In this issue of Project Management Journal, the reader will explore different perspectives, exemplifying the dynamic and creativity at stake within the project, program, and portfolio management field. These papers provide good illustrations of the various schools of project management research I introduced in the From the Editor letters between June 2007 and September 2008. Furthermore, the papers in this issue cover several core areas within the field: society, the practice-of-project, public sector, gender, and project portfolio. In doing so, the papers illustrate the kind of impact that project/ program/portfolio management can have on current business and/or society-related problematic issues. They use different research approaches—literature review and borrowing through analogy to other scientific fields (natural and social sciences), literature review and conceptual model development, empirical study, and exploratory studies—showing the diversity of application of possible research perspectives. Manfred Saynisch ("Mastering Complexity and Changes in Projects, Economy, and Society via Project Management Second Order (PM-2)") introduces Project Management Second Order (PM-2), a concept based on new insights in modern natural and social sciences. The concept is grounded on a new paradigm. The paper provides an in-depth explanation of the development of PM-2 as well as the principles, methods, and processes. Practical implications are discussed with the support of examples of use in various types of projects. Possible integration aspects with CPMCS (ICCPM), ICB3 (IPMA), and PMBOK® Guide/OPM3® (Project Management Institute [PMI], 2008a, 2008b), leading to future perspective, are explained. Pierre-Luc Lalonde, Mario Bourgault, and Alain Findeli ("Building Pragmatist Theories of PM Practice: Theorizing the Act of Project Management") raise the question: "Is the scientific field of project management a knowledge field like any other?" Drawing on the literature, they develop a typological model that brings together four distinct theoretical types of project management practice. Critically discussing each type, they demonstrate that the type grounded in a pragmatist conception of the theory-practice link offers the potential to build strong theories of project management practice. Moving from pragmatism to folklore, Vanessa Darrell, David Baccarini, and Peter E.D. Love lead us to "Demystifying the Folklore of the Accidental Project Manager in the Public Sector." Their paper examines the experiences of 46 accidental project managers within the Western Australian public sector. Their findings reveal that most project managers were selected based on their technical or managerial expertise and thus lacked the required competencies to deliver a project. Furthermore, they indicate that there was a greater tendency for accidental project managers to act in a parttime mode, undertake nontechnical projects, and receive limited training and education. "Women are taking on more roles in project management, yet the field is still considered to be male-dominated." On the basis of this assessment, Linda S. Henderson and Richard W. Stackman present the results of "An Exploratory Study of Gender in Project Management: Interrelationships With Role, Location, Technology, and Project Cost." They explore whether gender differences in project managers are related to gender differences in their team members. On the basis of the analyses conducted of 563 project team members' responses, several significant and rich findings are reported. They conclude the paper emphasizing some key implications for organizational and project management researchers and decision makers. "From a project-portfolio perspective, it is not enough to track the performance of projects in an isolated way." Addressing this problem, Hynuk Sanchez and Benoît Robert state that it is difficult to find indicators for measuring the achievement of objectives during the progress of project portfolios. In their paper ("Measuring Portfolio Strategic Performance Using Key Performance Indicators") they present an approach for developing key strategic performance indicators considering this limitation. On the basis of both broad and in-depth literature review, they propose indicators enabling to measure the achievement of a portfolio's strategic objectives taking into account the From the Editor Christophe N. Bredillet, PhD, DSc, CASR 3PM, Dakar, Senegal


The search for an understanding of how human beings create themselves through their actions arising in their brains inevitably leads to the study of chaos. Deterministic chaos is characterized by complexity that is self-organized in accordance with simple underlying rules. Examples are found at all levels of organization of nervous systems. The search for simple rules is one good reason for using the tools of the theory of chaos to model neural functions. The appropriate level for researchers who are interested in perception, cognition and consciousness is the level of macroscopic neural populations, because in animals from insects to man, that is where the organization of perception and goal-directed behavior with respect to the external environment occurs. The dynamics of these populations is shaped by learning from the sensory consequences of intentional actions, and it uses chaotic attractors in the cerebral cortex to provide the background, "spontaneous" activity that is required for the creation of novel trials in trial-and-error learning. Humans learn by, in and through chaos, and the global dynamical structure of the neural populations constitutes the self. Chaotic Dynamic Brain Function The biology of human brains should be approached first and foremost in terms of how they construct intentional behavior, while enabling humans to know what they are doing, and why. The theory of nonlinear dynamics has greatly expanded our understanding of neural mechanisms by which large-scale patterns of brain activity are self-organized. The new concepts give us fresh insight into the neurodynamics of intentional behavior, how consciousness emerges within the brain, and how brains regulate their own sensory inflow into the cortex (Freeman 1995). The classical stimulus-response paradigm in psychology clearly fails to address the most basic properties of biological intelligence and control, which are its autonomy and its creative powers. Chaotic dynamic systems not only destroy information, they also create it. In previous work (Freeman, 1991)a number of aspects of local field potentials from summed dendritic synaptic potentials (electroencephalograms, "EEGs") and axonal action potentials (nerve impulses) were described. These studies also show that brains are chaotic systems that do not merely "filter" and "process" sensory input. They actively Evian Gordon, Editor 2 Walter J Freeman seek sensory stimuli as raw material from which to create perceptual patterns with awareness that replace stimulus-induced activity. This review sketches the neurodynamics of a prototypical sensory lobe of the brain, the ways in which it is controlled by the forebrain in the mechanisms of attention, the development of the complex system through bifurcations during learning, the formation of classes by generalization, their access by state transitions, and the role of chaos in constructing new attractors in cerebral cortex as the basis for consciousness. Neurodynamics in a Prototypical Sensory System (the olfactory system) The olfactory bulb is a semi-autonomous unit that interacts with other parts of the forebrain by both transmitting information and receiving regulatory feedback. Its endogenous activity persists after it has been surgically isolated from the rest of the brain, which shows that its basic functions are selforganizing. However, its chaotic activity disappears when its parts have been surgically disconnected, showing that its chaos is a global property that is not due to the entrainment of single neurons acting as chaotic generators. The gamma rhythm (20-80 Hz) of the inhalation olfactory rhythm arises from the cyclic interaction of excitatory and inhibitory cell populations, as a consequence of delays imposed by (or measured as) the pulse-wave conversions. Essentially, the excitatory cells drive the inhibitory cells with about a 5 millisecond lag between the onset, to the peak effect. The inhibitory cells, which are partly coupled to the excitatory cells driving them, return inhibition with the same delay. Transmission between the populations is by action potentials. If the feedback system of cells is excited externally by an electrical stimulus (an impulse), whether it is given to the olfactory system or to the neocortex, the output is a damped oscillation at a frequency in the gamma range. This explains the correlation of the EEG with cell firings in the gamma range in the olfactory system and also in the neocortex. When brain function is observed during time spans of minutes to hours, the olfactory dynamic mechanism appears to be robustly stable over a wide range of amplitudes. It can be destabilized by excessive excitation, when it jumps to an alternative stable state. This jump is called a phase transition, because it is analogous to the change from a liquid to a solid state, that is, from a relatively disorganized state to a more ordered state. In the olfactory system, the phase transition has the appearance of a change in the EEG from a chaotic, aperiodic fluctuation to a more regular nearly periodic oscillation. In state space the basal background EEG gives a pattern that looks like a bowl of spaghetti. After the transition, the pattern looks like a doughnut. An example of the orderly state is shown in Figure 1, which is a picture of a simulated EEG trace from a model of the olfactory system during an oscillatory discharge during perception of an odor. The olfactory system can also be destabilized by neurochemical modulatory input from other parts of the brain, as with transition to the stable state of sleep, or with learning. These and related phenomena emphasize the role in neurodynamics of regulatory biases from other parts of the brain onto self-exciting populations in neural system control. Most importantly, learning takes place in rapidly repeated small steps, which cumulatively give the appearance a trajectory in state space that never repeats itself. Proactive Adaptive Dynamics Evian Gordon, Editor 3 Walter J Freeman Some scientists view perception as a late stage of a process that begins with sensory transduction to form representations of stimuli (commonly in the firings of feature detector neurons), proceeds through "binding" of the parallel activity of multiple features to represent objects, and then by the serial processes of filtering, normalizing, matching with representations retrieved from storage for pattern completion and classification. Perception is completed upon the binding of the representations of an object from the multiple sensory systems, and after an appropriate value or meaning has been attached to the fused image. An alternative view, in which a percept is a goaldirected action that is organized by large scale neural interactions in the limbic system. Such action is intentional, in that it forms within a framework of space and time that has been constructed from recent and remote experiences of action and its sequellae, and it constitutes "stretching forth" into the world, in order to shape the self in accordance with what is there (Freeman 1995). The motor 'commands' that issue through the septum and amygdala are accompanied by preafferent 'corollary discharges' sent by the limbic system to all of the sensory cortices, which constitute attention by shaping the dynamic sensitivities of the cortices, in respect to the anticipated changes in sensory inflow that will follow the intended actions. Thus the sensory systems are already primed to respond in selective ways to the stimuli that are being sought through listening, looking, sniffing, etc. Closure of the action-perception cycle takes place following the de-stabilization of the sensory cortices, their construction by nonlinear dynamic interactions of spatial patterns of activity, the convergence of these patterns into the limbic system, whence issued the request for input, and finally the updating of the limbic activity. Brain theory suggests that the cyclical process of emergent goalseeking, preafference, and sensory feedback constitutes the basis for what we perceive subjectively as attentiveness leading to consciousness. This inference is supported by the state of "absence", when the normal chaotic dynamics is suppressed, for example in an epileptic state. The construction of each pattern is guided by a chaotic attractor, which was formed during learning. Perceptions are triggered by stimuli, but they are shaped by connectivity patterns that were laid down during the past learning, and by neural messages from the limbic system that modulate the attractor landscapes of the sensory cortices. The images of memory are not "stored and retrieved" as in computer systems. The construction of a pattern following a stimulus is not a representation of the stimulus. It is a retrieval of the history of past experience and present significance of the stimulus for the subject receiving it, which is done by a creative construction in the limbic forge (Figure 2). The dynamics revealed in these systems may assist us to understand the mechanisms of perceptual disorders that are found in attentional deficits, hallucinations, and more generally the failure of communication among humans. Learning and Brain Dynamics Learning in animals usually occurs when a reward or punishment accompanies a novel stimulus. If reinforcement is not given, then habituation takes place, by which the neural system decreases its sensitivity to the stimulus on repeated presentations. The decay rate of the impulse response increases, showing an increase in stabilization. This process is fully reversible. It is likely that learning is always a combination of processes for association and habituation. Input that is wanted is reinforced, and input that is unwanted is habituated. Both processes are necessary for learning. Connection strengths change only in the excitatory net in accordance with a modified version of--the Evian Gordon, Editor 4 Walter J Freeman Hebb rule. The syst


