Criminal Woman, the Prostitute, and the Normal Woman, by Cesare Lombroso and Guglielmo Ferrero, was first published in Italy in 1893. While Lombroso was the actual author ofthe text, Ferrero was instrumental in the collection ofnotes and compiling of data for the actual text in its originaI version of 640 pages. Nicole Hahn Rafter and Mary Gibson, the two translators and editors to this new translation of La donna delinquente, have chosen not to translate the full 640page manuscript. They have translated Lombroso' s preface and edited versions of 31 chapters from the four parts ofthe originaI text. In this, they follow what already had been done in 1895 by the previous translators. In this new English edition of the Criminal Woman, the introduction offers many a thought. Manyare the claims made in this new translation to Lombroso's work. Particularly, there is the editors' insistence on the misinterpretation ofLombroso's findings. The editors' introduction defines the goals of the new edition, the two-fold purpose of providing for the first time an adequate translation ofLombroso's work and, more importantly, "to lay foundations for an emerging new generation ofLombroso's scholarship" (5). Rafter and Gibson' s contention is that Lombroso 's work has been quite misunderstood, with the result of misleading research and results, partly resulting from "incomplete or garbled records." They want to bring full light on the work of Lombroso and clear the field of research from misunderstandings due, as they claim, to poor or incomplete translations. Rafter and Gibson also add that, particuIarly in these years, wÌth intensive research done on the Human Genome Project and DNA identification of offenders, Lombroso's theories are very important. A reievant addition to Lombroso's transiation is the presence of32 reproductions ofLombroso's drawings. They contribute, as it is not difficult to appreciate, to the sense of the intellectual and medicaI pursuits of the doctor who was instrumental in the reaching of a method in the analysis of offenders; who intervened with his own medicaI skills in the social chain of crime-punishment in the attempt to understand in its fullness the possible causes of deviation for these human beings. Criminal Woman is a follow-up to the theory on the man Lombroso had worked on, from which a text that preceded the publication ofthis text on women. Lombroso's findings on female criminals are that offenders are physically marked by anomalies and imperfections. Criminal Woman wants to understand the nature of female crime. But Lombroso found what the editors rightly say it to be "an intractable problem." Rafter and Gibson note:


The 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to three researchers—Roger Penrose, Reinhard Genzel, and Andrea Ghez—for work leading to the discovery of black holes, regions in space imbued with ...


Carrie, they generally focus on the disagreements between the author and his publisher, the Doubleday and Page company. The production history of the novel, in brief, begins with Doubleday and Page accepting the manuscript in the spring of 1900. In the summer of that year, Walter Hines Page sent a letter to Dreiser attempting to renege on the contract to publish. Apparently, Dreiser's treatment of Carrie's sexuality made him apprehensive, as the fictional character lives "in sin" throughout a good deal of the narrative. In addition, the author vexed Page by using actual names and places in his fiction. Both of these objections are comprehensible: the former due to fear of public censure, the latter out of deference to those who would have preferred that their names and establishments not appear in such a scandalous work. Dreiser persisted in having the publisher honor its acceptance and left many of the real names and places in the book. It was published in 1900, sold half of its run of 1,000 copies, and went out of print. In 1907 B. W. Dodge and Co. reissued it, and it has remained in print ever since (Pizer 433-470). In this explanation, the work, although not actually suppressed, is


Abstract : The sign test can be used to obtain significance tests for the population median under extremely general conditions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the power efficiency of the significance tests for the median formed in this way for the particular case in which each observation is drawn from the same normal population. For the cases considered, it is found that the power efficiency is almost always decreased by using two or more subsets rather than all the observations as a single set; sometimes this decrease in power efficiency is very large. Also, for a given significance level, it is found that the power efficiency can vary noticeably with the manner in which the test is formed.


OBJECTIVE:To improve the drug delivery procedures and reduce the defects occurred in drug delivery.METHODS:The five procedures of six sigma including defining,measuring,analyzing,improving and controlling were applied to improve the drug delivery in our hospital's single dose dispensing(UDD)center.RESULTS:Due to the application of the six sigma method,the defect rate of drug delivery dropped from 25.1%(before the initiation of the six sigma method)to 5%(after the initiation of the six sigma method),which was significant lower as compared before the initiation of the six sigma method.CONCLUSION:Six sigma method contributed to the reduction of defect rate of drug delivery,so it deserves to be widely used in each management link in UDD center so as to improve the quality of dispensing.


Words used to be considered as the minimum unit of language storage and output,but the formulaic,fixed or partially-fixed structures,namely,lexical chunks turn to take its place in recent research.Comparison is made between lexical approach and traditional grammar approach based on the classification and definition of lexical chunks.The positive impact of lexical chunks acquisition is discussed on relieving psychological pressure and improving writing ability.


The article is devoted to the methodological contradictions of modern theories of crises and economic development. The critical analysis is carried out and the inconsistency of technological conceptions of global crisis is revealed. The key role of institutions in progress of technologies is proved. The necessity of synthesis of technological and institutional paradigms for the evolutionary economic theory is given reason. The author discusses positive features of the increase in transaction costs in a phase of post-crisis restoration of economy.


The M-PDP(Military photoelectric system-Product Developing Process) model based on time is described that can be used to the Business Process Reengineering of the new-product-developing management for the military high-technology equipment.According to the third generation SGS(Stage-Gate System),three main stages are set up in the model.Corresponding the characteristics of the managing operation process in the military research project,each examine gate is combined with an activity of process.The concept of "Activity-Examine Couple" is presented to simplifying the processes analyse.The M-PDP model is useful to reflect the managing process of the project,represent their serial or concurrent connection and estimate whether an activity or examination is valuable or not.


This special issue consists of a collection of papers on the latest advances in cognitive, cellular, and mobile networks. It consists of the top papers selected and extended from The Cognitive, Cellular, and Mobile Networks (CCM) Track of 24th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN 2015), held in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. August 3 – August 6, 2015, as well as open call submissions. We hope that this SI will serve as good references for engineers, scientists, researchers, and academics in the field of Cognitive, Cellular, and Mobile Networks.


The global prevalence of diabetes is rising, and is projected to exceed 380 million by 2025. Of concern is that the greatest changes in prevalence are expected in lower- and middle-income countries. F


Objective To observe the effect of the demethylation agent 5-Aza-CdR on the demethylation of Rassf1a gene in poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line(CNE-2Z).Methods The experimental cells were treated with 5-Aza-CdR,and the control cells were untreated.The methylation specific PCR(MSP) was used to test the methylation status of the cells.The immunocytochemistry was used to observe the expression of Rassf1a gene.The growth curve and the plate clone efficiency test were used to test the ability of the growth and clone formation of the cells.Results The Rassf1a gene in CNE-2Z cells was in high degree of methylation and negative expression.Treated with 5-Aza-CdR,Rasssf1a gene in the cells remained high methylation and negative expression on the first two days,half demethylation on the third day,and full demethylation on the fourth day.Two days after the 5-Aza-CdR was removed,the gene still remained full demethylation.As the methylation was deprived,the gene expression was recovered,the ability of growth and clone formation of the cells obviously decreased.Conclusion Rassf1a gene loses expression in CNE-2Z cells because of high methylation.5-Aza-CdR might fully induce demethylation of rassf1a gene and improve its expression in CNE-2Z cells,and obviously inhibit the ability of growth and clone formation of the cells.


Objective: To investigate the rule of evoke cortical potential during hemorrhagic shock. To know about the basic principle of pathophysiology of the change of the brain's potential during hemorrhagic shock. Methods: According to blood pressure, evoke potential values of each blood pressure point were recorded and compared them. Seven rabbits were for this experiment. Results: With the blood pressure decreasing, positive wave values were decreasing (F=44.02, P0.01), but it was static at 90~70 mmHg ( 11.97~9.31 kPa ) , negative wave values were decreasing with the blood pressure decreasing(F= 36.244 , P0.05), but at 90~80 mmHg (11.97~10.64 kPa)、70~60 mmHg (9.31~7.98 kPa) was static; p p values were tending to decreasing during this experiment(F=124.503, P0.01). Conclusion: Evoke cortical potential has its regular change during hemorrhagic shock. It takes advantage to clinical treatment and supervise.


Abstract There are seven species of skates (family Rajidae) found along the East Coast of the USA. All seven species are currently managed by the New England Fisheries Management Council as a single management complex extending from the Gulf of Maine to Cape Hatteras. The objective of the management plan is to ensure the long-term sustainability of fishing for each species via a trip limit approach. Two species are harvested in two distinct commercial fisheries. Northeast Fisheries Science Center trawl survey data and published literature were examined to investigate differences between the individual species in the skate complex. Each species exhibited a unique thermal and geographic range in addition to vital life history traits (e.g., age at maturity, longevity, and maximum size). Thorny Skate Amblyraja radiata and Smooth Skate Malacoraja senta have narrow thermal ranges and maintain a more northern distribution. Barndoor Skate Dipturus laevis have a moderate thermal habitat. Little Skate Leucoraja eri...


The paper presents an innovative optimal control strategy solution for an energy system that consists of combining thermal and electrical energy (Combining Heat and Power - CHP) with the interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources - RES, allowing efficient hybrid energy generation. The consumer's electricity and thermal energy needs are controlled by means of a dedicated microgrid system (MG). The optimization strategy was validated by controlling the HVAC system of a building and aims to satisfy two main objectives: i) minimizing the energy absorbed from the traditional electrical network and ii) guaranteeing acceptable thermal comfort conditions. The proposed demand response program is a parameterized feedback control strategy where the parameters depend on the thermal state of the building, but also on the occupancy pattern of the microgrid.


