Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) serves as a successful treatment option for patients with malignant or non-malignant severe hematologic diseases. However, large numbers of transplantable donor cells are needed and patient survival is compromised when donor cell numbers are limited, as is the case when umbilical cord blood (CB) donor cells are utilized as a donor source for transplantation into adult patients. Given that CB is readily available, has a lower histocompatibility requirement, and has a reduced risk of graft vs. host disease (GVHD) there are advantages to utilizing CB for HSCT, in particular when an appropriate matched donor is not available. However, in the majority of cases potential recipients have been confined to children because in adults, the amount of CB collected appears to be a limiting factor. Given the promise of CB for HSCT there is significant potential and application for improvements in the efficiency of Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) trafficking to the bone marrow (BM) in both scenarios. To facilitate our long term goal of improving HSCT efficiency, we have recently delineated a novel method by where the inhibition of peptidase CD26 on donor HSC and Progenitor Cells (HPC) increases the number of donor HSC/HPC trafficking to recipient's BM, resulting in a significant increase in HSC transplant efficiency. CD26 (DPPIV/dipeptidylpeptidase IV) is a membrane bound extracellular peptidase that cleaves dipeptides from the N-terminus of polypeptide chains. Natural substrates of CD26 protease activity include the pancreatic polypeptide family, the glucagon family, and the chemokine family. Since the removal of N-terminal amino acids from chemokines frequently result in significant changes in functional activity, proteolytic cleavage of chemokines has significant implications with respect to their ability to act on cells. We have previously shown that that suppression of CD26 activity, by the use of CD26 inhibitors or the use of CD26 −/− donor cells, increases the efficiency of HSC/HPC settlement and growth in the transplanted recipient. This translates into an increase in overall recipient survival in mice. We report here the results of experiments that examine the ability of several cytokines to alter CD26 on the surface of CD34 + CD38 − phenotypically defined HSC/HPC from CB. HSC isolated from CB were treated with varying dilutions of either Stem Cell Factor (SCF/steel factor/kit ligand), Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF), Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), Erythropoietin (EPO), or Trombopoietin (TPO) during culture in IMDM, 20% FBS, 37°C, 5%CO 2 for 18 hours and then analyzed for changes in CD26. We observed significant dose dependent increases in the percentage of cells expressing CD26 and the amount of CD26 being expressed on each cell in samples treated with G-CSF, GM-CSF, and SCF as measured by multi-varient flow cytometric analysis. More modest changes in CD26 expression were observed during EPO and TPO treatment. Differential expression of CXCR4 was also noted. We feel these observations have important clinical implications with respect treatment of donor cells prior to transplantation and treatment of patients post HSCT.


In this work we introduce some nonlinear neural dynamics techniques and analyze the performance of two variability measures related to the system uncertainty and predictability in the context of rats sleep study. We propose the bases of a novel automatic sleep staging procedure that is independent of the spectral analysis and can be extended to human sleep EEG data with no need of simultaneous recordings as fMRI, EOG, EMG or polysomnograms.


Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have recently advanced as promising solar cells owing to their many advantages, including the possibility of a low‐temperature solution process, lightweight, and flexibility. In OPVs, the role of the interlayer is important for efficient charge transport from the photoactive layer to electrodes. However, as a hole‐transporting layer (HTL), molybdenum oxide and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) are still used for commercialization despite their drawbacks. The development of novel materials with suitable energy levels and solvent orthogonality is required to enhance hole extraction and optimize the film morphology. Herein, oxidized carbon soot (OCS) and OCS‐functionalized octadecylamine (OCS‐ODA) nanoparticles as HTL materials are synthesized. As a large number of oxygen functional groups are produced via Hummer's method, the devices with the OCS‐ODA exhibit high hole extraction ability. The ODA long alkyl chains functionalized by facile process also improve film morphology to minimize contact resistance and charge recombination. The small‐area (SA), large‐area, and flexible (F) OPVs with OCS‐ODA show power conversion efficiencies of 15.04%, 14.57%, and 12.73%, respectively. In particular, OPVs with OCS‐ODA are further demonstrated to possess storage stability in SA‐OPVs (71% retention after 450 h) and mechanical stability in F‐OPVs (78% retention after 1000 bendings).


The structure, thermal expansion coefficients and ionic conductivity of Ce1-xSmxO2-x/2 and Ce1-xCaxO2-x (x = 0−0.30) solid electrolytes prepared hydrothermally in a relatively wide concentration range for the first time were systematically investigated. The uniformly small particle size (40−68 nm) of the hydrothermally prepared materials allows sintering of the samples into highly dense ceramic pellets at 1400 °C, a significantly lower temperature, compared to that at 1600 °C required for samples prepared by solid-state techniques. The maximum ionic conductivity was found at x = 0.17 for the Sm and at x = 0.09 for the Ca-substituted ceria (σ600 °C = 5.7 × 10-3 S/cm, Ea ≈ 0.9 eV, and σ600 °C = 2.1 × 10-3 S/cm, Ea ≈ 0.8 eV, respectively). The thermal expansion coefficients, determined from high-temperature X-ray data, are 8.6 × 10-6 and 9.4 × 10-6 K-1 for the best conducting Ce0.83Sm0.17O1.915 and Ce0.91Ca0.09O1.91 solid electrolytes, respectively.


Abstract— Scanning‐backlight technology reduces motion blur caused by the sample‐and‐hold effect of traditional liquid‐crystal displays. A side effect of impulse‐type backlight systems is that large‐area flicker may be introduced (like in displays using cathode‐ray tubes). The seriousness of the perceived large‐area flicker is investigated in perception experiments for various implementations of a scanning‐backlight system and for different types of image material. Results show that the main factors contributing to the visibility of large‐area flicker are refresh rate, temporal luminance distribution within a frame period, spatial luminance distribution in the image, and whether or not there is motion in the image.


This paper describes the experience of integration of gamification activities in a Mooc, starting from the techno-instructional Mooc design, making emphasis on technologies that support the model that is presented; to reach results on the level of interaction and student satisfaction. For this, a survey was conducted and analysis of data recorded in the Moodle 2.6 platform on which gamification plugins were integrated. The results show that gamification strategies applied, allow to increasing the percentage of approval, it usually takes the Moocs, reaching 39% compared to participants who started, and 95% compared to the active participants in the last week.


The problems that are encountered by red tape or excessive regulation or rigid conformity to formal rules and ways in which they can be overcome are discussed. Some efforts undertaken by the Australian government to reduce red tape are highlighted.


Regarding the horizontal distribution of phytoplankton in the lake, the noticeable information has been provided by many investigators. The features of the horizontal distribution should be formed by the interplay of the physical actions, such as wind, inand outflowing streams and contour shape of lake basin, and the spatial difference in growth rate of phytoplankton in the lake. However, so far almost all of the illustrations for the causes which determine the horizontal distribution have been made only through the physical actions and they have slightly been touched from the ecological viewpoint. The spatial difference of the productivity must precisely be examined in relation to the study of the primary production in the lake, but the data in this field are still inadequate as to Japanese lakes. Concerning the above subjects, therefore, the present study has been carried out in several lakes with different morphometries, and the features of the horizontal distribution of phytoplankton were pursued on the basis of the dry matter production.


Rapid E-learning Content Management System (RE-CoMS) is a content management system, specifically designed to cater the e-learning needs of any Malaysia's higher learning institutions in general and Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) in particular. The main goal of RE-CoMS is to produce a Content Management System (CMS) that provides customizable templates for variety of subjects thought in the university. Currently there are many available Content Management System (CMS) has been developed and among them are developed using open source languages/technologies. A comparative study on several CMS development has been carried out to see their usability, interoperability and performance in making CMS powerful and workable. The result of our findings is presented in this paper and the right solution of open source technologies is chosen for our RE-CoMS have been identified.


The temperature distribution on a steel plate during a preheating process was comparedusing gas torch models with and without guide vanes. Numerical simulations were done usingANSYS FLUENT software, and experiments were done using thermal images obtained by aTVS-200EX infrared thermal camera. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) was used as fuel for the gastorch in the simulation and experiment. The temperature distribution on the steel plate and theflame region were first compared. The temperature increase caused by the flame concentrationwith the guide vanes was 65 C. The transient and steady-state temperature distribution on theback side of the steel plate were then examined. The results showed good agreement between thesimulation and experimental results. At steady state, the back-side temperature deviation of thesteel plate between the numerical simulation and experimental results was approximately 4.9%.The effects of the equivalence ratio (Φ), Reynolds number (Re), and the downstream distance ratioof the combustion gas from the torch outlet to the steel plate (H/d) on the temperature distributionwere also investigated. The highest temperature distribution was found in stoichiometriccombustion. The temperature of the plate increased as the Reynolds number increased from 2368 to4876 but decreased as the distance ratio (H/d) increased from 25 to 75. The guide vane angles at thegas torch outlet were from 30 to 60 degrees, and the angle of 40 degrees resulted in the highesttemperature of the steel plate.