Globalization puts new demands on world of work and work force. In order to prepare young people for new working conditions we need to educate and counsel them so they can make effective vocational choices. In this paper author discuss attributes of career education and career counseling. She brings some notes on development of vocational concept and continues with list of vocational inventories that can help career educators and counselors to better support individuals while making their career choices.


When the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program was designed, the government publicly promised to limit to five years the giving of the education and health grants. This five-year limit is almost over for the first set of beneficiaries by 2013. The natural policy question then is: Would it be wise to keep the promise or would an extension be better? This paper presents five arguments and evidence why the extension of the program is better than keeping the promise to limit it to five years. The five arguments include: (a) the problems that the Pantawid had been designed to address continue to be high priority issues; (b) Pantawid remains credible as an effective and valuable instrument for poverty alleviation in the short run and for reducing the transmission of intergenerational poverty in the long run; (c) the extension could provide great opportunities to produce a much greater positive impact on the welfare of the poor; (d) the extension could buy much-needed time for developing and implementing an adequate and workable transition promotion strategy to help beneficiaries outgrow their need for CCT assistance and, therefore, facilitate its termination; and (e) secondary education enrollment and completion produces high returns in terms of increased earning and is achievable with a moderate amount of subsidy. The paper ends with cautionary notes including articulating that Pantawid remains a bridging program; the need for a careful study to ensure affordability and maximize its cost effectiveness; the need to continue to generate better estimates of key parameters such as income elasticities; and possible phasing for affordability and recognition of possible supply-side constraints.


A method based on ant colony algorithm was proposed for the path planning of an inspection robot which moves among several checkpoints. The path planning problem was simplified to minimize the path which connects every point by applying the grid method and the visibility graph method. Then an ant colony optimization algorithm was used to optimize the path between two checkpoints and the orders to arrive. The algorithm steps of the proposed path planning based on ant colony algorithm was described. Simulation result shows that the method presented in this paper obtain the optimization path and solve the path planning problem of the inspection robot.


Abstract Background/Purpose: Entrepreneurial education can have a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention of university students, yet universities in Jordan still do not direct their attention to invest in Entrepreneurial education. This study aims to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial education and Culture on entrepreneurial intention through psychological empowerment of university students. Methodology: A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 220 university students in Jordan who take any course in entrepreneurship. Data were analysed and hypotheses were tested through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The analysis of the study showed that; entrepreneurial education has a significant influence on psychological empowerment, psychological empowerment has a significant influence on entrepreneurial intentions, culture has a significant influence on psychological empowerment, entrepreneurial education has a significant influence on entrepreneurial intention and culture has a significant influence on entrepreneurial intention. The results of the study answer the calls of previous research to examine the role of culture and psychological empowerment in entrepreneurial education to affect entrepreneurial intention. Conclusion: Universities in Jordan should focus more on entrepreneurial education by psychologically empowering students to increase their intentions towards entrepreneurship. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a better understanding of the relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intention through culture and psychological empowerment.


In this paper, the existing vessel power system topology model is simplified and constructed,and the theory of complex network is applied to calculate the network parameters under different network topology states. It is analyzed how the parameters are changed when the topology structure of network is adjusted,however,the total number of loads remains the same. In this way,it provides an explanation of the rationality of the current design of vessel power system in the theory. At the meanwhile,the study lays theory foundation for future design of vessel power system.


This present common knowledge about the role of occupational exposures in the development of COPD has not been without controversy and is generally accepted only for less than two decades.1 This is because the dominant cause of COPD in high-income countries is cigarette smoking. Despite the biological plausibility of other inhaled agents being causally implicated, only the role of tobacco smoke was accepted as a cause of COPD in the mid-1980s.2 3 At that time, chronic non-malignant lung disease characterised by airflow limitation became more common in occupational population studies as the incidence of TB and pneumoconiosis were decreasing in major heavy industries (mining, foundries). But it was not commonly accepted that occupational dust and fumes exposures could be a cause of this group of diseases, the reasons being that obstructive respiratory disease are multifactorial diseases, strongly associated to non-occupational factors. As a result, a heated discussion existed at that time in the literature on the role of occupational exposures in relation to what we now refer to as COPD. In the case of coal workers, perhaps the best studied occupational group at that time, some argued that airflow limitations were of minor degree and not sufficient to impair lung function and disable the worker unless he was a smoker as well.4–6 Others disagreed and argued that clinically relevant decreased in lung function could result from a lifetime exposure to coalmine dust.2 3 Some suggested that the lung function declines …


About oil-pumping units,energy saving of oil-pumping units is concerned.There is not an efficient method of energy saving.Heater of oil-pumping consumes much pouer,the reduction of which is an important approach towards energy saving.In view of energy saving problem of oil-pumping units,the article summarizes existing methods of heater control,proposes a new control method of heater of oil-pumping based on pumping rod force.The new control method accomplishes measurement of pumping rod force and control loop of heater.Consumed power of heater is adjusted,so as to cut down consume power of walk-beam oil-pumping units.Data shows the new method is good,when walk-beam oil-pumping units run in the normal course,oil output is lifted usually,and the efficiency of oil-pumping energy saving is increased clearly.


Abstract Based on complex electro-optical and dielectric measurements, the processes of low frequency relaxation in PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals) films have been studied. Experimental data are presented to investigate PDLC structure and its evolution with increase in LC concentration. These results are found to be in good agreement with observational data taken from polarization microscopy.


An 82-year-old woman presented with a biopsyconfirmed primary micronodular basal cell carcinoma on the left upper lip. Physical examination revealed an ill-defined, 0.8by 0.8-cm hypopigmented indurated papule on the left cutaneous upper lip extending through the vermilion border. Excision of the lesion required two stages of Mohs micrographic surgery and produced a 1.8by 1.2-cm partial-thickness defect involving the cutaneous upper and vermilion lip (Figure 1). How would you repair this defect?


The differential diagnosis between rheumatic mitral regurgitation(MR) and mitral valve prolapse(MVP) is important both in respect of management and requirements of prophylaxis. It has been suggested, that MR of rheumatic origin(RF) is often associated with echocardiographic(Echo) findings of MVP. Furthermore, septal/posterior left ventricular(LV) wall ratio is reportedly increased in patients(pts) with MVP.Twenty echos from pts with MR with proven RF(median age-12.5y) and 20 echos of pts with clinical findings of MVP(median age-13y) were studied. MVP was observed in 4 of 20pts with RF. Of these four, 2pts had evidence of increased left atrial(LA) and left ventricular end-diastolic(LVED) dimension. LA size(M±SD) in pts with RF was 2.99±0.66 and for pts with MVP 2.23±0.49 (p< 0.001). The LVED dimension (M±SD) was 4.58±0.88 for pts with RF and 4.12±0.67 for pts with MVP(p<0.01). Whereas 7 of 20 pts with rheumatic MR had both increased LA and LVED dimensions, this did not occur in MVP. Septal/posterior LV wall ratio was normal in both rheumatic and MVP groups.It is concluded, that isolated MVP without increased LA and LV dimension is a rare finding in pts with acute or chronic rheumatic mitral valve disease. Non-rheumatic MVP in children is most often an isolated echo manifestation without significant incidence of severe MR or asymmetric septal hypertrophy.


In Chu bamboo slips literatures, "虖", "(虎口)"and"(虍壬)" can be used as both notional and function words. When used as notional words, they have different usages; when used as function words, their usages can be the same or different. "虖" and "(虍壬)"are found in literatures before the period of Chu bamboo slips and have they inheritor, while (虍壬)" is found only in unearthed literatures of the Period of Warring States. The three Chinese characters don't appear in the handed-down books that are of the same time and area as those of Chu bamboo slips literatures, suggesting that there are changes after that historical period.


