Although the majority of studies have found that mergers and acquisitions result to enhanced efficiency of financial intermediation in the Nigerian banking system, none of these studies considered the time lag for anomalies warranting further mergers and acquisitions `among banks in Nigeria. The objective of this study is to ascertain if mergers and acquisitions enhance banks intermediation process and to consider the time lag for banks to remain profitable after mergers and acquisitions. This objective is timely given the acquisitions and re-acquisitions, mergers and re-mergers of banks and financial distress in banks few years after the 2004 consolidation programme that witnessed many mergers and acquisitions in the Nigerian banking industry. The population of the study consists of the entire twenty one deposit money banks in Nigeria and a sample of six banks was selected. The source of data is secondary and data was extracted from the annual reports and accounts of these banks for a period of sixteen years (2000 to 2015). The parametric inferential statistics of simple regression and sequence charts were employed to analyze and to present the results respectively. Our findings show that mergers and acquisitions enhance banks intermediation process and that the time lag for profit resulting from mergers and acquisitions is four (4)
years after mergers and acquisitions. Among other recommendations, banks are urged to tighten controls in their operations as well as to grant credit to viable channels in order to sustain profit performance benefits arising from mergers and acquisitions.


ABSTRACT The occupational injustices experienced by human trafficking survivors lead to immediate occupational performance deficits and promote long-term instability. Experience and previous patterns of behavior contribute to the deficits and instability. The occupational manifestations of complex trauma are reflected in the inability to participate in meaningful and necessary occupations. Occupational therapy intervention can be a means of empowering victims of human trafficking by using the occupational therapy process, occupational therapy theories, and models of practice. Occupational therapy practitioners can enable survivors to address the intrinsic and extrinsic barriers to achieving increased overall well-being and occupational performance.


Abstract : System aspects of large scale decontamination of populated areas were studied to determine optimal decontamination procedures for small scale areas. Simple techniques have been demonstrated that a populated area of 700,000 people exposed to fallout from a 1 MT attack outside of the area can be restored in roughly 1 month. Analysis was conducted of scheduling the entry of operators into a radioactive field. Techniques similar to dynamic programming were applied, with the result that for certain circumstances specific optimal start times can be determined. Computational procedures and computer programs have been evolved for testing procedures in simulated environments. Substantial analysis was performed on the shielding effect of structures in a target area.


Early supported discharge (ESD) facilitates people with a stroke to be discharged from the hospital environment earlier than conventional care to continue their rehabilitation within the home with a multi-disciplinary team. From Randomised Controlled Trials, benefits of ESD include reducing long term dependency, the length of hospital stay and cost savings. This systematic review and qualitative synthesis explores the experiences of those involved in ESD including people with stroke, family members, caregivers as well as the healthcare professionals.

 A literature search was completed in 11 databases which generated 3,425 articles. Qualitative or mixed methods studies that included qualitative data on the experiences of people with stroke, family members, caregivers and healthcare professionals of an ESD service were included. Methodological quality was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Findings were synthesised using thematic synthesis.

 A total of fourteen studies were identified. The methodological quality of the studies was good overall. Four key themes emerged: 1) ESD is experienced by people with stroke as a goal-focused and supportive process leading to positive outcomes, 2) ESD eases the transition from the hospital to the home environment but the transition from ESD to social and community services is often problematic, 3) Organisational, logistical and inter-professional factors are critical to the success of ESD and 4) The home environment enhances rehabilitation.

 Our findings highlight the importance of home in the rehabilitation process post stroke. Key practice implications point to the need for increased attention to periods where care transitions occur.


Conclusion The presence of a familial tendency to ulceration, except in the arteriosclerotic group, is usually associated with the inheritance of varicose veins; this applies to post-thrombotias well as to varicose ulceration. It must not be assumed, however, that varicose veins are present in an individual before thrombosis occurs, as this is not usually so. It means merely that thrombosis, unless caused by fracture or infection of the leg, seems more likely to occur in individuals with a family history of varicose veins. Where thrombosis may occur, as in parturient women, patients recumbent for medical or surgical reasons, and those with fractures of or undergoing operations on the leg, special efforts should be made to prevent it if there is a family history of varicose veins, thrombosis, or ulcus cruris. Summary


The article discusses the results of long-term field research on irrigation of perennial grasses with livestock runoff. The aim of the research was the experimental justification of land reclamation measures and drainage-free run off during irrigation of land with runoff from pig-breeding complexes. Experimental studies were conducted on a specialized reclamation system in Orsha district of Vitebsk region, where the soil cover is represented by sod-podzolic loamy soils. The experimental design included 8 options. As a result of research, it was found out that irrigation with livestock runoff leads to compaction of the upper soil layers.
In the arable layer of 0–20 cm, the additional density increased from 1.26 to 1, 32 g/cm3, or 4.8 %, compared to the control, and in variants with irrigation and drainage measures, the compaction was somewhat less. In the soil layer of 0–40 cm, deconsolidation was greater only in the variants with soil deepening and loosening by 4 %, and when applying straw – by 5.1 %.In the 0–60 cm layer, a decrease in the density of addition was observed only in the variants with deep loosening and the introduction of straw. It was also found out that soil water loss varies over time. It is most intense in the first 2–3 hours and almost completely stops after 10–18 hours for
monoliths with a thickness of 0.4–0.6 m, and in monoliths of 1.0 m, after 36–48 hours. The highest intensity of water loss was registered in options 5, 6 and 7. The lowest was in the control variant and option 2, where no land reclamation measures were taken. In options 5, 6 and 7, a decrease in the intensity of water loss by years was noted.
Thus, in option 5 in 2000, water loss amounted to 0.9 mm /h, in 2001 – 0.87 mm/h, and in 2002 – 0.85 mm/h. Similar patterns were revealed in options 6 and 7. In the control option and option 2 without agro-reclamation measures, the intensity of water loss also decreased. The decrease in the intensity of water loss over the years is associated with changes in the density of the soil caused by anthropogenic impact on it. First of all, with compaction by farm machines and ongoing irrigation of perennial grasses.


To explore the impact of endogenous proteases on the gelation properties of beef heart surimi, the surimi samples were incubated at different temperatures. Maximum (4.8 N) and minimum (3.3 N) gel strengths were produced by surimi sols preincubated at 60 and 50 °C, respectively. Preincubation at 60 °C as well as slow linear heating also produced gels with the highest storage modulus and water-holding capacity. Proteolytic activity with an optimum pH of 5.0 and temperature close to 50 °C was discovered. Addition of protease inhibitors, particularly bovine plasma powder, reduced the extent of gel weakening caused by the proteases and, concomitantly, enhanced the water-holding capacity of the surimi gel. SDS−PAGE showed that in the absence of protease inhibitors, myosin was partially hydrolyzed and a 130 kDa polypeptide formed during preincubation at 50 °C. Bovine plasma powder and egg white inhibited the formation of the new polypeptide. Keywords: Beef heart; myofibrillar protein; proteolysis; protease inhib...


In this paper, a mixed quantum-classical semi-rigid vibrating rotor target (QC-SVRT) model has been applied to study the reaction O(3P) + CH4 → CH3 + OH based on H + CH4 potential surface of Jordan and Gilbert. In this approach, the relative translational motion between atom and polyatom molecules is treated classically while the others are treated quantum mechanically. The reaction probabilities and rate constants were carried out using the QC-SVRT approach. It was found that the QC-SVRT results are in good agreement with the quantum results and the reaction threshold is correctly produced in the present calculation. The application of this QC-SVRT approach makes it more practical to extend quantum reaction dynamics calculation to larger molecules and more complex systems without incurring significant loss of important quantum effects.


Summary form only given. Field-resolved detection of ultrafast pulses in the THz (0.1-10 THz) and multi-THz (10-100 THz) spectral range has provided key insights into the dynamics of low-energy collective excitations in condensed matter systems. However, the spatial resolution of these far-field studies is intrinsically limited to the scale of the probing wavelength by diffraction. Thus, the measured optical response is an average over sub-wavelength structures such as nanoparticles, nanocrystals, nanodomains, and microscopic defects. Apertureless scattering-type near-field scanning optical microscopy (s-NSOM) bypasses this fundamental limit by utilizing the strong confinement of the optical near-field at the apex of a sharp metal tip. We have combined ultra-sensitive, field-resolved multi-THz spectroscopy with s-NSOM to access dynamic complex conductivities on the surfaces of nanostructures with 10 nm spatial resolution. Electro-optic sampling of the scattered near-field pulses enables sub-cycle detection (10 fs temporal resolution) of waveforms consisting of less than one coherent photon per pulse. We have applied our versatile microscope to two nanostructures of similar shape but vastly different composition. First, carrier dynamics were studied in indium arsenide nanowires with sub-cycle temporal resolution, revealing the ultrafast (<; 50 fs) formation of a carrier depletion layer at the nanowire surface. Second, we studied heterogeneous local dynamics in vanadium dioxide nanowires. Vanadium dioxide is a model system for insulator-to-metal phase transitions and is promising for technological applications. In our study, we found that substrate-induced strain drives a periodic modulation of the ultrafast photoconductivity along the nanowire. Finally, we have explored the ultimate limits of THz imaging resolution using a new technique called THz scanning tunnelling microscopy, where THz pulses drive femtosecond local currents across an atomic-scale tunnel junction.


