A domain independent planning program that supports both automatic and interactive * generation of hierarchical, partially ordered plans is described. An improved formalism for representing domains and actions is presented. The formalism makes extensive use of constraints, provides efficient methods for representing properties of objects that do not change over time, allows specification of pupoes for determining plan rationale, allows specification of resouarces, and provides the ability to express deductive rules about how the world works. * The system deduces the effects of actions using deductive rules. The implications of allowing parallel actions in a plan or problem solution are discussed. New techniques for efficiently detecting and remedying harmful parallel interactions are presented. The most important of these techniques, reasoning about resources, is emphasized and explained. The system * supports concurrent exploration of different branches in the search, making best-first search easy to implement. Meta-planning and its implications for domain independent planning are discussed in some detail, and primitive execution monitoring capabilites are described. 1. The Planning Problem The problem of generating a sequence of actions to accomplish a goal is referred to as planning. To automate planning in a computer program involves representing the world, representing actions and their effects on the world, reasoning about the effects of sequences of such actions, reasoning about the interaction of actions that are taking place concurrently, and controlling the search so that plans can be found with reasonable efficiency. The ability to reason about actions is a core problem for artificial intelligence. It is part * of the common-sense reasoning people do all the time. By reasoning about actions, a program * could plan your travel for you, control a robot arm in a changing environment, get a computer system or network to accomplish your computing goals, or any number of other things that are beyond the scope of current systems. This problem is even central to conversing in natural language. First, because many utterances are deliberately planned to achieve specific goals, and also because it is often necessary to create your own model of other people's plans in order to understand their utterances. Despite the importance of the problem, relatively little has been accomplished in recent years. This paper describes progress on this problem that has resulted from development of a planning program at SRI International.' Planners designed to work efficiently in a single problem domain, though desirable, often depend on the structure of that domain to such an extent that the underlying ideas cannot be readily used in other domains. Currently, a new program (often requiring its own unique * representation and heuristics) must be developed for each new domain (if the domain is complex enough to be interesting) in order to get reasonable performance. This paper discusses domain independent planners which are of particular interest since they provide planning techniques that are applicable in many domains, and provide a general planning capability. Such a * common-sense ..anning ability is likely to involve different techniques than those used by an expert planning in his particular domain of expertise, but is a necessary ability for people in IThe research reported here is supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Resarch Contract F49820.79-C0188. 2 their daily lives and for intelligent programs. Of course, a general planner should provide representations and methods for including domain specific knowledge and heuristics. There is no guarantee, except for human performance, that a large central core of domain independent planning techniques exists. It is important to enlarge this core as much ais possible so we do not have to write a new planner for each new domain. Such motivation lies liehind * other Al research; for example EMYCIN [151 is an attempt to clarify the domain independent core of expert systems such as MYCIN, and TEAM [3] provides natural language access to data bases independent of the domain or structure of the data base. This paper describes an implemented planning program that expands the core of domain independent planning * techniques as it builds on and extends previous domain independent planning systems such * as Sacerdoti's NOAH [10], Tate's NONLIN [141, Sridharan's PLANXIO [111, Veke's DEVISER S11], and SRI's STRIPS [1]. Two features found in many planning systems are also central in this work: hierarchical planning, and parallel actions. Hierarchical planning is often necessary for real-world domains * since it helps avoid the tyranny of detail that would result from planning at the most primitive level. By first planning at more abstract levels, the planner can reduce the search space by expanding these more abstract plans into more detailed plans. Parallel actions are also useful for real-world domains. Such domains are often multi-effector or multi-agent (e.g., having two robot arms to construct an object, or having two editors to work on your report), and the best plans should use these agents in parallel when possible. This distinguishe plnnn * from much of the work in program synthesis, since the goal there is often a strictly sequential r program. A planning system that allows parallel actions must be able to reason about how actions interact with each other since interference between parallel actions may prevent the * plan from accomplishing its goal. This is a major problem for planning systems and a major focus of this paper. 3 2. Overview of SEPE We have designed and implemented (in INTERLISP) a system, SIPE, (System for Interactive Planning and Execution monitoring), that supports domain independent planning. The program has produced correct parallel plans for problems in four different domains (the blocks world, cooking, aircraft operations, and a simple robotics assembly task). The system allows for hierarchical planning and parallel actions. Development of the basic planning system has led to several extensions of previous systems. These include the development of a perspicuous * formalism for encoding descriptions of actions, the use of constraints to partially describe ob* jects, the creation of mechanisms that permit concurrent exploration of alternative plans, the * incorporation of heuristics for reasoning about resources, mechanisms that make it possible to perform simple deductions, and advanced abilities to reason about the interaction between parallel actions. SIPE can automatically generate plans, but, unlike its predecessors, SIPE is designed to also allow interaction with users throughout the planning and plan execution processes, if this is desired. The user is able to watch and, when desired, guide and/or control the planning process. Our concern with interaction means that perspicuous representations have been favored and that some search control issues have not been addressed as yet. As the system evolves, more methods for controlling the search will be developed and more problems will be solved automatically. This evolutionary approach has several advantages. From the planning point of view it allows us to address larger, 'real-world" problems which may initially be beyond the capabilities of fully automatic planning techniques, but which could provide interesting research problems. Development of an interactive planner also encourages us to deal * with the issue of representing the planning problem in terms that can be easily communicated to a user. This is also important for an automatic planner, because the machine must still * be able to communicate about the planning it has performed. Our system raises issues in human-machine interaction, but this paper addresses only the planning aspects of our work. In SIPE, a plan is a set of partially ordered goals and actions, which is composed by the 4 sysem romoperators (the system's description of actions that it may perform). Plans that sysnte fromveth desired goal may sometimes be generated by simply applying operators, so the system also has critis which find possible problems and attempt to correct them. In particular, most of the reasoning about interactions between parallel actions is done by theI critics. The plans are represented in procedural nets 1101, primarily for graceful interaction between man and machine. Invariant properties of objects in the domain are represented in a type hierarchy, which allows inheritance of properties and the posting of constralnts on the values of attributes of these objects. The relationships which change over time, and therefore all goals, are represented in a version of first-order predicate calculus which is typed * and interacts with the knowledge in the type hierarchy. Operators are represented in an * easily understood formalism we have developed [71 in which the ability to post constraints on * variables is a primary feature. Each of these parts of the system will be described in more detail later in the paper. * It should be noted here that, like most domain independent planning systems (DEVISER * being an exception), ours assumes discrete time, discrete states, and discrete operators. Time need not be represented explicitly for many tasks since the ordering links in the procedural network provide the necessary ordering information. It is assumed that each world state that can be reached is discrete and can be represented explicitly. The operators are also discrete, with the effects of an action occurring instantaneously as far as the system is concerned. This * applies to a given abstraction level; using hierarchical planning, the system can order the *effects which occur at a lower level of detail. These assumptions are acceptable in many real-7 * world domains and have been made by most previous planners. They are however restrictive and prevent many real


Objective: To investigate a drug of the treatment of kidney damage caused by scrub typhus patients more effective and acceptable. Method: Azithromycin + rhubarb group of 24 cases comparred with 20 cases of azithromycin and Salvia + group analysis. The results of two clinical cure rate of 100%, often time-temperature, the main signs disappear, kidney function returned to normal time, azithromycin + rhubarb group shorter than azithromycin + SMI group, the two are Significant difference (P0.05,P0.01). Conclusion: Oral azithromycin + rhubarb treatment of scrub typhus significant effect of kidney damage, medication compliance, and worthy of wider application.


Because of china's special household register system, a large number of rural re sidents can not migrate to the city freely to share fast economic growth, and th e disparity in urban and rural areas is expanding day by day. From the angle of government department, this article analyses the lost and income of the policy r eform, and trans-regional flow of the labor market and holds that allowing labo r to move freely not only accord with the interest of government department but also can reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas.


Aposthonia guizhouensis sp. nov. from Guizhou Province of China is described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by the distinctive terminalia structure in males. Aposthonia guizhouensis sp. nov. represents the second species of Aposthonia known from China. DNA barcode of the new species is sequenced and compared with its related congeners.


The title of this book, Mothers' Darlings of the South Pacific: The Children of Indigenous Women and US Servicemen, World War II, charts a very specific set of concerns. First, the book's primary focus is the offspring of American military servicemen and Islander women during World War II, including the close relations that surround those children and their families. The


South Africa faces a serious challenge in its inability to stem the HIV tide. Recent survey results revealed 469 000 new HIV infections in 2012. This means there are 6.4 million people or 12.2% of the population living with HIV. In a context where education to prevent infections are not successful, education to manage the disease and enhance healthy living for the infected and affected becomes paramount. This article reports on an example of such education provided by a large health non-governmental organisation (NGO). It discusses the design piloting, evaluation and monitoring processes involved in creating a life-centred learning programme in response to HIV and AIDS. This work was undertaken as an action research project and produced much learning for all involved. The first part of this article deals with the learning that took place during the course by learners (caregivers) and discusses some of their future learning needs. The second part discusses the learning that took place within the partnership between Caregivers International and the Centre for Adult Education (CAE), specifically catalysed through the action-reflection process. Implications from this research include the need for post-course support of learners and for attending to the injustice of placing the burden of care on the most vulnerable sector of society. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p1646


We study the propagation properties of surface TM modes in a hollow slab waveguide which consists of the core and cover of right-handed material (RHM) and the substrate of left-handed material (LHM). Normalized frequency, normalized propagation constant and asymmetry measure are introduced to the left-handed material hollow slab waveguide. Dispersion relation is derived by using these normalized parameters, and universal dispersion curves have been obtained by solving transcendental dispersion equations analytically. We discuss the existence condition and other dispersion properties of guided surface TM modes in detail.


