Sir—Health services and medical care in many countries are under increasingly pressure to reduce costs and epidemiologists are increasingly turning from their traditional fields of aetiological research to health care evaluations. A recent paper in the International Journal of Epidemiology on a controlled trial of reduction of redundant hospital days is illustrative of this trend. Inclusion of the word 'redundant' emphasizes the influence of the economic philosophy. The study reports a significant reduction of 'unjustified' days of stay from 33% to 15% (accompanied by a smaller but still significant 'Hawthorne' reduction from 26% to 19% in the control ward) without significant effect on outcome. However only half of the outcome comparison is presented. There is no before and after (or 'observation' and 'intervention') to match the reported significant effect of intervention, but only a comparison of the two wards during the intervention period (Table 5); in other words a comparison to accompany the 15% 'unjustified' days in the intervention ward and 19% in the control ward. Next, this one-month follow-up comparison suggests a relative Sir—We were interested in Palli et al.'s comments on our study about the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Italy. Their major criticism of our study concerns the discrepancy between their figures of IBD incidence and ours which were limited to the metropolitan area of Florence. They reported 212 newly diagnosed IBD patients during the 1989–1992 period, while we identified 126 cases in the same period and area. The lower incidence observed in our study may well be due to the fact that we have intentionally not included among the information sources the free health care service data file, which is based on pharmaceutical prescriptions without any connection with diagnosis. Recruitment of cases from this source may lead to inclusion of false positives, since drugs used in IBD are also prescribed for other conditions (diverticular disease, haemorrhoids, solitary ulcer of the rectum, etc.). With reference to their doubts about the actual nature of 'population-based study', we strongly repeat that our study design rigorously meets the criteria of such a study, since patients were recruited by all collaborative centres in all the public and private services involved in the diagnosis and management of IBD, such as gastroenterology, radiology, endoscopy and medical and surgical departments, all general practitioners and all pathology services. With respect to the 'real independence of the information sources', we agree with Palli's observation that the two sources we used are positively related but only partially, since many cases were flagged by non-hospital based sources, such as general practitioners and private services. Therefore, the underestimation which may affect our results should not be relevant and in any case does not exceed the overestimation which may have affected Palli's results. Sic stantibus rebus, the real incidence rate in the area of Florence might be located between ours and Palli's figures. We are grateful to Dr Palli et al. for their observations which gave us the opportunity to explain further the methodology of our study. However, considering that Florence was one of the collaborative centres of this study, we regret that Palli et al. did not provide us with their comprehensive data earlier. Lastly, due to the rigorous application of the protocol by all participating centres, we believe that the reported data represent the best estimation of the actual incidence of IBD in Italy. Authors' Response


The paper focuses on the impact of climate change on runoff in the Ipoltica River basin in northern Slovakia. The analysis is divided into two parts: the first part contains an analysis of predicted changes in short-term rainfall intensities at the Liptovská Teplička climatological station; the second part is focused on the impact of runoff on a small mountainous river basin. The predicted short-term rainfall intensities were analyzed using the Community Land Model, which is a Regional Climate Model. The analysis was performed in durations of 60 to 1440 minutes for a warm period. The focus was aimed at comparing changes in rainfall characteristics, especially changes in seasonality, the scaling exponents, and design values. The second part focuses on the impact of changes in short-term rainfall on changes in runoff. The estimation of predicted runoff changes was provided for the period 2070 - 2100. These results were compared with the results from actual observations. The design floods were calculated using the Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number method. The results show that the runoff will be affected by climate change. Hence, it is important to reevaluate the land use management and practices at the Ipoltica River basin.


Graph neural networks (GNNs) are researched extensively as effective models for representing data in a graph structure and extracting important neighbourhood features. This paper explored a GNN model named Principal Neighbourhood Aggregation (PNA) for Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) image classification. Given the low availability of SAR image data, specially labelled ones, we incorporate a semi-supervised learning strategy named MixMatch with PNA architecture. Furthermore, we propose an augmentation technique specific to SAR images that exploit the physical properties of image content and significantly improve the performance of both supervised and semi-supervised training paradigm. Additionally, we tested the algorithm on benchmark image classification datasets, including CIFAR, MNIST, STL10 and achieved promising results.


As we all know,Marx's labor value theory is based on a series of view points.But many of them were not demonstrated or were not demonstrated scientifically by Marx himself,such as the point of prices fluctuating around the value,the relationship between social necessary labor time and labor.In order to make labor value theory scientific,we need to research and demonstrate them scientifically.


This paper discusses the following aspects of London's public transport: (1) the management of London Transport by the Greater London Council (GLC); (2) the recommendations of the Fifth Report of the Transport Committee of the House of Commons (1982); and (3) London Regional Transport. Although London Transport's achievements in public transport services were remarkable and, in 1981, significantly halted the steadily declining demand for public transport in London, they depended heavily on public subsidies, including those from the GLC. The British Government strongly opposed high subsidies, but agreed with the Transport Committee that improvement of London Transport's facility was an urgent national priority. In 1984, it replaced the London Transport Executive (LTE) by London Regional Transport (LRT), which was directly controlled by the Department of Transport (DTp). It also abolished the GLC with effect from 1 April 1986. The author considers that it is controversial whether the GLC 'mismanaged' London Transport, as the Government alleged. The Transport Committee's Fifth Report advocated efficient orbital roads for London and recommended a ten-year public transport investment programme, and it also proposed the creation of a new Metropolitan Transport Authority. After its formation, LRT managed to increase public transport usage, due largely to its zoned and integrated fare structure.


Termination is a neglected area in family therapy. This paper examines termination from the point of view of non-specific, strategic and psycho-dynamic approaches. Completion of the therapy contract; completion of individual meetings; unsatisfactory progress; and symptom removal are considered under the heading of general approaches, while strategic approaches Includes a discussion of provocative, paradoxical and metaphorical interventions.


The monomer, N-(4-bromophenyl)-2-methacrylamide (BrPMAAm) has been synthesized by reacting 4-bromoaniline with methacryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine (NR3) at 0−5°C. Copolymerization of BrPMAAm with n-butyl methacrylate (n-BMA) has been carried out in 1,4-dioxane by free radical solution polymerization at (70 ± 0.1)°C utilizing 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator in different in-feed ratios. The composition of the copolymer was determined by the elemental analysis. The comonomer reactivity ratios determined by Fineman-Ross (FR), Kelen-Tudos (KT), and extended Kelen-Tudos (EKT) methods. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR, 1H-, and 13C NMR spectroscopic technique. Gel permeation chromatography was employed for estimating the weight–average (Mw) and number–average (Mn) molecular weights and polydispersity index (PDI) of the copolymers. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and found to be characteristic of copolymer composition. As the N-(4-bromophenyl)-2-methacrylamide content increases, the Tg increases from 339 to 437 K. Thermal stabilities of the homo- and copolymers were calculated using thermogravimetric analysis. Thermally stable copolymers were obtained by the incorporation of BrPMAAm units as the initial decomposition temperature of the copolymers increased with the increase in concentration of BrPMAAm units. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


DNA origami are self-assembling units that can themselves undergo further self-assembly to form oligomers. These oligomers have potential applications for assembly of nanoelectronic or nanophotonic circuitry or for assembly of biological components. However, there are a variety of assembly defects that must be controlled. These include defects in alignment between the origami (origami that are offset from each other), defects in relative orientation (origami that are rotated relative to one another), and defects in up/down orientation (neighboring origami that are not both face up or face down). Four strategies for controlling the oligomerization of DNA origami were compared. We tested (i) inclusion of T-bumpers, (ii) omission of staple strands on the edge of the DNA origami, (iii) varying numbers and lengths of single-stranded linkers and the stoichiometry of linking strands, and (iv) optimization of annealing time and temperature. The DNA origami chains were characterized both on mica and cationic SAMs on silicon [100] by tapping mode AFM in the air. Orientations were verified by observation of loop regions on the DNA origami and an intentionally designed notch that makes the origami structure chiral on the surface. AFM images showed that inclusion of T-bumpers failed to block π-stacking interactions, and that inclusion of single stranded linkers greatly reduced alignment defects but did not control defects in relative orientation. On the other hand, single stranded linkers in conjunction with elimination of staple strands from the edge of the DNA origami formed short oligomers with good alignment and good relative orientation. We investigated the optimal annealing temperature and time with quenching experiments and observed stepwise origami formation and oligomerization.


A decentralized nonlinear model and controller is proposed to stabilize the interconnected small-scale islanded dc grids in the presence of renewable energy sources with proven stability in this paper. The dc interconnected network comprises dc sources along with resistive and constant-power loads (CPLs). Though the dc sources are photovoltaic (PV) in this paper, the proposed controller can be applied to other types of low-inertia intermittent sources as well. All sources and/or CPL loads are connected to the grid through simple dc–dc converters (DDCs) to avoid power electronic complexities. The negative-resistance CPLs can destabilize the grid in the presence of the DDC dynamical components. The decentralized nonlinear output-feedback controller mitigates rapid voltage and power oscillations caused by the disturbances and measurement noises, and stabilizes the grid. Since the proposed output-feedback controller needs only partial knowledge of the local converter states, the number of measure points reduces leading to a simple implementation. Simulation results on a small-scale dc grid are provided to show the performance of the proposed controller.