Objectives: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of preterm birth in a unit of the public health network. Methods: A retrospective study involving the analysis of records of 94 newborns born before 37 completed weeks of gestation and those of their respective mothers. For investigation, data regarding maternal socioeconomic conditions, the presence of intercurrent gestational diseases, the occurrence of aggravating perinatal events, the birth conditions and the neonatal complications were observed. Results: Most of the pregnant women studied were between the ages of 15 and 35 years, had between 4 and 7 years of schooling and lived in urban areas. 95% of the pregnancies were single fetus, and the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 12% and 6%, respectively. Premature membrane rupture occurred in 25% of cases, maternal genitourinary tract infections in 27%, and chorioamnionitis in 5%. Most neonates weighed between 1,000 and 2,499 grams at birth. The most common complication was neonatal infection (32%), especially early sepsis, which was more common among preterm infants of lower gestational age and weight, and also in those whose mothers had some infection during pregnancy. Other relevant neonatal outcomes were respiratory changes (27%) and jaundice (26%). There were 26 deaths in the sample studied. Conclusions: Preventing prematurity and its consequences requires knowledge and monitoring of risk factors. Palavras-chave: Ruptura Prematura de


Effects of the non-linearity of the error-by-signal multiplier on the performance of adaptive antenna array feedback control loop employing the least-mean square algorithm, are analyzed. The analysis is supported by an illustrative numerical example.


Use the LoTREC toolkit for implementing a tableau algorithm for deciding concept satisfiability w.r.t. TBox in the DL ALC. Recall, that an instance of this problem is defined as: Definition 1 Given a pair (T , C), where T is a TBox and C a concept in ALC, decide whether there exists a model I = (∆I , ·I) of T such that CI 6= ∅. (†) For simplicity, you can take the following assumptions: • every TBox axiom in T is of the form > ≡ D, where D is a concept in Negation Normal Form, • the concept C is in Negation Normal Form. To accomplish the task you will need to address the following points: 1. declare all constructors of ALC + auxiliary constructors for handling the input∗) [LoTREC tab: Connectors]. 2. define the rules of the tableau algorithm for ALC + auxiliary rules for handling the input∗) [LoTREC tab: Rules]. 3. define the strategy of using your rules during the run of the algorithm [LoTREC tab: Strategies].


A BeH band system analogous to the $B^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ MgH system is reported. Observed bands are the (0,0) at 1960A, (1,0) at 1882A and (1,1) at 1956A. Each consists of a single $Q$ branch (negligible spin doubling), $P$ and $R$ branch transitions being eliminated by predissociation from the $^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}$ state into a neighboring unstable $^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ state. For the $^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}$ state ${B}_{0}=10.65$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{e}\ensuremath{-}2{x}_{e}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{e}=2133.4$. The complex BeH spectrum from 3100A to 3600A consists only of an extension of the known $^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}^{+}\mathrm{rightarrow}^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}^{+}$ Be${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ system. Analyses of the principal Be${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ bands in this region yield revised values for the band constants.


Objective To observe the role of
genetically engineered myoblast on Parkinson's rat models. Methods Genetically modified
myoblasts capable of producing brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were grafted into the
striatum of Parkinson's rats and the content of dopamine in the striatum was detected with
highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after transplantation at different time. Results
In the graft group, the dopamine content in the striatum on the lesioned side increased
significantly as compared with that in the control group (957.53 to 335.98 pg/mg in week 2 and
1 040.29 to 327.88 pg/mg in week 8, P0.01 in both). Conclusions BDNF secreting myoblasts
may promote the survival of neuron and may proivde a new approach to the treatment of
Parkinson's disease.


It is a well known fact that concrete a composite material changes its behavior drastically with addition of cementitious and other admixtures. The researchers are trying to achieve a sustainable concrete which is eco friendly, economic and benefitting the society consuming minimum natural resources without compromising with its strength. Keeping all these requirements in focus Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is attracting researcher's attention in recent years. Although a lot of literature available on FRC using composites like; natural (cotton, jute, etc.), synthetic (made from chemicals) or a waste product, yet there is an urgent need to review the topic so as to find some research gap and to continue with an original research.


Measurement of sheet resistances of high resistance (up to 1016 Ω/□) thin films using conventional methods is both difficult and subject to error. We have developed a method for making sheet resistance measurements in which a low velocity electron beam is used to inject charge into the film. The injected charge drifts under the influence of its self‐induced field to metal electrodes evaporated on the film, where it is collected and measured externally as a time dependent current. We give examples of thin GaAs films for which the measured current can be fit with a current predicted by a simple model over many orders of magnitude by adjusting only one parameter, the sheet resistance of the film. The good agreement between experimental and theoretical currents provides reliable values for the sheet resistance. This allows an estimation of a lower limit on the carrier density native to our GaAs films.


Women empowerment is a process in which women challenge the existing norms and culture, to effectively promote their well being. The participation of women in Self Help Groups (SHGs) made a significant impact on their empowerment both in social and economical aspects. This study addresses women empowerment through self help groups in Warangal district of Telangana state .Rural women today have been suffering a lot due to the feeling of helplessness and lack of Decision-making capabilities in financial matters. Self help groups (SHGs) are the most recent development for them which could enable them to come forward and make them self dependent and self employed. The main objective of this study is to study the effectiveness of SHGs in empowering women as well as the interest of rural women towards SHGs. Chi-square and Anova test have used to test the significance of the result and it was found that the women associated with SHGs have disclosed that have economically benefited them across the time of association with them but there is significant difference in the perception on the effect that SHGs had on various factors and socially and politically benefited by SHG across the time of association with SHG. The results of the study revealed that the SHGs have had greater impact on both economic and social aspects of the beneficiaries.


Application of Python programming language in automation of measurement
 systems and creating virtual instruments is discussed in this paper.
 Requirements imposed to the software in order to perform these tasks are
 listed, and Python modules that support them are presented. Application of
 proposed techniques are illustrated in seven examples in different
 application areas. Analysis of software evolution, as well as the evolution
 of professional education yields conclusion that application of Python in
 automating measurement systems is promising.


In the field of tissue engineering andregenerative medicine, there is a demand for construction of three-dimensional(3D) organs such as liver, pancreas, and kidney. Although recent advances intissue engineering allowed us to construct two-dimensional tissues such as skinand cornea, it is still challenging to construct 3D organs. Since these vitalorgans are complex in structure and contain abundant capillary networks, it isdifficult to construct these organs in vitro. In particular, construction of capillarynetworks and their integration to epithelial tissues are important for 3Dtissue engineering. Therefore, we have been focusing on construction capillarynetworks. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism how we canconstruct functional microvascular networks by the co-culture of endothelialcells and mesenchymal stem cells while we utilize a microfluidic device tocontrol culture microenvironments. Microfluidicdevices used in this study were made by soft lithography. Our microfluidicdevice is made of silicone rubber (polydimethylsiloxane) and a cover glass. Thedevice has two parallel microfluidic channels and an intervening hydrogelregion, which allowed us to control cellular distribution and interstitial flowconditions. Using this microfluidic device, we cultured human umbilical veinendothelial cells (HUVEC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Phase-contrast and confocalfluorescent microscopy methods were used to investigate the process ofcapillary formation. HUVEC,which were seeded into a microfluidic channel, attached on the sidewall made ofhydrogel and started to penetrate into the gel for constructing vascularsprouts. These vascular sprouts extended into the gel and finally developedinto branching capillary networks. However, when HUVEC were cultured alone,capillary networks were not able to be maintained in long-term culture. On theother hand, when HUVEC were culture with MSC, MSC migrated into gel region, andsome cells attached to HUVEC differentiated into pericytes. After MSC attachedto HUVEC, HUVEC started to form vascular sprouts and finally developed into branchingcapillary networks, which were stable for more than 3 weeks. Confocalmicroscopy revealed that these capillary networks contained continuous lumens,which were partially wrapped by pericytes, suggesting that pericytes playimportant roles in stabilization of constructed capillary networks in vitro. Inaddition, the effect of interstitial flow on the construction of microvascularnetworks was investigated by applying a series of interstitial flow magnitude.The results revealed that capillary morphogenesis was enhanced with increasinginterstitial flow magnitude. In conclusion, HUVEC-MSC interactions andinterstitial flow conditions play important roles in regulating capillaryformation. Control of these culture conditions allows us to constructlong-lasting functional microvascular networks.


The rotating bed plasma reactor described here permits uniform surface modification of relatively large amounts of powder materials. Scale-up to even larger batches of solids appears to be feasible. Some preliminary experimental data on the plasma surface modification of polymer powders have been presented. The results show that the flow rate, time of treatment, and type of feed gas are important operating parameters which influence the final surface character. One particular application of plasma-modified polymer powders was explored; by crosslinking and/or chemically modifying only the outermost surface regions of these powders, various polymeric materials may be rendered useful for use in thermal storage slurries. The major advantage of the surface-modified plasma treated powders over the bulk-modified powders used previously is the retention of essentially all of the pristine polymer heat of fusion in the surface-modified materials.


This paper proposes two different noise cancellation techniques for cleaning wall-pressure fluctuations signals. These fluctuations are measured around a circular cylinder with laminar and turbulent flow separation. The noise cancellation techniques are based on Wiener and adaptive filters and use the signals of pressure transducers mounted in a cross section of the cylinder and the signal of a free-field sensor opportunely located upstream. First, synthetic signals are used in order to validate the procedure. Then, both techniques are applied to the experimental data. Specific attention is paid to the filter order, optimized by a method introduced in this paper. Both filter types showed a selective behavior preserving the essence of the fluid dynamic phenomena characterizing the flow fields at each Reynolds number tested, especially when laminar separation occurs.


