This paper discusses about Dijkstra-Scholten's termination detection algorithm for centralized networks and Shavit-Francez's generalization to decentralized networks. Also it discusses the results that are produced when the algorithm is implemented on various topologies with different number of processes and different number of initiator processes to measure the overhead to detect termination (i.e. number of control messages). Keywords-process; termination; event; computation;


Issues of identity and gender roles have been dealt by researchers worldwide over a long period of time. The prescriptive gender roles have always created immense tensions and conflict in every culture. Various authors have added to the rich legacy of gender roles by presenting authentic as well as fictional narratives. These texts highlight the unexplored voices and focus on the limitations that gender roles have created. Devdutt Pattanaik holds a prominent position in the contemporary literary scenario. His works highlight the various ignored voices in Indian mythology and creates alternative readings of certain popular voices as well. This research paper is an attempt to explore identity and gender roles in two select texts of Pattanaik, The Pregnant King and Shikhandi and Other Tales They Don't Tell You. The paper looks into the concept of identity and gender on the basis of the theoretical framework of gender theories, specifically that of Judith Butler, John Beynon and Geetha V on which the analysis of the select texts is based. The researchers attempt to study the select texts from the perspective of prescriptive gender roles dictated by the society and the conflict arising out of such norms. Keywords: gender, identity, mythology, queer, patriarchy, maternal etc.


SUMMARY. The distribution of the difference of two independent generalized Gompertz vari ables and the conditional distributions of each given their difference are derived. The former result is used to obtain the exact distribution of the quotient of two independent generalized gamma variables.


The vertical vehicle dynamics causes glare stimuli on the oncoming driver's eye during nighttime driving. In order to investigate the effect of these glare stimuli on the human vision, a description of dynamic glare is presented for the time range from 0.3 second to 10 seconds. An adaptation model explains the disability glare effect, it allows determining the readaptation time by computing the temporal course of the threshold enhancement factor. The discomfort glare aspect is examined by the evaluation of observers with the dynamic glare rate. An equation is derived, which is able to calculate the dynamic discomfort glare rate for glare stimuli of rectangular shape. For the covering abstract see ITRD E123380.


The aim of this research is to show the value of marriage in An Ideal Husband drama by using feminist perspective. It is done by establishing two objectives: analyzing the drama based on its structural elements and analyzing the drama based on feminist analysis. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The object of the study is Oscar Wilde's An Ideal Husband (1895) drama published in 2006 by Pennsylvania State University. The data sources are divided into two namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data source is script of An Ideal Husband (1895) drama and the secondary data sources are other materials taken from books, journal, and internet related to the study. Both data are collected through library research and analyzed by descriptive analysis. The study comes to the following conclusion. First, based on structural elements analysis, it shows that character and characterization, setting, plot, style, and theme are related to each other and form a unity. Second, based on feminist analysis, Oscar Wilde illustrates the lack of value of marriage in Victorian era which suffers the women. It is necessary to implement the value of marriage in marriage life and it must be done by husband and wife equally in order to have long last marriage.


ABSTRACT Gas carburizing is the most widely used process for surface hardening of critical components used in automobiles, heavy duty machines, etc. In this process the surface composition of the carbon steel changes by diffusion of carbon and results in a hard outer surface with good wear resistance properties. Fatigue behavior of case hardened parts depends largely on the correct combination of its magnitude and depth of hardness penetration without undue distortion. An industrial survey indicates that there is a rejection of 10–12% of case hardened components due to defects like low hardness and strength after hardening, distortion, and warping. Optimal control of the process parameters is the way to ensure the quality of the surface hardened part. This paper is the result of the investigation carried out using limit design concept called Taguchi's Technique in the optimization of process variables in gas carburizing.