Objective To explore the changes of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and C-reactive protein(CRP) in serum level in type 2 diebetes mellitus(T2DM).MethodsThe levels of VEGF and CRP were measured by ELISA in 98 patients with T2DM and 30 control subjects.Results①The levels of VEGF and CRP were higher in T2DM patients than in controls(P0.05),The levels of VEGF and CRP in T2DM patients with vascular complications were higher than those in T2DM patients without vascular complications(P0.05).②Serum level of VEGF was positively correlated with that of CRP in T2DM patients(r=0.9865,P0.01).③VEGF and CRP in T2DM patients were correlated with insulin resistance index(P0.05).ConclusionVEGF and CRP might participate in the occurrence and development of T2DM and the vascular complications.There may be some similarities between VEGF and CRP in diabetic patients.


This study examines the dynamics of gray zone warfare by analyzing its conceptualization in the literature and through its practice in several recent examples. Ever-increasing changes in the characteristics of contemporary warfare have complicated the security environment of the 21st century. Modern warfare inclines toward non-kinetic dimensions based on the principles of hybridity, soft power, and ambiguity. This changing nature of warfare has been defined and categorized in diverse ways, leading to numerous perspectives revealing more confusion than clarity. The terms "hybrid warfare," "gray zone warfare," "unrestricted warfare," and "ambiguous warfare" have received unprecedented attention in recent years. A key contemporary challenge is to differentiate between war and peace because gray zone warfare occupies the space in between both these situations. Many contemporary conflicts are neither black nor white; instead, they fall in the middle of the two: the gray zone. These factors underscore the significance of evaluating and understanding the concept of gray zone warfare. The United States considers Russia, China, and Iran as revisionist states that employ gray zone warfare in various domains to challenge the United States-led world order. South Asia is also a manifested playground of gray zone warfare. The research further distinguishes between gray zone warfare and hybrid warfare and proposes strategies for countering this threat.


On an analytical basis, liquid hydrogen has been shown to be a very attractive fuel for transport aircraft. An experimental research and development program is needed to advance theory to practice so LH/sub 2/ can be considered a viable alternative to synthetic kerosine as a replacement for conventional, petroleum-base Jet A. A comprehensive RandD program has been formulated for implementation on an international basis. 6 refs.


This cohort study uses data from Danish medical registries to examine the short-term and long-term risks of common neurologic and psychiatric outcomes for patients after hospitalization for cardiac arrest.


The objective of the work was to reveal the peculiarities of damage of the hearing organ at mine explosive trauma and to evaluate the effectiveness of the complex of the procedures during a long period of time. The testing of hearing was conducted in miners who suffered from explosions of methane-air mix on Raspadskaya mine in Mezhdurechensk of Kemerovo region. During the primary examination sensorineural hearing loss of various severity, post-traumatic otitis with rupture of tympanic membrane, unilateral deafness, thermal burns of ear auricles were revealed. All the injured had complex treatment including anti-neuritis therapy, and local anti-inflammatory treatment if necessary. Comparison group included miners who didn't significantly differ by age, working conditions and length of service. Traumatic injuries of the organ of hearing in miners after explosion of methane-air mixture at underground workings occur in 75 ± 3,6 % of cases. During the acute period many injured miners may not be serious enough about the auditory dysfunction on the background of another more expressed pathology. Early audiologic examination of injured miners with observance of all the rules, especially the rules of disguise allows to reveal acute posttraumatic sensorineural hearing loss and deafness. Therapy of hearing loss and middle ear pathology should begin as early as possible to achieve positive firm effect in improving and stabilizing of the hearing. Long-term dynamic monitoring, control of hearing, antineuritis therapy with an individual approach should be continued even after stabilization of the level of hearing loss.


The T2 weighted imaging of coronal MRCP can used a sequence derived from spin echo is the SS-FSE sequence and the gradient echo fast imaging is FIESTA. SS-FSE can be done with the fat saturation technique to suppress the fat signal so that it will be hypointense. The use of the breath-hold technique can also be used in both sequences. This study was to compared the differences in coronal MRCP image information between SS-FSE and FIESTA fat saturation to evaluate their ability to depict the image quality of MRCP. 15 patients performed 2D T2 SS-FSE and FIESTA fat saturation coronal MRCP. The images analyzed by qualitative study that was carried out by MRCP questionnaire which was examined by radiologist. Quantitative analysis was conducted by measuring the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values. The result is the FIESTA fat saturation sequence shows better image information and more optimized SNR than the SS-FSE on coronal MRCP because it can reveal more clear and informative anatomy such as common bile duct, pancreatic duct, cystic duct and intrahepatic duct. Finally, FIESTA fat saturation can be used as a effective alternative sequence and can improve billiary system of MRCP image quality


PURPOSE: A structure for preventing wrinkles of a reflector in a light distribution system of an LCD device is provided to prevent wrinkles of a reflector from heat of a lamp of a light distribution device and a printed circuit board. CONSTITUTION: A light distribution device(40) has a lamp, a reflector(42), a light guide plate(44), and a plurality of sheet(46,48,50). The reflector(42) reflects light emitted from the lamp. The light guide plate(44) is formed at an upper portion of the reflector(42). The plurality of sheet(46,48,50) is formed at an upper portion of the light guide plate(44). A liquid crystal panel(20) is located at an upper portion of the light distribution device(40). The first frame(70) is installed at an upper portion of the liquid crystal panel(20). The second frame is installed at a lower portion of the light distribution device(40). The light distribution device(40) is supported by the first frame(70) and the second frame. A support bar(60) is formed between the second frame and the light guide plate(44).


The essence of education is to pay close attention to the development of every student.A new round of primary education curriculum reform,whose ideal is for every student's development,responds the essence in theory,but the present education constrains individual characters,despises life and violates the essence.so it is necessary to concern about individual development and care for life in the curriculum implementation.


Comprising a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader of the mobile communication terminal, comprising a baseband unit for controlling communication for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals representing voice and data communication with an external mobile communication terminal (RF) unit, and the use of RFID transponder, the RFID unit by unit transceiver RFID RF signal in a high frequency band. The RFID RF block may share components with the RF unit includes an antenna, antenna switch module and a high output amplifier unit to reduce the circuit area consumption. UHF frequency band may be based on an RFID signal transceiver, to increase the operating range of the RFID.


WyomingView, founded in 2002, is part of the USGS/AmericaView program. Its mission is to promote the widespread use of satellite-based remotely sensed data for education and research applications in Wyoming. Since its inception, WyomingView has had many successes promoting remote sensing data use in federal and state government agencies. Grass-roots outreach efforts have introduced remote sensing technology to a growing user group, and through partnerships with other consortia we have built a digital archive of satellite data consisting of more than 500 Landsat, 1950 ASTER and several MODIS images for Wyoming. These images are available in ready-to-use formats at no-cost. Users from Wyoming and 20 other states in the US and 2 Canadian provinces have requested more than 1500 images (or 1 Terra byte) for education and research. Importantly, through WyomingView's internship program, several University of Wyoming undergraduate and graduate students have gained hands-on experience using remote sensing technology for addressing issues such as vegetation mapping, change assessment, and mapping invasive species. This paper highlights some of these accomplishments along with some challenges encountered along the way and looking ahead.


Network in this paper is a synthetic substance of local behavior subjects and their relationship, which concentrates relatively on an area and relates to enterprise activity. Network contains nodes and relationship. The nodes include producer, cooperator, supplier, customer, university, scientific research institution, government and intermediary institution. The relationships include the formal and informal relationship. It has its personalities, such as extensive linkage, multilateral subject, boundless integration, mutually beneficial internal, and knot acting mutually etc.
This paper points out that the process of network learning and innovation is not abstract, there are some rules in this process. This paper thinks that special history, culture, institution environment have deep influence on networks formation. The relationship under the function of Confucianism, buddhism, family institution product cohesive force, trust, and prompt the network formation and guarantee the stability of network. Informal relationships are the mainly thoroughfare of learning. Network is the carrier of knowledge flowing. By detailed fieldwork and theory analysis in "textile
town" ---Zhaizhen's local SME networks, this paper comprehensively analyzes the learning process
of SME networks. The author discusses deeply the learning process of the small and middle enterprises under the circumstance of china's unique culture and institutional thickness. In textile network of Zhaizhen, the informal linkages such as intercommunicating face-to-face and contacting are the mainly byway of learning. In network learning process, producers, customers, suppliers of raw materials, suppliers of machine, cooperators, and government act mutually. Though lots of abnormal relationships , all kinds of knowledge and information such as the knowledge of market need, the knowledge of market supply, the knowledge of management, the knowledge of technology, the knowledge of organization flowing, transmitting, disseminating, colliding, and explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge, produce a kind of gradual innovation-imitated innovation.


Bioethanol production as a biofuels successor fossil fuels from jewawut seed (Setaria italica) through enzymatic hydrolysis process and fermentation use Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been done. This research aimed to determine levels of bioethanol production by various concentration of nutrients added and variation time of fermentation. Hydrolysis process by enzymatic through a liquefaction phase with -amylase and saccharification phase with gluco-amylase. Fermentation process by Spirulina sp. as a sources of nutrients. The result of hydrolysis was fermented by Spirulina sp. added with various at 0,5%; 1,05 and 1,5% (w/v), and then with variation time of fermentation at 5, 7 and 9 days. The highest concentration of bioethanol obtained are in addition of Spirulina sp. at 1,0% (w/v) for 7 days. The result of concentration obtained from density method was 88% and from gas chromatography method was 93,096%.


