Coexistence of software components and functions of different criticality in a single computing platform has challenged the safety community for the past two decades. Despite efforts that have been made so far, dealing with mixed-criticality has still left some room for improvements. One particular concern here is that partitioning of hardware and software resources with regard to criticality (safety related, non-safety related) has direct implications on how safety measures need to be realised. For example, a self-test that must meet certain diagnostic coverage for the microcontroller core by inspecting its instructions, needs to cover only those instructions which are able to affect a safety function. Available software mechanisms and tools are to a certain extent still unable to deal with such a fine-grained selection of resources. In this work, we introduce a compiler extension and language support which enable accurate selection of data based on their criticality. The compiler extension serves to establish detailed traceability between the software code and its representation in runtime memory. With the language support, the individual data elements can be classified based on the desired safety integrity level. As a result, safety measures that operate on data (e.g. Abraham test for SRAM can achieve better coverage. The method has been evaluated and applied to industrial safety controllers. We provide here relevant performance figures and discuss possible applications of the method in other fields.


When the hermit Athanasios from Adrianople was elected patriarch of Constantinople in 1289 (he served 1289-1293 and 1303-1309), the church was badly divided and the empire deeply troubled by internal problems and external pressures. Athanasios's aspiration as patriarch was to unite the church and through a reformed church to save the empire from decay. In a poignant letter to Emperor Andronikos II, Athanasios emphasized that the Christian commonwealth, church and state, "is being destroyed . . . from without by enemies and from within by excessive injustice and depravity." In this excellently researched and exceedingly readable book, Professor Boojamra examines every aspect of Athanasios's measures to achieve his goals—which he introduced under odd circumstances and much opposition from people with special interests. For Athanasios, the church was the most important and central institution in Byzantine life. He endeavored to maintain a strong ecclesiastical structure and to extend the church's influence over every domain of society's interests. His enemies accused him of trying to make the empire a large monastery; they said that in his practices he was uncompromising and tougher than "beans which do not soften even in boiling water." In this sympathetic but not uncritical study of Athanasios, Boojamra analyzes his subject in seven interrelated chapters, each devoted to specific topics such as the political and ecclesiastical affairs before and after Athanasios's ordination, the nature of the sources available, and the reforms affecting bishops, priests, monasteries, and society in general. He demonstrates that Athanasios's reforms affected both the ecclesiastical and the political life of Byzantine society. The authority and influence of the church increased and Christian life was enlivened and revitalized. In agreement with several other modern scholars who have dealt with the period under discussion, Boojamra sees Athanasios "as one of the outstanding patriarchs of the Constantinopolitan Church" (p. 216). Furthermore, he presents abundant evidence which refutes views of certain scholars who saw no ethical consciousness in the Byzantine church. This book should be of interest to all church historians, Byzantinists, and Western European medievalists. It is carefully researched, objectively written, and convincing.


A complete radar transceiver for 77 GHz with two integrated antenna elements is presented. Based on a previously published design [1], two of the transmit and receive channels of the transceiver are supplemented with integrated antenna elements. The antennas exhibit a well defined antenna pattern with an efficiency of better than 50%.


In this study, to investigate the effects of omitting low-amplitude cycles from a flight-simulation loading, crack growth tests are conducted on 2124-T851 aluminwn alloy specimens. Three test spectra are generated by omitting small load ranges as counted by the rain-flow count method. The crack growth test results are compared with the data obtained from the flight-simulation loading. The experimental results show that omission of the load ranges below 5% of the maximum load does not significantly affect crack growth behavior, because these are below the initial stress intensity factor range. However, in the case of omitting the load ranges below 15% of the maxirnum load, crack growth rates decrease, and therefore crack growth cuive deviates from the crack growth data under the flight-simulation loading. To optimize the load mnge that can be omitted, crack growth curves are simulated by the stochastic crack growth model. The prediction shows that the omission level can be extended to 8% of the maximum load and test time can be reduced by 59%.


Currently, there is a stern necessity to predict the future of petroleum and develop some policies to solve the problems it brings this paper, we discuss the harvesting and management of petroleum. Firstly we employ the empirical formula P(t)=etaxRalpha(t) to describe the relationship between production and reserves. In order to estimate the endowment, we develop the differential equation to research the trend of production and endowment. Utilizing the statistical data, we predict that petroleum will be used up in about 50 years. Moreover, we use the significant test method to validate the rationality of the model, and obtain some satisfactory results. In view of the multiple factors that affect production, we introduce a perturbation factor xi(t). Taking war for example, we make computer simulation to illustrate the effect of perturbation.


OBJECTIVE
To clarify growth inhibition in pancreatic cancer cells by interference with the hTR component of the telomerase reverse transcriptase enzymatic complex.

METHODS
A 593 bp full length hTR cDNA was subcloned into a mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1(-) in the antisense orientation to construct an antisense hTR expression plasmid. These were introduced into panc1 cells, a human pancreatic carcinoma cell line, by lipofectin and G418-resistant stable transformants were expanded. Resulting stable clones were screened for the presence of the hTR insert by PCR with T7 and BGH reverse primers located on the flanks of the multiclonal site of the pcDNA3.1 vector. Cell growth rate, hTR expression, telomerase activity and anchorage-independent growth properties were analyzed.

RESULTS
Significant downregulation of endogenous hTR was evident in the antisense-hTR transformed cells and telomerase activity was markedly decreased compared to control cells in standard TRAP assays. Furthermore, cell proliferation and the anchorage-independent growth ability in antisense-hTR expressing cells were significantly decreased compared with control parental cells. However, no crisis or senescence phenomena were observed.

CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate that hTR may be a critical component of human telomerase activity and suggest that downregulation of the RNA component of human telomerase is a possible target for anticancer strategies.


: The article is devoted to the issue of changes in standard of living, which were noted in the Member States that joined the EU structures after 2004. An attempt was made to capture the impact of EU policies on the level of living standards in the Member States. The time taken in the study covers the years 2004-2014. The year of the largest enlargement in EU history was adopted as the beginning of the period. The study used taxonomic methods, in particular the Hellwig development index


A spacecraft electrical system transient detector has been operating on the joint Canadian-American Communications Technology Satellite (CTS), now called Hermes, since January 31, 1976. This detector, called the transient event counter (TEC), senses and counts transients having a minimum amplitude of 5 volts and a rise time of less than 0.3 ¿sec. The transients in three separate wiring harnesses are counted: the attitude control harness, the solar array instrumentation harness and the solar array power harness. Recently, anomalous behavior of geosynchronous satellites has been attributed to the electrostatic charging of spacecraft surfaces by the environment during geomagnetic substorms. Insulating surface materials subjected to high electrical stress by such charging can discharge through electrical arcing. It is believed that the electromagnetic pulses from such discharges can couple into the spacecraft wiring harnesses and result in uncommanded switching of logic circuits, which in turn is responsible for the observed anomalies. The function of the TEC is to count such transients. This report describes the TEC and presents the flight data for a year of operation. A large number of transients have occurred but these have not caused any anomalous electronic switching events in the satellite systems. The character of the transients seems to imply that additional sensors are required to understand the discharge phenomenon on large satellites. The results of this experiment indicate that satellite system immunity to discharge-related electronic switching anomalies can be obtained by filtering out the harness transients.


This article introduced the importantance of the tree ring recognition in the forestry informatilization and the principle of throshhold method.Compared with other methods,there are many profits with the threshold method.


The diagnosis of non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD) in a diabetic patient has significant therapeutic and prognostic implications. There are certain proven clinical predictors of NDKD, which, when present in an appropriate clinical setting, would warrant a kidney biopsy. Herein, we describe four cases of NDKD diagnosed in rather unusual clinical settings, which add to the list of clinical predictors of NDKD. The first case was a "parainfectious glomerulonephritis" diagnosed in a 50-year-old diabetic woman who presented with persistent renal dysfunction despite successful treatment of urinary tract infection. The second case was "membranous nephropathy" diagnosed in a 43-year-old man with long-standing type 1 diabetes, which was associated with other microvascular complications. In this case, the only predictor was disproportionately low serum albumin. The third case was "amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis" diagnosed in an elderly diabetic who presented with progressive anasarca over six months. In this case, the only clinical predictor was a disassociation observed between urine dipstick and 24-hour protein estimation. In the fourth case, an elderly diabetic woman without underlying diabetic retinopathy presented with sudden onset nephrotic syndrome. A kidney biopsy was suggestive of diffuse nodular glomerulosclerosis. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopic evaluation were diagnostic of "gamma heavy chain deposition disease." In all four cases, diagnosis of NDKD led to major therapeutic changes and attainment of renal remission. We have extensively reviewed all major biopsy cohorts of NDKD and have formulated an approach to the diagnosis of NDKD.


Lifestyle or unhealthy lifestyles lead to unhealthy body conditions. This disturbs everyday human life. Unhealthy body conditions cause various diseases, one of which is  cardiovascular disease that attacks the heart organ. Coronary heart disease is a disease that attacks the coronary arteries, where the coronary arteries are narrowed due to an imbalance of oxygen and nutrients produced with the needs of the heart. This can have an unhealthy impact on the heart and can cause death. Yoga practice can be used as an effort to reduce coronary heart disease because yoga practice helps balance the oxygen demand and oxygen supply produced by the body, so that the imbalance can be overcome and the heart becomes healthier. The percentage of narrowing of the arteries will decrease as a result of chest pain or angina pectoris will not be felt and coronary heart disease can be overcome.