Since the oil embargos of the 1970s, the fossil fuel industry and allied energy interests have helped manufacture a variety of discursive narratives that an alternative energy revolution is on the horizon which will someday replace conventional fuels with clean, renewable, noncarbonized sources of energy. A closer inspection of the industry's investments and rhetoric, however, suggests that they are currently investing most of their historic profits in creating a future largely driven by unconventional fossil fuel dependence, intensive hydraulic fracking, and the continued control of the energy sector by essentially the same transnational corporations that control the market today. This article offers a critical analysis of the historical roots of our fossil fuel dependency, some of the key socioenvironmental threats associated with the emerging Third Carbon Era, and the myriad dangers associated with a future based on unconventional energy development, hydraulic fracking, and other "extreme energy" technologies. Focusing on the growing social and ecological impacts of natural gas fracking as a case in point, particularly its myth as a "bridge fuel" to a clean energy future, it is argued that these energy trends represent yet another "New Species of Trouble" in the Risk Society of late modernity.


In South Africa, as in other parts of the world, Biodiversity Informatics (BDI) has been identified as a young field of science that lies at the nexus of several disciplines, including informatics, biology and mathematics/statistics. Being such a new and dynamic field, there are challenges in the recruitment, training and retention of personnel that can support inter alia the mobilisation, management, coordination, and utilisation of biodiversity information for key conservation and biodiversity outcomes. The lack of human capital also place at risk the implementation of (e.g.) the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), and hinders attainment of the Convention on Biological Diversity post-2020 framework targets. There is a clear demand for broad efforts to build human capital in the field. Using our experiences in South Africa, we provide a framework for establishing BDI as a field of science in developing countries and look at the potential building blocks towards this broad objective, including the need and requirements for the establishment of a Centre for BDI. We explore this concept against a backdrop of the South African government's 2019 White Paper on Science, Technology and Innovation, and the associated Decadal Plan, both developed under the auspices of the Department of Science and Innovation. We also reflect on efforts in the broader landscape to look at the establishment of BDI curricula.


In November 2010, The Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting) distributed a survey where 53 % of the responding municipalities declared that they use ...


Using the transaction data and trading halts data from Shenzhen A stock exchange in 2006,this paper empirically investigates the stocks with same halt reason(general meeting of shareholders) and different resumption forms(open or close call auction).The results indicate that,compared with close call auction,open call auction in stock resumption improves transparency,accelerates revelation of new information,enhance enthusiasm of the traders participating in opening auction,and finally let the resumption price reflect the proclaim information more fully.Furthermore,during the subsequent period following resumption,the trading is more liquid and less volatile under open call auction mechanism than under close call auction mechanism.As a result,the use of open call auction can evidently improve the price discovery efficiency of trading halts.


The development of an amoebal enrichment method, for the recovery of viable Legionella pneumophila from clinical materials is described. The method has been used successfully in five of six cases of Legionnaires' disease in which L pneumophila was isolated. Studies on those L pneumophila isolates led to the discovery that virulent legionellae are attracted to, and attack suitable host amoebae, rather than infection following chance ingestion.


The concentration of T‐cell receptor rearrangement excision DNA circles (TRECs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is currently known to be a marker of recent thymic emigrants. We evaluated the hypothesis that TREC values would be lower in childhood T‐cell hematopoietic malignancies than in childhood B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or healthy controls because the former category may reflect compromised thymic function. From the Greek national childhood leukemia/lymphoma database we obtained all 30 available T‐cell leukemia/non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma cases, 30 age‐ and sex‐matched childhood B‐cell origin cases of ALL and 60 healthy hospital controls. We compared TREC levels in PBMCs using a real‐time PCR assay. There was highly significant reduction of TREC values in children with T‐cell malignancies (median 3,100 TRECs/106 PBMCs), whereas children with B‐cell origin ALL had slightly but nonsignificantly lower TREC values compared to healthy children (medians 19,300 and 22,500 TRECs/106 PBMCs, respectively). During a median follow‐up period of about 19 months, only 4 children died. All of them had a T‐cell hematopoietic malignancy and relatively low TREC values. The number of TRECs was higher among healthy girls than among healthy boys, and a similar pattern was evident in T‐cell malignancies. It appears that there is a pattern of concordance of high TREC values with better disease prognosis in hematologic childhood malignancies. This applies to specific disease entities with better prognosis (B‐cell origin ALL having higher TREC values than T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma) and to gender, another important predictor of prognosis conditional on disease entity (girls having higher TREC values than boys); however, it may also be true for the survival of individual patients. These preliminary findings can be used as hypothesis‐generating indications that should be confirmed in larger data sets. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Internal jugular vein (IJV) cannulation is a stan-dard procedure for critically ill patients that should be performed under ultrasound (US) guidance. The use of two-dimensional US was found to decrease the risk of total adverse events by 71% in a recent review that included 35 studies and 5,108 participants. 1 Major complications such as hemothorax, mediastinal hematoma, cardiac tamponade, or chylothorax. 2 Accidental arterial puncture and hematoma are the two most re-duced complications by pre-procedure US location of vessels. 1 Several techniques with their specific complications are described. Common the most