Series preface Introduction, Vol III Part I Partition, the Treaty and Civil war: The Irish Free State passport and the question of citizenship, 1921-4, Joseph P. O'Grady The Irish civil war, 1922-1923, Brian P. Murphy The Catholic Church and partition, 1918-22, O.P. Rafferty. Part II Establishing Irish Free State, 1922-1932: The politics of reaction: the dynamics of Treatyite government and policy, 1922-33, John M. Regan The Irish Free State and the League of Nations, 1922-32, Michael Kennedy The construction and destruction of a colonial landscape: monuments to British monarchs in Dublin before and after independence, Y. Whelan. Part III The Age of Eamon De Valera, 1932-1948: Final exit? Britain, Eire, the Commonwealth and the repeal of the External Relations Act, 1945-1949, D.W. Dean 'Putting new wine into old bottles': the Irish Right and the embrace of European social thinking in the early 1930s, Mike Cronin 'Burn everything British but their coal': the Anglo-Irish economic war of the 1930s, Kevin H. O'Rourke Dublin slums in the 1930s, Frank Murphy The Blueshirts and the 'economic war': a study of Ireland in the context of dependency theory, Andrew W. Orridge Pariah dogs: deserters from the Irish defence forces who joined the British armed forces during 'the emergency', Liam Canny Catholic action and the development of the Irish welfare state in the 1930s and 1940s, Adrian Kelly. Part IV Northern Ireland, 1920-1968: 'Protestantism before Party!': the Ulster Protestant League in the 1930s, Graham Walker Creating jobs, manufacturing unity: Ulster Unionism and mass unemployment, 1922-34, Christopher Norton Lord Londonderry and education reform in 1920s Northern Ireland, Neil C. Fleming Northern Ireland and British Fascism in the inter-war years, James Loughlin Cultivating their own garden: broadcasting and culture in Northern ireland in the 1930s and 1940s, Gillian McIntosh Belfast republicanism in the 30s: the oral evidence, Bill Rolston and Ronnie Munck. Part V Ireland Since 1949: Ireland and the Marshall plan, Bernadette Whelan Gender and voter appeal in Irish elections, 1948-1997, Michael O'Kelly Changes in population and the extent of the built up area of the Dublin City region, 1936-1988, Arnold Horner. Part VI Northern Ireland Since 1968: Acts of union: youth, sub-culture and ethnic identity amongst Protestants in Northern Ireland, Desmond Bell Northern Irish nationalist political culture, Jennifer Todd 'This is not a rebel song': the Irish conflict and popular music, Bill Rolston From Sunningdale to the Good Friday Agreement: creating devolved government in Northern Ireland, Jonathan Tonge. Part VII Women: Surveying politics of peace, gender, conflict, and identity in Northern Ireland: the case of the Derry Peace Women in 1972, Marie Hammond Callaghan The hidden history of the PFIs: the repatriation of unmarried mothers and their children from England to Ireland in the 1950s and 1960s, Paul Michael Garrett Women and the Irish Free State, 1922-1939: the interaction between economics and ideology, Mary E. Daly Index.


Far-field optical microscopy represents a well-established method in the life sciences as it provides not only noninvasive access to subcellular structures but also features high molecular specificity through fluorescence labelling. Due to diffraction, the resolution of conventional light microscopy is limited to ~λ/2 in the focal plane. This constraint can be surpassed by concepts based on optical switching events [1]. The fundamental principle of nanoscopic techniques lies in the ability of fluorophores to undergo a transition between a fluorescent (on) state and a dark (off) state and can be furthermore assigned to two main schemes. Thus, in methods like PALM and STORM single molecules within a diffraction limited area are stochastically activated and subsequently localized [2]. Alternatively, techniques like RESOLFT or STED are based on targeted switching by precisely defining the sub-resolved area of a fluorescent state. In STED microscopy, the excitation focus is superposed with a, typically doughnut shaped, light pattern which depletes the fluorescence by stimulated emission wherever its intensity is non-zero. STED microscopy proved to provide a resolution of up to ~20 nm [3] and has gained a lot of recognition in the last decades. By definition, resolution enhancement in STED microscopy is achieved by narrowing the effective fluorescent area [1]. This reduction of detection volume depends on the factor of resolution enhancement and is directly linked to a decrease in fluorescence signal which limits the acquisition rate in many cases. We present a novel STED microscopy variant which achieves a higher resolution for a given depletion light intensity as compared to the classical implementation. Furthermore, the overall fluorescence signal detected is significantly higher than for conventional STED microscopy working at the same resolution. Consequently, not only identical super resolution conditions can be realized at lower laser powers but also the acquisition can be considerably sped up. Moreover, both aspects have the potential to drastically reduce photobleaching and sample damage.


The budget allocation for poverty alleviation is getting bigger from time to time. However, the poverty rate did not change significantly. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of poverty programs that have been initiated by the government, through programs (KUBE, PANSIMAS, BUNDES, PNPM, and P2KP), which are believed to improve poverty alleviation efforts in Manyampa Village, Ujung Loe District, Bulukumba Regency. The research method used in this research is quantitative research, with the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis method. Data collection techniques were obtained from questionnaires or primary data sources, while secondary data were obtained from reports from BPS South Sulawesi, BPS Bulukumba, District Offices and related agencies in Bulukumba Regency. The novelty of this study is to explore further and evaluate what programs are quite effective in reducing poverty rates, with the help of expert choice with a consistency test. The results of this study indicate that in poverty alleviation efforts, the P2KP program is the most effective in reducing poverty with small business empowerment-based programs, while from community empowerment-based programs, the PANSIMAS program is more consistent than other programs in poverty alleviation efforts. P2KP and the PANSIMAS program each got a score of 0.02<0.1. It can be interpreted that the Inconsistency ratio <0.1 (the maximum limit) is also tested to be consistent, it's just that the achievement is lower than other programs. The implication of this research is that the local government needs to further evaluate ineffective poverty alleviation programs so that budget misallocations do not occur and are able to accelerate effective poverty alleviation programs that have been running. Keywords: Poverty, Program, Efectiveness


We present a theory of absorptive electro‐optic spatial light modulators based on GaAs/AlGaAs multi‐quantum well structures using arbitrary potential well profiles. In particular, we consider three different quantum well profiles: square, parabolic, and asymmetric triangular. We calculate the transition energies, oscillator strengths and absorption co‐efficients of the lowest‐lying heavy‐ and light‐hole excitons as a function of well width and electric field using a variational approach assuming decoupled valence subbands. For illustrative purposes we select the photon energy of the monochromatic source to be modulated at 1572 meV and aluminum concentration in the barriers to be 0.3. For the sake of comparison among the various modulators with different quantum well profiles we assume that this photon energy coincides with the lowest‐heavy‐hole exciton transition in the absence of an electric field. We find that the required well widths are 75 A for the square well, 174 A for the parabolic well, and 676 A...


Bounded rationality model is an assumption based on the fact that time,resources and intelligence is limited.These limitations restrict people's thinking ability to understand and deal with the problems.While making a decision,we usually can only reach the bounded rationality but not the perfect one.Emotion as a non-rational factor can affect all kinds of decisions,and it works with background emotion,task-related emotion and expected emotion.


Electroless nickel is being used increasingly as a highly wear-resistant coating on various engineering components due to its excellent properties such as uniformity of thickness, this paper microhardness and remarkable resistance to galling and wear. This paper presents investigations into the tribological properties of three electroless nickel coatings containing phosphorus in the range of 8 to 11%


Combinations of different ground and space techniques provide promising tools for the assessment and understanding of Geo-Hazards. We studied the spatially distributed surface deformation related to the 30 July 95, Antofagasta, Chile, subduction earthquake. In order to do this, we applied two space techniques: the Differential Interferometric SAR technique using three sets of ERS-1 SLC data and repeated GPS-measurements in a regional 70-sites' network. Results indicate that: a) co-seismic surface deformation reached values of 90 cm in the vicinity of the epicenter along the coast and values of 10 cm in a distance of 200 km to the epicenter in the direction normal to the trench; b) both the GPS-method and the D-INSAR technique provided highly comparable deformation; c) the co-seismic surface deformation field is fairly homogeneous and shows little perturbations ; d) we are not yet able to distinguish between the long-term secular deformation and the earthquake event triggered deformation. Combining both methods, however, results suggest that where long-term accumulation rates of deformation are apparently high, i.e., in the western part of the investigated area, they must be homogeneously distributed.


The paper analyses the idea of ?Mini-Schengen? as a new opportunity for
 resolving disputes between the countries of the Western Balkans and as
 economic and political integration. The main advantages of membership in
 ?Mini-Schengen? are the removal of customs and all other barriers in
 intraregional trade, which would enable domestic companies to place their
 products throughout the region with the lowest possible logistic costs while
 maximizing protection for their products and market access opportunities.
 Doubts about what exactly ?Mini-Schengen? should assume and which countries
 of the Western Balkans would be members of this union are still numerous. In
 this paper, the author provided answers to some main issues about this
 possible integration. The paper analyses the macroeconomic situation in
 Albania, North Macedonia, and Serbia, anticipating which countries would
 achieve the greatest benefit for their economy in the case of the
 establishment of ?Mini-Schengen?. Political consequences of the
 ?Mini-Schengen? are also analysed to provide an answer to which countries
 would achieve the greatest political benefit from this association, and
 which would suffer certain political damage. The author concludes that the
 main conception of ?Mini-Schengen? is to create a single labour market,
 which would maintain a low minimum wage in Serbia and ensure stability in
 the influx of labour in order to keep the existing foreign investors and
 attract new ones.


In her interview with Mauricio Carrera "Me apasiona la inteligencia" ("Intelligence fascinates me"), Ines Arredondo –Mexican writer from Sinaloa, part of the Generation of the Mid-Century–, states that "La senal" ("The Signal") was the first tale that provided her the guideline regarding the form and topic she would be later interested in developing in later writings. In this respect, most of the aesthetics of Arredondo can be analyzed in this story. As a result, its study is convenient due to its literary value. The present article resumes the aforementioned tale as its axis and analyses the topics of the sacred, the numinous, the intertextuality of biblical characters, as well as the encounter with the divine.


