under general anesthesia.


The structure elucidation and enantioselective total synthesis of the potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor FR901512 were accomplished. FR901512 was prepared in 15 steps from the commercially available 2-bromo-4-methylbenzaldehyde via FR901516 in 16.3% overall yield (89% average yield). The catalytic asymmetric Nozaki−Hiyama reactions developed by us proved their applicability and reliability through this work, enabling the concise, efficient, and protecting-group-free enantioselective total syntheses of these new statins.


Abstract Particulates not otherwise classified (PNOC) and particulates not otherwise regulated (PNOR) are the terms used by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists and by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), respectively, for those dusts not already identified and covered by a specific OSHA standard, as listed in 29 CFR 1910.1000. The rubric of PNOC/R therefore covers the vast majority of dusts likely to be encountered in the workplace. However, these dusts are associated with only a small number of claims for workers' compensation or reports of occupational disease. Pneumoconioses caused by these dusts are uncommon and usually confer little functional impairment compared with the fibrogenic dusts such as asbestos, silica, and coal dust. The attribution of airways disease to nonfibrogenic dusts has been highly controversial. It is common practice, in the absence of a clear guideline to the contrary in the clinical literature, to consider exposure to nonfibrogenic...


This study explores the feasibility of teaching self-regulation skills in an early childhood setting. Based on the concepts of the Alert Program, one early childhood classroom of 19 students (ages 3–5 years) and two classroom teachers took part in the Ready CLASS Project. The 8-week intervention focused on increasing self-regulation skills in young children through intentional group instruction and embedded experiences. This study utilized a time-series, quasi-experimental design. The results indicate that children's vocabulary about self-regulation and feelings recognition capacity can be influenced when the activities and experiences become embedded into the daily routine of the classroom.


By employing monomer-resolved computer simulations and analytical considerations based on polymer scaling theory, we analyze the conformations and interactions of multiarm star polymers strongly adsorbed on a smooth, two-dimensional plane. We find a stronger stretching of the arms as well as a stronger repulsive, effective interaction than in the three-dimensional case. In particular, the star size scales with the number of arms f as ∼f1/4 and the effective interaction as ∼f2, as opposed to ∼f1/5 and ∼f3/2, respectively, in three dimensions. Our results demonstrate the dramatic effect that geometric confinement can have on the effective interactions and the subsequent correlations of soft colloids in general, for which the conformation can be altered as a result of geometrical constraints imposed on them.


In the developed world the number of new cases of bladder cancer increases every year, although the reasons for the increased incidence is not known. Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary tract. The disease occurs in the elderly, and most of the patients in the age group of 50-80 years. For unknown reasons, the bladder is three times more common in men than in women. Papillary urothelial tumors are the most common form of urothelial tumors. Thin and delicate branches of papillary tumors are easy to break and cause major symptom of papillary tumors hematuria. Cytological examination of urine sediment is a simple diagnostic methods of examination of the urinary tract that can detect cancer anywhere within the coated urothelium. For cytological examination is required second morning, spontaneously voided urine. Three urine samples taken during three consecutive days are optimal diagnostic.


The objective of the present work has beep tu state the applicabity of a Neural Network approach to the analysis of Multiwavelength Remote Sensed Images and to verify the effectiveness of the neurd tool with respect to a maximum likelihood statistical one. In order to achieve this goal, it has been constructed an integrated datta-set, composed by a single date Thematic Mapper (TM) geocoded image m d a multiband SAR data. Thc microwave data consist of multipolarised C and X bands airborne SAR imagery,acquired on the Southern Italy Matera test site in the framework Of the AVIOSAR 580 itaban campaign in October 1990. In coincidence with the airborne data an extensive ground truth was collected on the site for near 50 homogeneous agricdturd fields. The ground truth has bee digitized and ruperimpoaed to the the remote sensed images. In this manner the points belonging to the fields of known ground truth have been extracted; some of them have been used as training and some as test set. The selected points haye been analyzed usjng both a MaximumLikelihood classification algorithm and a neural network based approach. As a neural architecture a three-layered feedforward Neural Network, trained with the backprogation algorithm, has been used. The Fe6dtS of the comparkon of the two approaches will be shown and discussed both in terms of statistical properties of training data sets used in the learning phwc and in terms of network characteristics.


By using electrochemical techniques, nanoparticle polyaniline (PANi) coating was synthesized on the surface of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel (1Cr18Ni9Ti SS). The electrochemical behavior of coated 1Cr18Ni9Ti SS was investigated in simulated proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) environment. The results indicate that the corrosion potential of coated steel is improved from -350 mV to 250 mV in simulated corrosion solution. PANi nanoparticle coatings can improve 1Cr18Ni9Ti SS corrosion resistance remarkably. No degradation and dropout take place in PANi coating under the typical load potential of fuel cell for 10 h. At the same time, the 5 cm2 fuel cell performance of PANi coated bipolar plates is higher than that of bare bipolar plates. Further effort to improve the performance of conductive polymer coatings and to estimate the long-term effort in actual PEMFC environment is deserved.


Recently, numerous efforts have been made on NVM-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) because the emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies have the advantages of lower leakage power and higher density than Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) technology. However, the cost and the scale of FPGAs are so high and large that they can't be applied in the consumer electronics field and Internet of Things (IoT). Due to the small scale and low cost, Programmable Logic Array (PLA) is an ideal option for these fields. However, up to now there are few researches on non-volatile PLA based on emerging NVMs. In this paper, a power-efficient non-volatile PLA based on Phase Change Memory (PCM) is proposed. The proposed non-volatile PLA architecture has been evaluated using the 40 nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology, and the simulation results show the correct functionality of the PLA. After the PLA reads the configuration bits from the non-volatile programmable elements (PEs), the power of the programmable elements can be OFF. Therefore, the standby power of the programmable elements is much smaller than that of the commonly SRAM-based PLAs. The simulation results also show that the total power of nvPLA is reduced by about 53.6% when the supply power of Programmable Element is OFF.


Twoline system hybrid rice is an important technical innovation in hybrid rice production based on photo/thermosensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) lines in rice. The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked with the male sterile gene of a Pei'ai 64S PTGMS line. Bulk segregant analysis of F2 population between Pei'ai 64S and Minghui 63 (normal variety) was used to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the PTGMS genes of Pei'ai 64S. One hundred RAPD primers were screened for polymorphisms between the parents and two bulks populations representing fertile and sterile plants. Of these, one primer produced polymorphic products, most of which contained repetitive sequences. Only one copysequence fragment with a length of 0.85 kbp was amplified by primer S8. It suggested that the 0.85 kb fragment was linked with the PTGMS genes of Pei'ai 64S, but the distance is not yet known.


According to the lower automation of the process of fiberglass in the small and medium factory,presents a detecting and controlling system of fiberglass with the controlling of single-chip microcomputers AT89S52,PIC16F628A and the real-time detecting of interface designed by Visual Basic.Illustrates the software and the hardware of the system,focusing on the industrial computer and the communication between it and single-chip microcomputers.The application shows that the system has good performance and can satisfy the functions and accuracy required.The system is also easy to use.


C.P.E. Bach once testified how his father, J.S. Bach, could anticipate if and how the subject of a fugue might contrapuntally combine with other lines later in the composition. This video equips the viewer with a method to do this regarding canonic combinations in particular, using stretto combinations from Clara Schumann's fugue op. 16, no. 3.