Abstract. The time-series station, SEATS (18° N, 116° E) in the South China Sea was visited six times during October 2006–December 2008 to carry out seawater sampling and floating trap deployments for the determination of distributions and fluxes of POC, PIC, PN, 234Th, 210Pb, and 210Po in the upper 200 m of the water column. Radionuclide deficiencies resulted in removal fluxes from the euphotic layer of 1.1×103–1.8×103 dpm m−2d−1 and 7.1–40.2 dpm m−2d−1 for 234Th and 210Po, respectively. Due to atmospheric input, an excess of 210Pb relative to 226Ra is commonly observed in the upper water column. Sinking fluxes of total mass, POC, PIC, PN, 234Th, 210Pb, and 210Po measured at the euphotic depth were low in summer-fall and high in winter-spring, reflecting the seasonal variability of biological pumping. Excluding the suspiciously low primary productivity data point in July 2007, a relatively high e-ratio of 0.28–0.69 was estimated by the ratio of the POC flux at the euphotic depth and the integrated primary productivity. The ratios of 234Th, 210Pb, and 210Po to organic carbon, inorganic carbon, and nitrogen in the sinking particles were combined with the disequilibria of 234Th–238U, 210Pb–226Ra, and 210Po–210Pb to estimate export fluxes of POC, PIC, and PN from the euphotic layer. Compared with measured fluxes by the sediment trap and estimated fluxes by other approaches, it is concluded that the export production in the South China Sea, ranging from 1.8 to 21.3 mmol-C m−2d−1, can be reasonably estimated using 234Th, 210Pb, and 210Po as carbon proxies.


VENULET [1934] was the first to observe that NH3 administered orally renders the blood system actually more acid. The researches of Venulet et al. [1936] showed that there was a fall in the alkali reserve of the blood after oral and intravenous administration of NH3. These researches established a hitherto unexpected influence of added NH3 on the chemical composition of the blood in the living subject. Keith & Whelan [1926] administered 100 g. of NH4C1 intravenously to dogs, and after 2 hr. could find no changes in the ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) in the blood. The amount of urea present simultaneously increased considerably. The removal ofthe liver was not followed by any increase in the quantity in the blood. In disagreement with these authors, Sasaki Takema [1936] observed an increase in the blood NH3 of dogs after intravenous injections of NH4Cl. Pugsley & Anderson [1934] reported enhanced diuresis and a higher blood Ca content in rats after the oral administration of 250 mg. of NH4C1. Alwall et al. [1936] noticed that the introduction of NH3 into the stomach of rabbits evokes strong acidification but that introduction into the duodenum has absolutely no influence on the alkali reserve of the blood. As in both experiments marked symptoms of poisoning appeared, there can be no doubt that the NH3 undergoes absorption. The acidifying action of NH3 when introduced into the stomach is explained by the authors thus: the NH3 is neutralized in the stomach and enters the blood in the form of NH4C1. These workers hence confirm the critical remarks of Parnas [1927] with regard to Venulet's paper that the effect of the acidifying action of NH3 orally is really due to the working of the stomach. Lazzaro [1934] reported enhanced blood NH3 in some diseases, such as hepatic cirrhosis, acute yellow atrophy of the liver, asthma, and pulmonary tuberculosis. Galloro [1932] noted an increase in blood NH3 in a state of exhaustion, starvation and after intravenous injections of ovalbumin. Glucose administered orally to the extent of 1 g. per kg. live-weight prevents the increase in blood NH3 caused by fatigue. The object of the present work was to investigate the influence of oral administration of ammonium salts (NH4Cl) and of ammonia on blood NH3 and urea. METHODS


Polynyas are areas of open water surrounded by ice that are kept from freezing by the combined effects of wind, tidal fluctuations and upwellings (Nutt 1969; Sadler 1974; Dunbar 1981). Although the locations of many annually recurring polynyas in the High Arctic are well known (Smith & Rigby 1981), almost nothing is understood about the aquatic processes that occur there (Stirling 1980; Stirling et al. 1981). Since the early explorers and whalers first penetrated the waters of northern Canada, the close association of biological activity with polynyas has been noted (Dunbar & Dunbar 1972). Today, recurring polynyas are recognized to be of critical importance in providing winter refuge for marine mammals (Kiliaan & Stirling 1978; Finley & Renaud 1980; Stirling 1980; Stirling et al. 1981) and as staging grounds for feeding and reproduction of migrant birds during the spring (Renaud & Bradstreet 1980; Prach et al. 1981; Brown & Nettleship 1981; McLaren 1982). Because the natural diet of Inuit and their PalaeoEskimo predecessors was completely dependent on animals, it is not surprising that the concentration of game around polynyas likewise attracted these top-level "predators" in both historic and prehistoric times (McMillan 1918; Schlederman 1980; Sutherland 1991). Unfortunately, knowledge of the biological significance of polynyas is still limited to only a number of anecdotal, qualitative accounts. The present study, which undertook a 550-kilometer ground survey along the eastern coast of Ellesmere Island (latitude 80? 33' to 760 7' N), documents the role of polynyas in quantitatively structuring the ecological integrity of marine arctic communities. Unlike previous studies, the present investigation compares, by way of transect, the abundance and species richness of wildlife within polynyas to that of other areas during the spring when the polynyas are still bounded by vast expanses of stable sea ice. Many of the biases, inconsistencies, and inaccuracies implicit in aerial census techniques (see Caughley 1974) were circumvented through use of a ground-based survey, the first modern such investigation of extensive regions along the eastern coast of Ellesmere Island.


Abstract The purpose of this presentation is to identify burden and problems experienced by caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). AD results in gradual deterioration of cognition, language, and memory that can impact an individual's ability to independently perform daily functional activities (CDC, 2019). The role of caregivers is significant in providing assistance to the patients with chronic AD which can be a source of strain for caregiver population. About 16.3 million informal AD caregivers have spent 18.5 billion hours, which is equal to value of $234 billion, to assist patients with other dementia types and AD in 2018 (Alzheimer's Association, 2019). In-depth literature synthesis was carried out using multiple databases. Recent and relevant articles were selected to be added in the review. Due to responsibility of constant vigilance of AD patients, the caregivers may overlook their self-care needs and detach themselves from social life. Literature analysis revealed common challenges and needs of AD care partners including limited social engagement, concerns of sexuality, and sleep problems. Understanding caregiver problems will help nurses and other health care professionals to support families by planning preventive measures. Resources can be invested to improve physical and mental well-being of caregivers. Researches can be planned to bridge the knowledge gap identified through literature review on this topic. References Alzheimer's Association. (2019). Alzheimer's disease caregivers. http://act.alz.org/site/DocServer/caregivers_fact_sheet.pdf?docID=3022 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Alzheimer's disease and healthy aging. https://www.cdc.gov/aging/aginginfo/alzheimers.htm


In the Netherlands a special type of dike protection exists: a single layer of pitched natural rock. These rocks were pitched one by one and put together in such a way that they form a single tightly packed, but porous layer. But how stable are they? Can they resist a storm with a extreme high return period? And for the assessment of that, can we estimate the weight of the rock in situ in a non-destructive way? First a method is given to assess rock weight in situ by measuring three sizes. Then a minimum stability function has been developed.


Background: Heparanase is involved in the pathology of many diseases. Results: Heparanase cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharides in either consecutive or gapped cleavage mode. Conclusion: The susceptibility of glycosidic linkage bonds to heparanase degradation is sensitive to the nonreducing end saccharide structure of the cleavage site. Significance: The results will help us to understand the pathophysiological effects of HS that arise from heparanase activity. Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly sulfated polysaccharide that serves many biological functions, including regulating cell growth and inflammatory responses as well as the blood coagulation process. Heparanase is an enzyme that cleaves HS and is known to display a variety of pathophysiological effects in cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer disease. The link between heparanase and diseases is a result of its selective cleavage of HS, which releases smaller HS fragments to enhance cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Despite its importance in pathological diseases, the structural cues in HS that direct heparanase cleavage and the steps of HS depolymerization remain unknown. Here, we sought to probe the substrate specificity of heparanase using a series of structurally defined oligosaccharide substrates. The sites of heparanase cleavage on the oligosaccharide substrates were determined by mass spectrometry and gel permeation chromatography. We discovered that heparanase cleaves the linkage of glucuronic acid linked to glucosamine carrying 6-O-sulfo groups. Furthermore, our findings suggest that heparanase displays different cleavage modes by recognizing the structures of the nonreducing ends of the substrates. Our results deepen the understanding of the action mode of heparanase.


Amplitudes for eta and eta'..--> pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/..gamma.., K/sub e//sub 4/, ..omega --> pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/..pi../sup 0/, and ..gamma --> pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/..pi../sup 0/ are constructed that respect the low-energy chiral-anomaly theorems but also have realistic vector-meson pole continuations to physical energies, respecting the well satisfied Kawarabayashi-Suzuki-Riazuddin-Fayyazuddin relation. The amplitudes are compared to experiment, with good results, verifying the need for the current-algebra ''contact'' term.


This main focus of this study is to analysis the effect of the company ownership and company growth on audit report lag. The target sample of this study consists of companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2014-2018. This study using purposive sampling method to collected data. There are 428 companies that required and proceed with panel regression to analyze the effect of independent variable on dependen variable. The result however show that only foreign ownership has significant impact on audit report lag, but managerial ownership, institutional ownership, company growth, and ownership concentration has insignificant impact on audir report lag.


Bird strike is a terrible but common incident in aviation. There is, however, a lack of systematic approaches for real-time bird strike risk assessment at present. This paper provides a novel method for bird strike risk assessment at airports with the detected data (e.g. data from radar systems), including the estimation of bird strike probability and collision severity. The Lévy flight model, an influential random walk model in bird foraging behaviour research, is adopted for the bird strike probability estimation. After dividing the area around the airport into a square matrix, the Lévy flight model is modified by the Chapman Kolmogorov equation. Meanwhile, the estimation of collision severity is based on the bird mass. The proposed method is applied to Dalian Zhoushuizi Airport with simulated bird data. The simulated results demonstrate the efficiency and real-time performance of our method.