Despite the efforts to reduce the semantic gap between user perception of similarity and feature-based representation of images, user interaction is essential to improve retrieval performance in content-based image retrieval. To this end a number of relevance feedback mechanisms are currently adopted to refine image queries. They are aimed either to locally modify the feature space or to shift the query point towards more promising regions of the feature space. A novel adaptive query shifting mechanism is proposed to improve retrieval performance beyond that provided by other relevance feedback mechanisms. In addition we discuss the extent to which query shifting may provide better performance than feature weighting and provide experimental results on the complementarity of the two approaches. Finally, some combinational approaches are proposed to exploit such complementarities.


A team of electric propulsion specialists from U.S. government laboratories experimentally evaluated the performance of a 1.35-kW Stationary Plasma Thruster (SPT) at the Scientific Research Institute of Thermal Processes in Moscow and at 'Fakel' Enterprise in Kaliningrad, Russia. The evaluation was performed using a combination of U.S. and Russian instrumentation and indicated that the actual performance of the thruster appears to be close to the claimed performance. The claimed performance was a specific impulse of 16,000 m/s, an overall efficiency of 50 percent, and an input power of 1.35 kW, and is superior to the performance of western electric thrusters at this specific impulse. The unique performance capabilities of the stationary plasma thruster, along with claims that more than fifty of the 660-W thrusters have been flown in space on Russian spacecraft, attracted the interest of western spacecraft propulsion specialists. A two-phase program was initiated to evaluate the stationary plasma thruster performance and technology. The first phase of this program, to experimentally evaluate the performance of the thruster with U.S. instrumentation in Russia, is described in this report. The second phase objective is to determine the suitability of the stationary plasma thruster technology for use on western spacecraft. This will be accomplished by bringing stationary plasma thrusters to the U.S. for quantification of thruster erosion rates, measurements of the performance variation as a function of long-duration operation, quantification of the exhaust beam divergence angle, and determination of the non-propellant efflux from the thruster. These issues require quantification in order to maximize the probability for user application of the SPT technology and significantly increase the propulsion capabilities of U.S. spacecraft.


It's said that you can't judge a book by its cover. George Salter, a legendary figure in the field of book design, never subscribed to this belief. For more than forty years, his beautifully drawn and lettered covers served as elegant windows onto the works of such revered authors as Albert Camus, John Dos Passos, Jack London, and Thomas Mann. Salter had the rare ability to reduce the illustrated dust jacket -- a new part of the book package -- to its essential elements. He could visually evoke -- with typography, calligraphy, and pictorial imagery -- the contents of any given book.Salter's life and work bridged two continents and cultures, and spanned the severest political turmoil of the 20th century. Through a tumultuous life, nothing halted his tireless and brilliant design work. "Classic Book Jackets" tells Salter's story and describes the innovative design thinking he brought to his design students (including his designation of seven different jacket types that are still valid today). It includes more than 200 reproductions of his finest works, and a complete catalog of his jackets, designs, layouts, and lettering jobs for the book trade.


Aspergillus oryzae obtained from spoilt cormel flour was subjected to mutation treatments using Xrays, solar radiation and bleach. Following selection and screening of viable colonies on a medium containing Xanthosoma cormel solid process waste as the only carbon source, A. oryzae A7 which significantly (p 0.05) produced more biomass at a higher growth rate than the wild parent, was chosen for protein enrichment. Protein content of substrate enriched with the mutant fungal strain was higher than that enriched with the wild strain. Addition of (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, NH4Cl, and urea to Xanthosoma solid process waste increased the growth rate of mutant, with the highest increase observed with urea. Medium amended with urea also had the highest protein level of 26.23% strain compared to a protein yield of 17.41% obtained in the control with no added nitrogen. The optimal temperature for protein enrichment was found to be 35 0 C.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of asset allocation, stock selection, and the level of risk on Islamic mutual funds in Indonesia. The research method used is multiple linear regression. The data used in this study are secondary data such as the NAB report for Islamic equity mutual funds in Indonesia from 2007-to 2011. The results showed that stock selection had a positive and significant effect on Islamic equity mutual funds in Indonesia, while asset allocation and risk had a negative effect on Islamic equity mutual funds in Indonesia.


Seven mountain lions (Felis concolor stanleyana) captured in western Texas were released in northern Florida and used as surrogates for evaluating the feasibility of translocating Florida panthers (F. c, coryi). Using radio telemetry, they were monitored daily, except Sundays, from 15 June 1988 to 19 April 1989. The lions established overlapping home ranges, killed large prey at a predicted frequency, and settled into routine movement and feeding patterns before the hunting season. However, during the hunting season the lions either were killed, or they abandoned their home ranges. Subsequent wanderings into urban areas and livestock operations necessitated the early removal of study animals. We cannot recommend the introduction of Florida panthers into northern Florida at this time


The properties and performances of high purity corundum bricks for the refractory linings of the gasifiers in the ammonia and ethene synthesis and carbon black reaction furnaces in China are described.The high purity corundum bricks are characterized by high refractoriness,hot strength,dimensional stability and chemical inertness at elevated temperature,Their performances in the gasifiers and carbon black furnaces are very satisfied ,The failure mechansims of the refractory lining are discussed on the basis of the petrographic analysis.


A series of novel arylvinyl-substituted phenanthroline derivatives have been synthesized and their applications as electron-transporting materials in organic light-emitting diodes (OLED's) have bee...


Figure 1. (a) Flip-Flop Sticker attached to the trackpad; (b) The structure of Flip-Flop Sticker; (c) Applying shear force (sliding to any optional direction) to PL is assigned as X/Y-axis operations and applying pressure force (pushing down) to PL/PR is assigned as Z-axis (+Z/-Z) operations; (d) The seesawlike mechanism enabling "upward" force feedback to a primary operation finger; (e) Flip-Flop Sticker can also be utilized as a head-mounted display adapter; (f) Applications : 3D (X/Y/Z) operation in 3D CAD and 3D Tic-Tac-Toe can be realized by orthogonal and intuitive operation.


By the experiment on dynamic performance of long-span steel arch bridge, the natural frequency and dynamic responses of the 140m steel box-section tied arch bridge over the Ting Si River Bridge in the Wuhan-Guangzhou Passenger Dedicated Line are tested. the tested results of the bridge dynamic responses show that the bridge structure can meet the security requirements when CRH2 EMU runs on it in the speed of 250 to 350km/h.the lateral and vertical stiffness are larger, the vertical and lateral natural frequencies and the other dynamic performances of the bridge can meet the requirements of the relevant norms, When the CRH2 EMU runs across the steel box-section arch bridge in different speeds


Verschueren introduced the theory of adaptation in 1987.He believes that language use involves choices of different linguistic forms and strategies.Within the framework of the theory of adaptation,the paper makes a tentative analysis of the humorous lines in Zhao Ben-shan's sketches from three perspectives: mental world,social world and physical world.The paper aims at finding the expressing style of humorous lines and revealing the usefulness of humorous lines in realizing humorous effect and in expressing the implied meaning of the theme.


Along with the rapid development of network information technology,as the new cultural form,the network culture has the important influence to people's spiritual life.The network already becomes the important component of university students' learning and living.The campus network culture penetrates into the life of university students omni-directionally,and has the profound influence to the university students.The traditional ideological and political work style was attacked.The environment of ideological and political education no longer is closed,which requests to comply with the openness of modern education,extends the center of gravity,the content and form of ideological and political education,masters the newest network knowledge promptly,uses the multimedia means to carry on the education,opens up the new way of ideological and political education diligently,enhances the seepage force of ideological and political education work,improves the betimes and effectiveness.


Aim. To study trends in the development of digital technologies in pharmacy, analyze the actual state of digitization of the domestic pharmaceutical industry and determine the impact of the implementation of digital technologies on the efficiency of the functioning of pharmaceutical supply chains and the ability of the latter to perform their socio-economic functions in new difficult economic conditions.
Materials and methods: To achieve the research goal, scientific sources on issues of digital logistics and transformational processes taking place in the pharmaceutical industry were analyzed. When conducting the research, the methods of information search, systematization, comparison and generalization were used, as well as the graphic method to increase the visibility of the presentation of the material.
Results. The relevance of digitalization of the pharmaceutical industry and the supply chain management in the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic and martial law to improve the reliability and safety of their functioning has been substantiated. A review of Ukraine's positions in the global digital competitiveness rating for 2017-2021 has been conducted. The conditions that determine the digital transformation of pharmaceutical supply chains in various contexts have been identified. The current state of digitization of the domestic pharmaceutical industry has been analyzed. The classification of digital technologies has been systematized according to the degree of their impact on the development of pharmaceutical supply chains.
Conclusions. It has been proven that the domestic pharmaceutical production has already accumulated a certain potential and experience in using digital technologies, which opens up serious innovative prospects for improving logistics processes in pharmacy and increasing the reliability, safety and efficiency of pharmaceutical supply chains. The Covid epidemic and military operations have highlighted the weaknesses of domestic pharmaceutical logistics. And it is the active implementation of digital technologies in the activities of pharmaceutical market entities that will contribute to their successful solution.


Becoming a writer is filled with challenges, internally and externally, that often derail those who want, or need to write, for personal and professional reasons. In the last two decades, positive psychology research has revealed many insights for managing the creative challenges of being a writer, mitigating the personal difficulties involved, and offering a way forward to thriving productivity. These include strategies for better managing state of mind, improving our physical and emotional well-being, improved approaches to work, and how to healthily encourage creativity. Through understanding how risk works, and how to manage it better using insights from positive psychology, more people will be able to thrive in their writing.


