A cell is endowed with a large number of "recipes" to perform biochemical processes. These recipes are distributed randomly, to a large degree, over the genome. For a somatic cell to make use of them, two problems must be solved: ( 1) translation of instruction into an actual process, and (2) coordination of these processes into an integrated mechanism. Obviously the cell has the capacity to withdraw the right instructions at the right time. While the pathway from instruction to process has been clarified substantially in recent years, the mode of choosing specific combinations of instructions is still unknown. When one considers this problem in detail, it turns out to be even more difficult. There are several thousand genetic loci in a cell, each differing only in DNA base sequence. Any force that causes the cell to draw specific information from a locus must be able to recognize the needed base sequence and to select it out of thousands of others. For such a task to be performed, one would have to assume that the force harbors a specificity of the same dimension as that of the genome. In insect cells, the situation is further complicated by the fact that the same cell can produce larval, pupal, and adult s m c ture in succession. Such a cell, during metamorphosis can draw new information, reshuffle its biochemical machinery, and profoundly change its structure and function. Two basic mechanisms may be considered for the coordination of biochemistry in the cell: 1. The whole sequence of events in development is strictly programmed and proceeds according to a "blueprint" that includes information on what combination of enzymes should be manufactured at any given time. Since such a blueprint would also be a part of the genome along with the recipes for individual enzymes, this mechanism would function essentially by means of an interplay of parts of a genome, probably involving "master" and "slave" loci. 2. The genetic loci function by feedback: A locus is delivering information "upon demand. In biochemical terms, the substrate of a reaction incites the manufacture of the needed enzyme; these reactions produce new substrates, which, in turn, call for new enzymes. During development, one situation begets the next, and direction and order depend on the situation at the starting point and on the availability of additional information along the way. As has been shown recently (Jacob and Monod, '61), bacteria function according to the second type of mechanism. Although in the era of information theory and cybernetics, feedback has more appeal to most of us than programming, we should not close our eyes to the existence of "controlling" versus "executive" factors. In fact, I will show in this paper that there actually exists a control system regulating gene activities. I will also show that, for reasons other than promoting development, a cell may alter the combination of loci from which it receives information. The cell can mobilize genes hitherto dormant to cope with a new physiological situation; I suggest that this mechanism may also be operative in fulfilling the changing demands of a cell during its cycle.


A major regulator of hair and skin colour is the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), which is expressed in melanocytes. MC1R is a 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor that is activated upon binding of a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-MSH) and adrenocortotropic hormone (ACTH), two peptides that are derived from the precursor protein pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). Stimulation of MC1R leads via activation of adenylate cyclase to an elevation of intracellular cAMP, which results in modulation of expression and function of microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) that subsequently regulates the expression of pigmentation genes. In addition to the canonical cAMP signalling pathway involving PKA activation and subsequent phosphorylation of CREB, activation of RAF ⁄ MAPK and modulation of PI3K pathways has been described downstream of MC1R. The importance of MC1R in pigmentation is underscored by three common genetic variants of MC1R (R151C, R160W and D294H) that are associated with the so-called Red Hair Colour (RHC) phenotype, characteristic of individuals with red hair, an inability to tan and diminished capacity of the epidermis to respond to damage by UV light. Consequently, these individuals are at risk to develop melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The importance of dark skin colour in protection against UV-induced DNA damage is well characterized, however, evidence is emerging that MC1R activation results in enhanced DNA repair independent of pigment synthesis. At present, limited knowledge is available on downstream signalling molecules involved in a-MSH mediated induction of nucleotide excision repair (Rouzaud et al., 2005). The research team of George Muscat (Smith et al., 2008) now identified three novel downstream targets of MC1R; the members of the nuclear receptor subfamily NR4A comprising NR4A1 (also known as Nur77 or TR3), NR4A2 (Nurr1) and NR4A3 (NOR-1). In melanocytes each of these transcription factors is transiently induced reaching optimal expression within 1–2 h upon a-MSH stimulation. The enhanced expression of these nuclear receptors is completely mimicked by Forskolin treatment of the cells, implicating crucial involvement of cAMP in this process. In addition, it is demonstrated that specific inhibitors of the PKC and MAPK ⁄ p38 pathways diminish NR4A induction emphasizing again these non-canonical cAMP-mediated pathways to be involved in MC1R downstream signalling in melanocytes. The NR4As form a separate subfamily within the superfamily of nuclear receptors that comprise well-known members such as the steroid receptors, the thyroid and retinoic acid receptors as well as multiple 'orphan' receptors, as no ligands have been identified for a number of these nuclear receptors to date. The three human NR4As are known as orphan receptors that are expressed in multiple cell types including a variety of cancer cells from lung, prostate, breast, colon and melanoma. These transcription factors are induced in response to diverse mitogenic, inflammatory and genotoxic stimuli as immediate early genes, with similar kinetics as observed by Smith et al. in melanocytes. Initially, NR4A1 was identified as a crucial factor in T cell apoptosis, whereas later also apoptosis of several cancer cell lines was shown to be enhanced upon NR4A1 induction. Of interest, in T cells the transcriptional activity of NR4A1 is crucial, whereas in cancer cells translocation of NR4A from the nucleus to the mitochondria with subsequent cytochrome c release has been shown to be an important underlying mechanism inducing programmed cell death. NR4A2 is well-known for its crucial involvement in differentiation and maintenance of dopaminergic nerves, as demonstrated by the phenotype of NR4A2-knockout mice lacking these neurons. The NR4As have been described to be functionally involved in a variety of (patho)physiological processes such Coverage on: Smith et al. (2008) Melanocortin-1 receptor signalling markedly induces the expression of the NR4A nuclear receptor subgroup in melanocytic cells. J. Biol. Chem. Feb 21 [Epub ahead of print].


The purpose of this article is to investigate the reasons behind the information technology (IT) usage of accountants. On this account in the study, based on the Theory of Reasoned Action developed by Ajzen and Fishbein, attitute-subjective norms-intention and behavior relation is investigated. The effect of attitute and subjective norms towards IT usage behavior on the intention towards IT usage behavior, and the effect of intention towards IT usage behavior on IT usage are investigated. For this purpose, the data is obtained from 456 accountants via a questionnaire. As a result of the regression analysis, it may be determined that the intention towards IT usage behavior has a statistically significant impact on IT usage behavior. If the intention towards IT usage is positive, behavior is also positive.Attitude and subjective norms towards IT usage behavior also have a statistically significant impact on the intention towards IT usage behavior. If an individual's attitude and subjective norms towards IT usage is positive, the intention towards IT usage is also positive.


Wireless sensor networks process the large amount of data sense by sensor nodes in low cost. Many factors are responsible in occurring of many types of errors or faults such as harsh environment and limited hardware resources for processing. For solving this problem, first i have discuss the faults or the types of failure in network, describe the approaches of fault management. Various effective algorithms or adaptive fault tolerant mechanisms are designed till now to achieve a good fault management. We will first describe fault management approaches and Limitations of these approaches and finally try to recover the faults by the concept of mobile agents. Keywords-Wireless Sensor Nodes, Mobile Agent, Fault Management approaches.


This thesis is about data mining (DM) and visualization methods for gaining insight into multidimensional data. Novel, exploratory data analysis tools and adaptive user interfaces are developed by tailoring and combining existing DM and visualization methods in order to advance in different applications. The thesis presents new visual data mining (VDM) methods that are also implemented in software toolboxes and applied to industrial and biomedical signals: First, we propose a method that has been applied to investigating industrial process data. The self-organizing map (SOM) is combined with scatterplots using the traditional color linking or interactive brushing. The original contribution is to apply color linked or brushed scatterplots and the SOM to visually survey local dependencies between a pair of attributes in different parts of the SOM. Clusters can be visualized on a SOM with different colors, and we also present how a color coding can be automatically obtained by using a proximity preserving projection of the SOM model vectors. Second, we present a new method for an (interactive) visualization of cluster structures in a SOM. By using a contraction model, the regular grid of a SOM visualization is smoothly changed toward a presentation that shows better the proximities in the data space. Third, we propose a novel VDM method for investigating the reliability of estimates resulting from a stochastic independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm. The method can be extended also to other problems of similar kind. As a benchmarking task, we rank independent components estimated on a biomedical data set recorded from the brain and gain a reasonable result. We also utilize DM and visualization for mobile-awareness and personalization. We explore how to infer information about the usage context from features that are derived from sensory signals. The signals originate from a mobile phone with on-board sensors for ambient physical conditions. In previous studies, the signals are transformed into descriptive (fuzzy or binary) context features. In this thesis, we present how the features can be transformed into higher-level patterns, contexts, by rather simple statistical methods: we propose and test using minimum-variance cost time series segmentation, ICA, and principal component analysis (PCA) for this purpose. Both time-series segmentation and PCA revealed meaningful contexts from the features in a visual data exploration. We also present a novel type of adaptive soft keyboard where the aim is to obtain an ergonomically better, more comfortable keyboard. The method starts from some conventional keypad layout, but it gradually shifts the keys into new positions according to the user's grasp and typing pattern. Related to the applications, we present two algorithms that can be used in a general context: First, we describe a binary mixing model for independent binary sources. The model resembles the ordinary ICA model, but the summation is replaced by the Boolean operator OR and the multiplication by AND. We propose a new, heuristic method for estimating the binary mixing matrix and analyze its performance experimentally. The method works for signals that are sparse enough. We also discuss differences on the results when using different objective functions in the FastICA estimation algorithm. Second, we propose "global iterative replacement" (GIR), a novel, greedy variant of a merge-split segmentation method. Its performance compares favorably to that of the traditional top-down binary split segmentation algorithm.