The surface of 45 steel hammerhead parts quenched generates the phenomena of different hardness because of the different thickness of parts and different shape of parts.The reasons of the phenomena were analyzed from the theory.The martensitic structure and grain size of the cooled parts were influenced by quencher of parts.Where parts surface shape change,namely thin place,the more of the martensite amounts,the higher of the hardness,the better of the wear resistance.


The final state interactions (FSI) model, in which soft rescattering of low mass intermediate states dominate, is suggested. It explains why the strong interaction phases are large in the $B_d\to\pi\pi$ channel and are considerably smaller in the $B_d\to\rho\rho$ one.


The effects of dietary protein level on the growth performance and ammonia excretion of the leopard coral grouper,
Plectropomus leopardus were investigated for eight weeks. Fish were fed diets with 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60% crude protein
levels in separate recirculating systems. Fish fed with the 50% crude protein containing diet showed the best ingestion
rate, which was significantly higher than that found in the other groups. As the dietary protein level increased, the
specific growth rate increased significantly and it reached the highest level at 50% crude protein containing diet. Based
on the results of all measured parameters 50% protein containing diet was the best among all test diets. The regression
equation for dietary protein level versus ammonia excretion indicated that the optimal dietary protein level with the
least ammonia excretion was 53.14%. More research is still needed to elucidate the effects of 53.14% crude protein
containing diet on the specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and ingestion rate of leopard
coral grouper before recommending this level. Until then, 50% protein containing diet can be recommended for leopard
coral grouper culture in the recirculation system.


In the last thirty years, since Floyd introduced his asserted flowcharts [2], there have been important advances in formal methods. Unfortunately, we programmers rarely apply them in our daily work. But, even if we do not use formal specifications, we can still take advantage of some of their findings. Here, I will present some techniques for maintaining internal consistency in our programs.


The present paper attempts to identify the groups of households that most likely will face positive or negative welfare consequences as a result of food price increases. Using data from household surveys and differentiating urban from rural areas as well as food buyers from food sellers, the analysis presents preliminary evidence, showing that when the short run effects on consumption are considered, household welfare is expected to decrease, threatening initially food security. Real benefits are expected to occur for selected household groups, as soon as some second round effects, that transform the production structure, are considered. Market participation is critical for small land holders to capitalize potential benefits. Irregular wage earners may also gain from the price increases as long as expansion of the food producing sectors takes place in the parts of the developing countries that agriculture is the dominant source of income. Nevertheless it cannot be neglected that appropriation of the benefits, requires sufficient transmission of the price increases to the farm gate. On the other hand, and unless substantive action is taken, urban poverty is expected to increase given that almost uniformly, populations in such areas are net buyers of food.


A non-woven fabric for a hemp insole and a functional insole made of the same are provided to obtain a non-woven fabric that achieves good wearing feelings and buffering effects. A non-woven fabric for a hemp insole is constituted by including a hemp non-woven fabric layer(120) on the upper surface of a lower non-woven fabric layer(110) having the shape of a sole that comes into contact with entire portion of a foot. The hemp non-woven fabric layer is made by mixing 10 to 20 weight% of polypropylene fiber, 20-30 weight% of polyester fiber and 50-70 weight% of hemp fiber. An active carbon urethane foam layer(130) is formed on the upper side of the hemp non-woven fabric layer to mitigate the shock by using an elastic material when a user walks or runs.


The linkage section engineering of YRDP is a key section of YRDP providing water for Taiyuan City,and the dispatching,operating and managing of the water-transmission line system is the focal point of the design.Through the connection of the computer control system with the flow control valve,service valve,exhaust valve,and drainage valve,etc.installed along the line,the auto-dispatching for the system with local operation is realized.


The soils under the foundation of building or within the slope are usually in complex initial stress state before subjected to cyclic loading induced by earthquake shaking or wave loading. The conventional laboratory experiments of soils cannot authentically reproduce dynamic behavior of soils under complex consolidation stress states. The soil static and dynamic universal triaxial and torsional shear apparatus recently developed in Dalian University of Technology is employed to perform experimental tests on Fujian standard sand with relative density of Dr=30 % under complex initial stress state subjected to cyclic torsional shear loading. Through a series of soil tests, the effects of both initial orientation of principal stress and the initial ratio of deviatoric stress on dynamic modulus and damping ratio of sand are investigated systematically.


Abstract : The Cross Command Collaboration Effort (3CE) was chartered to define and integrate common Live, Virtual, and Constructive (LVC) processes as well as a Modeling, Simulation, and Instrumentation (MS&I) environment to support design, development, experimentation, testing, and training of new capabilities and systems across all stages of the acquisition lifecycle. Over the past two years, 3CE systems engineers have developed a system engineering process that uses analytical measures of performance and data elements to derive the technical requirements for a modeling, simulation, and instrumentation (MS&I) environment. This methodology uses the DoDAF product set to document operational and systems functions that are subsequently translated into a simulation requirements specification. The final product of this 3CE system engineering process is the development of a structured methodology to compare and evaluate available MS&I tool capabilities against the analytically derived requirements. The process was tested and refined in order to increase responsiveness to M&S events such as the Spin Out IBCT LUT. Inefficiencies in the systems engineering process were identified and resolved, such as duplication of data elements derived from DoDAF operational and system views used to support the process. In addition, the analytical and systems engineering teams began using System Architect, a COTS tool, in order to streamline the development of operational and system view products and facilitate reuse for customer sponsored events. The refined process has recently been applied in an end-to-end fashion to define an MS&I environment to support the XM-25 counter-defilade target engagement system. This paper will describe the improved systems engineering process that responds quickly to event planning and execution. The paper will then describe the application of the methodology to complete the end-to-end systems engineering process.


Background: Glucocorticoids are representative agents in the anti-inflammatory treatment of allergic airway diseases. Although they reduce the number of tissue eosinophils, its exact mechanism has not been completely established. Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether dexamethasone modulates the adhesive property of eosinophils. The effect on the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules was also evaluated. Methods: Blood eosinophils from healthy subjects were incubated in the presence or absence of 0.1–1 µM of dexamethasone for 6 h at 37°C. Eosinophil chemotaxis and adhesion to paraformaldehyde-fixed human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (HPMEC) were then examined. The effects of dexamethasone on the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 on HPMEC were examined by cell ELISA. Results: 1 µM dexamethasone significantly inhibited the chemotactic response of eosinophils to 1 µM formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). On the other hand, dexamethasone did not modify either the spontaneous or FMLP-stimulated adhesion of eosinophils to resting HPMEC. Similarly, dexamethasone did not alter either the spontaneous adhesion of eosinophils to or the expression of VCAM-1 or ICAM-1 on HPMEC stimulated with IL-4 + TNF-α. Conclusion: Dexamethasone does not modify the adhesive property of eosinophils or the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells. Thus, it is unlikely that glucocorticoids directly modulate the adhesive interaction between eosinophils and endothelial cells.


The influenza vaccination programme will be expanded in the UK this winter to help reduce pressure on the NHS, the government has announced.

The programme will now include people aged 50 to 64 and all school year groups up to year 7. People who are on the shielded patient list and members of their household will also be offered the vaccine, as well as those aged under 2 with pre-existing conditions that put them at risk. Previously, the flu vaccine was routinely offered to people over 65, those in clinical risk groups, pregnant women, children aged 2 to 10, and healthcare workers.

In 2019-20, says Public Health England, 15 million people were vaccinated against flu. The …


The development of the world economy with a predominantly service-oriented focus transforms the understanding of the importance of the manufacturing sector within the framework of updating the high-tech trends. Declining in the scale of the global economic system, industrial production is of great importance in selected national economies, enabling them to develop their real sector, generating high added value and ensuring the sustainability and competitiveness of the relevant national economic model. As part of the development of ideas of industrial areas in economic science, this paper introduces the concept of "manufacturing divergence", as well as divergent "alpha-countries" and "omega-countries". The functioning of these countries is characterized by a significant deviation from the global average for the production component. There was developed a methodological approach to the study of differentiation of production development of national economies, which summarizes the grounds that indicate a high level of production in the national economy, and there were proposed indicators of the classification of national economies to "alphacountries". Through the application of calculating and analytical method of study and available analytical data there were revealed divergent "alpha countries", in some of them there was considered the specifics of individual production. Keyword — manufacturing; manufacturing divergence; gross domestic product; divergent «alpha-countries» и «omega-countries; high-tech manufacturing


For the first time an intrauterine infection (IUI) was created, that allows to investigate different aspects of this phenomenon, that was inaccessible by clinical investigations. IUI was realized on white not pedigree rats and was reached by leading into the bladder of E. coli suspension at first or second part of pregnancy. Scientific novelty of the elaboration is protected by the RF licence №2197750 "Method of IUI modeling on the urethra infection background". The presence of IUI model allows: 1) to analyse etiopathogenetic regularity of IUI origin; 2) to elaborate and approve treatment scheme, directed to increase the effecacy and safety of medicamental therapy.