The best ebooks about Bone Marrow Transplantation For Treatment Of Lysosomal Storage Diseases Proceedings Of A Colloquium Held May 7 1985 Washington Dc that you can get for free here by download this Bone Marrow Transplantation For Treatment Of Lysosomal Storage Diseases Proceedings Of A Colloquium Held May 7 1985 Washington Dc and save to your desktop. This ebooks is under topic such as scientific inventory control zewaar section 1 the federal bureaucracy answer vegrus human body its structure and operations sgscc age of electronics emclo lifetime health skills answer key awandc legend of lonestar bear book ii soaring gurka singer quantum 7312 manual uyolk konica minolta dimage x9 manual iradar social networks in byzantine egypt weilun crusading warfare 1097 1193 2nd edition rymatt ships of wood and men of iron a norwegian canadian saga of unformed and unfilled a critique of the gap theory how to deal with how you feel ffclub oracle sql exam questions with answer bing geonav 2005 acura tl shock bushing manual xciii tale of mrs tiggy winkle limited centenary edition its a monster party reddye intl journal of gynecology obsteterics volume 83 suppl 1 10 03 physics pp com answers assessment ibptc greater london an industrial geography jazbox inspiring leadership pellon nissan brand style guide mandv the human brain lenex illness shamanistic curing in zinacantan zentus


The important technological and economic advantages have expanded the use of shoe press technology to the dewatering of all paper products from pulp to tissue. Whereas the development of NipcoFlex technology began in packaging paper machines 20 years ago, this technology can today be found in virtually all applications for the mechanical dewatering of the paper web in new and modernized production systems. The portfolio offers an economic solution for increasing productivity and efficiency for any requirement, whether a rebuild or a new machine. The advantages of shoe press technology are now also utilized in calendering in the paper industry. NipcoFlex and TissueFlex – Shoe press technology for the dewatering of all paper grades


The release of arachidonic acid (ArA) metabolites from mouse neurons and astrocytes in primary culture has been studied in response to ionomycin or glutamate stimulation. Cells were preincubated with [3H] ArA for 24 h and the radioactivity released was examined by HPLC. In striatal, cortical and hippocampal neurons, glutamate and ionomycin strongly stimulated the release of ArA, but neither prostaglandins (PGs) nor hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) could be detected. If they were released, these latter compounds represented < 0.02% of the amount of ArA. In contrast, in astrocyte cultures, ionomycin (but not glutamate) strongly stimulated the release of PGs and HETEs as well as ArA. Reversed‐ and straight‐phase HPLC analysis revealed the presence of PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α, 12‐hydroxyheptadeca‐5, 8,10‐trienoic acid (HHT) and HETEs (15‐HETE, 11‐HETE and 5‐HETE). Indomethacin inhibited the release of PGs and HHT, but also that of 11‐ and 15‐HETE, indicating that these two HETEs may be produced through the cyclooxygenase pathway. Metabolism of [3H]ArA was also examined in cellular homogenates. Although > 50% of the [3H]ArA was metabolized to PGF2α, PGE2, PGD2, HHT, 15‐ and 11‐HETE in cultured astrocyte homogenates, no [3H]ArA metabolism could be detected in cultured striatal neuron homogenates. Moreover, neuronal homogenates did not inhibit the metabolism of [3H]ArA observed in either astrocyte or platelet homogenates. These results indicate that central neurons in primary culture possess very low lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities. They emphasize the need to identify the cellular source of ArA metabolites in the brain, particularly when considering the multiple new messenger roles proposed for these molecules, such as that of retrograde messengers involved in synaptic plasticity phenomena.


Instrumental methods play an important role in the analysis of soil material. Soil is composed of mineral, organic, water, and air components. Analytical methods are required that characterize the fitness or quality of soils to perform various functions, such as providing a medium for plant growth, recycling waste products, and regulating and storing water, energy, and nutrients. The objective of this article is to describe the basic concept and approach to laboratory analysis of soil, and to outline the application of techniques used in the analysis of soil quality properties. Emphasis is placed on soil sampling and sample preparation, followed by a description of the possible instrumental methods available for the analysis of the chemical, biochemical, and physical properties of soil.


Corn gluten meal (CGM), a plant-based product marketed to home gardeners for preemergent control of weeds as well as a nitrogen fertilizer, was tested for crabgrass and broadleaf weed control in turf in comparison to other organic materials and synthetic herbicides. We conducted two large studies; one without supplementing the study site with nitrogen fertilizer and one where the entire study site was fertilized with nitrogen in the form of calcium nitrate. We also conducted a smaller study comparing the effect on turf quality of CGM to that of an equivalent rate of nitrogen supplied by ammonium nitrate. We found that where the turf was not previously fertilized, there was an improvement in turf quality. However, no improvement was noted when the turf was adequately fertilized. It was difficult to assess weed control since overall weed pressure was low in all studies despite overseeding with crabgrass and broadleaf weeds.


The chemicals produced by the microbial processes involved in the 'biofilms' which form on the surfaces of manned spacecraft water reclamation systems encompass both metals and organic poisons; both are potential hazards to astronaut health and the growth of the plants envisioned for closed-cycle life support systems. Image analysis is here shown to be a very useful technique for the study of biofilm formation on candidate water-processor materials for Space Station Freedom. The biodeterioration of materials exposed to biofilms can be swiftly evaluated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.


In this report a fast and sensitive electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of DA, AC and Tyr was proposed based on the Au@Pd HNRs/BG hybrid nanocomposites. Firstly, the incorporation of B atom into graphene with porous framework was achieved by one-pot hydrothermal approach. Secondly, the Au@Pd hybrid nanorods (Au@Pd HNRs) were encapsulated in B-doped graphene (BG) to form Au@Pd HNRs/BG hybrid nanocatalysts. Interestingly, boron-doping effect introduce the highly dispersed COOH groups and abundant defect sites, which not only improve the interfacial properties of Au@Pd HNRs, resulting ultrathin BG effectively enwrapped most of individual Au@Pd HNRs with excellent dispersibility, but the -COOH units form hydrogen bonding with the phenolic hydroxyl groups of DA, AC and Tyr, which provide a large specific surface area to increase their loading amount and improve the excellent electro-catalytic effect the three analytes. Therefore, high enough anodic peaks potential separation of DA, AC and Tyr and increased peak currents at Au@Pd HNRs/BG/GCE was provided a simultaneous sensitively determination of them with extraordinary stability and cost effective analysis, the detection limits (S/N=3) for determination of DA, AC and Tyr were found to be 4.58, 6.35 and 3.71 μM, respectively. Finally, the as-fabricated sensor was satisfactorily used for the determination of DA, AC and Tyr in the urine sample with acceptable recovery range.