A even if not arranged light sources in the vicinity of each vertex curvature of the main surface, while reducing the difference in brightness due to the location of the main surface, it is possible to provide a light guide plate that contributes to power saving . Further, by using this light guide plate, without arranging the light source in the vicinity of each vertex curvature of the main surface, while maintaining a small brightness difference due to the location of the main surface, a display device capable of reducing power consumption and it is possible to provide a road sign including the display device. A for the area ratio of the first diffusing dots 32a and the second diffusing dots 32b occupying the second diffusion region is larger than the area ratio of the first diffusing dots 32a occupying the first diffusion region, the light source unit on the curved section 30a the even if not provided, while reducing the difference in brightness in the entire main surface (unevenness in brightness), it can contribute to power saving. .FIELD 1


'Dante's Modernity' pursues ambitions that go far beyond its ostensible editorial function as a preface to the medieval author's early 14th-century political treatise. The text exemplifies Lefort's signature method of taking political philosophy in new directions by drawing on the fundamental indeterminacy and openness of key works from the history of political philosophy. The result is as much an interpretation of the Monarchia as it is of political modernity itself.


The emergence of shingle recording technology has made the high-capacity disk possible, which does not change the original magnetic medium, but add a shielding layer to the original disk. However, random write performance of the current shingle disk is very poor, which becomes an important factor restricting the extention of its applications. We propose an Optimization Shingle Disk Model short for OSDM to provide a feasible method for shingle disk. Through the study of traditional shingle disk model, we list the following optimization aspects: 1. Redesign mapping module, aiming at the random write optimization, where we proposed the partition mapping using SR-Sector and SR-Block structures; 2. In garbage collection module, through the dynamic optimal and greedy algorithms, each region has shown good collection efficiency; 3. For data transfer module, a multiple collection has shown to improve the separation efficiency of cold and hot data. A prototype of OSDM also has been implemented by software simulation, and the results also show excellent performance as well as 5 times significant capacity.


In recent years, Cambodia has transitioned from a communist state to a liberal democracy following market economic practices. Transition in the political economy has, in turn, influenced education and, more specifically, moral education. In this article, I define moral education more broadly than many, as additionally dedicated to the preparation of students ideologically for participation in, or opposition to, political and economic movements at the world level. During successive communist regimes (Democratic Kampuchea, 1975–1979, and the People's Republic of Kampuchea, 1979–1989), Cambodian governments used education to prepare 'new' men and women capable of participation in, or withdrawal from, the international socialist revolution. Beyond advancing ways of thinking and acting appropriate in contemporary Cambodian society, moral education in the State of Cambodia (1989–1993) and the Kingdom of Cambodia (1993–present) is preparing students for participation in the world to which democratization and liberalization have led.


Self-starting performance, which is typically related to the likelihood of a laser going promptly into mode-locking status as pump power ramps up, has always been an important factor while evaluating a Figure-9 laser. Here, quite strikingly, we find that the conventional way to assess self-starting characteristics may not fully reflect the laser's starting capability. Specifically, we perform a "roaming mode", where the mode-locking status is accessed by continuously rotating the waveplates after the pump power is fixed. Compared with conventional way, the roaming mode is seen to yield significantly more mode-locking states. In roaming mode, scanning from different directions produce qualitatively the same results. Our findings suggest there are indirect but accessible mode-locking states in the parameter space. The rotating action in "roaming mode" is believed to provide the necessary physical excitation to enable these states. Our findings provide an updated guideline for designing and optimizing Figure-9 lasers.


In this paper we propose conceptually new approach to pricing European call options in markets with transaction costs. In contrast to the previous research, we introduce and model two - quote and gross (which includes transaction costs and fees) - price processes. Also using both price processes we introduce new portfolio replication concept, namely "quasi replication" strategy. The advantage of the proposed model is its simplicity, whereby the price of the European option is expressed in terms of the Black-Scholes type formulas.


In this research work the early fatigue damage characteristics up to 50% of life has been investigated at near‐endurance stress amplitude in a medium carbon steel with hardened & tempered and normalized conditions by application of post fatigue tensile loading. During fatigue loading microvoids were generated at the interphase‐interface through vacancy clustering. Directional localized coalescence of these microvoids generated 'void sheets' in the normalized steel and 'craters' in the hardened & tempered steel. These defects acted as the potential sites for failure during post fatigue tensile loading deteriorating the mechanical properties. This was, therefore, clearly indicated that when a high tensile load is superimposed on near‐endurance fatigue loading, material may fail much earlier than its actual fatigue life. The normalized steel suffered from more reduction in ductility than the hardened & tempered steel indicating more susceptibility to fatigue damage.


Power means different things to different people. Some say that power is the ability to exert(施加) influence beyond those one actually controls. Others maintain that power boils down (压缩,简化) to the ability to get what one wants. Considering that we need income to obtain the things that we need or want,


Meshless methods, developed in various ways over the past decade, have been attractive as new computational methods in that they do not need mesh generation in analyzing procedure. But most of these methods were not truly meshless methods because background meshes were required for the spatial integration of a weak form. Accordingly, in this paper, nodal integration for truly meshless methods has been studied, and an improvement scheme is proposed. To improve stabilization and accuracy, which are the weak points in previous nodal integration methods, the integration area is transformed to circle and then numerically integrated. This method does not need any adding term for stabilization in the variational formulation and then simplifies the integration procedure. Numerical test results show that the proposed method is more accurate, stable, and reasonable than the existed nodal integration methods.


INTRODUCTION Each year, there are about 3 million musculoskeletal surgeries performed in the United States. Two primary therapeutic methods used to repair musculoskeletal damage, specifically concerning bone damage, are autografts and allografts. Autografting, involves removing bone material from a secondary site on the patient for implantation at the damaged site, while allografting encompasses inserting bone pieces from a donor into the patient. However, there are a few major problems with both of these techniques. One overall issue is they both require removal of bone, which can be a painful procedure. Autografting is specifically problematic because it requires more surgery/recovery time since bone is extracted from one area of the body for insertion at another site. Although allografting combats the problem of multiple surgeries on the patient, there is a lack of donors as well as a high potential for disease transmission and for the patients' body to reject the bone donation. 3 In order to combat these grafting issues, scientists have developed biocompatible scaffolds to promote tissue regeneration. One regenerative technology still in development is an inverted colloidal crystal (ICC). An ICC structure, as seen in Figure 1, is characterized by having highly ordered, interconnected, porous networks, a solid backbone made of biocompatible materials and the ability to enhance cellular growth and nutrient diffusion due to the spherical cavities and porosity. ICC's are typically created by forming colloidal crystals, embedding them within a solid material, such as a polymer, and subsequently removing the particles from the solid matrix, forming a porous material. 5


This paper describes theoretical and methodological tools deployed for contextual readings of legislation. The paper argues that unpacking the power relations and ideologies embedded within text becomes especially important when researching law in hegemonic polities in which the public domain is state dominated. Because legislation, as finished product, masks the contestations and contexts which have informed, precipitated and contextualised it, discursive readings of legislation repair the exclusion of non-state voices by interrogating and de-coding legislative text.


BACKGROUNDAIM: To study the antioxidation effcts of Vitamin E or/and lipioc acid on mice injuries caused by phosgene. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50mice with acute injury induced by phosgene were randomly diˉvided into5groups of control,poisoning,Vitamin E,lipioc acid,Vitamin E adding lipioc acid.The WBC and PLT were analyzed with auto-analysis meter,and MDA of liver and lung was determined with fluorometry. RESULTS: The dose of6mg/kg Vitamin E or/and0.8mg/kg lipioc acid could increase the amounts of WBC and PLT in peripheral blood(P0.05)and inhibit MDA level of liver and lung.The group Vitamin E showed best inhibition on MDA(P0.05).The group of Vitamin E plus lipioc acid did not show significant cooperative effect;on the contrary they came forth antagonistic effect. CONCLUSION: The antioxidation effect of Vitamin E is better than lipioc acid on mice injuries caused by phosgene.Among three groups,the group of Vitamin E plus lipioc acid has certain antagonism in inhibiting the level of MDA.


With photographs taken on location in France , this book presents a celebration of the French tradition o f the aperitif, and contains over fifty recipes for fruit wi nes, classic aperitifs, and also includes ideas for non-alco holic drinks. '


age when making critical "life-and-death" decisions in the delivery room. Concerning the 5 children in the nonimpaired group who were "false-negatives" (ie, whose MDI at 20 months dropped from 85 to an IQ below 85 at 8 years), none of these 5 children were diagnosed with a neurologic abnormality at 8 years of age, and we know of no insult occurring between 20 months and 8 years that may explain their drop in IQ. Furthermore, in none of the 5 children did the IQ drop to the subnormal range ( 70). Their mean MDI at 20 months was 94.6 (range: 86–108) and mean IQ at 8 years was 80.8 (range: 80– 83). The drop in IQ in these 5 children may reflect measurement error, although past studies of IQ changes across childhood have revealed variations of this magnitude in a minority of children.2


The invention relates to a tensioning track (1). The tensioning track is used for a drawing mechanism transmission device on an internal combustion engine. The tensioning track is provided with a carrier body (2) capable of deflecting via a deflecting mechanism and a sliding layer (3) adhered on the carrier body (2), wherein, at least a protruding portion (4) of the carrier body (2) is embedded in a concave seat (5) of the sliding layer (3) in a way that the sliding layer (3) is substantially immovably fixed on the carrier body (2). The invention also relates to a drawing mechanism transmission device provided with the tensioning track.


Numerous problems are seen in the general lifestyle and health of young adults with noscomially acquired HIV between 1987-1990, a peculiarity of the HIV infection in Romania. One of these problems is immunity alteration as reflected in the oral pathology of these patients. This study evaluates the impact that the HIV infection has on the oral health of infected young adults. The current observational, case-control study compares the caries experience and the impact on oral health quality in 114 HIV positive young adults versus a control group, using the Decay-Missing-Filled (DMF) Index and the oral health profile, obtained using by OHIP-14 questionnaire method.