Transcription factors are often the ultimate mediators of signaling systems. They are responsible for converting short term signals triggered by ligand binding or post‐translational modifications into longer term changes in cell phenotype. Pathologic alterations at this level are responsible for the aberrant phenotype of multiple acute and developmental diseases.


The paper contains calculus rules for coderivatives of compositions, sums and intersections of set-valued mappings. The types of coderivatives considered correspond to Dini-Hadamard and limiting Dini-Hadamard subdifferentials in Gâteaux differentiable spaces, Fréchet and limiting Fréchet subdifferentials in Asplund spaces and approximate subdifferentials in arbitrary Banach spaces. The key element of the unified approach to obtaining various calculus rules for various types of derivatives presented in the paper are simple formulas for subdifferentials of marginal, or performance functions.


The traditional method of studying plate motion still cannot be used to obtain plate motion trajectory quantitatively. In this paper, we proposed a new method to quantitative determine plate motion trajectory. Depending on the paleomagnetic data of lithosphere plate and the stereographic projection principle. We selected the Wulff net as the basic projection net, improved and transformed the traditional stereographic projection methods. Projecting the paleomagnetic data (magnetic declination, palaeolatitude and geomagnetic pole coordinate) of the lithosphere plate into the improved stereographic projection net, we can get the analysis results of lithosphere plate stereographic projection. In our study, we took the Indian plate as an example, projected the paleomagnetic data (from Cretaceous) into the stereographic projection net, got the analysis results of motion trajectory of the Indian plate from Cretaceous. This method can be applied to quantify lithospheric plate motion trajectory.


Authors' Response: We thank Filan et al for their review of our publication, and we would like the opportunity to address the comments mentioned in their letter to the editor. In our article, we aimed to highlight our own physical therapy (PT) program in patients undergoing acetabular labral repair via the puncture capsulotomy surgical technique of the senior author (S.D.M.). Many enhanced recovery after surgery protocols emphasize early mobilization after orthopaedic surgery to prevent range of motion loss, stiffness, and muscle wasting. While more aggressive PT may be required after extended capsulorrhaphy ("T" or "interportal"), the combination of the puncture capsulotomy technique and our 5-phase prehabilitation and rehabilitation program limits the inflammatory burden that contributes to capsular stiffening, reduces the risk of iatrogenic instability, and allows immediate weightbearing with crutches to prevent deconditioning. Additionally, our rehabilitation program does not require derotation braces to protect against instability issues or continuous passive motion to regain motion from scarring/heterotopic bone formation. Although we realize that the senior author's technique to preserve the hip capsule may limit generalizability, we believe that this protocol brings to light considerations that may benefit a patient's recovery by decreasing the likelihood of microinstability and heterotopic ossification at the repair site. Regarding the effectiveness of the prehabilitation phase, a previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted by this senior author demonstrated that 37% (16/44) of patients were shown to manage symptoms with this prehabilitation regimen alone and avoided crossing over to a surgical intervention altogether. This rate aligns with another RCT evaluating PT versus arthroscopic interventions for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), which reported up to 70% of patients crossing over to a surgical intervention after failing nonoperative treatment. While it is expected that many patients may not achieve symptom resolution with nonoperative management alone, it is imperative to identify patients who do improve to spare them the risks associated with an invasive procedure. Furthermore, it is important to clarify that some of the methodological issues raised with our study are reflections of the current system of health care in the United States and requirements imposed by private insurance payers. Each insurance company has coverage policies with specific criteria (eg, symptom duration at least 3-6 months, failure of nonoperative treatment, imaging studies, physical examination findings) that must be met before surgical interventions will be approved and covered. In a multicenter cohort study assessing the criteria for FAI surgery among major insurance providers, documented failure of nonoperative management was one criterion that was found to be uniform across all companies. As such, all patients in the study in question underwent nonoperative treatment with PT and had a minimum symptom duration of at least 3 months before surgery. Additionally, if patients had previously undergone PT before their initial presentation to the senior author, they were still offered a prescription for formal PT up until their scheduled surgery date, which, on average, ranged from an additional 1 to 3 months (depending on the operative volume and scheduling constraints of the practice). We agree with the cited literature that delaying hip arthroscopic surgery may result in poorer long-term outcomes; however, these studies are largely more indicative of the duration of the patients' symptoms before they sought a surgical consultation. A meta-analysis of RCTs investigating PT versus arthroscopic surgery for symptomatic FAI found that equivalent outcomes could be achieved after a 3to 6-month trial of nonoperative treatment when comparing patients who pursued surgery from the onset with those who crossed over from PT to surgery. While an ideal system would allow for an earlier surgical intervention to be offered to patients with labral tears and objective FAI (eg, alpha angle, lateral center-edge angle), surgeons in the United States are tasked with meticulously navigating the criteria outlined by insurance providers to ensure that the financial burden is not passed to patients in the form of a denied claim. We continue to recommend a prehabilitation phase at this time, as it (1) may lead to symptom resolution in a select group of patients, (2) allows for integral strengthening of the hemipelvic and pelvic musculature that can aid the recovery process if the patient progresses to surgery, and (3) serves as evidence of failed nonoperative management required for insurance providers. We acknowledge that our protocol may be interpreted as a more conservative approach; however, as mentioned in the article, our timeline matches other published rehabilitation protocols, allows for immediate weightbearing with an emphasis on maintaining a level pelvis, and is backed by a clinically significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes. Furthermore, no restrictions are placed on the motion or position of the hip in the postoperative period. It must be highlighted that although a quicker return to play may be achieved with accelerated postoperative rehabilitation, our 5-phase program was designed to prioritize labral healing to halt the progression of osteoarthritis and The Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 10(8), 23259671221119820 DOI: 10.1177/23259671221119820 a The Author(s) 2022


Background: The management of postoperative pain is one of the primary focuses in efforts to reduce postoperative morbidity. Analgesia that is managed by the patient is a superior method for pain treatment since it eliminates the risk of both drug overdose and addiction. Objective: To compare the outcome with tramadol infusion versus tramadol boluses in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries. Design: It was a randomized controlled trial. Study Settings: Department of Anesthesiology, Doctor's Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore from from 21-06-2020 to 20-12-2020. Material and Methods: Using a random number table, the patients were divided equally between two groups. At the time of induction of general anaesthesia, patients in both groups received an initial loading dose of 1mg/Kg of tramadol through intravenous injection. While the infusion group had a tramadol infusion at 10mg/hr for 24 hours following surgery, the bolus group received a placebo solution (normal saline 0.9%) and patients only got boluses of 25 mg of tramadol on demand (VAS > 4) for up to 24 hours.. Patients were asked to complete a postoperative pain assessment after 24 hours had passed since surgery. When the VAS score was higher than 4, it was noted that analgesics were used. Results: In Group-A, the mean pain score in the sixth hour was 5.42±0.61 while in Group-B, it was 5.30±1.18. At the 12th hour, Group A was at 5.60 ±0.99 and Group B was at 5.08 ±1.60. At the 18th hour, Group A was at 4.90± 1.37 and Group B was at 5.26± 1.16. At the 24th hour, Group A was at 4.28± 1.68 and Group B was at 5.02 ±1.12. Mean analgesia was 60.00±0.00 in group A and 61.64±14.68 in group B at the sixth hour (P>0.05). At the 12-hour mark, group A's mean analgesia was 117.50±11.88 and group B's was 104.80±21.88 (P 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in analgesic consumption between the treatment groups at the 18th and 24th hours (p-values: 0.120 and 0.929 respectively). Conclusion: In patients having lower abdominal operations, both tramadol administration methods are equally beneficial in reducing pain and analgesic use. Keywords: Tramadol boluses, Tramadol Infusion, General Anaesthesia, Lower Abdominal Surgeries


The vibrational frequencies of α‐helical poly‐L‐alanine and its N‐deuterated analog have been assigned by normal coordinate analyses. The phonon dispersion curves and frequency distribution of α‐poly‐L‐alanine have been calculated by using a model which includes hydrogen bonding. The frequency distribution was used to interpret the inelastic neutron scattering data and to calculate the heat capacity. The low‐frequency chain modes involving accordian‐like motions of the whole helix have been calculated and their dispersion investigated by means of a simplified model.


Successful changes in strategy, organisations, and processes require alteration in the thought and behaviour patterns of employees and management. Despite this realisation, many change projects fail due to a lack of acceptance on the part of the affected stakeholders, which the authors believe can be attributed to insufficient communication and a lack of understanding for the proposed changes by the management. The method presented here was developed in cooperation with a well accepted polytechnic university and eight corporate partners, within the context of a public funded research program. The method object's is to systematise the target group-oriented communication of change, and thus to a ccelerate the change of mindsets. The method is a process-oriented approach, which is intended as an aid to those project leaders and communication managers responsible for change projects to avoid inefficiency in implementation and ensure that the affected parties understand the changes. The method is currently in development and thus represents findings of our research in progress.


Query optimization is one of the most important problems in databases. Query optimization can be talked about in different scenarios with different tools and different results. In this paper we'll talk about query processing and optimization and test strategies in different context, starting from simple queries continuing with correlated queries, joins with or without different indexing strategies.