1) The rates of metabolism and body temperatures ofneotropical marsupials were measured and compared to those of Australian species. 2) Neotropical marsupials have somewhat higher basal rates of metabolism and higher thermal conductances than Australian species. The higher basal rates of neotropical species are correlated with food habits that exclude folivore specialists and to some extent with life in a mesic climate. The high conductances of neotropical marsupials relate to high, stable environmental temperatures. 3) Many small marsupials, even in a tropical rainforest, enter torpor, store fat in their tails, and maintain unusually small temperature differentials, all apparently in response to the high cost of thermoregulation at small masses. 4) Mammals with low basal rates can compensate for a small size by decreasing thermal conductance, thereby maintaining a larger temperature differential with the environment than would otherwise be expected. 5) An appreciable difference in basal rate of metabolism exists between marsupials and placentals in terrestrial carnivores and grazer-browsers, but no such difference is present in arboreal folivores, arboreal frugivore-omnivores, terrestrial omnivore-insectivores, and ant-and termite-eaters. 6) High basal rates of placentals may insure as short a gestation period as is compatible with extended intrauterine development. 7) It is suggested that marsupials have a form of reproduction that may be energetically more expensive than that found in placentals, which may require marsupials to maintain a low basal rate of metabolism.


In this paper a third degree price discrimination is analyzed in a differentiated product duopoly market. The main question is whether both firms should engage in price discrimination. An asymmetric equilibrium is derived in which one firm engages in price discrimination while the other firm sets a uniform price in both markets. This is done through the adoption of contemporaneous most favoured customer clause.


A plurality of release structure layer are deposited on a substrate. The inorganic layer is deposited on the substrate by the metal atoms adsorbed on the substrate. Inorganic layer on the substrate is a hydrocarbon on an inorganic layer-containing material is exposed to a precursor to deposit the hydrocarbon-containing layer-by adsorbing a first hydrocarbon-containing source precursor. First hydrocarbon on the substrate-containing layer is first hydrocarbon on the substrate - is exposed to the reactant precursors in order to increase the reactivity of the containing layer, a second hydrocarbon-containing layers on the substrate a first hydrocarbon-containing layer is deposited on. Process can be repeated to deposit a plurality of layers. The second hydrocarbon-containing layer further may have a high hydrocarbon content, the first hydrocarbon may be deposited at a higher deposition rate than the layers containing.


The conidia of Sphaerotheca macularis germinate best at a relative humidity (R.H.) of 99 and 100% on glass surfaces, and germination does not occur if the R.H. is below 93%. Conidia of Erysiphe polygoni DC. germinate at 3% R.H. The water content of conidia of S. macularis and E. polygoni is 53 and 69% respectively. The osmotic pressure of S. macularis conidia is about 18 atm and their density varies from 1.10 to 1.11 g/ml. There is no significant change in the diameter and length of the conidia during germination.


It is perhaps the most fundamental principle of Quantum Mechanics that the system of states forms a linear manifold, in which a unitary scalar product is defined. The states are grnerally represented by wave functions~ in such a way that "' and constant multiples of "' represent the same physical state. It is possible, therefore, to nonna1ize the wave function, i.e., to multiply it by a constant factor such that its scalar product with itself becomes i. Then, only a constant factor of modulus 1, the so-called pha..o;;e, will be left undetermined in the wave function. The linear character of the wave function is called the superposition principle. The square of the modulus of the unitary scalar product (1/t, tp) of two normalized wave functions 1/t and "'is called the transition probability from the state 1/t into tp, or conversely. This is supposed to give the probability that an experiment performed on a AystPm in the state "'' to see whether or not the state is 1/t, gives the result that it is Y,. If there are two or more different experiments to decide this (e.g., essentially the same experiment,


The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of fraud pentagon toward fraudulent financial reporting sympton using modified Jones model to the mining companies. The method of sampling used purposive sampling method. The sample consists of 30 companies was listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2016. The result of this research concluded that pressure which proxied by financial target and financial stability has a positive and significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting. Opportunity has a negative and significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting. Rationalization, capability, and arrogance has not significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting.


High-area photoanodes consisting of silica aerogels, overcoated by atomic-layer-deposited TiO2, were fabricated on transparent conducting oxide platforms for their use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) in a similar fashion as previously described. These films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, gas adsorption, and light and dark electrochemical impedance measurements. The use of aerogel-templated photoanodes in DSCs with a Ni(III/IV) bis(dicarbollide) redox shuttle results in a greater than 2-fold enhancement in photocurrent densities, in comparison to similar cells containing photoanodes constructed from TiO2 nanoparticles. This improvement in photocurrent is attributed to a combination of improved electron transport, increased recombination resistance across the TiO2/electrolyte interface, and increased light scattering within the aerogel films. As a result, DSC charge collection efficiencies with this comparatively fast exchanging ...


This paper presents an experimental discussion on the behaviour of temperature-velocity fluctuations and turbulent Prandtl number in the thermally developing turbulent boundary layer on a plate. The wall temperature was step-wise varied along the plate having an unheated starting section. The fluctuations were directly measured by a hot-wire anemometer in three different velocity fielos. The thermal-velocity fluctuation (v't')^^-a was plotted with the thermal gradient (∂Ta/∂y)y=L in the same field of the turbulence √(u^-')2, √(v^-')2, (u'v')^^-. It is shown that the thermal diffusivity ∈h and turbulent Prandtl number Prt at the equi-distant points from the wall are considered to be nearly constant.


To generalize partial Conway semirings and the Kleene theorem of them,partial inductive*-semirings and partial weak inductive*-semirings are defined.Some qualities of them are studied.It is proved that every partial inductive*-semiring and partial weak inductive*-semiring are partial Conway semiring.Moreover,the Kleene theorem of them are obtained.The results are the generalization of the Kleene theorem of inductive*-semirings and weak inductive*-semirings.


Background and Aim Our aim was to assess the prognostic value of a semiquantitative computed tomography angiography-based grading system, for the prediction of outcome in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion, based on the presence of potential collateral pathways on computed tomography angiography: the posterior circulation collateral score (PC-CS). Methods One hundred forty-nine patients with acute basilar artery occlusion from the Basilar Artery International Cooperation Study were included. We related poor outcome at one month, defined as a modified Rankin scale score of 4 or 5, or death to collateral flow with Poisson regression. We used a 10 points grading system to quantify the potential for collateral flow in the posterior communicating arteries and the cerebellar arteries. Additionally, the relation between the presence and size of posterior communicating arteries and outcome was analyzed. Results Thirty-six patients had poor (PC-CS: 0–3), 59 patients intermediate (PC-CS: 4–5), and 54 patients good (PC-CS: 6–10) collaterals. Multivariable analyses showed a statistically significant lower risk of poor outcome in patients with a good PC-CS than in patients with a poor PC-CS (risk ratio (RR): 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58–0.96), but not for patients with an intermediate PC-CS compared with patients with a poor PC-CS (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.78–1.15). Multivariable analyses showed a statistically significant lower risk of poor outcome for the presence of at least one posterior communicating artery and for larger caliber of posterior communicating arteries (RR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66–0.95 and 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61–0.96, respectively). Conclusions The PC-CS predicted poor outcome at one month. In a separate analysis, both the absence and smaller caliber of posterior communicating arteries predicted poor outcome.


Population health surveys are an important tool to effectively allocate limited resources in low resource communities. In such an environment, surveys are often done by local population with pen and paper. Data thus collected is difficult to tabulate and analyze. We conducted a series of interviews and experiments in the Philippines to assess if mobile forms can be a viable and more efficient survey method. We first conducted pilot interviews and found 60% of the local surveyors actually preferred mobile forms over paper. We then built a software that can generate mobile forms that are easy to use, capable of working offline, and able to track key metrics such as time to complete questions. Our mobile form was field tested in three locations in the Philippines with 33 surveyors collecting health survey responses from 266 subjects. The percentage of surveyors preferring mobile forms increased to 76% after just using the form a few times. The results demonstrate our mobile form is a viable method to conduct large scale population health surveys in a low resource environment.


Objective To discuss the comprehrehensive treatment efficacy of partial closure and purple trim plaster on stenosing tendovaginitis of radial styloid. Methods Radial styloid process of the 180 cases of stenosing tenosynovitis treated patients were divided into three groups. A group were given local myofascial injection of compound betamethasone injection (closed treatment); B group was on the basis of the group A treatment and use purpled ointment for external ; C group alone used purple ointment topical treatment; three groups were all treated with wrist brake. Results The integrated treatment of patients had achieved a satisfactory efficacy. Efficiency 100% ,the cure rate was 93. 3% ,the recurrence rate was 20% ; closure group was 90% ,the cure rate 75% ,the recurrence rate 38. 3% ,non-efficient 10% ; Purple ointment group was 93. 3% ,73. 3% cure rate,recurrence rate of 30% ,the inefficiency of 6. 7% ; difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P 0. 05). Conclusion Partial closure and violet creams topical treatment of stenosing tenosy-novitis of the radial styloid process can achieve better efficacy,more effective than single integrated therapy and partial closure of topical ointment therapy purple.