Cyclization of unsymmetrical thioureas affords N-(6-substitued-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2(3H)-imine compounds by the reaction of 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)thiourea derivatives and 2-bromoacetophenone in the presence of Et3N. Also, methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl carbamodithioate derivatives with methyl anthranilate were reacted and 3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives as new compounds are synthesized. In the following, synthesized compounds (2a- 2d) were evaluated for anti-tumor activity against MCF-7, MAD-MD-231, HT-29, HeLa, Neuro-2a, K-562 and L-929 cell lines and the results obtained from MTT-assay revealed the best cytotoxicity for 2b compound containing a phenolic segment in their buildings. On the other hand, apoptosis assay for this compound was also carried out by flow cytometry supporting the other results.


Professor Trebilcock is a member of the Faculty of Law and the Director of the Law and Economics Programme in the University of Toronto. He was a Tutor (I963), Lecturer (1964-1966) and Senior Lecturer (1967-1970) in the Faculty of Law, the University of Adelaide. This article is based upon work undertaken by the author as a member of the Prime Ministerial Task Force on Customary Land Issues in Papua New Guinea in 1982. It also draws on, and develops further, work undertaken by the author and Jack L Knetsch : Land Policy and Economic Development in Papua New Guinea (Institute of National Affairs, Port Moresby, PNG, 1981).


SUBTITLE: COMPANIES ARE REALIZING THE IMPORTANCE OF FOCUSING IN THE AFTERMARKET -- BOTH FROM THE STANDPOINT OF PROFITS AND THE NEED TO BOOST CUSTOMER SERVICE.


Developing nervous systems grow to integrate sensory signals from different modalities and to respond through various behaviors. Here, we examined the development of escape behavior in zebrafish [45–170 h postfertilization (hpf)] to study how developing sensory inputs are integrated into sensorimotor circuits. Mature fish exhibit fast escape upon both auditory/vestibular (AV) and head-tactile stimuli. Newly hatched larvae, however, do not respond to AV stimuli before 75 hpf. Because AV-induced fast escape in mature fish is triggered by a pair of hindbrain neurons known as Mauthner (M) cells, we studied functional development of the M-cell circuit accounting for late acquisition of AV-induced escape. In fast escape elicited by head-directed water jet, minimum onset latency decreased throughout development (5 ms at 45–59 hpf, 3 ms after 75 hpf). After 75 hpf, lesioning the otic vesicle (OV) to eliminate AV input resulted in loss of short-latency (Ͻ5 ms) fast escape, whereas ablation of the sensory trigeminal ganglion (gV) to block head-tactile input did not. Before 75 hpf, however, fast escape persisted after OV lesion but disappeared after gV ablation.


not professional trainers, all are involved in facilitating adult learning. Managing the Learning Process provides a practical guide to adult learning, focusing on the delivery rather than the design of training. It provides basic guidelines to the adult educator, emphasizing the role of the trainer as facilitator and discussing why certain methods do or do not help adults learn. The book is arranged in the sequence in which one would normally approach managing a training session. Topics include making arrangements, setting and maintaining a learning climate, and making presentations. The authors examine in detail the processes of giving instructions, monitoring individual and group tasks, and managing the reporting process. The section dealing with instructions is particularly well-done. The focus then shifts to managing specific learning activities, such as presentations, question-answer sessions, group discussion, simulations,


Diversity in soil-borne microbial communities - a tool for biological system management of root health biological control of fusarium wilts - towards development of commercial products use of sporidesmium sclerotivorum for biocontrol of sclerotial plant pathogens strategies for biological control of necrotrophic fungal foliar pathogens powdery mildews - recent advances toward integrated control biological control with trichoderma species biological control strategies for sclerotinia diseases biological control of postharvest disease biocontrol of postharvest diseases of temperate fruits - challenges and opportunities selection, characterization, and use of microbial antagonists of the control of fusarium dry rot of potatoes biological control of weeds using microorganisms formulating microorganisms for biological control of weeds control of cucumber mosaic virus using viral satellites enhancement of biological nitrogen fixation using strain-specific bacterial viruses for biological control of ineffective bradyrhizobium or rhizobium chitinolytic enzymes of fungi and their involvement in biocontrol of plant pathogens impact of liquid culture physiology, environment, and metabolites on biocontrol agent qualities - pseudomonas fluorescence 2-79 versus wheat take-all genetic analysis of selected antifungal metabolites produced by pseudomonas aureofaciens molecular probes and assays useful to identify plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria, and marked biocontrol agents genetic approaches for analysis and manipulation of rhizosphere colonization by bacterial biocontrol agents.


Objective:To establish an RP-HPLC method of wavelength switching simultaneous determination of the content for caffeic acid,cimicifuga glycodides,ferulate acid,iso-ferulic acid,Cimicifuga Su 5 kinds of constituents in cimicifuga.Methods:Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm)columns;mobile phase:acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution(13∶87);the detection wavelength:0-7 min,323 nm;7-12 min,254 nm;12-17 min,316 nm;17-20 min,254 nm;column temperature:40 ℃;velocity:1.0 mL·min-1;the injection volume:10 μL.Results:Prim places in different commodities 5 kinds of constituents in significantly different cimicifuga glycodides and Cimicifuga Su were undetected in some samples.Conclusion:The method of wavelength switching can be used for the simultaneous determination 5 kinds of constituents in cimicifuga,which provide a scientific basis for quality assessment to Cimicifuga.


In linguistics, the study of the structure of two languages that are not genetically related is termed contrastive linguistics. English belongs to the Indo-European language family; while, Arabic pertains to Semitic languages. Studies of contrastive linguistics of Arabic and English syntax are very rare, with this one addressing the case theory and Arabic prepositions being a distinguished effort, perhaps less taken by researchers of contrastive linguistics. The book has its purpose as proffering an introduction of case theory and its principles as applied to Arabic syntax within the framework of Government and Binding Theory initiated by Chomsky in (1981). This theory accounts for the assignment of case to every phonetically realized NP by case assignor in the sentence.For instance, the nominative case is assigned by Finite INFL/T, the accusative by a verb, dative by a verb and a preposition and oblique cases (that is instrumental, commetative, and locative)are assigned by prepositions.


Firstly,the binary numeral is used to present each information granule base on rough set. Secondly,definition of granular computing and two algorithms base on granular to obtain the importance of attributes and construct decision tree.Finally an instance is proposed to prove effective of the algorithms.


Summary Gametogenesis in the Chinese pen-shell bivalve, Atrina maura (Sowerby, 1835) was provoked under artificial conditions in a running water system maintained under constant environmental conditions in semi-closed tanks. The specimens were fed with a diet commonly used in experimental hatcheries. Gametogenesis was described using stereological techniques (based on the oocyte diameters), classical and semi-thin histology procedures, and electron microscopy. Four reproductive stages were recognized based on oocyte size and cytological characteristics of the gonad: early gametogenesis (4–15 μm), growing (16–30 μm), mature (31–45 μm), and degenerating (46–65 μm). During gametogenesis, the auxiliary cells surrounded the oocyte basal region in the growing stage, afterward disappearing. A process of auto- and heterosynthesis characterize the mature stage, and nuclear deterioration and cytoplasmic membrane disintegration define the degenerating stage. The ultrastructural study of gonads showed that the cytological evolutionary process is comparable to those described for other bivalves. Additionally, the use of semi-thin histology permitted observation of oogonia mitosis. The conditioning system used in this experiment allowed the pen-shells to attain gonadal maturity in 35 days. The application of this procedure will permit hatcheries to obtain viable oocytes for larvae culture.


Selected findings are presented from 152 semi‐structured interviews of people aged 75 and over on the theme of dietary beliefs and practices. Participants resided in urban and rural localities in Scotland and were interviewed in their own homes. Data are presented on the perceived importance of food, defining healthy eating, locality and financial constraints. In considering the implications of data for policy and practice the concepts of the enabling locality and "proper" food are considered. Maintaining independence was the priority for participants and food was perceived as a contributing factor to keeping bodies going and limiting the potential for dependence on others.


Background: Lurasidone is an atypical antipsychotic agent that has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of adults with schizophrenia in the dose range of 40–160 mg/d. The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the acute efficacy and safety of lurasidone in adolescent patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: Adolescents (13–17 years old) diagnosed with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of double-blind treatment with fixed-dose lurasidone 40 mg/d, 80 mg/d, or placebo. Changes from baseline to Week 6 in PANSS total and subscale (positive, negative, general psychopathology, excitability) scores were evaluated using mixed-model, repeated-measures analysis. Treatment response was defined as ≥20% reduction from baseline in PANSS total score at Week 6 and was analyzed using a logistic regression model with last observation carried forward (LOCF) approach.