The problem of pounding between adjacent buildings, as it leads to damage of buildings, and sometimes total collapse is particularly important in Egypt, due to the presence of large areas in Cairo, and other cities, where buildings are erected totally adjacent to each other, with very small, or even no distance between them. The structural behavior of buildings under the effect of pounding is simulated using 3-D finite element analysis of the buildings, while modeling the pounding effect at several points along each floor level, by introducing special nonlinear gap elements between the 2 buildings at these points. Time-history analysis of several buildings is performed in 3-D, under the effect of actual earthquake records scaled according to the Egyptian code of practice specifications for Cairo area. A parametric study is conducted to assess the effect of building height, and separation distance on the pounding behavior of the buildings. In addition, the effect of the torsional behavior of buildings on the pounding phenomenon is investigated for the case where the strong structural elements in one of the buildings are shifted to one side so as to cause high torsional movements. A detailed discussion of all analysis results is presented, together with comparisons with the provisions of the local Egyptian Code of Practice. Final conclusions related to the structural behavior of buildings subjected to pounding are presented with emphasis on the actual case of zero gap distance which is highly common in Cairo's old districts.


We study cross-country differences in monetary policy transmission across the large four euro-area countries (France, Germany, Italy and Spain) using a large Bayesian vector autoregressive model with endogenous prior selection. Drawing both on the posterior distributions of the cross-country differences in impulse responses as well as on a battery of other tests, we find real output to respond less negatively in Spain to monetary policy tightening than in the other three countries, while the decline in the price level is weaker in Germany. Bond yields rise more strongly and more persistently in France and Germany than in Italy and Spain.


Graphene thin films synthesized directly at low temperature (550 ̊C) on silicon substrate by microwave (MW) surface wave plasma (SWP) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using the cover on substrates for avoiding plasma emission ultraviolet ray's effect during film deposition. Analytical methods such as Raman spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), four-point probe method, and JASCO V-570 UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer were employed to characterize the properties of the graphene films. Here, we report that it is possible to grow graphene directly on the silicon substrate (without using catalyst) due to the high radical density of MW SWP CVD. Furthermore, we fabricated graphene/ silicon Schottky junction solar cells with an efficiency of up to 6.39%. Compared to conventional silicon solar cells, the fabrication process is greatly simplified; just graphene is synthesized directly on n-type crystalline Si substrate at low temperate.


This study presents an initial synthesis of GPS observations focusing on different parts of the Dead Sea Fault System (DSFS) in order to construct a comprehensive view of crustal deformation along the entire length of this left-lateral, transform boundary between the Arabian and Sinai plates. As one of the main tectonic elements in the eastern Mediterranean region, an understanding the kinematics of the DSFS elucidates the broader understanding of the regional tectonic framework. Furthermore, reconciling short-term (geodetic) measurements of crustal strain with neotectonic data on fault movements can yield insight into the mechanical and rheological properties of crustal deformation. In addition to regional continuous GPS stations, this study assembles results from GPS networks in Syria (observed 2000 2008), Lebanon (observed 2002 2008), and Jordan (observed 2005 2008). Older GPS survey sites yield velocity uncertainties less than 0.8 mm/yr, whereas the newer sites (i.e., those first measured in 2005) have uncertainties around 1.0 mm/yr. Analysis of the GPS velocities using elastic dislocation models suggests slip rates of 4.0 5.0 mm/yr along the southern section, 4.0 4.6 mm/yr within the central restraining bend, and a maximum of 2.1 3.1 mm/yr along the northern DSFS. Additionally, the modeled locking depths of the fault are deeper (15 25 km) along the southern and central DSFS, whereas they are shallower (5 10 km) along the northern DSFS. This difference in slip rates is also consistent with differing ٢٠١٧/ ١٠/ ٣ A comprehensive GPS velocity field along the Dead Sea fault system: A preliminar http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFM.T54C..03J 3/3 Add this article to private library Remove from private library Submit corrections to this record View record in ADS Bumblebee estimates of total fault slip since the mid Miocene: 20 25 km along the northern DSFS versus about 45 km along the southern DSFS. Hence, the northern DSFS appears to be kinematically different from other two segments. This may, in part, reflect internal deformation within both the Arabian and Sinai plates. The improved understanding of kinematic variations along the DSFS suggest that the Dead Sea Fault System may not behave as a "simple" transform, and these will contribute to a more robust estimate of the associated earthquake hazard. Bibtex entry for this abstract Preferred format for this abstract (see Preferences ) Find Similar Abstracts: Use: Authors Title


Thank you for downloading librarians agreements bargaining for a heterogeneous profession. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this librarians agreements bargaining for a heterogeneous profession, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their computer.


The interim measures proceedings are useful for the plaintiffs, which can find in France an outlet that is closed at the EU level. Often used – too often maybe and not always for good reason - the…


An Internet Map Server (IMS) web site was constructed with the goal of helping middlethrough high-school students learn about ocean processes. This IMS was developed in conjunction with the activities of the Science & Math Investigative Learning Experience (SMILE) program, and for eventual use with the Oregon Coastal Atlas, an existing IMS site that allows a diverse audience of coastal users to access information about the Oregon coast. The main objective was to create educational lessons making use of a simple IMS site to allow students with basic computer skills to learn about large-scale ocean processes from actual ocean satellite imagery. This site features remotely sensed ocean images showing physical parameters and includes data from biological surveys conducted during the U.S. GLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics) cruise off the Oregon Coast in the summer of 2000. The satellite imagery was selected from different time periods to show students key seasonal trends and differences in physical conditions that occur off the Pacific Coast of Oregon and Northern California. Evaluation of the project has shown that the use of an IMS site allows students who have no prior training or access to GIS software to effectively view and understand the meaning of real ocean data and to perform simple analysis without the need for extensive data processing or software training.


AbstractThe effect of operating pressure on olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) purification and filtration efficiency was determined by the evaluation of the flux decline during volume reduction factor (VRF) experiment. One of the other effective factors is the rejection coefficients based on several parameters, which measure the global pollutant content of the OMW, namely chemical oxygen demand, UV absorbance at 254 nm, total phenols, color as well as conductivity. The integrated membrane system (UF-NF) was used in this study and OMW was pre-filtered by three steps tubular microfiltration modules with nominal pore size of 50, 5, and 0.2 micron in series mode and afterward a 35 kDa ultrafiltration membrane. Filtration experiments in concentration mode of the filtration (with recycling of the retentate stream) were performed in laboratory scale, by using three nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The fouling behavior analysis of the NF membranes was also performed by assessment of the flux recovery ratio and degree...


This study addresses the problem of computational techniques to perform a multi-factor text analysis aimed at assessing text metrics and the amount of information in two contrasting texts. Assessing recalls in general and estimating the scope of information reproduced in recalls in particular are equally challenging. We introduce a computational linguistic tool that measures 28 linguistic parameters enabling conventional level of language assessment. The results are indicative of the tool distinguishing two versions of the low (OT51) versus high (MR51) cohesion of the texts but not the recalls. The results also showed that ubiquitously used descriptive metrics and readability indices inappropriately distinguish between reading texts and their recalls. Overall, the research advances our understanding of the relationship between conventional (quantitative, lexical) and semantic metrics providing foundations for more effective algorithms of assessing and profiling academic texts types.


This is the second of two papers presenting basic observational data on the 6CE sample of extragalactic radio sources. It presents the results of optical spectroscopy which has yielded virtually complete redshift information for the 6CE sample: 56 of the 59 sample members have spectroscopic redshifts that, with the exception of eight cases, are secure. The redshift distribution N(z) is fairly flat over the redshift range 0Graphicz 1.75) members of the 6CE sample have similar optical spectra and a tight (less than one dex) spread in narrow-Lyα emission-line luminosity.


This paper presents a control system design of video-based directional fire-fighting monitor. ARM TQ 2440 is the core controller of this fire-fighting monitor. This fire-fighting monitor can identify and locate the flame of conflagration through the recognizer of flame and the location algorithm and can set the security level based on the practical applications. The system design is simple and dependable and reduces the threat of the fire to the fire fighters greatly. This fire-fighting monitor has a strong practical value.


Depending on their application high-power semiconductor laser devices have to be optimized with respect to various design parameters. We discuss the simulation and optimization of the device performance with respect to electrical and thermal properties, output power, wavelength stability, and device reliability using the example of our latest pump-laser generation that has been developed and qualified to support the high-end market of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. Modeled and measured device properties are compared at each design step. Based on an overall optimization of the device performance fiber Bragg grating (FBG) stabilized telecom-grade pump-laser modules have been realized yielding 750 mW fiber-coupled light output power.


Thank you very much for downloading cell cell interactions a practical approach. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite books like this cell cell interactions a practical approach, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer. cell cell interactions a practical approach is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the cell cell interactions a practical approach is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The current essay starts from the general set of issues related to assessment in education and the problems that students face in understanding assessment criteria. It will later introduce the results obtained from a work-in-progressresearch project that aims to improve assessment quality by testing new evaluation methods and technological tools such as formative evaluation and peer-to peer evaluation using e-rubric tools.


BACKGROUND
The optimal management of patients with aspirin intolerance undergoing stent implantation represents a challenge for physicians. The aim of this study was to assess the overall number of patients discharged with mono antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The most frequent aspirin intolerance symptoms in this population and the overall incidence of patient-oriented composite endpoints (POCE).