In the oxidation of phenol by hydrogen peroxide over titanium containing MCM-41 materials, practically only para isomers are formed. The exclusive para selectivity is proposed to be due to the different strength of adsorption for the para and ortho isomers influencing the overall reaction rate or the faster polymerization of the ortho product. The former mechanism is more probable.


A solid fuel burning heating apparatus, used as a parlor stove, is also used for cooking. The stove is provided with a self-clearing top smoke chamber having a top cover over an aperture. A cooking tray is supported in the aperture when the stove is operating. The tray has a surface for holding coals and an opening communicating between the aperture and the interior of the stove. A perforate cooking surface is supported above the tray.


Grafting of hyperbranched polyamidoamine (PAMAM) polymer onto ultrafine silica was prepared. First, an initiating site was incorporated into silica surface by treating silica particle with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane producing amino functionalized silica. Then grafting of hyperbranched PAMAM was performed by repetitive reactions between Michael addition of silica amino groups to methyl acrylate (MA) and amidation of the resulting terminal methyl ester groups with ethylenediamine (EDA). Excessive amounts of MA and EDA present in each step were removed by a rotary evaporator and dialysis separation, respectively. FT-IR analysis was employed to monitor the propagation of hyperbranched PAMAM on silica which was carried out until reaching the generation of 3.0. The yellowish liquid product was obtained. Amino group content in each generation was determined which was found significantly lower than theoretical value due to unavoidable side reactions. Laser light scattering and SEM results revealed that the particulate agglomerate was disaggregated into finer particle size as hyperbranched PAMAM generation increased. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008


We study composition operators of characteristic zero on weighted Hilbert spaces of Dirichlet series. For this purpose, we demonstrate the existence of weighted mean counting functions associated with the Dirichlet series symbol, and provide a corresponding change of variables formula for the composition operator. This leads to natural necessary conditions for the boundedness and compactness. For Bergman‐type spaces, we are able to show that the compactness condition is also sufficient, by employing a Schwarz‐type lemma for Dirichlet series.


This paper studies the relationship between 6 different categorized building energy consumption data and outdoor air temperature to find out the best data set predicting the annual building energy consumption. In 2013 ASHRAE Fundamentals, Energy Estimating and Modeling Methods, monthly or daily data were recommended to use in a simple linear regression model analysis, however in this paper, not only monthly and daily data, but also daily data(excluding weekends), hourly data, hourly data(excluding weekends) and hourly data(excluding weekends and non-air-conditioning hours), total 6 different categorized data sets were used for the simple linear regression. With the relationship of each data set, 6 different annual building energy consumptions were predicted and regardless of the coefficient of correlation (R²), hourly data was the most appropriate data set to predict the annual building energy consumption.


As a results of an advertising plug promoting camping as a weapon in combatting the waste of energy, a realistic appraisal of this suggestion was made. Since transportation to the camping site is essential, with other driving for sightseeing, etc. likely, the energy saved by not using home appliances is cancelled out. A hypothetical situation is described, taking into consideration all possible means of cutting back on energy usage by leaving a vacant house. However, the realistic approach proves that both camping and living at home require equal amounts of energy. A chart gives the relationship between number of miles travelled, and energy consumed in the home in terms of BTU's. The article concludes that since vactioning and staying at home are on an equal footing in regard to energy usage, the merits attached to camping are in the realm of personal considerations.


In this contribution we present how techniques from computer graphics and computer vision can be combined to finally navigate a robot in natural environment based on visual information. The key idea is to reconstruct an image based scene model, which is used in the navigation task to judge position hypotheses by comparing the taken camera image with a virtual image created from the image based scene model. Computer graphics contributes to a method for photo-realistic rendering in real- time, computer vision methods are applied to fully automatically reconstruct the scene model from image sequences taken by a hand-held camera or a moving platform. During navigation, a probabilistic state estimation algorithm is applied to handle uncertainty in the image acquisition process and the dynamic model of the moving platform. We present experiments which proof that our proposed approach, i.e. using an image based scene model for navigation, is capable to globally localize a moving platform with reasonable effort. Using off-the-shelf computer graphics hardware even real-time navigation is possible.


Organizational identity is constructed from organization members' descriptions of their beliefs of what is central, distinctive, and enduring about an organization (Dutton, Dukerich, and Harquail, ...


is a delineation of cultural relationships between the Guale and Spanish missionaries. The monograph is clearly and unpretentiously written. It has two particular merits. The first is the summary discussion (pp. 81-107) of the archaeology of Spanish missions in La Florida. Thomas (aided by Lorann S. A. Pendleton) has gathered together scattered but valuable information, some of it not published previously, which will benefit greatly southeastern archaeology and ethnohistory. The second major contribution is in the realm of methodology. The process of locating the mission structures made use of geophysical research techniques: proton magnetometer, soil resistivity, and ground-penetrating radar. These proved to be successful in locating Santa Catalina. But there is a matter of equal significance: The use of these techniques is a good illustration of midrange theory. Archaeologists increasingly are linking their conceptual categories with a widening range of empirically observable phenomena. A grave is not only a geologically recognizable feature but also is a specific set of geophysical signals. The anticipated refinement of such nondestructive techniques will significantly expedite the site-discovery process. This initial report is promising. Thomas notes correctly that many fundamental questions about Guale social organization and subsistence remain unanswered. Although the existence of Guale maize agriculture has been verified archaeologically, the degree of sedentism is uncertain. The effect of missionization on subsistence practices is not well understood, and the precise nature of Guale political organization remains debatable. If the series successfully grapples with this "Guale problem," our understanding of southeastern archaeology and prehistoric acculturation in general will be enhanced greatly.


The significant particle size grading and the particle breakage of deep soils are two major characteristics of super-high dumping-site. Based on the refitted large-scale direct shear experiments, this paper studied the particle breakage and shear strength of different coarse-grained soil. The experimental results indicates a conclusion: particle breakage index is very small when upright stress is less than 400kPa .The breakage rate increases obviously with the increase of upright stress. The particle breakage index is very little when coarse-grained contents are less than 46.0% .It increases significantly when coarse-grained contents are larger than 46.0%. Hyperbolic curves can express the relationship between particle breakage index and upright stress. The experiments studied on shear strength shows that the shear stress-strain curves are micro-softening model or micro-hardening model under low upright stress. The curves are slight-softening model at higher upright stress when the coarse-grained contents are equal to 24.0%. At coarse-grained contents equal 78.0%, the shear stress-strain curves are softening model under low upright stress. The shear strength envelope expressed nonlinear under higher upright stress.


A knowledge-based specification method of the original requirements of CCS (computer communication systems) is proposed based on a framework of the knowledge-based design methodology for CCS. The proposed method allowed a prototype of the original requirements knowledge acquisition support system to be realized. An overview of the prototype system is given.<<ETX>>


This investigation was aimed to initially determine whether the current track geometry standards defining urgent defects for a given class of track should be further defined as a function of degree of track curvature. The investigation organized about 269 miles of field test data for an empty tank car into a comprehensive database, then analyzed the database in detail. The number of geometry defects, which occurred on track sections with different track alignments, tangent, spirals, and curves, was first compared with the instrumented wheelset forces delined by the wheel force ratio criteria in the Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices of the Association of American Railroads. The quantitative relations among track geometry, track curvature, and wheel force ratio were studied based on test data. A few computer simulations of the empty tank car passing over track geometry effects were also performed to help the investigation. The results indicate that the investigation of the importance of track curvature in the track safety standard is a promising research direction for railway safety.


Thyroid disorders are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. They can lead to spontaneous miscarriages. Miscarriage or spontaneous abortion is defined as expulsion or extraction of the embryo or foetus weighing <500 g, or before 20–22 weeks of gestation. It is the most common complication of early pregnancy. The various causes of early pregnancy loss are genetic, anatomic factors, autoimmune disorders, endocrine dysfunction, thrombophilia, life style factors, maternal infections and may be idiopathic.


The impact of donor-funded interventions has been a subject of raging controversy over the many years of donor support. This paper assesses, through the lens of resource dependence theory (RDT), the impact of donor-funded interventions on a professional accountancy organisation (PAO) and to describe how the intervention has influenced the PAO operations and activities. A qualitative research design was adopted where data were collected through a semi-structured interview with the key principal officers of the PAO. The empirical results show a general acknowledgement among the interviewees of the positive impact of the intervention on the activities of the PAO. However, the biggest challenge encountered in the implementation of the funded intervention is the counterpart funding provided by the PAO. Moreover, the level of participation by the PAO in the determination of program deliverables was not as expected. The findings of the paper have implications for future donor support to professional accountancy organisations in other developing countries.


National institutions in the United States such as the Smithsonian's Archives of American Art are finally bringing attention and resources to the artistic practice of Latinos as well as Latin American artists residing in the US. As more institutions collect, preserve, and exhibit Latino and Latin American art, and as more scholars and universities engage in these histories, access to archives will play a critical role in shaping the future of these fields. This edited interview with C. Ondine Chavoya, professor of art history at Williams College; Olga Herrera, director of the Inter-University Program for Latino Research in Washington, DC; Tey Marianna Nunn, director and chief curator of the Art Museum and Visual Arts Program at the National Hispanic Cultural Center; and Adriana Zavala, professor of art history at Tufts University and director of the US Latinx Art Forum (USLAF) explores how scholars today are transforming their research practice thanks to the Latino collections at the Archives and elsewhere.