Urinary tract infections (UTIs) cause patient morbidity and have a substantial economic impact. Half of all women will suffer a UTI at least once, and 25% of these women will have recurrent infections. That 75% of previously infected women do not become reinfected strongly suggests a role for an adaptive immune response. The goal of this study was to characterize the adaptive immune responses to uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the predominant uropathogen. A novel murine model of UTI reinfection was developed using the prototypic cystitis UPEC isolate NU14 harboring a plasmid encoding OVA as a unique antigenic marker. Bacterial colonization of the bladder was quantified following one or more infections with NU14-OVA. Animals developed anti-OVA serum IgG and IgM titers after the initial infection and marked up-regulation of activation markers on splenic T cells. We observed a 95% reduction in bacterial colonization upon reinfection, and splenic leukocytes showed Ag-specific proliferation in vitro. Adoptive transfer of splenic T cells or passive transfer of serum from previously infected mice protected naive syngeneic mice from UPEC colonization. These findings support our hypothesis that adaptive immune responses to UPEC protect the bladder from reinfection and form the basis of understanding susceptibility to recurrent UTI in women. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 176: 3080–3086. C57BL/6-Tg(CAG- EGFP)C14-Y01-FM131Osb express GFP under the control of the actin promoter and have been described previously (22). After a 2-wk acclimatization period, 6- to 10-wk-old mice were anesthetized with isofluorane and inoculated transurethrally with 10 (cid:3) l of bacterial suspension containing 10 8 CFU in saline under conditions that minimize reflux to the kidneys (23). During the process of developing and characterizing the model, we have confirmed, under these inoculation conditions, the lack of kidney infection by plating of kidney homogenates onto nutrient agar. The results show that infection is localized to the urinary bladder and does not ascend to the kidneys. To insure that the inoculum was retained within the bladder, mice were de-prived of water for 30 min before anesthesia, the pelvic region was mas- saged before instillation to displace any urine previously collected in the bladder, and mice were maintained under anesthesia for 30 min following instillation to minimize voiding activity. At intervals after initial challenge, mice were rechallenged and euthanized the following day. At the time of sacrifice, blood was collected by cardiac puncture for serum separation. Urine was recovered by catheterization at the time of sacrifice and stored at (cid:2) 70°C for subsequent determination of anti-OVA Abs. Spleens and lymph nodes were harvested and processed for isolation of lymphocytes. Bladders were harvested for determination of colonization. Bladder homogenates were prepared in sterile saline, serial dilutions were plated onto eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar, and discrete colonies within the range of 20–200 were counted for calculation of CFU/bladder. EMB agar is selective for Gram-negative enteric rods, but Luria broth agar with ampicillin (L-amp) plates are selective for pnir15.OVA and were used routinely in duplicate plating to confirm that there is recruitment of B and T lymphocytes to the wall. both CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets appear to be recruited, which may have important impli-cations with regard to the ability to clear infection. UPEC that have been demonstrated to be capable of entry and persistence in urothelial cells (12) may serve as targets for CD8 T cells through their cytotoxic activity, while extracellular UPEC may be removed by CD4-dependent mechanisms. Our study shows activation of T cells beginning as early as 5 days after bladder infection that pro-liferate in response to specific antigenic challenge in vitro. in vitro cytokine assays an increase in IL-2 secretion from splenocytes stimulated with OVA that is consistent with the increased proliferation. secretion of cytokines that to a Th1/Th2 bias was not measurable within the limits of our study, conducted 7 days after an NU14-OVA infection. We speculate that there is a lack of Th1/Th2 skewing at this early time point after NU14-OVA infection. it is possible that T cells the site of infection, and are not in large numbers in the spleen. The in IL-2 secretion a T the the


Eutrophication is one of the most widespread problems of inland waters in the world. In many countries from North to South America, eutrophication is due to several impacts resulting from the inefficient or nonexistent wastewater treatment; the agricultural expansion with inadequate soil uses and application of chemical fertilizers; the urbanization of watersheds, the increase of intensive husbandry of cattle, pigs, and chicken; the increase of aquaculture; the construction of reservoirs; and the destruction of natural ecosystems. Basically, the increase in the internal load of nitrogen and phosphorus in lakes and reservoirs produces an increase in the biological productivity of the water bodies. As consequence, phytoplankton community in freshwater systems is mainly dominated by cyanobacteria. Despite differences in continental climate regimes, this seems to be a regular pattern along the Americas, where there are various practices related to the use of lower and upper taxonomic groups of phytoplankton for the indication of the trophic level and water quality status of freshwater systems. As was reported in numerous studies in the Americas, increase in nutrient concentrations mainly due to rich in phosphorus cause larger phytoplankton biomass and predominance of cyanobacteria such as genera Microcystis , Anabaena , Planktothrix , Oscillatoria , and Cylindrospermopsis than ever before.


A G Gaydon and H G Wolfhard London: Chapman and Hall 1970 pp + 365 price £6 With the rapid expansion of combustion science in and over so many fields in the last decade, it is a relief to learn of a new edition of this well known book. Although the framework of this volume will be reassuringly recognizable to first edition veterans, the contents, which include the extra chapter topics of the second edition, have been thoroughly sifted to bring the frontier information up to date.


Otitis externa is a condition commonly seen in primary care. Treatment options are many and varied; however, if otitis externa is not treated appropriately symptoms may persist and cause patients unnecessary discomfort and deafness. This article looks at the different types of otitis externa and the various treatment options available.


Purpose of reviewApart from regulating mineral metabolism, recent evidence suggests that both the 'active' 1,25(OH)2D and the 'storage' 25(OH)D forms of vitamin D have distinct and important actions on many organ systems, bringing to light the systemic importance of both forms of the vitamin. This review discusses the current evidence related to the etiology and consequences of reduced levels of both 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D in the chronic kidney disease population. Recent findingsBoth 25(OH)vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2vitamin D therapy have actions on parathyroid gland, cardiac, bone, and immune system function. In both the general and chronic kidney disease populations, vitamin D therapy decreases fracture rates, decreases cancer and infection rates, and improves cardiac function. SummaryTo improve quality of life and to decrease mortality, therapy with vitamin D – in both the 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D forms – should be considered throughout the course of chronic kidney disease.


Abstract Rufinamide is a triazole derivative used as an anticonvulsant was subjected to stress degradation under various stress conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and thermal stress as per ICH guideline Q1A (R2). The drug was highly susceptible to acidic and alkaline hydrolytic stress conditions while it remained stable under neutral hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal and photolytic stress conditions. Overall, two degradation products (DP1 and DP2) were formed. DPs were separated by using simple isocratic mode of water and acetonitrile (50: 50, %v/v) on Xbridge C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 μm) column. Characterization of DPs was done by using LC/MS/MS, NMR and FT-IR. Further, the mechanistic pathway for formation of two DPs and their fragmentation pathways were postulated. The developed HPLC isocratic method was validated as per ICH guidelines.


When polyelectrolytes (lignosulfonates) with a broad molecular weight distribution are eluted from Sephadex gels with water, the fractionation is affected by steric exclusion, polyelectrolyte expansion, ion exclusion, and ion inclusion effects. The ion inclusion effect is due to interaction of charged sites in the macro-ions which are more or less excluded from the gel with charged sites in more permeable macro-ions. The ion inclusion effect depends on the cation of the lignosulfonates in such a way that the elution of lignosulfonates with a univalent cation is affected to a greater extent than the elution of lignosulfonates with a divalent cation. This is due to the existence of a higher density of free charges in the lignosulfonates with a univalent cation owing to a lesser tendency to form ion pairs. By choosing suitable eluents, it is possible to alter the retention volumes of lignosulfonates of different sizes and thus optimize the resolution.


Full Bridge (FB) DC–DC converter is an attractive topology for high power level applications. A new Zero-Voltage and ZeroCurrent-Switching (ZVZCS) Full-Bridge (FB) Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) converter is proposed to improve the performance. In this converter, all switches must be ON or OFF only either voltage across switch or current through switch is zero. By adding a secondary active clamp and controlling the clamp switch moderately, ZVS (for leading-leg switches) and ZCS (for lagging-leg switches) are achieved without adding any lossy components or the saturable reactor. Many advantages including simple circuit topology, high efficiency, and low cost make the new converter attractive for high-voltage and high-power (>10 kW) applications. The principle of operation is explained and analyzed. The features and design considerations of the new converter are also illustrated. Finally the full bridge DC-DC step-down converter is simulated with the help of MATLAB simulink.


Retail and modern commerce have been one of the interesting themes that I have addressed in the last years, in various articles and studies. It is relevant to mention that in 2005, under the coordination and guidance of Professor Theodor Purcarea, I worked with my colleagues at the Romanian-American University in the research group TOEMM, whose purpose was studying the retail market in Romania, which was at the beginning of its development at that time. Research carried out and the satisfaction of the obtained results determined me to continue my scientific work, but not limited to this area. If in previous papers or studies, found in connection with the retail market, I mainly wrote about quantitative aspects, such as those related to geographical expansion and concentration of modern commerce in Romania, in this article I will address some theoretical aspects of the retailers' marketing strategy, opening the perspectives for what could be an interesting research, involving the analysis of some of the major supply chains on the Romanian market.


This paper explains the modeling and verification of the operational behavior of a virtual reality (VR) tourism system for the architectural design during the system requirement definition phase of the system development life cycle. Accurately modeled operational behavior can provide deep insights into the navigational transitions through events and activities and helps us identify and quantify the resources being used in the system. This research also aims to identify the most common and initial behavior of tourists, such as participation in events such as photography, paragliding, and hunting events. Also, we can evaluate the complex operational properties of the process of navigation, such as the possibility of accidents during participation in events. This will support the design and development of better and more realistic systems under actual operating conditions. By using the Petri net design tool Hierarchical Petri Net Simulator, we realized an accurate model and analyzed navigation behavior. Further, we generated an operational profile-based testing framework to improve the reliability of the VR application.