METHODS
From January 2006 to June 2016 all patients discharged with mono-antiplatelet therapy because of aspirin intolerance/hypersensitivity/allergy and treated by means of PCI were included. Data about percutaneous treatments and aspirin intolerance were collected. POCE were evaluated at a twelve-month clinical follow-up comparing safety and efficacy of clopidogrel monotherapy versus new P2Y12 inhibitors.

RESULTS
We collected 70 patients, that is 0.3% of the total amount of PCI in the considered period, 25 (35%) of them were women and the remaining 45 (65%) were men. An acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was the clinical presentation in 47 (67.1%) patients, with NSTEMI in 19 (27.1%) of them. Forty-six patients (65.7%) were treated with clopidogrel and 24 (34.3%) with new P2Y12 inhibitors. At one-year follow-up, 18 (25.7%) patients suffered a new clinically relevant adverse event, 5 (7.1%) died, 3 (4.3%) required a target vessel revascularization and 10 (14.3%) patients a target lesion revascularization.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study evaluated patients with ACS or stable coronary artery disease undergoing PCI and treated with mono-antiplatelet therapy with P2Y12 inhibitors due to aspirin intolerance shows a 25% incidence of POCE at one year. Further studies with adequate sample size are required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mono antiplatelet therapy in this clinical scenario.


Chlorine isotope effects on 19F and 13C NMR chemical shifts can be used for the indirect determination of the number of geminal and vicinal chlorine atoms in fluorinated molecules. Two‐ and three‐bond 37,35Cl isotope effects on the 19F chemical shifts of 29 and eight compounds, respectively, are reported. One‐bond isotope effects on the 13C chemical shifts of four compounds are also reported. The usefulness of these isotope‐induced shifts in the identification of chlorofluoro‐ and hydrochlorofluorocarbons is discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Cross-protection between two serotypes of Group A streptococci was demonstrated. Type 55 strain 2004 and type 60 strain 365 shared a cross-protective relationship in one direction: type 55 antiserum possessed opsonophagocytic activity against type 60, but type 60 antiserum was inactive against type 55. Agar-gel diffusion tests with both types, their antisera, and reciprocally absorbed sera showed that type 55 possesses two M antigens; one of them is identical to that of type 60 and is responsible for the cross-protection. This cross-protection was found in sera of patients during an outbreak of acute glomerulonephritis caused by type 55. Fifty percent of the patients who developed immunity against the infecting type 55 also developed immunity against type 60 as tested by opsonophagocytic or bactericidal tests. None of the sera tested possessed a significant amount of opsonophagocytic activity against control types of group A streptococci.


The "sempre-viva" species Comanthera mucugensis is endemic to the municipality of Mucugê, Bahia, Brazil, where it was widely exploited through extractivism to be commercialized as an ornamental, causing a drastic reduction of its population, so that it is now classified as endangered. Although its main area of occurrence is now protected for being within Chapada Diamantina National Park, the continued risks of inclement conditions and anthropic actions make it necessary to develop alternative methods for ex situ conservation of the species, such as in vitro conservation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the effect of different concentrations of salts and sucrose on the in vitro conservation of Comanthera mucugensis. Two salts concentrations of the medium MS (½ and ¼) and two sucrose levels (7.5 and 15.0 g L-1) were tested, and the experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments. After 365 days, the survival, growth and regeneration of the conserved plants were analyzed, achieving up to 100% survival, reduced shoot growth and maintenance of regenerative capacity. Reduction of the concentration of salts and sucrose in the culture medium is indicated to conserve the plants in vitro for a period of one year.


Construtivism learning view which emphasizes that knowledge is positively constructed rather than passively accepted,and is a revolution to the traditional one.It has a profound impact on various levels of education.Adult learners assume a variety of social roles,with a wealth of personified experience,so adult learning possesses characteristics of independence,consistency and present.As a result,constructivism learning view has an important inspiration on adult education.


This research was carried out in the LAF project, which is an MSME dedicated to production and commerce, to understand the application of sales forecasts in preparing sales budgets and production budgets, as the basis for preparing production cost budgets, because the company did not prepare The sales budget is counted, and no sales budget is established. production budget and production cost budget.  The type of research used is a descriptive method with quantitative methods. The data type is qualitative data and quantitative data, used for data sources, that is, raw data and auxiliary data obtained through interviews, observations, and records. According to the research results, the secondary method is the most suitable method for the company, and the SKP value is 48.18.  The prepared sales budget resulted in a sales plan of 5,371 pieces or Rp. 1,068,847,836 a year. The production budget was prepared using the inventory stability method of 5,371 units.  Therefore, the company needs a production cost budget of Rp. From June 2021 to May 2022, it is 1,014,602,825.


As part of the study of the influence of non-uniformities on MHD generator performance a theory was evolved which treats the MHD generator as a boundary value problem with the oscillation frequency determined by the boundary oscillation (such as a combustor). The results are in good agreement with data reported in earlier reports. A laser fluorescence temperature measuring technique was developed which was tested on a bunsen burner. The technique provides for 3-dimensional spatial resolution of temperature. Further analysis of the sidewall boundary layer velocity profile data provided elucidation of turbulence damping in the boundary layer. The turbulence level was reduced by about 20 percent by the magnetic field of 2.4 tesla. Careful experiments were made to measure Joule heating effects in the electrode boundary layer. Preliminary reduction of the data showed a temperature and electron density elevation due to Joule heating. Thermal tests were made of disk generator construction techniques which utilizes metallized MgO ceramics soldered or brazed to a copper substrate.


E.O. Wilson and B.F. Skinner have argued for an evolutionary ethics that allows what ought to be to be derived from what is—ethics from science. Evolution is inherently unpredictable, however, and some practices whose benefits cannot be proved might nevertheless turn out to be good for the survival of a culture or the race. Other practices that seem to be good might turn out to be bad. Consequently, the evolutionary argument implies that a successful culture will believe some things that cannot be proved, and it tells us that we cannot know in advance what those things will be.


This study aims to analyze the influence of the taxpayer awareness, quality of service, socialization taxation, tax penalties, and moral obligation on tax compliance.The population of this study are taxpayer who registered in Kantor Pelayanan Pajak (KPP) Pratama Kota Surakarta. The sample of this study is taken with Slovin formula. There are 74 questionnaires that can be processed. The method to gathering the primer data is used survey method with questionnaire media. The analyze of data used in this study is multiple linear regression test with SPSS 22 program.Based on the result of research on this study is the taxpayer awareness and moral obligation has a positive effect on tax compliance.Quality of service, socialization taxation, tax penalties has no effect on tax compliance.


The construction of geomembrane lining systems for landfills and other types of containment facilities often requires certification by an independent professional engineer to provide assurance that the facility is constructed in accordance with specified plans. Ideally, the owner/operator of a facility hires an independent, third-party professional engineers, who then supervises a properly trained construction quality assurance (CQA) staff who will provide the laboratory testing services, visual observation, and record documentation required during geomembrane installation activities. In an attempt to minimize CQA costs, some owner/operators require that the installer`s construction quality control (CQC) personnel provide construction documentation to a reduced CQA staff for review and approval. Conflicts often develop if the documentation submitted to the CQA staff is deficient. Owner/operators must allow the professional engineer to staff a project with a sufficient number of CQA personnel--depending upon the installer`s crew size and quality of workmanship--in order to certify a geomembrane installation.


On the basis of the analysis of the existing image encryption algorithm,an improved image encryption algorithm based on bit-plane is proposed.After using the bit-level permutation scheme on the original image,a scrambling algorithm on each bit plane is proposed,the improvement of this algorithm is not only using diffusion in the scrambling process,but also giving the each point on the bit plane ranking method respectively after diffusion,meanwhile,the right of choosing ranking method is given to chaotic sequence.Results of various types of analysis prove that this method has a large key space and good key sensitivity,and it has ability to resist the shear attack.


With the safety incidents of Cultivator for paddy fields occurred frequently in reality,The security issues in person-machine system of paddy fields Cultivator has been researched by using of man-machine system theory and methods,from the cause in person-machine-environment system and improve the effectiveness of se- curity measures.Research shows that the side overturning accidents of Cultivator for paddy fields were caused by the unsafe action of person,the unsafe state of structures and the misplay of management.Take the handlers as one tache of the system operator,use the Knowledge of human behavior to improve the rationality and effectiveness of production process and mechanical,and the rationalization proposal has been made to improve the safety of paddy Cultivator.


Abstract Differences in characteristics of humic matter were investigated by solid‐state CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy of whole (nontreated) materials and their extracted humic fractions. Samples used in the analysis were lignite, a commercial humate AG, and the Bh horizons of a Mascotte and a Lawnwood soil. Humic fractions were extracted by the 0.1 M NaOH or Na4P2O7 (pH 9.8) method. The humic (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) obtained were weighed and analysed for total acidity, carboxyl and phenolic‐OH group contents. Whole lignite, humate AG and soil samples, and the HA and FA fractions were analyzed by solid state CP MAS 13C NMR and infrared spectroscopy. Carbon, H, and N contents were determined by chemical analysis. NMR spectra of the combined HA+FA extracts resembled the spectra of the whole materials. No additional signals were detected, indicating that alien compounds were not produced during the extraction. The best spectra were obtained with HA samples produced by the NaOH method. These spectra closely r...


Systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction/failure can complicate acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis with progression to acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF), leading to increased mortality. There are few studies on serum biomarkers predicting renal dysfunction (RD) or ACLF in AD. Serum cystatin C (CysC) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were evaluated for predicting RD, ACLF, and mortality in AD patients.


This article focuses on the specific features of a study into social pathologies in Russian sociology. The author emphasises that the addressing of moral problems is a tradition of Russian social thought


This paper presents several fault-testing models. Our system is composed of n components that either work or fail. The systems treated are the k-out-of-n type k/n. This system works if and only if k or more of its components work, making the series n/n and parallel 1/n systems special cases. Components can be individually tested and tests give perfect information. Each test has a time to complete it and testing procedures are judged by the expected cumulative testing time they require. In the first model, the components are assumed to function or fail independently of each other. A feasible test procedure must determine as if the system is working or has failed. This is solved for the series and parallel systems and, under a possibly restrictive hypothesis, for the general k/n system. In another model, the components are assumed to be nominally independent conditioned on the system being failed. Here a feasible test procedure must locate all failed components. This problem is solved for the general k/n system.


(1) Jiao and Zhang's statement 'This mistake [the typo for true FDR in the formula (2)] will affect the evaluation of their (Xie et al., 2005) proposed FDR estimator' is false. All the results in Xie et al. were obtained by using the correct formula. Therefore, despite the key proclamation by Jiao and Zhang, all the results are valid. Jiao et al. did not provide any evidence that the results in the 2005 paper in question were based on the incorrect true FDR formula. On the contrary, their results are consistent with Xie et al.'s results. The authors' statement 'With the correct FDR formula, we show the method of Xie et al. (2005) always gives biased estimation of FDR' is misleading. The performance and the estimation bias of the method presented in Xie et al. have been explored in detail and discussed in their original paper; please refer to Table 2 and Figures 1–4, results and discussion in Xie et al. (2005). Those are not new findings that can be attributed to the application of the corrected formula by Jiao and Zhang.


By using Salagean differential operator and Alexander integral op- erator for analytic functions f (z) with f (0) = 0 and f � (0) = 1 in the open unit disk U which are the inverse operator each other, a gener- alized operator combining the both operators is introduced. Defining the class of (α, δ)-neighborhood for analytic functions with the gener- alized operator, some interesting properties for (α, δ)-neighborhood are discussed.


In this work, the transverse mode instability (TMI) behaviors in high-power all-fiber laser oscillators based on the ytterbium (Yb)-doped fiber (YDF) with a core diameter of 30 μm have been experimentally investigated for the first time. We have constructed all-fiber laser oscillators with the YDF with core/inner-cladding diameter of 30/400 μm and 30/600 μm, and investigated the corresponding TMI thresholds respectively. Experimental results manifest that the YDF with the larger cladding diameter corresponds to a higher TMI threshold for the two types of YDF with 30 μm core diameter. Compared with the 30/400 μm fiber, the 30/600 μm fiber can improve the TMI threshold by 2.0 times in the co-pumping configuration. By adopting bidirectional pumping configuration in the 30/600 μm fiber oscillator, a maximum output power is scaled to ∼ 3.6 kW without any sign of TMI, and no Raman Stokes light is observed in the output spectra. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of high-power all-fiber laser oscillators based on commercial 30/600 μm YDF. The experimental results show an excellent feasibility of all-fiber laser oscillators with large core and cladding diameter fiber for high-power operation.


An internal-tin route superconducting wire that has both remarkably low hysteresis loss and high crit- ical current density was developed according to a new de- sign idea. The wire was constructed by arranging the filaments in a radial layout, enlarging the outer filaments along the radial di- rection, intentionally narrowing the filament spacing in the radial direction, and enlarging the filament spacing in the tangential di- rection. Thus, the electromagnetic coupling among the filaments in the tangential direction due to the bridging and/or proximity effect was suppressed without decreasing the volume fraction of Nb. As a result, excellent properties such as , (for 1 cycle of ), , and were obtained. Scanning elec- tron microscope observations confirmed that the cause of experi- mental values being lower than expected is that the majority of the filaments in the second and outermost rows were not com- pletely combined. Electron probe micro-analyses confirmed that the good and values resulted from the qualitative improve- ment of the compound. This wire is promising for use with conduction-cooled high-field magnets and for the strands of fusion coils.


Photoinhibition was examined in natural assemblages of phytoplankton from Lake Erie exposed to ambient solar radiation. The impacts on photosynthesis of photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nm) (PAR), ultraviolet-A radiation (320-400 nm) (UVA), and ultraviolet-B radiation (295-320 nm) (UVB) were assessed at three sites on the lake using pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence. Short exposures (£30 min) to sunlight containing UVB (1.8-4.4 mmol·m -2 ) resulted in the rapid loss of up to 60% of photosystem II efficiency (in the dark-adapted state) (Fv /Fm) and quantum yield (in the light-adapted state) (D FF y m¢ ). Exposure to UVA (46-105 mmol·m -2 ) generally di- minished Fv /Fm and, to a lesser extent, D FF y m¢ . Short exposures to PAR (733-1588 mmol·m -2 ) had no significant ef- fects on electron transport. Recovery from UVA- or UVB-induced photoinhibition was complete for Fv /Fm and 90% complete for D FF y m¢ afte r2hi n low light. The results indicate that exposures of phytoplankton to surface radiation need only be short in duration to cause substantial UV inhibition of photosynthesis. However, depending on the kinet- ics of mixing of the water column, recovery of photosynthesis is possible if there is sufficient time for repair of UV damage. Future elevated levels of solar UVB due to ozone depletion could significantly inhibit primary production in mesotrophic lakes such as Lake Erie.


Forged fingerprint is a new subject that fingerprint judge meets recently also it is a new challenge to criminal science. This article introduces some cases of forged fingerprints and probes into identification and inspection in details.


The objective of this paper is to present a vision in the sphere of the problematic of assets and liabilities' evaluation that are reflected in the balance sheet of the insurance companies, inside the theory of the contingent claims, and of the marginal theory inside the insurance sphere. Our references take into consideration all the principles and evaluation norms of a company's liabilities, company operating in the life insurance domain, including the general request introduced by the IFRS. Also, we argument the fact that the making of the new IFRS standards' frame must take into consideration the accelerated globalization of the trading and the internalization of the financial markets, factors that have made pass onto the first place the necessity of a standardized financial reporting system. Because for so long the evaluating inadequacy of the assets at their fair value and the liabilities at their fair cost has persisted for so long, we underline that we find even in this a vast debate subject between the insurance companies' representatives and the IASB, especially in the second step of the IFRS4's implementation in the life insurance contract.


In digital forensic investigation, there are numerous digital forensics preservation tools are used by practitioners all over the world. It is important to have the right specialized tools in order to ensure all the collected evidence are processed correctly and in a timely manner. Moreover, guidelines of validation and verification (VV) in computer forensic tools provide great opportunities for practitioners to remove necessity for developing individual tests for tools. Since practitioners in Malaysia are not aware of the significant of VV of disk imaging and there is no standard guideline for disk imaging process, thus a guideline model for VV for disk imaging has been created. The survey results provide indication on the process of developing guideline of VV of disk imaging in Malaysia and manage to produce a new conceptual model for VV the disk imaging tools in computer forensic environment. This conceptual model is emphases more on the management element which encompasses three supporting elements:documentation, maintenance of tools and monitoring. The internal layer are consists of technical elements:checklist of mandatory features and optional features and report writing.


Background and Aim: Difficulty in perception of speech in noise is one of the main complaints of hearing-impaired people. Due to profound hearing loss in cochlear implant (CI) users, they need higher signal-to-noise ratio for a better perception. Bimodal fitting is a preferred way  for CI users because it prevents auditory nerve degeneration, is a complement of frequency range at the opposite ear, an is less invasive to provide binaural hearing. Acceptable noise level (ANL), as a reliable test to assess noise tolerance, has not yet been used in comparing children with bimodal hearing and CI. This study aimed to determine whether bimodal fitting can help CI children tolerate more noise.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 13 children with unilateral CI and bimodal hearing. Audiometry test was performed at aided and non-aided conditions. Then, their noise tolerance was assessed by the Persian version of ANL test.
Results: Bimodal hearing resulted in  statistically significant increase in ANL. The  mean of ANL at unilateral CI and bimodal hearing conditions were 6.15±2.90 and 4.77±1.70, respectively.
Conclusion: Bimodal fitting lead to more noise tolerance in unilateral CI children due to the combination of binaural summation and binaural release from masking.
Keywords: Acceptable noise level; cochlear implant; hearing aid; bimodal hearing; profound hearing loss; binaural hearing


TSL is a language for specifying concurrent architectures, and mappings between such architectures. Abstract TSL actors and events of an architecture may be defined in terms of events generated by a more detailed architecture. TSL allows multiple abstractions of a particular implementation, supporting multiple perspectives on a particular system. TSL allows radical changes in structure in moving from the abstract to the concrete.


Hydrostatic stresses in Si substrates near edges of Pt/PZT microstructures used in pyrosensor fabrication have been predicted theoretically by finite element (FE) calculations. Within the absorption limited depth zone from which Raman radiation can be detected the substrate stress varies considerably. The characteristic lateral length scale of the average stress profile perpendicular to the film edges is less than 50 μm resulting from contributions of different depth. These stresses could be measured by spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy with an accuracy of 1-2 μm.The values of the film stress of Pt and PZT have been estimated by fitting the FE models to the measured curves of the stress distribution in the Si substrate.