Through the case study "Kaminante (KNT)", a Latin American contemporary artistic project conceived by the Ecuadorian collective "papelito no mas es" (2014-2015), I intend to show the nomadic methodology that we developed and that made the conceptual and material existence of this work possible. The intention of this work is to show creative (im)possibilities and (dis)abilities when practicing the walking art, also conformed by other artistic languages. For this, I will make an examination of my own reflexive digressions, in order to distinguish and highlight elements that contribute to the debate on contemporary art in this region. Far from clarifying or leading to something conclusive, I intend to activate old and new questions around the methodology and artistic process. KNT is a contribution we are willing to share in this context.


Background: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is considered a prognostic marker which may reflect an underlying inflammatory process. This marker can be used as a predictor for macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Aim of the study: was to investigate the relation between RDW and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes and it is relation to other inflammatory marker high sensitivity Creactive protein (hs-CRP). Subjects and methods: This study is a cross-sectional study of 75 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 15 healthy controls. All subjects underwent thorough history, clinical examination and investigations including measurement of hs-CRP and calculation of RDW. Results: In the present study RDW was found to be elevated in diabetic patients with macrovascular complications (15.251±1.77) as compared to those without macrovascular complications with statistically significant difference (p =0.04). Also RDW was found to be elevated in diabetic patients with microvascular complications but this was not statistically significant (p= 0.87). HsCRP was elevated in diabetic patients with macroand microvascular complications (3.12±4.06) with statistically significant difference as compared to control group (p =0.02). There was significant positive correlation between hsCRP and HbA1c. Also positive correlations were found between RDW and hs-CRP. Conclusion: High levels of RDW are associated with increase risk of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. [Heba Sherif, Nagwa Ramadan, Mona Radwan, Enas Hamdy and Rabab Reda. Red Cell Distribution Width as a Marker of Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Life Sci J 2013;10(4):32-39] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5


This paper deals with one new species of the genus Xestocephalus Van Duzee: X. pianmaensis, sp. nov. All the type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University. Xestocephalus pianmaensis, sp. nov. (Figs. 1~5) Length (incl. Teg.): ♂4.0 mm,♀4.1 mm. This new species is similar to Xestocephalus japonicus Ishihara in appearance and colour pattern, but can be distinguished from the latter by the followings characterstics: 1) forewing with clear black streak; 2) base of aedeagus without spine; 3) the apex of style with teeth. Holotype: ♂, Pianma (26 05'N, 98 40'E), Yunnan Province, 17-Ⅷ-2000, coll. LI Zi-zhong; Paratype: 1♀, same data as holotype.


This paper introduces a design of the asynchronous serial interface detection apparatus. The device communicates with the host computer via the serial interface. Firstly, the PC control produces a particular signal source and provides the source data to the asynchronous serial communication module. Meanwhile the PC uses the device to generate fetch clock to bring back PCM stream data and send back to the host computer to carry on the analysis. At last it detects the communication process in order to detain some outcomes.


Active vibration control using regenerated vibration energy, i. e., self-powered active control, is proposed. In the self-powered active control system, vibration energy is regenerated by an electric generator, which is called an energy regenerative damper, and is stored in the condenser. An actuator achieves active vibration control using the energy stored in a condenser. In order to ]control output force of the actuator, the variable resistance whose value can be controlled by a computer is utilized. On experiments, the self-powered active control was achieved and its isolation performance was examined, in comparison with that of a semi-active and a passive control system. It is proved that the self-powered active control has better isolation performance than the semi-active and the passive control system.


We [examine] whether, how and under what conditions political parties publicly articulate matters of European integration and encourage contestation over Europe. Based on a content-analysis of parties' televised advertising spots during the 2009 EP election campaign in six countries (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK), we find evidence that EU issues and actors are more prominent on the campaign agenda in countries with many Euroskeptic parties. Euroskeptic and non-Euroskeptic parties co-orient themselves towards each other in their EU articulation. Finally, contestation over Europe exists in the realm of identity politics: right-wing fringe parties (and in some countries also mainstream parties) characterize the EU as a threat to national sovereignty and identity, whereas left-wing mobilization against the EU on economic matters is hardly visible. [R, abr.]


Abstract:In a few of his 1904–6 pragmaticist formulations of the pragmatic maxim, Peirce instructs us to look not only at the consequences of affirming some claim or concept, but also at the consequences of denying it. While Peirce isn't forthcoming about why he includes the consequences of denying claims, I argue that this inclusion is important, indeed prescient, and also under-appreciated. Specifically, after aligning these later formulations of the pragmatic maxim with bilateral tableau systems of logical proof, I show how they serve to defuse an objection that Brandom has raised against the semantic project of the classical pragmatists, namely, that it subscribes to an insufficiently one-sided view of meaning. I close by showing how Peirce's bilateral expressions of the pragmatic maxim also align with his existential graphs, suggesting that these expressions could well have been key to his attempt to provide a formal demonstration of pragmatism's correctness.


The geometries, energies, and vibrational frequencies of various isomers of XO(4)(m-)(H2O)n, x = Cl, Br, Se, As, V; n = 0-6, m = 1-3 are calculated at various levels up to MP2/6-31+G*. These properties are studied as a function of increasing cluster size. The experimental and theoretical vibrational spectra are compared where available.


We investigate homogeneous freezing of aqueous aerosol particles, a fundamental ice formation process in cirrus clouds. We estimate freezing time scales and vertical extensions of freezing layers, demonstrating that such freezing events are highly transient and localized. While time scales decrease with increasing vertical velocity driving ice nucleation, layer depths are weak functions of the vertical velocity. Our results are used to discuss possible effects of turbulent diffusion and entrainment‐mixing on homogeneous freezing in cirrus. Large turbulent diffusivity acts to broaden water vapor‐depleted freezing layers and facilitate sedimentation of freshly nucleated ice crystals out of them into ice‐supersaturated air. Homogeneous freezing events could be affected by microscale turbulence in episodes of intense turbulence dissipation rates, although such episodes are rare. We conjecture that freezing layers are broader in the case of heterogeneous ice nucleation and effects of sedimentation on nucleation increase in importance. Our findings point to the difficulty of inferring nucleated cirrus ice crystal numbers from measurements and place tight constraints on cirrus models with regard to spatial and temporal resolution.


The successful implementation of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system in any organisation can be affected the culture within the organisation, which could be a characteristic of the culture within a particular society. Implementing an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is a major cultural change for any organization. This paper explores the impact of culture in the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems based on a literature review. The review categorizes cultural factors affecting ERP implementation and identifies some cultural factors that inhibits from prioritizing their implementation efforts, and resources in order to achieve a successful ERP implementation process.


: Aviation Psychology is an area of activity that counts on the presence of many psychologists, although it is not so widespread within the category and is not yet considered a specialty. This research is characterized as a bibliographical research, with the objective of identifying what we are producing about Aviation Psychology, based on a survey of papers presented at the Psychology Congress: Science and Profession . Data collection took place between October and November 2017, with five studies being selected and analyzed. It can be seen that 2010 and 2014 were the years of greatest production on Aviation Psychology; the scientific poster modality was the one with the most papers presented. It appears that, in Brazil, Aviation Psychology is an area whose discussion is still small. During the research, the existence of the Brazilian Association of Psychology in Aviation was identified, which, since 2013, has held events for the dissemination and promotion of the area. It is hoped that this research will contribute to the development and recognition of this field of application of Psychology.


Let A be a commutative semisimple F-algebra with identity, and let D0, DI, * be a system of derivations from A into the algebra of all continuous functions on the spectrum of A. It is shown that the transformations Do, DI, * * * are necessarily continuous. This result is used to obtain a characterization of derivations on Hol(Q) where Q is an open polynomially convex subset of Cn. Introduction. In [4] Gulick proves that if Do, D1, * ** Dn is a system of derivations from a commutative semisimple regular Falgebra into C(S(A)), the algebra of all continuous functions on the spectrum S(A) of A, then the functions Do, D1, * * , Dn are all continuous. This theorem is not as general as might be hoped for, since the regularity condition is far too restrictive. It precludes, for example, the existence of analytic structure in the algebra, while algebras of analytic functions are among the most interesting algebras which have derivations. It is shown in this paper that the regularity condition is superfluous. We use a lemma proved by Johnson [5] and a technique we developed in [2] to prove the more general theorem that if A is a commutative semisimple F-algebra and Do, Di, * * * is a system of derivations from A into C(S(A)), then each of the Di, i = ,1, . . , is necessarily continuous. This theorem allows us to characterize derivations on Hol(Q) for Q an open polynomially convex subset of Cn. Preliminaries. An F-algebra is an algebra over the complex numbers which is a complete T2 topological space with respect to a topology determined by a countable family of multiplicative seminorms {I -11i}, i = 1, 2, * . . No generality is lost if the seminorms are assumed to be increasing. That is, we may assume l jj for i= 1, 2, * v. In this paper we will always assume that the algebras under consideration are commutative and have identities. The Presented to the Society, January 24, 1971 under the title Systems of derivations and algebras of functions; received by the editors December 2, 1970. AMS 1969 subject classifications. Primary 4650.


The characteristic of soil quality during the vegetation succession process about rocky desertification in Karst regions of Guangxi was studied by using the method of the spatial sequence instead of the time series.Taking Chengjiang small watershed in Du'an County of Guangxi was chosen as an example,four stages of the reversal succession process about rocky desertification were chosen,including the typical plots of the arbor,shrub,bushes and short grass.The chemical and biological characters of soil and further discuss repair state of soil quality during the vegetation succession process about rocky desertification were studied.The results showed that different succession stage led to the remarkable discrepancy of the chemical and biological character of soil.With the improvement of each soil index during the developing process of the vegetation to higher stage,soil quality generally presents improved state.With the positive succession of vegetation,soil quality presented the rising trend.The positive evolution of natural vegetation was an effective path of improving the soil quality and it just contrasted with the process of rocky desertification.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture point injection of angelica injection combined with super-laser irradiation treatment of sciatica,and to compare its effect with that of ultra-pure laser irradiation. Methods A total of 120 cases met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 2 groups. Patients in the treatment group were treated with acupuncture point injection of angelica injection combined with super-laser irradiation treatment (n=60). Patients in the control group were only treated with the super-laser therapy (n=60). The methods and treatment time of super-laser irradiation were the same in both groups. Patients from both group were scored in accordance with the visual analog scale (VAS) before and after the treatment. Results The total effective rate of treatment group was 96.67%,and the control group was 88.33%. The efficacy differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (P0.01). The VAS score of 2 groups after treatment were both lower than that before treatment (P0.01). However,the long-term effect of treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group (P0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture point injection of angelica injection combined with super-laser irradiation treatment of sciatica is better than simple use of ultra-laser treatment.


Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a pleiotropic autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with associated immunodeficiency and cancer predisposition, caused by mutational inactivation of the ATM gene. Early death usually results from lymphoreticular malignancy or recurrent, chronic respiratory infections. Immune deficiency of AT patients is heterogeneous and involves both humoral and cellular responses. Reports on the number and integrity of immunocompetent cells in AT are conflicting. In the early phase of infection, the interleukin (IL)‐12/interferon (IFN)‐γ axis plays a crucial role in first‐line defence against pathogens. In a whole blood assay we studied the IL‐12/IFN‐γ axis in the immune response of AT cells to the Toll‐like receptor agonists lipopolysaccharide and heat‐killed Staphylococcus aureus, as well as whole live M. bovis bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG). The function of AT antigen‐presenting cells was normal in terms of IL‐12 production, while IFN‐γ production by T and natural killer (NK) cells was severely impaired, even in the presence of adequate co‐stimulation by exogenous IL‐12.


Ionic liquid viscosity is one of the most important properties to consider for practical applications. Yet, the connection between local structure and viscosity remains an open question. This article explores the structural origin of differences in the viscosity and viscoelastic relaxation across several ionic liquids, including cations with alkyl, ether, and thioether tails, of the imidazolium and pyrrolidinium families coupled with the NTf2– anion. In all cases, for the systems studied here, we find that pyrrolidinium-based ions are "harder" than their imidazolium-based counterparts. We make a connection between the chemical concept of hardness vs softness and specific structural and structural dynamic quantities that can be derived from scattering experiments and simulations.


A plug-in LED (Light-Emitting Diode) fluorescent lamp driving power supply device comprises an LED fluorescent lamp body; wherein high-efficiency SMD (Surface Mount Device) LED tubes are arranged in the lamp body, and the high-efficiency SMD LED tubes are combined via a series-parallel connection way and welded on an LTCC (Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic) substrate in order, in order to achieve the effect of heat dissipation; an external power supply driving box provides a DC (Direct Current) power supply for the LED fluorescent lamp body, the LED fluorescent lamp body is electrically connected with the external power supply driving box through a plug-in connection terminal; the external power supply driving box is provided with a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) power supply control board therein, the PCB power supply control board is provided with an AC (Alternating Current) power supply input end and a DC (Direct Current) power supply output end, the AC power supply input end is welded on the PCB board through a female end of a plug-in binding post, a commercial power AC input is connected to a male end of the plug-in binding post; and the DC power supply output end is welded with the male end of the plug-in binding post, the female end of the plug-in binding post is welded on the LED lamp body, the DC power supply output end is electrically connected with the LED lamp body through the plug-in binding post, so as to provide the power supply for the LED fluorescent lamp.


The meaning and definition of bilingualism varies tremendously from one situation to the other. TheWebster Dictionary (1961) defines bilingualism as having or using two languages especially as spokenwith the frequency characteristics of a native speaker; a person using two languages especiallyhabitually and with control like that of a native speaker.


An article is a continuation of literature review concerning the titled polyurethane (PUR) modifiers. The effects of modifiers' structures {the lengths of hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments of PUR chain, molecular weight distributions of hydrophilic segments and the features of substrates used in PUR syntheses [type of diisocyanate, substitution degree of hydroxyl groups in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEG)]} on the efficiency of modification of rheological properties of aqueous polymeric dispersions (Fig. 1) were discussed. Dependence of this efficiency on the factors not related to modifiers' structures, namely additional presence of organic solvent in the system (Fig. 2), surfactant or PUR modifier content was also characterized.


Abstract Observations made with the current and proposed narrowband shortwave channels aboard the NOAA series of satellites were simulated for a number of different surfaces (ocean, vegetative land, desert, cloud and snow) using the ATRAD radiation model to study the relative merit of each channel and, in various combinations to predict the broadband albedo. Solar zenith angles were varied over the range from 0 to 60 degrees. The results indicated that for all of the surfaces considered there would be no significant difference in predicting the broadband albedo with either the current (0.58–0.68 μn) or proposed (0.58–0.68 μm) channel 1 of the AVHRR. The proposed narrower channel 2(0.84–0.87 μm), however, would be a better predictor than the current wider channel 2(0.725–1.0 μm). Channel 1 is better than channel 2 for surfaces of low or moderate reflectivity, while over snow, the error in using channel 2 would be less than half of that for channel 1. Combining channels 1 and 2 would reduce the error by abo...


In the past decade job enrichment has been used extensively with blue collar workers, and it can be used in marketing to increase an employee's motivation and satisfaction with his job.


Adam Smith was the first economist to use interval estimates in an application involving economic analysis. In general, the expected value and/or expected utility (subjective expected utility) rules can't be applied in the real world of decision making because there is missing evidence.


Pearson correlations of scores on two instruments for preschool assessment with first-grade achievement scores taken 2 yr. later were compared across sex for 44 boys and 45 girls seen initially at Kindergarten entry. Correlations between WPPSI IQs and scores from concurrently administered WRAT subtests were compared across sex for 30 boys and 30 girls referred by regular classroom teachers for school psychological services. Lack of significant differences in the comparisons supports these instruments as equally valid predictors of achievement for boys and girls.


In order to explore the feature of frozen soil thawing based on CT scanning, the experiment is carried out under the indoor temperature of 20°C. The sample of frozen soil which is -27°C is taken into isothermal air to melt by natural convection. And the CT images are obtained by X-ray scan, and at the same time, its temperature-time history is recorded. The curve of grayscale-time is acquired by counted CT images at each moment, and compared with its temperature time history. The results show that the average grayscale increases obviously with temperature rising and thawing in frozen soil. However after sample thaws completely, the average grayscale is not practically changing even temperature still rising. A break point is obviously observed in the graph of grayscale-time at the moment of phase-transition finished, which is considered as a symbol of the completion of frozen soil melting.


By examining how executive compensation structure determines corporate acquisition decisions, we document a strong positive relation between acquiring managers' equity-based compensation (EBC) and stock price performance around and following acquisition announcements. This relation is highly robust when we control for acquisition mode (mergers), means of payment, managerial ownership, and previous option grants. Compared to low EBC managers, high EBC managers pay lower acquisition premiums, acquire targets with higher growth opportunities, and make acquisitions engendering larger increases in firm risk. EBC significantly explains postacquisition stock price performance even after controlling for acquisition mode, means of payment, and "glamour" versus "value" acquirers. Copyright The American Finance Association 2001.


Hollenberg, George J., and James N. Norris. The Red Alga Polysiphonia (Rhodomelaceae) in the Northern Gulf of California. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, number 1,21 pages, 10 figures, 1977.—Taxonomic studies of Polysiphonia show 14 species to be present in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico. One of these, P. sphaerocarpa var. cheloniae is described herein as a new variety, and is found growing exclusively on the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas L. This and three other species are recorded for the first time in the Gulf of California. The distribution of six other species is extended. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Seascape along the Atlantic coast. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hollenberg, George J. The red alga Polysiphonia (Rhodomelaceae) in the northern Gulf of California. (Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences ; no. 1) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.29:37 1. Polysiphonia. 2. Algae—Mexico—California, Gulf of. I. Norris, James N., joint author. II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences ; no. 1. QK569.R37H64 589'.41 76-608299


Electromyography (EMG) signal is a biomedical signal that is used to measure the electrical current generated in muscles during neuromuscular activities. This paper presents a method which uses EMG signals collected from biceps brachii muscles to identify Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) disease using machine learning method. The work presents basic analysis and classification of EMG signals recorded from healthy and ALS subjects for automated screening of ALS disease using signal processing. Some characteristics of EMG signals such as maximum amplitude and mean of amplitude are strategically quantified and classified by using neural network classifier to automate the diagnosis of ALS Disease. Experiments were carried on the EMG database created under EMG Lab, United States and results are encouraging. The experiment result indicates enough discrimination between ALS and healthy EMG signals for automated screening.


We report emission data from 1/spl times/100 and 2/spl times/100 arrays showing focusing. Emission patterns on screen were expected to be approximately circular. However, we consistently observed elongated emission patterns and football shaped images. One explanation is a focusing mechanism associated with the layout of the emitters. This assumption is verified by EGUN2 simulation.<<ETX>>


Renewed interest in the sonic box method is prompted by the possibility of near-sonic flights. For aeroelastic applications, the sonic box methods however would be limited by their applicability. They are based on a velocity-potential formulation, thus the wake domain must be modeled for planforms with swept trailing edges or for multiple lifting surfaces; their non-planar lifting surface application has not been demonstrated, nor has its flutter applicability; their extensions for bodies remain unexplored. To this end, an unsteady sonic methodology employing sonic accelerationpotential (ZSAP) for multiple lifting surfaces (wings) and sonic source velocity-potential for bodies has been developed. The present unsteady sonic method ZSAP is recognized as the sonic counterpart of our previous development of the unsteady subsonic and supersonic wing-body methods. It is shown that ZSAP is an expedient method for flutter/aeroelastic applications for wing-body configurations in the sonic/near-sonic Mach number range.