The plasmonic system consisting of two-dimensional periodic array of silver cylindrical nanoparticles is considered. The light reflection and transmittance, calculated for various frequencies, show the resonance behavior. Excitation of plasmons in the array of nanorods is studied. The resonance electromagnetic modes are strongly localized around the cylinders and local electric field is much enhanced.


dialogue. But as for attitudes about being lesbian, I haven't found anything that different in foreign film audiences. I don't think about release strategies because I'm not trying to position my work in ways that will ensure theatrical release — with the exception of Hide and Seek, my work hasn't had that potential. Nevertheless, having a body of work that has addressed lesbian identity in various ways, I'm aware of the fact that a new film would likely be of interest to programmers at gay and lesbian festivals, so I always make an effort to have the work shown to them in order to build press. I don't go to many festivals these days and haven't for the past few years because of the sort of work I've been doing. I suppose if I have to speculate, I would say that festivals are becoming more unwieldy and that makes it harder to negotiate the terrain. It seems they're all getting bigger, everyone's upping the ante, and it's hard to be seen in the crush of that many films and parties. I imagine queer festivals will continue for a while, since more and more people are producing gay and lesbian films and videos and there isn't room in the nongay festivals for all that work to be shown (and as far as I'm concerned, a lot of it shouldn't be shown even in the gay festivals — a little editing would be in order!). I wonder sometimes whether they'll go the way of the women's film festivals, which were so essential, empowering, and wonderful back in the day but which now barely exist except in countries where women still have a much harder row to hoe and the urgency for showing work specifically about women's experiences is still strong.


ABSTRACT In this article, we suggest that we are witnessing a challenge to the hegemony of text-based knowledge in academic scholarship, brought about by newly available modes of expression, and a cultural shift in our notions of reading and writing, authorship, and networked knowledge production. The central question we address here concerns the implications of widening our ideas of acceptable forms of inquiry, analysis and representation in academic scholarship. As a collective of scholar-practitioners exploring new modes of expression and working both within and outside the formal structures of academia, we argue for the increasing significance of multimodal research in the contemporary context of academic inquiry. By more equitably valuing different ways of thinking, knowing and communicating, multimodal research can facilitate wider and more diverse participation in the production of knowledge, offer a more nuanced and ethical mode of inquiry, emphasize different ways of knowing and connecting, and make scholarship more broadly accessible beyond academic contexts. Here, we analyze the key opportunities facilitated by multimodal inquiry, as well as the obstacles that stand in the way of a wider adoption of this type of research in higher education.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of routine fluid replacement (RFR), acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) and goal-directed intraoperative fluid replacement (GDFR) in patients undergoing radical operation for gastrointestinal tumor. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅱ patients aged 40-60 yr undergoing elective resection of gastrointestinal tumor were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20 each): group A RFR, group B AHH and group C GDFR. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, fentanyl and rocuronium and maintained with isoflurane, fentanyl and atracurium. The patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated. PET CO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg. Left ventricular ejection time (LVETc) and stroke volume (SV) were monitored during operation using esophageal doppler monitor (HemosonicTM 100. Arrow Co, USA) in addition to ECG, MAP and HR. RFR included (1)compensatory volume expansion (CVE), (2)physiological requirement, (3)cumulative loss, (4) continued loss = intraoperative blood loss and (5) 3rd space losses. CVE was replaced with lactated Ringer's solution (LR) 5 ml/kg before induction of anesthesia. The physiological requirement and cumulative loss were replaced with LR solution, Intraoperative blood loss was replaced with equal volume of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0.4). The 3rd space losses were replaced with LR solution 5 ml·kg-1·h-1. In group B CVE was replaced with LR solution as in group A. 6% HES (130/0.4) 15 ml/kg was infused over 30 rain after induction of anesthesia and before skin incision. Fluid was replaced during operation according to AHH routine fluid replacement. In group C fluid was replaced according to Gan. CVE was replaced as in group A. LR solution was infused during operation at 5 ml·kg-1·h-1. 6% HES was infused to maintain LVETc between 350-400 ms. The duration of low blood volume (LVETc < 350 ms) and high blood volume (LVETc400 ms) were calculated as percentage of operation time. Blood samples were taken before and after induction of anesthesia, and at the end of operation for measurement of plasma concentrations of lactate and β2-MG and blood gases. O2 delivery index (DO2 I) and consumption index(VO,2 I) and O2 extraction rate (ERO2) were calculated. Results The LVETs was less than 350 ms after induction of anesthesia in all patients in the 3 groups. The time required for LVETc to exceed 350 ms was longer in group A than in group B and C. The duration of hypervolemia (LVETc 400 ms) as percentage of operation time was longer in group B than in group A and C while the duration of hypovolemia (LVETc<350 ms) as percentage of operation time was longer in group A than in group B and C. The incidence of adverse hemodynamic events were higher in group A than in group B and C at the end of operation. The plasma concentrations of lactate and β2-MG were increased but VO2I and ERO2 were decreased at the end of operation in group A while DO2I and VO2 I were increased in group B and C. Conclusion The goal-directed intraoperative fluid replacement is better than AHH and RFR alone during radical operation for gastrointestinal cancer.

Key words:
Fluid therapy; Hemodilution; Gastrointestinal neoplasms


In this thesis, I present results that span a number of largely independent topics
within the broader disciplines of seismology and glaciology. The problems addressed in
each section are quite different, but the approach taken throughout is to use simplified
models to attempt to understand more complex physical systems. In these models,
use of solid and fluid mechanics are important elements, though in some cases the
mechanics are greatly simplified so that progress can be more easily made. The five
primary results of this thesis can be summarized as follows: (1) Glacial earthquakes,
which were known as enigmatic M_S ~ 5 seismic sources prior to the work presented
here, are now characterized and understood as being due to coupling of gravitational
energy from large calving icebergs into the solid Earth. (2) Rapid drainage events
from meltwater lakes on Greenland can be understood in terms of models of turbulent
hydraulic fracture at the base of the Greenland Ice Sheet. (3) The form of 'lake star'
melt patterns on lake ice can be quantitatively modeled as arising from flow of warm
water through slushy ice. (4) The 2004 Sumatra earthquake can be approximated
using a 5-point rupture model, and this model helps resolve some uncertainties of
previous models. (5) The accuracy of seismic noise tomography results can be better understood and calculated through use of a new theoretical approach. While there
is no overarching theme to the results obtained in this thesis, all results represent an
increase in our understanding of some area of geophysics.


The topic includes five contents,1."The second generation of ethnic policy" is not original;2.There are many fabrications in the point of view of "the second generation of ethnic policy";3.The logical relationship is disordered;4."The second generation of ethnic policy" will aggravate the event of separation of nationalities;5.China should gather the common characters of all nationalities in the process of achieving real equality of nationalities.This paper focuses on Part 1,involving former two contents."The second generation of ethnic policy" is doubted by demonstrating from theoretical to practical aspects.


The study determined the Heavy Metal content of asparagus and the planting soil around Gejiu area.It mainly determined 4 Soil Heavy Metal indices such as Pb、Zn、Cr、Cu.It analysised the pollution of Soil Heavy Metal in Single factor and nemerow index synthetic pollution index method.The result indicated that in terms of the asparagus samples heavy metal pollution,in addition to all the asparagus samples in Pb content and the A5 and A6 No.Zn content of the asparagus samples exceeded the national limit standard of vegetables,the rest were within the national limit standard.To Soil Heavy Metal,except the Cu content of sample A3 were above others and belong to light pollution,the pollution index of other samples just were between the soil background value range of our country.


Drug absorption from oily solutions was investigated by the rat large intestine using in situ re circulation technique. Three model drugs (acetanilide, sulfapyridine, and salicylamide) and three different kinds of oil (isopropyl palmitate, ethyl laurate, and diethyl phthalate) were chosen for absorption studies.It was found that in oily solution, drug absorption through the large intestinal membrane usually took place after being liberated from oil into the secreting fluid.In the absorption of a drug having oil/water partition coefficient of less than one, apparent enhancement in the absorption was observed. This was attributed to the small volume of secreting fluid (aqueous phase) and the local concentration build-up of a drug at the absorptive surface.Some comparisons have been made with the absorptive behavior of drugs from oil in water emulsions.