Abstract Walking is an activity that always unfolds within a certain landscape. Tim Ingold has used the notion of "taskscape" to denote pragmatic uses of terrain. Whilst walking, we come to intersect with a variety of taskscapes. As Julia Tanney has highlighted, formal language can only get us so far when thinking about spontaneous, non-theoretical and non-representational activities. Borrowing Gilbert Ryle's distinction between "knowing that" and knowing how", I argue for a concept of walking that does not privilege intentions. When somebody walks, they melt into a taskscape not entirely of their own design. Mind is inherently ecological. It is enacted within a certain ecology, and is actually inseparable from its environment. Mind is the sum of intelligent enactments. According to the position I seek to advance in this article, walking may be approached in an object-oriented manner. Each form of behavior composes an enactment that meshes with a certain ecology, what W. Teed Rockwell has called a "behavioral field." Mind is the inherently relational enactment of a set of behavioral dispositions which are always already enmeshed within a field. When these dispositions enter what, following Markus Gabriel, may be called "fields of sense", mind and walking become independent objects in their own right.


Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe the relationship between patient perception of fall risk and high fall risk screening scores. Background: Despite mandated government regulations and multiple hospital interventions, falls are the most prevalent adverse event among hospitalized patients and are the leading driver of health care costs, amounting to over $30 billion each year with projections to double by 2030. Recently, perception was identified as a major component in preventing falls. A dearth of research examines the relationship between a patient's perceived risk for falls and standardized fall screening scores. Methods: A descriptive correlational design with a convenience sample of 201 inpatient adults aged 65 and older screened as a high fall risk > 11 Johns Hopkins fall risk score (JHFRS) was enrolled from medical surgical units in a Magnet-designated Southern California hospital from July to September 2018. After providing informed consent, participants completed 4 perception measures. Bivariate analyses examined relationships between select variables and JHFRS group (≥16). Logistic regression model examined odds ratios of 5 variables from the bivariate analysis. Results: The sample (n=201) was diverse (61.7% Caucasian, 16.4% Black, 15.9% Hispanic, 2.5% Asian, 3.5% Other), 91.5% English speaking and 8.5% Spanish speaking. Mean age 77.1 ± 7.9 (range 65-99). Confidence was the only perception scale significantly associated with fall risk (r= -0.194, p=.01). Bivariate analysis indicated significant relationships between 75th percentile high fall risk (JHFRS ≥16) and Central Nervous System (CNS) agents (χ2=5.45, p=.02), Caucasian versus non-Caucasian group


Nanocrystalline materials are structurally characterised by a large density of grain boundaries which significantly alter their mechanical properties in comparison with conventional coarse-grained materials. Specifically, nanocrystallisation has been proven to be an effective method to improve wear resistance of steels. The recent development of the first bulk nanocrystalline steel, which can be produced on a large scale with large dimensions solely by bainitic transformation at low temperature, has stimulated research in quest of its in-service properties and potential applications. This paper outlines the work devoted in the last years to assess and understand the wear response of those nanocrystalline bainitic steels.


This essay examines the thoughts and actions of the eponymous hero Hamlet of Shakespeare's tragedy from the perspective of existential philosophy. The death of his father, the prompt remarriage of his mother and Ophelia's rejection of his love are interpreted as Jaspersian boundary situations. Burdened with the responsibility to avenge his father's murder, Hamlet faces an existential dilemma of either being a dutiful son or being true to himself. As he loses faith in the goodness of the world and confronts death, Hamlet enters a protracted phase of foundering, suffused with despair and self-loathing. The customary rational way of thinking fails him and his soul becomes shipwrecked. But this is also the beginning of Hamlet's journey toward authentic selfhood and becoming the Existenz that he potentially is. Affirming life with all of its absurdity in a moment of transcendence, he attains a kind of happiness that Camus addresses in The Myth of Sisyphus.


With the matched-filter of using frequency-time analysis (FTAN) technology, we process the Rayleigh wave data recorded by China seismic stations, and then obtain the dispersion of Rayleigh wave of crossing southeastern China continent and margin belt. We obtain pure path dispersion data of 40 × 40 grid for the southeastern China continent and margin belt by using a stochastic method. Based on the gridding inversion, we obtain the three-dimensional velocity structure for shear wave velocities by using the surface wave inversion program of Harkrider. The result indicates that: 1. The Moho depth of Southern China continent is 30–40 km and becomes thinner from west to east. At the margin and shallow sea region the Moho depth is 25–28 km and shows a clear zonal pattern. 2. The buried depth of low-velocity layer in upper mantle lies between 60 to 150 km and exhibits strong lateral variation related to the distribution of deep faults and deep internal dynamic processes. The undulatory variation of the interface in the NS direction is flatter than that in theWE direction. 3. The margin of the southeastern continent is the sea-continent transition belt of the East Asia continent. The depth of the Moho interface is shallow and the average velocity in the crust is low. The undulation behavior of the deep mantle interface indicates the heterogeneity of the structure and the coupling affect of deep and shallow medium.


Section I: Recent Analytical Technology for Food Pathogens and Toxins 1 1 Omic Analysis of Protein and Peptide Toxins in Food 3 Pasquale Ferranti, Chiara Nitride, and Monica Gallo 2 Biotechnology-Based Sensing Platforms for Detecting Foodborne Pathogens 37 Akbar S. Khan 3 Review of Sample Treatments and the State-of-the-art of Analytical Techniques for Mycotoxins in Food 51 Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares, José F. Huertas-Pérez, Ana M. García-Campaña, and Laura Gámiz-Gracia 4 Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification for Food Toxicity Analyses 103 Luis A. Tortajada-Genaro, S. Santiago-Felipe, and Angel Maquieira


One way to contribute to solving problems related to eating behavior is to develop valid and reliable instruments to measure estimation and food consumption frequency in Mexican population. The present study describes the development and initial validation of the estimation and food intake scale (ECA, for its Spanish acronym). The first version comprised 143 items in a Likert-type scale with five options each one and it was applied to 432 participants from Jalisco State, Mexico City and Mexico State. According to item-total correlation 32 items were selected and reliability analysis yielded a Cronbach alpha of .92 and .90 to estimation and frequency of food intake consumption respectively. Factor analysis only for estimation section yielded a six-factor structure which explained 53.3% of the total variance and reliability indices ranged between .55 and .76. The mean of food estimation showed that food was considered unhealthy and were consumed once a month. It is necessary to modify the current version of the scale and applied to a wider and heterogeneous sample.


Warfarin oral anticoagulant is most prescribed in the world. Warfarin is
prescribed for prevention of thromboembolic event, associated with atrial
fibrillation, prosthetic heart valves, or history of vascular thrombosis. Variability
in warfarin dose because of the variation among the patient and therapeutic
response depend on age, influence of another disease, nutritional status, weight,
concomitant medicine, influence of genetic polymorphism of the CYP2C9 or
VKORC1. Optimal dose warfarin can be monitored with international normalized
ratio (INR). The aims of this study is to compare initial warfarin response between
obese and non obese patient at RSUP dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.
This study was a retrospective with design descriptive observational study.
Subject in research is outpatient that receive newly warfarin therapy and with
complete INR value. To determine time required to achieve a therapeutic INR was
analyzed using non parametric test with Kaplan-Meier method.
The result of this study, 92 patient were included. Patient distribution were 44
patient with obesity and 48 patient with normal weight. Based on Kaplan-Meier
analyzed the median time to achieve therapeutic INR in obese patient is 56 days
and in normal weight is 57 days with p=0,316 (p>0,05) there is no significant
difference between the group.
Key word: Warfarin, Obese, non obese, INR, time to achieve therapeutic INR


Abstract This article differentiates between the evolution of trust in two main situations: where firms are geographically clustered and where they are spatially dispersed. While the former has received a lot of research attention, the latter has not. Drawing on the theoretical literature on economies of agglomeration, economies of association, trust, and social networks, we argue that organizational proximity is an alternative to spatial proximity as a context within which ascribed trust can develop, even in the absence of direct interaction. We apply these ideas to the case of a spatially diffuse network of three furniture firms in Ireland.


In an effort to evaluate the current use of case studies as a teaching technique in postsecondary agricultural education and to develop a model for integrating technologies into the case study technique (CST), a qualitative study was conducted that explored the current use of case studies, examined the effectiveness of the technique, and explored the technology skills held by instructors. Study findings revealed benefits and limitations to the use of CST within postsecondary agricultural education as well as methods for integrating technology into the process. Benefits of CST to students included (a) preparation for real-world application of knowledge, (b) development of higher-order thinking skills, and (c) communication skills improvement. Limitations of CST included (a) students' lack of prior experience, (b) difficulty for instructors to find quality cases, and (c) the need for skilled facilitators. Ways to address these limitations were identified through the research and involved the integration of technology. Research findings provided a foundation for the development of a model to integrate technology with CST. While further research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of the model, the research implies that the use of the resulting model could increase the use of CST and improve teaching effectiveness.


The natural frequency of tuning fork is measured in real-time by computer.Compared with the original method,this improved measurement by computer is easier and more intuitive,the result is more accurate.


Traditional teaching method in the teaching of international trade is likely to cause teacher-student poor interaction,drab teaching method and difficulty in mobilizing the enthusiasm of students and other issues,and case teaching method can overcome these defects.Case teaching in the international trade has three main forms: the case driven knowledge lecturing in application,theory combining case with practice,the student to analyze the case primarily,supplemented by teachers' comments.In case teaching,selected case is the key and foundation of case teaching,case show is the core of case teaching,and teachers' comments is the sublimation of case teaching.


The necessity and prerequisite of developing hybrid libraries are explored in detail from their origin. The authors pointed out that the key point, known as complementary advantages, should be grasped in the development of hybrid libraries, and put forward some concrete measures to solve the difficulties and problems in the development.