The presence of la-antigens and their relationship to the inhibitory effect of prostaglandin E on the proliferation of human CFU-GM was studied in normals and patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Consistent reduction of normal colony formation to approximately 50% of baseline levels was observed using a monoclonal anti-human Ia antibody in a complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay titrated over serial dilutions. Elimination of the la-antigen-bearing CFU-GM population was associated with virtually a complete loss of responsiveness to the inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E. of cells in short-term suspension culture at 37'C prior to agar culture resulted in the loss of detectable la-antigen on the CFU- GM and. similarly. loss of response to prostaglandin. In


Aim. In the present work, victimity is considered as a psychological deviation manifestingin specific behavioral responses that characterize the type of potential victim. The emphasis ismade on the necessity of taking into account a realized victimity of a person, the formation of itsadequate forms and its correction at the stage of professional training. The article is aimed at establishingthe style characteristics of behavior self-regulation in students with various victimity.Materials and methods. Based on the analysis of the results obtained according to the "Realizedvictimity" scale (the "Tendency to victim behavior" questionnaire) all subjects were divided intotwo groups: an average (n = 36) and below-average (n = 53) victimity. The data on victimity, behaviorself-regulation and emotional intelligence in students of the pedagogical university wereobtained using the corresponding questionnaires: "Tendency to victim behavior", "Style of behaviorself-regulation", "Emotional intelligence". Results. In the structure of students' victimity,high values are observed on scales that assess the tendency to addictive and helpless behavior, toaggressive victim behavior, to self-damaging and self-destructive behavior, and to non-criticalbehavior. When comparing groups of students with various victimity, the following features wereregistered expressed in the differences in the style characteristics of behavior self-regulation (inthe implementation of modeling, assessment and flexible interaction); in the absence of differencesin the parameters of emotional intelligence. Conclusion. Features of behavior selfregulationin students are determined by their victimity. Subjects with low victimity are twice aslikely to show high behavior self-regulation compared to respondents with average victimity. Theidentified risk group of students who are prone to addictive and helpless behavior requires specialmeasures to accompany their social adaptation at the university. When it comes to the formationof professional competencies of the future teacher, it is advisable to include in the program ofelective courses the analysis of the results of studies of victimity in students, pedagogical workers,as well as ways to correct victim identity deformation.


This paper introduces the method of using Pro/E to construct computer various parts and using VRML language to design three-dimensional dynamic scene in order to reappearance computer installing process veritably.The virtual computer assembly laboratory based on the VRML has the entire angle viewability,the Internet network interaction and so on.It will become development tendency of library construction.


Source camera identification methods aim at identifying the camera used to capture an image. In this paper we developed a method for digital camera model identification by extracting three sets of features in a machine learning scheme. These features are the co-occurrences matrix, some features related to CFA interpolation arrangement, and conditional probability statistics. These features give high order statistics which supplement and enhance the identification rate. The method is implemented with 14 camera models from Dresden database with multi class SVM classifier. A comparison is performed between our method and a camera fingerprint correlation-based method which only depends on PRNU extraction. The experiments prove the strength of our proposition since it achieves higher accuracy than the correlation-based method.


A 24 years old man who was a dual user of tobacco smoke and e-cigarette presented with one month history of right sided pleuritic chest pain, associated with cough and shortness of breath a week prior to the admission. He was diagnosed with a right primary spontaneous pneumothorax. A right pleural catheter was inserted after a failed simple
needle aspiration. He recovered uneventfully. Advice on quitting smoking and vaping was given prior to discharge. This case highlights the importance of obtaining a thorough history including vaping from every patient who experiences pneumothorax.


The lay and medical press frequently extol electronic health record systems for their potential to improve coordination of care and access to patient information from disparate locations at the click of a mouse, to allow patients and caregivers to discuss and plan care based on that information, and to enhance the monitoring of quality of care.


Transferability of test results for a given analyte has long been a goal of the laboratory community. Achievement of transferability will require development of standardized methods that have the least possible measurement uncertainty and are traceable to reference standards. Once accomplished, transferability will allow comparison of laboratory results regardless of the individual performing laboratory and will provide long-term stability of results, enabling longitudinal results to be followed for individual patients. Transferability remains an elusive goal, however. Analytical hindrances include the lack of established reference measurement systems for many quantities, lack of traceability of field methods to the reference system, and lot-to-lot variability in reagents and calibrators.

When no population-specific differences exist, the use of common reference intervals for transferable tests can be envisioned. Enthusiasm for the use of common reference intervals has grown since publication of the findings …


We investigated the distribution of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) pathotypes in south-western region of Saudi Arabia. A total of 76 Xanthomonas like strains were isolated from different citrus species showing bacterial canker symptoms from citrus commercial farms, backyard orchards and nurseries. These strains were subjected to biochemical, molecular and pathogenicity tests on leaves of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi). Based on symptoms induced on leaves of grapefruit, these strains were divided into two groups. There were 21 strains that induced typical erumpent canker lesions with water-soaked margin, belonging to Xcc type A. On the other hand, strains that produced flat necrotic lesions with water-soaked margin on grapefruit leaves belonged to Xcc A* type (55 strains). The physiological and biochemical tests, ImmuneStrip ® assays and 16S rDNA analysis confirmed the identity of the two Xcc pathotypes: A and A*. Our results indicate that, the two pathogenic variants co-exist in south-western region of Saudi Arabia and this could further favour the generation of new genetic variants through recombination and horizontal genetic exchange. The generation of new aggressive pathotypes may threaten the citrus plantation in Saudi Arabia.

 Key words: Disease diagnosis, pathogenicity, citrus bacterial canker.


Abstract In this study, a novel interphase mass transfer model has been developed to predict mass and energy exchange in the vicinity of the phase interface. The proposed model involves the new time relaxation parameter which takes into account the effect of the subcooling, the wall superheat, and Reynolds number, and is obtained from simulation results by the method of trial and error. Transient simulations of subcooled flow boiling in Hua's experimental horizontal rectangular channel are performed. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is used to track the vapor–liquid interface using OpenFOAM software package. The constant coefficients of new time relaxation parameter are determined using fitted method. The predicted results show that the deviation between the predicted and experimental wall superheats using the proposed model, which is within 20%, is smaller than that of Lee model. As a further step, the novel interphase mass transfer model has been validated in other experimental data under similar condition. These results indicate that the novel interphase mass transfer model is quite accurate and robust.


Abstract This paper distinguishes between two types of investment in employment relations: Investment in technical skills and investment in the reliability of information exchanged within the firm. The first type of investment affects productivity in ways that are well known. The second type of investment reduces miscommunication, disputes, and inefficient decisions; as a result it promotes cooperative industrial relations and therefore increases productivity. The two types of investment reinforce each other; an increased investment in technical skills stimulates the investment in information reliability and vice versa. The cost of investing in technical skills is a function of the availability of formal education, preparing students for training by imparting positive attitudes toward learning and by teaching mathematics, sciences, and the native language. The cost of investing in information reliability reflects the influences of culture and tradition, as well as workers′ ability and willingness to function cooperatively as a group. I hypothesize that in Japan the investment costs have been lower, and the marginal cost curves more elastic, than those in the United States. As a result, and in response to economic growth during the past three decades, typical Japanese workers have increased their investment in employment relations and have enjoyed more flexibility in working conditions than typical U.S. workers. The model predicts that economic growth and technological progress may stimulate both types of investment. This prediction is noteworthy since Japan′s investments in employment relations became pronounced in the 1960s when its economy experienced rapid technological changes and an accelerated economic growth. J. Japan. Int. Econ., Mar 1995, 9 (1), pp. 75-95. Ohio State University, 410 Arps Hall, 1945 North High Street, Columbus, Ohio 43210


Objective
To explore the role of pregabalin on the expression of c-fos in spinal dorsal horn of the rat with neuropathic pain.

Methods
Thirty Wister rats (male) were divided into sham-operated group, model group and pregabalin group, with 10 cases in each group. The effect of the pregabalin on the heat pain threshold and expression of c-fos in spinal dorsal horn of the rat with neuropathic pain were observed.

Results
The heat pain threshold in model group at 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 10th and 14th day after operation was significantly lower than that in sham-operated group and pregabalin group at same time (P 0.05). At the 14th day after operation, the number of Fos-like-immunoreactivity (FLI) positive cells in sham-operated group, model group and pregabalin group was (16.4 ± 0.6), (66.7 ± 3.3) and (22.8 ± 1.5)cases, and the number of FLI positive cells in model group was significantly higher than that in sham-operated group and pregabalin group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Pregabalin has analgesic activity on rat with neuropathic pain. Pregabalin activates spinal cord glial cells raisedby the injured peripheral nerve and infection, and also reduces the noxious stimulation of afferent pain to spinal dorsal horn neurons.

Key words:
Neuralgia; Proto-oncogene proteins c-fos; Pregabalin


The optimum conditions for immobilization of the mix microorganisms of bacteria and alga applied to removing ammonia from wastewater by mixed carrier of which PVA was the main material were determined according to the orthogonal test design. The biologic activity, including that of removing ammonia, of the immobilized mix system of bacteria and alga which were entrapped under the optimum conditions was much higher than that of the dissociated system when they were used to purify wastewater with ammonia.


One of the great achievements of the European Union is the creation of the single market, but for it to work efficiently, it is imperative that the gaps between the participating states be minimal. Thus, to address this issue the EU has created a Regional Development Policy through which it allocates Structural and Cohesion Funds to finance projects in countries with lower economic development. Lately there is an increasingly fierce debate on the efficiency of structural funds for EU members in Central and Eastern Europe. This debate is fueled by various studies that show that although many of the projects financed from Structural Funds achieve their objectives, the effects are not visible in the aggregate indicators.
Within this article we intend to analyze the impact that the Structural Funds have on the profitability of the beneficiary companies. For this we analyzed a group of companies that benefited from non-reimbursable financial aid during the multiannual financial period 2007-2013 and a group of companies that did not benefit from this facility. Following the analysis of the financial accounting data reported by the companies in the two groups, statistically significant differences were identified.