А problem of the hidden  faults without solving of which the  fault tolerant structure of the digital сотponents does not guarantee  function safety of the safetycritical systems is considered. The  problem is shown in the potentially hazardous circuit points, which in а normal mode сап accumulate the hidden faults reducing the  fault tolerance of the digital component at transition to ап emergency mode of the system operation. А model of the activated path for pipeline circuit of the digital component is offered. It allows determining input data for calculation of point observability in modes of the system. А method of potentially hazardous point identification for pipeline circuit of the digital component is developed.


Today's psychology of star hunting is not only in the obvious "rice circle," but also in the TikTok star of the live broadcasting platform such as jitter. For the current era of fast consumption, the popularity of short film and video culture is inevitable. Social networks have stimulated the personalization and motivation of Internet users, and the needs of Internet users have become more and more exquisite and artistic. This paper discusses the causes of online red and the interactive process between online red and its fans, and discusses the production mode, possible harm and Countermeasures of online red.


Error Propagation Analysis (EPA) is a technique forunderstanding how errors affect a program's execution and resultin program failures. For this purpose, EPA usually compares thetraces of a fault-free (golden) run with those from a faulty run ofthe program. This makes existing EPA approaches brittle for multithreadedprograms, which do not typically have a deterministicgolden run. In this paper, we study the use of likely invariantsgenerated by automated approaches as alternatives for goldenrun based EPA in multithreaded programs. We present InvariantPropagation Analysis (IPA), an approach and a framework forautomatically deriving invariants for multithreaded programs, and using the invariants for EPA. We evaluate the invariantsderived by IPA in terms of their coverage for different faulttypes across six representative programs through fault injectionexperiments. We find that stable invariants can be inferred in allsix programs, although their coverage of faults depends on theapplication and the fault type.


Metaverse opens up a new social networking paradigm where people can experience a real interactive feeling without physical space constraints. Social interactions are gradually evolving from text combined with pictures and videos to 3-dimensional virtual reality, making the social experience increasingly physical, implying that more metaverse applications with immersive experiences will be developed in the future. However, the increasing data dimensionality and volume for new metaverse applications present a significant challenge in data acquisition, security, and sharing. Furthermore, metaverse applications require high capacity and ultrareliability for the wireless system to guarantee the quality of user experience, which cannot be addressed in the current fifth-generation system. Therefore, reaching the metaverse is dependent on the revolution in the sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication, which is expected to provide low-latency, high-throughput, and secure services. This article provides a comprehensive view of metaverse applications and investigates the fundamental technologies for the 6G toward metaverse.


A Cayley map is a 2-cell embedding of a Cayley graph into an orientable surface with the same local orientation induced by a cyclic permutation of generators at each vertex. In this paper, we provide classifications of prime-valent regular Cayley maps on abelian groups, dihedral groups and dicyclic groups. Consequently, we show that all prime-valent regular Cayley maps on dihedral groups are balanced and all prime-valent regular Cayley maps on abelian groups are either balanced or anti-balanced. Furthermore, we prove that there is no prime-valent regular Cayley map on any dicyclic group.


An array substrate and a method of manufacturing the same liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal display device having the same are disclosed. The liquid crystal display device, the array substrate and a method of manufacturing the same according to the present invention, one having the same liquid crystal display device includes a picture quality by minimizing the light leakage current by eliminating the loss of light by using the protection film, which can reduce the light leakage current (Shielding Metal) the can be improved. Leakage current blocking layer (Shielding Metal), a thin film transistor


There has been considerable academic interest in the consequences of European integration for multinational companies and their subsidiaries, and the co-ordination and control of human resource decision making. Against the backdrop of this debate, this paper examines the impact of European integration on management organization and human resource decision making in 13 British multinational companies. Although there were partial moves towards the development of European managers, a European-wide approach to human resource matters was not yet a conspicuous feature of this sample of multinationals. the global preoccupations of the companies, as well as the persistence of national variations in consumer markets and modes of product regulation, were clearly major constraints on the emergence of European forms of corporate organization and underpinned the lack of enthusiasm for distinctively European approaches to employee management. Copyright 1996 Basil Blackwell Ltd.


The line-profile variations have been found in many early-type stars sur rounding the classical /? Cephei variables in the H-R diagram. The feature of the variations has not been known enough mainly because of their periods of about one day. To specify the cause of the variations, however, it is necessary to make clear their features such as the multi-periodicity, the relation be tween the photometric variations and the spectroscopic ones, and the cause of existence or non-existence of mode (or period) switching (Balona 1991, Smith 1991). In Be stars, the correlation of the amplitude of the variations with their emission cycle is also important (Ando 1986).


Results: Prevalence rates of 1.7%, 2.1%, and 0.1% were obtained for HIV, HBV, and HCV, respectively. A breakdown of HIV prevalence gave HIV-1 (1.1%), HIV-2 (0.27%), and HIV-1 /2 (0.33%). From the 1,500 subjects tested, 357 (23.8%) belong to the Ijaw, 408 (27.2%) to Ikwerre, 201(13.4%) to Ogoni/Eleme, 75 (5.0%) Ekpeye and 459(30.6%) belong to the other ethnic groups. Other ethnic groups accounted for the highest prevalence of HIV and HBsAg. Youths aged 21 to 30 constituted the highest number of HIV and hepatitis infections. Of the 23 subjects positive for HIV, 16 (1.2%) had HIV-1, 4 (0.3%) had HIV-2, and 5 (0.5%) had the HIV-1/2. Of the 1,500 subjects tested, 0.2% had HIV and HBV co-infection. Chi-square analysis indicated that age was a risk factor for the transmission of the three transmissible infections (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05 for HIV, HBsAg, and HCV, respectively). Gender had an influence on HIV and HBsAg (P < 0.05). There was also a positive association between the ethnic groups and the TTIs (χ2 = 18.136, P < 0.01 for HIV; χ2 = 2.785, P < 0.05 for HBsAg; and χ2 = 2.411, P < 0.05 for HCV). The 0.1% prevalence of HCV in this study occurred exclusively among nonnatives. Conclusions: This study has provided epidemiological data on some transfusion-transmissible viral infections in Port Harcourt and has identified some risk factors associated with it. To ensure safety in blood-transfusion practices, selection and screening of donors within the high-risk groups, especially individuals 21 to 30 years old, should be thorough and in accordance with the approved safety guidelines.


GdBa2Cu3O7-x (GdBCO) films doped with up to 13.6 mol.% BaHfO3 (BHO) have been grown by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). A critical current density Jc at 30 K, 3 T of 2.34 MA/cm2 has been achieved for a doping level of 10.6 mol.%. This is the first report of artificial pinning centers being successfully incorporated into REBa2Cu3O7-x (REBCO, RE = Y, Gd, Dy . . .) via EB-PVD. The samples were grown on Hastelloy tapes coated with a MgO buffer layer deposited by inclined substrate deposition. The Jc of the samples was characterized at 77 K, 1 T and at 30 K, 3 T. An increase in Jc (30 K, 3 T) upon Hf addition has been observed in the whole angular range α. The level of Hf addition was found to heavily influence the kind of nanoprecipitate formed, with low levels of Hf causing a reduction in the anisotropy of Jc (77 K, 1 T) and higher levels of Hf resulting in the formation of nanoprecipitates elongated parallel to the GdBCO ab-plane, causing an increase in the anisotropy of Jc (77 K, 1 T). The largest Jc (77 K, sf) measured was 0.63 MA/cm-2.


A number of engineering and scientific problems require representing and manipulating probability distributions over large alphabets, which we may think of as long vectors of reals summing to 1. In some cases it is required to represent such a vector with only b bits per entry. A natural choice is to partition the interval [0,1] into 2b uniform bins and quantize entries to each bin independently. We show that a minor modification of this procedure – applying an entrywise non-linear function (compander) f(x) prior to quantization – yields an extremely effective quantization method. For example, for b = 8(16) and 105-sized alphabets, the quality of representation improves from a loss (under KL divergence) of 0.5(0.1) bits/entry to 10−4(10−9) bits/entry. Compared to floating point representations, our compander method improves the loss from 10−1(10−6) to 10−4(10−9) bits/entry. These numbers hold for both real-world data (word frequencies in books and DNA k-mer counts) and for synthetic randomly generated distributions. Theoretically, we set up a minimax optimality criterion and show that the compander $f(x) \propto \operatorname{ArcSinh} (\sqrt {(1/2)(K\log K)x} )$ achieves near-optimal performance, attaining a KL-quantization loss of ≍ 2−2b log2 K for a K-letter alphabet and b →∞. Interestingly, a similar minimax criterion for the quadratic loss on the hypercube shows optimality of the standard uniform quantizer. This suggests that the ArcSinh quantizer is as fundamental for KL-distortion as the uniform quantizer for quadratic distortion.