The stability limit between the layered-perovskite and pyrochlore structures was investigated for Ln2Ti2O7 (Ln = lanthanide) thin films grown on (110)-oriented SrTiO3 substrate by the sol–gel route. In bulk, for standard conditions of pressure and temperature, these oxides adopt the layered-perovskite structure for Ln = La to Nd while they crystallize in the pyrochlore one for Sm to Lu. When grown in thin films on (110)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates, the frontier separating these two structures is shifted. High-resolution X-ray diffraction measurements evidence the stabilization of a metastable (00l) oriented layered-perovskite structure for Sm2Ti2O7, Eu2Ti2O7 and Gd2Ti2O7. Such stabilization is explained by a combination of both the strains induced by the substrate in the film and the good lattice match between the substrate and the metastable layered-perovskite oxide. The stabilization of layered-perovskite structures in thin films opens interesting perspectives in terms of development of new ferroelectric/piezoelectric devices, keeping in mind that the isostructural La2Ti2O7 and Nd2Ti2O7 possess a very high Curie temperature (Tc ≈ 1500 °C). Finally, the role played by the lanthanide precursor (nitrate or chloride) in the stabilization of the layered-perovskite structure is highlighted and prediction for stabilization of other new layered-perovskite compounds in the Ln2B2O7 (B = Zr, Mn) system for thin films deposited on the (110)-oriented SrTiO3 substrate is reported.


To design a suitable marketing strategy to keep existing customers and for attracting new ones, commercial banks need to identify the criteria on which customers determine their bank choice decision. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the significance of bank selection criteria and how customers rank the factors based on their importance level to prioritize banks and banking services. It also intends to present an analysis of gender differences on the relative importance of choice criteria in respect of selecting a bank and to bring about the opinion of customers on any extra services needed to be offered by banks. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies are used, Based on responses given by 201 customers in Addis Ababa city from different occupations (students, employees, and businessmen), is employed in the analysis. A non-probability convenience sampling was also used. The finding from this study reveals that there are two most important bank selection criteria for customers are "convenience" and "service provision" for the entire customers while it is "bank's image" is the second most important factor for male customers. On the other hand, the least two important factors of bank selection for customers are "financial benefits/ technology", "reputation" and "promotion strategy" and "attractiveness" for female customers. Finally, it is recommended that hierarchical information integration is a potentially useful method for bank managers to study complex decision-making problems such as bank choice.


The initial susceptibility of Si‐doped YIG is reduced by irradiation with light. This effect is explained by a simple two‐center model, a strongly anisotropic center being formed from a less anisotropic one by light‐induced electron transfer. Domain walls are pinned by these strongly anisotropic centers, of density n. If n is small enough, the stiffness will be proportional to n, since by local wall deformations each center within the wall can be made to occupy a site of lowest energy. For larger n this is no longer possible: instead, the optimum wall position will be determined by the statistical fluctuations of the center distribution, and the stiffness will be proportional to n1/2.


Natural waters are the main transport medium for radionuclides in the geosphere in case of an accidental release of radioactivity from a nuclear waste disposal. Complexation studies of radio- nuclides with natural organic substances present in aquifers are important to perform in order to predict their behaviour in natural systems. Interactions of trivalent elements such as curium for actinides and dysprosium for lanthanides with humic acids have been investigated by Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Spectrofluorometry (TRLIS) allowing to work at low concen- trations of cations (IO -6 —IO -8 M). By using a "fluorescence titration" method, complexing capacities and interaction con- stants are obtained over a broad pH range (4 to 7) at a constant ionic strength (0.1 M). The influence of a competing cation such as calcium in the system in also studied. The complexing behaviour of Cm and Dy is analysed. Data are discussed and compared with existing literature data. size-exclusion chromatography, UF ultrafiltration, IE ion-exchange, SP spectrophotometry, photoacoustic spectroscopy, TRLIS time-resolved laser-induced spectrofluorometry.


Long period ship movements can be a problem to port operators. Due to resonance and small hydrodynamic damping, horizontal excursions can be large with a consequent risk of mooring lines breaking, or of cargo handling being hindered. This report describes a mathematical model of long period and steady drift forces on ships in shallow water developed by Hydraulics Research and called DRIFTKEEL.


Many existing mobile service robots, including the robots in Robocup@Home, perform their designated tasks only when the robots are stationary. The efficiency of these robots can be improved if they can perform some tasks while moving. In this paper, we propose the concept of mobile workstations, which combine mobile platforms with production machinery to increase efficiency by overlapping production time and delivery time. We present a model of mobile workstations and their jobs and describe the task planning algorithm for a team of mobile workstations. The temporal planning problem for mobile workstations combines both features of job shop scheduling problems (JSP) and traveling salesman problem (TSP), but there is little work in the literature that tackles both JSP and TSP simultaneously. Our first algorithm is a complete search algorithm which returns an optimal temporal plan with minimum makespan, and our second algorithm conducts a local search in the space of task graphs so as to quickly return suboptimal temporal plans. According to our experiments, when the number of jobs is small, our second algorithm can generate near-optimal temporal plans, and when the number of jobs is large, our algorithm can generate much shorter plans than SGPlan 5 and a version of job shop scheduling algorithms.


The invention relates to an herbicide, in particular to an herbicide composition containing pyriminobac methyl, pyribenzoxim and cyhalofop-butyl, a preparation and an appliance thereof. The herbicide composition containing the pyriminobac methyl, the pyribenzoxim and the cyhalofop-butyl comprises three effective components which are the pyriminobac methyl, the pyribenzoxim and the cyhalofop-butyl, wherein the quality radio of the pyriminobac methyl, the pyribenzoxim and the cyhalofop-butyl is 0.1-60:0.1-60:0.1-70. The pyriminobac methyl, the pyribenzoxim and the cyhalofop-butyl do not have cross resistance, can effectively enhance weeding effect of the herbicide by being mixed and matched, enlarge control spectrums of the herbicide, widely kill various weeds containing graminaceous, cyperaceae and broad leaves, improve fast-acting property and durable effect, reduce times for spraying in a growth period, and have greatly important significance for delaying drug resistance. Simultaneously, because the working concentration of single insecticide reduces, the occurrence risk of pesticide hazard is greatly reduced. The herbicide composition containing pyriminobac methyl, pyribenzoxim and cyhalofop-butyl, the preparation and the appliance thereof meet the demands that a drug is used for many times in agricultural production, the use times of the drug are reduced and the risk of the pesticide hazard is reduced.


Anemari Neple: "The Art of Silence and the Silence of the Arts. Tor Ulven's Webern Variations" In 1987, the Norwegian poet Tor Ulven (1953-1995) published a cycle of poems entitled "The Music Can Wait. Nineteen Webern Variations", thus making a somewhat puzzling claim to the reader that the poems ought to be read as little pieces of instrumental music related to the Austrian composer Anton Webern (1883-1945). In this article, it is argued that this claim should be considered as something more than just a paradox. In combining characteristic features of Webern's music with equally characteristic features of his own poetry, Ulven does indeed fulfill his outspoken ambition of writing like Webern by creating a visual experience of silence with intermedial dimensions that challenges our understanding of the borders between music and poetry.