When the condition of retrolental fibroplasia was first described by Terry (1942) in the United States of America it was then only recognized in the advanced state of a cicatricial mass or membrane behind the lens. It is now appreciated, however, that the earliest pathological changes occur in the nerve fibre layer of the retina, which first of all becomes thickened as a result of oedema, transudation and haemorrhage then follow, with subsequent neovascularization and invasion of the vitreous. In cases which do not regress the process ultimately goes on to fibrosis, with detachment of the retina and the formation of a retrolental membrane. In 1950 Heath therefore suggested that the process could best be described as a retinopathy of premature birth. The first case to be recorded in Edinburgh was in 1948, one more case occurring in that year, four being recorded in 1949, four in 1950, and eight in 1951. In 1952 we began an examination of premature infants born in the City of Edinburgh.


The aim of this article is to present and discuss several aspects of the pathogenesis, the clinical, hormonal, and imaging diagnosis, and the treatment of Nelson's syndrome, based on a typical patient's report, in whom several therapeutic approaches were shown to be ineffective.


In this article, an adaptive neural network (NN) trajectory tracking control is proposed for a marine surface vessel with output constraints and uncertainties. The second-order linear tracking differentiator was employed to cope with differential blast problem, an adaptive NN is adopted to estimate the uncertainty models and unknown disturbances, and an asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is used to handle the output constrains problems. Moreover, it is proven that the multiple output limits are never violated, the asymptotic tracking can be implemented, and all signals of the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB). A numerical simulation are demonstrated the availability of the proposed methods.


A multi-layered master medium with perpendicular anisotropy is proposed. The multi-layered master medium is composed of a thin CoPt film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, a nonmagnetic interlayer with several nanometers in thickness, and a soft magnetic FeCo-based film. Magnetic printing characteristics by using single-layered and multi-layered master media were investigated through experiments. The best magnetic printing characteristics were obtained by using the multi-layered master medium. This is because the multi-layered master medium has larger recording field than the single-layered master media near side wall of convex part due to high perpendicular anisotropy of the CoPt film and image effect by the soft magnetic film.


Ethical Decision Making in a Rural Health Care Facility 3)' Glenn Kikuya Ikawa A.B. (University of California) 1982 THESIS Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in HEALTH AND MEDICAL SCIENCES in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the


The effects of T-2 toxin on hepatocytes were investigated in vitro. Cultured mouse hepatocytes were treated with several doses of T-2 toxin (1, 10, and 100μg/ml) for 6 and 24 hr. There was no significant change in the release of GPT and LDH from cultured hepatocytes into medium. However, LPO contents in hepatocytes increased dose-dependently at 6 and 24 hr after T-2 toxin administration. A decrease in cell density in hepatocyte cultures due to atrophy and necrosis was conspicuous at 24 hrexposure to 100μg/ml of T-2 toxin. Electron microscopically, an increase of autosegrisomes was observed in hepatocytes at 24 hr-exposure to 1μg/ml of T-2 toxin. Apart from their severity, the nature of ultrastructural changes was common to hepatocytes exposed to 10 and 100μg/ml of T-2 toxin. Namely, degeneration of rER, deformation of mitochondria, and formation of autosegrisomes developed at 6hr and became more prominent at 24hr.


Advanced grounding simulation methods and design techniques, used to model a large plant grounding network that includes multiple interconnected grounding systems located near a lake, are presented in this paper. The grounding simulations were conducted in order to analyze the multiple interconnected ground systems subjected to AC power frequency fault currents discharged into the soil. The performance of the grounding systems in soil structures containing heterogeneous soil volumes has been studied, in terms of ground resistance, ground potential rise (GPR), touch voltages, and step voltages. Furthermore, a practical counterpoise arrangement is simulated with the grounding systems in order to improve the performance of the grounding systems


This study includes the synthesis and characterization of some heterocyclic compounds (pyrimidine derivatives) starting from the reaction of 2-Bromo benzaldehyde with the amino compound in an acidic medium to obtain a base derivative of Schiff Base (1) and then (1) interacts with aromatic boronic acids (3-Carboxyx-5-nitro, 3-Cyano, 4-Ethoxy, 2,3-Difluoro, 2,3,4-Trifluoro, 4-Chloro) respectively by reaction Suzuki-Mayura and with the presence of Tetrax (Triphenyl Phosphine) Palladium (0) and a basic medium to give new derivatives of Diphenyl (2-7). The derivatives that were manufactured were Characterization through the FT-IR spectroscopy, proton magnetic resonance spectrum 1H-NMR, and carbon carbon resonance spectrum 13C-NMR. In addition to the elemental analysis C.H.N, the cytotoxicity of the derivatives (2-4) was examined in the laboratory on a MCF-7 and SK-LU-1 using the MTT assay, and it was found that the derivative (2) had very good efficacy at a certain concentration.


A naturalistic study was conducted to identify important dimensions of the classroom experience for mainstreamed students. It was designed to incorporate the perspectives of both the insider and the outsider. The dimensions identified in the study were Participation, Relationships, and Feelings. The participation of mainstreamed, hearing-impaired students is hindered by their being isolated spacially, temporally, and culturally from the class. Relationships in the mainstreamed classroom depend on the mutual interactive competence of normally hearing and hearing-impaired persons. The feelings of mainstreamed students seem to depend on their acceptance of their hearing loss as well as on their acceptance by others in the classroom. It was concluded that the three dimensions should be tested in future research for generalizability to other groups of hearing-impaired students.


During the last decades the agricultural actiνity has beeπ only one sector of rural deνelopmeπt. New actiνities such as productioπ of ποπ πutritioπ products, recreatioπ aπd protectioπ of the eπνiroπmeπt are beiπg progressiνely deνeloped, demoπstratiπg its rnultifuπctioπal role. Iπput-output aπalysis, deνeloped sigπificaπtly after 1950, caπ coπsiderably coπtribute to the deνelopmeπtal plaππiπg, as well as, to the rural deνelopmeπtal policy, siπce by usiπg this method the iπterrelatioπs betweeπ the ecoπomic sectors are ίπ depth described aπd, the most dyπamic aπd the dirniπishiπg sectors of the ecoπomy are dernoπstrated. The aim of this paper is to reνeal the most dyπamic sectors of Westerπ Thessaly Regioπ. Ιπ particular, the preseπt paper deals with the estimatioπ of multipliers of productioπ , iπcome aπd employmeπt of 29 sectors of ecoπomic actiνity, for the regioπ meπtioπed aboνe. Accordiπg to the resu lts of the survey, the sectors «Products of Agriculture, Huπtiπg aπd Forestry», «Coπstructioπs», «Hotels aπd Restauraπts» , «Foods Driπks -Tobacco», are coπsidered to be the most dyπamic sectors of ecoπomy of Westerπ Thessaly.


Cross-view geo-localization is to retrieve images of the same geographic target from different platforms. Since drones have received increasing attention in recent years because of their ability to capture high-quality multimedia data from the sky, we focus on image retrieval from the drone platform to the satellite platform in this paper. We propose an attention-guided feature partition network (AFPN) which leverages learnable spatial attention maps to divide the global high-level feature map into the class-aware foreground and the class-agnostic background feature in an end-to-end learning manner. Our backbone is based on the powerful vision transformer to model long-range global dependencies between patches. Data augmentation and multiple sampling strategies are also adopted in our experiments. Our method achieves Recall@1 accuracy at 95.60% on University-1652 and 94.48% on University-160k, and ranks 2nd in the ACMMM23 Multimedia Drone Satellite Matching Challenge.


After the code parameters have been fixed by the numerical modeling of a well diagnosed JET pulse, the electron density and the input power have been changed, resulting in 4 density scans (〈ne〉 in the range 3.8 – 8.2 x 1019m‐3) at Pin = 17, 22, 27, 32 MW. At any given power level, W flux decreases with increasing 〈ne〉 as a consequence of the decrease in Te at the target plates. Also the W concentration in the core (cW) decreases, but this not necessarily leads to reduced core radiation. Indeed, while at high Pin the core radiation decreases with density, at low Pin it increases. At high 〈ne〉 the increase in the input power leads to enhanced PradPrad, leaving, however, nearly unchanged the power radiated fraction frad Indeed, the increase in frad withPin is observed only at low 〈ne〉, up to a level of about frad = 0.4. These numerical results, linked to the non‐linear self‐consistent physics of W production and transport, suggest the best conditions are achieved when the level of the electron density is adapted to the level of the available Pin. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Aim Highlight the socio-economic determinants of smoking among Iraqi adults aged (18+) years. Method The study is derived from Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors STEPS survey Iraq 2015. A cross-sectional survey conducted among households from 15 Iraqi governorates. Nainawa, Salahaddin and Al-Anbar were excluded for unstable conditions. Multi-stage cluster sampling technique used to include 4120 Iraqi adults. Interviews started from the first week of November for 20 days using Arabic and Kurdish translated versions of STEPS questionnaire, at last 4071 valid questionnaire forms were gathered. Results Among men, smoking rates decline with age, 18–39 years (OR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.22–2.47) and 40–59 years (OR: 1.69; 95%CI: 1.18–2.44) compared to elderly. They also decline as education level increased, No schooling (OR: 2.74; 95%CI: 1.75–4.31), Less than primary school (OR: 2.46; 95%CI: 1.68–3.62), Primary school (OR: 2.15; 95%CI: 1.51–3.05) and Secondary school (OR: 1.99; 95%CI: 1.33–2.99). They were higher among non-governmental (OR: 1.58; 95%CI: 1.03–2.44) and self-employee (OR: 1.4; 95%CI: 1.06–1.84). The lowest smoking rates were found among women aged 18–39 years (OR: 0.34; 95%CI: 0.14–0.86). While the highest rates were found among self-employed women (OR: 5.3; 95%CI: 1.12–25.06). Conclusions Tobacco smoking was higher among men aged less than 40 years, low educated as well as non-governmental and self-employed people. While it was higher among elderly and self-employed women.