Results: A total of 326 patients (mean age, 15.4 years) were randomized and received lurasidone 40 mg/d (N = 108), 80 mg/d (N = 106), or placebo (N = 112). The PANSS total score at Week 6 demonstrated a placebo-adjusted, least-squares (LS) mean improvement of −8.0 (P < .001; effect size [ES] = 0.51) for the 40 mg/d group and −7.7 (P < .001; ES = 0.48) for the 80 mg/d group. Placebo-adjusted LS mean change for lurasidone 40 mg/d and 80 mg/d, respectively, was −3.2 (P < .001; ES = 0.62) and −3.2 (P < .001; ES = 0.60) on the PANSS positive subscale, −1.7 (P = .011; ES = 0.41) and −1.6 (P = .022; ES = 0.35) on the PANSS negative subscale, −2.8 (P = .012; ES = 0.38) and −2.8 (P = 0.011; ES = 0.37) on the PANSS general psychopathology subscale, and −1.1 (P = .016; ES = 0.36) and −1.8 (P < .001; ES = 0.53) on the PANSS excitability subscale. The proportion of treatment responders at Week 6 (LOCF) was 42.0% in the placebo group, 63.9% in the lurasidone 40 mg/d group (P < .001; NNT = 5), and 65.1% in the lurasidone 80 mg/d group (P < .001; NNT = 5). The most common adverse events (incidence ≥5% in either lurasidone group and at least twice the rate of placebo) for lurasidone 40 mg/d, 80 mg/d, and placebo, respectively, were nausea (12.7%, 14.4%, and 2.7%), somnolence (9.1%, 11.5%, and 5.4%), akathisia (9.1%, 8.7%, and 1.8%), vomiting (8.2%, 6.7%, and 1.8%), and sedation (5.5%, 1.9%, and 1.8%). The rate of study discontinuation due to adverse events was higher in placebo-treated versus lurasidone-treated patients (8.0% vs. 3.7%, respectively).

Conclusion: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study of adolescent patients with schizophrenia, lurasidone (40 mg/d and 80 mg/d) demonstrated statistically significant efficacy and clinically meaningful improvement across a range of symptoms associated with this disorder. Lurasidone treatment was generally safe and well tolerated in this study.

Sponsored by Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01911429","term_id":"NCT01911429"}}NCT01911429


Beginning in January of 2019, 8 of the 10 In-Vacuum Undulators installed in the NSLS-II storage ring underwent in-house in-situ control system upgrades allowing for control of the magnetic gap during motion down to the 50 nm level with an in-position accuracy of nearly 5 nm. Direct linking of Insertion Devices and beamline monochromators is achieved via a fiber interface allowing precise, simultaneous, nonlinear motion of both devices and providing a fast hardware trigger for real-time accurate insertion device and monochromator fly scanning. This presentation will discuss use case scenarios at light source facilities and detail the precision achieved for simultaneous motion. Particular attention is given to the precision at which undulator energy harmonic peaks can be tracked and the variation of the peak flux in motion.


The fascinating behavior of transition metal oxides can change dramatically when they are scaled down to atomic-size dimensions; however, understanding the emergent properties is a major challenge. In this paper, the authors observe the evolution of multiple phase transitions as the thickness is reduced from bulk to the atomic layer limit in NdNiO${}_{3}$ superlattices. Their measurements demonstrate a separation of the insulating phase from magnetic and charge-ordered phases, which coexist in the bulk, and the emergence of a hidden, unordered insulating phase for a single atomic layer. Modeling shows that the phase manipulation uniquely takes advantage of the effects of 2D confinement and symmetry-breaking at the interface.


Abstract We present information on the breeding biology and nest-site characteristics of the western subspecies of the Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina arizonae) in montane ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of the Colorado Front Range. We located 83 nests during the summers of 1999–2002. The earliest egg date was 23 May and young fledged as late as 11 August. Nests were typically placed in needle clusters on outer branches of ponderosa pines. Mean canopy cover at nest sites was 50%. We observed no differences in nest placement or nest-site microhabitat between successful and unsuccessful nests. The nesting cycle lasted approximately 30 days, including 4 nest-building days, 3 egg-laying days, 14 incubation days, and 9 brooding days. Nests with known outcomes fledged a mean of 1.67 young from a mean clutch of 3.08 eggs. At least 27 nests (32.5%) were depredated, making predation the primary cause of nest failure. Of 42 successful nests, 5 (11.9%) were parasitized, although at least two Chipping Sparrows and one Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) fledged from each parasitized nest. Both parasitism rates and nest success are highly variable among populations in this species.


This paper deals with three different types of horn antenna systems such as pyramidal horn, conical horn and flat scalar ring horn antennas are designed, compared and finally the suitable & better horn antenna is selected for the real time application at L-Band and SBand region. The designed antenna performance in terms of polarization, small size, light weight and multi path rejection are observed. The three different types of horn antennas are simulated with commercially available software known as Ansoft HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator), detailed design procedure with dimensions are presented and performance results are measured. The proposed antenna gives decent gain over operating range of L and S frequency bands with wide 3-dB bandwidth.


In the 19th century, scores of middle class women from Madrid joined social life through different kinds of associations: social gatherings, charities and educational, masonic and religious societies. The author gives an outline of the most important of these associations and their links with one another.


is that of the squirrel turning in its cage, the fate which inexorably awaits * any metaphysics that strives to side-track Mind. We have not attempted to disguise our dissent from Professor Carr's •^ main line of argument. .But this in no way lessens our appreciation of the many merits of his book. I t is full of the ripe learning and the speculative insight that we look for from a thinker of his distinction. The very fact ^ that it frankly challenges accepted doctrines makes it unusually stimulating and instructive. I t will appeal not only to those who are at one with the •f author in his view that the science of to-day demands a thoroughgoing reform of spiritual values, but to the wider public who desire to study . *. from all sides the problem of the relation of philosophy to morals and religion. It deserves attention also from adherents of orthodox beliefs, who will do well to inform themselves of the difficulties besetting their position by reading *£ a book whose reasoning is never captious or superficial, and which is inspired by a generous enthusiasm to furnish a stable intellectual foundation for .^ devotion to the service of mankind. W. G. DE BURGH.


Contaminant transport from riverine sediments was investigated via physical and mathematical models. Due to its remote nature, there exists a lack of understanding of transport mechanisms and rates at the sediment-water interface of rivers. This dissertation is focused on evaluation of potential abiotic transport processes which affect the movement of contaminants across this sediment-water interface. Only non-dispersive transport of passive contaminants was considered allowing the research to focus on the movement of the sediment pore water which carries the contaminants. The abiotic processes studied include the advection by flow of sediment pore water and the movement and turnover of sediment through erosion by the overlying river flow. Pore water flow driven by a mean hydraulic gradient between the river and its associated ground-water aquifer and driven by the local pressure variations associated with the uneven surface of the river sediment was considered. Mathematical models of the transport mechanisms considered are presented and used to compare the importance of each. The preliminary results indicate the potential importance of a heretofore largely unexamined mechanism, advective transport by the local pressure variations over the uneven bed sediment. The mathematical models developed for the flow and transport processes in the bottom sediments can be applied to a variety of realistic river conditions. A very general model of ground-water flow based on the boundary element method and capable of describing flow in heterogeneous media


This essay addresses the affective and social components on online teaching, components that have been neglected in much research on distance learning. The essay offers accessible and practical advice for online teachers to create a "context of care" in their classrooms, thus minimizing student anxiety and maximizing student learning. I've taught writing classes online now for six years. Some semesters I've taught exclusively online, and when I reveal this to people - both inside and outside of academia - they tend to give me the same reaction. "Oh. . . . that's interesting," they usually say. This is generally followed up with a tentative, "Um... but don't you miss the classroom?" So many conversations about online teaching are often centered on the idea of loss or "missing out," as if the classroom, and all that is inherent in "classroom learning," is primarily a brick and mortar concept. Even if people are convinced that academic rigor and quality of instruction can be equally delivered online, the idea of online teaching as a deficit model still lingers a bit, both within and outside university walls. I've concluded that this perceived deficit is often believed to fall primarily within the affective domain of teaching and learning - the way teachers are able to create a safe, welcoming, comfortable classroom environment that brings out the best in students. As Kay Johnson Lehmann has argued, the perception that online teaching is "cold and impersonal" is a myth (p. 1). However, it's a myth that is powerful and pervasive, especially among those who tend to associate online instruction with the old model of the correspondence course where students are on their own to learn pre-packaged content and have "no interaction with other students in the class, little interaction with the professor" and receive feedback which is "weak" and "not generally helpful" (p. 6). In short, online instruction is often perceived as incapable of fostering the necessary interpersonal relationships or sense of classroom community that leads to effective student learning. Composition instructors and researchers Joan Piorkowski and Erika Scheurer (2000) have argued that "As writing teachers, we are familiar with students... who cherish their independence and resist using outside resources" for assistance; yet, they note, students must develop a "social view of the writing process in order to become confident, responsible writers" (p. 73). The ability to develop a social view of the writing process, according to Piorkowski and Scheurer, is predicated on students understanding that learning generally is a social process. Yet this lesson is a difficult one, particularly for new or inexperienced college students - no matter in what class or discipline - who often lack the self-advocacy skills to seek out answers, assistance, or resources to help them succeed. In their research, Piorkowski and Scheurer found that developing these self-advocacy skills and adopting a social view of the learning process is largely contingent upon students' perception "that the person they are seeking feedback from cares about them," as well as their work (p. 73). In fact, additional research by Susan McCleod (1997) has suggested that college students' motivation and success often manifests itself in two sets of behavior, depending on the context of care they perceive in the classroom environment. The first type of behavior is "origin" behavior, where students feel confident and comfortable in the classroom setting and thus assume control over their learning and take responsibility for their actions (p. 49). When students exhibit "origin" behavior, they feel empowered to ask questions, participate in class, and see themselves as active agents of their own learning; as a result, they are more likely to hold themselves accountable for their successes and failures. The second type - often familiar to online instructors - is what McCleod has called "pawn" behavior, where students lack confidence and comfort in class and begin to slip away, taking no responsibility for their actions and seeing their success (or lack thereof) determined by external forces outside of their control (p. …