Given the real-world applications of Stackelberg security games (SSGs), addressing uncertainties in these games is a major challenge. Two competitive approaches have been pursued by previous work on addressing uncertainties in SSGs, namely: (1) applying robust optimization techniques without requiring a prior distribution; and (2) using probabilistic models to capture uncertainties. In general, the decision of which approach to use is based on the availability of data. While the first approach suits data-sparse domains, the second approach works better for data-rich domains. My thesis will focus on addressing uncertainties in SSGs following these two leading approaches. In particular, with regards to robust methods, I attempt to develop new maximin/minimax regret-based robust algorithms for computing a defender's optimal strategy given uncertainties. I also aim to contribute to probabilistic modeling techniques by developing a new computational model of human decision making to capture the adversary's bounded rationality.


Based on the theory of social needs,comparison theory,set-point theory,this paper explores the impact of vacation tour on quality of life,and confirms the causality relationship between vacation tour and quality of life by the pretest-posttest experiment and by using the method of longitudinal study. The results show that the vacation tour is the reason for the improvement of the quality of life for the participants,and vacation tour can promote the quality of life of people,and vacation tourists have higher life satisfaction and happiness than non-vacation tourists. Finally,some suggestions are put forward.


The epidemic of poliomyelitis concerned was atypical in many respects. 1 Older children and young adults were chiefly stricken. Weakness of muscles associated with severe pain and other symptoms indicating involvement of the brain, posterior horns, nerve roots, nerves and muscles was common, whereas complete flaccid paralysis of even small muscle groups was rare. Convalescence of patients was often greatly prolonged, but ultimate recovery was usually complete. Recurring exacerbations with progression and change of symptoms and lesions occurred in some cases, culminating in a strange and painful disease or state, well designated by the descriptive term "encephalomeningoradiculitis with fibromyositis." The virus was readily demonstrated in the spinal cord 2 of patients who died of poliomyelitis during the epidemic but was demonstrated with difficulty in nasopharyngeal washings. 3 During a study of the epidemic in 1934 it was found that streptococci isolated from the nasopharynx, urine, stools, spinal fluid and spinal


Abstract:  In Italy, the "silent‐consent" principle of donor's willingness regulates organ donation for postmortem transplantation, but civil incompetence excludes it. We investigated decisional capacity for organ donation for transplantation of 30 controls and 30 nonincompetent patients with schizophrenia as related to clinical symptoms, cognition, and functioning. Assessments were carried out through the Competence for Donation Assessment Scale (CDAS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Life Skills Profile (LSP), Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Rey RI, Rey RD, and Visual Search. Patients and controls differed on the CDAS Understanding and Choice Expression areas. Patients showed significant inverse bivariate correlations between CDAS Understanding and scores on total BPRS, LSP self‐care scale, and RCPM cognitive test. Our results show that decisional capacity for participating in research does not predict decisional capacity for postmortem organ donation in patients with schizophrenic or schizoaffective psychosis; hence, before judging consent for donation, patients must be provided with enhanced information to better understand this delicate issue.


'This research is concerned with the water supply situation in Chelstone The study area Chelstone is about 7 krn east of the central business district of Lusaka. Chelstone Township like other urban areas in Lusaka ha* experienced an increase in population The expansion in population has led to an increased demand of water This has led to water rationing in Chelstone in order to cater for the different sections of the township, Some residents have resorted to sinking boreholes in order to ensure an adequate water supply.


Traditional evaluation techniques are often not suitable for studying health interventions operating in real-world settings, particularly when interventions operate through complex causal pathways. We describe a mixed methods design for evaluating an integrated home care and social support service targeting mature and older adults (55+ years) in Singapore. Here, nurses and community health workers visit patients' homes to address health and social needs while facilitating linkages to community-based services and providing caregiver support. Our mixed methods evaluation plan is composed of three components: quantitative comparison of hospital-based service utilization, cost-effectiveness analysis, and qualitative investigation into the experiences of patients, caregivers, and individuals who declined services. This article contributes a description of how cost-effectiveness analysis adds value when incorporated into mixed methods studies.


The generalized stochastic Petri net(GSPN) model for large scale Web service composition system with complex timing constraints is usually hard to understand. System performance is difficult to analyze because of the explosion of state apace. By associating different kinds of timing constraints to place, transition and arc respectively, an extended GSPN(EGSPN) model is presented to reflect such Web service composition system in a compact and comprehensible manner. Furthermore, to deal with the problem of lacking general reduction methods for GSPN and overcome the difficulty in preserving timing constraints in model reduction process, a set of reduction rules are presented to facilitate the model reduction of EGSPN for some model structures in common use. The model state space is decreased via model reduction. Examples show that the presented method provides an effective way to reduce complexity of initial model. It can be used to rapidly analyze performance of the most Web service composition systems.


AbstractWind chill temperature (WCT) is a measure of the human sensation of cold and also is a parameter used to represent the severity of winter weather. This study provides a unique investigation to quantify the spatial patterns of monthly mean, extreme, and severe WCTs across Canada and the United States. WCT was examined across 45 winters (December–February) spanning 1969/70–2013/14 using 156 surface locations reporting hourly meteorological conditions. Intraseasonal analyses of WCT showed that January had 1) the coldest mean WCTs, 2) the most extreme WCTs as statistically represented by the coldest 1% of the monthly WCT frequency distribution at each surface location, and 3) the greatest frequency of severe WCT hours that were ≤ −32°C. The most extreme WCTs were most often located in the Hudson Bay region of Canada, and north-central and northeastern North America experienced the largest monthly changes in WCT during the winter season. Results suggest that intraseasonal changes of air temperature are...


This paper provides a comprehensive description of futures and options markets. The similarities and differences of options and futures are showed. It describes how future markets and options have permitted multinational businesses and banks to manage the risks of adverse changes in commodity prices as well as unstable foreign exchange and interest rates. It makes the point that these tools could be used by developing countries to help stabilize export earnings, facilitate additional borrowings for inventories on pre-export financing of procedures, and attract external capital for new investments. The paper also outlines the principles of hedging using futures and options contracts; and finally new possible directions for international commodity policy are discussed.


Fatigue impacts the life of all components subject to alternating loads, including lube oil injection quills. These occurrences are more frequent if a defect (initial flaw) nucleates in the component due to corrosion, high stress, machining imperfections, etc. The design of components undergoing high fluctuating pressures needs advanced technologies, like autofrettage, and design methods, like FEM or fracture mechanics. This component can be identified as a cylinder with different outside diameters and notches deriving from the geometry variation and threaded connection. The inner diameter is the most stressed area and will require an adequate stress analysis. A sensitivity analysis of the autofrettage pressure can be performed to identify the most appropriate residual stresses on the inner diameter and to obtain a threshold defect larger than the minimum detectable. Fracture mechanics allows the analysis the propagation of an initial defect with materials having different properties and considering different autofrettage pressures. Finite Element Analysis is used to validate the residual stresses predicted by calculation for each autofrettage pressure. An optimized solution of the hypercompressor injection quill can be designed.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


The design plan, system structure, overall objective, monitoring projects, data acquisition, data quiries and alaming function of the remote vibration monitoring system for the Zhengzhou Yellow River Bridge are introduced. Operational results show that: The remote vibration monitoring system guarantees normal and stable performance, credible monitoring results and easy and convenient data querying; the whole monitoring system is made flexible and changeable so that the working parameters can be remotely set and the monitoring contents and functions can be changed and extended to a certain extent; the monitoring data can be analyzed online, the working conditions of the system can be remotely diagnosed, the system can be reset by itself when hanging up and nobody is needed to be on duty on site. Since the system was put into operation, the management department of the Bridge can see and control the lateral vibration at midspans of all girders on upline and 18 girders on downline at any time. Corresponding technical and managerial measures can be taken in time if any problems occur. Now, the system is playing an important role in decision-making of operation, management and maintenance of the Bridge, and it contributes a lot to ensuring the safety of the trains running on the Bridge and the structure of the Bridge itself.


The goal is to analyse the effect of climatic factors on the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in three adjacent, high-incidence regions of the Czech Republic (CZ) that differed considerably in the baseline incidence and in the timing of high incidence period. The basis for the analysis were the meteorological data from a 30-year database (1982-2011) of daily air temperature and precipitation measurements and time-matched reports of TBE cases defined by the onset of symptoms. A semi-parametric Poisson regression model revealed a statistically significant relationship between the average daily ambient air temperature and incidence of TBE. The shapes of the dependence were similar in all three regions under study. The analysis of the available data did not show a statistically significant relationship between the precipitation amount and incidence of TBE. Other statistically significant predictors were the trend over calendar years, monthly seasonality and trendseasonality interaction (the shape of the monthly seasonality varies over years), and day of week. The climate changes had differentiated effects on TBE increase depending on the local environmental conditions as can be illustrated by the variations between the three regions not only in the TBE incidence level but also in the shape of the trend over years. Correspondence to: Marek Malý, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, 100 42 Prague 10, Czech Republic, Tel: +42


The present invention pertains to a detergent composition intended for textile products, which contains component (A) and component (B). Component (A): Internal olefin sulfonates having 15-24 carbon atoms, including internal olefin sulfonates having 15-24 carbon atoms, in which a sulfonic group is present at position 5 or at a higher position; and Component (B): A nonionic surfactant having an HLB value higher than 10.5 but not higher than 19.


Objective To establish a method for the determination of residual zearalenone in coicis semen,wheat germ and mung bean.Methods Samples were extracted by 90%(v/v)acetonitrile and purified by immunoaffinity column.Zearalenone was analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection.The positive samples was confirmed by LC-MS-MS.Results The linear range of zearalenone was 125~3 750 pg(r=0.999 9),the average recovery was 96.6%~114.7%.Conclusion The method was reproducible,sensitive and accurate for the determination of residual zearalenone in coicis semen,wheat germ and mung bean.