The utility model relates to a transportation robot with seven active degrees, and the transportation robot comprises a large arm, a small arm, a movable platform, a rack, a first linear driver, a second linear driver, a third linear driver, a fourth linear driver, a fifth linear driver, a sixth linear driver and a seventh linear driver, wherein the large arm is driven by the first linear driver, the small arm is driven by the second linear driver, the third linear driver and the fourth linear driver which are connected in parallel so as to realize the three-dimensional rotation. The transportation robot has the advantages of large operating space, flexibility in track output, large rigidity, strong loading capacity, small accumulative error, high precision and the like.


The aim of this research is to shed light on the foreign policy of the United States of America during the administration of Barack Obama (2009 - 2017) and Donald Trump (2017 - 2021), towards the United Nations, and to identify the differences and similarities between the two administrations towards the international organization. The shift of US foreign policy toward the United Nations between the Obama and Trump administrations had repercussions on the international organization and global crises. The research also relied methodically on the comparative analytical method, and structurally included four sections, and a conclusion.


Pharmaceutical Services at the health care centre become an integral part of the implementation of health efforts. They play an essential role in improving the quality of health services for the community. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between planning and procurement of drugs and pharmaceutical services at the Health Office of Kolaka District. The study was a quantitative observational study using a cross-sectional study design. The populations in this study were Pharmacists and Pharmaceutical Technical Workers at the Pharmacy Installation and Community Health Center in Kolaka District consisting of 56 people. The numbers of samples in this study were 36 people determined using simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed that there is a relationship between drug planning and pharmaceutical services. Furthermore, there is a relationship between drug procurement and pharmaceutical services. It is expected that revitalization of drug warehouses that are not in accordance with the standards. Additionally, the health care centre facilities in Kolaka Regency are also required, such as standardized pallet medicine cabinets, filing cabinets, psychotropic and narcotics cabinets, split air conditioners, and patient waiting rooms.


This research describes the use of GeoAI, a geospatial data-based artificial intelligence, to improve the understanding and management of health in a global context. GeoAI enables the integration of geographic data such as maps, satellite images, and environmental information with artificial intelligence technology to analyze disease spread, health risk factors, and health resource management more accurately. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The type of research used is a literature study. The literature review database used is by searching on Google Scholar, Scopus, and Google Book. The results of this study show that the basic concept of GeoAI involves more accurate spatial analysis, disease spread monitoring, disease outbreak prediction, and more efficient health resource management. However, challenges such as access to adequate data, lack of understanding among health professionals, and data privacy and security issues need to be addressed for GeoAI to be effectively implemented. In conclusion, GeoAI has great potential in improving public health and addressing global health challenges, but requires careful steps in its implementation.


The current waste management system does not only focus on environmental issues but also on social and economic aspects. Therefore, an integrated solid waste management system (ISWMS) has been widely implemented; however, most of the implemented systems have been addressed issues partially in such factors as technology or informal sector involvement. This study integrates three groups directly involved in waste management system particularly in developing countries comprising the government, the society, and the informal sector. This type of integration is believed to be able to reduce waste in the source, improve the waste pickers' income, and enhance regional waste management performance leading to the decrease of environmental pollution. In addition, maximizing waste reduction through recycling processes is also likely to lead to circular economy which is proven to efficiently save virgin natural resources. This study employed a dynamics system using Powersim 10 software. The simulation results showed that waste reduction in the source significantly enhanced, income of the informal sector increased, waste management performance improved yet the budgeting decreased, and exploitation of virgin natural resources decreased. The results showed that the percentage of the AME is 0.755% and that of the AVE is 0.172%. The percentage also indicates that the validation for the key variable is classified good.