In contrast to what is found for S. aureus, the prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance in CoNS is high in Denmark (Jarlov et al., V & VI, VIII). The Danish CoNS are similar to CoNS in the rest of the world with respect to antibiotic susceptibility. Particularly methicillin resistance, which is rare among S. aureus in the Scandinavian countries (Rosdahl& Knudsen, 1991; Westh et al., 1992), is as prevalent among Scandinavian CoNS-strains as among strains from the rest of the world. Table 8 presents some reported figures of antibiotic resistance among CoNS. The consumption of P-lactamase-stable penicillins, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides for treatment and prophylaxis, has been positively correlated with methicillin resistance among CoNS (Thore et al., 1990; Mouton et al., 1990; Hansen, 1985b). Furthermore, an association between the consumption of erythromycin in an area and erythromycin resistance in CoNS has been rendered possible (Moller, 1989). Multiresistant CoNS have predominantly been found in the hospital wards, where the patients are predisposed to infections with CoNS: intensive care units, dialysis units, haematology wards, neonatal wards, and orthopaedic wards, neurosurgery and thoracic surgery wards (Jarlm & Hoiby, VIII; Thore et al., 1990; Hansen & Rosendal, 1985; Hansen, 1985b; Levy et al., 1990; Mouton et al., 1990; Hedin & Hambraeus, 1991). The duration of stay in such wards has been found to correlate with the frequency of skin colonisation with multiply resistant CoNS (Thore et al., 1990; Levy et al., 1990). Methicillin resistance among CoNS is reported with high prevalence on a global scale. Various aspects of methicillin resistance among CoNS will be discussed in Chapter 7. CoNS from clinical specimens are frequently resistant to aminoglycosides (Table 8); moreover for methicillin-resistant strains, the prevalence is much higher compared to methicillin-susceptible strains, (Jarlov et al., VII; Refsahl & Andersen, 1992; M0ller, 1988a; Archer & Climo, 1994). Resistance to netilmicin and amikacin is


Results of experimental investigations of bearing capacity of 6 ft diam pier barge spuds in three types of foundation soils; bearing capacities computed from existing formulas for large cylindrical piers and results of field penetration tests are correlated with measured bearing capacities of spuds.


Pediatric corneal opacities comprise a diverse group of ophthalmic disorders characterized by focal or diffuse loss of corneal transparency at or shortly after birth.1 Congenital corneal opacities have been estimated to affect 3 per 100,000 newborns after excluding primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), which can cause a corneal opacity as a secondary mechanism through uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP).2 Although uncommon, congenital corneal opacities represent a significant cause of amblyopia in the pediatric population. Accurate diagnosis can be facilitated with identifying specific genetic mutations that have been linked to specific disorders.3 PAX6, PITX2 , CYP1B1, FOXE3, B3GLCT, and FOXC1 gene mutations have been associated with cases of keratolenticular adhesions (Peters anomaly).4 The genes implicated for posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) are COL8A2 and ZEB1.5 In cases of CYP1B1 cytopathy, aggressive antiglaucoma management has been recommended.6 Early diagnosis of these genetic changes allow early intervention to improve long-term patient outcomes.7–9 Pediatric corneal opacities can be subclassified into congenital and acquired corneal opacities. Congenital corneal opacities can be either isolated nonsystemic corneal opacities or corneal opacities secondary to systemic disease.10 Differential diagnosis of isolated congenital corneal opacities include Peters anomaly, congenital anterior staphyloma (CAS), sclerocornea, cornea plana, epibulbar dermoid, and corneal dystrophies [congenital hereditary stromal dystrophy, congenial hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) and PPCD, Schnyder corneal dystrophy]. Secondary corneal opacities have systemic associations and may be


We study the spectrum of particle states for a charged scalar field interacting with an electromagnetic field in the Lorentz gauge. The Lagrangian contains the quartic self-coupling and imaginary-mass terms that give the scalar field a nonvanishing vacuum expectation value, and the symmetry of the model is spontaneously broken. We identify the massive vector boson and demonstrate that our identification is consistent by showing that the transverse and zero-helicity modes transform correctly among themselves in a Lorentz transformation. We show that each of the helicity modes obeys the Gupta-Bleuler subsidiary condition. We identify the Proca field contained in the theory.


Motor has an important role in everyday life. Both are used on a home scale and in the industrial world. To regulate a motor, a good control system is needed. Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench abbreviated as LabVIEW is defined as a system engineering software that is used for the needs of testing, measuring, and controlling quickly on accessing hardware in which there is data needed. LabVIEW uses a graphics-based programming language or block diagram while other programming languages use a text base. This study aims to obtain a value of DC motor control. The method used in this research is to assemble the DC motor hardware with the driver followed by connecting it to a myRIO 1900 board controller. By providing variations in frequency and duty cycle, the results of current and voltage and rotation are obtained to determine its effect. The results of this study indicate that by giving a duty cycle of more than 50%, current and voltage are obtained and the motor rotation is linear and forms a horizontal line. The 100 Hz frequency is the best frequency that can produce the highest motor rotation.


Since the 1980s when importance-based assessment was introduced into China,it has been widely used.According to the basic conception of customer satisfaction(CS) and customer satisfaction indexes(CSI),the paper draws general CS evaluation system based on importance.This method explains how to hardle the weight allocation according to the attribute importance with fuzzy aggregation theory and the relative positive regions by rough set theory in detail.


Induced modes due to discontinuities inside the waveguide are dependent on the shape and material properties of the discontinuity. Reflection and transmission coefficients provide useful information about material properties of discontinuities inside the waveguide. A novel non-resonant procedure to measure the complex conductivity of narrow strips is proposed in this paper. The sample is placed inside a rectangular waveguide which is excited by its fundamental mode. Reflection and transmission coefficients are calculated by the assistance of the Green's functions and enforcing the boundary conditions. We show that resistivity only impacts one of the terms in the reflection coefficient. The competency of the method is demonstrated with a comparison of theoretic results and full wave modelling of method of moments and finite element methods.


Measurements on the skull and dentition of 159 specimens of 22 species of recent felid were analysed using multivariate statistical methods (principal components analysis and correspondence analysis). The resulting patterns were considered in the light of recent work on the systematics of felids (large cats and small cats were clearly differentiated). Within each group there are subgroups. In the small cat group one subgroup was found to consist of the species Lynx lynx, L. rufus, L. pardina, L. canadensis and possibly Felis manul. Another subgroup consisted of the species F. bengalensis, F. rubiginosa, F. planiceps and F. viverrina. These two subgroups agree well with other work on felid systematics. Subgroups which do not agree so well with other work were also found, and the reasons for this are considered. Within the large cats there are two species, F. concolor and Neofelis nebulosa, which are clearly deviant from the norm. The reasons for this deviation are also considered.


Nowadays, the popularity of the internet has continuously increased. Predicting human body dimensions intelligently would be beneficial to improve the precision and efficiency of pattern making for enterprises in the apparel industry. In this study, a new predictive model for estimating body dimensions related to garment pattern making is put forward based on radial basis function (RBF) artificial neural networks (ANNs). The model presented in this study was trained and tested using the anthropometric data of 200 adult males between the ages 20 and 48. The detailed body dimensions related to pattern making could be obtained by inputting four easy-to-measure key dimensions into the RBF ANN model. From the simulation results, when spreading parameter σ and momentum factor α were set to 0.012 and 1, the three-layer model with 4, 72, and 8 neurons in the input, hidden, and output layers, respectively, showed maximum accuracy, after being trained by a dataset with 180 samples. Moreover, compared with a classic linear regression model and the back propagation (BP) ANN model according to mean squared error, the predictive performance of the RBF ANN model put forward in this study was better than the other two models. Therefore, it is feasible for the presented predictive model to design garment patterns, especially for tight-fitting garment patterns like activewear. The estimating accuracy of the proposed model would be further improved if trained by more appropriate datasets in the future.


This study tests whether the impact of alcohol advertising on intentions of
college age students to drink and their actual self-reported consumption is
moderated by their cultural background and mediated by positive expectancies about alcohol use. This study compares alcohol advertising
effects on Hmong college-age youth with those of Caucasian college
students. Furthermore, it explores within these two ethnic groups differences
between under-age drinkers and those of legal drinking age. Data were
collected using self-administered questionnaires in classroom settings.
MANOVA and follow-up ANOVA results indicated that Hmong Americans
had lower levels of an intentions to drink of those under the legal drinking
age, and developed fewer alcohol-related expectancies. MANOVA also
indicated strong association between exposure to persuasive media message
(i.e., media and alcohol advertising) and positive expectancies on drinking in
Caucasian students. For school administrators this study offers some
suggestions for enhancing drinking intervention campaigns, as well as
recommendations for future research.