In Statistical language modeling, we create probability models over words and sentences. Although there is a large amount of data available, statistical language modeling is a tough task in many languages that have rich morphology. Such languages have a large number of word types in relation to word tokens which leads to high perplexity, a large number of unseen word contexts and a large number of out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words. Many models are simply smoothed conditional probability distributions for a word given its preceding history. Although smoothing methods have significantly improved the performance of n-gram language models, these models have a few limitations like, n-gram language models cannot handle long range information. The sequential nature of the surface form of sentences does not reflect the deep structure of their meaning and this weakens conventional n-gram models. Experiments on Long-distance bigrams were performed in [Rosenfeld 1994]. His work began as an attempt to capture some of the information present in the longer distance history. The training-set (1 million words of the Brown Corpus) perplexity of long-distance bigrams for various distances were obtained. The perplexity was the least when the distance(d) was 1 and increased significantly as the value of d was increased to 2,3,4 and 5. However, for d=6,....10, training set perplexity remained at almost the same level. This level was consistently below the perplexity of the d=1000 case. Hence, some information exists in the more distant past but it is spread thinly across the entire history. The idea of incorporating some form of syntax in language models to deal with data sparseness and to generalize well to unseen word sequences was proposed by [Brown et al. 1990] in the form of class-based models. The classes extracted were used in a conditional probabilistic model which predicted the class sequence for a word sequence and then used it to predict the word sequence, wN 1


The October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake in Northern California caused extensive damage to the region's transportation network and forced temporary commute modifications during the reconstruction period. Pre- and post-earthquake commute characteristics on the major interregional highway connecting Santa Cruz County with the San Francisco Bay area are described and whether the enforced carpooling required during the highway reconstruction period caused any sustained changes in ridesharing behavior in this corridor is examined. On the basis of the two surveys conducted during and after the reconstruction period, it was concluded that 57% of survey respondents who were forced to carpool during the post-earthquake reconstruction period chose to continue ridesharing after the highway returned to normal operations. Survey respondents indicated that the greatest incentives to continue carpooling were cost savings and ease of finding suitable carpool partners. Those who discontinued ridesharing most often cited irregular work hours as the reason. Implications for rideshare marketing are discussed.


Introduction: The evolution of the composition of planetary atmospheres is largely determined by the partial melting and volcanic outgassing of the planetary interior. In turn, the composition of the atmosphere dictates the surface temperature of the planet (due to processes like the greenhouse effect), which is an important boundary condition for crustal and mantle processes in the interior of a planet (Fig. 1). Venus in particular has a thick atmosphere at present with an abundance of the greenhouse gas CO2 and a small amount of water vapour. Its surface conditions are harsh with a surface temperature of 737 K and a surface pressure of 93 bar. However, the surface conditions may have been much milder up to recent times [1]. The evolution of the surface evolution and therefore its convective regime is thought to be significantly affected by volcanic outgassing throughout the thermal evolution of Venus. Here, we show the first results of coupling a grey atmosphere model (i.e., we assume that the absorption coefficients are constant and hence independent of frequency) considering only CO2 and H2O as greenhouse gases to the geodynamic code Gaia [2]. We compare our results to previous studies [3, 4, 5] who employed similar coupled models to address the interaction between the interior and atmosphere of Venus.


A method for monitoring a battery (10) and for performing the method of the battery pack (10) is presented. The battery pack (10) comprises a plurality of cells (12,14,16), wherein at least two in contact with the battery (12,14,16) are arranged for the recording of the battery (12, 14, at least one electronic unit (30) 16) parameters, the electronics unit and the central receiver (22) is in communication, wherein the at least one feature (30) recording at least one electronic unit parameter and the characteristic parameters are transferred to said central receiver.


s from past meetings Christmas Meeting and AGM Saturday 3rd December Online Sepideh Alassi (Basel) Scientific challenges and encryption of discoveries in the 17th century rational mechanics Proposing mathematical questions as contests was already popular among Renaissance and early-modern mathematicians including Huygens and Leibniz. Commonly, a mathematical question was proposed to be solved, and the challenger explicitly invited a few mathematicians to solve the problem in a given period of time. In this talk, I will first present a few interesting mathematical challenges initiated by Jacob Bernoulli in the 17th century and then will continue with a discussion about the communicated solutions that were encrypted as ciphers, the similarities and differences of these ciphers, and the reasons for encrypting solutions. Christopher Hollings (Oxford) Triangulating ancient Egyptian mathematics When the details of ancient Egyptian mathematics were being reassembled in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, scholars were able to draw upon two British Journal for the History of Mathematics, 2023 Vol. 38, No. 1, 58–66, https://doi.org/10.1080/26375451.2023.2180284 © 2023 British Journal for the History of Mathematics distinct types of information within the surviving sources. In the first instance, the growing understanding of ancient Egyptian languages and scripts made it possible for some basic meaning to be extracted from the texts. Reconstruction of the ancient languages was, however, an on-going process, and so wherever readings were uncertain, it was possible, and necessary, to interpret texts in the light of an understanding of how the mathematical content ought (from a modern point of view) to work. For the most part, these two sources of evidence, the philological and the mathematical, complemented each other. In rare instances, however, they appeared to clash. In this talk, I will examine one such instance, that of Problem 51 of the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, concerning the area of a triangle, in which philological and mathematical evidence seemed to point in different directions. Clare Moriarty (Trinity College, Dublin) Byrne and Berkeley: Geometric Philosophy and Mathematically Eccentric Irishmen Oliver Byrne published his ground-breaking and visually remarkable edition of Euclid's Elements in 1847. The book is extraordinary: its pages are adorned with generous four-colour diagrams, illustrations and grids, and each proposition begins with an engraved decorative initial. Its aesthetic similarity to various stylistic themes of the Bauhaus and De Stijl movements has been noted, but less attention has been paid to the pedagogical and theoretical insights that shaped Byrne's illustrative choices. In this paper, I explain the pedagogical and philosophical insights that motivated Byrne's unique publication and explore a line of influence in philosophical debates of the previous century. A new connection between Byrne and George Berkeley is revealed, with analysis of the philosophical similarities that motivated both thinkers in their mathematical projects. Maria Niklaus and Jörg F. Wagner (Stuttgart) From Bohnenberger's Machine via Aircraft Course Controls to Inertial Navigation The Machine of Bohnenberger is the first gyro with cardanic suspension. It was invented at the University of Tübingen in 1810 by the Astronomer and Geodesist J.G.F. Bohnenberger, a pendant of C.F. Gauß in southern Germany. This apparatus served originally for illustrating the precession of the Earth rotation and was made especially popular by P.-S. Laplace and F. Arago in Paris. In 1816, F. Arago presented the instrument to J. Playfair, who brought it to Great Britain. It was also F. Arago, who introduced the instrument to the young L. Foucault. As an alternative to his big pendulum, Foucault tried to improve the Machine in order to create a sensor for the full earth rotation rate. He also introduced the name Gyroscope for such instruments. Although Foucault was not successful with this experiment, he initiated big efforts in developing gyroscopes for vehicle guidance and navigation. Following the success of H. Anschütz-Kaempfe and E. Sperry, who built the first usable gyro compasses in the early 20th century, gyro instruments became standard navigation aids for aircraft after the First World war. Focusing on the 1930s and 1940s the black boxing of gyroscopes for use in aviation is examined in the main part of the presentation. This process is closely linkedwith the Volume 38 (2023) 59


This article seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the political dimension to middle-class identity in Argentina, by analyzing an image that appeared after 2001: that of a "17th October of the Middle Class". This curious image, and the shifts in its meanings from its first introduction to its most recent manifestations, is interpreted by locating it into two different contexts. On one hand, the socio-economic, political and identity changes that Argentine society experienced during and after the 1990s. On the other hand, the longer context of the trauma that the emergence of Peronism produced in 1945, which still casts effects on Argentina culture. The image of the "17th October of the Middle Class" in thus interpreted as a fantasy of closing the Peronist political horizon, by replicating the event that opened it in 1945, this time with the middle (and not the working) class in the leading role


HUI Dong adopted logical research methods in his Yi study.Although his research doesn't belong to logic strictly,it has a stronger flavor of logicality comparing to traditional methods.His method mainly includes logicalized narration,conceptualized annotation,inductive research,deductive reasoning and grammaticalized analysis.However,HUI didn't fundamentally release himself from the tangle of traditional Chinese empirical thinking modes.


The visible optical power emitted from the expansion plumes from 0.4 and 2 km diameter fragments of Shoemaker-Levy are expected to be, ∼25% and comparable to, the visible solar flux reflected from Jupiter, respectively, for several minutes, and could be easily observed by sensors on the Galileo spacecraft. Earth-based observers can detect these plumes as these expand over the SW limb of Jupiter and come into earth view some minutes after impact!


Principle of test signal synthesis in ATE was presented.Structure and characteristics of ATE test timing were described,and format of VCD file was analyzed.An algorithm for optimizing timing of ATE test vector was proposed,including algorithm of edge trimming and principle of timescale cut-down.After VCD file was optimized,edges were controlled and the number of test waveforms was reduced,which would avoid hardware limits of edges and waveforms in ATE,ensuring success rate of test vector compiler.With reducing test waveforms,the conversion efficiency was improved and the debug time was reduced,thus improving the efficiency of developing IC test program.


Excerpt The more frequent use of needle biopsies in the diagnosis of liver disease has led to the clarification of the pathogenesis in many known clinical conditions. It might be expected that the ...


The aim of this paper is to perform an optimal design of a surface mounted PMSM, dedicated to an embedded application, based on a multiphysic modelling and using a genetic algorithm. Finally, a quantitative criterion, regarding the torque ripple, is introduced to choose the switching frequency of the power electronic supply.