Aging is characterized by a decline in renal function and susceptibility to age-related renal insufficiency (1). Aging features a progressive accumulation of oxidative agents associated with decreased efficiency of antioxidant defense mechanisms (2, 3). The oxidative stress in renal tissue occurs due to the alterations in redox homeostasis with the effect of the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (4–6). Antioxidant enzyme levels decrease with age, leading to inadequate ROS elimination (3). The increased oxidative modification of the electron transport chain complex may lead to ageassociated oxidative renal injury (7). Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed by non-enzymatic irreversible protein glycosylation/glycoxidation (8). The accumulation of glycated proteins in the tissues is harmful in several diseases states (9, 10). Aging is associated with a more common appearance of AGEs in various tissues (11, 12). In humans and animals, the rate of AGE accumulation correlates inversely with species longevity (13). However, it is not clear whether AGE accumulation is due to aging or agerelated renal injury. d-Galactose is a reducing sugar that can be metabolized at normal concentrations. However, at high levels, it can be converted into aldose and hydroperoxide under the catalysis of galactose oxidase, resulting in the generation of a superoxide anion and oxygen-derived free radicals (14). d-Galactose also reacts readily with the free amines of amino acids in proteins and peptides, both in vivo and in vitro, to form AGEs. Evidence shows that AGEs could cause ROS accumulation (15). When rats are injected with d-galactose for 6 wk, free radical production is increased in renal and other tissues (16). d-Galactose has been used to induce oxidative stress in vivo to mimic the natural aging process in rats and mice (17–20). In addition, a high-fat diet (HFD) was found to be a significant risk factor for kidney disease (21–23). HFD-induced obesity may expedite the aging process (24). Animals fed a long-term HFD show increased oxidative stress and dysfunctional mitochondria in many organs (25, 26). Both HFDand d-galactose-induced aging lead to oxidative stress in the inner ear of rats (27). A High-Fat Diet Increases Oxidative Renal Injury and Protein Glycation in d-Galactose-Induced Aging Rats and Its Prevention by Korea Red Ginseng


The aim of this chapter is to present the Galenic theory of vision to provide a better understanding of the models according to which Galen represented the phenomenon of vision. Without neglecting the difficulties associated with the coexistence of both the geometric and pneumatic theories of vision, this chapter focuses on the study of physiology and the predominant role of pneuma. First, the author briefly outlines the explanations of the phenomenon of vision given by both predecessors and contemporaries of Galen. He then explores Galen's attachment to visual pneuma and investigates to what extent this can be explained by his debt to Stoic theories. Aristotle is notably absent from the doxography of Pseudo-Plutarch's Placita philosophorum, whose theories, especially those discussed in his On the Soul, remain curiously ignored.Keywords:Aristotle; doxography; Galenic theory of vision; physiology of sight; pneuma; vision disorders


Although the diversity of life in the terrestrial environment is exceptional, the greatest biodiversity is in the marine environment. Among the marine organisms, the sponges (Porifera) are the most prolific sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. The Philippines, with its long coastal lines, has drawn on its marine capital only to a small extent. Only a few marine organisms (ascidians, sponges, other marine invertebrates and their associated microorganisms) collected from various parts of the Philippines have been documented and investigated in terms of their potential as source of bioactive secondary metabolites, particularly anticancer compounds.  Thirty-seven sponges from the coasts off Mindanao, Philippines were collected, identifies and extracted to give a total of seventy-four polar and nonpolar extracts. The corresponding sponge extracts were screened for the sponge extracts were investigated for cytotoxicity towards colon cell lines (HCT116) using the the tetrazolium dye  (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) [MTTmethod. The results indicated fifteen (15) sponge extracts to be active at 100- microgram/mL  concentration among which seven (7) were still active at 10 microgram/mL while two (2) still exhibited activity at 1 microgram/mL. Further investigation of the active sponge extracts is currently in progress


Research on sexual resistance has contributed significantly to our understanding of the strategies used by resisters, but has been relatively devoid of theoretical applications that shed light on mechanisms underlying the choice of strategy. Moreover, existing research in this area has mostly ignored the interactive and processual nature of sexual encounters. This investigation applied the general frameworks of Politeness Theory and Planning Theory to explain the selection of sexual resistance strategies following both initial and persisting requests. In addition, we investigated the contingent effects of request directness on characteristics of the resistance message and tested the influence of resister sex on strategy choice. The results extend knowledge in this area of inquiry by showing the impact of apparently shifting goals hierarchies for changes in strategy choice within the interaction. The implications of our findings for theoretical and applied claims about sexual resistance contexts are discussed, and suggestions for future research are advanced.


Details are given of four pregnancies established by fertilization in vitro and planting cleaving embryos into the mother. The pregnancies were monitored by hormone assays in early pregnancy and by ultrasound scans. Amniocentesis was used to assess the levels of alpha‐fetoprotein and the karyotype of the fetuses at 15 weeks. Placental function tests and X‐rays were used to monitor late pregnancy in one patient. Three of the pregnancies began uneventfully and the fetuses were normal in all respects. Two were delivered at or near term, the third being aborted spontaneously at 21 weeks while the parents were on holiday. The fourth pregnancy did not develop normally and a triploid fetus was aborted 12 weeks after the last menstrual period. The clinical difficulties inherent in selecting patients and preparing them for treatment are described. Some possible improvements in techniques are also described.


Abstract To celebrate the 50th Anniversary of International Studies of Management & Organization (ISMO), the Founding Editor, Jean J. Boddewyn, the past Editor-in-Chief, Moshe Banai, and the current Editor-in-Chief, Abraham Stefanidis, compile this issue that describes the journal's half-a-century journey. In this article, we present ISMO's evolution from a platform that included translations of non-US-published articles in the 1970s to an internationally renowned journal that represents a truly universal scholarship of management and organization research. Drawing on contributions from six prominent scholars, we further reflect on the themes of culture, expatriation, employment, and leadership that have shaped international business scholarship during the past fifty years and are expected to herald future streams of research in the years to come.


Using the Chandra/High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (hereafter HETGS) we have detected Doppler motion of Capella's X-ray emission lines in the 6 – 25Å wave-band. The observed motion follows the expected orbital motion of Capella's primary. This finding implies that the primary G8 III star, not the secondary G1 III star in the Hertzsprung gap, has been the dominant source of hot 10 6.8 – 10 7 K plasma at least in the last six years. In addition, the results demonstrate the long-term stability of the HETGS and demonstrate small uncertainties of 25 and 33 km s −1 in the velocity determination with the HEG and MEG, respectively.


Abstract The resulting supported catalytic materials were probed for a series of Pty/TixCe(1-x)O2 (y = 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 1, 5; x = 0.98, 0.9, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3, 0.02) supports primed by the sol-gel method. By using modern Analysis techniques such as Raman, XRD, SEM, H2-TPR, XPS N2-isotherm. Catalysts are organized by impregnation are categorized in detail and also tested in the bed reactor of ammonia oxidation. The NO selectivity attained over Pty/TixCe(1-x)O2 in the middle of 873 and 1073 K was about 97.7% and surpassed that of Pt gauzes, because of adsorbed and lattice oxygen species contribute to ammonia oxidation. The catalytic performance of Pty/TixCe(1-x)O2 did not increase with the content of platinum. Depending entirely on the investigational results, a reasonable reaction mechanism where thermodynamics and kinetic are tortuous.


MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in controlling mRNA stability and translation. Several miRNAs have been implicated in development and function of the immune system and their aberrant expression has been linked to pathogenesis of human diseases. Recently, zebrafish infection models have been developed to study the vertebrate immune system. Signaling pathways of the immune response were found to be conserved between human and zebrafish, but the interaction between miRNAs and the zebrafish immune system has not yet been addressed. Here, we used a custom-designed microarray platform to evaluate miRNA expression in zebrafish infection models. By infection studies with two pathogens, Mycobacterium marinum and Salmonella typhimurium , mod-eling human tuberculosis and salmonellosis, respectively, we identified a set of common infection-responsive miRNAs, including members of the miR-21, miR-146 and miR-181 families, previously linked to immunity and cancer in human and mammalian models. The context of innate immunity was sufficient for the infection response of these miRNAs, as their differential expression occurred not only in adult fish but also in embryos prior to development of adaptive immunity. We also determined that predicted target genes of the strongly infection-inducible miR-146 family are conserved between human and zebrafish. These include key signaling intermediates of the TLR pathway that is pivotal for pathogen recognition and activation of the innate immune response, suggesting a miR-146-mediated feed back mechanism to properly control the inflammatory response. Together, our results uncovered overlap in human and zebrafish immune-related miRNAs as well as miRNA target genes, indicating the usefulness of zebrafish infection models to increase our knowledge of miRNA functions in the vertebrate immune system.


Current fluctuations can give useful information about the underlying mechanism of the mesoscopic transport. There are two approaches to the study of these fluctuations. Full counting statistics (FCS) analyses the number of transferred particles in the given time interval. In an alternative approach, distribution of time delays between subsequent physical events, known as waiting time distribution (WTD), is studied [1]. In quantum dots both FCS and WTD can be studied using charge detection techniques [2]. Dasenbrock et al. [3] have shown the correlation of subsequent waiting times in the coherent transport through a quantum point contact described within the scattering matrix formalism. Here the study is extended to the case of quantum dots. I show the presence of the waiting time correlation in the sequential tunneling transport through the capacitively interacting quantum dots, where the transport in one quantum dot is modulated by the charge state of the other. All calculations are made within the Markovian master equation formalism.