Abstract Since teacher work engagement is argued to substantially affect education quality and learners' performance, unveiling the factors affecting teacher engagement is of high significance. As an attempt to explore the antecedents of this construct in English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) teachers, we tested a structural model of work engagement based on teachers' professional identity, grit, and foreign language teaching enjoyment. A sample of 476 EFL teachers in Iran was requested to complete an online survey constituting the valid scales of the four constructs. Structural equation modeling (SEM) results indicated that the model fitted the data sufficiently. The model revealed that teachers' grit, professional identity, and foreign language teaching enjoyment were the direct correlates of work engagement. Additionally, professional identity affected work engagement indirectly via foreign language teaching enjoyment and grit. Also, foreign language teaching enjoyment influenced work engagement through the mediation of grit. We conclude our study with a discussion on the implications of the findings.


The street space near university is a typical one which most of people could experience university culture and further an important factor to constitute the city image. However, if we take a careful look at the environment of current university area, the formula "university area=amusement center" is naturally accepted and the environment of university area is occupied as the amusement center with onsumption orientation in the commercialization, unplanned street environment and the space of merchandized capital. Therefore, we, through this research, grope for the plan to improve the environment for the formation of desirable university culture after grasping the actual status of street of university area and propose the basic material for reference when consolidating or planning the university streets in the future.


The accumulation of six heavy metals in fine-grained sediments from the sediments of the late marshes and swamps of southern Iraq is evaluated. The dynamic features of Euphrates and Tigris rivers influence the distribution of the metals in the study area. In the analysed sediments Co, Zn, Cr and Cu concentrations approach the average concentration in the Earth's crust and uncontaminated sediments. The reported results indicate that Pb, Ni, and Cd are slightly enriched which may reflect anthropogenic effect. It is believed that metals in the study area were derived mainly from the igneous mineral deposits in the Iraq-Iran Mountain range. The reported results could be useful to the intended near future restoration activities in the studied marches and swamps.


Hypocalcaemia is a common but transient complication post Parathyroid surgery. In patients who have gone through bariatric surgery including Roux-En-Y the risk increases further. We present a challenging case report of a patient with history of RYGB who underwent parathyroidectomy and consequently developed refractory hypocalcaemia. Hypocalcaemia was managed conservatively initially but subsequently required higher doses of both intravenous and oral calcium along with teriparatide. Patients post Bariatric surgery including those who have undergone Roux-en-Y who are proceeding with Parathyroid procedures should be followed up closely for hypocalcaemia.


Five hundred and ten multiparous sows were allocated at 66 days after mating to one of 6 dietary treatments that were imposed for the subsequent 35 days. The dietary treatments were 5 feeding levels of 2.2, 2.6, 3.0, 3.4, and 3.8 kg/day of a gestation diet containing 12.9 MJ DE/kg, 127 g crude protein/kg, and 5.6 g lysine/kg, plus a protein intake treatment where sows received 2.8 kg/day of a lactation diet containing 13.8 MJ DE/kg, 168 g crude protein/kg, and 8.3 g lysine/kg. After the treatment period, all sows were offered the lactation diet at the common feeding level of 3.0 kg/day and after farrowing, all sows were offered this diet ad libitum throughout lactation. Increasing feeding levels between Day 66 and Day 101 of pregnancy increased (P < 0.001) liveweight gain prior to farrowing but increased (P < 0.001) liveweight loss during lactation. The majority of the extra maternal energy intake during mid to late gestation was deposited as maternal gain. These linear weight responses during lactation were explained by the significant inverse relationship between voluntary daily feed intake in lactation (FI) and average daily digestible energy intake in the previous gestation (DE): FI = 9.93 (0.90) − 0.113 (0.026) DE ,R 2 = 0.83 ,P = 0.012 Neither increasing the feeding level during mid to late gestation nor increasing the protein content of the diet had any significant effect on litter birth weight, average piglet birth weight, or the standard deviation of individual piglet birth weight within the litter. In addition, there were no significant effects of gestation feeding treatments on litter size weaned or weaning weight. Furthermore, neither increasing the feeding level during mid to late gestation nor increasing the protein content of the gestation diet had any significant effect on subsequent fertility or litter size. In conclusion, when average individual piglet birth weight is already well in excess of 1.5 kg, there is no significant response to feed intake levels between 2.2 and 3.8 kg/day when offered between Day 66 and Day 101 of gestation. Additional keyword: birth weight.


Powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Golovinomyces cichoracearum (formerly known as Erysiphe cichoracearum), can cause economic losses in lettuce fields harvested in March and April, the last months of the production season in western Arizona. A field study was conducted to evaluate 14 different cultivars of lettuce for potential resistance to this disease. Cultivars Two Star and Big Green COS were very resistant to powdery mildew. All other tested cultivars would have required application of fungicides to reduce the amount of powdery mildew to acceptable levels. On the other hand, planting lettuce cultivars with some disease tolerance may require less fungicide inputs to achieve acceptable disease control compared to planting very susceptible cultivars. Among tested cultivars, Slugger was most susceptible to powdery mildew.


Three dimensional (3D) printing is the most widely used technology in reconstructive surgery to fabricate complex maxillofacial prosthesis. 3D Bioprinting, a combination of 3D printing and tissue engineering is a rapidly expanding technology in the field of regenerative medicine for autograft production. It is an additive manufacturing process in which there is computer-aided deposition of living cells with extracellular matrix (ECM) components with a biomaterial in particular combinations, for the fabrication of 3D biologically active tissue. In this review, we introduced the techniques, principles, limitations and future prospects of 3D bioprinting, a method that can open up new avenues in reconstructive surgery, by solving the problem of organ shortage and decreasing the donor site morbidity.


The global challenge for the mining sector is the problem of "decarbonization" of coal mining. The modeling of emission flows of coalmine methane is stipulated by the need to prove the environmental effect of the implemented technological changes. For longwall geotechnology, the dynamics of methane concentration in the gas–air mixture extracted by the degassing system reflects the complex relationship between emission and geomechanical processes in the rock mass. In this regard, the aim of the work was to improve the methods for assessing the steps of caving the main roof when mining gas-coal seams. The method of work consisted of processing experimental data (smoothing—Loess, three-dimensional interpolation, regression—the method of least squares) to obtain reliable response functions in three-dimensional space. When developing algorithms in the Python language, the Vi Improved text editor was used. Graphical representation of the results was carried out in "Gnuplot". As a result of modeling, it was found that the increase in the span of the main roof from 83 to 220 m (S = 1340–1120 m) in the distance range of 120 m in front of the stoping face line and up to 50 m behind it (L = −120–50 m) leads to an alternating cyclicity of local extrema of the dynamics of methane release, according to a polynomial dependence. This fact is a consequence of the implementation of deformation-wave processes in geo-environments, which produce cyclic nonlinearities in the nature of the aero-gas regime of mine methane emissions into anthropogenically disturbed rock masses. In addition, the influence of the situational geomechanical conditions of the excavation area in the goaf was clarified. This makes it possible to reliably identify the caving steps of the main roof.


This paper analyzes the accuracy of count data estimated by the point-in-polygon method. A point-in-polygon interpolation model is proposed, based on a stochastic distribution of points and the target zone, in order to represent a variety of situations. The accuracy of estimates is numerically investigated in relation to the size of the target zone and the distribution of points, and the optimal location of representative points is discussed. The major findings of this paper are as follows: (1) though the relative accuracy of estimates generally increases monotonously with the size of the target zone, the monotoneity is often disturbed by the periodicity in the spatial configuration of source zones and the point distribution; (2) the point-in-polygon and the areal weighting interpolation methods have the same accuracy of estimates when points are concentrated in less than 12–15 percent area around the representative point in source zones; (3) the point-in-polygon method is not so robust against the locational gap between points and the representative point; (4) the optimal location of representative points is given by the spatial median of points.