Many educators have recently urged a naturalistic approach to writing. They claim that children should write only in response to specific needs and with specific audiences in mind. The in structional focus should not be on writing itself, but on writing as a vehi cle for accomplishing a specific and real task, one in which a child has a vested interest (Edelsky and Smith, 1984). Children naturally use lan guage, both oral and written, to make sense of meaningful experiences and thoughts. However, little information is availa ble to help teachers use these ideas in the classroom. How can teachers pro vide meaningful experiences for chil dren? To begin, teachers need to provide an environment rich in content and then prompt children to explore new ideas in writing and speech. But in addition to providing children with a rich, meaningful environment, a teacher must teach the curriculum re


The present article summarizes simulations of turbulent flow generated by a Rushton turbine (six blades with disc) and a downflow pitched blade turbine (four blades, 45° inclined) using a computational snapshot approach. The computational snapshot approach proposed by Ranade and Dommeti was extended and generalized to suit impellers of any shape. The approach was implemented using a commercial CFD code, FLUENT (Fluent Inc., USA). Mean flow and turbulence characteristics were computed by solving the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations combined with the standard k - l turbulence model. The QUICK discretization scheme (with SUPERBEE limiter function) was used to discretize all the governing equations. Preliminary numerical experiments were carried out to identify adequate grid resolution. The predicted results were compared with the comprehensive data set available in the literature. Simulated results show a pair of trailing vortex behind the blades of a turbine. The results were also compared quantitatively in the near-impeller region with the published experimental data and published simulated results using other approaches. The simulations have captured most of the key features of near-impeller flows with sufficient accuracy. The results and conclusions drawn from this study will have important implications for extending the applicability of CFD models to simulate complex stirred reactors.


The maximum matching problem has been extensively studied, and several algorithms have been proposed which can maximize the percentage of matching. Nevertheless, these algorithms are designed without consideration of the topology of the networks on which they are intended to be applied. However, recent research has shown that many distributed systems from social, technical and biological domains which can be represented as networks display the scale-free structure, which has well-known topological characteristics such as the power-law degree distribution. In this paper, we describe a simple iterative heuristic for maximum matchings in scale-free networks which takes advantage of such characteristics. We show that our heuristic is no worse than the best known version of the Blossom algorithm in terms of time-complexity, and much better than any version of Blossom in terms of memory usage (space-complexity) when applied to typical scale-free networks. The heuristic due to its simplicity and memory efficiency is a viable alternative to Blossom in most real world applications.


For the applications of compact pulsed‐power systems, we propose a model for optimizing the pulse‐forming line (PFL) with respect to the optimum pulse generation. There are multiple parameters that play important and conflicting roles in the design of a PFL. The original notion that a pulse, of a desired duration, can be created and the length of the line shortened by using a dielectric with sufficiently high permittivity, is shown here to be overly simplified, and that it can lead to a deformed pulse instead. In this work, new criteria for successful pulse formation are proposed and their validity demonstrated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2008.


Smart devices capable of harvesting their own energy have advantages over their wired or battery-powered alternatives including improved portability, simplified installation, and reduced maintenance and operating costs. This thesis studies energy harvesting technology through a case study of a solar-powered motorized window shade. An analytical and experimental evaluation of window attenuation found that windows reduced the ability of solar cells to produce photocurrent by 30%-70%. This still allows significant potential to power small electronics so a prototype motorized window blind was designed and assembled. The solar array was mounted to the roller blind's bottom rail and power is conveyed to the control electronics and motor in the unit's top cylinder through wires embedded in the shade's fabric. A simple battery system was implemented to ensure the prototype could remain powered in the absence of light. Various forms of powerflow in the prototype were evaluated. Experimental evaluation of joule heating within the conductive textile indicates that a temperature gradient that is less than 10 °C develops, meaning it is safe for use. The prototype was designed with artificial friction to prevent the blinds from slipping when not in use. An experimentally validated motor model was developed and used to determine that the system could use up to 46% less energy if the artificial friction was removed. iii A pseudo-empirical system model was developed to simulate the interaction between system electronics. Simulation results indicate that the system would remain consistently powered if placed behind a south-facing window that receives a consistent supply of direct sunlight and attenuates that light by less than 75%. These results also indicate that the unit would remain powered in the absence of light for 13 days. Similar methods could be used to evaluate future energy harvesting systems.


Children's peer relationships are important to their socioemotional and cognitive development; thus, understanding the determinants of such relationships is of ongoing interest. It was hypothesized that gender behaviors and affiliations would predict peer acceptance and victimization. Path analyses using data from 192 fourth graders showed that for both genders, engaging in feminine activities predicted less peer-reported acceptance and greater victimization, and engaging in masculine activities predicted greater peer acceptance. Affiliating with male peers was associated with greater peer-reported acceptance for both genders, and greater self-reported peer acceptance for boys. Indirect effects showed that the link between gender behaviors and victimization is mediated by peer acceptance. These findings support the contention that gender behaviors relate to the quality of children's relationships.


It was found that yield of Hydroxyl radicals produced in Cu(Ⅰ)-H 2O 2 system was 100 times more than that produced in Fenton reaction. A fluorimetry method for the determination of hydroxyl radicals was developed based on Phenylfluorone-Cu(Ⅰ)-H 2O 2 system. The excitation and emission wavelength were chosen at 500 nm and 420 nm. With measurement of fluorescence intensity, the content of hydroxyl radicals in the solution was successfully determined. The results of clearing experiment and ESR showed that the method was effective and reliable. This sensitive method can be appiled to sieve the hydroxyl radical scavenger.


We experimentally present a lab trial of PCE-based OSNR-aware dynamic restoration in multi-domain GMPLS-enabled translucent WSON, assessing the overall feasibility and quantitatively evaluating the service disruption time and path computation latency during end-to-end lightpath restoration.


The proof of coherent electron cooling (CeC) principle experiment is currently on-going and due to the limitations of the 5-cell SRF accelerating LINAC, the final achievable energy of the electron beam is 15 MeV, i.e. 68% of its originally designed value, 22 MeV [1]. Consequently, all evaluations and simulation results need to be revisited for the reduced beam energy. This work focuses on the requirements of the electron beam quality in order to achieve the desired amplification from the FEL amplifier of our CeC system. FEL AMPLIFIER OF THE PROOF OF CEC PRINCIPLE EXPERIMENT As shown in Fig. 1, the FEL amplifier of the CeC system consists of three helical undulators. Illustrated in Fig. 2, the length of each undulator is about 2.49 meters. The separations between any two adjacent undulators are 42.25 cm where phase shifters are installed to match the phase of electrons with that of the radiation [2]. The undulator period is 4 cm and for the current set-up, the undulator field on axis is 0.134 T, which correspond to an undulator parameter of 0.5. w a  The originally designed gain in the bunching factor is 100, requiring peak current about 100 A for 22-MeV electron beam with normalized RMS emittance smaller than 5 mm.mrad and RMS energy spread within 0.1%. During RHIC run 17, the CeC system is commissioned and it is found that the cavity voltage of the 5-cell SRF LINAC is limited to 13.5 MeV and hence the maximal achievable energy of the electron beam is 15 MeV. Apart from all necessary modifications of the diagnostic system, the cooling process needs to be re-visited and here we present our preliminary studies of the requirements on the electron beam qualities for achieving the desired gain from the FEL amplifier. TOOLS AND SIMPLIFICATIONS Since the FEL amplifier consists of three undulators with no quadruples in between, the beta functions vary along the amplifier section. Figure 3 (orange) shows the designed beta functions, which give minimal variation of the electron beam size along the amplifier. We use Genesis 1.3 to investigate what are the requirements on electron beam quality to achieve the bunching gain about 100 [3]. For a preliminary estimate, we simplify the FEL amplifier as a single undulator of 7.5-m long with the undulator period of 4 cm and undulator parameter of 0.5. Figure 2: Illustration of the FEL amplifier of the CeC experiment. Figure 3: Variation of beta function along the FEL amplifier. Orange: the designed beta function of the amplifier, which gives minimal variation of electron beam size. Blue: one of the un-optimized lattice designs where the beta function is matched at the middle undulator but the overall variation of beam size is large. Figure 1: Layout of the proof of CeC principle experiment at RHIC IP2. ________________________ * Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No.DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. # firstname.lastname@example.com 38th International Free Electron Laser Conference FEL2017, Santa Fe, NM, USA JACoW Publishing ISBN: 978-3-95450-179-3 doi:10.18429/JACoW-FEL2017-TUP039 Advanced Concepts & Techniques TUP039 319 Co nt en tf ro m th is w or k m ay be us ed un de rt he te rm so ft he CC BY 3. 0 lic en ce (© 20 18 ). A ny di str ib ut io n of th is w or k m us tm ai nt ai n at tri bu tio n to th e au th or (s ), tit le of th e w or k, pu bl ish er ,a nd D O I.


We analyzed three-dimensional shear wave speed structure beneath the Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) by surface wave tomography. We measured phase speed dispersions of Love and Rayleigh waves up to 4th higher mode using broadband seismic data on seafloor as well as those on land in and around the Pacific Ocean.