We consider the end-to-end distortion achieved by a half-duplex relay system where a continuous amplitude source is transmitted over a quasi-static Rayleigh fading channel. We investigate layered source coding (LS) where different source layers are sent at different times. The relay only forwards the important layers, leading to higher multiplex-ing gains.-Alternatively, different source layers can be superimposed using a broadcast code (BS). The third strategy we consider is uncoded transmission (UT) followed by amplify-and-forward relaying. In all cases we perform a high S N R analysis and find the optimal distortion exponent which is the exponential decay rate of expected distortion with increasing SNR. We show that layered compression and broadcast coding is optimal i n distortion exponent sense for large bandwidth expansions: 1. INTRODUCTION The wireless communication technology has entered a new era where it evolved from a system offering mainly voice service to one that provides services with rich multimedia content. The increased demand for different services at the application layer has resulted in higher transmission rate and diversity requirements in the physical layer. Considerable improvements in the capacity and error rates have been realized by multiple-antenna techniques. User cooperation diversity is another spatial diversity technique that is especially valuable when the number of antennas on a mobile are limited. In [I], Sendonaris et.al. show that cooperation provides higher rates and increased robustness against channel variations. Since then many different cooperative relaying protocols have been offered with varying complexities and performances. It is later shown in [Z] that even with considerably simple protocols such as amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF), it is possible to achieve higher diversity levels, Most of the previous work on cooperation focuses on optimizing the channel coding performance, i.e., different cooperation protocols and/or more practical codes are designed to achieve higher diversity, thus lower probability of error. However, due to diversity-multiplexing trade-offs present in cooperative systems, it is critical to analyze the performance of these protocols in terms of their effects on the QoS of higher layer applications which require high data rates as well as robustness against channel failures. The natural candidate for such a QoS metric for multimedia communications is the end-to-end distortion. The losses in the multiplexing gain that are traded-off for higher diversity level become important when the total average distortion is considered. Thus, an optimal channel code that'maximizes diversity might result in a poor performance in the overall distortion …


Abstract. To improve the phase-measuring profilometry measurement speed, phase-shifted fringes can be encoded into color channels. However, for colored objects, the intensity of the fringes in each channel is affected by surface texture. Therefore, a measurement method based on color coding and sinusoidal correction is proposed. First, two color images are encoded. The red (R) and blue (B) channels for the first image and the green (G) channel for the second image are used in a three-step phase-shifting process. Meanwhile, the G channel of the first coded image and the R and B channels of the second coded image are corresponding solid colors. Two color-coded images are projected onto the object's surface, and the CCD captures the modulated deformed fringe pattern. After decoupling, the channels of the images are separated, the pure color channels are extracted, and the reflectivity of each point on the object surface in the RGB channels is calculated. Then, the intensity of the phase-shifted fringes in the two images is corrected by the calculated reflectivity. A 24-color standard color card and color lion mask were used to verify the method. Compared with the traditional color coding method, we were able to reduce the influence of color texture and obtain better results.


STGC3, a novel tumor related gene, was cloned recently. The previous studies indicated that STGC3 can inhibit the proliferation of CNE2 cell line in vitro. To examine the effect of STGC3 on the tumorigenicity of CNE2 cell line and explore its mechanism in nude mice. The Tet/pTRE/CNE2-STGC3 cell line was planted under the front leg skin of nude mice and induced by doxycycline (Dox). The mRNA and protein level of STGC3 in transplanted tumor tissues were detected with RT-PCR and Western Blotting. The apoptosis ratio of the tumor cell was analyzed with flow cytometry. STGC3, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry method. The results indicated that high level of STGC3 expression can inhibit tumorigenicity of CNE2 cell line in nude mice. Tumor grew slowly, later and smaller. Cell apoptotic percentage increased. Bcl-2 protein expression was down-regulated and Bax protein expression was up-regulated in Tet/pTRE/CNE2-STGC3 cell line (P 0.01). The data indicated that STGC3 had a role as a tumor suppressor gene in vivo, which was in line with the results in vitro.


As a doctor of Syrian descent, I am incensed by the inferences made in Gardham's articles in The BMJ .1 2

Our colleagues in Syria are working in intolerable …


Physical inactivity and unhealthy diet are considered as major risk factors in the development of the "fatal four" Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) (WHO, 2018). As the University of the Philippines Open University (UPOU) adopts a sedentary work lifestyle with most of the employees spending long hours at the office sitting in front of a computer screen, the university must be able to promote health and wellness in the workplace, particularly healthy eating. Thus, the study aimed to determine UPOU employees' awareness of the Food-based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs), adherence to the 2012 Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos (NGF), and preferred sources of information on healthy eating to provide insights for the development of nutrition interventions in the university. A total of 85 healthy employees aged 19-59 years old accomplished an online adapted survey from February to April 2019 which included questions on awareness of the four FBDGs--2012 NGF; Kumainments (simplified version of NGF); Daily Nutritional Guide Pyramid (DNGP); and Pinggang Pinoy (a plate-like pictorial model), eating practices relative to the 2012 NGF, and preferred sources of information on the FBDGs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results of the study showed that most of the respondents were not aware of the FBDGs. Among those who were aware, only a few have read the FBDGs. Adherence to the guidelines was also low as reflected by a very low percentage of respondents practicing the messages on the recommended frequency of intake of food groups. Results suggest conducting lectures or seminars and producing video materials about nutrition which can be uploaded in UPOU's online repository of multimedia resources and social media sites to promote healthy eating practices among UPOU employees and ensure a healthy and sustainable workforce.


SUMMARY A retrospective analysis of interstitial pneumonia and cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) was carried out on a group of 50 patients undergoing marrow transplantation for hematological malignancy or aplastic anemia. Interstitial pneumonia was a serious complication of transplantation, occurring in the first 4 months following marrow engraftment in 20 patients with a fatal outcome in 14 cases. In nine patients with interstitial pneumonia there was histological, cultural, or serological evidence of infection with CMV. No other pathogen was clearly associated with any of the fatal pneumonias. Review of available data indicated a minimum of 31% of patients achieving a functional transplant showed evidence of an active CMV infection. These data also suggested that patients with poor or absent serological responses to CMV tended to develop disseminated infection with fatal pneumonia while those with marked rises in antibody titers to CMV showed either no clinical symptoms attributable to CMV or developed only transient pneumonia. A prospective study is required to confirm this observation.


As a purpose of developing new micro-actuator driven by the liquid crystal flow, transient behaviors of a nematic liquid crystal between two parallel plates are computed with parameter of twist angle. The Frank and Leslie-Ericksen theory were used. When the twist angle is 0 deg, the induced flow is planar, and when the twist angle is not 0 deg, the flow has a out of plane component. The twist angle has little effect to the time characteristics of the flow. In the experiment, the applied voltage of 5 was used, and the results are in agreement with the calculation results.


This monograph deals with the methodological aspects of the 1996 survey Family Planning and Reproductive Health in Yopougon (Ivory Coast). Information is included on the institutional framework of the survey research objectives and problems and research methodology including data collection and recruitment of survey personnel. The main part of the monograph consists of four appendixes: a reprint of the questionnaires an interview guide list of tables and a bibliography. (ANNOTATION)


University fees There is no tuition fee at Ulm University. The university and the students union (Studierendenwerk Ulm) currently charge administrative fees amounting to 156 € each semester. Students admitted to the " Energy science and Technology " program will be asked to pay these fees for the following winter term immediately after they accepted admission. Living expenses A student at Ulm University will face the following living expenses (2014): • University/students union administrative fee: 156 € each semester • Health insurance: 80 € each month • Rent: approximately 300 € each month • Public transportation (semester ticket): 105 € each semester • General cost of living (depending on the lifestyle): approximately 300 € each month Expenses per year: Approximately 8700 € Expenses for the regular duration of the program (2 years): Approximately 17 400 € Housing Students admitted to the program will have the option of renting a room in a student residence hall. Room prices vary between 200 € to 350 €. Rooms are allocated by Studierendenwerk Ulm exclusively depending on vacancies. The residence halls are located either within walking distance from the university campus or downtown (20 min bus ride to campus). Dormitory rooms are single, furnished rooms. Depending on the dormitory the kitchen (with all cooking facilities) and the bathrooms are shared by 2 to 18 students. There are no dormitories exclusively for men or women. Prospective students interested in renting a room will be asked to make a 500 € deposit payment by August 31. Please note: • It´s not possible to make a reservation for a specific dorm and/or a specific type of room (amount of rent, facilities). • The " Energy science and Technology " office is not involved in the room allocation procedure. Financial Assistance Information on scholarship programs can be found at the German Academic Exchange Services (DAAD). Typically, students will have to apply for a scholarship one year ahead of time. Ulm University does not offer any additional scholarships for incoming students. Proof of Financial Resources Typically, proof of financial resources of at least 670 € per month will be necessary to obtain a student visa. Additionally, many German embassies require students to prove that they dispose of a specific amount of money (approx. 8000 €) on a German bank account before a visa will be issued. Please inquire at the German embassy in your country for specific requirements.


Which should be choose,red strategy which focus on market competition or gray strategy which on utilizing institutional voids? At present manufacturing firms are undergoing strategic lost to above choice.Based on institution context of China,we use strategic tripod theory to illustrate how government involvement affects the firms' strategic lost since entering WTO by 15620 firm-year listed firms' dataset.This study shows that governments' wrong involvement could lead to organizational behavior distortion.In the meanwhile,institutional view is more important than industry organization-based view and resource-based view.This conclusion is contrary to strategic tripod legs theory.These results we draw enrich the understanding of Guanxi strategy,matching of strategic choice and business model and government role in emerging economy.