Human and rat lungs were degassed and filled with air and physiological salt solution for determination of pressure-volume relationships. Extracts were prepared from the specimens and examined for ...


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the development of industrial relations (IR) in Germany since the end of the Second World War and discusses the current challenges posed by economic globalisation und European integration.

Design/methodology/approach

Combining a political economy, identifying Germany as a coordinated market economy (social market economy), and actor-centred historical institutionalism approach, outlining the formation and strategies of the main social actors within a particular institutional setting, the paper draws on the broad range of research on IR in Germany and its theoretical debates, including own research in the field.

Findings

The legacy of the key institutional settings in the post-war era – primarily the social market economy, co-determination at supervisory boards, works councils and sector-based non-ideological unions with their analogously organised employer counterparts, as well as the dual system of interest representation – has shaped the German IR and still underlie the bargaining processes and joint learning processes although trade unions and employers' associations have been weakened because of loss of membership. In consequence the coverage scope of collective agreements is now somewhat reduced. Despite being declared dead many times, the "German model" of a "conflictual partnership" of capital and labour has survived many turbulent changes affecting it to the core.

Originality/value

The paper presents an original, theoretical informed reconstruction of the German IR and allows an understanding of the current institutional changes and challenges in the light of historical legacies. Additionally the theoretical debates on path dependence and learning processes of collectivities are enriched through its application to the German case.


The main purpose of this work consists of the mechanical characterization of a copolymer polypropylene (PP) filled with natural Alfa fibres. The elaboration of the PP-based composite reinforced with these natural fibres is explained. The mechanical behaviour of these composite blends has been analysed. Contrary to classical studies of the mechanical characterization of these kinds of materials which focus only on monotonic tensile tests, cyclic loading/unloading tests and loading/unloading tests interrupted by relaxation steps have been investigated. These tests enable us to compare the mechanical response of the virgin PP and the PP filled with Alfa fibres (Alfa/PP). Reinforcement by these natural fibres shows an impact in the improvement of the mechanical properties of this composite. All these experimental results constitute a data base used to identify the material parameters of a phenomenological constitutive hyperelasto-visco-hysteresis model. These tests also provide indications about the hyperelastic, viscous and hysteretic stress contributions of the hyperelasto-visco-hysteresis model with these materials during cyclic loading.


Recently, the impact of coronavirus has been witnessed by almost every country around the world. To mitigate spreading of coronavirus, a fundamental strategy would be reducing chance of healthy people from being exposed to it. Having observed the fact that most viruses come from coughing/sneezing/runny noses of infected people, in this work we propose to detect such symptom events via mobile devices (smartphones, smart watches, and other IoT devices) possessed by most people in the modern world and to instantly broadcast locations where the symptoms have been observed to other people. This would be able to significantly reduce the risk that healthy people get exposed to the virus. Mobile devices today are usually equipped with various sensors including microphone, accelerometer, and GPS, as well as network connection (4G, LTE, Wi-Fi), which makes our proposal feasible. Further experimental evaluation shows that coronavirus-like symptoms (coughing/sneezing/runny nose) can be detected with an accuracy around 90 percent; in addition, the dry cough (more likely happening to COVID-19 patients) and wet cough can also be differentiated with high accuracy.


While lithium-ion battery electrodes are manufactured in large-scale, high-speed, roll-to-roll manufacturing processes, it is the morphology of the particle and conductive binder structures that greatly affect macroscale properties and can vary significantly as a function of manufacturing conditions. This relationship is particularly true in the extremely fast (dis)charge environments relevant for electrification of our vehicle fleet, where the short time scales probe ever smaller length scales and increase the impact of ionic and charge transport limitations. To explore the process-structure-property relationship, we employ mesoscale finite element simulations of the three-phase particle-conductive binder-electrolyte composite of NMC cathodes. Particle and conductive binder domain mesostructures are derived from both x-ray computed tomography imaging and simulated using discrete element methods. The Conformal Decomposition Finite Element Method is applied to create conformal three-phase finite element discretizations of these mesostructures. Effective properties including electrical conductivity, tortuosity, and mechanical modulus are calculated and compared to experimentally measured values. Coupled electrochemical-mechanical simulations of cathode discharge are performed and validated against half-cell experimental data. We focus on how the conductive binder domain morphology affects electrode performance. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.


Internal Hernias (IH) are a rare cause of acute abdomen and intestinal obstruction in adults. IH has a reported autopsy incidence of 0.2 to 0.9% and is the cause of small bowel obstruction in 0.6 to 5.8% of the cases [1]. Among different types of internal hernias, paracecal hernia is a rare type. It presents as a lump in right iliac fossa with features of small bowel obstruction. Due to its rarity, nonspecific clinical findings and small window period to take action, a differential diagnosis of internal hernia must be kept in mind while approaching a patient with small bowel obstruction features and an urgent CT scan is advised before operating as it is a valuable aid to diagnose and operate subsequently. There might not be any previous history of herniation, strangulation or any specific risk factor/indication preceding herniation as in the case about to be mentioned.


The issues of payment, labor organization and rating, the conditions for the professional and official advancement and the social aspects are reviewed. It is shown that the main means that allow to resolve conflicts and increase the stability in the team is the implementation of the enterprise mentality


A non-volatile memory device includes a memory cell array including memory cells, each having a resistance value reversibly transitioning among resistance value ranges in a variable state in accordance with application of different electrical signals, a control circuit that, in operation, receives a control signal, a read circuit that, in operation, obtains pieces of resistance value information each relating to the resistance value of one of the memory cells in accordance with the control signal, and an arithmetic circuit that, in operation, calculates a binary reference value based on at least a part of the pieces of resistance value information. In operation, the read circuit selectively assigns, based on the binary reference value, one of two values to each of the pieces of resistance value information.


Empirical research on the functioning of procedural rules has had a slowly growing impact on the litigation process. At times the findings produced by this research have influenced legislators and rulemakers to make changes in their codes of procedure. At other times the findings have led judges to accept or reject a rule. Regrettably, the examples of such impacts have not been numerous. In part this lack of influence is due to the unreceptiveness of the intended users. Many lawyers and judges appear to believe that thinking like a lawyer means relying on law books, logic, speculation, argument, andwhen it comes to addressing questions of societal reality-invoking intuition. They act as if Holmes' epigram about the life of the law being "experience" should be understood to refer to the random experience of the individual jurist. Not in my book. I believe Holmes was referring to the collective experience of the relevant societal constituency and that he would have required that this experience be tapped by the most feasible systematic


This chapter talks about political elites who were able to influence political decision-making throughout the District of Jerusalem. They were commonly divided into two kinds: central and local elites. The chapter attempts to take a more analytical look at those local elites that were of district-wide importance and thus constituted the principal partners and competitors of the Ottoman administrators. It describes other distinctions within the Palestinian elites. The chapter provides a historical outline of the development of Palestinian urban elites during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It then deals with the strategies and experiences of elite families during the Hamidian period.Keywords: central elites; Hamidian period; Jerusalem; local elites


In microwave-assisted,the coupling reaction of thiophenol with aryl iodide by 1,4-diazabicyclooctane(abbreviated as DABCO) catalyzed and without any transition-meta participation by the first was reported.In microwave-assisted,the reaction had tried for the catalyst、solvent、reaction temperature and time MV.The optimum reaction conditions were as follows: in toluene as medium,the DABCO as catalyst heated to 120 ℃ reaction 20 min;synthesized 14 species in high yields(80%-99%) of the aryl sulfide,and 1H NMR,13C NMR and elemental analysis of the product structures were characterized.The reaction simple and under mild conditions,and it was environmentally friend,and the catalyst can be recycled in some cases.The DABCO catalyzed reaction were pointed out.


Due to the quick evolution of manufacturing processes, the demand for more flexible automation systems is on the rise. To answer to these requirements, distributed control architecture based on intelligent drives and CAN networks tends more and more to replace the traditional solutions. CAN was designed and applied in car networking in order to reduce the complexity of the related wiring harnesses. The traditional CAN application technique must be changed in order to achieve the real-time communication constraints of a distributed control system. In this paper is designed a special purpose scheduler for CAN, which ensures a message transmission time smaller than a value estimated from the design stage. Furthermore, the designed architecture has a message recognition mechanism.


We synthesize scanning feedback controls {¿i(t)} for the vibrating string equation ytt(x,t) = yxx(x,t) + Ry(x,t) +¿i=1 N ¿(x-¿i(t))y(x,t), 0 < x < 1, y = 0 at x = 0,1. so that (y,yt) ¿ (0,0) at t ¿ ¿ in the weak topology of H0 1(0, 1) × L2(0, 1).


In the study of the behavior finance, investor sentiment got a significant status. Especially in China Securities Market, investor sentiment could not only be the indicator of predicting the future market, but also the measure of the market vitality. The key to measure the investor sentiment is how to select the measure indicators. The indicators are diversified into three kind of indicators in the previous study. There are subjective indicators, objective indicators, and the component indicators. If we use those indicators directly, it is not suitable for China Securities Market more or less. We considered the dual economic structure and the Characteristic national conditions in China, take the comprehensive price index of agriculture products, price index of large-scale assets, and the component index to build the Polytomized Comprehensive Index of Investor Sentiment in China Security Market, PCIIS which could measure the investor sentiment properly. Finally, we optimize the PCIIS.