I entirely agree with the opening and closing remarks of AngeUka Zirker's article: "AUce often is not surprised although things happen that might be regarded as 'unexpected'" (19) and "[i]n Alice, Carroll shows that being surprised and not being surprised are not mutuaUy exclusive states but easily go together" (31). It seems to me that the dialectics of surprise and unsurprise provide an exceUent point of entry into the world of the two Alices. It is indeed surprising that AUce is so often not surprised or that when she is surprised, she is not that surprised. Often, we have the impression that, imitating Queen Victoria, she would like to say: "We are not surprised." But I am not so sure that this mixture of surprise and unsurprise, this possibiUty of a mUd form of schizophrenia, is to be ascribed solely to the psychology, or to the social position, of the chUd: my contention is that such mUd schizophrenia is not confined to the character, but has something to do with the genre of the text, with its relation to language and even with the processes of subjectivation which concern every human subject, and not only the chUd or infant.Let us start by moving from 'surprised' to 'curious/ The word, in the lexicon and in CarroU's text, is ambiguous between a subjective and an objective meaning. Hence the celebrated pun at the end of the first chapter of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, when the narrator makes one of his few comments on the character of Alice: "and once she remembered trying to box her ears for having cheated herseU In a game of croquet she was playing against herself, for this curious child was very fond of pretending to be two people" (15). And we duly note that the pun occurs in a context where the mUd schizophrenia I have diagnosed is hinted at. Indeed, the world of Wonderland is an objectively curious world ("'What a curious feeUng!' said AUce; ? must be shutting up Uke a telescope'" [14]), and AUce herseU, who is both surprised and unsurprised, is a subjectively curious child: curiosity may have kiUed the cat, but it is what propels AUce into her adventures. You have to be a curious chUd (in the objective sense) to see a white rabbit taking a watch out of its waistcoat pocket and muttering to himself; and you have to be a curious chUd (in the subjective sense) to foUow it down the rabbit hole. The first, objective, meaning of the adjective is faintly disapproving. AUce is moraUy constrained by her position as a Uttle girl and by her education, she has interiorised the maxims inculcated by her governess concerning decent language and decent behaviour, so finding herself in the middle of a fairy tale is an odd and sUghtly unbecoming experience for a well-bred young lady. But she obviously welcomes, nay actively seeks out, the experience, as the second, subjective sense of the adjective is positive and Uberating. By following the Rabbit down the rabbit-hole, AUce frees herself from social and family constraints and leads her own Ufe, a (temporary) Ufe of adventures: she becomes, in a mUd and fairly respectable way, a young adventuress. In her first, moraUy and sociaUy constrained, persona, she is surprised (at the characters' unusual and untoward behaviour) and unsurprised (because she knows what's right and normal: her governess has told her where the antipodes, or is it the antipathies, lie). In her second, Uberated, persona, she is unsurprised (she is prepared to accept anything out of the ordinary as 'natural,' as Zirker points out) and surprised (she experiences the deUght of the new, the pleasure of the encounter with the unexpected, whether man, beast or event).The question, therefore, is the following: is the dialectics of surprise and unsurprise a psychological one, to be ascribed to the mind of a child stiU under the sway of the pleasure principle and whose mental world contains as an integral part the world of fairy tales? I would like to suggest that if such psychological dialectics is apparent on the surface of the text, it has a deeper source and deeper significance. …


When consumers receive verbal information about a product's attributes,the influence of the affect they are experiencing on their product evaluations depends on their belief that the product should be judged on the basis of hedonic versus utilitarian criteria. When consumers see the product before they receive attribute information, however, the product's appearance can stimulate them to form an affect-based initial impression that they later use as a basis for judgments independent of the criteria they would otherwise apply. Consequently, the mood that consumers happen to be in has different effects on their judgments than it would otherwise.


For observing the complex gas solid two phase flow in a fluidized bed reactor, a particle dynamic analyser (PDA) is employed to record the instantaneous velocity of the particles in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB). The broadband frequency spectrum of the particle velocity is obtained by FFT, and by using wavelet transform, the dynamic characteristics of the velocity fluctuation and also the fine structure of the velocity fluctuation and also the fine structure of the velocity fluctuation are analyzed. Some conclusions are drawn.


This article deals with the determination of compromise integer strata sample sizes using goal programming in multivariate stratifled sampling. Firstly, the problem of determining optimum integer strata sample sizes is formulated for the univariate case, and then based on these individual optimal solutions, individual goal variances are calculated. A new compromise criteria is deflned for the goal programming approach based on predetermined or calculated goal variances. It is shown that the proposed approach provides relatively more e‐cient and feasible compromise integer strata sample sizes for multivariate surveys.


In this paper, we investigate the heat transfer of nanofluids based on power-law fluids and movement of nanoparticles with the effect of thermophoresis in a rotating circular groove. The velocity of circular groove rotating is a constant and the temperature on the wall is kept to be zero all the time which is different from the temperature of nanofluids in the initial time. The effects of thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion are considered in temperature and concentration equations, and it is assumed that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids is a function of concentration of nanoparticles. Based on numerical results, it can be found that nanofluids improve the process of heat transfer than base fluids in a rotating circular groove. The enhancement of heat transfer increases as the power law index of base fluids decreases.


Future telecommunications networks will consist of integrated packet-switched (IP and/or ATM), circuit-switched (PSTN) and wireless networks. Service providers will offer a wide portfolio of innovative applications over these integrated networks. Doing so rapidly and efficiently requires open network APIs, with a key API being that for call control as well as coordination and transactions. The JAIN community is defining an API for Java Call Control (JCC). The JCC API defines the interface for applications to initiate and manipulate calls. Note that in this context a call refers to a multimedia, multiparty, multi-protocol communications session. The JCC Edit Group of JAIN has defined the first version of the JCC API specification, which has been released in January 2001. This chapter describes the basic motivation and design of JCC 1.0.


Bottom-up data for carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide from the official national inventories (National Communications) were compared with data from EDGAR (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research) and top-down emission estimates, based on the results of dispersion and climate models using measured concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The aims of this preliminary study were to investigate the possibilities of comparing different types of emission inventories, to develop a methodology for this comparison and to use the results in an analysis to identify areas for improving the IPCC methodology. The main conclusion points to the value of an international program to review and evaluate national inventories of greenhouse gases. Both bottom-up and top-down emission data were found to improve the scientific understanding of the global and regional budgets. Data exchange promotes consensus on the data among scientists and policy-makers. For CO2 , it is not possible at the moment to estimate fossil fuel emissions derived from atmospheric measurements and global carbon dioxide budget calculations with more accuracy than for emissions based on bottom-up emission inventories. For CH4, a global or even a zonal comparison of bottom-up emission inventories with top-down results of transport models is possible; furthermore, uncertainty for specific sources may have been reduced. Uncertainties for N2O emissions are so large that we may expect both top-down and bottom-up emission estimates to benefit from results of a careful comparison of these emission estimates. Comparing national inventories with EDGAR data has identified areas for future improvement in the IPCC Guidelines.


Purpose. The evolution of the digital world and ambiguous access to knowledge have created a bifurcation between those who have the right skills versus those who have insufficient skills to use the new technologies. Amidst the fast-technological development, this research will answer fundamental questions on perceived value of active senior visitors (55+ years old) in the context of cultural heritage sites, when using immersive technologies and social media. Methodology. This work is based on a qualitative study. The single case study is considered a suitable research design when investigating in-depth a multifaceted social phenomenon such as active senior visitors' interactions with the new means of technological devices and immersive technologies at archeological museums. Findings. The findings show how epistemic, hedonic, functional, and social value are triggered before, during and after the visit by the active senior visitors. Practical implications. Our work provides several practical suggestions to museum managers specific for the four kinds of value and regarding traditional and non-traditional visitors. Originality/value. This paper contributes to cultural heritage literature conceptualizing technological experience for active senior travelers through illustrating an extended space in the pre/during/post phases of visit.


The present invention provides a method for supplying a recursive function for chemical elements simple means by the high light source and the light source efficiency. A light source has the bulb (2) filaments (1) heatable disposed within. Within the bulb (2), the gas or gas mixture is sealed. The gas or gas mixture is discharged from the filament (1) is suitable for supplying a recursive function for at least one chemical element returns to the filament (1) onto and / or filaments (1). The gas or gas mixture, for high energy efficiency, by simple means, so as to have a concentration of the compound the gas or gas mixture containing oxygen and / or oxygen, is formed, it is developed. Furthermore the method of supplying the recursive function for a chemical element in the light source is provided. .FIELD 1


A series of new liquid crystalline compounds, 1′,3′,3′-Trimethylspiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indolin]-6-yl 4-(4′-alkoxyphenylazo)benzoate, SP-APAB 1a ∼ 1f, has been synthesized. Their liquid crystallines were subjected to thermal analysis on a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), to texture of phases on a polarizing microscope and to phase transition on an X-ray diffraction and electro-optical measurement. Most of compounds examined exhibit monotropic nematic and SmA liquid crystal phases on cooling from isotropic liquid. Suprisingly, SP-APAB 1c is shown to exhibit monotropic SmC phase in addition. X-ray diffraction study of the layer spacing confirmed that there was a layer spacing in the range of two theta from 2.25 to 2.45 Å on the temperature near the phase transition from SmA to SmC.