Ferroelectric perovskite Pb(Ta0.05Zr0.48Ti0.47)O3 thin-film capacitors having LaxSr1−xCoO3 bottom and top electrodes have been prepared on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si(001) substrates by pulsed-laser deposition. It is found that La0.25Sr0.75CoO3 bottom electrodes with cubic structure strongly promote the formation of (001) texture of PTZT films and improve the fatigue and retention properties of the capacitors. The polarization of the La0.25Sr0.75CoO3/Pb(Ta0.05Zr0.48Ti0.47)O3/La0.25Sr0.75CoO3 capacitors with a Pb(Ta0.05Zr0.48Ti0.47)O3 thickness of 400 nm were subjected to no degradation after 1×1010 switching cycles at an applied voltage 5 V with a frequency of 1 MHz. The capacitor retains more than 92.6% of its polarization after a retention time up to 105 s. The possible microstructural background responsible for the excellent fatigue and retention properties was discussed.


The main purpose of the article is to examine the compounds between economic results of agricultural
holdings and their impact on the environment. The research was conducted on a group of 23 EU countries
that have been members since at least 2004. The time scope of the analyses concerns the years 2004-2015.
The study uses regression analysis based on panel data. It was found that the more favorable economic
situation of the surveyed group of agricultural holdings is accompanied by a stronger negative impact on
the environment. The strongest relative environmental impact (from the perspective of material pressure on
the environment) was recorded for investments.


Before studying the changes griseofulvin induces in Trichophyton organisms, it was necessary to define the normal fine structure of the fungus. No previous study of sections of these organisms has appeared. The preliminary report by Laden and Erickson 10 of the internal structure of Epidermophyton floccosum is the only study of its type with a dermatophyte. Several workers have attempted to visualize fungi in the electron microscope without sectioning the organisms, but these reports demonstrated little that could not be seen with a light microscope. 9,11,14,19 In ultrathin sections it was noted that algae (Allomyces) contain many of the most prominent intracellular structures described in animal cells, such as mitochondria with the classical mitochondrial membrane and cristae, as well as an organized cell nucleus with a double-structured nuclear membrane. 22,23 No typical ergastoplasm, however, was found in these aquatic phycomycetes. The most recent studies of bacteria reveal a thin cytoplasmic


Lasse Gammelgaard: "Udspring og fald i Alison Bechdels grafiske erindringsvaerk: Fun Home. A Family Tragicomic " Abstract Lasse Gammelgaard: "Coming Out and Falling Down: Alison Bechdel's Graphic Memoir Fun Home. A Family Tragicomic " Alison Bechdel's Fun Home. A Family Tragicomic is a graphic memoir about the author's own coming-out story and her father's homosexuality and (probable) suicide. It endeavors to give an accurate account of the past, but the telling is simultaneously replete with fictionalising elements. This article probes that oscillation and describes some of the salient verbal-visual-contingent stylistic features and potentialities, which emerge as a consequence of the work's multimodality.


This paper focuses on the achievable rate optimization of relay-assisted millimeter wave (mmWave) Device-to-Device (D2D) communication systems. In the system, full-duplex relays with multiple antennas are deployed to improve the performance of data transmission between D2D users. In addition, the source node can wirelessly harvest the energy from relays for D2D data transmission through wireless energy transfer (WET). With respect to the proposed system, the closed-form expressions of both the achievable rate and harvested energy are derived. Based on those expressions, the impact of pilot sequences on WET and information transmission are analyzed. A novel scheme is proposed to determine the optimal pilot sequence that can maximize the system achievable rate. Simulation results confirm the accuracy and optimality of the proposed scheme.


Cistus ladanifer seems to be a promising species in phytoremediation procedures in the Mediterranean region and is also an interesting model species for the study of the process of colonisation of metalliferous areas by plants. Within this framework, and with the aim of improving the knowledge about Cistus ladanifer and its relationships with metals, we have developed a series of investigations using populations sampled from nearly the entire distribution area, in order to deal with the following topics: - In order to infer the effects of the metals on the genetics of the species, it is first of all essential to understand the interplay of processes that creates its phylogeography, or genetic landscape. Using neutral maternally-inherited markers (cpSSRs) we inferred the phylogeography of Cistus ladanifer (Chapter 2). - Then we integrated the soil type (metalliferous or non-metalliferous) and the phylogeographic information in a population-genetics approach to the tolerance of Cistus ladanifer to metals: are the metallicolous populations mono- or polyphyletic? Is the colonisation of metalliferous areas accompanied by a reduction in genetic diversity? (Chapter 3). - A species range is not homogeneous, but it is often subdivided in into genetic subgroups. If metallicolous populations have evolved independently within different subgroups, it is interesting to infer whether the parallel evolution resulted in similar or different strategies of tolerance (exclusion, accumulation?). We assessed this theme, within the framework provided by cpSSR, through the analysis of field-collected soils and C. ladanifer leaves (Chapter 4) and through hydroponic-based experiments of tolerance to Co, Ni and Zn (Chapter 5). - As a basis for future research, the identification of markers potentially linked to tolerance to metalliferous soils is especially needed in non-model plants such as C. ladanifer. We address this topic applying generalized estimating equations (GEE) to AFLP markers and data of total metal contents in soils (Chapter 6). We also compared the information on population genetics provided by AFLP markers (from nuclear DNA) and cpSSRs.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to obtain a better understanding of the extent to which lean production permeates manufacturing companies in Malaysia by drawing on supply chain management (SCM) managers' or production managers' perception of lean production practices and level of performances in the industry.Design/methodology/approach – The instrument used in this study is a structured survey questionnaire consisting of two major parts. The first part comprises several variables measuring lean production practices, and the second part consists of several performance measurements. Sample companies are chosen from Malaysian manufacturing companies listed in the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers directory. From the 300 companies sampled, 200 responses were completed, representing a 67 per cent response rate.Findings – The results support the conceptual model, demonstrating strong association between lean production, product quality performance, and business performance. The structural equation mo...


Bulk and surface waves are strongly coupled at a corrugated surface. Experiments have demonstrated transduction losses of less than 1dB and bandwidths of 20%. Methods of implementation at high frequencies are discussed.


This article assesses three recently published books on various aspects of Afghanistan:- - A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan by Artemy M. Kalinovsky, an assistant professor of history at the University of Amsterdam; -The Wrong War: Grit, Strategy, and the Way Out of Afghanistan by Francis J. West, a US Marine combat veteran; -Vulcan's Tale: How the Bush Administration Mismanaged the Reconstruction of Afghanistan. by Dov S. Zakheim, a US Government official; The background and training of these authors largely shape their viewpoints. However a careful reading of their books can sharpen our understanding of how the Soviet and US wars resembled and differed from each other, particularly with respect to nation-building, decision making, use of technology, and conflict termination. For the Russians, the similarities outweigh the differences, but there are still Americans who want to prove that they can win a war that the Soviets lost. From their perspective, the differences between the wars outweigh the similarities. The international context is completely different, the US has spent fifty times more money than the Russians and has deployed far more most sophisticated technology. Equally important, the outcome of the end-game is, as yet, unknown. But to most Afghans, comparisons are pointless; the Soviets and Americans both equally deserve to be labelled imperialists.


We apply the flow equation method for studying the current-current response function of electron systems with the pairing instability. To illustrate the specific scheme in which the flow equation procedure determines the two-particle Green's functions we reproduce the standard response kernel of the BCS superconductor. We next generalize this non-perturbative treatment considering the pairing field fluctuations. Our study indicates that the residual diamagnetic behavior detected above the transition temperature in the cuprate superconductors can originate from the noncondensed preformed pairs.


In this scientific research is approached the real multiple offences, as well as its qualification rules. Its characteristic features are outlined. A distinction is made between the real multiple offences and some forms of the single offense. It is shown that in the case of the multiple offences with a etiological connection, the initial action (inaction) (committed in order to facilitate the commission of another offence) constitutes in itself a distinct offence, reason for which, in this situation we are in the presence of a multiple offences, but not of a complex offence. When qualifying a single (complex) offense, the rules of the multiple offences cannot be applied at the same time. The rules on multiple offences may be applied only if, in addition to the complex offense, an additional offense is committed.