To select suitable grid resource for a data parallel application, an idea of pseudo-cluster is introduced. According to resource performance deviation rates, the hosts in an undedicated cluster can compose some pseudo-clusters so that resource performances are close to each other in an identical pseudo-cluster. Dedicated clusters can also be considered pseudo-clusters, thus the idea of pseudo-cluster makes grid resources comparable with each other for any type of applications. The pseudo-cluster with highest integral performance will have applications obtain shortest runtime, which is proved by experimental results.


Blockchain has become very popular as the underlying technology powering Bitcoin. However, the benefits behind this technology further surpass just supporting cryptocurrencies. Blockchain can be defined as a digital ledger that allows to capture transactions conducted among several parties on real-time and serves as a decentralized database where each participant keeps an identical copy of the ledger. The appeal behind blockchain resides on its peer-to-peer network infrastructure along cryptographic capabilities. This combination enables users to conduct transactions without a trusted third-party intermediary. Benefits in accounting are even more promising as blockchain will provide a triple entry accounting system where all transactions are immutable and have been time stamped, recorded on real-time and encrypted (Alarcon & Ng, 2018). The purpose of this paper is to review extant research on this technology and assess the impact of blockchain in the audit profession, including new risks, change in procedures and additional opportunities.


Contributors vii Preface xi PART ONE: ON CHRIS Bibliography of Works by Chris Humphries 1 1 Chris Humphries, Cladistics, and Connections 19 David M. Williams, Kare Bremer, and Sandra Knapp 2 Ontogeny and Systematics Revisited: Developmental Models and Model Organisms 35 Stephen Blackmore and Alexandra H. Wortley 3 Rooted in Cladistics: Chris Humphries, Conservation--and Beyond? 47 Richard I. Vane-Wright 4 Do We Need to Describe, Name, and Classify All Species? 67 Quentin D. Wheeler 5 Floras to Phylogenies: Why Descriptive Taxonomy Matters 77 Sandra Knapp and J. Robert Press PART TWO: BOTANY 6 Island Hot Spots: The Challenge of Climate Change 91 David Bramwell 7 Endemism and Evolution of the Macaronesian Flora 101 Mark A. Carine, Arnoldo Santos Guerra, I. Rosana Guma, and J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort 8 Early British Collectors and Observers of the Macaronesian Flora: From Sloane to Darwin 125 Javier Francisco-Ortega, Arnoldo Santos-Guerra, Charlie E. Jarvis, Mark A. Carine, Miguel Menezes de Sequeira, and Michael Maunder PART THREE: CLADISTICS 9 Monophyly and the Two Hierarchies 147 Olivier Rieppel 10 Beyond Belief: The Steady Resurrection of Phenetics 169 David M. Williams, Malte C. Ebach, and Quentin D. Wheeler 11 Monographic Effects on the Stratigraphic Distribution of Brachiopods 197 Gordon B. Curry 12 The Eukaryote Tree of Life 219 Diana Lipscomb PART FOUR: BIOGEOGRAPHY 13 Tethys and Teleosts 243 Peter L. Forey 14 East--West Continental Vicariance in Eucalyptus Subgenus Eucalyptus 267 Pauline Y. Ladiges, Michael J. Bayly, and Gareth J. Nelson 15 Wallacea Deconstructed 305 Lynne R. Parenti and Malte C. Ebach Index 321 About the Editors 335


OBJECTIVE
To study the effect of arthroscopy debridement for adolescent ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with early hip-joint disease.

METHODS
A total of 22 cases (26 hips) of adolescent AS were recruited. There were 15 males and 7 females. The distribution was as follows: left side (n = 10), right side (n = 8) and bilateral (n = 4). The average age was 16 (14 - 19) years old. The procedures included adhesion relief of hip joint, removal of hyperplasic synovial membrane, degenerated cartilage debris and repairing exfoliated debris or exposed subchondral bone on hip joint.

RESULTS
All patients were followed up for an average of 26 (6 - 84) months. Most patients experienced pain relief, restored function and the range of motion. According to Harris hip joint score and VAS pain score evaluation system, the outcomes were excellent (n = 6) fair (n = 14) and poor (n = 2). There was no case of total hip replacement.

CONCLUSION
Arthroscopic debridement for adolescent ankylosing spondylitis with early hip joint disease is effective to improve joint motion and relieve pain.


The economic feasibility of using food-producing crop plants in a closed ecological Life-Support System (CELSS) will ultimately depend on the energy and area (or volume) required to provide the nutritional requirements for each person. Energy and area requirements are, to some extent, inversely related; that is, an increased energy input results in a decreased area requirement and vice versa. A major goal of the research effort was to determine the controlled-environment good-production efficiency of wheat per unit area, per unit time, and per unit energy input.


Understanding the energy alignment at the organic–inorganic semiconductor interface is important for designing organic-based devices. The energy levels of the PTCDA/phosphorene interface were deter...


what basis isthere for optimism concerning the five-year sur vival of patients with gastric cancer? A When werecall thatheresecta bility rate of patients with gastric can cer was approximately 2.9 per cent during the years between 1916 and 1930, and rose to 39.8 per cent for the five-year period between 1942 and 1946, it becomes apparent that earlier diagnosis, refinements in technique, and improvements in preand post operative management have tremen dously increased the number of patients with resectable gastric cancer. A recently reported series shows that 35 per cent of patients with resectable gastric cancer may be expected to live five years or longer. This is impressive evidence that earlier diagnosis and aggressive treatment may properly be expected to result in appreciable im provement of the five-year—survival rate for patients with gastric cancer.


Increased production from The Processed Foods Sub Sector will have an impact on increasing investment realization obtained from domestic and foreign investment, as well as a support for economic growth in Indonesia. The greater the return of investment, the better the company's and national economy's condition. The research's goal was to investigate the impact of liquidity, leverage, and company size on firm value, with profitability serving as an intervening variable. This research is a causal associative quantitative study on non-cyclical consumer companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the processed foods sub-sector from 2018 to 2020, utilizing a purposive sampling technique, with 14 companies chosen as samples. This study's data processing technique makes use of the program SmartPLS 3.0. The results showed: 1) profitability was unaffected by liquidity 2) liquidity has no discernible impact on business value 3) profitability was unaffected by leverage 4) leverage has a substantial beneficial impact on business value 5) the size of the firm had no effect on profitability 6) firm size has no bearing on firm value 7) profitability has a substantial beneficial impact on business value 8) profitability has little effect on business value while liquidity is in it 9) profitability has little effect on company value when leverage is present 10) profitability has little effect on business value when firm size is small. Profitability and leverage both have a positive and considerable impact on business value. This indicates that profitability growth is an important factor that drives firm value. The bigger the company's profitability, the greater the profit and the higher the company's value, the higher the leverage value. The findings indicate that profitability and leverage have a significant impact on business value.
Keywords: Liquidity; Leverage; Size; Profitability; Firm Value.


Background Ageing is a heterogenous process characterised by cellular and molecular hallmarks, including changes to haematopoietic stem cells, and is a primary risk factor for chronic diseases. X chromosome inactivation (XCI) randomly transcriptionally silences either the maternal or paternal X in each cell of XX,46 females to balance the gene expression with XY,46 males. Age acquired XCI-skew describes the preferential inactivation of one X chromosome across a tissue, which is particularly prevalent in blood tissues of ageing females and yet its clinical consequences are unknown. Methods We assayed XCI in 1,575 females from the TwinsUK population cohort and employed prospective, cross-sectional, and intra-twin designs to characterise the relationship of XCI-skew with molecular, cellular, and organismal measures of ageing, and cardiovascular disease risk and cancer diagnosis. Results We demonstrate that XCI-skew is independent of traditional markers of biological ageing and is associated with a haematopoietic bias towards the myeloid lineage. Using an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score, which captures traditional risk factors, XCI-skew is associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk both cross-sectionally and within XCI-skew discordant twin pairs. In a prospective 10-year follow-up study, XCI-skew is predictive of future cancer incidence. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that age acquired XCI-skew captures changes to the haematopoietic stem cell population and has clinical potential as a unique biomarker of chronic disease risk.


An Arithmetic logic Unit (ALU) is used in arithmetic, logical function in all processor. It is also an important subsystem in digital system design. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is one of the most important components of any system and is used in many appliances like calculators, cell phones, and computers. A 32-bit ALU was designed using Verilog HDL with the logical gates such as AND and OR for each one bit ALU circuit. The design was implemented in Xilinx. It can work fast than the ALU processor using less power. The design of an ALU and a Cache memory for use in a high performance processor was examined. Reversible logic vital in recent years because it has ability to reduce the power dissipation which is main requirement in low power design. ALU which are designed using non reversible logic gates consume more power. So there is a need for lesser power consumption and the reversible logic has been playing vital role during recent years for low power VLSI Design techniques. This technique helps in reducing power consumption and power dissipation. This paper presents an implementation of ALU based on reversible logic while comparing it to an ALU architecture with the normal logic gates. All the modules are simulated in modelsim SE 6.4c and synthesised using Xilinx ISE 14.5. ALU which is designed using non reversible logic gates consume more power of about 0.312 mw and the implementation of ALU based on reversible logic reduces the power consumption during operations to about 5.1 percentages.