In this paper, we show that if Fe Lv(k, a) on V where T denotes the border of a compact bordered Riemann surface R, then F can be uniquely written as the sum of a function in Hv(k, a) and a function in Gv(k, a) and moreover that F can be approximated on Y in V norm to within A¡nt+a by a sequence of rational functions on the union of R with its double. The purpose of this paper is to generalize some results of the second named author [4] concerning the Hardy classes Hv and their particularizations to the classes Hv(k, «) of functions satisfying (together with certain derivatives) a Lipschitz condition to Riemann surfaces. Let y denote the unit circle. We define the class Lp(k, a.) (0<a<l, l</?<co) to be the set of functions possessing derivatives up to order k on y whose kth derivatives satisfy a pth mean integrated Lipschitz condition of order a. H"(k, a) will denote the subclass of functions belonging to Lv{k, a) which belong to the Hardy class Hp of the interior of y while Gv(k, a) will denote those functions belonging to L"(k, a) which are boundary functions of functions belonging to W of the exterior of y and vanishing at co. In [4], it is shown that every function of the class Lp(k, a.) can be written uniquely as the sum of a function in Hp(k, a) and a function in Gp(k, a.). It is this result that we shall generalize to the setting of Riemann surfaces and in addition obtain some results on approximation by rational functions. Let R denote the interior of a compact bordered Riemann surface R with boundary T. Suppose / possesses derivatives up to order k on T. Let ri5 • • •, r" denote the connected components of T and let %t, i—\, • • •, n, denote the uniformizers which map Tt onto y. We shall say that/is of class Lp(k, a.) on T if/o -/j1 is of class Lp(k, a.) on y for all i. This definition is independent of the choice of uniformizing variables as a consequence of a theorem of Hardy and Littlewood [3]. Received by the editors February 4, 1972. A MS 1969 subject classifications. Primary 3070; Secondary 3067.


To investigate temperature distributions of solar panels in orbit under two operating conditions (full and half load),a thermal model was established by FEM analysis software I-DEAS TMG.The substrate of solar panels,which is composed of several composite materials,could be treated as an orthotropic plate,and the equivalent thermal resistance method is employed to derive the equivalent thermal conductivity of solar panels.The simulation results indicate that the temperatures of solar panels change periodically after five circles around the earth,and the range of temperatures under half load operating condition is wider than that under full load operating condition.Additionally,both the temperature difference through the thickness of solar panels and its first time derivative are highest when solar panels enter the eclipse, and these two values of half load operating condition are higher compared with those of full load operating condition.


Boron doped hematite catalysts 10%B-90% α-Fe2O3 (10BH) and 5%B-95% α-Fe2O3 (5BH) were synthesized and characterized using XRD, BET and SEM techniques. Central composite design (CCD) matrix and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to design experiments for evaluating the interactive effects of four operating variables [peroxide dosage (600-1200 mg/l), catalyst dosage (10-50 mg/l), pH (3-8), and reaction time (10-300 mins)] on the percentage COD reduction of tannery wastewater with initial COD of 1200 mg/l. RSM showed that the BH catalyst had better percentage COD reduction of 83% at optimum parameter values of 600 mg/l, 35 mg/l, 8 and 90 minutes for peroxide dosage, catalyst dosage, pH and time respectively. 71% COD reduction was achieved with the 5BH catalyst at optimum parameter values of 600 mg/l, 35 mg/l, 8 and 90 minutes for peroxide dosage, catalyst dosage, pH and time respectively. This study clearly showed that boron doping increased the catalytic activity of hematite as a catalyst in the Fenton oxidation system.


We examine the fundamental concept of Popper's falsifiability within an economic model in which a tester hires a potential expert to produce a theory. Payments are made contingent on the performance of the theory vis-a-vis future realizations of the data. We show that if experts are strategic, then falsifiability has no power to distinguish legitimate scientific theories from worthless theories. We also show that even if experts are strategic there are alternative criteria that can distinguish legitimate from worthless theories.


Three configurations have been proposed for heaters thought to be responsible for fluid circulation that produces volcanic‐hosted massive sulphide deposits. One of these, the horizontal sill of felsic volcanic terrains, lends itself to experimentation using Hele‐Shaw cells. Experiments simulating hydraulic continuity between the permeable rocks and overlying (sea) water show that the resulting convection cells may have very high aspect ratios. Experiments in which only part of the permeable medium is heated show that upwelling plumes are confined to the heater, and that the number of cells developed depends on the ratio of the heater length to the height of the medium, and whether or not there is hydraulic continuity with an overlying fluid reservoir. The scale of natural systems is controlled by the availability of metals in the permeable medium and the heater, and the thermal energy required. Although magmatic contributions of metals and alkalies seem likely in the massive sulphide systems, there is onl...


The closed water recycling systems with the main element being the evaporative water cooling devices or cooling towers are used to cool the main equipment of industrial enterprises. During these processes the recycled water is being polluted and lost, therefore it is necessary periodically provide this water volume from natural sources. Improving the efficiency of cooling towers can reduce the negative factors of such systems' operation. This article presents the researchof the aerodynamic characteristics of heat-and-mass exchange packs of cooling towers made of vertical polymer pipes. The design of the optimized cooling tower filler unit is described and recommendations for improving the efficiency of evaporative cooling process of the circulating water are given.


A HPLC‐analysis using the photodiode‐array detection technique of the volatile oil of garlic bulbs is presented. Self‐distilled garlic‐oils from six various origins showed similar fingerprint chromatograms with diallyl trisulphide as main compound. Three investigated commercial oils contained significantly higher amounts of diallyl disulphide.


Aims: Global health education is increasingly acknowledged as an opportunity for medical schools to prepare future practitioners for the broad health challenges of our time. The purpose of this study was to describe the evolution of global health education in Swedish medical schools and to assess students' perceived needs for such education. Methods:Data on global health education were collected from all medical faculties in Sweden for the years 2000–2013. In addition, 76% (439/577) of all Swedish medical students in their final semester answered a structured questionnaire. Results: Global health education is offered at four of Sweden's seven medical schools, and most medical students have had no global health education. Medical students in their final semester consider themselves to lack knowledge and skills in areas such as the global burden of disease (51%), social determinants of health (52%), culture and health (60%), climate and health (62%), health promotion and disease prevention (66%), strategies for equal access to health care (69%) and global health care systems (72%). A significant association was found between self-assessed competence and the amount of global health education received (p<0.001). A majority of Swedish medical students (83%) wished to have more global health education added to the curriculum. Conclusions: Most Swedish medical students have had no global health education as part of their medical school curriculum. Expanded education in global health is sought after by medical students and could strengthen the professional development of future medical doctors in a wide range of topics important for practitioners in the global world of the twenty-first century.


In a previous study, a single external treatment with Ivomec appeared to be more effective than Neguvon treatment. In this study the anti-endoparasitic qualities of external application of Ivomec were investigated, together with the effectiveness of a combined Neguvon and Ivomec treatment. After 3 treatments, all mice were mite- and worm-free: they remained free of ectoparasites until 18 weeks after the last treatment; eggs of endoparasites reappeared 9 weeks after the last treatment.


The Dutch Working Party on Prenatal Diagnosis has initiated a study on the possibilities of first‐trimester screening for fetal chromosomal disorders. We report on maternal serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (MS‐hCG) measurements in 1348 pregnancies with a chromosomally normal fetus and 53 pregnancies with a chromosomally abnormal fetus. The median MS‐hCG concentration in 24 pregnancies with Down's syndrome was 1.19 multiples of the normal median (MoM). The MS‐hCG distributions in normal and Down's syndrome pregnancies did not differ significantly (t‐test: t = 1.945, p >0.05). We also found no difference between normal pregnancies and pregnancies with other chromosomal disorders (six cases of trisomy 18, MoM = 0.80; four cases of sex chromosome abnormality, MoM = 1.01; 17 cases of chromosomal mosaicism in chorionic villi, MoM = 1.11). Selecting an upper limit at the 90th centile could detect 25 per cent of pregnancies with Down's syndrome. We conclude that, in the first trimester, MS‐hCG as a screening factor for Down's syndrome is of minor value. However, MS‐hCG could be a useful factor in a first‐trimester screening programme based on a combination of markers.


To the problem that the Matlab software implements control algorithm easily but consume too much resources,as well as that VB has weak ability of matrix computing and advantage of GUI development,the approach to create component by Matlab COM Builder is discussed. The method bypasses restrictions and limitations of Matlab Compiler,and the component can be invoked outside Matlab by VB application to simulate control system.The control algorithm is programmed based on matrix computing.Simulation results show thal the method is effective and VB can well combine with Matlab,also the control simulation is implemented easily outside Matlab.


Determined the discrete noiseless duel with the skewsymmetric kernel on the finite subset of the unit square with the nonlinear scale, where the accuracy functions had been laid generally nonlinear. Presented the programs for MATLAB-session in the practical realization of the determined duel solution. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 8 titles.


In a vehicle to grid (V2G) system, electric vehicle (EV) batteries are providing regulation up and regulation down power to the electricity network. Regulation is needed to keep power networks stable and sustainable. The V2G system may provide economic benefit to the grid operator, the aggregator and to the electric car owner. Because the electric car owner is sharing battery capacity with the grid operator, the car driver has to provide details about the next trip, such as, when, and how many kilometres are needed. However, this communication can be avoided by using Automatic Charging Scheme (ACS), where next trip is estimated by using available information. Drivers do not need to provide details about a trip plan, and charging is done by this proposed system.


Cellulitis is an inflammatory condition of sub-cutaneous connective tissue under the skin. Bacteria, most commonly Streptococci and Staphylococci, when they get beneath the skin tissue through possible cuts or bruises, play a big role in the pathogenesis of this condition [1,2]. Diagnosis is fairly straight forward based on the appearance of the skin. If untreated, cellulitis may be highly dangerous. Managing cellulitis with integrative and complementary medicine involves three areas of focus: Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial approaches; rejuvenating factors; and enhancing immunity. An integrated and multi-faceted treatment approach may be successful in restoring normal health in patients suffering from cellulitis.