@cogdog Thx for the share I often need to be reminded that @gvc3casale is one of my favorite bass players, love anyone who sees bass


IntroductionSailing is demanding, from the beginner level to great performance level, permanent adaption to new situations created by the aquatic environment, by working with a device (boat) which is constantly influenced by environmental factors, and by the oponents actions in competition or other craft in a traffic area in terms of recreational sailing. We found that M., Golu define intelligence as "the ability to establish relationships between objects, phenomena and events as diverse as possible"[1].C. Peterson states about intelligence that "when we act we show our intelligence as an adaptation, confronting and overcoming challenges that arise at a time."[2], S., Ceci cosider that "schooling fosters the development of cognitive processes that underpin performance on most IQ tests" "[3]. Regarding attention J., Delay and P., Pichot, cited by M., Zlate considers attention as "the active aspect of selective perception, which consists of individual preparation and orientation to the perception of a particular stimulus"[4]. A., Cosmovici states that "attention consist in focus of mental cognitive orientation on an object or phenomenon"[5]. We can say that during sailing attention is the one that can determine the collection of information from the environment which are immediately cognitive processed based on intelligence. From these statements we believe that the higher level of intelligence can increase the technical level of Ypton 22 sailing boat handling.Based on research premises we formulated the following hypothese:- Subjects with a high level of intelligence will record upper technique results;Paper purpousThe paper`s purpose was to investigate if intelligence has influence on beginners learning of sailing at 20 years old university students.MethodsIn this study subjects were selected from among the students of the first year of specialization: navigation, electromechanical and electrotechnics; these subjects never sail before with sailing boats. The number of students selected was 18, all boys aged between 20 and 22 years. Were used two boats Ypton 22 with teams of three (one skipper and two crew) due to the use spinnaker. Subjects were measured anthropometric (body weight and height) and tested by a clinical psychologist to determine their level of intelligence and attention. Height was estimated with an error of 0.5cm. And body weight was measured using a calibrated electronic scale (Beurer GS27, China), with an error of 0.1 kg. To assess weight subjects were dressed lightly. After these test subjects were divided into teams. In the skipper position were assigned the subjects with the highest values of intelligence, the crew members were distribuited randomly.Evaluation of the subjects included in this study was conducted in four stages. In the experiment beginning part were conducted anthropometrical measurements, psychological testing with Raven Progresive Matrices test for intelligence and Prague test for attention, this testing session was noted as "T1". After this testing session the subjects were trained for 2 weeks in 2 theoretical and 4 practical sailing clases. The purpose of this stage was to establish a minimum of knowledge about sailing in order to test the sailing boat manuverability skils of each subject and team. After this 2 weeks subjects were tested again to determin their IQ, attention level and boat handling ability, this testing session was noted as "T2". Sailing training and theoretical clases were sustained for another 14 weeks period. After seven weeks of training subjects were tested again (as in T2), this testing session was noted as "T3". After the 14th week the subjects were tested for the last time (as in T2), this final testing session was noted as "T4". Subjects were psychologically tested at each testing session to determine if intelligence is increased or decreased during sailing training period. As sailing training sessions involved a lot of theoretical informations and practical training exercises it would be possible to affect in a positive way the student`s IQ level. …


As a marked linguistic sign,code-switching is widespread in spoken or written forms of all languages,thus it should be taken special attention in translation so that the target readers can feel the same with the original readers. Sons and Lovers written by Lawrence D. H.,in which code-switching is used a lot in the characters' dialogues,has attracted much attention in literary circle throughout the world. From the perspective of Morris' theory of three meaning,dialogues between the couple in the source language by Lawrence are well explored and we can see from its Chinese version translated by Chen Liangting and Liu Wenlan that form and content are both important while translating code-switching,and marked linguistic signs would lose their marked features when form is sacrificed for content in translation. However,due to the huge differences between English and Chinese in linguistic and cultural aspects,the form in the source language can often hardly keep intact in the target language.


Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education has become a popular academic model in recent years.Engineering education has been emphasized in the Next Generation of Science Standards (NGSS). A lack of career guidance hasbecome a common problem in engineering education. Hence, it is pertinent to investigate how students understand the career inengineering so that their interests and abilities can be developed strategically. In this study, a drawing analysis method was adoptedto investigate students' perceptions of engineering in an elementary school in Beijing. ADraw an Engineer Test(DAET) wasconducted to 512 students from 15 classes in grades two to six. Our findings reveal that many students held a narrow view of acareer in engineering. For example, younger students typically believed that engineers work in construction sites, whereas olderstudents typically regarded engineers as designers or technicians. There were significant differences in the perception of engineeringamong students in different grades and different gender a. We also found that experiences in life and social networks, but notteaching in school, were most frequently used channels for students to understand engineering.


In the field of 18F-chemistry for the development of radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET), various labeling strategies by the use of prosthetic groups have been implemented, including chemoselective 18F-labeling of biomolecules. Among those, chemoselective 18F-fluoroglycosylation methods focus on the sweetening of pharmaceutical radiochemistry by offering a highly valuable tool for the synthesis of 18F-glycoconjugates with suitable in vivo properties for PET imaging studies. A previous review covered the various 18F-fluoroglycosylation methods that were developed and applied as of 2014 (Maschauer and Prante, BioMed. Res. Int. 2014, 214748). This paper is an updated review, providing the recent progress in 18F-fluoroglycosylation reactions and the preclinical application of 18F-glycoconjugates, including small molecules, peptides, and high-molecular-weight proteins.


Summary Treatment of trypsin with chlorambucil in the absence of calcium ion results in an enzyme incapable of hydrolyzing p-toluene-sulfonyl-l-arginine methyl ester. Similar treatment of trypsinogen destroys potential tryptic activity. Calcium ion affects a protective influence on the enzyme and zymogen in the presence of chlorambucil by maintaining the enzymic activity of trypsin, and by preserving much of the potential activity of the zymogen. It is suggested that chlorambucil may affect physiological activity by reacting, in part, with the primary carboxyl binding site in trypsin and trypsinogen.


Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), technology began in the mid 1980's with single frequency devices. These devices focused on the study of fat and fat free mass. Since then there have been many significant developments and technological advancements. Multifrequency devices are now common place, from two frequency to Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy (BIS) devices offering up to 100 potential frequencies. We can now gain further insight of the body, particularly hydration status and fluid shifts. This advancement has many implications for the medical profession.


The present invention refers to non-ferrous alloy, especially multi-element Cu alloy contg. Cu, Zn, Al, Si, Mn, Sn, Co, Be and rare-earth, etc. It is applicable for making wear-resistant spare parts of rolling mill, e.g. universal coupling liner, lift nut, etc. The service life of the lift nut of large scale rolling mill made of the wear-resistant Cu alloy of the present invention is increased about 8 times, as compared with that of ZQALLO-4-4 Al-bronze. The service life of the universal coupling liner made of the wear-resistant Cu alloy of the present invention is increased 3-6 times, as compared with that of original Al-bronze. It is thus a good quality wear-resistant material for rolling mill spare parts.


Experimental research and simulation calculation of flash process for DME-CO2-CH3OH-H2O system are performed.The results show that the outlet pipe orifice is suitable to make feed liquid atomized,so that equilibrium between gas and liquid phase can quickly reach.Considering the characteristics of wide-boiling range and non-ideal in liquid phase,the proper iterated sequence and equations are introduced and adopted.The calculation values coincide well with experimental measurements and the absolute value of maximum relative error is less than 18.5%.The model calculation indicates that the appropriate operating conditions are pressure not more than 0.3 MPa and temperature,50℃ or so in order to make DME loss reduced.


Abstract The results of Orihara [10] and Malliavin2 [7] on the asymptotic behaviour in polar coordinates of Brownian motion on a symmetric space of non-compact type are obtained by means of a skew product representation on K/M x A+ of the Brownian motion on the set of regular points of X. Results of Norris, Rogers, and Williams [9] are interpreted in this context.


In this study, 2-arylhydrazone-3-ketiminobutyronitriles were synthesised and reacted with hydrazine hydrate to afford 5-amino-4-arylazo-3-methyl-1H-pyrazoles. These compounds were then diazotised and coupled with malononitrile to give pyrazolylazomalononitriles. Thirteen novel pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine dyes were synthesised by heating pyrazolylazomalononitriles in glacial acetic acid and characterised by elemental analysis and spectral methods. The effect of varying pH and solvent upon the absorption ability of the dyes substituted with electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups at their o-, m- and p-position was examined in detail.


One of the important factors in ensuring the correct functionality of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is the reliability of the software running on individual sensor nodes. Research has shown that path-sensitive static analysis is effective for bug detection and fault diagnosis; however, path-sensitive analysis is prohibitively expensive when applied to a WSN application due to the large state space caused by arbitrary interrupt preemptions. In this paper, we propose a new execution model called lazy preemption that reduces this state space by restricting interrupt handlers to a set of predetermined preemption points, if possible. This execution model allows us to represent the program with an inter-interrupt control flow graph (IICFG), which is easier to analyze than the original CFGs with arbitrary interrupt preemptions.


Research on gallbladder diseases, whether in basic pathogenesis or clinical treatment, has been continuing and developing. Currently, gallbladderpreserving lithotripsy has attracted considerable attention in the treatment of cholecystolithiasis in China. In recent years, Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Gallbladder-Preserving Surgery (CGPS) has become more and more mature. However, the recurrence rate of gallstones after CGPS has been an urgent question that requires careful investigation. This article reviews the progress in postoperative recurrence of gallbladder diseases treated with gall bladder preservation surgery.


With the development of the Internet,network marketing has become an important component of marketing.This thesis analyzes the methods and characteristics of network marketing,analyzes how the network marketing influence on the content and methods of marketing.


This technical note presents a convenient modeling/design procedure for a class horizontal setback building to minimize the adverse effect of in-plane floor flexibility. Existence of such a class requires proportional eigenvalue problems of all the constituting frames regardless of the floor properties. For L, T, + etc. shape of buildings, the eigenvalue problem (of the frames) along two orthogonal directions need not be proportional. Moreover, the presence of a nonrectangular joint region theoretically precludes the existence of such a class. A step-by-step proportioning procedure, in the presence of a nonrectangular joint region, is outlined such that (1) "nearly" rigid floor modes exist, and (2) participation of the flexible floor modes under spatially uniform ground motion is close to zero.