To describe our experience of excising the inferior vena cava (IVC) without a graft; en bloc resection of a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with the renal vein and vena cava tumour thrombus and a segment of the entire abdominal IVC is technically feasible, but traditionally, after resection, attempts are made to restore continuity with the use of synthetic or homologous venous grafts.


Rivalries in 'mob' or 'folk' football were some of the first and most intense in the game, illustrating that such feelings pre-dated the game's modern form. The parishes of St. Peter's and All Saints in Derby and the areas represented by the Up'Ards and Down'Ards in Ashbourne defined early football's highly competitive nature in both the city itself and in the county of Derbyshire. However, whilst the 'conflict' in the city has not survived, its Ashbourne counterpart has remained and thrived. Furthermore, the intensity of the rivalry in the city of Derby has provided a ready depiction of local hostility in sporting contexts. But, what were the real reasons for the Derby spectacle's demise and Ashbourne's sustained popularity? This essay is underpinned by the figurational sociology developed by Norbert Elias, noting in particular how the nineteenth century Western European 'civilizing process' played a crucial part in events, at the same time minimizing the effect of industrial practices.


The reaction of a mixture of [Rh2(acam)4(H2O)2] (Hacam = acetamide) and its radical cation salt with sodium chloride in an aqueous solution gave a mixed-valent 2-D honeycomb crystal of [{Rh2(acam)4}3(μ3-Cl)2]n·4nH2O. The oxidation states of the dirhodium units are pinned at each of the crystal sites by hydrogen bonding with solvate-water molecules.


With the development of information technology, the term "online education" has become a household word, but the understanding of online education is not very clear. As a mode of education, online education has been widely concerned by educators and society. There have always been two main schools. One is advocating online education, believing that online education can complete educational teaching activities and achieve educational goals. The other holds that the network is only a technical means and transmission tool, which lacks the support of educational theories and cannot achieve an educational goal, while a correct understanding of it is the premise for the successful development of online education. It is of far-reaching significance for the development of online education to find out the misconceptions of online education and summarize the influencing factors of online education. Keywords—online education; network teaching platform; online course; online learning


As the requirements characterizing simulation studies of realistic configurations constantly become more demanding, it is not uncommon that several contemporary electromagnetic problems need to be investigated within a stochastic, rather than a fully deterministic, framework. In this paper, we revise the basic aspects of Polynomial Chaos (PC) methodologies, which currently play a prominent role in the research field of uncertainty quantification. PC techniques enable the representation of the quantities-of-interest (Qol) via polynomial expansions, which facilitate the computation of all the pertinent necessary information, including statistical moments, distributions, and sensitivity indices. As the construction of approximate models with optimal efficiency is always desirable (so that a given level of accuracy is ensured with minimum computational effort), we also pay attention to the development of anisotropic PC


The utility model relates to the technical field of check valves, in particular to a slow-closure type hydraulic check valve. The slow-closure type hydraulic check valve has better high-temperature sealing performance and effectively protects pipeline components, so that the service life of the whole slow-closure type hydraulic check valve is guaranteed, the reliability is high and an oil cylinder is less influenced by the medium temperature. The slow-closure type hydraulic check valve comprises a valve body, a valve rod, an oil cylinder, a heavy hammer and a valve cover, wherein the heavy hammer and the valve rod are arranged together through a heavy hammer moment arm rod. The slow-closure type hydraulic check valve also comprises an oil cylinder base, wherein the oil cylinder base is arranged on the side wall of the valve body; the oil cylinder is arranged on the oil cylinder base; and the output end of the oil cylinder and the heavy hammer moment arm rod are arranged together.


To the Editor:— In the remarks of Dr. Harry S. Gradle before the Annual Congress on Industrial Health (The Journal, March 16, p. 989) on the present status of estimating disability from visual loss, one is again reminded that the Snellen formula was never intended to be a fraction or ratio but is merely an expression of what appears to be a fraction. In Webster's unabridged dictionary a fraction is defined as one or more aliquot parts of a unit or whole number, or an expression for a definite proportion of a unit or magnitude, and a ratio as the relation which one quantity or magnitude has to another of the same kind. In this connection, then, it is frequently contended that the Snellen formula could not be an aliquot part of unity, as represented by the norm 20/20, and therefore is not a true fraction. That this position is


As the number of Mobile Web Services (MWS) with different specifications has increased, the task of discovering the relevant ones becomes more challenging in a mobile environment. The challenges include mobile devices constraints and web service descriptions itself. The issues can be considered from the aspect of mobile device's performance, diversity of available MWS specifications and lack of enriched MWS descriptions. In order to address these issues, this paper presents an enhancement of semantic-based MWS discovery framework for discovering the most relevant MWS that takes into consideration of Non-Functional Properties (NFPs) in web service descriptions. In our work, the matchmaking algorithm with enhanced similarity measure is presented. Semantic MWS profiles are annotated semantically as a WSMO-Lite profile with a REST-based architecture. The experimental validation and statistical analysis demonstrates that the proposed framework can effectively discover relevant MWS according to the various user requirements. It can be concluded that using the proposed framework, there is a significant improvement in the effectiveness of semantic-based discovery for MWS in mobile computing environments.


Students' evaluation of their teachers is adopted by many universities at present,with the purpose of ensuring teaching quality.The intention was undoubtedly good,but drawbacks were found to be produced in operation.Based on case study of several universities and interviews,this study analysis the inherent limitations of these evaluations and provides countermeasures based on the investigations.


Background: Particulate matter (PM) is an air pollutant that can damage human skin. Antioxidants have been tested to improve skin inflammation induced by PM.

Objective: We investigated the effects of punicalagin on PM-induced inflammation on cultured human sebocytes, outer root sheath (ORS) cells, and Cutibacterium (C.) acnes-pretreated mice.

Methods: Sebocytes and ORS cells were cultured and treated with 5-μM punicalagin and 100-μg/mL PM10 for 24 h. On C. acnes-pretreated mice, 5-μM punicalagin and 100-μg/mL PM10 were applied. Cell viability was measured for MTT assay. Real-time PCR and measurement of reactive oxygen species as well as sebum production were conducted to analyze its effects.

Results: Upregulation of the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and NF-kB by PM10 in cultured sebocytes and ORS cells and the increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by PM10 in cultured sebocytes were inhibited by punicalagin. Moreover, punicalagin decreased inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase, and sebum production in C. acnes-pretreated mice.

Conclusions: Punicalagin effectively reduces the expression of inflammatory biomarkers and the production of sebum in cultured sebocytes, ORS cells, and C. acnes-pretreated mice.


The Russian ethnographer V. A. Moshkov was a general in rank and a member of the Russian Geographical Society and seriously studied the traditions and life of the peoples inhabiting the Russian Empire. At the end of the 19th century, he began to research the Gagauz people. The research "The Gagauz of Bendery Uyezd", published in the journal "Ethnographic Review" at the beginning of the 20th century was published as a result of V. A. Moshkov's travels. Thanks to V. A. Moshkov, the general public learned about the small Orthodox people living on the area of a small region in the south of Bessarabia – the Gagauz. This article examines the multifaceted activities of the researcher aimed at highlighting various aspects of traditional culture – material culture, as well as customs, rituals, beliefs and folklore. It is noted that V. A. Moshkov tried to study the problem of human origin. It is curious that he was prompted to consider this issue because of his acquaintance with the material and spiritual culture of the Gagauz people, in which the scientist found parallels with other peoples not related to the Gagauz people by a common origin. The authors emphasize the role of the Gagauz scholars who have devoted their attention to studying the scientific heritage of V. A. Moshkov in the preservation and development of the identity of the Gagauz ethnos.


To quickly and accurately retrieve the required music songs from the mass music database, this paper introduces the framework of content-based audio retrieval system and its related characteristics and difficulties. Then it describes the process of human voice humming feature processing on the voice platform within the framework of the system. On the simulation music platform, the retrieval algorithm based on the combination of notes and fundamental frequency is studied and analyzed for songs with background music, combined with the relevant characteristics of audio signals. The accuracy of humming retrieval can be improved by using more accurate iterative alignment algorithm of stress shift. The experiments show that the average retrieval time of humming retrieval system is significantly reduced by using the retrieval strategy.


A large-area, high power density, high efficiency, and low cost excimer VUV and UV source, which is capable of producing narrow-band radiation tunable between the near UV (λ=354 nm) and the deep UV (λ=126 nm), is described. This UV source is based on the principle that the radiative decomposition of excimer states created by a dielectric barrier discharge ( silent discharge) in a rare gas, such as Ar 2 * (λ=126 nm), Kr 2 * (λ=146 nm), Xe 2 * (λ=172 nm) or molecular rare gas-halide complexes, such as ArCl * (λ=175 nm), KrCl * (λ=222 nm), XeCl * (λ=308 nm). Conversion efficiencies (from input electrical to output optical energy) as high as 22% can be achieved under optimum conditions. This powerful and economical lamp provides a useful UV source for low temperature photon-initiated processes and is an interesting alternative to conventional UV lamps for industrial large-scale low temperature processes. For industrial large-area processing and for the deposition of highly complex structures, these narrow band VUV and UV sources with high photon fluxes have definite advantages. Several applications of these excimer sources are reviewed, including photo-deposition of dielectric and metallic thin films, photo-oxidation of silicon, surface modification, etching of polymer, and photo degradation of pollutants.