The practice of discrimination, inspite of being one of the major curses of human history not only exists in society but also show its brutal face time to time. The off late killings of two members of American black community are the most recent examples of this nauseating practice. Though, it is the fact that this practice of marginalization and discrimination is not only limited to a particular society but transcends beyond boundaries of nation states and societies and has taken its grip all the place where human life exist, except very few, in the one form or the others. In this context, this study look at discriminatory practices toward Black Community, Lower cast community mainly Dalits and Mujahirs through comparative practice in subsequently American, Indian and Pakistani societies. Though, inspite of historical, sociological as well as cultural differences in all these three communities who are being decimated upon as well as geo-political difference of these places, practice of discrimination is the common phenomena in all these three societies. Therefore, due to this community it becomes extremely relevant to study all these three societies and their discriminated communities together. At last to tackle this menace a multi prong policy or strategy has been suggested.


Detailed 1D/2D models have become standard practice for urban flood modelling. However, many applications require computationally fast simulation models. Due to their prolonged calculation times, these 1D/2D models are unsuited for such applications. This research compares three modelling approaches with different levels of complexity and simulation times: (1) a highly detailed 1D/2D model, (2) a 1D/1D model with two different flood cone parameterizations, and (3) a newly developed surrogate dual drainage model. The three approaches are tested and compared on a Belgian case study. Results show that the surrogate dual drainage model can emulate the results of highly detailed models with calculation time reductions in the order of magnitude of 105.


In order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional method in eliminating the noise of the traveling wave,a novel algorithm named mathematical morphology is introduced.The algorithm aims to improve the filter performance when such a filter is applied to filter random and pulsed noises contained in traveling wave.Mathematical morphology is more effectively compared with wavelet morphology on pulsed noises.


Method for transforming a signal color space three values, preferably given in a CIE scale, in a signal space n primary color, an integer and n> = 4, using a chromaticity diagram which is expressed in a two dimensional space, where the two dimensions represent a first value and a second value of the color space of three values, including the chromaticity diagram n points P1 through Pn each corresponding to one of the primary, the method comprising: - mapping at least one point P0 on the chromaticity diagram representing the point P0 a color and being within a polygon with corner points P1 through Pn, - mapping n triangular areas on the chromaticity diagram, each triangular area as its corner points point P0 and two adjacent points chosen from points P1 through Pn, - mapping the color space signal of three values on the chromaticity diagram as a point Px, - determine which triangle the point Px is located, the triangle point P0 and two points being formed from P1 to Pn, - using the three colors forming the triangle to create an additive linear combination, the method being characterized in further comprising: - solve additive linear combination representing the contribution of color P0 to the signal space n primary color and representing the contributions of the colors of the other two points the signal space n primary color, - selecting the optimal linear combination for P0 with respect to maximum CRI and maximum luminous efficiency in the stored data, - multiplying all contributions to the optimal linear combination for P0 and the contributions of the colors of the other two points the signal space n primary color by constant to generate a certain brightness representing the third value of the color space factor of three values, - display the combi optimal linear nation thus derived for Px representing the multiplied contributions of the colors of the points P1 to Pn.


The invention discloses a Raman transient effect control method and device. When input optical power is rapidly changed, a pump power proportionality coefficient and target ASE (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) power of a first wavelength are calculated according to target gain; a drive current of a first laser is calculated according to a difference value between the target ASE power and practical ASE power of the first wavelength, and the first laser is controlled to emit laser of the first wavelength according to the drive current; a power value of the laser of the first wavelength is obtained, and a product of the power value of the laser of the first wavelength and the pump power proportionality coefficient is determined as emission power of a second laser; and the drive current of a second laser is calculated according to the emission power of the second laser, and the second laser is controlled to emit the laser of a second wavelength according to the drive current. When the input optical power is changed rapidly, the pump power is adjusted rapidly, thereby suppressing transient overshoot.


Taking Yantai Vocational College as the study case, this paper introduces the world-wide first-class antivirus software Kaspersky, and illustrates the installation, setup, upgrades and anti-virus method of Kaspersky.


Those who are French by acquisition versus French by birth now represent a new challenge to French social stratification. Do social inequalities exist based upon cultural acquisition as opposed to birth? If so, are they increasing or decreasing? For the moment there is no way to answer these questions directly. The author conducted an ethnographic study in Parisian public spaces during the winter and spring of 2005. The central hypothesis is that social divisions can be observed and even measured in public spaces if representative social behaviors are recurring. The author described four patterns of deference in public spaces that people of color who are French by acquisition give to those who are self-identified French by birth. Suggestions were made of how these observations could be confirmed or not by others.


Background: Excessive screen time has been increasing among children and adolescents globally. The study aimed to find out the prevalence and associated factors of excessive screen time among young children.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 5 to 9 years attending schools in Pokhara metropolitan. Face to face interview was conducted with one of the parents of 352 children. The study was carried out from March to October, 2020. Excessive screen time (ST) was defined as >2 hours screen viewing a day. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were applied at 5% level of significance.
Results: Of total, 47.4% of children had ST>2 hours a day. Among socio-demographic factors, being a boy (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.65; 95% CI,1.05-2.57)), living in nuclear family (AOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39-0.99) and age of the children (AOR, 1.28; 95% CI,1.03-1.58) were significantly associated with excessive ST. Having television at home, parental ST, offering screen devices to children had increased likelihood of reporting excessive ST. Odds of reporting of excessive ST was 8.97 times higher among those who had one television at home as compared to those who do not have. Excessive ST was more than three times among those children whose parents offered screen devices to make them eat as well as to have free time for the parents themselves.
Conclusions: Few socio-demographic characteristics, parental ST and parental offering of screen devices were significantly associated with excessive ST. Interventions should target screen device accessibility and ST related behavior of parents.


CIC encodes a transcriptional repressor, capicua (CIC), whose disrupted activity appears to be involved in several cancer types, including type I low‐grade gliomas (LGGs) and stomach adenocarcinomas (STADs). To explore human CIC's transcriptional network in an isogenic background, we developed novel isogenic CIC knockout cell lines as model systems, and used these in transcriptome analyses to study the consequences of CIC loss. We also compared our results with analyses of transcriptome data from TCGA for type I LGGs and STADs. We identified 39 candidate targets of CIC transcriptional regulation, and confirmed seven of these as direct targets. We showed that, although many CIC targets appear to be context‐specific, the effects of CIC loss converge on the dysregulation of similar biological processes in different cancer types. For example, we found that CIC deficiency was associated with disruptions in the expression of genes involved in cell–cell adhesion, and in the development of several cell and tissue types. We also showed that loss of CIC leads to overexpression of downstream members of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascade, indicating that CIC deficiency may present a novel mechanism for activation of this oncogenic pathway. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.


Through analyzing requirements of battlefield simulation for environment information,a conclusion is drawn that the independently designed vectorgraph is a perfect method to meet these requirements.Based on the above analysis,an open operation data structure of vectorgraph is designed.This data structure has plenty of APIs,which make easier for editing,operating,interacting and second development of vectorgraph.It is proved by experiments that the data structure has good maneuverability.


The first microsatellite motif (TATG) n in cultivated edible fungi from Agaricus bisporus was tested in Lentinula edode strains. A 16 mer oligonucleotide (TATG) 4 was synthesized and used as primer in PCR with the DNA of 13 Lentinula edode strains as template.25 DNA fragments were amplified, and the strains were identified according to their polymorphs. Bands of No.10 strain were obtained from 1 5% agarose gel, sequenced, indicating that (TATG) 4 repeats are present in Lentinula edode . The strains were also tested by RAPD technique and 102 DNA fragments were amplified by 7 random primers. The cluster analysis results proved the results by Microsatellite. The variability found within closely related strains indicates that such microsatellites are useful in studying genetic variability in wild and cultivated Lentinula edode .


This article presents a study of typical traits that might drive invertors to commit errors (obstructors) and of the conditions that might help invertors to boost the existential inversion technique (propellers). It aims to expose the table which contains the inter-relationship between obstructor, propeller, appositive and opposite. It proposes 12 variables for the analysis of existential inversion obstructors. The survey consists on empirical association of ideas from the fact observation findings and consideration and analysis of personal example (cases) of invertors and Conscientiology volunteers and ex-volunteers. The approach taken in this work can provide greater benefits to invertors and researchers of Conscientiology during self-research as it takes the subject matter beyond the list of cattle-guards drawn by ASSINVEXIS.


s . .. VIII Chapter One: Introduction... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 1 1.1 Background Information . 1 1.2 Statement of The Research Problem . 4 1.3 Purpose of The Study 5 1.4 Objectives 5 1.5 Research Questions . 6 1.6 Significance of The Study . . 6 1.7 Assumptions of The Study . ...... 6 Chapter Two: Literature Review 7 2.


The first dedicated Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission (SMOS) has been launched by the European Space Agency on November 2, 2009. One novel aspect of this innovative spaceborne sensor is the use of the multi incidence angle observations for soil moisture retrieval [1]. The mission will deliver soil moisture products at least once every 3 day morning and evening at a 50 km spatial resolution over the globe.


BACKGROUND & AIMS
Infrared spectroscopy is an increasingly common method for bacterial strains' testing. For the analysis of bacterial IR spectra, advanced mathematical methods such as artificial neural networks must be used. The combination of these two methods has been used previously to analyze taxonomic affiliation of bacteria. The aim of this study was the classification of Escherichia coli strains in terms of susceptibility/resistance to cephalothin on the basis of their infrared spectra. The infrared spectra of 109 uropathogenic E. coli strains were measured. These data are used for classification of E. coli strains by using designed artificial neural networks.

RESULTS
The most efficient artificial neural networks classify the E. coli sensitive/resistant strains with an error of 5%.

CONCLUSIONS
Bacteria can be classified in terms of their antibiotic susceptibility by using infrared spectroscopy and artificial neural networks.