Due to the countless difficulties observed in the dandling and obtaining of data end means for the produc tion of academic-scientific text, the project seeks elaboration of technological tools that you/they facilitate and make possible the production of scientific works, supplying, Iike this, the gaps left by the deficiency in the basic knowledge of computer science, biblioteconomia, scientific language and for the shortage of the data and means of information generated by the market manipu lation, inhibiting the execution ofacademic words. The project is guided in contributing for the development of the ethics and of the scientific attitudes, avoiding the mediocrity of the reproduc tion no scientific. Key-words: Technological tools; Deficiency in the ba sic knowledge of computer science; Unprepared ness in techni cal information of biblioteconomia and of the language with sci entific composition; Shortage; Ethical; Scientific attitudes. 9 AUNER PEREIRA CARNEIRO


This article reflects upon the development of the Policing Education Qualifications Framework (PEQF) in England and Wales and considers the implications it will have for policing degrees. Given the topic, the article is primarily forward-looking, but it draws upon the experiences of having worked closely with police for over 20 years in designing bespoke policing degree programmes. It is offered as an opinion piece. The PEQF represents a significant step change in the development of police training and education. In particular, it places tertiary education at the centre of all aspects of learning within the police organization. The article welcomes the PEQF as a significant opportunity to develop our understanding of police practice. In particular, it provides an impetus to explore ways of embedding learning and assessment within operational police practice. However, this will require both investment and a substantial change programme to ensure that police services have the appropriate infrastructure to support tertiary levels of learning and assessment. It will also require a cultural shift within both universities and police organizations. Most importantly, if the PEQF is to fulfil its potential, police services will need to embrace, promote, and enable reflective practitioners and become reflective practices in the fullest sense. If this is achieved, I argue, the policing degrees of tomorrow will be radically transformed for the better.


The authors propose a model for the spectral characteristics of respiratory sounds registered in the human trachea region. Signals are synthesized within three frequency intervals with due account for the specifics of respiratory sound parameters in the trachea region. The authors present the results of the modeling and verification of the signals synthesized by means of the model proposed.


This paper deals with a chemotaxis system with two chemicals in a smoothly bounded domain. It is proven that the solutions of the system are global and bounded as well as exponentially converge to the constant steady-state solutions under small initial conditions. The present work extends the results that in Tao and Winkler (2015) as well as Liu and Dai (2022) to fully parabolic chemotaxis system


The present invention provides a process for efficiently producing in a short time an isocyanurate-bond-containing modified polyisocyanate mixture which has such a low organic-polyisocyanate (monomer) content that no practical problems arise even without conducting the step of purification by distillation after reaction and which further has a low viscosity; and a catalyst for isocyanurate bond formation reactions which is for use in the process. The catalyst for isocyanurate bond formation reactions comprises a compound represented by the following general formula (1). The process comprises using the catalyst to cause an organic polyisocyanate to undergo an isocyanurate bond formation reaction to produce an isocyanurate-bond-containing modified polyisocyanate mixture. In the chemical formula 1, M is an alkaline earth metal; R1 and R2 may be the same or different and each represents C6-10 alkyl; and n is 0 or 1.


WASHINGTON (IP}-Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower said flatly yes_y that he "could not accept nomination to high political office." aDd thereby eased the anxieties of politicians who had feared the popular "Ike" might upset 1948's presidential applecart. liienhower sa'\d "necessary and.------------... subordination p! the military PAC A • t 3 d P ty lo civil powers wlll be best susgains r ar taJDed" if lifelong professional WASHINGTON (JP)-The CIO's JDldiers like himself do not seek political action {:ommittee lined up JIiIh political office. with opponents of a third party 'fbe 57-year oLd retiring army yesterday. The conunittee prompt~.I of staff, who will become ly opened a drive tor a minimum ~t of Columbia university of $l-a-head from 6,000,000 CIO 1II1II 7, made his flat declaration members to build a block. ward ill a Itt~ to a New Hampshire and precinct organization. suPPorter, Leonard V. Finder, pub• • • IIshfr of the Manchester Evening S 't T Be N . ? l)ac!er. WI %er 0 omln .. " MOlit supporters of other candi~ES MOI~ES (jIp) The Des _* interpreted the EisenhowerjMOlnes Register said last night IIJIOWIcement as increasing the that Carroll O. Switzer, Polk coundsances of their GOP hopefuls, a1ty attorney, may emerge from MIl Senator Butler (R-Neb.), conferences started yesterday as I bicker of Senator Taft, of Ohio, the Democratic candidate for Govraid he doubts the positions of ern or of Iowa. _ was changed by the action. Oemocratif, the Register said On the Democratic side, Senator it was re~ealed by a reliable J'1iings of Maryland said Eisensource, are trying to get agreeIIb1rtr's "withdrawal. in the emment of a halt dozen prospects pbaUc fashion he has used, foreupon one man who could be given It1lI the election next Jl{ovember a clear field in the Democratic or President Truman." Governorship primary :rune 2.


Constitutional rights developed mainly through the channel of the safeguard of property. The acquisitive instinct of man and his preoccupation with resistance of the deprivation of his possessions were fundamental to his effort to keep his neighbours as well as the community in check. Despite its claim as a 'natural' right, it has been recognised […]


The Tonse Alliance that made history in June by winning the rerun of the presidential election, the first time this has happened in Africa. It represented a triumph of Malawian democracy, undergirded, on the one hand, by the independence of the judiciary, and on the other, by the unrelenting political resilience and struggles of the Malawian people for democratic governance. In short, we can all be proud of Malawi's enviable record of political freedom. However, our democratic assets are yet to overcome huge developmental deficits. Our record of economic development and poverty eradication remains dismal, uneven, and erratic.


Abstract For the sake of economic design and safety requirement, the prediction of active earth pressure on laggings between stabilising piles is of great significance. However, the nonlinear distribution of active earth pressure on laggings between piles cannot be accurately predicted by using the classical theory. In this study, a novel method of calculating active earth pressure on laggings between piles is proposed based on the differential flat element method. For validation, calculations of the active earth pressure by using the novel method as well as other methods have been compared against the experimental results, indicating that the proposed method considering soil arching effect can well predict the active earth pressure on laggings. Furthermore, parametric analyses are conducted to examine of the most effective means of the piles and lagging system. It is concluded that the decrease rate of total active force flattens out when internal friction angle is larger than a certain degree and the lagging clear span suggests to be 1.5 to 1.7 times of pile diameter to meet economic requirements. This method can provide a reasonable estimation of the active earth pressure on laggings in the design of supporting structures.


The ultrastructure of the hypothalamic intraventricular blood vessels is studied in two fish: Salmo gairdneri, a primitive teleost and Gambusia affinis, a modern teleost. Morphological differences found between vessels belonging to the lateral and medial recesses in Salmo are described as well as contrasted with those of Gambusia.


We study the opto‐electrical properties of Natronomonas pharaonis sensory rhodopsin II (NpSRII) by using a near‐field microwave microprobe (NFMM) under external light illumination. To investigate the possibility of application of NFMM to biological macromolecules, we used time dependent properties of NPSRII before/after light activation which has three distinct states – ground‐state, M‐state, and O‐state. The diagnostic ability of NFMM is demonstrated by measuring the microwave reflection coefficient (S11) spectrum of NpSRII under steady‐state illumination in the wavelength range of 350–650 nm. Moreover, we present microwave reflection coefficient S11 spectra in the same wavelength range for two fast‐photocycling rhodopsins: green light‐absorbing proteorhodopsin (GPR) and Gloeobacter rhodopsin (GR). In addition the frequency sweep shift can be detected completely even for tiny amounts of sample (∼10–3 OD of rhodopsin). Based on these results NFMM shows both very high sensitivity for detecting conformational changes and produces a good time‐resolved spectrum. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Abstract : This document derives the initial growth rate for an acoustic instability in gas relaxing from a nonequilibrium distribution of energy among its internal degrees of freedom. The theory is then applied to laser-heated, reduced density channels. These channels are formed in nitrogen, by a focused laser pulse. The excess vibrational energy which is frozen in when the channels expand is shown to be insufficient to account for the observed development of turbulence inside the channels. As energy principle analysis shoes the channels are stable to small disturbances, despite the gas having a temperature dependent specific heat, if the gas remains in thermal equilibrium.


Inverse U‐shaped profiles of platinum in silicon were obtained after diffusion at 700 °C. Deep level transient spectroscopy was used to determine the platinum concentrations in various depths of the samples. In the bulk, a higher concentration of platinum was found than at the surface. Therefore, these platinum profiles are called ''inverse U‐shaped profiles.'' These diffusion profiles can be described by the Frank–Turnbull mechanism, assuming that the initial concentration of vacancies is higher than their equilibrium concentration. Therefore, the observation of inverse U‐shaped profiles after platinum diffusion may serve as the evidence that diffusion processes, which involve vacancies, are determined in the bulk by the initial vacancy concentration and not by the vacancy equilibrium concentration at temperatures of ∼850 °C and below.


The translational ethics embedded in Bian Zhilin's three principles of "faithfulness,similarity; translation" has been ignored in the translation circle of China.The aims of "faithfulness" are to break off the chains imposed by Yan Fu's "faithfulness,expressiveness,elegance" on translators and to emphasize the loyalty of the target text to the source text;the purposes of "translation" are to end the meaningless dispute between literal translation and free translation and to criticize the undesirable phenomena that translators sacrifice the target text's loyalty to the source text for the sake of the target text's beauty;the reasons for "similarity" are that translators can not achieve complete equivalence in literary translation and that translators have to make the target text correspond with the norms of the culture of the target language.The translational ethics embedded in "faithfulness" and "translation" is ethics of representation,while the translational ethics reflected in "similarity" is norm-based ethics.The two translational ethics are mediated by means of rendering faithfulness on the basis of similarity.