Abstract : The purpose of this document is to make two points about the effect of the number of bootstrap simulations, B, on percentile-t bootstrap confidence intervals. The first point concerns coverage probability; the second, distance of the simulated critical point form the true critical point derived with B=infinity. In both cases the author has in mind applications to smooth statistics, such as the Studentized mean of a sample drawn from a continuous distribution. He indicates the change that have to be made if the distribution of the statistic is not smooth. Additional keywords: Exponentive functions.


Theoretical studies of the gas-phase elimination kinetics of title compounds were performed by using "ab initio" methods at MP2/6-31G, MP2/6-31G(d,p) and ONIOM [MP2/6-31G (d,p) // MP2/6-31G]. Ethyl Oxamate and ethyl oxanilate undergo a rapid decarbonylation to give the corresponding carbamates. These intermediates proceed to a parallel decomposition to give the corresponding unstable carbamic acid and ethylene through six-membered cyclic transition state (path 1) and isocyanate and ethanol through a four-membered cyclic transition state (path 2). Ethyl N,N-dimethyloxamate elimination reaction yields in one step, through a six-membered cyclic transition state, dimethyl oxamic acid and ethylene gas. The calculated bond orders, NBO charges and synchronicity indicate that these reactions are concerted and slightly asynchronous. The estimated kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are in good agreement with the reported experimental values. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract Even though a lattice and its sublattices have the same group of coincidence isometries, the coincidence index of a coincidence isometry with respect to a lattice Λ1 and to a sublattice Λ2 may differ. Here, we examine the coloring of Λ1 induced by Λ2 to identify how the coincidence indices with respect to Λ1 and to Λ2 are related. This leads to a generalization of the notion of color symmetries of lattices to what we call color coincidences of lattices. Examples involving the cubic and hypercubic lattices are given to illustrate these ideas.


Adopting modal response spectrum method,calculate the earthquake action effect about high and low bays columns of few few walls SRC frame structure of main powerhouse in thermal power plant considering higher mode under horizontal bi-direction earthquake in 8 degrees district,then investigate the modal participating mass ratios,and determine the necessary reasonable modal number.Considering the effect of higher modal adequately,calculate and compare the earthquake action effect selecting different modal number,and determine shear adjustment coefficient,then analyse the effect for under different site category.


Carbon fiber(CF) reinforced flexible composites had a wide range of applications. However, the interfacial adhesion of composites was weak as a result of the smooth and chemically inert CF surface. To settle this issue, this paper described a method to enhance the specific surface area, roughness and wettability of the CF surface by in situ growing Cobalt‐based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐67) nanocrystals and CF reinforced waterborne polyurethane (WPU) composites were prepared by a simple casting method. Scanning electron microscopy clearly revealed uniformly grown ZIF‐67 nanoarrays with distinct morphology on the CF surface. As a result, the CF@ZIF‐3 electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical property, with specific capacitance reaching 368.2 mF/cm2. The reinforcing effect of ZIF‐67 with different morphology was further verified through transverse fiber bundle tension test and shear bonding strength measurements, showing improvements of 51.9 and 72.1% respectively, in comparison to the CF/WPU composites due to the unique structure of the ZIF‐67 nanocrystals acted as buffer area, effectively relieving stress concentration and altering the direction of crack propagation. As a result, the interfacial properties of the composites were enhanced. Moreover, tensile and tear strengths of CF@ZIF/WPU composites showed remarkable improvement compared to CF/WPU composites. This study presented a potential reinforcement strategy for achieving high‐performance CF/WPU composites.
ZIF‐67 with different morphologies were grown in situ on the CF surface.
CF@ZIF electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical property.
ZIF‐67 interface layer improved interfacial properties of composites.
The tensile strength of the composites improved after ZIF‐67 modification.
Introduction of ZIF‐67 enhanced the tear strength of composites.


Gonadoblastomas are rare gonadal tumors, arising from a dysgenetic gonad with a Y chromosome. These tumors may manifest as dysgerminomas and if not appropriately managed can lead to disastrous consequences. 24 year female reported with lump in abdomen and abdominal pain on and off since 6 months and primary amenorrhoea. She underwent laparotomy with removal of an abdominal mass at a hospital 2 years back for similar complaints. Histopathology report of the mass read 'Dysgerminoma/Seminoma with both male and female elements'. Thereafter, patient was referred to a higher oncology centre for further management. 2 years hence she reported to us without any follow up in oncology centre as advised. On clinical and CT examination a diagnosis of recurrent tumor mass was made. Laparotomy revealed a non-resectable mass, whose biopsy report was Dysgerminoma. Patient was put on BEP regime. Second look laparotomy showed a significantly regressed necrotic mass with no evidence of residual malignancy. Till date she has shown no sign of recurrence of disease. Patients with dysgenetic gonads should be investigated judiciously and appropriately managed.


In Der Weltensammler (2006), the policultural German author Ilija Trojanow assumes a critical perspective towards cultural assimilation. Processes of cultural assimilation in heterogeneous social systems lead to conflicting claims of inclusion. The individual can only evade these contradictory claims by adjusting his role and identity to suit different cultural groups. Trojanow's novel exemplifies that identity-stressing transitions risk the disintegration of the self. Enculturation will fail if either the source or the target society culturally defines itself by hedging off presumed aliens. However, Trojanow also shows how an empathic merger into a foreign culture could lead to a new identity, whatever the assimilation pressure and the risk of becoming a castaway.


This paper presents an analysis of wind tunnel experiments on depressed roadways and the development of a semi-empirical Gaussian dispersion model that captures the essential effects of depressed roadways on the flow field and dispersion of roadway-emitted pollutants. Four different configurations of depressed roadways are studied: a 6 m deep depressed roadway with vertical sidewalls (case 1), a 6 m deep depressed roadway with 30° sloping sidewalls (case 2), a 9 m deep depressed roadway with vertical sidewalls (case 3), and a 6 m deep depressed roadway with 30° sloping sidewalls with presence of two 6 m solid barriers on top of the road (case 4). All configurations change the flow field and decrease concentrations downwind of the road compared to the flat terrain case; however, the degree to which each case alters the flow field and decreases concentrations depends on how complex the configuration is. For example, the highest concentration reduction is observed in case 4. A model is developed to estimate the surface concentrations downwind of the road for the aforementioned cases. The Depressed Road Model is based on the following principles: 1) the depressed roadway increases initial mixing height, 2) assuming the same depth for two roads, the initial mixing height is larger for the road with steeper sidewalls, 3) adding barriers increases the initial mixing height, and 4) the depressed road increases the rate of increase of dilution. However, initial mixing height does not increase linearly with the road depression. This model performs well in predicting surface concentrations downwind of the depressed roads. The model also predicts the surface concentration ratios of different cases reasonably well.


Equilibrium geometries and relative stability of possible isomers for C 80 O and C 80 O 2 have been studied using the AMI method. The most stable geometry for C 80 O has been found to be 1,2-C 80 O when the oxygen atom is added to the 6/5 bond. The most stable geometry for C 80 O 2 is 1,2,14,15-C 80 O 2 with an epoxide structure at the C(1)-C(2) bond. UV-vis and IR spectra for the isomers of C 80 O n (n=1,2) have been investigated using the INDO/CIS and AM1 methods. First absorptions in the electronic spectra and strongest absorptions in the IR spectra are blue-shifted in the order C 80 (I h ), 1,2-C 80 O and 1,2,14,15-C 80 O 2 as the LUMO-HOMO energy gap increases and the conjugated system gets stabilized. Also, the C-C bonds are strengthened owing to the addition of the oxygen atoms.


SUMMARY We present the case of 52 year old women who had a three year history of severe itching and pain in vulva, for which she used several topical treatments such as corticosteroids and talc to soothe the itching. The histopathology study revealed two patterns of infiltration, the first, a lichenoid infiltrate with atrophy of the epidermis consistent with vulvar erosive lichen planus, and the second, a deep infiltrate organized in granulomas without caseous necrosis, with multiple foreign body giant cells and a crystalline material inside, which in polarized light microscopy revealed itself as bright birefringent spicules, compatible with silica. We present this case as the first description of an association between vulvar erosive lichen planus and silica granuloma.


Abstract Habitat conservation planning for migrating and wintering waterfowl is typically based on the estimated foraging needs of populations occurring in areas during these non-breeding periods. However, several factors limit the value of historic population data collected by wildlife agencies in the Midwest region. Survey protocols lack standardization and a statistically-based sampling framework, and the financial burden of surveys often falls on individual agencies, sometimes precluding annual completion during times of limited budgets. Environmental factors and human disturbance are thought to affect distribution of waterfowl during migration, yet these parameters have rarely been included in survey design, impeding efficient assessment of key population influences. Fortunately the importance of monitoring to achieve effective bird conservation has been elevated in recent years. In the Midwest, topical scientific forums regarding bird monitoring have resulted in development of new working groups and...


Halogenated ethylenes are important compounds in many areas of chemistry. The physical and chemical properties of these neutral compounds have already been the subject of thorough investigations. They are also ideal compounds for the study of the dynamics of molecular ions and cluster ions by mass spectrometry and photoelectron spectroscopy and for the analysis of the influence of the substituant polarizability on their decay channels.


A presentation of the nine major systematic Protestant theologies that dominated the 1960's. Summaries of each position are logically drawn and treated as living options before being critically examined. The first section of the book looks at theologians who are explicit in their philosophical commitment. The second treats those who seek in revelation an alternative to dependence on philosophy. In the third section, the author evaluates the existential mode of thought and those who espouse it. Originally published by the Westminster Press in 1962.