Background: Transfusion of blood and blood products is a life saving intervention and benefits innumerous patients worldwide. At the same time it could be an ominous mode of infection transmission to recipients. In 15 percent of total patients infected with HIV, blood transfusion has been the responsible mechanism of transmission. Methods: In this study, we aimed to access the prevalence and trend of HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis over the last 3½ years (January 2008 to June 2011) among the blood donors who came to donate blood at Blood Bank, P.D.U. Medical College & Hospital, Rajkot as well as in various blood donation camps organized by the same blood bank. Results: From the total of 30,178 blood donors, 711 (2.35%) had serological evidence of infection with at least one pathogen, either of HIV, HBV, HCV or Syphilis. These included 131 (0.43%) with HIV, 293 (0.97%) with HBV, 124 (0.41%) with HCV and 94 (0.31%) with Syphilis. Moreover, significantly declining trends of HIV, HBV and Syphilis was observed over the study period. Conclusion: A substantial percentage of blood donors harbor HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis infections. Strict selection of blood donors and comprehensive screening of donors' blood using standard methods are highly recommended to ensure the safety of blood for recipient.


The authors analyze the problems in Ukrainian higher educational institutions development and the reasons for their current inefficiency. The synthesis of teaching methods with information technologies and the introduction of reengineering into the educational process are considered to be effective in elimination of the drawbacks. It also leads to the development of the reengineering methods which are used as the system to support and enhance the educational processes on the basis of engineering solutions, i.e. on the basis of information and communication technologies.


This article explores the role that the worldwide movement of repatriation of human remains and cultural heritage—from museums and other institutions to minorities and indigenous populations—plays ...


The paper examines the application of pulse-compression techniques used in radar systems to FSK and PSK detection. Noncoherent FSK and differentially coherent PSK detection schemes using a mixer followed by a pulse-compressor matched filter are investigated. The mixer-PCMF combination, which acts as a predetector processor, converts the FSK modulation into pulse-position modulation and the PSK modulation into pulse-polarity modulation. A microprocessor-supervised experimental system for the FSK and DPSK detection schemes has been constructed and used to perform error-rate measurements for both schemes in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise and carrier interference. Some practical imperfections were also examined to determine their effect on system performance. The results show that both detection schemes are worthy of further consideration for use in the field of digital data communication, especially in HF communication applications, where carrier interference is a common impairment.


ABSTRACT:
 This paper introduces the "Protected Forest" as a new conservation approach in Nepal. Historically there were two dominant forest management approaches in Nepal: protected areas and community-based forestry. These site-based management approaches were able to contribute to protect- ing endangered wildlife species, enhancing greenery, and improving livelihoods of forest-dependent communities. However, these approaches were not suitable when applied to increasing populations of wide-ranging mobile species because, outside of protected areas, conservation activities are in their infancy. To enhance the mobility of wildlife and conserve biodiversity, the Government of Nepal de- clared particular forest patches as Protected Forests to link the existing protected areas creating their network to manage the flora and fauna, while acknowledging the reliance of local communities on the forest resources. In order to create and maintain a balance between conservation and human needs for forest resources, a zoning-based Protected Forests management plan was devised, assigning specific forest patches for specific purposes. Since local community forest user groups were enjoying full benefits from their community forests, in the initial phase of the implementation of protected forest management, local communities may have to compromise on their consumption of forest products as some sections of the area are assigned for absolute protection. In the short run, they are compensated by support provided for income-generating activities; and, in the long ran, they can enjoy more benefits through ecotourism. Hence, the protected forest approach creates a win-win situation for both wildlife and local communities.


The aim of this paper is to study the impact of air temperature on international touristsspatial behaviour when traveling to Estonia. Touristsspatial behaviour depends on many factors, weather dependence is one important aspect that has been studied. This study applies passive mobile positioning; a relatively new data collecting method that has many advantages but also some disadvantages in studying touristsspatial behaviour within a destination at a local scale. The passive mobile positioning dataset consisted of 6.1 million locations of call activities made by foreign mobile phones (roaming service) during the summer periods (June 1-August 31) of 2004 and 2005. The results of the study show that correlation between air temperature and touristslocations is significant in 50-60% of the study area, mainly in coastal and resort areas where correlations are the strongest. In bigger cities and inland areas the activities of tourists were the least weather dependent. The study confirms the great potential of the passive positioning method for studying tourists' space- time behaviour at local destinations.


The authors present herein the literature data and an analysis of eight own observations of the syndrome first described by G.S.Marshall et al. in 1987. This syndrome is characterized by intermittent (once in 3 to 5 weeks) fever accompanied by aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenitis: the authors called it «PFAPA syndrome» abbreviated from the periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis). The body temperature during an attack is known to elevate up to 39-40°C, accompanied by a series of systemic disorders, however, the most characteristic features are the enlargement of the cervical lymph node (up to 3-5 cm), inflammation of tonsils, often with exudates, single aphthae on the oral mucosa. The disease is benign, with the seizures recurring for 4-8 years, to disappear without traces. An attack is rapidly arrested by an early administration of corticosteroids.


Plant transpiration rate and water potential daily variation are critical elements for not only the study of plant water transportation mechanism, but also for forest restoration and regional water resources management. A field study was conducted in June to October of 2011 to analyse daily variations in the transpiration rate and water potential of Robinia pseudoacacia. The variations in transpiration rate and root/leaf water potential were measured at 2-hour intervals, from 8:00 to 18:00. Changes in transpiration rate and root/leaf water potential in different months, under different soil water content (2, 5 and 20 days after watering) and weather (clear-sky, light-cloud and overcast) conditions were analyzed and the environmental impacts discussed. The study showed that transpiration rate and root/leaf water potential were significantly correlated with environmental factors such as solar radiation, relative humidity and air and soil temperature. The transpiration rate and root/leaf water potential difference were also significantly correlated. The daily variation in transpiration rate and root/leaf water potential showed the opposite curve trends. Analysis of daily average, minimum, maximum and the difference between daily maximum and minimum suggested that transpiration rate and root/leaf water potential varied significantly with months, soil water and weather conditions. These results add to our understanding of the water transportation mechanism of Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC), which was critical for forest restoration and rational water resources utilization and management for the millions of people in the study area and beyond.


Time pattern of traffic flow is one of the important features of vessel traffic flow, and indicates the aggregation and dispersion degree, and reflects the risk of the vessel traffic flow. The model is constructed for doing statistical analysis and prediction to the time pattern of traffic flow by Mathematical statistics and Theory of Forecasting. The prediction model can be used to forecast the future time pattern of traffic flow by parameters of the statistic model. And the time pattern of traffic flow of Tianjin Port is statistically analyzed and forecasted to judge risk of time pattern of traffic flow. 1. FOREWORD Time pattern of traffic flow is one important feature of vessel traffic flow, and


Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of prulifloxacin in the treatment of respiratory tract and urinary tract bacterial infections.Methods Prulifloxacin tablets were given for the treatment of mild and medoerate acute bacterial infections,whereas levofloxacin tablets were given as comparative medications.Both drugs were administered at the dosage of 200mg,per os and q12h,for 5~12 d.Results Prulifloxacin and levofloxacin showed no statistically significant difference in clinical effectiveness(P0.05),with the clinical effective rates of 95.65% and 90.91%.The overall bacterial eradication rates were 95.00%(19/20)and 88.89%(16/18),The incidence rates of adverse effects were 12.50%(3/24)and 4.35%(1/23),showing no statistically significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion Domestic prulifloxacin was a safe and effective antibiotic in the treatment of acute respiratory tract as well as urinary tract infections.


The present work focuses on the synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of a nanosized Fe-doped TiO2 photocatalyst. The samples were synthesized by the sol–gel method and characterized by using techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), UV–visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The powder XRD spectra revealed that the synthesized samples are pure and crystalline in nature and show a tetragonal anatase phase of TiO2. The Raman spectroscopy also confirmed the formation of an anatase phase structure in both pure and Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). The UV–visible and PL spectra illustrated the red shift in Fe-doped TiO2 NPs. The FTIR spectra indicated the vibrational band of the Ti–O lattice. The photocatalytic experimental results demonstrate that Fe-doped TiO2 NPs effectively degrade MB under visible-light illumination. Interestingly, the prepared TiO2 NPs with a dopant concentration of 3.0 mole% showed the maximum photocatalytic activity under investigation.


This paper addresses the use of viscous flow control by suction to improve compressor stage performance. The pressure ratio can be significantly increased by controlling the development of the airfoil and endwall boundary layers. This concept has been validated through an aspirated fan stage experiment performed in the MIT Blowdown Compressor Facility. The fan stage was designed to produce a pressure ratio of 1.6 at a throughflow adiabatic efficiency of 89% at a corrected rotor tip speed of 750 ft/s (229 m/s). Aspiration was applied to the airfoil surface of both the rotor and stator at a design suction rate of 0.5% of the inlet flow. Aspiration was also used on the endwall boundary layers. The measured performance of the stage agrees well with the design intent and predicted performance. An incompressible, vortex shedding model calibrated to the experimental data shows that the vortex shedding induces radial flows that redistribute flow properties in the spanwise direction.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


A modified Mapleson D anaesthetic breathing system in the form of a co-axial circuit was described by Bain & Spoerel in 1972l and its performance, particularly during controlled ventilation, has been assessed in several report^.^-^ The Bain circuit (Respiratory Care Inc.) in a disposable form has been available commercially for some time. An improved version of this type of circuit, incorporating a valve which allows direct mounting onto British anaesthetic machines, has been designed and is described below. The new version has several advantages. The tubing used for the co-axial circuit is


While the research on Catholic schools focuses on their distinctive character including the central role of faith communities within those schools, the challenges facing faith communities in urban Catholic schools have received relatively little attention. This essay argues that the integration of the principles of liberation theology, especially reflection on Gospel passages related to social justice, into the Accelerated Schools Project (ASP) may be a viable approach to restructuring in urban Catholic schools. The congruities and incongruities in the origins and purposes of liberation theology and the ASP are examined. Then a strategy is suggested for integrating liberation theology into the ASP, with the intent of building a deeper shared sense of community and commitment to social justice.