[Ba(5,5´-dcbipy)(μ-H2O)2(H2O)2]n (1) complex was obtained from the reaction of one equivalent of 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid (5,5´-dcbipy.H2) and one equivalent of ethylene diamine (en) with one equivalent of BaCl2.2H2O in water. This complex was characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis, and luminescence spectroscopy and its structure was studied by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The thermal stability of 1 was studied by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses.


Italy's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) performance is quite modest compared to that of other European Union (EU) countries, mainly due to structural characteristics like the low number of large firms, the specialization in " traditional " low-and medium-technology manufacturing industries and the almost negligible activity in advanced service industries. The global economic and financial crisis seriously affected the Italian economy and resulted in a decline in OFDI flows in 2009, owing to few large merger and acquisition (M&A) deals. However, due to the stagnation of the internal market, Italian firms continued to pursue growth opportunities abroad in 2010 and in 2011 through small-scale investments, in particular outside the EU. Trends and developments 1 Country-level developments Italy's outward FDI stock is low, in contrast with that of most other EU countries. In 2011, total Italian OFDI stock amounted to US$ 512 billion (annex table 1), up from US$ 488 billion in 2010. The ratio of its OFDI stock to gross domestic product (GDP) was 23%, which is much smaller than the corresponding ratio for the EU as a whole (56%) or comparable economies like France (49%), Germany (40%), Spain (43%), or the United Kingdom (73%). 2 Several structural characteristics of the Italian economy play a role in explaining these * Marco Mutinelli (firstname.lastname@example.com) is Professor of Strategy at the Università di Brescia, Italy; Lucia Piscitello (firstname.lastname@example.com) is Professor of International Business at the Politecnico di Milano, Italy. The authors wish to thank Sergio Mariotti and Fabrizio Onida for their helpful comments on this Profile. The views expressed by the authors of this Profile do not necessarily reflect those of Columbia University, its partners and supporters. Columbia FDI Profiles is a peer-reviewed series. 1 The historical background and the longer-term development of outward FDI development from Italy were analyzed in a previous Columbia FDI Profile (see Marco Mutinelli and Lucia Piscitello, " Outward FDI from Italy and its policy context, " The present profile is an update of that profile and extends the analysis of Italy's OFDI


Theoretically,this paper calculats that the rate of change which the average temperature of the heat medium in the heat exchanger coil by using low temperature floor radiant heating is constant relating to the outdoor temperature.The temperature of supplied water by llow temperature radiant floor heating is about 40 ℃,which can meet the requirements of indoor heating.The floor surface material should be used in a smaller thermal resistance material.Solar energy combined with low temperature radiant floor heating is a feasible method for indoor space heating.


Just days after the multiple terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, many within Florida's media circles began asking what would be the effect of the attacks upon Florida's tourist trade. Although on the surface these concerns may appear off-target, their worries had historical roots. Throughout the twentieth century, Florida's prime industry had been leisure and tourism. For most non-Floridians, Florida represents sandy beaches and exotic locales, Walt Disney World and Silver Springs, race tracks and alligator farms, and numerous other leisure outlets. The tourist industry has long exerted political, cultural, and economical influence over the state's affairs, affecting matters as diverse as the fishing industries, exotic species introduction, and race relations. And yet only a few scholars have investigated the leisure trades within the Sunshine State. Among the few works include studies of Florida's Seminole peoples and tourism, the environmental impacts of development and leisure, and a few histories of specific tourist attractions.[1] But to date, no one has investigated the physical, built landscape that fed that image and trade. With her bookArchitecture of Leisure, architectural historian Susan R. Braden has started the process with a study of Gilded Age resort hotels. Joining a distinguished line of Florida architectural historians, Braden has also expanded the focus of Florida architectural studies.


Abstract Rice husk is an agricultural waste that can be processed into biochar as the main ameliorant to improve soil quality and crop productivity. Biochar has the potential to be combined with biological fertilizers for intensive paddy farming. This study aimed at assessing the potential of biochar and biological fertilizers to improve soil quality and lowland paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.). This study used an experimental approach and the treatment of rice plants was carried out in a greenhouse. Rice plants were given biochar and biological fertilizer containing N-fixing and P-solvent microorganisms. The completely randomized experimental design involved four replications with six treatment combinations. The effect of this treatment was analyzed using analysis of variant (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) with a 95% confidence level (α 0.05). We found that the optimal combination is 10 grams of biochar with three times of fertilizer (10BC+BF) on all parts of the plant. This research showed that the combination of biochar with biological fertilizers was able to significantly affect N, P and K in the soil. Only N in rice plants was also significantly affected by the treatment. The combination capable to increase the rice productivity according to paddy clumps and yield.


The current study was carried out in the Animal Production Research Station, Sakha Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt belonging to Animal Production Research Institute (APRI Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), EGYPT. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary amino acid supplementation (Methionine or lysine) in the diet of local chicken breed AL-SALAM on the performance and serum chemistry. The control group contained 0.2 g lysine / kg diet and 0.2 g methionine / kg diet. Lysine levels were 1.12, 1.37 and 1.6 g lysine / kg diet. Methionine levels were 0.60, 0.64 and 0.68 g methionine / kg diet. We found that when adding access amino acid lysine to the diet at level (1.6%) or adding access methionine at levels (0.64 % and 0.68 %) increased daily body weight gain significantly, compared with the control group. Lysozyme's activity was increased when adding access amino acid methionine (0.64 and 0.68%M) then levels (.12%L, 1.37%L, 1.60%L, and 0.60%M, respectively) than the control group. Relative economic efficiency was better when adding access levels (1.60%L or 0.64 and 0.68%M), than other groups. Finally, we suggest adding access lysine with levels 1.60 (%) or access methionine with levels 0.64 and 0.68 % to rations of local poultry breeds from 14 days to reach market weight to reveal the best economic profit gain and to promote the economic efficiency, with reasonable cost.


Objective:To investigate the activity of Chinese sturgeon cartilage tissue against tumor cells.Methods:The inhibition effect of Chinese sturgeon cartilage tissue on the capillary formation that was investigated by chicken embryo chorion allantoises test in vitro.The effect of Chinese sturgeon cartilage tissue on the tumor growth of nude mouse with human lovo colon carcinoma that was observed in vivo.Results:The blood vessel numbers of Chinese sturgeon cartilage solution a(21.52±3.64) and c(7.16±1.31) were significant different than that of saline group(33.84 ± 3.14)(t=4.92 and 2.47,P all0.05);That of solution b(28.41±2.13) and saline group were the same(t=2.03,P0.05);The mean tumor weigh of abdominal cavity injection group and raise group by Chinese sturgeon cartilage solution a or c which were(0.41±0.06) or(0.31±0.09) and(0.53±0.03) or(0.53±0.05),the mean tumor weigh of abdominal cavity injection group and raise group by saline were(0.52±0.08) and(0.56±0.04).The mean tumor weigh of abdominal cavity injection group by Chinese sturgeon cartilage solution a and c were significant different than that by saline(t=2.61 and 3.55,P all0.05).That of abdominal cavity injection group(0.46±0.07) and raise group(0.59±0.06) by Chinese sturgeon cartilage solution b were the same than that by saline(P all0.05).Conclusion:Chinese sturgeon cartilage tissue can suppress tumor growth,the molecular weight of the active ingredient is between 5,000 and 100,000.