The research was conducted to determine the digestion power is highest of Zn metal with the combination of mineral acids in the estuarine sediments of Palu River samples. Zn metal concentrations in the sediments were analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) at a wavelength of 231.9 nm. The results showed that water content ranged between 30.36%-37.18%, ash content ranged from 52.40%-68.76%, and biomass content ranged from 0.88%-10.42%. Analysis of AAS showed the significant average of Zn metal on a combination of mineral acids HNO 3 -H 2 SO(1:1) was 289.95182.49 mg/kg, and on a combination of mineral acids HNO 3 -HCl (1:3) was 669.18447.2 mg/kg. While calculation results of the relative standard deviation values were 25.35% for the combination of mineral acids HNO 3 -H 2 SO 4 (1:1), and 22% for the combination of mineral acids HNO 3 -HCl (1:3). The combination of mineral acids having the highest digestion to the Zn metal in the estuarine sediments of Palu River was a combination of mineral acids HNO 3 -HCl (1:3).


Innovation Concept: The Orange Book (OB) identifies drugs approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by the FDA and serves as the gold standard reference for correct pharmacological therapies. It ties in closely with Choosing Wisely Canada (CWC) modelling good stewardship in antimicrobial prescriptions. The book focuses on passive didactic learning instead of active learning, which was shown to have a greater influence on prescribing behaviour. Educational video games, a form of active learning, have been shown to improve clinical skills in medical training. Contagion is a role-playing video game providing an active way of teaching antimicrobial components of the OB and CWC guidelines. Method: Phase I of Contagion was qualitatively tested on students and physicians at McMaster University for teaching effectiveness, applicability to real-life scenarios, and enjoyability. Post-game play 12 participants scored different aspects of the game on a Likert scale. Curriculum, Tool, or Material: The player is a rural physician treating infections in various communities. Each round, the player is given a crate of antibiotics. As communities are infected, the player is provided with clinical symptoms the patients present with. The player must identify the pathology and then correctly treat the communities. The player can treat empirically or order tests to identify the infectious organism. The player strategically navigates which communities to treat as there are limited actions per turn and the player must prevent communities from dying or infecting neighboring regions. Communities tend to build antibiotic resistance over time making first-line treatments unviable, thus careful strategizing and stewardship is essential. Active learning will occur when players are tasked with finding the correct answer to different presentations. After each turn, players will learn about the infecting organism, its phenotypes, and common infectious symptoms. This is considered passive learning. Conclusion: Contagion was well-received by physicians and medical students as an active learning tool to teach the OB and CWC guidelines. On preliminary user testing Contagion scored 5 in effectiveness in teaching treatments and 4.6 in teaching stewardship. An objective of this project is to perform large scale testing across schools to demonstrate the effectiveness of the learning components of the game. We hope to eventually create a tool that can be incorporated in continuing medical education for physicians.


This paper synthetizes provisions of the primary and secondary EU legislation, as well of the applicable Energy Act and decisions rendered by energy entities of the Republic of Serbia in relation to unbundling in respective energy activities, such as the generation, transmission and distribution of electric energy. A particular emphasis has been put therein on regulation of this issue by the EU Energy Packages and the consequent reorganization of the electricity sector in the Republic of Serbia. The text also discusses the modes of unbundling in horizontal and vertical terms and per its respective forms - established according to the nature thereof, i.e. unbundling in accounting, functional, legal and proprietal terms.


The digitalization and platformization of pop music (e.g. Tencent Music Entertainment and Netease Cloud Music in China or Spotify) and gentrification of urban space, not to mention political control, have threatened the survival of independent music in global cities. This paper aims to illustrate how musicians attempt to create music space and continue to incubate new bands and sustain a performance economy in order to perpetuate local creativity and music cultures. We argue that all these efforts are owing to the rise of cultural entrepreneurs in China who attempt to strategize to create a music market and withstand political pressure from the authorities.


Kristine Blair, Advisor Scholars such as Ernest Boyer and Kathleen Fitzpatrick have been proponents of the expansiok8n of academic work beyond the "ivy walls of academia" as a method of expanding and sharing knowledge with a wider audience. Using their ideas as a baseline, my dissertation is an argument for academics (specifically in the field of English) to add works and writings meant for public consumption as an acceptable means of work that counts as scholarship to the already existing tenure and promotion guidelines used by most universities by answering the question, "Why should scholars in English studies be able to publish outside academic circles?" I have examined current scholarship, the methods in which current scholars already write for the public and how writers from inside and outside academia approach similar subjects to help answer this question.


The review covers different aspects of structural and functional features of magnetic nanoparticles. Especially those which are associated with their interaction with cells and cause development of oxidative stress, apoptosis disruption of DNA structure and cytoskeleton, changes in intracellular signal cascades etc. It is suggested that use of iron oxide nanoparticles for magnet-driven drug delivery in cancer therapy might be safe and promising because it can enhance antitumor effects of known cytostatic drugs.


In order to improve the availability of a data processing system, despite possible memory error, while reading a data word from a memory cell (S0) - the integrity of the data word based checks of redundant additional information; and -, executed in the event that the data word is found to be corrupted an error treatment procedure in which - checks the operability of the memory cell (S1-S3) and, if the memory cell is found to be functional, - their contents (S7, S11) is restored.


A spatial boresight angle camera distributed test method using a two-dimensional precision turntable, custom three sides reflecting prism goniometer precision, high-precision positioning error compensating means up test system. By adjusting the two-dimensional tooling, the customized three-sided reflecting prism mounted to the two-dimensional high-precision pitch rotation shaft of the turntable, and three sides of the reflecting prism collimation performed with precision goniometer. Precision tooling to make dimensional adjustment of the adjustment of the goniometer while three-sided mirror are the number autocollimator. Rotating the turntable and adjusts the spatial position of parallel tubes, each camera viewing axis parallel adjustment sequentially storing measured data precision goniometer collimating mirror on three sides from the optical axis of the collimator, view of the camera under test is calculated axis angle. This technique is applicable to a distributed sensing spatial boresight angle camera test, test accuracy can be achieved than 3 ". Applied three line scan cameras integration testing, and the test rail passes.


Abstract : The objective of this research is to further develop and refine an existing model for forecasting the supply of high-quality male contracts at the Recruiting Sub Station level for the Marine Corps. Additional variables that were excluded in the previous model will be researched and incorporated to provide a more realistic scenario for the Marine Corps Recruiting Command. This follow on research is necessary because of the rising accession missions and increasing recruiter levels. It is our intent that this forecasting information will facilitate recruiting efforts as end strength increases over the course of the next two years.


A new study published in this issue of The EMBO Journal looks into the crosstalk between inflammation and cancer (Antonio et al, ). By using a zebrafish melanoma model, the authors reveal that neutrophils recruited at the wound site directly interact with cells undergoing oncogenic transformation and provide them with a paracrine proliferative support. Importantly, the authors demonstrate the clinical relevance of this association, showing that neutrophil infiltration has an independent prognostic value for human melanoma. This study reinforces the notion that inflammation flames carcinogenesis, which might have important implications for the improvement of antitumour therapies.


Solutions of the DNA preparations of the liver obtained from rats exposed to Sr/sup 90/ (in equilibrium with Y/sup 90/) absorb less ultra-violet light (260 m mu ) and the greatest decrease in optical density of DNA solutuon was manufest 5 hr after injection of the radioactive isotopes. The preparations of high polymer DNA isolated from the rat liver 1 and 5 hr and 1 and 3 days after injection of Sr/sup 90/ (+Y/sup 90/)possessed radioactivity; the maximum radioactivity of DNA was noted 5 hr after injection. The maximum radioactivity of the protein component of DNP of the liver was detected 3 days after exposure of the animals to Sr/sup 90/. The greatest accumulation of radioactive isotopes in the liver occurred 5 hr after their injection into the body. The radioactivity of the DNA preparations, the DNP proteins and the intact liver tissue after exposure Sr/sup 90/ (+Y/sup 90/) was due to the presence in them both of Sr/sup 90/ and Y/sup 90/. The relation between these radioactive elements in the preparations tested varied with the period of observation. (auth)


Aim. To study the possibilities of bronchoscopy in the detection and evaluation of metastatic lung tumors. Materials and methods. From 2017 to September 2020, 3719 bronchoscopies, including 1081 biopsies during bronchoscopy were performed at the Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. According to the results of the morphological verification, 40 patients had been diagnosed with lung metastasis. Results. Endobronchial metastatic tumors from extrapulmonary malignancies are quite rare. After had studying 40 cases of metastatic bronchial tumors, we found that the most commonly primary malignancies associated with endobronchial metastases were breast cancer (12 patients), colorectal cancer (6 patients) and thyroid cancer (4 patients). All patients who had been diagnosed with the pathology during the bronchoscopy had been required to make a biopsy for the purpose of morphological verification. Conclusion. The value of bronchoscopy lies in the possibility not only of the detailed visual studying and detecting the tumor pathology of the bronchial tree, but also of obtaining material for morphological analysis. In this regard, the role of biopsy during bronchoscopy is extremely important. In the visual signs of tumor lesion, it is necessary to take multiple biopsies from different parts of the tumor.