Objectives To summarize the clinical and imagic characteristics of moyamoya disease in children. Methods The clinical characteristics and the results of laboratory examinations were reviewed in 17 children with moya- moya disease. Results The onset age ranged from 1 year and 3 months to 12 years(of which 4 yrs ~ 10 yrs accounted for 82.4%). The clinical manifestations were different, including paresis or hemiplegia(15),sensory disturbance(6),dysphasia(6),blurred vision(3),headache(2),epileptic seizures(2),involuntary movement(2),dysphagia(1),and psychomotor going backwards(1). Cranial CT scan showed ischemia in 5 cases. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan showed ischemia in 11 of 12 cases,including infarction and malactic lesions. There was 1 case showed no abnormality on MRI. In 16 cases,magnetic resonance angiography(MRA)showed stenosis or occlusion at terminus of the siphon portions of internal carotid arteries or at proximal ends of anterior or middle cerebral arteries,as well as formation of abnormal vascular network at basal part. In one case,no basal vascular network showed on MRA,and it was confirmed by digital subtraction angiography(DSA). In the 8 cases who performed DSA,the characteristics of 7 cases were consistent with MRA. Conclusions The peak onset age of children with moyamoya disease ranged from 4 yrs to 10 yrs. This disease manifested differently. Most patients presented as transient ischemic attack. Paresis or hemiplegia,sensory disturbance and dysphasia were the common symptoms. Cranial MRA and DSA are the dominating methods for diagnosis of moyamoya disease. MRA can be the first choice for detecting moyamoya disease.


HOW CAN ONE acknowledge points of contact among disparate texts, times, places, languages, and cultures without doing violence to their particularity? This problem becomes especially acute when discussing modern and contemporary literature, since the ever increasing connections produced by globalization have also resulted in a plurality of cultural positions whose complex interconnections unsettle notions of commensurability and equivalence that derive from comparative literature's Eurocentric legacy. As a result, the discipline of comparative literature is in danger of becoming caught in a continuous movement of selfreferential deconstruction, oscillating between the universal and the particular, between old Eurocentric practices and the possibility of resisting and subverting them. In this essay I propose that the flâneur in exile addresses and offers an alternative to this endless oscillation between sameness and difference. I use the phrase flâneur in exile to refer to the encounter between a paradigmatic figure of European modernity, the flâneur, and contemporary Chinese poetry, especially the exilic writing of Yang Lian 杨炼. In its overlaying or superimposing of places, times, languages, and cultures, this encounter embodies the bewildering complexity of the present moment. It also suggests an approach to comparative literature that would address this complexity by acknowledging the constitutive role that such moments of mutually estranging encounter play in modern literature and culture. Taken as a figure for comparability, the flâneur in exile emphasizes collision, encounter, and touch, rather than mimetic models of comparison that claim equivalence or commensurability. While recognizing the elision of difference that occurs through the superimposition of texts, languages, cultures, times, and places, the figure also produces moments of particularity that emerge


The assumption that turbulence at large wave-numbers is isotropic and has universal spectral characteristics which are independent of the flow geometry, at least for high Reynolds numbers, has been a cornerstone of closure theories as well as of the most promising recent development in the effort to predict turbulent flows, viz. large eddy simulations. This hypothesis was first advanced by Kolmogorov based on the supposition that turbulent kinetic energy cascades down the scales (up the wave-numbers) of turbulence and that, if the number of these cascade steps is sufficiently large (i.e. the wave-number range is large), then the effects of anisotropies at the large scales are lost in the energy transfer process. Experimental attempts were repeatedly made to verify this fundamental assumption. However, Van Atta has recently suggested that an examination of the scalar and velocity gradient fields is necessary to definitively verify this hypothesis or prove it to be unfounded. Of course, this must be carried out in a flow with a sufficiently high Reynolds number to provide the necessary separation of scales in order unambiguously to provide the possibility of local isotropy at large wave-numbers. An opportunity to use our 12-sensor hot-wire probe to address this issue directly was made available at the 80'x120' wind tunnel at the NASA Ames Research Center, which is normally used for full-scale aircraft tests. An initial report on this high Reynolds number experiment and progress toward its evaluation is presented.


Despite the recent Truth and Reconciliation Report in Canada, rates of Indigenous children being apprehended by the state remain disproportionality high when compared to non-Indigenous children. Starting with a critical decolonizing methodology, this article charts connections between historic and contemporary settler-colonial state interventions into lives and places of Indigenous families. We interrogate resiliencies of false settler-state logics based on "for their own good" logics about Indigenous peoples. We then turn to the recent ascendance of cultural safety, considering the concept's positive possibility, and potential limitations, with reference to child-welfare and apprehension of Indigenous children. Finally, based on established evidence that child welfare is a crucial determinant of broader Indigenous health and well-being, the article concludes with thoughts about how those working with settler-colonial state apparatuses might achieve culturally safe engagements with Indigenous cultures in the contemporary colonial present. Our solutions are located in literary arts, where the article begins.


Transmission electron microscopy has been used to determine the crystallographic characteristics of the a-phase precipitation process in austenitic steels. The a-phase precipitating inside the austenite grains was found to exhibit a close similarity to the austenite described by Nenno, Tagaya & Nishijama [Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met. (1962), 3, 82-91]. Transition matrices of the austenite planes and direction indices to the a phase have been determined. The a-phase lamellae were found to lie on the { 111 } austenite plane which is their habit plane and grow most rapidly in the (112)~ direction. The habit of these lamellae are bound by four {110}~ and two {001 }. a-phase planes. 1. I n t r o d u c t i o n The secondary phase precipitated from a supersaturated solid solution often exhibits a band of Widmanstiitten-type microstructure. A lamellar shape is assumed by particles of phases having a structure where at least one lattice plane has the same atom distribution as the lattice matrix plane. The crystal lattices of both such phases (precipitation and matrix) adhere to each other by their planes of similar atomic configuration, forming a coherent or semicoherent phase interface (Cocks & Barland, 1975; Russell, 1970). At such an interface the surface energy is small and this, together with the energy of matrix strain due to the presence of precipitates, promotes the alloy tendency to achieve a state of lowest free energy. Particles can also assume a lamellar shape due to anisotropic growth in non-equilibrium conditions (Bell & Langdon, 1969). Lamellar-shaped precipitates have an appropriate orientation of crystal lattice relative to the matrix lattice and the habit plane (Rostoker & Dvorak, 1965). At a certain stage in the annealing of AISI310 austenitic steels, in the temperature range 870-1170 K, the a phase precipitates directly from the austenite (Barcik, 1980). The a phase nucleates inside the grains and grows in the form of needles or strips which form a Widmanstiitten microstructure (Fig. 1). SEM observations of deep-etched metallographic ~7~.


In an on-farm field experiment different rice (Oryza sativa) based crop sequences were tested for their performance over two consecutive years 2006-07 and 2007-08 at Haringhata, Nadia, West Bengal. The sequences were: rice – rice, rice – rapeseed (Brassica campestris) – sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), rice – potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) – sesame, rice – potato – lady's finger (Hibiscus esculentus) and rice – rapeseed – rice. Among the five cropping systems, rice-potato-lady's finger gave the highest system yield as well as net return and the ricerice cropping system recorded lowest system yield as well as net return in both the experimental year. During the 1 year of experimentation, rice-rapeseed-rice cropping sequence was found to be the best regarding benefit cost ratio, though it is statistically at par with the rice-potato-lady's finger sequence and showed its superiority over the other sequences in the 2 year. Highest energy productivity as well as fuel energy use efficiency was recorded with rice – potato – sesame (0.54kg/MJ and 1.97kg/MJ, respectively), followed by rice – potato – lady's finger (0.52kg/MJ and 1.66kg/MJ, respectively). Considering productivity, profitability, energy use efficiency and fossil fuel energy use efficiency rice – potato – lady's finger was the best out of the five crop sequences.


Dark surrounds make detection of moving target more difficult based on traditional methods. A real time identification of fast moving object under weak illumination is critical for some special applications. Traditional blob, contour and kernel-based tracking methods either need high computational loads or require normal illumination which limit their application. In this paper, we propose a new method trying to settle such difficulty based on temporal standard deviation. The performance of new method was evaluated with simulation data and real video data recorded by a simple imaging system. Combining hardware acceleration, a real time detection and visualization of fast moving boundary in dark environment can be achieved.


Clinical signs can play important role in diagnosis and management of diseases. In case of retroperitoneal bleeding due to any cause, there are four eponymous cutaneous signs mentioned in literature. These include Cullen's sign, Turner's sign, Fox's sign and Bryant's sign. These signs are briefly reviewed in this article. Keywords: retroperitoneal hemorrhage; Cullen's sign; Turner's sign; Fox's sign; Bryant's sign. Received: September 9, 2012; Accepted: December 16, 2012; Published: January 12, 2013 Correspond ing Author: Sajad Ahmad Salati, Department of Surgery, Qassim College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com .