Neonatal contaminations are diseases of the neonate (infant) amid the neonatal period or initial four weeks after birth. Neonatal contaminations might be shrunk by transplacental move in utero, in the birth waterway amid conveyance (perinatal), or by different means after birth. Some neonatal contaminations are evident not long after conveyance, while others may create baby blues inside the principal week or month.


This study aims to obtain empirical evidence on the effect of changes in sales, asset intensity, profitability, firm size, and debt level to cost stickiness on all companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in period 2012-2016. The number of sample companies used in this study is 150 companies. The results of this study indicate that on the net sales condition increased, the increase of SGA cost is higher than the decrease of SGA cost at the time of net sales decrease, asset intensity have a significant positive effect to cost stickiness, profitability has no significant effect on cost stickiness, firm size has no effect significant to the cost stickiness, and the level of debt has a significant negative effect on the cost stickiness.  Keyword: Cost Stickiness, Asset Intensity, Profitability, Sales changes and Size


Jo Ann Cavallo's The World Beyond Europe in the Romance Epics of Boiardo and Ariosto is a stimulating work. The author not only conveys the sense of a long-nurtured familiarity with the Italian Renaissance and the crisis that peninsular societies underwent in the passage between the Fifteenth and the Sixteenth centuries, but delivers fresh readings of two masterpieces of the Italian chivalric literature that she considers: Matteo Maria Boiardo's Inamoramento de Orlando and Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso. The novelty of this book does not reside in its philological contributions or radical changes in interpretations but emerges from a variety of micro-relocations in the understanding of the two authors' cultural and political background. These moves are made possible by Cavallo's discussion of the geographies and characters of the so-called Italian materia cavalleresca, that is, the poetical organism of the epic. Cavallo's focus on the "living stuff" of the epic informs the organization of her argument. As she writes in her introduction, "[a]lthough individual chapters of my study follow the trajectory of events in the two poems, the overall structure is guided primarily by geography rather than narrative chronology" (160). Accordingly the book is divided in five sections devoted to different κλίματα, climes, or zones, following ancient and medieval European cartographies. Yet, as Cavallo repeatedly stresses, the age of Boiardo and Ariosto is precisely the age of Portuguese and Italian explorations of the "world beyond Europe," to reprise the book's title, and therefore a time of radical transformations in the way the Earth was represented and perceived. In short, this is the time when the modern European world was just emerging: an age of extroversion and appetite for the world beyond, exemplified by Italian aristocratic courts, chief among them the house of Este. At the same time, however, cultural openness was followed by traumatic setbacks and subsequently withdrawals, as Cavallo persuasively argues in the pages devoted to Ariosto. In this sense, the book questions a long-established portrayal of Ariosto as the poet of harmony and lightness, fostered in the last century by critics ranging from Benedetto Croce to Italo Calvino. These traumatic setbacks are especially evident in the contraction of the horizon in Ariosto's Orlando furioso, when compared with Boiardo's Inamoramento de Orlando. This contraction, which is well captured in the title of chapter five, "From Cosmopolitanism to Isolationism," will eventually usher in a provincialization of Italian principalities and courts and is reflected most closely in the logic of evolution of chivalric characters, to which Cavallo devotes the first four chapters of the book. In these chapters Cavallo discusses the characters that the two poems have in common: Angelica of Cathay, Gradasso of Sericana, Agricane of Tartary, Mandricardo (son of Agricane), Marphisa, Eastern Queen; Agramante of Biserta, Rugiero, from the Atlas Mountains, Rodamonte of Sarza, and Norandino. Of these non-European and non-Christian characters, Cavallo singles out not only their erratic and inexhaustible displacements from one region of the planet to the next but also their evolution from Boiardo to Ariosto, thus identifying patterns emerging in intertextual transmigrations. For example, when discussing Boiardo's Angelica, Cavallo observes that "she compels Charlemagne's paladins to break out of their parochial view of the world and [...] is responsible for the movement of the poem's principal Christian knights from Western Europe to Asia [...]" (28). Cavallo further adds that Angelica "can be calculating, deceptive, and pragmatic, yet she is also consistently bold and quick-witted, and capable of self-analysis, heartache, and


Glass which can impart desired reflected color tone change characteristics to a decorative item or an external member of an electronic device, and chemically strengthened glass with excellent mechanical strength are provided. This glass with a coating film comprises glass containing a coloring component and a colored coating film formed on one of the primary surfaces of said glass. Setting to (Δa*(D65-F2)) the difference shown in expression (1) between the chromaticity value a* of the reflected light from a D65 light source and the chromaticity value a* of the reflected light from an F2 light source in the L*a*b color system, and to (Δa*(A-F2)) the difference shown in expression (2) between the chromaticity value a* of the reflected light from an A light source and the chromaticity value a* of the reflected light from an F2 light source in the L*a*b color system, at least one of the absolute value of the difference between (Δa*(D65-F2)) of the glass and (Δa*(D65-F2)) of the coating film and the absolute value of the difference between (Δa*(A-F2)) of the glass and (Δa*(A-F2)) of the coating film is greater than or equal to 0.2.
Δa*(D65 - F2) = a* (D65 light source) - a* (F2 light source) ... (1)
Δa*(A - F2) = a* (A light source) - a* (F2 light source) ... (2)


Wear tests have been conducted on specimens of epoxy-bonded MoS2 and solid graphite lubricant coatings (0.5-2 mm thick) commonly used in machine-tool guideways and slide bearings in order to obtain an expression for calculating the wear volume. Test results have been processed by regressive analysis, and an empirical wear equation has been obtained suitable for applications where plane contact and specific pressure are less than 10 kgf/sq cm.


The history of herbal medicine in China goes back more than 1,000 years. Many kinds of mixtures of herbs that are effective to diseases or symptoms have been transmitted from the middle ages to today under names such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in China and Kampo in Japan. For the treatment of severe and intractable alopecia areata, such as alopecia universalis, totalis, diffusa etc., herb lotions are known to be effective in hair regrowth. Laiso®, Fukisin® in Japan and 101® in China are such effective examples. As to treat such cases, systemic usage of corticosteroid hormones are surely effective, however, considering their side effects, long term usage should be refrained. There are also these who should refrain such as small children, and patients with peptic ulcers, chronic infections and osteoporosis. AL-8 and AL-4 were the prescriptions removing herbs which are not allowed in Japanese Pharmacological regulations from 101, and salvia miltiorrhiza radix (SMR) is the most effective herb for hair growth, also the causation to produce contact sensitization. Therefore, the mechanism of hair growth of these herb lotions in which the rate of effectiveness was in average 64.8% on 54 severe intractable cases of alopecia areata, was very similar to DNCB and SADBE. The most recommended way of developing herb lotion with high ability of hairgrowth is to use SMR but its concentration should not exceed 2%, and when sensitization occurs, the lotion should be changed to Laiso® or Fukisin®, which do not contain SMR. Relapse of severe alopecia areata after or during hairgrowth is quite common, therefore, to maintain the cured conditions, the allergens to break immune priviledge (IP), such as metal allergy and / or atopic mite allergy should be investigated. When these allergens were removed, the cured conditions were maintained on an average of 4 years. It should also be noted that such allergen control (in other terms allergen avoidance or allergen elimination) should be performed, along with antisymptomatic treatments consisted of herb lotion application and temporary systemic usage of corticosteroid hormones. Correspondence to: Hideo Nakayama, Meguro Chen Dermatology Clinic Shinyo-CK Building 6F 3-3-5, Kami-Ohsaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan, Tel: +81-3-3786-1678; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


This paper develops the genuinely multidimensional HLL Riemann solver for the two-dimensional special relativistic hydrodynamic equations on Cartesian meshes and studies its physical-constraint preserving (PCP) property. Based on the resulting HLL solver, the first- and high-order accurate PCP finite volume schemes are proposed. In the high-order scheme, the WENO reconstruction, the third-order accurate strong-stability-preserving time discretizations and the PCP flux limiter are used. Several numerical results are given to demonstrate the accuracy, performance and resolution of the shock waves etc. as well as the genuinely multi-dimensional wave structures of our PCP finite volume schemes.