Abstract Using annual data, the paper studies the time-series evidence regarding the allocation of fluctuations in the exchange rate between demand components, real growth, and price inflation in a sample of developing and advanced countries. The evidence reveals patterns of interaction between the macro-economy and exchange rate variability. Across developing countries, appreciation decreases the cost of imports and price inflation, while depreciation shrinks the output supply, indicating high dependency on imported goods. The reduction in output supply correlates with higher inflation and an increase in the import value. In contrast, the evidence of the negative effect of currency appreciation on output growth is more prevalent across advanced countries, while depreciation stimulates competitiveness, resulting in higher demand for exports, investment and consumption. Across developing countries, exchange rate variability decreases trend real growth and increases trend price inflation. Across advanced countries, exchange rate variability decreases trend real growth while increasing the variability of price inflation and import growth. Minimizing variability of the exchange rate would be beneficial to sustain higher growth and reduce cyclical variability in developing and advanced countries.


A new approach to benzo-annelated δ-sultams containing an aryl–nitrogen bond is described. The method, which involves the intramolecular Michael cyclization of tert-butyl ortho-[N-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)sulfonylamino]cinnamates, allows the synthesis of secondary sultams as well as their tertiary analogues and bridged tricyclic derivatives efficiently and diastereoselectively.


I am thankful to the reviewers for taking the time to review the manuscript and provide useful comments. I have taken all the comments into account in revising the manuscript. My response to individual comments can be found below, where the comments from the reviewers are highlighted in blue, and the text from the revised manuscript is highlighted in red. The line numbers in the response refer to those in the revised manuscript.


Abstract This paper which emanated from a previous research by the author identified household size as one of the required Socio-cultural parameters with respect to the target population in the provision of adequate housing for the different sub-cultures. In doing this the township of Osogbo has been selected for the study. Information on housing quality and Sociocultural parameters of respondents was collected from 406 houses using the household heads in three (3) identified zones reflecting periods of urban development in Osogbo;Data analysis was by frequencies, cross tabulation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) The analysis revealed a high level of significance between household size and the overall housing quality in Osogbo. It also revealed the predominance of the Yoruba ethnic group over other ethnic groups (Hausa, Igbo etc) while the average household size recorded in each of the three zones identified is above six (6) persons.The data further revealed a poor quality of the existing housing and physical environment of the city's core area than other residential areas of Osogbo.The paper submitted that overall quality of the existing housing stock and environment should be improved through government intervention in the form of compulsory rehabilitation and urban renewal programs.


Stoddard, Banks, Nemacheck, and Wenska suggested that there is a tension between the goal of the iCivics games and the goals of democratic education. In this response, we suggest that iCivics can be utilized to help meet the goals of democratic education and to encourage our nation's youth to become active civic participants if used alongside other instructional practices, such as Action Civics. We offer three important reasons for the use of iCivics as a tool for democratic education and engagement. Firstly, we describe the affordances of several other iCivics games not explored in Stoddard's study as well as other elements of the iCivics program including lesson plans, impact points, and discussion boards. Secondly, we suggest that iCivics games should not be a standalone curriculum and describe ways to extend the iCivics games to inspire students to consider issues in their community and engage them in action civics. Thirdly, we describe the need for high quality professional development which is central in using iCivics games as part of a comprehensive civics curriculum. Our response extends the findings of Stoddard et al.'s study by suggesting ways educators can go beyond the games to utilize iCivics as a tool for democratic education. This article is in response to Stoddard, J., et al. (2016). The Challenges of Gaming for Democratic Education: The Case of iCivics. Democracy & Education, 24(2), Article 2. Available at: http:// democracyeducationjournal.org/home/ vol24/iss2/2 In "The Challenges of Gaming for Democratic Education: The Case of iCivics," Stoddard, Banks, Nemacheck, and Wenska (2016) examined the affordances and constraints of iCivics, an online civics education gaming program, for democratic education. Stoddard and colleagues' study presented a critical analysis of four iCivics games and the ways in which those games encouraged and hindered democratic education. Using both law students and upperclass undergraduate political science majors, the authors examined how these participant researchers reacted to the iCivics game content, rules and structures, and overall narratives presented in the games using a thinkaloud protocol coupled with gameplay data. To frame their analysis, Stoddard, Banks, Nemacheck, and Wenska referenced the Campaign for the Civic Mission of Schools' report entitled The Guardian of Democracy: The Civic Mission of Schools (Gould, 2011). Brooke Blevins, PhD is an assistant professor of social studies education at Baylor University. She teaches both undergraduate and graduate courses in secondary education, social studies education, and multicultural education. Her research interests include citizenship education in the digital age, action civics, critical historical thinking, and preservice teacher education. Blevins is a former secondary teacher and has a passion for equipping practicing teachers with the resources needed to engage in humanizing social studies education. Karon LeCompte, PhD, is an associate professor of curriculum and instruction with an emphasis in social studies education at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. She teaches classes in elementary social studies methods. Her research interests include civics education, technology, and teacher preparation.