1. Di Stefano M, Mengoli C, Bergonzi M, et al. Bone mass and mineral metabolism alterations in adult celiac disease: pathophysiology and clinical approach. Nutrients 2013;5:4786–99. 2. Di Stefano M, Bergonzi M, Benedetti I, et al. Alterations of inflammatory and matrix production indices in celiac disease with low bone mass on long-term gluten-free diet. J Clin Gastroenterol 2019;53:e221–6. 3. Taranta A, Fortunati D, Longo M, et al. Imbalance of osteoclastogenesisregulating factors in patients with celiac disease. J Bone Miner Res 2004;19:1112–21. 4. Fornari MC, Pedreira S, Niveloni S, et al. Preand post-treatment serum levels of cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-1 receptor antagonist in celiac disease. Are they related to the associated osteopenia? Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:413–8. 5. Tortora C, Punzo F, Argenziano M, et al. The role of cannabinoid receptor type 2 in the bone loss associated with pediatric celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020;71:633–40. 6. Rossi F, Bellini G, Tolone C, et al. The Cannabinoid Receptor type 2 Q63R variant increases the risk of coeliac disease: implication for a novel molecular biomarker and future therapeutic intervention. Pharmcol Res 2012;66:88–94. 7. Battista N, Di Sabatino A, Di Tommaso M, et al. Altered expression of type-1 and type-2 cannabinoid receptors in celiac disease. PLoS One 2013;8:e62078. 8. Mora S, Barera G, Beccio S, et al. A prospective, longitudinal study of the long-term effect of treatment on bone density in children with celiac disease. J Pediatr 2001;139:516–21. 9. Zhu M, Yu B, Bai J, et al. Cannabinoid Receptor S agonist prevents local and systemic inflammatory bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Mine Res 2019;34:739–51.


Summary The foot-in-the-door procedure, first experimentally proposed by Freedman and Fraser, increases compliance for a critical request by preceding it with an easier request. Self-perception theory has frequently been used to explain why the procedure is effective. Labeling of an individual's behavior by others also may influence that individual's self-concept. The present study combined a labeling technique with the foot-in-the-door procedure to see whether compliance would be altered. An easy request was first asked of individuals entering a university library, and after answering they were informed that their response was either helpful or not helpful. Control conditions were also carried out. With 120 university students serving as Ss, the results showed that a positive label produced significantly greater compliance, and a negative label produced significantly lower compliance, when compared to the typical (nonlabel) foot-in-the-door procedure.


This paper describes the system WHUSUM we developed to participate in the update summarization task of TAC 2009. Given a topic and corresponding topic statement, this year's task is to write 2 summaries (one for Document Set A and one for Document Set B) that meet the information need expressed in the topic statement. In order to generate a topic-oriented summary for Set A, We present a co-training based strategy to select the topic relevant sentences from two abundant views and adopt a graph-based ranking algorithm (i.e. GRASSHOPPER) to achieve both information richness and content diversity in the generated summary. Furthermore, to capture the novel information in Set B and remove the possible redundant information in historical Document Set A, we propose two approaches to encourage novelty. One is to incorporate similarity between sentences in historical set and current set in the prior ranking of GRASSHOPPER. Another is to directly rank sentences for Document Set B first, and then to adjust their ranking scores based on the content comparison between the relevant sentence sets in A and B. The official evaluation results show that our system gets competitive performance in general topic-oriented summarization task and ranks in the middle among 52 submitted systems in update summarization task, which demonstrate that there is still large room to improve the novelty detection mechanism of the system.


OBJECTIVE To compare the absorption of calcium from calcium amino acid chelate and calcium carbonate using 24-h urine calcium method conducted in healthy male volunteers. METHODS In a three-way crossover study,either a blank or 600 mg of calcium in the form of calcium carbonate,500 mg of calcium in calcium amino acid chelate were administered orally to 21 healthy male volunteers who had fasted overnight. Urine calcium was measured afterward. Absorption of the different calcium-supplement regimens was evaluated by changes in 24-h urinary excretion of calcium. After calcium was administered,absorption of the different calcium-supplement regimens was evaluated by changes in calcium ions concentration in 24-h urinary excretion. RESULTS Urine calcium increments,max excretory rate,Tmax and excretory percent for calcium amino acid chelate calcium carbonate were(61.8±32.8)mg vs. (37.5±29.1)mg,(4.76±2.46 )mg·h-1 vs. (3.5±1.5)mg·h-1,(10.3%±5.5%) vs. (6.2%±4.8%),(3.4±2.6)h vs. (4.0±4.4)h,respectively. Compare with carbonate calcium,bioavailability of calcium amino acid chelate was(471.0%±630.5%). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that calcium amino acid chelate is superior to calcium carbonate using 24 h urine calcium method,which partly represented calcium absorption. Calcium amino acid chelate may offer significant advantages as a dietary calcium supplement.


Morphological characteristics of lesions have been widely studied in coronary artery disease and carotid artery disease, but the enigma still remains in evaluating precisely which morphological characteristics and findings will predict better outcome of endovascular treatment in patients with advanced arterial occlusive disease. In coronary arteries, echolucent zones identified using intravascular ultrasound were found to increase the risk of clinical instability. Paraskevaidis et al. studied the potential correlation between angiographic lesion morphology and the early and 1-year clinical outcomes in patients with unstable angina. They classified the morphology of the culprit lesion as simple or complex according to Ambrose's modified criteria. Simple lesions included concentric and eccentric lesions of type IA and type IB. Complex lesions included eccentric lesions of type IIA and IIB, multiple irregularities, tandem lesions, presence of thrombus, total occlusions, and TIMI flow grade ,3 occlusions. They concluded that angiographic classification of the culprit lesion as simple or complex was not correlated with the clinical outcome of patients with unstable angina, while the presence of thrombus, angulation of the lesion between 458 and 908, and irregular contour of the culprit lesion were correlated. It is generally agreed that ultrasonic assessment of plaque morphology in carotid artery disease, in addition to the degree of stenosis, is a predictor of the prognosis, identifying plaques at a higher risk of becoming clinically symptomatic. Subjects with echolucent atherosclerotic plaques have increased risk of ischemic cerebrovascular events independent of both degree of stenosis and cardiovascular risk factors. Heterogeneous plaques are associated with a higher incidence of cerebrovascular symptoms than homogeneous plaques for all grades of stenosis. The link between echo plaque structure and prognosis does not appear to be limited to the carotid arteries but may apply to virtually all vascular districts where atherosclerotic plaques can be imaged by ultrasound technology. O'Farrell et al. analyzed the prognostic value of carotid ultrasound lesion morphology in retinal ischemia; they found that the percentage stenosis caused by the carotid lesions, although more severe in the vascular event group, was not significantly different between the groups. Patients who suffered a vascular event in follow-up had significantly more complex heterogeneous lesions (vs. simple heterogeneous / homogeneous lesions) than patients who remained alive and well. They suggested that the criteria for selection for treatment should be based on lesion morphology as well as the degree of stenosis. In this issue of the JEVT, Baumann et al. describe the typical infrapopliteal lesion morphology (length, diameter, calcification) in a


Objective Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are commonly present in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Disturbed sleep quality is also observed in AD patients. However, the effects of memantine on sleep architecture have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of memantine on polysomnography (PSG) variables and BPSD. Methods In total, 12 patients with AD (mean age: 79.0±4.1 years old) were enrolled in this study. The following tests were performed: the Neuropsychiatric Inventory for the assessment of BPSD, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for cognitive function, and PSG for evaluation of sleep architecture. After baseline examinations, patients were treated with memantine according to a standard prescription protocol. After being treated with 20 mg/day of memantine for 4 weeks, examinations were carried out again. Results All subjects completed the trial. The mean MMSE and NPI scores were 22.6±3.4 and 13.8±12.9, respectively. Treatment with memantine significantly decreased the NPI score (5.8±4.3, p<0.01). There were significant decreases in the scores of subscales for anxiety (p=0.04) and irritability/lability (p=0.04). PSG demonstrated a longer total sleep time (TST) (p<0.01), increases in sleep efficiency (p<0.01) and time spent in stage II (% TST, p=0.02), and decreases in nocturnal awakening (p<0.01), the periodic limb movement index (p<0.01), and time spent in stage I (% TST, p=0.02). Conclusion Memantine was effective for reducing fragmented sleep and improving BPSD, and was well tolerated.


Over the last 10 years, the use of experimental methods has received an increasing level of attention in the field of Management and International Business. Editors of major journals have encouraged its use. However, experimental research is still under-represented in the field of International Management and is even rarer in language research. Having said this, the topic of language has been studied in Cross-cultural Psychology, Psycho-linguistics, International Marketing and Cognitive Science, where experiments are used frequently. The current experimental language research in International Management has been influenced by these disciplines.

The objective of this chapter is not to explain how to design experimental research per se. Readers can identify many books and articles that offer detailed explanations on how to conduct experimental research. Instead, we first review the present use of experimental design in language research and then provide some explanations as to why experiments are rarely used. Using this information as the baseline for the present application of experimental methods in language research, we then illustrate how this method can be applied more broadly to advance research in the field.


Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) is a multipurpose plant with many attributes and considerable potential. Different parts of the jatropha curcas plant are employed in Indian traditional medicine for the treatment of several disorders. Our aim was to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of 50% ethanolic extract of leaves of jatropha curcas (JCE) in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of JCE at a dose of 250 and 500 mg kg -1 bw respectively showed potent antihyperglycemic activity in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The LD50 determination was done in mice by OECD guidelines 423. The LD50 of the JCE was found to be 2500 mg/kg. At the end of treatment, reduction in blood glucose level in treated rats with dose 250 mg/kg was 219.5 – 116.5, (p< 0.001). and oral administration of 500 mg/kg of JCE on blood glucose level was found to be 237.0- 98.83, (p< 0.001). While in case of Glibenclamide 600µg/kg, the results was found to be 232.33 – 94.5 mg/dl, (p< 0.001). Our results indicate that JCE have prominent antidiabetic effect in experimental diabetes and can therefore be used as an alternative remedy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.