Although rapid evolution of pericentromeric satellite DNA repeats is theorized to promote hybrid incompatibility (HI)(1–4), how divergent repeats affect hybrid cells remains poorly understood. Recently, we demonstrated that sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins cluster satellite DNA from multiple chromosomes into 'chromocenters', thereby bundling chromosomes to maintain the entire genome in a single nucleus(5, 6). Here we show that ineffective clustering of divergent satellite DNA in the cells of Drosophila hybrids results in chromocenter disruption, associated micronuclei formation and tissue atrophy. We further demonstrate that previously identified HI factors trigger chromocenter disruption and micronuclei in hybrids, linking their function to a conserved cellular process. Together, we propose a unifying framework that explains how the widely observed satellite DNA divergence between closely related species can cause reproductive isolation.


Abstract The paper addresses the problem of exact average-consensus reaching in a prespecified time. The communication topology is assumed to be defined by a weighted undirected graph and the agents are represented by integrators. A nonlinear control protocol which ensures a finite-time convergence is proposed. With the designed protocol, any a priori specified convergence time can be guaranteed regardless of the initial conditions.


Recent peer—to—peer research has focused on providing efficient lookup systems.These systems have good properties when their al-gorithms are executed correctly but have not generally considered how to handle misbehaving nodas.This paper focuses on the remaining attacks thatthreaten the security of the system,by preventing participants from finding data.This paper defines a security token security model for addressing se-curity within peer—to—peer systems environment.


The environment surrounding Wolf-Rayet (W-R) star HD 211853 is studied in molecular, infrared, as well as radio, and H i emission. The molecular ring consists of well-separated cores, which have a volume density of 103 cm−3 and kinematic temperature ∼20 K. Most of the cores are under gravitational collapse due to external pressure from the surrounding ionized gas. From the spectral energy distribution modeling toward the young stellar objects, the sequential star formation is revealed on a large scale in space spreading from the W-R star to the molecular ring. A small-scale sequential star formation is revealed toward core "A," which harbors a very young star cluster. Triggered star formations are thus suggested. The presence of the photodissociation region, the fragmentation of the molecular ring, the collapse of the cores, and the large-scale sequential star formation indicate that the "collect and collapse" process functions in this region. The star-forming activities in core "A" seem to be affected by the "radiation-driven implosion" process.


This paper presents a basic review and explanation of the predictive control, discusses the inherent inadequacies with the control/error weighting scheme employed by the predictive control, and recommends some modifications to greatly improve its performance. Some simple examples are presented at the end of the paper to verify that the enhanced weighted scheme does, indeed, improve the predictive controller's performance. Recommendations are also made on the implementation of the new controller


The purposes of this article are to explain the nature and kinds of prerequisites involved in learning critical reading skills and describe some classroom lessons and activities which can be employed to build these abilities with all kinds of students. Each lesson described will need some slight adaptation to fit the exact requirements of a given classroom and/or teacher. CRITICAL READING AND TODA V'S ADOLESCENT Donald C. Cushenberry UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA AT OMAHA Of all of the areas of reading skill development, the component of critical reading may well be one of the most neglected on the part of both students and teachers. Most reading authorities agree that emphasis on critical reading should begin as early as the primary grades. There are many opportunities for primary and intermediate children to respond to questions and situations which call for high level evaluative answers. The key to effective development of critical reading appears to be centered around the teacher's attitudes and what she or he demands of students with regard to concept retention. If the instructor requires the memory of isolated facts apart from honest inquiry, the pupil will be ill equipped in giving divergent responses when requested. All teachers at the secondary level must understand that they have many opportunities to enlarge the critical skill levels of all students. The areas of science and social studies lend themseleves especially well to the direct, planned teaching of these competencies. The field of journalism with study of the formation of advertisements presents a chance for the instructor to discuss the nature and use of various propaganda techniques such as band wagon, card stacking, identification with prestige, and name calling. The purposes of this article are to explain the nature and kinds of prerequisites involved in learning critical reading skills and describe some classroom lessons and activities which can be employed to build these abilities with all kinds of students. Each lesson described will need some slight adaptation to fit the exact requirements of a given classroom and/or teacher. Prerequisz'tes for Effective Critical Reading Some students can process, understand, and develop critical reading skills in a satisfactory manner, while others cannot. There are numerous conditions or prerequisites which must be present if the effective learning of these skills is to take place. First, the reader must be as free from bias and prejudice as possible. While the classroom content teacher probably cannot deal directly with this facet, a frank discussion of this factor and how it influences one's critical thinking skills may be appropriate. Unfortunately, many persons who have relatively high levels of intelligence are hampered by bias and thus cannot read critically concerning certain sensitive issues. Second, all learners must understand that what they read in newspapers and magazines mayor may not be factual in nature. 1 ,2 They must decide if the stated conclusions and implications are based on actual facts or if they


International negotiation is the basic way of diplomacy,and the important method of disputes resolution. Through negotiation theorists'systematic research,international negotiation theory (IRT) has reached a considerable level in the West.This paper introduces the contents of IRT,especially models,influencing factors,and methodology of negotiation process, aims to be as a theoretical reference of contemporary diplomats and a supplement of our research.


This paper presents the latest results on block turbo codes and also an analysis of the possible implementations of a block turbo decoder circuit. Simulation results show that the SNR (signal to noise ratio) required to achieve a BER (Bit Error Rate) of 10/sup -5/ with block turbo codes is 2.5/spl plusmn/0.2 dB from their Shannon limit for any code rate. We have identified three different solutions for implementing the block turbo decoder circuit. After discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the different solutions, we give the results of the degradation of the performance of the block turbo decoder circuit due to data quantization. Finally, in our conclusion, we discuss how to reduce the complexity of the algorithm for its implementation.


Recently, in the framework of the Poincare gauge theory (PGT), I) the question of the total energy and spin of an isolated system has been discussed in some detail, assuming that the spacetime around the system is asymptotically flat. 2 ) In the present paper we would like to relax the assumption of asymptotic flatness, and asymptotical· ly only require a spacetime of constant curvature, because exact solutions of the PGT typically approach a de Sitter space for increasing radial coordinate r.3) The underlying spacetime of the PGT is a Riemann-Cartan spacetime with torsion and curvatures:


Model‐based Systems Engineering is proposed as a graphical approach to support for‐malization of system artifacts across system lifecycle based on models since 1993. The previous motivation of graphical specification is to provide a unified graphical description on the perspective of systems engineering in order to formalize system architectural views, to promote communications among stakeholders and to support system analysis and verification. However, when different modeling tools are developed based on such graphical specifications, model and data interoperability across modeling tools is the biggest challenge faced by the tool venders and MBSE practitioners. Thus, semantic specification is proposed again to enhance data interoperability, such as SysML 2.0 as a possible solution. In this paper, we propose a new semantic MBSE language and framework aiming to support complex system development using a semantic two‐core mechanism: 1) KARMA language and 2) Industrial Ontologies Foundry (IOF) SE and MBSE ontology. Then, we introduce the KARMA Roadmap 2025 including technical vision, organizational views and standardization. A new KARMA open‐source modeling environment is planned to being created in order to provide MBSE application for more industrial practitioners.


The current classification system for Myelodysplastic Syndromes lumps all therapy-related (tMDS) into one subgroup assuming all tMDS had the same poor prognosis. We have put together a database including 2032 patients with a diagnosis of tMDS from several different IWG centers and the MDS clinical research consortium.
 With the idea of developing an individual scoring system for tMDS, we decided to start by optimizing the cytogenetic part of the IPSSR. First, we did an extensive review of karyotypes. Finally, 1245 patients had complete data and correct ISCN formula to be used for score development. We could show regarding karyotypes there are very limited differences between primary and tMDS. Mainly the distribution of risk groups differs with complex occurring more (37%) and normal karyotypes occurring less frequent, although still accounting for 30%. There are few exceptions that are relatively special for tMDS, like translocations including 11q23. A few karyotypes are less frequent; therefore, we could not evaluate the value of IPSS-R cytogenetics for all karyotypes.
 However, if we apply IPSS-R cytogenetics to our patient cohort, we can separate 5 different risk groups as in pMDS. We tested the performance of the score by using the Dxy. As main endpoint we chose transformation-free survival giving better information about the severity of the disease compared to the single endpoints survival and AML transformation that where calculated for completeness as well. The Dxy for the IPSS-R cytogenetic part is 0.31 for transformation-free survival. This indicates an effective prognostic performance although not as good as in pMDS. Several attempts were done to develop a tMDS specific cytogenetic score. The best draft scoring component achieves a Dxy of 0.33. Counting the number of aberrations achieves a score of 0.30. If normal clone present or not is added, the performance of this very simple model is improved with a Dxy of 0.32.
 As we could show, all these different approaches lead to a comparable performance. One can argue that still regarding a few karyotypes the prognostic impact is slightly different between p and tMDS (e.g. +8). On the other hand, the most practical approach seems to be to adopt the original cytogenetic part of the IPSS-R for further score development since clinicians do not need to use different scoring systems for different MDS subtypes.
 While the final analyses for the development of a tMDS specific risk score are currently under way, extensive calculations regarding the performance of different scores like WHO- (Dxy 0.24), FAB-classification (Dxy 0.19), WPSS-R (Dxy 0.35), IPSS-R (Dxy 0.37), and IPSS-R+age (Dxy 0.36), show all these systems can separate different risk groups within our cohort. However, these results also show an inferior performance of the scoring systems in t compared to pMDS. There are multiple possible reasons for this. The most important seem to be tMDS patients are often not cured from the primary disease and its disease specific risk of death should ideally be considered. Unfortunately, we don't have that data. And second, we included treated as well as untreated patients. It seems not to be feasible otherwise since the selection bias for old unfit patients would be unacceptable. We could show already in pMDS that the score performances are considerably worse if we analyze treated patients and the score performance in our cohort is better if limited to untreated patients.
 To conclude, we can say existing classification and scoring systems work in tMDS and can separate groups with clearly different risk for death and transformation. Although we could not develop a tMDS specific cytogenetic score this could be seen positively since it underlines tMDS do not seem to be much different regarding disease specific risk. This should initiate a discussion of a revision of the WHO-classification and encourage clinicians to use the existing tools for risk assessment and treatment decisions. A simple solution could be to use the WHO classification for pMDS and precede each subgroup with a t, like tMDS-SLD, and so on. Such an approach would be of importance for patients falsely classified as tMDS. After all this classification is done according to anamnestic information only and sporadic cases cannot be excluded.
 Until now, in the first analyzes performed with the final tMDS-database, we did not find any indication that risk factors established in pMDS would lose or change their meaning in tMDS.
 Figure. Figure.