The invention relates to a filter element (1) for filtering fluids, such as hydraulic fluids or gases, the filter element (1) being accommodatable in a filter housing (12), having an inlet point (18) for the fluid to be filtered and an outlet point (20) for the filtered fluid, the filter element (1) comprising a data storage (52), data stored in the data storage (52) being electronically readable from the data storage (52) by means of a read and/or write device (70), characterized in that an antenna (60) extending outside the data storage (52) is provided for the signal coupling between the data storage (52) and the read and/or write device (70), and that the antenna (60) extends at least in sections about a longitudinal axis (44) of the filter element (1) and thus, independently from the angular position of the filter element (1) and the data storage (52) attached thereto, a signal coupling between the data storage (52) and the read and/or write device (70) is ensured. The invention further relates to a filter device (10) having such a filter element (1).


ABSTRAK

Nama : Khaerul Janah
NIM : 2015040008
Judul : Analisis Perhitungan dan Pelaporan Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 26 atas royalti pada PT Garuda Maintenance Facility Aeroasia
Tax is a contribution from the people to the state based on enforceable legislation without the receipt of direct (contractual) coals from the state. PT Garuda Maintenance Facility Aeroasia is a company engaged in aircraft repair services. The company made tax payment one of which is income tax article PPh 26. This study aims to find out the application of income tax article PPh 26 on PT Garuda Maintenance Facility Aeroasia including the calculation of its reporting dams. Research data obtained by the author through field research by way analysis by writer in this research in by quantitave descriptive method. The result of the study concluded that the calculation and reporting of ar article PPh 26 is not in accordance with the provisions and procedures of taxation. Because in the calculation of article PPh 26 for January and February, there is still a mistake in the calculation and in the notification letter during the delay of reporting in one tax period. Therefore the company is encouraged to use the services of tax consultants to handle the tax problem that occur, so that that both the calculation and reporting of the tax in accordance with the provisions of the tax laws and procedures.

Keywords : Counting and Reporting PPh 26


Inclusiveness and sustainability is the theme of the Seventeenth National HRD Annual Conference 2013, held at Kolkata during 21-23 November, 2013. This book is a compilation of 22 papers written by academicians and practitioners from India, North America, Europe and Australia. It focuses on the challenges of inclusiveness and sustainability at the societal, organizational, and family and individual level. Sustainability and inclusiveness have emerged as key concepts during the past decade not only in management thought-circles but as a management strategy and as management practices to bring about business advantages. Organizations have realized that an inclusiveness strategy facilitates meeting the expectations of multiple stakeholders and creates a superior branding for them which in turn helps them in attracting and retaining superior talent. It looks almost impossible to create a performance culture for long term without imbibing inclusiveness and sustainability as part of the organizational culture.

The book discusses the role HRD systems and processes and HR fraternity in creating an inclusive and sustainable society.


caste men ; but, as might be expected from the geographical position of this tract, this pollution carries further than in the rest of the Madras Presidency. In Cochin it appears that a Parayan may not approach within half a furlong of a caste-man. British administration, with its strong tendency to extend justice to all alike, has to a large extent broken down these deeprooted prejudices, and even Brahmans have to submit to the presence of Parayans within a few yards of their persons in our courts and offices. The author's account of the manners and customs of the fishing castes and their devices for catching fish is very interesting, and the illustrations are excellent. Mr. Anantha Krishna Iyer's next volume will be welcomed, not only by ethnologists, but also by the general public; for apart from the scientific results obtainable from the present one it contains much that without exaggeration may be classed as good reading.