In the tunnel construction phase, the construction lot "Koralm Tunnel 2" represents the longest of the three main construction lots. Apart from excavator driving and drill-and-blast driving, two tunnel boring machines are also being used on this 20 kilometre length. The length as well as the complexity already pose specific challenges for the construction phase in terms of safety, rescue and evacuation, and fire prevention.


The invention discloses a rapid satellite locking system of a portable satellite receiver. A coarse tuning module contains an input module, a positioning module, an angle calculation module for calculating angles required by coarse tuning according to geographic position of the receiver and position of a satellite and an angle display module for displaying an angle calculation result. A fine tuning module contains a signal receiving module for receiving a downlink beacon signal of the satellite, a satellite signal power calculation module for calculating signal power according to the downlink beacon signal, and a power display module for displaying the signal power at real time according to manual fine-tuning of a user. The power display module displays signal intensity within bandwidth during the fine-tuning process at real time, and whether the result of the fine-tuning operation is accurate is visually shown. The fine-tuning operation is convenient and fast. The signal receiving module receives the downlink beacon signal of the satellite and measurement of the signal intensity is realized through the satellite signal power calculation module. It is not necessary to transmit a signal by an antenna. Adjacent satellite interference can be avoided effectively. Accuracy of signal intensity measurement is higher.


Due to the long distance and wide ground clearance, high-voltage transmission lines are easily struck by lightning, which severely affects the security and reliability of the transmission line operation. Accurately locating the lightning position and overhauling it rapidly can effectively improve the reliability of the transmission lines.Considering the fact that existing lightning indication device cannot locate the lightening point accurately, this paper puts forward a method to simulate shielding strikes and counter strikes of the lightning on 500kV power grid transmission lines based on ATP-EMTP simulation software, and then carries out precise analysis on obtained simulation results with MATLAB. A large number of simulation waveforms and analysis results show that this method can locate the lightning point quickly and accurately. Compared with traditional methods, the model in this paper is more efficient and accurate.


A prominent growth in a
wireless communication system provides a wide range of services for a
heterogeneous wireless network thus accomplishing user's needs. These real time
services are delay sensitive which requires a continuous internet connection.
Assuring a seamless end-end connectivity without link outages at the mid of an
action is a crucial ongoing problem. Thus the main objective relies on
designing a cognitive algorithm to achieve the practical impossibility of
having a sustainable net connection while roaming across various technologies.
Hence, to fulfill this and degrade vertical handover (VHO) issues an enhanced
fuzzy logic based algorithm is proposed. Further, it focuses on improving the
transmission quality with low handover latency, less packet loss and reduced
false handover. Along with this the algorithm achieves an accurate prediction
in the decision making of an optimal network to which the idle node gets connected.
The networking environment also has an efficient mobility management, where the
functioning network controls the mobility of concerned mobile nodes. Finally
the simulation process of this proposal on a comprehensive test-bed infers the
fuzzy logic based algorithm, guaranteed seamless connection. Further, the
system has a 1.6% improvement in reducing the handover delay and 1.3% in packet
loss reduction than the existing approaches, which in turn improves the
transmission quality.


During anthropological fieldwork in 1963-65 in the Western district of what was called at that time the Australian territory of Papua and New Guinea, several awkward situations had to be coped with resulting from a 3-way relationship between anthropologists, missionaries, and the people studied. Research strategy was guided by the wish to disturb the cultural and social system as little as possible and by the necessity of keeping on good terms with the parties concerned. Although some tensions did exist, they did not grow into open conflicts because of mutual feelings of sympathy, interdependence, and great restraint on all sides. It was of vital importance, however, that the ultimate values of the researchers were never at stake. Modified AA.


In Present work, the properties of Al2O3 powder was studied through incorporation of MgO Nano powder along with ZnO Nano powder and followed by sintering at various temperatures. Previously ZnO and MgO were introduced with Al2O3 separately to improve physical and mechanical properties like densification, micro hardness, fracture toughness etc. In current project, 0.25wt% and 0.50wt% MgO was added with Al2O3 matrix along with constant 0.1wt% ZnO and sintered those samples at 14500 C, 15000 C, 15500 C respectively. Properties like densification, micro hardness, and wear rate of all these sintered products were measured and discussed where the best composition found was 0.1% ZnO-0.25%MgO-99.65% Al2O3 sintered at 15000C. Change in properties was observed due to faster densification rate and pinning effect provided by the doping particles. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of The Malaysian Tribology Society (MYTRIBOS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.


The building envelope has a direct impact on the overall energy consumption of a building. Thus, an improvement in the building envelope using energy-efficient material can yield the desired energy performance. This study is based on the materials and compositions used in building envelopes in compliance with the building energy code of Thailand. The building under study is an educational building located in Bangkok, Thailand. Both the energy and the economic aspects of retrofitted building envelopes are discussed in this study. The energy performance was evaluated by calculating the thermal transfer value and whole building energy consumption using the building energy code (BEC) software. The simulation was done under the assumption that the building envelope in the case study building was retrofitted with different materials and compositions. The study determines the feasibility of retrofitting buildings using energy-efficient material by utilizing the discounted payback period and internal rate of return ( IRR ) as indicators. The results show that retrofitted building envelopes in every case can reduce the whole building energy consumption. In the best envelope configuration, energy consumption can decrease by 65%. In addition, the economic potential is also high, with an IRR value of approximately 15% and a payback period of 23 less than nine years. These finding indicate that a building envelope made with energy-efficient material can achieve good results for both energy performance and economic feasibility.


Does congressional opposition constrain the president's conflict behavior in response to poor economic performance? Other research has shown that legislative constraints such as divided government reduce the executive's propensity to initiate conflict. But institutional constraints on democratic leaders may also make them likely to use force abroad when faced with deteriorating domestic conditions. The author argues that legislative constraints on presidential action during periods of economic decline compel the president to pursue alternatives that he can implement without congressional approval to display his leadership skills—including the use of military force abroad. The author examines the interactive effects of congressional opposition and economic performance on the propensity to initiate militarized interstate disputes from 1946 to 2000. The president is more likely to use force in response to economic decline when facing an opposition Congress than during years in which he enjoys partisan support in the legislature.


In this work, the action of the relativistic electron is derived from the hydrodynamic formulation of the Dirac equation. In particular, in the hydrodynamic scenario, the four-velocity of the electron is regarded as an Eulerian field and the electron spin interacts with the corresponding vorticity field. In the second part of the work, it is shown how the second order Dirac equation can be derived from a principle of Minimum Fisher Information.