The utility model relates to pearl fibre seamless corseting underwear, belonging to the technical field of health care seamless underwear. The underwear comprises an underwear body. The outer layer of a corseting part of the underwear body is adopted with ribwork by taking pearl yarn as the raw material. The inner layer of the corseting part of the underwear body is adopted with pilestitch by taking the pearl yarn as the raw material. The middle layer of the corseting part of the underwear body is adopted with covering yarn. According to the pearl fibre seamless corseting underwear disclosed by the utility model, the belly part and the waist part of the underwear have good elasticity and elastic resilience; the contractile property is embodied; the inner layer of the corseting part is the pilestitch with the pearl yarn so that a purpose of increasing the contact area between the pearl fibre and belly skin is achieved; moisturizing and far infrared functions of the pearl fibre on belly and waist skin can be played sufficiently; and the belly and waist corseting function is embodied.


Presents research on studying of influence of the seeding rate on field germination, plant stand density and productivity of vegetable crops, given the economic efficiency of the studied methods. The optimum seeding rate of vegetable seeds was established that enhance the productivity of plants in the northern forest. The objectives of the research were to study the effect of seeding rate on plant density and yield of vegetable crops, the definition of energy and economic efficiency. Experimental design tab and holding them carried out by conventional methods. To solve the purpose of the experiments carried out, the following observations and research. Sowing qualities of seeds was determined by the method of StSt R 52171-2003. Phenological observations and biometric measurements were performed at a recommended procedure. Cost-effectiveness of the experimental results was calculated by the recommended procedure. Statistical processing of data was performed by analysis of variance. It is established that at the application rate of viable seeds of beans 300-350 pcs/ha field germination rate amounted to 91-92 %, yield were 2-21.4 t/ha; radish 350-400 pcs/ha 76-78 %, 43.2-43.0 t/ha; onion 1000-1150 pcs/ha 83-84 %, 26.7-27.7 t/ha; soy 350-400 pcs/ha 88-94 %, to 13.9-14.2 t/ha increased seeding rate is not effective enough, and the reduction reduces the productivity of vegetable crops. The recommended seeding rates increase the content of dry matter, protein, vitamin C, sugar, lower content of nitrates. Profits from the sale of green beans amounted to 148 thousand rubles/ha, costs 1 ton 3005 rubles, the level of profitability 23.8 %; radish 75.2 thousand rubles, 2275 rubles, 75.8 %; onion 190.6 thousand rubles, 4989 rubles, 137.3 %; soybean 89.2 thousand rubles, 3718 rubles, 168.9 %.


The introduction of information and communication technologies in the modern educational process at all levels is widespread in the world. The algorithm of successful e-learning, peculiarities of using online formats as one of the ways of educational resource of foreign language teaching, criteria of platforms, and applications selection constitute the study's relevance and its main goal. The author proposes a methodology of teaching a foreign language based on the use of technical means of information and communication technologies, its methodologically secured system of electronic ways of monitoring, control, evaluation, and the classification of online tools aimed at building the educational process. The described analysis of the foreign language teaching process based on the application of information and communication technologies is of scientific and pedagogical interest from educational information transmission in a non-linear format. The results obtained in the study can be useful for teachers in the implementation of the general management of cognitive activity of students, in communicative and advisory activities, holding mono-courses or collective projects developed by educational organizations.


Purpose of this paper The aim of this paper is to determine the amount of time construction management students spend engaged in paid work and study during semester time. Past research has shown that working long hours has a negative effect on the study patterns of undergraduate students. Design/methodology/approach Students responded to a questionnaire on the nature of their paid work while enrolled in full-time study in a sample of universities across Australia. Findings The results showed that students are working on average 18 hours per week during semester time. The results indicate that students in their first two years tend to undertake casual work that is not related to their degree. However, this pattern changes in the later two years of the course, where students switch to roles in construction that do relate to their coursework. The students start working on average 15 hours in the first year of their degree, and the time spent rises to 23 hours in their fourth year. Practical implications Past research suggests that students may be working to an extent beyond what is considered beneficial to their studies. The implications of the amount of time working and the type of work are discussed. Originality/value of paper The long-term impact of high levels of work and study on construction students are unknown. The paper concludes by suggesting that universities need a greater awareness of the impact of paid employment on engagement with their learning.


In this Master Thesis we discuss the inverse problem of determining the material parameters from measurements of the acoustic scattered field from an object under investigation. Firstly a numerical method is checked and improved in order to calculate the total field as a result of an incoming field scattered by a material contrast in a medium. Secondly, this total field and the incoming field are used for tackling the inverse problem. Three different methods are employed, viz., the SAFT, the Born approximation and finally a modification to this Born approximation in which quasistretched coordinates are used. The results of SAFT and the non-stretched Born approximation were as expected. The results of the quasi-stretched modification gives expectations for good results for further research into stretched coordinates.


The silver nanoparticles have great attention for researchers who wish to use them for development of new generation nano devices. In this present study silver nanoparticles were synthesized from aqueous silver nitrate (0.001mM) through a simple and ecofriendly route using leaf extract of Citrus reticulate as reducing agent and stabilizer. The aqueous silver ions when exposed to leaf extract were reduced and resulted in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles ranges from 44.0 to 54.1 nm. The bio-reduced silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.


The 1992 annual meeting of the History of Science Society was held in the Capital Hilton in Washington, D.C., from 27 to 30 December. This was a joint meeting with the American Historical Association, conveniently located just beyond easy walking distance about two rainy miles to the north. The American Philosophical Association was also in town, and registrants from both these organizations were occasionally to be seen in the meeting rooms and public spaces of the Capital Hilton. Registration for the HSS meeting was about 400, making this the largest ever December meeting of the Society. The HSS meetings are by now large and varied enough to defy summary. A quick inventory suggests that the most impressive aspect of contemporary history of science may be the exuberant ingenuity with which historians are reconfiguring fields and applying new methods and perspectives. Not so long ago the discipline was troubled by a split between "internalist" history that concerned itself with scientific theories and "externalist" studies of institutions. Very few sessions or papers on the Washington program could be classified neatly under either of these rubrics. By far the majority of presentations were defined thematically, in terms of instruments, practices, methods, rhetorics, identities, cultures, and contexts. The classical rules for a program session call for unity of time, unity of place, and unity of discipline. The session organizers this year undertook in a multitude of ways to violate them all. The strong thematic and cultural dimension in this year's program was particularly evident in sessions held jointly with the American Historical Association. These in-


Ethnographic documentation consistently informs us that practices related to food sharing are dynamic chains of events resulting from highly differentiated forms of individual and group-based inter...


The present invention provides a motorcycle provided having a frame having a front portion and a rear portion. The front portion has a steering head. The motorcycle further includes an internal combustion engine which is coupled to the frame, and a steering assembly which is pivotally coupled to the steering head. The steering assembly includes a fork and a front wheel rotatably coupled with the fork. The motorcycle further comprises a pivot arm which is pivotally coupled to the rear portion, a rear wheel rotatably coupled to the pivot arm, and a first cavity which is provided in the frame. The first cavity is in fluid communication with the internal combustion engine to supply the engine with fuel. The motorcycle further includes a second cavity which is provided in the frame. The second cavity is in fluid communication with the internal combustion engine, to supply the internal combustion engine with combustion air.


In plug assist thermoforming, surface friction strongly affects the final part thickness distribution. This work investigates the effect of plug material, plug temperature, and sheet temperature on coefficient of frictionbetween the plug and sheet. Three different plug materials (epoxy syntactic, engineering thermoplastic non-syntactic and engineering thermoplastic syntactic) with a range of friction coefficients were investigated for thermoforming polypropylene sheet. The coefficient of friction was assessed using simulation software (T-SIM®). Coefficient of friction values were varied in the simulation software until the thickness distribution predicted by simulation was similar to that obtained experimentally.


More than 70000 russians die of pneumonia every year. In 2005, ATS/IDSA published important guidelines for the management of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). HCAP defines higher risk of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. In Russia, however, the optimum strategy for management of HCAP is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical features of patients with HCAP compared with a community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Materials and methods: Patients (n = 2115; 1289 males, mean age 65.9 ± 15.1 years) who were consecutively admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia. CAP group (n = 1673), and HCAP group (n = 442). Among HCAP patients, 240 (54.4%) had a history of hospitalization in the last 90 days, 131 (29.6%) received outpatient intravenous therapy, 60 (13.6%) had home wound care and 11 (2.5%) lived in a nursing home. Compared with patients with CAP, patients with HCAP were older (mean age, 70.6 vs 63.9 years), had greater comorbidity (97.5% vs 72.1%) high-risk pneumonia severity index classes (66.8% vs 43.6%; al P The causative pathogen was detected in 164 (37.1%) HCAP and 185 (11.1%) CAP. MDR pathogens were more common (17.1% vs 2.2%) in HCAP p-ts than in CAP p-ts, including Staphylococcus aureus (14.0% vs 1.1%). The duration of hospitalization (15.7 ± 10.1 vs. 11.3 ± 6.5 days) and mortality rate (11.3% vs. 3.0%; al P Conclusion: HCAP is common in Russia and is characterized by inappropriate initial empiric therapy and high mortality. At a part of patients high mortality was associated primarily with the general state, at another part - with drug-resistant microorganisms, that needs further study.