Hepatoprotective effect of aqueous-alcoholic extracts received from the raw materials of birch bark which are previously dispersed with a size of particles of 0,1-0,3 mm (DBBE) and native birch barks of (NBBE) is studied. Animals were divided into 5 groups on 10 individuals in everyone. Group 1 intact; 2 ССL 4 (negative control); animal of the 3 rd, 4 th groups before introduction of ССL 4 previously within 5 days once abdominally entered DBBE, NBBE in a dose of 100 mg/kg, animal the 5 th group comparisons injected a medicine karsit (JSC Sofarm, Bulgaria) in a dose of 100 mg/kg. 50% ССL 4 Solutio oleosa was entered on the 6 th day abdominally in a dose of 0,2 ml / 100; on the 1 st, 4 th and 7 th day after introduction of ССL 4 the animals were brought out of experiment. The obtained data testify to ability of DBBE to stimulate reparative processes in parenchyma of rats' liver more in comparison with karsil and NBBE.


Describes the approach taken by Whitbread plc to education/industry links, including detail of the structure, strategy and activities undertaken. The main objectives of the partnership are to ensure a balanced programme in terms of the benefits which are generated; equal benefits to Whitbread as to education and those in it. There are some key challenges for the movement as a whole, including proliferation of organizations, focus on quantity, and lack of focus on quality. A considerable review needs to be undertaken not only of the number of organizations, but also of funding based on targets. Universal work experience for all year 11 students is unnecessary and a barrier to the achievement of quality.


Series compensation technology is an effective method of improving stability limit and transfer capability. However, the high fault current and over voltage caused by its specific transient process will make system equipment working in bad condition and threat the running of system. The article takes Jindongnan - Nanyang - Jingmen UHV AC transmission demonstration project as example, uses electromagnetic transient simulation program PSCAD/EMTDC, analyses the switching over voltage of the system with series compensation equipment. The result shows that over-voltage multiplier is too large and the system can not run stably. Then several voltage-restriction measures are listed,and theoretical analysis and simulation prove that the measures can restrict the switching over voltage effectively and make the system running safely and stably.


This study applied an explicit method to the fast structural design of the slow wave circuit in a 0.14 THz folded waveguide traveling wave tube.To valid the primary design,cold-circuit properties,such as dispersion and interaction impedance,were calculated by using both theoretical method and electromagnetic software(CST MWS) simulation.Simulation results showed that,the dispersion curve was almost flat around 0.14 THz,and the interaction impedance was about 1 Ω.In order to satisfy high output power demand,some changes were made.Interactive simulation by CST Particle Studio was found that modified structure could achieve more than 1 W output power around 0.14 THz.Micro Electrical Discharge Machining(EDM) and Micro milling were used for manufacturing a couple of period of the structure,respectively.It is found that both methods could satisfy the size accuracy,however,micro milling could obtain flatter surface and better surface roughness at the bottom.


Positive Quaternion Kaehler Manifolds are Riemannian manifolds with holonomy contained in Sp(n)Sp(1) and with positive scalar curvature. Conjecturally, they are symmetric spaces. We offer a new approach to this field of study via Rational Homotopy Theory, thereby proving the formality of Positive Quaternion Kaehler Manifolds. This result is established by means of an in-depth investigation on how formality behaves under spherical fibrations.


According to Design Code for Filling and Emptying System of Shiplocks and characteristics of Shaxi shiplock,the type of the filling and emptying system was determined to be lock wall longitudinal culvert filling and emptying system.Through analyzing the characteristics of lock wall longitudinal culvert filling and emptying system and its development,summarizing the general situation of the locks with lock wall longitudinal culvert filling and emptying system,the dimensions of the culvert cross section and the detailed layout were put forward after hydraulic calculation and contrast.Furthermore,the discharge coefficient and the valve opening mode were determined.Hydraulic characteristics during lock filling and emptying were calculated by lock filling and emptying mathematical model.The results indicate that the dimensions of the filling and emptying system can suit the conditions of Shaxi shiplock and the hydraulic characteristics can also meet the requirements.It is a fine fill-ing and emptying system type suitable for middle head lock with gravitational lock wall.


Dermatitis artefacta is a psychocutaneous disorder characterized by self mutilating behavior that may be carried out consciously or unconsciously. The disorder is usually seen in response to some stressor in life and may also be seen in patients with an existing skin disorder where they may manipulate the existing skin lesions. Identification and resolution of the stressor is a key element in the management and treatment of the disorder. We present herewith the case of an adolescent boy with dermatitis artefacta that resulted due to the stress of being bullied in school.


Currently, electrical resistance heaters are used to produce most of the hot water in South Africa. Increasing electricity tariffs make these devices very expensive. This paper investigates the economic savings potential of using a cogeneration system made of microturbines, heat pumps and heat exchangers. Specifically the heating of water for large residential units is investigated. Different economic parameters are used to compare microturbine heat pump systems with electrical resistance heaters, natural gas boilers and heat pumps. For different main centres in South Africa, the amount of hot water is determined where a cogeneration system is economically more viable than other types of water heaters. It has been concluded that the most important influence factor is the electricity tariff. The higher the electricity tariff in a city, the smaller the number of domestic consumers where a cogeneration system becomes viable.


A variety of tantalum-alkyne complexes are generated in sity treatment of alkynes with low-valent tantalum derived from TaCl 5 and zinc. These complexes add regioselectively to carbonyl compounds in a one-to-one fashion to yields (E)-allylic alcohols stereoselectively. Iodinolysis of the oxatantalacyclopentene, which is postulated as an intermediate of the reaction, gives a (Z)-3-iodo-2-propen-1-ol derivative


One of the sectors of the economy that does not fall into the neat categories of the benefits of either the market or the public sector is the maritime industry, especially in the developing countries.This article explores the debate about maritime privatization, with the analysis limited to the maritime industry in West and Central Africa as a deliberate effort to avoid the over-generalizations of earlier studies on privatization. It argues that the privatization of maritime SOEs in West Africa is unlikely to result in increased efficiency in the divested enterprises, because the region's maritime problems stem, not necessarily from ownership, but from interactions between the structural constraints in world shipping, and the management style and the domestic and regional politics of these countries. These same factors afflict not only the maritime sector, but largely account for the overall lack of "development" in most of Africa -- an indication that the problems of the maritime sector have little to do with "ownership" of the enterprises per se. Therefore, these constraints arising from the political economy of West Africa would have to be resolved before maritime privatization could achieve its objectives.


Tonghua Baishan area formed a large number of precious characteristic literature because of its special geographical position and historical reasons, long-term accumulation,such as Gao Gouli characteristic literature, Manchu Shaman characteristic literature etc.. According to the features of native form and content for primary digital resource in local literature, using social development strengths perspective, taking Tonghua Baishan area as an example,the article proposes the significance, measures and methods of constructing Tonghua Baishan area primary digital resource protection platform, puts forward new views on the construction to realize the true meaning of the local literature resource protection platform.The contents including the realistic significance for constructing Tonghua Baishan area primary digital resource protection platform;the advantage for constructing Tonghua Baishan area primary digital resource protection platform;the construction of Tonghua Baishan area primary digital resource protection platform. The existence form, collection,classification,catalogue,design and implementation, management and maintenance are discussed. Keywords-local literature;Tonghua Baishan area;primary digital resource;Manchu's folk art;construction


Tomato is considered to be a good host for the reniform nematode Rotylenchulus renifonnis Linford & Oliveira, 1940 and little work has been carried out to determine resistance to the nematode among cultivars. Rebois, Eldridge and Webb (1977) tested several tomato cultivars and wild Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium with the reniform nematode and reported some degree of resistance only in the wild species. Without resistant cultivar, it becomes necessary to determine the variety which is least affected by infection. Hence Our objective was to determine the least inoculum densities at which significant reduction in growth of plant is observed in different cultivars. Changes in phenolics in different cultivars occurring with R. renifomais were determined to ascertain if there is any relationship between the damage of plants and the phenolics as a result of infection.


6 experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of varying distributions of success and failure on attributions of intellectual ability. In the 1st 4 experiments 5s confronted a stimulus person who solved 15 out of 30 problems in a random, descending, or ascending success pattern. In the 5th experiment only the descending and ascending patterns were compared. Contrary to prediction, the performer who showed improvement (ascending success) was not consistently judged to be more able than the performer with randomly spaced successes. The performer with a descending success rate, however, was consistently judged to he more intelligent and was expected to outperform those with either ascending or random patterns. Memory for past performance was uniformly distorted in favor of recalling more success for the descending performer and less success for the ascending and random performers. Neither this measure nor ratings of intelligence required, for their discriminating effects, that 5 himself solve the problems in parallel with the person being judged. In the final experiment S himself performed in an improving, deteriorating, or random but stable fashion, and was then asked to estimate his future performance. Under these circumstances, the ascending performer was more confident about his ability than the descending or random performer, reversing the picture of the 1st 5 experiments. The results were discussed in terms of the salience of early information in attributing ability and the role of social comparison processes. Heider's (1958) analysis of person perception has generated considerable interest in the attribution process or in the conditions under which various personal dispositions are inferred from observed acts. Recent theoretical extensions of Heider's work by Jones and Davis (1965) and Kelley (1967) reflect this continuing interest. The number of empirical studies dealing with attribution is not large, and the bulk of these focus on such dispositions as motives, intentions, and attitudes. Ability dispositions have been almost entirely ignored in considering various attribution instances. The present series of studies does focus on inferences about ability drawn from observed performance. There are undoubtedly many conditions that affect the extent to which 1 This research was facilitated by National Science Foundation Grant G8857. The authors are indebted for comments and suggestions to Jack Brehm, Darwyn Linder, Roland Radloff, and John Thibaut. Catherine Bayes served as the experimenter in the first study and on film; she made a number of perceptive contributions to the planning of the first


Spatial correlation of spectral acceleration (Sa) is required in modelling hazard for risk assessment of spatially distributed systems. The estimation of an appropriate correlation model is still a research task in earthquake engineering, because of several issues related to: data, statistical approaches and estimation tools, and tests to evaluate the estimated models. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the spatial correlation of Sa using records belongs the European Strong motion Database (ESD). The estimation has been performed on multiple earthquakes, considering a ground motion prediction equations (GMPE) fitted to the same records. Results show that the decay rate of correlation, as a function of inter-site distance, tends to increase with structural period. Based on that, a simple linear relationship for the correlation length as a function of structural period is derived, discussed, and compared with previous research on the same topic.