Presented herein are methods and compositions for multiplexed single cell gene expression analysis. Some methods and compositions include the use of droplets and/or beads bearing unique barcodes suchas unique molecular barcodes (UMI).


Photosynthetic rate, relative cell membrane conductivity, proline content and stomatal open state were determined in field plants than test-tube plantlets of almond (Amygdalus communis). The results showed that, at 9:00 in the morning, the order of net photosynthetic rate was strong, middle and weak light intensities. There was a significant difference in relative cell membrane conductivity between field plants and test-tube plantlet under the three different light intensities. Free proline was accumulated under stress; however, the increasing in field plants was greater than that in test-tube plantlets. A bimodal curve change was observed in stomatal open percentage of field plants; however, stomatal open percentage reached 100% in test-tube plantlets during a day. Stomatal openture in test-tube plantlets was greater than that in field plants.


— this paper is focused to the real implementation of the data cluster based on the CEPH [1] technology. The first part is focused to the solution with geographically separated nodes placed on the shared network infrastructure. Each node; store point is in different physical location and on different subnets. The second part of this paper shows the comparison of the separated node and non-separated nodes. The non-separated solution is located in one room with one isolated network infrastructure. Realized test show the dependency of number of concurrent clients connected to the cluster and cluster read/write bandwidth. These tests show the potential limits of the developed solution. The test compares the effect of shared infrastructure and geographical separation of data-cluster nodes.


Cardiopulmonary bypass is a complex procedure that involves the maintenance of heart and lung functions using an external system during cardiac surgery. It is prone to significant human errors, which are mainly caused by inappropriate occluder operation that controls the perfusion balance by adjusting flow rates. Hence, there is a requirement for automatic occluder control; however, the relationship between occluder operation and flow rates remains unclear. The aim of this study is to use a steady-state model to evaluate the influence of occluder control on the flow and pressure of a cardiopulmonary bypass system. Perfusion experiments were performed using Newtonian (glycerin solution) and non-Newtonian (erythrocyte turbid solution) fluids to investigate the pressure-flow characteristics modulated by the occluder. We also visualized the fluid to verify the validity of the measurement data. Based on these experimental data, an exponential occlusion-pressure model is derived to express the relationships between the opening ratio of the occluder and flow rate. Estimation is then achieved by combining the occlusion-pressure model with the linear pressure-flow model. Results reveal that the combined model fitted the perfusion experiment data well for the venous and arterial line side ( $R^{2} = 0.946$ and 0.985, respectively; $p < 0.01$ ). Further, leave-one-out cross-validation and Bland–Altman analysis confirmed that the combined model could predict flow rates accurately with minimal proportional and bias errors. Therefore, the proposed model can serve as a basis for the further development of cardiopulmonary manipulation systems.


Rice is one of the most important cereal crops in the world, and 90 % of worldwide rice cultivation takes place in Asia (IRRI, 1993). In India it is the most important staple food crop. More than 90 per cent of Assam's population being rice eaters; it is the only staple food crop in Assam of which autumn rice holds significance because of the food security of about 62.6 per cent of marginal farmers. Being the single major source of agricultural GDP, rice also plays a significant role in the state economy Water is a critical component of all crops and due to water scarcity there is a shift towards low water required crops. Under irrigated system water management reckons challenge as water is becoming scarce and precious over time. In Assam rice is grown throughout the year in three distinct seasons viz. winter, autumn and summer, with winter (kharif) rice as the main crop. Of the state's total rice area of 2.5 million ha, summer (boro/early ahu) rice covers about 0.42 million ha (16.9%) contributing to 23.44 per cent of total rice production with reasonably higher yield (2940 kg/ha) than winter rice (2120 kg/ha). Summer rice has gained importance over the last two decades. Its area increased from only about International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 05 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Recently, the enactment of privacy regulations has promoted the rise of the machine unlearning paradigm. Existing studies of machine unlearning mainly focus on sample-wise unlearning, such that a learnt model will not expose user's privacy at the sample level. Yet we argue that such ability of selective removal should also be presented at the attribute level, especially for the attributes irrelevant to the main task, e.g., whether a person recognized in a face recognition system wears glasses or the age range of that person. Through a comprehensive literature review, it is found that existing studies on attribute-related problems like fairness and de-biasing learning cannot address the above concerns properly. To bridge this gap, we propose a paradigm of selectively removing input attributes from feature representations which we name `attribute unlearning'. In this paradigm, certain attributes will be accurately captured and detached from the learned feature representations at the stage of training, according to their mutual information. The particular attributes will be progressively eliminated along with the training procedure towards convergence, while the rest of attributes related to the main task are preserved for achieving competitive model performance. Considering the computational complexity during the training process, we not only give a theoretically approximate training method, but also propose an acceleration scheme to speed up the training process. We validate our method by spanning several datasets and models and demonstrate that our design can preserve model fidelity and reach prevailing unlearning efficacy with high efficiency. The proposed unlearning paradigm builds a foundation for future machine unlearning system and will become an essential component of the latest privacy-related legislation.


Drive device of a plasma display panel according to the invention a) sustain Y timing signal and the Z timing signal pulses are applied and a first controller unit for outputting the peak pulse forming signal and a second peak pulse form signals, b) Y timing according to signal scan electrode driver for applying sustain pulses to the scan electrode, c) a sustain electrode driver for applying a sustain pulse to sustain electrodes according to the Z timing signal, d) a first forming the peak pulse signal output by the controller unit the first peak pulse generator to the input receives the output of the first peak pulse, e) the first coupling circuit unit, f) overlapping the first peak pulse output from the first peak pulse generator to the first sustain pulse applied to the scan electrode receiving the second peak pulse formed output signal by a controller unit for outputting a second pulse peak second peak pulse generator, and g) the second peak pulse generator A second peak pulse is output from a second coupling circuit overlapping the first sustain pulse applied to the sustain electrode. The driving method of a plasma display panel according to the invention is the sustain pulse is superimposed on the sustain pulse applied to the first peak pulse scan electrodes when the applied alternately to the scan electrode and the sustain electrode, a second peak pulse sustain electrode to be applied to is characterized in that superimposed on the sustain pulse.


Abstract Power electronics plays an important role in the control and conversion of modern electric power systems. In particular, to integrate various renewable energies using DC transmissions and to provide more flexible power control in AC systems, significant efforts have been made in the modulation and control of power electronics devices. Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a well developed technology in the conversion between AC and DC power sources, especially for the purpose of harmonics reduction and energy optimization. As a fundamental decoupled control method, vector control with PI controllers has been widely used in power systems. However, significant power loss occurs during the operation of these devices, and the loss is often dissipated in the form of heat, leading to significant maintenance effort. Though much work has been done to improve the power electronics design, little has focused so far on the investigation of the controller design to reduce the controller energy consumption (leading to power loss in power electronics) while maintaining acceptable system performance. This paper aims to bridge the gap and investigates their correlations. It is shown a more thoughtful controller design can achieve better balance between energy consumption in power electronics control and system performance, which potentially leads to significant energy saving for integration of renewable power sources.


ABSTRACT
 When possible, oviparous females should deposit eggs in sites that maximize the future performance of their offspring. Therefore, studies of oviposition behavior may uncover parameters important to offspring fitness. Gravid female Aedes albopictus (Skuse) were given a choice of containers with leaf infusion or plain water, either open or with a cover with a small opening, and their behavior was compared under summer (long day, higher temperature) or fall (short day, lower temperature) regimes. Open containers with leaf infusion were always preferred, but over time, summer females expanded their choices to oviposit in all containers and follow-up experiments indicated that the number of eggs laid was inversely correlated to the number of eggs present. In contrast, fall females laying diapausing eggs that do not hatch until the spring, accumulated eggs in open containers with food resulting in high egg densities. Combined, these results demonstrate a seasonal shift that suggests either high winter egg mortality or safety in numbers. It also demonstrates that female Ae. albopictus change their behavior based on cues associated with expected added risk, which varies across time and space. The wide distribution of summer eggs across container types may contribute to the fast expansion of Ae. albopictus across its invasive range, but egg accumulation in the fall may be exploited for control.


PUBLICITY IS A CENTRAL TOPIC IN THE AREA OF COMMERCIAL LAW, SINCE IT GIVES FIRM SUPPORT TO THE DETERMINATION AND CERTAINTY OF LEGAL TRANSACTIONS. IN THIS ESSAY THE AUTHOR ARGUES THAT NEW LEGISLATION ON THE DIGITALIZATION OF THE COMMERCIAL REGISTRY, WOULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE MODERNIZATION OF COMMERCIAL LAW. IN THIS WAY, THE AUTHOR EXAMINES LEGAL DOCTRINE AND CASE LAW, IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY THE RULES THAT ARE APPLICABLE TO SAID REGISTRY, IN FACE OF THE MODERNIZATION THAT IT HAS EXPERIENCED, BOTH AT THE LEVEL OF THE COMMERCE CODE AND THE RESPECTIVE ADMINISTRATIVE RULING. THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT THE MODERNIZATION OF THE COMMERCIAL REGISTRY THROUGH A SOFTWARE CALLED SISTEMA INTEGRAL DE GESTION REGISTRAL, IS HIGHLY POSITIVE, IF IT IS ESTABLISHED ON


This study aims to find out whether the focus group discussion method can improve the ability of PKN, Sociology, Economics and Natural Sciences teachers in Kerambitan 1 High School, Kerambitan District in preparing the Syllabus and Characterized Learning Implementation Plan (RPP). This type of research is a school action research (PTS) which consists of 2 (two) cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages: action planning, action implementation, observation and data collection, and reflection. The subjects of the study were PKN, Sociology, Economics and Natural Sciences teachers in SMA Negeri 1 Kerambitan, totaling 16 people consisting of 7 IPS group teachers and 9 science teachers. Data about the ability of MIPA teachers to compile syllabi and lesson plans was collected by the document study method. Then the data were analyzed descriptively. The results obtained from this study stated that: 1) the initial acquisition value of the syllabus was 62.56 with less categories at the beginning of Cycle I, increasing to 64.13 with enough categories at the end of Cycle I and being 71.63 with enough categories at the end of the Cycle II. 2) The initial ability to compile the RPP obtained a value of 61.81 with a less category, to 70.00 with enough categories at the end of Cycle 1 and to 73.00 with enough categories at the end of cycle II. The conclusion obtained from this study is that the focus group discussion method can improve the ability of MIPA teachers in Kerambitan 1 High School in preparing the Character Syllabus and Learning Implementation Plan (RPP).