 Komrokji: Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Sekeres:Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Opsona: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Opsona: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. List:Celgene: Research Funding. Roboz:Orsenix: Consultancy; Eisai: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Celltrion: Consultancy; Astex Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Argenx: Consultancy; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Argenx: Consultancy; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Cellectis: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Sandoz: Consultancy; Otsuka: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Eisai: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Roche/Genentech: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Celltrion: Consultancy; Celgene Corporation: Consultancy; Cellectis: Research Funding; Orsenix: Consultancy; Aphivena Therapeutics: Consultancy; Otsuka: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Sandoz: Consultancy; Roche/Genentech: Consultancy; Aphivena Therapeutics: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; Astex Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Celgene Corporation: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy. Döhner:Jazz: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astex Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; Agios: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; AROG Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Astex Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; AROG Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Sunesis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celator: Consultancy, Honoraria; Agios: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celator: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astellas: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Astellas: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sunesis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Jazz: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria. Valent:Pfizer: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Incyte: Honoraria. Platzbecker:Celgene: Research Funding. Lübbert:TEVA: Other: Study drug; Celgene: Other: Travel Support; Cheplapharm: Other: Study drug; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding. Díez-Campelo:Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Stauder:Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Teva: Research Funding. Germing:Janssen: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding.


Based on some simplification and assumption of one-dimensional finite-strain consolidation theory and Barron axisymmetric consolidation theory, a finite-strain consolidation governing equation for vertical drains ground is established. Based on the finite-strain consolidation equation for double-layered vertical drains in soft soil and the computing program in some literatures,the power function relationships of permeability coefficient-void ratio k=cedand effective stress-void ratio e=a(δ)bfor soft soil are introduced; and some examples calculation of consolidation behaviors of double-layered vertical drains ground are carried out under instantaneous loading. The obtained results show that:(1) Some important influence on the consolidation behaviors of double-layered vertical drains ground of various parameters in power function permeability and compressibility relationships for double-layered soft clay soil are as follows. With the increase of parameters c1, c2of power function permeability relationship(the increase of permeability), or parameters a1, a2of power function compressibility relationship for soft soil, the void ratios in the radial and vertical directions decrease faster; and the dissipation velocity of excess pore water pressure and the settlement rate are also accelerated; the settlement development rate is faster than the dissipation velocity of excess pore water pressure.(2) The void ratio and average excess pore water pressure at the interface of double-layered soft soil present significant mutation, of which the distribution curve along the depth is divided into two sections with different consolidation behaviors.


A nickel cobalt oxide nanoparticle modified graphite paste electrode (NiCo2O4@GP) was developed to detect and quantify metanil yellow traces (MY) present in food particles and is presented in this paper. Nanoparticles of nickel cobalt oxide (NiCo2O4) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealing 18.75 nm crystallite size and these nanoparticles were used to modify a graphite paste electrode. The performance of the fabricated electrodes was studied using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). NiCo2O4@GP displayed a wide linear range of 5 to 1000 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a limit of detection of 100 nM under optimal experimental conditions. Additionally, NiCo2O4@GP was highly repeatable, reproducible, and stable over time. Despite interferences such as sodium, potassium, zinc ions, and curcumin, the NiCo2O4@GP electrode was observed to be highly selective for MY. When exposed to real turmeric powder samples, NiCo2O4@GP exhibited remarkable electrochemical behavior.


A review of the contemporary issues in optical computing is presented. The optical systems and techniques which are used to implement different functional sub units of a digital computer are elaborated. Several architectures that are being explored for digital optical computing are described. Some issues relating to organisational and functional aspects of optical computing, such as cellular automata, symbolic substitution, optical artificial intelligence and optical neural network are also discussed.


Abstract There are different meanings associated with consequentialism and teleology. This causes confusion, and sometimes results in discussions based on misunderstandings rather than on substantial disagreements. To clarify this, we created a survey on the definitions of 'consequentialism' and 'teleology', which we sent to specialists in consequentialism. We broke down the different meanings of consequentialism and teleology into four component parts: Outcome-Dependence, Value-Dependence, Maximization, and Agent-Neutrality. Combining these components in different ways we distinguished six definitions, all of which are represented in the philosophical literature. We asked the respondents which definition is best for consequentialism and for teleology. The most popular definition of consequentialism was the one which accepted value-dependence, but not maximization and agent-neutrality. We therefore recommend the use of this meaning to avoid misunderstandings. The results for teleology were more problematic, with several respondents claiming they never use the term, or indicating that it is confusing.


A research project has been initiated to improve crash test and analysis correlation. The research has focused on two specimen types: simple metallic beams and plates; and a representative composite fuselage section. Impact tests were performed under carefully controlled conditions. In addition, the specimens were densely instrumented to enable not only correlation with finite element simulations, but to also assess the repeatability of the data. Simulations utilizing a detailed finite element model were executed in a nonlinear transient dynamic code. The results presented in this paper concentrate on the effect of several data reduction processes, to include filtering frequency and sampling rate, on the correlation accuracy.


I t has been stated b y Beniasch (1) that the acid flocculation optimum of bacteria is referable only to the CH + and is not influenced by the unionized acid or the anion of the acid. This concept may hold for buffer mixtures made up of certain acids and their sodium salts. But certain buffer mixtures exist which are composed of an acid plus some totally different substance, bearing no close chemical relationship to the acid. Examples of such buffer mixtures are glycocollHC1 and glycocoll-Na acetate-NaH2PO~-HC1. These have been found by the writer (2) to be very useful in acid agglutination studies. I t is important to learn whether such buffer substances exert an effect on the acid agglutination point of bacteria, which might differ from the values found for the Michaelis (3) series.


Aromatic polyimides are well accepted as high-performance polymer materials for their excellent mechanical strength and high thermal stability and balanced mechanical and electrical properties [1-5]. Polyimides are mainly used in the aerospace and electronics industries in the form of film and mouldings, but high melting points and insolubility in organic solvents limited their applications [6-9]. The initial method of overcoming the intractability of the polyimides utilized the poly(amic Synthesis and Characterization of New Aromatic Poly(amide-imide-urea)s Derived from bis(4-Trimellitimidophenyl) urea and Various Aromatic Diamines Ahmad Banihashemi, Bahman Tamami, and Amir Abdolmaleki


Objective:Discuss the effect of biyuanshu oral liquid in the treatment of chronic nasosinusitis and nasal polyp during the perioperative period.Methods:The randomized controlled trial was adopted for study.Included cases were divided into biyuanshu group and control group according to randomized number table.Cases in biyuanshu group were treated with quinolone antibiotic for 7days and fushuliang spray for the nose twice a day.The biyuanshu oral liquid was given 10 ml each time and 3 times a day for successive 20 days after the functional endoscopic sinus surgery.Cases in the control group had the same treatment except without talcing biyuanshu oral liguid.Patients' condition were recorded and scored by doctor and patient himself before operation. Cases were followed up for 2 months after operation and patients' condition were recorded on 7th,14 th,30 th and 60 th day and the condition of the nasal cavity during irrigation and record whether there was any side effect were all recorded.The SPSS11.5 was used to do the statistics.Result:Fifty cases were included.In the biyuanshu group the average age of 26 patients was 39 years old with 21 males and 5 females and the average age of 24 patients was 41 years in the control group with 17 males and 7 females.Researcher' assessment、patients assessment、the result of relief rate of headache、blockage of nose、degenerative olfaction according to the score assessed before and after operation.There was no satistics difference between the two groups.Purulent nasal discharge had statistical difference between biyuanshu group and control group.Conclusion:Biyuanshu oral liguid could reduce purulent nasal disdiarge during perioperative period.Using biyuanshu oral lignid was safe.