Purpose
Providing higher education institutions (HEIs) with a tool for self-assessing their social responsibility (SR) that generates the information and knowledge necessary to a strategic approach to adopting the Green Paper recommendations about the SR of HEIs. Setting out the collaborative policy development process to construct the tool "Indicators of SR of HEIs" (ISRHEI).[AQ1]

Design/methodology/approach
After a literature review, including self-assessment (SA) tools and leading guidelines, a working group of 24 Portuguese HEIs was created to co-construct the ISRHEI tool, which was then subject to validation in a pilot study.

Findings
There are 34 indicators in the ISRHEI tool, structured by sequential levels according to the HEI alignment with SR (policies, procedures, practices and monitoring along a strategic continuum) hoping to achieve impacts on the organisational, educational, cognitive and social level.

Originality/value
This is an innovative and national policy development process for SR in Portugal. It gives insights into guiding documents, SA indicators for SR and the process of developing consensus on this topic amongst 24 HEIs in Portugal. The ISRHEI tool is tailored to the specific characteristics and level of development of HEIs.


Protein‐protein interactions are either through direct contacts between two binding partners or mediated by structural waters. Both direct contacts and water‐mediated interactions are crucial to the formation of a protein‐protein complex. During the recent CAPRI rounds, a novel parallel searching strategy for predicting water‐mediated interactions is introduced into our protein‐protein docking method, MDockPP. Briefly, a FFT‐based docking algorithm is employed in generating putative binding modes, and an iteratively derived statistical potential‐based scoring function, ITScorePP, in conjunction with biological information is used to assess and rank the binding modes. Up to 10 binding modes are selected as the initial protein‐protein complex structures for MD simulations in explicit solvent. Water molecules near the interface are clustered based on the snapshots extracted from independent equilibrated trajectories. Then, protein‐ligand docking is employed for a parallel search for water molecules near the protein‐protein interface. The water molecules generated by ligand docking and the clustered water molecules generated by MD simulations are merged, referred to as the predicted structural water molecules. Here, we report the performance of this protocol for CAPRI rounds 28–29 and 31–35 containing 20 valid docking targets and 11 scoring targets. In the docking experiments, we predicted correct binding modes for nine targets, including one high‐accuracy, two medium‐accuracy, and six acceptable predictions. Regarding the two targets for the prediction of water‐mediated interactions, we achieved models ranked as "excellent" in accordance with the CAPRI evaluation criteria; one of these two targets is considered as a difficult target for structural water prediction. Proteins 2017; 85:424–434. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The invention relates to smart agreement analytical methods and devices used for intruding detection defense (IDS / IPS) and audit products. The purpose of the invention is to provide an agreement not to rely solely on the static ports and matching agreement characteristics of intelligent field protocol analysis technology and analytical format of the agreement is automatically adjusted in different versions of the software and gives accurate results, which enhanced the accuracy of the analysis of the agreement. The invention consists of three major steps: the establishment of agreements features model; agreement recognition; intelligent analysis of that agreement. This invention solved the traditional IDS / IPS products for the non-standard ports or did not have static characteristics of field data packet network protocol identification of problems but for some applications or different versions of the agreement, such as the reasons for the analytical results can provide automated error rectification work.


The Lienard-Wichert potentials show that radiation is caused by charge acceleration. The question arises about where charge acceleration occurs on the most basic of antennas, a center-fed, perfectly conducting dipole, for which there are two obvious causes. One is the feedpoint exciting voltage that sets into motion an outward-propagating charge and current wave at light speed c in the medium. A second is at the dipole ends where the outgoing wave is totally reflected producing a change in charge speed of 2c. In addition there is the decreasing amplitude of the propagating wave with distance due to its partial reflection along the wire. That reflected charge also undergoes a speed change of 2c. This is the reason why the decay of current flowing along a straight wire antenna has been attributed as being due to radiation. Radiation caused by these and other kinds of charge acceleration due to resistive loads, right-angle bends, and radius steps are investigated. These phenomena are examined primarily in the time-domain where they are more observably separable in time and space than in the frequency domain. The current and charge induced on an impulsively excited wire antenna and its broadside radiated E-field are computed using a time-domain, integral-equation model. The computed results are used to derive a numerical relationship between the amount of accelerated charge and its radiated field. This relationship is denoted as an Acceleration Factor (AF ) that is obtained for various charge-accelerating features of a generic wire object are normalized to that of the exciting source for comparison with their respect speed changes.


Under ordinary circumstances it would be both easy and proper to point out many duties that confront the specialist in general and the dermatologist in particular; but in these times it seems necessary to mention only a few. Accordingly, five phases will be considered, namely, the duties of the special societies, certain duties to the patient that have not been sufficiently recognized, the need for developing more and better dermatologic clinics, the arsphenamin situation, and lastly the duties to the country. THE WORK BEFORE DERMATOLOGISTS For years many of us have felt that the various societies composed of specialists, as well as many of the special sections of the American Medical Association, have not fulfilled all that might be reasonably expected of them. They are rather pleasant social meetings with a sprinkling of good papers and some valuable discussion, both public and private, rather than beacons in the progress of


This paper presents a new method for the contactless measurement of in-circuit reflection-coefficients (Γinsitu). The proposed method relies on an electromagnetic (EM) model of a known passive structure (e.g. a bondwire array) that can be embedded in any unknown circuitry. By operating the circuit to be investigated normally and probing locally the EM field induced by the known structure inside this circuit, the in-circuit reflection coefficients at boundaries of this structure under the actual operating conditions can be directly obtained. The proposed method is demonstrated on a single bondwire and verified by a set of independent measurements. The high potential of the proposed method for future applications is demonstrated by applying it to a bondwire array that mimics the output connections of a large-periphery high-power device.


Self-assembly of CA inhibitor offers strategic therapy for hypoxic tumors, with marked selectivity and interesting mode of action. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX overexpresses exclusively on cell membranes of hypoxic tumors, regulating the acidic tumor microenvironment. Small molecules of CA inhibitor modified with short peptide successfully achieve CA IX–targeted self-assembly that localizes CA inhibitors on hypoxic cancer cell surfaces and enhances their inhibition efficacy and selectivity. CA IX–related endocytosis also promotes selective intracellular uptake of these nanofibers under hypoxia, in which nanofiber structures increase in size with decreasing pH. This effect subsequently causes intracellular acid vesicle damage and blocks protective autophagy. The versatility of tunable nanostructures responding to cell milieu impressively provokes selective toxicities and provides strategic therapy for hypoxic tumors. Moreover, in vivo tests demonstrate considerable antimetastatic and antiangiogenesis effects in breast tumors, and particularly remarkable enhancement of antitumor efficacy in doxorubicin administration. With its biocompatible components and distinctive hypoxia therapies, this nanomaterial advances current chemotherapy, providing a new direction for hypoxic cancer therapy.


Objective To evaluate clinical effects of mycobacterium-vaccae-assisted method in treatment of elderly relapsing tuberculosis patients.Methods A total of 60 elderly relapsing tuberculosis patients were randomly divided into two groups: the treatment group (n=30) who received mycobacterium vaccae plus combined chemotherapy and the control group (n=30) who received combined chemotherapy only. The clinical effects and side effects between the two groups were compared. Results The sputum convention cute rate, the pulmonary tuberculosis lesion absorption rate and the cavity closed rate after 3-month treatment for the treatment group were 96.7%, 93.3%, and 86.3%, respectively, and for the controls the rates were 73.7%, 73.3%, and 65%, respectively. The rates between the two groups were statistically different. However, the side effects between the two groups were similar.Conclusion Use of mycobacterium vaccae combined with chemotherapy may increase clinical effects in treating elderly relapsing tuberculosis patients and it is safe.


Multinational companies (EMN) are considered key actors in the study of labour relations, especially because of their strong economic power and their ability to impose specific practices on labour unions through their subsidiaries. Given its relevance in the Argentine productive structure, by analysing them it is possible to understand a large part of the business strategies towards the unions. In this framework, the article proposes: i) to determine union penetration levels in EMN installed in Argentina, and ii) to establish relationships between these levels of penetration and different factors that explain the existence of diverse representation logics. Thus, while the structural aspects condition the levels of penetration achieved, the characteristics of the work management have more limited effects over them.


The Journal in which Mr. W. Tye's Second Barnwell Lecture has been published (" The Outlook on Airframe Fatigue," May 1955 Journal) has now reached Australia. I felt that some comment was called for when I discovered that Mr. Tye had not mentioned the work done in Australia on the life of aircraft structures. What I believe to be the facts are as follows. Australian concern regarding fatigue was awakened in January 1945, when a Stinson air liner VH-UYY crashed with the loss of ten lives. The analysis made by the C.S.I.R. Aeronautical Research Laboratory confirmed that it was caused by a fatigue failure in the welded tube of the primary wing structure. Mr. H. A. Wills, in charge of structural and metallurgical research at the Laboratory, initiated a programme of fatigue tests on actual aircraft wings, designed to give factual answers to the problem of determining the safe life of aircraft structures. The basic idea that this could be done had been suggested in a paper by Bland and Sandorf0, and the Stinson accident provided the necessary urge.


Cultural industry is the promising industry in the 21st century.As f or minority nationality regions in Gansu,where economy is less developed and liv ing environment is adverse,only when cultural industry is fully developed and be comes the mainstay can this region put an end to poverty,and head toward sustain able development.