TIME OF WONDER, the film, is true to the book, Time of Wonder, by Robert McCloskey. Less like a story than a series of poetic expressions, Mr. McCloskey captures the change of seasons as viewed from an island in Maine. The film begins in the spring time, with the slow and gentle sprinkling of rains that tickle the island. Summer approaches with its afternoons of swimming fun and evenings of crab hunts under starry skies. As fall approaches, activity quickens, with islanders preparing for a strong, aggressive winter. With winter upon them, the islanders huddle close together, using stories and song to distract them from the hurricane brewing beyond their doors. The ends of the film confronts the end of another summer, when visitors to the island return home for the start of school -"A little bit sad about the place you are leaving, a little bit glad about the place you are going."


A thesis submitted to the coordination of MBA program in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Business Administration, Option of Accounting


The present invention relates to a slide apparatus for a portable device having a first unit and a second unit which engage in a sliding movement. The slide apparatus for interconnecting the first unit and the second unit includes a main body having a base connected to the first unit, a slider connected to the second unit and which slides along an axial line for movement relative to the main body, and an elastic member for providing an elastic force between the main body and the slider. The main body has a projected surface that projects relative to the base. The slider has first and second legs which contact the projected surface of the main body and are disposed along a first movement direction of the axial line. The projected surface of the main body has a first groove and a second groove for accommodating the first leg and the second leg, respectively. The first and second legs or the first and second grooves include tilted surfaces for enabling the legs to be released from the grooves in the direction opposite to the first movement direction.


Parenting stress is influenced by parents' perceptions of their relationships with their children, which can vary widely for each parent depending on which child in the family is being considered. Because this within-parent variation is rarely studied, we investigated some of the differential perceptions that arise with respect to children's behaviour problems and parent–child negativity/positivity. Participants included a national sample of adoptive parents of 486 pairs of genetically unrelated siblings. Mothers reported different perceptions of their sibling children, and within the family, the child who was rated higher in behaviour problems also was regarded with more negativity and less positivity. Furthermore, the magnitude of the difference was uncorrelated with various indicators of the family and home environment, including parental education and occupational prestige, type of housing and crowding in the home, and progressive versus traditional childrearing attitudes. This pattern of results was consistent with three previously published sibling studies utilizing similar methods. The results point to the importance of examining child effects and within-parent differences in subjective aspects of the parenting experience. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Electrophoresis for isoenzymes and SDSproteins were applied to investigate the genetic differentiation among the populations of the agamid spiny-tailed lizard Uromastyx ornata philbyi inhabit the South Western Saudi Arabia. Samples were selected from four localities of Taif, Wadi-Fatimah near Makkah, Al-Baha and Jazan. A range of 13 to 19 protein bands were recorded in the pattern of the studied populations as measured by SDSpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, from which eight were common. The similarity coefficient that was calculated according to the number of sharing bands was found to be 0.69 between AlBaha and Jazan populations, 0.63 between AlBaha and Taif-Wadi Fatimah populations and 0.58 between Taif-Wadi Fatimah and Jazan populations. Six arbitrary chosen enzymes were examined by native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They were peroxidase (Px), Aldehyde oxidase (Ao), acid phosphatase (Acph), Alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh), α and β esterase (Est). Thirteen presumptive gene loci and twenty three heterogeneous alleles have been recorded. Monomeric, dimeric and trimeric alleles were identified in the studied samples. Adh and β Est-2 discriminated clearly among the studied populations. The dimeric alleles of Adh-2 was characteristic to the population of AlBaha. Adh-1 was trimeric in both Al-Baha and Taif-Wadi Fatimah populations but it was dimeric in Jazan population. β Est-2 recorded trimeric alleles in Taif-Wadi Fatimah population and dimeric alleles in Jazan population and only one dimeric sample has been identified in AlBaha population. The constructed tree based on the sharing protein bands and isozyme alleles has discriminated the populations of U. o. philbyi into two genetic groups: the cluster of AlBaha and Jazan west to Sarawat Mountains and group of Taif east to Sarawat Mountains. This result indicated that the situation of U. o. philbyi as endangered taxon could be categorized in Appendix I of Cites convention instead of Appendix II. Further investigation, on the DNA level, for more samples of this subspecies and its sympatric subspecies U. o. ornata should be undergone.


Background. Residency is the main stage in the training of highly qualified medical personnel. Requirements for the level of training and professional values of future doctors are increasing, approaches to training and assessment technologies are changing, which imposes additional responsibility on all participants in the educational process: teachers, mentors and residents.
Aim. To identify the factors and conditions that affect the professional adaptation of residents in the first months of training.
Material and methods. The study involved 369 residents studying at Kazan State Medical University, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan State Medical Academy, aged 22 to 36 years. Residents were subdivided into groups according to the following criteria: specialty, place of previous training, basis of training (by general competition, target, commercial), gender, age, clinical base of residency. An original questionnaire developed by the authors containing 27 questions was used. Questions of the questionnaire concerned various aspects of the adaptation of residents. Filling the questionnaire was anonymous and was carried out using Internet survey technology via Yandex Forms. Statistical analysis and visualization of the obtained data were performed using the StatTech v. 3.0.9. Categorical data were described with absolute values and percentages. Comparison of percentages in the analysis of multifield contingency tables was performed using Pearson's 2 test.
Results. Satisfaction with training was considered as one of the indicators of successful adaptation of residents. Based on the results of the 1st and 2nd months of residency training, 48.2% of respondents showed satisfaction with their training. There were no significant differences in the degree of satisfaction among residents of various specialties (p=0.424). Statistically significant differences (method used Pearson's 2) were established by the presence of a mentor/curator, as well as cases of disrespectful attitude on the part of the medical staff of the clinical base where they were trained, patients and their relatives, and the administration of the institution (p 0.05). The dependence of the process of residents adaptation on the chosen specialty, place of previous training, the basis of training (by general competition, target, commercial), gender, age, clinical base of residency was not found.
Conclusion. The conditions for successful adaptation of residents are the presence of a mentor from a medical organization, the accuracy of the instructions received, the frequency of meetings with a teacher/curator, the attention of the head of the department to the work and study of residents, and the motivation for learning from the residents themselves.


We report that the optical damage in BiB 3 O 6 crystals is caused by photorefractive effect. The photo-induced birefringence change is 1.87 × 10 -3 at exposure to Ar-ion laser of 64.5 kW/cm2for an hour.


The article systematizes the material on the construction of the technological map of the lesson. An example of a step-by-step development of a math lesson for the 5th grade on the topic "Signs of divisibility by 3 and 9" and the author's version of filling out the technological map of the lesson is presented.


Regular variation is an analytic condition on the tails of a probability distribution which is necessary for an extended central limit theorem to hold, when the tails are too heavy to allow attraction to a normal limit. The limiting distributions which can occur are called operator stable. In this paper we show that moving averages of random vectors with regularly varying tails are in the generalized domain of attraction of an operator stable law. We also prove that the sample autocovariance matrix of these moving averages is in the generalized domain of attraction of an operator stable law on the vector space of symmetric matrices.


Ca2+ from ryanodine receptors (RYR) does not control the activity of Ca2+‐activated K+ channels (BKCa) in microvascular smooth muscle (μVSM), unlike other systems. To further test this hypothesis, hamster cremaster arterioles were isolated, cannulated, pressurized to 80 cm H2O, loaded with Fluo 4 and confocally imaged. In vessels with myogenic tone under control conditions, we saw no Ca2+ sparks, but Ca2+ flashes were seen in 39% of μVSM (n = 198). Phenylephrine (1 μM) increased sparks (9%) and flashes (88%) (n = 207, p < 0.05). To test if Ca2+ entry through voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) controls BKCa, we measured diameter responses at 20 cm H2O to the BKCa antagonist, tetraethylammonium (TEA, 1 mM) in the absence and presence of a VGCC agonist, BayK 8644 (~5 nM). TEA alone caused only a 2 ± 1 μm constriction. BayK constricted vessels from 50 ± 2 μm to 38 ± 2 μm (p < 0.05). With BayK, TEA constrictions increased to 16 ± 1 μm (n = 8, p < 0.05). In Fluo 4 loaded vessels at 20 cm H2O, no Ca2+ sparks were observed, and flashes were seen in only 25% of μVSM (n = 163). In the presence of BayK, a few sparks were observed (3%), but flashes increased substantially to 87% (n = 177, p < 0.05) along with a 55% increase in global Fluo 4 intensity. Our data indicate that the activity of BKCa are not coupled to RYR in μVSM. Instead, our findings support the hypothesis that Ca2+ entry through VGCC controls BKCa activity in arterioles. Supported by PHS grant HL32469 to WFJ.