The core of OBE engineering education mode is the achievement of students' ability, which realizes the transformation from "content based" to "student oriented". The course of "mechanical drawing" has been using the traditional teaching mode of "content based". The teaching content has existed before the teaching goal and occupied the core position of the whole teaching activity. The single teaching mode has resulted in the deficiency of timely assistance for certain students who come across difficulties in the course of learning so that they feel hard to learn, leading to the decrease of learning enthusiasm which has been rooted for a long time and hard to be solved fundamentally. The research found that, in line with the concept of OBE engineering education model, the ability to become a leading mechanical drawing teaching model can effectively solve this problem.


Since its inception in 1971, the Computer Aids for Chemical Engineering Education (CACHE) Corporation has concentrated on promoting cooperation among universities, industry, and government in the development and distribution of computer‐related and/or technology‐based educational aids for the chemical engineering profession. This article assesses the success of several projects designed to provide aids for individual courses, as well as for a broader segment of the curriculum. The projects include: (1) the provision of 125 computer assignments for the core courses; (2) the preparation of teaching materials for, and the distribution of, Monsanto's FLOWTRAN program for use in the design courses; (3) the preparation of PC modules for many courses, leading to the Michigan project on the Development of Innovative Engineers, the Washington project on Graphical Computer Aids for fluid flow and reaction in the design of chemical reactors, and the Purdue project on Laboratory Modules; and (4) the development of the MICROCACHE courseware delivery system. Also considered are the CACHE recommendations concerning the minimum requirements for computing in the undergraduate curriculum, presented to the AIChE Education and Accreditation Committee. The CACHE Corporation has facilitated several research conferences, the impact of which is assessed.


This essay develops the concept of "quantified play" to describe and analyze the recent practice of self-tracking in the play of videogames. I argue that statistical, self-tracking utilities in videogames shape how gameplay "appears" and how it is experienced and valued by users. I proceed by situating contemporary self-tracking in games as part of a broader history of play as "quantified." From there, drawing on interdisciplinary studies of self-tracking, as well as Bernard Stiegler's postphenomenological analyses of technology, I characterize quantified play in three main ways. First, it is voluntary and occupied with self-knowledge. Second, it is used in mundane or everyday contexts. Third, it relates to the habitual faculty of users. The remainder of the essay illustrates the concept of quantified play through two examples of tracking hardware and software—showing how numerical or statistical apprehensions of player activity (and visualizations thereof) shape how we negotiate videogames.


Abstract The Natural Health Products Directorate of Health Canada has developed a new regulatory framework for natural health products including herbs, vitamins, minerals and other dietary supplements. The new regulations are the result of a consultative process that included Canadian consumers, health care providers and manufacturers of natural health products. This article summarizes the current (2002) regulatory status of natural health products, reviews the process by which the new regulations were developed, and describes the proposed new regulatory framework. The paper concludes with an exploration of the strengths and weaknesses of the new regulations.


The advent of bioorthogonal chemistry has revolutionized the common practices in protein bioconjugation and contributed to a large extent to the development of chemical biology, a discipline aimed at studying biological / biochemical processes / events in their natural setting (living cells, whole organisms) using dedicated chemical tools. This minireview intends to provide an up-to-date overview on the various bioorthogonal strategies implemented for the conjugation of transition organometallic entities to peptides, peptide nucleic acids and proteins with a focus on targeted applications, i.e. fluorescence- or radio-labeling for imaging, controlled delivery of therapeutic agents and bioanalysis.


Based on the financial restated companies during the 2008- 2011 in Shenzhen trading market,this paper analyzes the factors that impact on the management behavior in internal control deficiencies disclosure based on the view of the motivated selectivity. It finds out that incentives based on economic and political motivation and expensive explicit and hidden costs from internal control deficiencies disclosure are the driving force to motivate managers to withhold internal control deficiencies information; the weak external governance environment and imperfect internal corporate governance foundation provide opportunities for management's opportunistic behavior in internal control deficiencies disclosure; the managerial power beyond management's specific control rights prompts the opportunistic behavior in information disclosure to be achieved. This paper not only helps to standardize the management's behavior in internal control information disclosure,but also provides a basis for information disclosure regulation.


We developed a rapid thermal precleaning technique for using low-temperature hydrogen reduction at 800C. To reduce ttre partial pressure of impurities, we used an ultra high vacuum (UHV) cluster tool with precleaning chamber and a Si deposition chamber. We developed an experimental precleaning chamber that improved the gas flow. Precleaning at 800C for L minute remove oxygen, carbon, and fluorine completely. The contact resistance of poly-SVbulk was 38.9 O with precleaning, and 110.1 O without.


The article discusses the main provisions and the role of mechatronics in production in agriculture. A review of current and promising mechatronic systems for use in agriculture is carried out. It is noted that the use of scientific and technological advances in the field of mechatronics opens up new opportunities for solving multidisciplinary problems, and also makes a person dependent on technical means. The current state and world trends in the application and development of mechatronic systems in the field of agricultural production are investigated. The needs for the use of mechatronic systems and modules in the conditions of agricultural enterprises are analyzed and the problems associated with their implementation and use are identified. The purpose of creating such complexes is to achieve a combination of high productivity and at the same time flexibility of the technical and technological environment due to the possibility of its reconfiguration, which will ensure the competitiveness and high quality of products in world markets. In modern mechatronic systems, to ensure a high quality of implementation of complex and precise movements, it is necessary to apply intelligent control methods. To create intelligent systems, it is necessary to provide flexible interaction of components within the system and with the outside world.
Current trends in the use of mechatronic systems and modules in agricultural production are determined. As the scope of application of mechatronic systems expands and international scientific and technical relations expand, it becomes more and more important to actively exchange new production and information technologies between their creators and users, between various groups of consumers and developers (research centers, enterprises of various forms of ownership, universities ). These forms of cooperation are implemented within the framework of international technology transfer. The development of mechatronics as an interdisciplinary scientific and technical field, in addition to obvious technical and technological difficulties, also raises a number of new organizational and economic problems.


RECENTLY Serafetinides and Falconer' analyzed the speech disturbances occurring during temporal lobe seizures in 100 consecutive patients who subsequently underwent an anterior temporal lobectoniy. They distinguished betweeen ictal dysphasia and ictal speech automatisms, pointing out that, whereas the former was strongly associated with epileptogenic lesions of the dominant hemisphere, speech automatisins could occur in seizures beginning in either hemisphere, although somewhat more often in the minor. The lateralizing value of these 2 phenomena in the diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy was discussed and a number of theoretical implications were considered. Serafetinides and Falconer defined speech automatisms as utterances at the beginning, during, or just after an epileptic seizure of identifiable words or phrases which are linguistically correct but for which the patient is subsequently amnesic. Five types of speech automatism were described, classified as warning, repetitive, irrelevant, emotional, and perplexed, respectively. It was stated that, although, strictly speaking, only the repetitive, irreievant, and emotional types can be called ictal speech automatisms, the authors also included the first and last groups because they reveal an ability and inclination to speak which is closely related to the ictus. AS the patients are subsequently amnesic for all 5 types of speech automatism, the phenomenon can only be studied objectively; paroxysmal dysphasia on the other hand is a remembered phenomenon and can be studied both objectively and subjectively. In this present report, these views, particularly those relating to speech automatisms and their pathogenesis, will be illustrated by reference to an epileptic patient who could be studied unusually thoroughly since it proved possible to induce his habitual seizure, including the speech automatism, by pharmacological means before the operation, and electrically during it (see table). The question of relevance of these findings to other types of automatism will also be touched upon.


We study inverse nodal problems for Sturm–Liouville operator perturbed by a Volterra integral operator with a constant delay. We have estimated nodal points and nodal lengths for this operator. Moreover, by using these data, we have shown that the potential function of this operator can be established uniquely.


A progressive failure analysis capability using interface technology is presented. The capability has been implemented in the COMET-AR finite element analysis code developed at the NASA Langley Research Center and is demonstrated on composite panels. The composite panels are analyzed for damage initiation and propagation from initial loading to final failure using a progressive failure analysis capability that includes both geometric and material nonlinearities. Progressive failure analyses are performed on conventional models and interface technology models of the composite panels. Analytical results and the computational effort of the analyses are compared for the conventional models and interface technology models. The analytical results predicted with the interface technology models are in good correlation with the analytical results using the conventional models, while significantly reducing the computational effort.