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Chlordimeform N′‐(4‐choro‐O‐tolyl)‐N, N‐dimethyl‐formamidine; CDF), an acaracide‐insecticide, relaxed helically cut strips of rabbit thoracic aorta and deadventitiated aorta strips. Relaxations by CDF of aorta strips contracted by 5 × 10−7M prostaglandin F2α were not altered by the antimuscarinic agent atropine (10−5M), the beta‐adrenergic antagonist propranolol (10−5M), the histamine H2 antagonist cimetidine (2 × 10−4M), the dopamine antagonist haloperidol (10−5M) or the Na+‐K+‐ATPase inhibitor ouabain (5 × 10−6M). CDF further relaxed deadventitiated strips contracted by 10−6M NE or 40 mM potassium and then partially relaxed by 10−5M verapamil. CDF (10−5M) potentiated contractions caused by the addition of calcium to potassium depolarized strips in zero calcium media, but higher concentrations reduced calcium‐induced contractions. The highest CDF concentration (10−2M) not only prevented tension increase on calcium addition, but also progressively decreased tension to below baseline levels. The addition of 10−2M CDF to aorta strips not contracted by a vasoactive agent decreased resting tension. This relaxation was usually maximal at 10−3M and less at 10−2M. Thus, CDF relaxes vascular smooth muscle, not by antagonism at the usual vascular relaxant receptors, but by interference with calcium utilization.


In 2002,the Ministry of Education promulgated the Full-time Regular Senior Secondary School Curriculum Program,which put forward the idea of intended-major-oriented elective courses.From 2006 onwards,the MOE approved successively college entrance examination and admission policies of five provinces and autonomous regions,being mainly characterized by the differentiation between the arts or science candidates.In 2010,the MOE issued National Outline for Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development(2010-2020),with emphasis on the supremacy of fostering and assessing students' comprehensive capacities.Obviously,there are inherent contradictions and conflicts among three aspects of senior secondary school curriculum,college entrance examination courses and college admission requirements.Looking into the education systems of Hong Kong,Taiwan,the United States and Britain,we find that the above mentioned three aspects are all based on the idea of curriculum differentiation among intended-major candidates in those regions and countries.Therefore,in addition to appropriate required courses,we must also offer enough major-oriented elective courses,which should play a vital part of college admission requirements.Multiple pathways for all kinds of intended-major candidates help to cultivate and select a great variety of generalists and specialists.


The effect of radiation on callus formation was studied in mice whose femora had been fractured after irradiation of the leg and thigh. The end point was the CID50 or dose which produced a specified inhibition of callus formation in half of the subjects. CID50 was 1,750 rads, 2,270 rads, 3,020 rads, and 3,600 rads for radiation given in 1-, 2-, 5-, or lO-dose fractions. The CID50 was 2,270, 2,420, and 2,470 rads for time intervals between Dose 1(1,000 rads) and Dose 2 on one, seven, and twenty-eight days respectively.


Current aircraft on-site maintenance management has many deficiencies. A new intelligent automation system based on ZigBee wireless network to ameliorate current aircraft on-site maintenance management is proposed. System structure and advantages of ZigBee wireless network is introduced. Application possibility of ZigBee technology to aircraft on-site maintenance management is analyzed. Improved workflow of aircraft on-site maintenance management based on automation system is established. Personnel and equipment scheduling based on ZigBee wireless network is put forward. Aircraft status information access and dissemination method is studied. On-site maintenance data storage and analysis method is researched. System architecture and implementation method is analyzed.


The Malimasa people began to identify with and build their ethnic culture at the beginning of the 20th century.Their re-definition and re-interpretation of their own culture and cultural identity blazes a trail for the Chinese diaspora to initiate a dialogue between marginalized culture and mainstream culture,and creates a harmonious environment for the co-existence of diversified cultures.This paper,from the perspective of Chinese diaspora,analyzes the root causes why the Malimasa people have carried out a series of activities for cultural reconstruction and makes a tentative exploration into the current state and future prospect.It is concluded that in the context of globalization,how much Chinese diaspora(with the Malimasa people as representatives) know about their own realistic conditions and development opportunities will be a decisive factor determining whether they can prevent from getting lost and realize a smooth transition.


There is a need for more convenient and effective methods for detecting and discriminating between α- and β-radiation. In this work, two plastic scintillator detectors were used to detect and discriminate between α- and β-radiation based on digital pulse shape discrimination (PSD) . The charge comparison method (CCM) performed better than the time comparison method (TCM), and Detector A (with ZnS doping) showed better results than those of Detector B (without ZnS doping). With Detector A, the total rate of misidentification was approximately 0.25% with the appropriate discrimination parameters; with Detector B, the total rate of misidentification was approximately 1.5%. Both detectors showed improved discrimination compared with most commercial detectors. This method is a promising means for improving the effectiveness of the detection and discrimination of α- and β-radiation based on PSD.


The need to improve the effectiveness of the system of additional vocational training increases the need to seek innovative forms of organization of the system. In our case, this innovative form of organization of the system of additional vocational training network is a learning organization. Subject of research a model of network infrastructure management of lself-earning organization system of additional vocational training, created in the form of a triple net. The authors present an algorithm for creating infrastructure model, develop and describe a model of network infrastructure of management of self-learning organization. Found and characterized the basic scientific approaches and principles of management, and network management of infrastructure components of self-learning organization system of additional professional education: scientific, target, providing, controllable and controlling subsystems.


Fast and efficient pedestrian detection and vehicle detection has become an increasingly important task in the autonomous driving technology. In this paper, we propose a new pedestrian detection and vehicle detection algorithm based on the YOLOv2 with optimized feature extraction. We adopt the priori experience about the feature box sizes, instead of K-mean clustering algorithm in the original YOLOv2 algorithm. We first conduct statistical analysis on the dataset with a label of pedestrian label and vehicles, and then we design the initial value of the pre-selection box that is more in line with the characteristics of pedestrian and vehicle. Together with hard negative mining, multi-scale training, and model pretraining, the proposed algorithm not only improves the detection accuracy but also keeps the good detection efficiency. Experimental results on traffic benchmark record demonstrate that the optimized algorithm satisfies the real-time capability and the accuracy requirement of the lowspeed autonomous driving.


The problem of the attitude of the local population of Turkistan towards the Russian conquest, as well as to their presence, has been covered by written works from the moment of Russia's advance into Central Asia. The historiogra phy on this question includes hundreds of books and research works.1 Until re cently, local authors' views and estimations of the Russian conquest were in volved above all in the standpoint of the justification or confirmation of the idea of the fundamental significance of the conquest of Central Asia by the Russian empire for the local people. During the post-Soviet period, the ideas and conclu sions of local authors were used with another aim, precisely as proof of the colo nial policy of Tsarism and its administration in the kray (territory). It should be noted that the attitude of local Muslim authors to the Russian conquest and their presence in Turkistan and in the states (khanates) of Buxara and Xiva was not unequivocal. The estimations and views of local authors were remarkable for their variety changing from silent apathy to active propaganda of armed revolt against the Russians. By the end of the 19th century, many authors had already written odes of eulogy about the Russians, Russia, and devoted their works to and in honor of the new orders and innovations.


Feature localization (FL) is a basic activity in re-engineering legacy systems into software product lines. In this work, we explore the use of the Spectrum-based localization technique for this task. This technique is traditionally used for fault localization but with practical applications in other tasks like the dynamic FL approach that we propose. The ArgoUML SPL benchmark is used as a case study and we compare it with a previous hybrid (static and dynamic) approach from which we reuse the manual and testing execution traces of the features. We conclude that it is feasible and sound to use the Spectrum-based approach providing promising results in the benchmark metrics.


A strain of sulfate reducing bacteria is separated and purified by experiment(be named SRBd),and is identified to desulfobacter preliminarily.Characteristic experiment of SRBd strain to remove Fe2+,Mn2+ in wastewater is made under different conditions of bacteria liquid dosage,pH value,oscillation intensity and carbon sulfur.The result indicated that 37℃,6 of pH,100r / min of shock strength,2/1 of COD/SO42-are the best reaction conditions.Under the best condition,removal rate is 88.16%、99.37% and 59.18% to SO42-、Fe2+ and Mn2+ respectively.So the SRBd has the better removal performance to Fe2+,Mn2+.This result can provide a certain reference for AMD treated by biological method.


The goal of this paper is to investigate the feasibility and possibilities of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) in shipbuilding. Through a literature study various similar applications have been found with very promising results. Next we analyzed representative shipbuilding processes and identified the possible benefits of the application of RFID, such as reducing errors in data transfer, localization, and so forth. Based on this, we set up a number of tests with the industry, providing practical feedback on feasibility, reliability, and so forth. Preliminary results seem very promising for some of the foreseen applications.


A nonlinear weak separation function and a nonlinear regular weak separation function were first introduced by virtue of a nonlinear scalarization function.Then image space analysis approach was applied to the discussion of vector optimization problem with constraints.


Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to survey the one-sided search problem, starting with Koopman's work in 1946 and continuing to the present. The paper summarizes some basic results for both the optimal allocation of effort problem and the best track problem for stationary and moving targets; but, it is intended as an introduction to the literature of the field rather than an exposition of it. The paper does not include two-sided searches, i.e., searches in which the target reacts in any intelligent way to the searcher. It does not include surveillance problems or problems involving false contacts or decoys. It includes only repeatable searches.