Hard finishing technology is used to manufacture high performance gears. One hard finishing process with undefined cutting edges is gear honing. Gear honing is primarily used to hard finish small and medium sized automotive gears. Trials have shown that gears with a module larger than module m n  = 4 mm can also be honed efficiently, but often problems occur due to an unstable process design. Process parameters and tool specifications have to be adjusted to receive the demanded gear quality. In this paper a model to improve the process design is described.


Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's visit to the Yasukuni Shrine on December 26, 2013, has further complicated East Asian regional politics and not only with China and South Korea, but also other states in the region and beyond. The United States expressed that it was "disappointed" and Singapore voiced "regret." For these states, the degree of Abe's political "inconsiderateness" is the major source of concern, rather than the actual visit itself. Tensions are already heightened in the region after China's unilateral establishment of an Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) in the East China Sea last November and South Korea's continuous castigation against Japan on the comfort women issue during World War II.


The knowledge society is a changing society in which information expands rapidly and circulates continuously around the globe; money and capital flow in a restless and relentless search for new investment opportunities; organizations continually restructure themselves; government policies undergo volatile shifts as electorates become more and more capricious; and multicultural migration keeps reconstituting the communities in which we live. There are many aspects of the era of the knowledge society. Also, there are many factors and agents that can facilitate or hinder the transition to the knowledge society. This paper will just focus on teachers' concerns and roles on the knowledge society. The paper will start by introducing the students' concerns as end-users of the educational services. Then I will move on to introduce what knowledge society means and what are the roles and responsibility in this era and how can we support teachers in the knowledge society to develop and be helped to develop capacities for taking risks, dealing with change, and undertaking inquiries when new demands and novel problems repeatedly confront them. Keywords: learning, teaching, knowledge, challenges, potentials


portunity, the response has already been sufficient to be decidedly encouraging. Summarizing, we believe that: 1. Annual complete medical examinations by private physicians is the goal towards which school health examinations should strive. 2. There is no single type of examination that is equally suitable for all communities. 3. In choosing a type of examination we must evaluate the various possible methods in terms of results which may be accomplished under local conditions. 4. Each type of examination may prove suitable under certain conditions. 5. The use of the teacher as an aid in school health work, including the health examination, should be actively encouraged.


The present invention relates to a modular hatrack (100) for internal aircraft. Modular hat rack (100) includes at least one container (10), at least one housing for accommodating the container (10) and (20), provided with a, in which, the personal supply channel (30) electrical line (110), lights strip (11), the air duct of the air conditioning system (90), and the air outlet of the air conditioning system at least one component housing is selected from the group comprising (75) (20) It is integrated in. The present invention also relates to the use in a modular hatrack of aircraft or other means of transportation. .Field


Acquiring knowledge is a part of the process of thinking in which individuals are encouraged to represent their views on different concepts, theories, and explanations. Reading is a necessary skill which promotes the process of learning through improving the abilities of thinking, reasoning, and evaluation. Literary texts, especially narratives, are examples of materials which enhance reading ability, strengthen the power of critical thinking, and can develop reading skills by providing some universal elements which may be common among nations and experienced by them. A number of studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of critical thinking on learning environment and its interwoven relationship with reading literary texts. This study explores the extent to which the subscales of critical thinking such as Analysis, Evaluation, Inference, Deductive Reasoning, and Inductive Reasoning, as specified by California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST), can predict the learners' comprehension ability in reading narrative texts. To this end, 115 students majoring in English Literature and Translation at Arak University were homogenized based on the Oxford Placement Test and reading comprehension section of TOEFL (1996). Based on the results of these tests, 93 participants were selected to take part in the study. They performed the Persian translation of the CCTST, Form B (designed for university students), and three narrative texts. The results of multiple-regression revealed the existence of relationship between the subscales of critical thinking and comprehension ability in reading narrative texts. However, evaluation was observed as a stronger predictor of learners' ability in reading narrative texts.


The effect of deinking chemicals on the brightness of the deinked pulps at various chemical dosage and pulp concentrations was investigated in this paper. Washing deinking process was used for all the experiments. According to the experiment results, the optimized formula of the deinking agent for the pulp at 20% of concentration was: NaOH2.5%,NaSiO3 3%,EDTA 0.3% and H2O2 3.5%. The brightness of the deinked pulp was higher than that of the pulp deinked at the concentration of 6%.


SUBTITLE: A LACK OF MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT SERVICES OF AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FRUSTRATES THE DEVELOPMENT OF FULL-SERVICE LOGISTICS IN THE REGION. THE UNITED NATIONS HAS OUTLINED A PROGRAMME TO TACKLE THIS ISSUE, AS OUTLINED BY CONTAINER ASIA SPEAKER: BARRY CABLE.


We consider a two-level method for the discretization and solution of nonlinear boundary value problems. The method basically involves (i) solving the nonlinear problem on a {\it very} coarse mesh, (ii) linearizing about the coarse mesh solution, and solving the linearized problem on the fine mesh, one time! We analyze the accuracy of this procedure for strongly monotone nonlinear operators (\S2) and general semilinear elliptic boundary value problems (without monotonicity assumptions). In particular, the scaling between the fine and coarse mesh widths required to ensure optimal accuracy of the fine mesh solution is derived as a byproduct of the error estimates herein.


This study investigated children's, adolescents', and adults' references to an actor's goals when explaining interpersonal actions. Participants were presented with eight brief stories containing a variety of social events and were asked to explain why the actor in each story performed the central action. Children, adolescents, and adults mentioned goals for most of the stories. Adults and adolescents mentioned psychological goals much more often than did children. Older children, adolescents, and adults mentioned complex psychological goals more often than did younger children. Younger children often mentioned instrumental or social goals. When making goal attributions, children, adolescents, and adults considered both the nature of the action and the social context in which it occurred. Participants mentioned psychological goals more often when explaining an antisocial action and social goals when explaining a prosocial action. Participants were also more likely to mention psychological goals when interpersonal events immediately preceding the central action were described. Thus, goals were offered as explanations for interpersonal actions by all age groups, but the type of goals mentioned varied by the age of the participant, the social context, and the valence of the action. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract : In the past, the Department of Defense (DoD) has relied upon commercial software estimating tools. However, these tools are somewhat unreliable when it comes to estimating military systems, particularly Command and Control Systems. The purpose of this study was to develop a parametric model using linear regression to estimate software development costs for DoD Command and Control systems. The developed model is unique in a few ways. First, the model is derived from Department of Defense command and control data. Second, while traditional models require volumes of variables to create estimates, the developed model only requires a few key variables to estimate the amount of effort necessary to complete a project. The key variables were selected through analyzing common variables used in software cost estimating.


Objective
To investigate the value of 3D printing technology practical training applied in practical teaching of graduate students of otorhinolaryngology.

Methods
Total 42 graduate students of otorhinolaryngology were divided into control group (20) and experimental group (22) randomly. The control group received traditional teaching mode while the experimental group received 3D printing technology practical training mode. The effect of teaching modes was evaluated by questionnaire and theoretical and practical examinations. The data were analyzed through t test of SPSS 17.0.

Result
Questionnaire survey of the different teaching modes showed that: the average score of control group was (59.4±3.5), while that of experimental group was (64.6±3.6). Theoretical examination score showed that: the average score of control group was (75.7±5.1), while that of experimental group was (81.5±7.7). Practical examination score showed that: the average score of control group was (74.5±5.8), while that of experimental group was (80.9±6.9). All the differences are statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion
The recognition degree of 3D printing technology practical training in these graduate students was significantly higher than that of the traditional teaching mode, and the teaching effect from 3D printing technology practical training was better compared with that from the traditional teaching mode.

Key words:
graduate students of otorhinolaryngology; 3D printing technology; medical education; clinical competence


In order to verify the structure strength and the stress distribution of the conical pick and the pick holder applied in the mine roadheader during the no relative movement and to study the failure causes,a 3D solid model and a finite element model of the pick and the pick holder was established.With the mesh division,load added and constraint,the computer simulation was applied to obtain the deformation and stress distribution cloud picture of the pick and pick holder.The analysis showed that under the performances,the failure of the pick would not cause by the strength and cause by the partial abrasion due to no rotation of the pick in the pick holder,which caused the hard alloy falling off of the pick.The results showed the study conclusion and the actual conditions would be the same.


By studying the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) operator, we know the process require calculate the whole scale spaces of the input image, costing the expensive time and taking up a lot of memory resources. Especially for the large aerial image, the SIFT operator can not process and doesn't generate keypoints. Therefore we implement the SIFT operator on large-format aerial images, and show that it can quickly and accurately detect keypoints in the large-format aerial image for automatic matching.


A first orderanalytical methodisdeveloped to analyze theguided modesinsubstrate integrated waveguides. Thecomplexpropagation constant isderived asa closed expression whichisafunction offrequency, andgeometrical andmaterial parameters. Thissingle equation isableto describe multimodeand band gap effects in substrate integrated waveguides. Therefore, theinitial design procedure canbegreatly simplified byusingthisanalytical modelas starting point.


Abstract A 36-years old man was treated with Peg-interferon (PEGASYS) and ribavirin to controlof Hepatitis C experienced a suicide attempt and was admitted to hospital. Another casetreated by PDferon B ® attempted to suicide by consumption more than 100 tablet ofFluxetin. Fortunately their family rescued them. Both of them had a history of depressionand interferon-alpha deepened it. These are the first reports of suicide attempt after treatmentwith PEGASYS and PDferon B ® from Iran. Keyword: Interferon; Suicide; Depression; Hepatitis C Introduction Hepatitis C infection is coming up to the top of the virus-induced liver diseases rankingnow. 1, 2, 3 In Iran, it seems that about 200000 of people are presently infected with hepatitisC virus (HCV), but the spreading of the infection is emerging mostly due to social problemssuch as intravenous drug use and needle sharing among addicts. 4,5 In addition, psychiatric symptoms and emotional distress appear to be more common inpatients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) than in the general population.