Any computational model which relies on a physical system is likely to be subject to the fact that information density and speed have intrinsic, ultimate limits. The RAM model, and in particular the underlying assumption that memory accesses can be carried out in time independent from memory size itself, is not physically implementable.
This work has developed in the field of limiting technology machines, in which it is somewhat provocatively assumed that technology has achieved the physical limits. The ultimate goal for this is to tackle the problem of the intrinsic latencies of physical systems by encouraging scalable organizations for processors and memories.
An algorithmic study is presented, which depicts the implementation of high concurrency programs for SP and SPE, sequential machine models able to compute direct-flow programs in optimal time.
Then, a novel pieplined, hierarchical memory organization is presented, with optimal latency and bandwidth for a physical system.
In order to both take full advantage of the memory capabilities and exploit the available instruction level parallelism of the code to be executed, a novel processor model is developed. Particular care is put in devising an efficient information flow within the processor itself.
Both designs are extremely scalable, as they are based on fixed capacity and fixed size nodes, which are connected as a multidimensional array.
Performance analysis on the resulting machine design has led to the discovery that latencies internal to the processor can be the dominating source of complexity in instruction flow execution, which adds to the effects of processor-memory interaction. A characterization of instruction flows is then developed, which is based on the topology induced by instruction dependences.


Keywords: Ice-slurry ; Crystallization ; Coolant ; Two-phase heat carrier ; Ice ; Change of phase Reference EPFL-CHAPTER-215032 URL: http://www.iifiir.org/ClientBookLine/recherche/NoticesDetaillees.asp?INSTANCE=EXPLOITATION&iNotice=5&ldebut=&chkckbox23=off&chk0=off&chk1=off&chk2=off&chk3=off&chk4=off&chk5=on&chk6=off&chk7=off&chk8=off&DISPLAYMENU=&IDTEZO=&IDTEZOBASE=&IDTEZOFORM= Record created on 2016-01-15, modified on 2017-05-08


ABSTRACT The present investigation has highlighted the effect of annealing temperatures from 200°C to 300°C on the recrystallisation behaviour and texture evolution of cold-forged Mg-6Al-3Sn (AT63) magnesium alloy. A new microstructure with a modified grain size was formed under different annealing conditions. The dominant nucleation sites of recrystallised grains were found at twin/grain-boundary and twin/twin intersections and twin interiors. Recrystallisation was incomplete at an annealing temperature of 200°C, even for a prolonged time. It may be ascribed to concurrent precipitation (Mg17Al12 and Mg2Sn), which interferes with grain boundary motion during recrystallisation. However, at high annealing temperatures, the volume of these precipitates was very low. They did not effectively hinder the recrystallisation process, resulting in faster recrystallisation kinetics. The average grain size was extensively refined from 85 to ∼7 µm with cold forging and annealing approach. The cold-forged deformation texture of AT63 alloy shows the typical basal structure (0002) in nature. The recrystallised material retained the basal texture after isothermal annealing of cold-forged AT63 alloy.


In ultrasonic nondestructive microstructure characterization applications, the attenuation information is used as a tool to classify the materials. The scattering coefficient of the attenuation was shown to be 1/f/sup /spl gamma// with respect to frequency f in the previous work when the scatterer sizes have power-law distribution. Since the scaling parameter /spl gamma/ captures the complex interactions between the ultrasonic signals and the scatterers, it was used to characterize the metals such as steel and nickel. The /spl gamma/ parameter was estimated after the scattering coefficient estimation was accomplished. In this paper, we extend the previous work and theoretically establish a power-law relationship between the attenuation of the ultrasonic signals and the scaling parameter /spl gamma/ of the power-law distribution. The proposed model enables the estimation of scaling parameter directly from the received ultrasonic signal, thus eliminating the need to estimate the attenuation coefficient. The theoretical development is verified experimentally using stainless steel data using standard deconvolution and periodogram spectrum estimation technique.


AbstractAcknowledgmentsForeword by Tetsuden KashimaSites of Shame: An IntroductionTo Undo a Mistake is Always harder Than Not to Create One OriginallyA Brief History of Japanese American Relocation During World War IIGila River Relocation Center, ArizonaGranada Relocation Center, ColoradoHeart Mountain Relocation Center, WyomingJerome Relocation Center, ArkansasManzanar Relocation Center, CaliforniaMinidoka Relocation Center, IdahoPoston Relocation Center, ArizonaRohwer Relocation Center, ArkansasTopaz Relocation Center, UtahTule Lake Relocation Center, CaliforniaCitizen Isolation Centers--Moab, Utah--Leupp, ArizonaAdditional War Relocation Authority Facilities--Antelope Springs, Utah--Cow Creek, Death Vally, California--Tulelake, CaliforniaAssembly Centers--Fresno, California--Marysville, California--Mayer, Arizona--Merced, California--Pinedale, California--Pomona, California--Portland, Oregon--Puyallup, Washington--Sacramento, California--Salinas, California--Santa Anita, California--Stockton, California--Tanforan, California--Tulare, California--Turlock, CaliforniaDepartment of Justice and U.S. Army Facilities--Temporary Detention Stations--Department of Justice Internment Camps----Crystal City Internment Cam, Texas----Kenedy Internment Center, Texas----Kooskia Internment Camp, Idaho----Fort Lincoln, North Dakota----Fort Missoula, Montana----Fort Stanton, New Mexico----Sante Fe, New Mexico----Seagoville, Texas--U.S. Army Facilities----Camp Lordsburg, New Mexico----Fort Sill, Oklahoma----Stringtown, Oklahoma----Alaska and Hawaii----Other U.S. Army SitesFederal Bureau of Prisons--Catalina Federal Honor Camp, Arizona--Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary, Kansas--McNeil Island Federal Penitentiary, WashingtonReferences CitedAppendix A: Relocation Center Drawings in Records Group 210, National Archives, Cartographic DivisionAppendix B: Tule Lake Relocation Center Drawings at the Bureau of Reclamation, Klamath Falls OfficeAppendix C: Selected Relocation Center Blueprints


Improvements in performance of resonant coils are important for the range and efficiency of wireless power transfer (WPT); however, these improvements are difficult to measure using the conventional figure-of-merit (FoM), which is the product of quality factor and coupling factor. The conventional FoM does not account for important WPT system performance parameters such as coil size and range of power transfer; furthermore, it requires information which is not commonly reported. In this paper, we propose a new FoM that is the ratio of the loss fraction of a reference system and and the system-under-test. The reference system models two-loops of solid wire that are scaled to the same overall size as the system-under-test. The FoM is an indication of the performance of a WPT coil technology independent of a specific implementation, and can be calculated using commonly reported parameters: coil diameter, transmission range, and coil-to-coil efficiency. We computed the FoM for a few WPT systems in the literature, and found the highest FoM to be 3.4, achieved using a self-resonant structure.


Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3) is a set of communications protocols used between components in industrial control systems, especially power electric systems. Those systems should have integrity, low complexity, authentication and so on. Among them, the scheme using cyclic shift operation that can satisfy the integrity and complexity is addressed. Furthermore, another scheme using undetected burst error pattern is also proposed.


Due to its high permeation resistance, unique balance of strength and ductility along with excellent chemical and sterilization resistance, KetoprixTM polyketone resins offer film producers a cost effective alternative to other thermoplastics commonly used to produce flexible packaging. Moreover, Esprix Technologies has developed a proprietary tie layer resin technology which will allow the flexible packaging community to use KetoprixTM resins to tailor the properties of their multi-layer structures to achieve previously unattainable combinations of mechanical and economic performance!


Abstract: Unique - With the improvement of the Internet, digital assaults are changing quickly and the network safety circumstance isn't hopeful. This study report portrays key writing reviews on AI (ML) strategies for network examination. Digital protection is a bunch of innovations and cycles intended to safeguard PCs, organizations, projects and information from assaults and unapproved access, adjustment, or obliteration. An organization security framework comprises of an organization security framework and a PC security framework. In this paper, the network safety dataset was gathered from dataset store. Then, we need to execute the pre-handling procedures. Then, the framework is fostered the AI calculation like Logistic relapse and Support Vector Machine.


The invention discloses a kind of website LAI and observe spatial representative evaluation methodology in Remote Sensing Products grid cell size, comprise the following steps: one, obtain high spatial resolution image corresponding during website observation, obtain reflectivity data;Two, utilizing Vegetation canopy physical model to generate LAI and reflectance look-up table, in conjunction with reflectivity data, the LAI high score of generation website observation correspondence is evaluated with reference to figure and to it, it is ensured that obtain the LAI high score of certain precision with reference to figure;Three, website observation vegetation pattern representativeness evaluation index DVTP and website observation LAI are calculated to representative evaluation index RSSE of vegetation growing way in product grid cell size and CS;Four, principle can be divided according to different brackets representive error maximum, website observation grade of spatial representative in product grid cell size is divided into L0 L4 Pyatyi altogether.The present invention verifies that precision and reliability are high, and evaluation index calculation is simple and is easier to realize, and can be that LAI product provides reference in climate change research, agricultural the yield by estimation and environmental monitoring etc..