Telemedicine implementation in Health and Wellness Centers facilitates consultation, screening and remote
monitoring, allowing individuals to connect with health care providers, receive medical advice and promote wellness.
This will improve access to specialists, support follow-up care, especially for patients with chronic diseases, and
ultimately improve access to healthcare and better outcomes. Methods: Twenty-two semi-structured interviews with
Community Health Officers working in a rural block of Madhya Pradesh were conducted and analyzed using thematic
analysis to assess their perspectives regarding the benefits and challenges of telemedicine. Results: Community
Health Officers identified several advantages and challenges related to Telemedicine.Telemedicine offers promising
opportunities to transform rural healthcare, enhancing accessibility, convenience, and patient-centred care. However,
challenges in technical aspects,patient assessment,and data privacy must be addressed through appropriate training,
policy frameworks, and patient education. Conclusions: Telemedicine ensures that patients in remote areas receive
necessary and desired care, offering convenience and timely medical advice without disrupting daily activities.
However, addressing technical challenges and privacy concerns while providing specialized training to healthcare
providers can maximize its effectiveness and bridge the healthcare access gap for underserved populations


With a view to assess the effectiveness of structures teaching programme on breast cancer and breast self-examination, a quasi-experimental with pre-test post-test without control group design and an evaluative research approach was undertaken on 100 female nursing degree students. Proportionate stratified sampling technique was used in selecting nursing students. Prior to implementing structured teaching programme the nursing students had moderate knowledge, attitude and practice, whereas after implementation of structured teaching programme nursing students' knowledge and ability to perform breast self-examination was significantly improved with difference of mean percentage revealing effectiveness of structured teaching programme. A positive correlation of knowledge and attitude of nursing students was also found before the study, and there was not much change in attitude level of nursing students as it was moderately favorable prior to the study.


Hierarchical MIPv6 (HMIPv6 adopts the Mobility Anchor Point (MAP) which acts as Mobile Node's Home Agent by intercepting the packets and tunneling them to the MN once it is under its domain. In the case of many MNs moving in adjacent domains such as a university and its campus; a lot of Location Update (LU) signals will occur due to normal frequent movement for MN's users. In this paper an incorporated domains is introduced that allows adjacent domains to be incorporated together while keeping their MAPs sharing the same RCoA, the objective of incorporated domains is to reduce the LU signals if the MN moves through adjacent domains. Moreover, in the incorporated domains the cost reductions were measured by the development of new simulation software code which showed 30% - 60% reduction in the cost of LU.


e15510Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(nCRT) followed by surgery has became the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. However, cumulating data showed that only patients who had a pathologic response to neoadjuvant treatment could benefit from the nCRT and surgery. Moreover, for patients with no pathologic response, nCRT even worsen the survival compared with surgery alone. Therefore, accurately differentiating the two groups was contributed to personalize treatment for esophageal cancer. Our study aimed to explore the potential value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI-MRI) for the prediction of pathologic response to nCRT in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Nineteen patients underwent DWI-MRI within one week before and after nCRT. Tumor regression score (TRG) was assessed by two experienced pathologists after esophagetcomy. The average tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of tumor was calculated before and after neoadjuvant t...


In the paper, we give analysis and comparison for type-2 and type-3 PLLs to develop the clock and data recovery (CDR) for spread-spectrum clocking (SSC) interfaces, respectively. Through theoretical analysis, we observe that the steady-state phase error of type-2 PLL approaches to a constant while the steady-state phase error approaches zero in type-3 PLL. Since the steady-state phase error results in phase offset for CDR to sample data, type-3 PLL can provide an incentive design for SSC applications. In this work, we apply SSC input of 200-kHz modulation frequency and ±10% modulation rate with a triangular-shape frequency modulation for 3 Gb/s data transmission, and the PLL has bandwidth of 4 MHz and phase margin of 60° for simulation. The simulated steady-state phase offsets for type-2 and type-3 PLL CDRs are 1.28UI and 0.004UI, respectively.


This paper proposes the use of phase shift migration for imaging layered structures and objects immersed in water. The method that was developed in reflection seismology is a frequency domain technique that in a computationally efficient way restores images of objects that are homogeneous in the lateral direction but inhomogeneous in depth. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated using immersion test data from a block with side drilled holes with an additional scatterer residing in water, in this way investigating the method's capability of simultaneously imaging scatterers in different media and at different depths. The method was also applied to a copper block with flat bottom holes. The results altogether verify that the proposed method is capable of producing high resolution and low noise images for layered or immersed objects.


Organic farming is gaining global recognition in terms of the role it plays in providing safe and healthy food, income, and maintaining a sustainable environment. Despite these aspects , it faces constraints that, if identified, will play a vital role in its development and formulating policy for its sustainability. Creating an effective policy to improve organic farming necessitates identifying the influencing factors in organic farming method selection as well as barriers encountered. This study, therefore, examined the common types of organic maize farming, their determinants, and their challenges in Nigeria. Primary data collected from 480 respondents were analysed with descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. The result revealed that organic manure, compost manure, biocontrol, and cover cropping were used by the farmers to enrich the soil. Farming experience, membership in a farm-based organization, farm distance, education, income, extension contacts, farm size, and cultural compatibility were the influencing factors of different organic farming systems used in maize production. Inadequate organic food accrediting agencies, inability to meet export demand, high cost and scarcity of organic seeds, lack of financial support, poor marketing system, inadequate supporting infrastructure, poor technical know-how, and pest infestation were the most common problems encountered in organic farming. To enhance participation in organic maize farming practices, there is a need to support organic farmers with financial support, accessible organic accreditation centres, training, educational support, and inputs.


Lip is claimed to be a unique organ in human body and hence a candidate for being a biometric. The uniqueness of lip has been proven by the researchers by using color information and shape analysis. These measures of lip are unique for every person. This paper proposes that grayscale lip images constitute local features. The claim has been experimentally established by extracting local features from 23 grayscale lip images from 10 different subjects and measuring the accuracy of match. There are two techniques applied for extraction and matching of local features from lip, viz. SIFT and SURF. The accuracy turns out to be very high (>90%) in both the experiments conducted.


Tables that have been used as a reference for nearly 50 years for the intensity and polarization of reflected and transmitted light in Rayleigh scattering atmospheres have been found to be inaccurate, even to four decimal places. We convert the integral equations describing the X and Y functions into a pair of coupled integro-differential equations that can be efficiently solved numerically. Special care has been taken in evaluating Cauchy principal value integrals and their derivatives that appear in the solution of the Rayleigh scattering problem. The new approach gives results accurate to eight decimal places for the entire range of tabulation (optical thicknesses 0.02–1.0, surface reflectances 0–0.8, solar and viewing zenith angles 0°–88.85°, and relative azimuth angles 0°–180°), including the most difficult case of direct transmission in the direction of the sun. Revised tables have been created and stored electronically for easy reference by the planetary science and astrophysics community.


While references to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be found back as far as biblical times, women have traditionally taken most of the blame for the spread of such diseases. There is no evidence to suggest that men were blamed or stigmatized in the same way as women until the panic over AIDS in the 1980s shifted some of the blame to groups such as gay and bisexual men, IV drug users, and Africans. Throughout history, heterosexual men have escaped blame for STIs. Maybe it is this latter population subgroup which should be targeted in future sexual health promotion programs. This paper reviews the history of blame for STIs dating from the book of Leviticus, in which men with urethral discharge are urged to wash after copulation, to female prostitutes during the past 400 years, and recent groups with the advent of HIV/AIDS.