In this paper, the author explores several key electrophotographic printer (ELP) improvements as well as significant new product offerings. The intent is to include only those printers with major technology and/or market impact potential. In order to provide a reasonable taxonomy of features, the author provides ELP trends in the categories of speed, both higher and lower; image quality; controller and page description language enhancements; integration and system trends; and a brief look at marking system improvements. Lastly, a performance metric has been included to show where ELP technology has gone in the last few years.


A novel fluorescence probe 2 has been designed and synthesized.The results showed that a significant enhancement of fluorescence at 588 nm was observed when Fe3+ was added to the CH3CN solution of the compound 2 which has no fluorescence originally.The addition of other transition metal ions showed no obvious enhancement of fluorescence,except for Zn2+ and Pb2+ with certain degree of enhancement.Therefore,compound 2 is a good Fe3+ fluorescence probe with high selectivity.


The European Second Generation Compared - 2[-]Table of contents - 6[-]Acknowledgements - 8[-]1 Introduction - 12[-]2 Comparative integration context theory Participation and belonging in diverse European cities - 20[-]3 Research methodology - 40[-]4 The TIES respondents and their parents Background socio-demographic characteristics - 58[-]5 School careers of second-generation youth in Europe Which education systems provide the best chances for success? - 102[-]6 Assessing the labour market position and its determinants for the second generation - 166[-]7 Union formation and partner choice - 226[-]8 Identities Urban belonging and intercultural relations - 286[-]9 Ways of 'being Muslim' Religious identities of second-generation Turks - 342[-]10 Conclusions and implications The integration context matters - 376[-]List of contributors - 406


Abstract In this article, a 3D semi-analytical procedure is elaborated for static behavior of simply supported functionally graded magnetoelectroelastic laminated plates subjected to various types of loads. An arbitrary graded formulation is considered in the thickness direction. The laminated plates have been divided into some layers in which the materials properties vary through the thickness. In each layer, the solution has been established using the state-space approach coupled with the Gauss-Tchybechev integration. The predicted solution has been propagated from the bottom to the top layers of the plate using the propagator matrix method. The presented methodological procedure is general and allow considering various types of graded functionalities in the thickness direction. For the computation process, the piezoelectric material and the piezomagnetic material are used. Two kinds of functionally graded materials have been hindered. First, the polynomial variation of the materials properties through the thickness direction of the plate is considered. The effective properties of functionally graded materials are assumed to follow the law of mixture. Second, the exponential variation of the materials properties through the thickness of the plate was used. The obtained numerical results have been well compared with the available ones obtained by the 3D asymptotic approach, the modified Pagano method, the pseudo-Stroh formalism, and the finite elements method, respectively. The convergence study showed the accuracy, the efficiency, and the reliability of the presented methodological procedure.


Soft-fault diagnosis and tolerance are two challenging problems in analog-circuit fault diagnosis. Although many analog faults can be diagnosed theoretically, they cannot be accurately diagnosed due to the influence of component tolerance. This paper proposes approaches to the tolerance-handling method in soft-fault diagnosis. First, the slope fault model and its theoretical proof are presented. In linear analog circuits, the voltage equation between two nodes is linear and can be expressed by a point-slope-form equation in which the point is determined by the nominal voltage values on the two selected nodes, and the slope, which is invariant, can be used as the fault model, which is applicable to both hard (open or short) and soft (parametric) faults. Then, the parameter tolerance is taken into consideration. The point-slope-form equation is governed by a point and a slope value. The tolerance influences the fault diagnosis by shifting both the point and the nominal slope value. These influences can be mitigated in two ways: 1) The point is measured when an actual circuit is under steady state and free of fault, and 2) the maximum slope deviation is readily obtained by using optimization theory if the equation governing the voltage between two nodes is available; otherwise, a threshold proportion coefficient is used to calculate the maximum deviation. Based on these methods, a novel test-point selection approach for the fault dictionary technique is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is verified by both simulated and experimental results.


We investigated that microRNA (miRNA)‐141 protects against epilepsy‐induced apoptosis and its reaction mechanism. The serum expression of miRNA‐141 in epilepsy model mice and control volunteer was measured by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. We found that miRNA‐141 serum expression was upregulated in patients with epilepsy. Overexpression of miRNA‐141 induced nerve cell apoptosis, suppressed proliferation, promoted caspase‐3/9, Bax and p53 protein expression, and reduced silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) protein expression in vitro model. In addition, the downexpression miRNA‐141 using si‐miRNA‐141 reduced nerve cell apoptosis and increased proliferation, suppressed caspase‐3/9, Bax and p53 protein expression, induced SIRT1 protein expression. SIRT1 inhibitor (nicotinamide) decreased SIRT1, reduced the effects of miRNA‐141 on nerve cell apoptosis in vitro model of epilepsy through SIRT1/p53. SIRT1 agonist also reduced the effects of miRNA‐141 overexpression on nerve cell apoptosis in vitro model of epilepsy through SIRT1/p53. Our preliminary findings indicate that anti‐miRNA‐141 protects against epilepsy‐induced apoptosis via SIRT1/p53 expression.


This paper presents a numerical modeling, combined the finite element method in frequency domain with the finite difference time domain, to calculate the transient impulse characteristic of grounding systems including the ionization phenomenon. In this numerical method, space-time variable soil resistivity is used to simulate the soil ionization phenomenon and no a priori hypothesis on the geometrical shape of the ionized region around the electrodes is necessary. The proposed numerical scheme is validated by comparing computed results with experimental results in literature.


This paper discusses about fibre to the home. Introducing fibre to the home (FTTH) systems using a Gigabit passive optical network (GPON) architecture. This has eroded ZON's market share, forcing it to invest in its FTTC network and DOCSIS 3.0 cable modems to keep up with current demands. ZON is now considering investing in FTTH to maintain its competitiveness.


As Dr Sterkel correctly points out, the issue of payment for telephone care as addressed in a recently published American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) policy statement1 is of great importance to pediatricians. Although pediatric practice entails a great deal of telephone care, physicians in many other medical specialties also experience high demands for telephone care and are concerned that these services, which entail medical decision-making, practice expense, and malpractice risk, are rarely paid.

Over the past several years, there has been increasing support from the AAP and other specialty societies …


Magnetic attachment and extracoronal attachment are applied widely in clinic;however,to some degree, the scope of the application of either attachment is still limited. As we know that dentition defect with isolated residual root or residual crown is the complex but common clinical case, if we use either attachment to treat that case, the clinical effect, usually, is not satisfactory. Therefore, the combined application of magnetic attachment and extracoronal attachment in prosthodontics can not only show each attachment's advantages but also make up for each other's disadvantages, which, consequently, could get the best clinical effect.


The purpose of this paper is to estimate the economic impact of a Korean birdwatching festival, using a regional input-output (I-O) model. For this end, a regional I-O model of Chungnam province was developed from a national I-O transactions tables using a location quotient (LQ) method. Once the regional I-O was completed, regional tourism multipliers of Chungnam were derived with respect to output, income, employment, and value-added. The results of the regional I-O model show that generally tourism output multipliers were lower than an industry average, indicating lower intersectoral linkages, whereas tourism income and employment multipliers exceeded an industry average, indicating high propensity to create income and employment in the region. The results also show that tourism multipliers derived from the regional I-O model was different from those multipliers derived from the national I-O model. This indicates that the regional I-O model is appropriate when measuring the economic impact of a regional festival.


Summary It's clearly obvious that a technology alone cannot act as a panacea, but thermochemical treatment method can act as a multifunctional technique. This method is based on the decomposition reaction of ammonium nitrate. This work is planned to find study the thermobaric effect of thermochemical fluid, determine its effect on petrophysical parameters of formation and rheological aspects of oil. To measure the released pressure and temperature, 5 ml of the thermochemical fluid was injected into the reaction cell and these parameters were registered in real time regime. It was found that pressure and temperature in reaction zone increase up to 80 atm and 230 ? respectively. Experiments on core plugs show that after thermochemical fluid a network of fractures occurs. Rheological tests show that because of reaction products oil viscosity reduces from from 630 to 55 m.Pa.s.


One of the traditional forms of performing arts in Lampung is Sakura. Although a considerable amount of research on Sakura performance art has been done and despite the importance of Sakura performance art, but to my knowledge no researcher has studied about the holistic understanding of this performance art in terms of its functions. This study is qualitative in nature in which the data were collected through observations, audio-recorded interviews, documents, and artifacts which were descriptively analyzed and interpreted. This study was conducted through intense and prolonged contact with informants in natural setting in four villages (Kenali, Kegeringan, Canggu, and Kuta Besi villages) in Batu Brak District, Liwa, West Lampung Regency as Sakura performance art cannot be found anywhere else. The key informants were purposively selected to take part in this study, including traditional Lampung elders, Sakura artists, and cultural experts from the four villages. Based on the results and discussion, it can be stated that the function of Sakura performance art was initially as a means of worship for harvest festival and village safety. Today, however, it has several functions such as a means of socialization, social solidarity, entertainment, and aesthetic presentation. Finally, some implications for the preservation of the Sakura performance art and recommendations for future research are also discussed.