Digitalization is of growing importance for industries and research institutions as it simplifies and accelerates product development. By that it also offers the ability to reduce risks and costs. Among others, also the aircraft engine sector is facing such a shift of paradigm, entailing a huge potential to support the preliminary design workflow of projected next generation engine concepts. For that purpose the German Aerospace Center (DLR) has started the development of the virtual engine platform GTlab (Gas Turbine Laboratory). It offers a high degree of usability and flexibility with its modular architecture comprising standardized interfaces and thus allows a simple integration of arbitrary user-defined tools. At the heart of the present paper is the application of GTlab in a realistic example of an ultra high bypass-ratio (BPR $\approx 16$) aircraft engine with an anticipated state of the art technology of 2028. The design workflow starts with a 0D thermodynamic performance model and continues with 1D and 2D mid-fidelity preliminary aerodynamic and structural design tools. In this context, challenges are highlighted that were encountered in the course of the process chains and during data handling processes between different fidelity-levels. The mid-fidelity preliminary component designs are carried out by various departments of the DLR and comprise the turbo-components as well as the combustor and structural parts. By that, also the iterative procedure is highlighted, since the initial performance model is updated everytime variations are encountered in the aerodynamic component designs. Also the assessment of fan noise is integrated into the preliminary engine design procedure summing up the multi-disciplinary design loop for the evaluation of future engine concepts.


he proposed as an alternative to exsanguination and other damaging practices was a distinct advance'. But a few things have happened in science since 1810, especially in chemistry, pharmacology, genetics, molecular biology and immunology. These disciplines were not advanced by people who were unable to distinguish between open-mindedness and plain absurdity. That Mr Hart and his colleagues (February 1997 JRSM, pp 73-8) should have found that 'homoeopathic arnica' has no effect on pain and postoperative recovery after hysterectomy is neither here nor there. What is important is that a respected medical journal should seem to imply that, however ridiculous, the inclusion of a subject in its pages is justified so long as its statistical treatment is impressive. It is also important that it should seem to imply the possibility that phrases like 'C30 potency' have any scientific meaning whatsoever. If a word like 'potentiation' is used to mean 'increase in power' well and good. But if it is used to mean 'increase in power by a process of dilution to the extent that not a single molecule of the substance being diluted can logically remain' then surely the limits of absurdity have been breached. Pre-scientific pharmacology at the level of, say, Culpeper2, was characterized by assertions such as 'arnica is good in . That, at least, whether true or false, was a reasonable proposition. But to take some arnica and, by serial dilution, laboriously to remove every scrap of it and then to suggest that the diluent now possesses, in greatly enhanced degree, the original therapeutic powers of the arnica (however delusory), is to revert to plain superstition. What are intelligent lay people to make of this? What kind of effect can it have on the minds of medical students to whom we owe a dutv of rigorous care in the presentation of demonstrable truth? Not, I submit, a very salutary one.


Abrah A m , L: "On the other hand, what is this Eastern aeschnoides?" (Morton 1926) - an undescribed Palpares species from the Eastern Mediterranean (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Abstract: This paper summarizes the history of Palpares libelloides (Linnaeus, 1764) and related taxa described from the Mediterranean in the neuropterological literature. Based on these results Palpares assyri- orum sp. n. from Syria, Jordan, Turkey and Israel is described. Libellula turcica Petiver & Empson, 1767 is a new homonym of Libellula Linnaeus 1758 (Odonata) (hom. n.) and a new synonym of Palpares libelloides (Linnaeus, 1764) (syn. n.). Palpares aeschnoides is a nomen nudum, only a collection name. Palpares chrys- opterus Navas, 1910 is a valid taxon and Palpares turcicus Kocak, 1976 (syn. n.) is a new junior synonym of Palpares chrysopterus Navas, 1910.


Fully coupled dynamic electro-thermal simulation on chip and circuit level is presented. Temperature dependent thermal conductivity of silicon is taken into account, thus solving the nonlinear heat diffusion equation. The numerical solution is carried out by using the industry-standard simulator SABER, therefore for electro-thermal simulations we are able to use the common electrical compact models by adding a heat source and thermal pins to them. The application of this technique and need for electro-thermal simulation is illustrated with the simulation of a current control circuit built into a multiwatt package.


Student dropout is a complex problem that affects most post-secondary undergraduate programs, all over the world. The Industrial Engineering program of the ISVOUGA Institute, located in Sta. Maria da Feira, Portugal, is no exception. This research used a dataset containing students' general information and the students' marks for the already assessed courses. From this dataset, 17 potential predictors have been selected: five intrinsic predictors (gender, marital status, professional status, full/part time student, and age) and 12 extrinsic ones (the marks in all the 12 courses taught during the first two semesters of the program). The main goal of this research was to predict the likelihood of a student to dropout, based on the referred predictors. A binary logistic regression was used to classify students as having a high or low probability not to re enroll the program. To validate the appropriateness of the used methodology, the accuracy of the logistic model was compared, by means of a 5-fold cross-validation, to the accuracy of three classification methods commonly used in Data Mining: One R, K Nearest Neighbors, and Naive Bayes. Four variables were significant to the logistic model (the marks in Materials Science, Electricity, Calculus 1, and Chemistry). The two most influential predictors for student dropout are failing to pass in the less challenging courses of Materials Science and Electricity. Contrary to what we would think prior to this research, we found that failing in more challenging courses such as Physics or Statistics does not have a significant influence on student dropout.


Flower quality parameters (FW, vase life, colour, osmotic potential, water uptake, transpiration rate and total soluble solids) were measured to examine the effects of treatments on postharvest quality of anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum L. 'Tropical'), after long-distance shipment. With a vase life of about 16 d the effects of a 'heat treatment' (60oC, 15 s) and 'ultrasonic treatment' (1 min) differed significantly from the non-treated control (11.9 d). However, the differences between stem-end treatments (heat and ultrasonic) for vase life were small and nonsignificant. Non-treated control flowers showed lower FW and earlier spathe blueing than heat-treated and ultrasonic-treated flowers. Spathe chroma value of flowers placed in Biovin, tap water, and 8-HQS was improved during vase life whereas spathe red hue was positively influenced only in flowers placed in Flora. In contrast, spadix chroma showed no significant difference with respect to controls. Results indicated that floral preservatives and stem-end treatments have a positive affect on keeping quality. The data also indicate the importance of maintaining a good water balance during commercial handling and transport of Anthurium.


Following its first flight on board the Space Shuttle 'Challenger' as part of the Spacelab 3 payload, the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) instrument has been operated at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Table Mountain Observatory (TMO; 34.4 deg N, 117.7 deg W, 2.23 km altitude) in the San Gabriel Mountains of Southern California. With the delay in the resumption of regular Shuttle flights, ATMOS has acquired a large number of high-quality, high-resolution infrared solar absorption spectra, spanning a period between late-1985 and mid-1990. These spectra are being analyzed to derive the column abundances of several atmospheric species including O3, HCl, HF, and HNO3. Although limited in temporal coverage, the preliminary results for these gases are discussed here in the context of the requirement and contribution to be made by similar instruments in detecting long term changes in stratospheric composition.


Supervisory Committee Dr. Mary Ellen Purkis, Co-Supervisor School of Nursing Dr. Antoinette Oberg, Co-Supervisor Department of Curriculum and Instruction Dr. Carol McDonald, Departmental Member School of Nursing Dr. Katherine Teghtsoonian, Outside Member Studies in Policy and Practice With an explicit focus on how power is enacted and what this produces in the everyday lives of chronically ill women living on B.C. disability income support (BC Benefits), this research is located at the contested juxtaposition of what I refer to as three fields of possibility; feminism, poststructuralism and critical disability studies. Each of these fields suggests methodological, empirical and interpretive readings that enable me to produce different knowledge, differently, about disabled women's lives. Using verbatim narrative accounts from in-depth interviews focused on how each of four participants live their lives, take care of themselves, and make sense of and respond to the government policy and practices to which they are subject, reveals everyday, embodied practices of the self that constitute their subjectivities as disabled women. Together, these accounts along with critically interpretive reflections reveal/expose/make visible the lives of these women in response to exercises of power in ways that unseat, unsettle and disrupt takenfor-granted understandings of those who are disabled, female and poor. Along with explicating power relations in the lives of disabled women and what these produce, I also link these critically to their health, socio-economic well-being and citizenship, while creating a disruptive reading that destabilizes common-sense notions about disabled women securing B.C. provincial income support benefits. Thus my research purposes and those of my disability activism are melded as these intersect within the (often-contested) borders of poststructural and social justice terrain. Despite public


Our studies of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ under the injection of spin-polarized quasi-particles have yielded new spin transport information along the c-axis as well as signatures of non-equilibrium effects. We have found a surprisingly strong divergence of the spin diffusion lengths at the transition temperature T c which suggests a new model for the suppression of the critical current I c under the influence of excess spin. We have discovered at low temperatures quasiparticle distribution effects due to the perturbation of an external injection. We report preliminary results for the search for "preformed" Cooper pairs above T c . And finally we present initial spin injection transport studies in a microwave background from which we can estimate an upper bound on the electron-phonon scattering time and Cooper pair recombination time in YBCO.


A weight function which $q$-generalizes the ground state wave function of the multi-component Calogero-Sutherland quantum many body system is introduced. Conjectures, and some proofs in special cases, are given for a constant term identity involving this function. A Gram-Schmidt procedure with respect to the inner product associated with the weight function is used to define orthogonal polynomials in one of the components, which are conjectured to be the Macdonald polynomials $P_\kappa(w_1,\dots,w_{N_0};qt^p,t)$, and a proof is given in a special case. Conjectures are also given for an adjoint property of the Macdonald operator with respect to the inner product associated with the weight function, and the normalization of the Macdonald polynomial with respect to the same inner product.


The recursion method, used so far for the tight-binding Hamiltonian, implicitly requires the representation to be hermitian. Non-hermitian representations arise in (chemical) pseudopotential theory and the authors indicate how to obtain the local density of states in such a more general case. Results are given for the electronic structure of crystalline arsenic.


Abstract Motivated by work of Garsia and Lamperti we consider null-recurrent renewal sequences with a regularly varying tail and seek information about their rate of convergence to zero. The main result shows that such sequences subject to a monotonicity condition obey a limit law whatever the value of the exponent α is, 0 < α < 1. This monotonicity property is seen to hold for a large class of renewal sequences, the so-called Kaluza sequences. This class includes moment sequences, and therefore includes the sequences generated by reversible Markov chains. Several subsidiary results are proved.