MY experience with therapeutic groups over more than thirty years has led me to state certain theories in order to explain clinical phenomena which remained unanswered by existing theories. This represents a personal approach which I have developed in previous publications. I shall give a brief summary of these theories as an introduction to the subject. The therapeutic group allows its members to return to archaic stages of human evolution, where magical thought prevails and archetypal images emerge as ancient myths stored in the collective unconscious. Ignoring this, the therapist acts as a shaman and everything he says and does is charged with the numinous character which the contents of the collective unconscious have. Thus, the group therapeutic process becomes a ritual. Referring to the importance of ritual, Ernest Becker (1975) says: 'To satisfy this craving, only man could create that most powerful concept which had both made him heroic and brought him utter tragedy the invention and practice of ritual, which is first and foremost a technique for promoting the good life and averting evil. . . . Ritual is a a technique for giving life'. The days are over when scientists considered primitives as 'simple people' and their cultural manifestations, especially their myths and rituals, as the grotesque expressions of infantile minds. . Victor Turner, an anthropologist who has studied the rituals of different African groups, says: 'I would like to add' as a proviso 'here that in matters of religion, as of art, there are no 'simpler' peoples, only some peoples with simpler technologies than our own. Man's 'imaginative' and 'emotional' life is always and everywhere rich and complex. Just how rich and complex the symbolism of tribal ritual can be will be part of my task to show. Nor is it entirely accurate to speak of the !structure of a mind different from our own'. It is not a matter of different cognitive structures, but of an identical cognitive structure articulating wide diversities of cultural experience'.


Using China's monthly economic data from January 1997 to May 2006,the paper discusses the possibility of building SW-type leading indices.Empirical results show that: SW Index based on coincident indicators can reflect the economic movement quite well;both SW Index and Coincident Composite Index have their own advantages;but SW-Type Leading Index based on leading indicators is unstable and ill-performed,while SW-Type Leading Index based on coincident indicators forecasting has a good performance.


The aim of this study is to present a thermal human bioclimate analysis of Hungary by means of mapping, useing multiple linear regressions. The present study links geographical information with climatological data in order to generate a spatial distribution of PET values of a region. The distribution of average PET values of seasons are drawn at 1 km resolution. Meteorological data used to draw the maps was made with the help of data collation program at the Climatic Research Unit (University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK). The calculation of PET is performed with the aid of the RayMan model, which calculates the measures of the thermal human bioclimate. The calculated PET values show that the difference between the highest and lowest temperature areas is between 7-11 oC. This means two comfort level differences generally. The winter is an exception, when the whole country can be rated to the same physiological stress level.


Having proper situational awareness during disaster situations is crucial in planning and mitigation. Knowing people's perception, needs and behavior during disasters is critical in developing the right management strategies. However, cities with multilingual and diverse international populations may react differently to disasters and gaps still exist in understanding this issue. Microblogging with social media has become a prevalent tool during emergencies and disasters. In this paper, we present a method in analyzing the sentiment of both the local residents and foreigners in Tokyo during case studies of earthquake and typhoon. Through the use of Twitter data, we retrieve individual tweets specifically on the onset of the disaster both in Japanese and English. After preprocessing, we develop Machine Learning algorithms using Support Vector Machine and XGBoost to classify tweet sentiment. The sentiment analysis models obtain fair accuracy and could be scaled and applied to sentiment classification of tweets during other types of natural disasters. Moreover, since our model is trained specifically on disaster tweets, it could yield a more accurate and contextual result when applied to future disasters. Furthermore, we analyzed information through Word Cloud, keyword analysis and time series analysis of sentiment polarity. We deduce that Japanese show a more positive sentiment than foreigners at times of disaster. Additionally, we observe that negative sentiment of both groups is lower for typhoons than earthquakes overall. Lastly, using this methodology could provide insights specific to typhoon and earthquake contexts to elicit requirements for disaster information or warning systems catered towards foreigners in the area which could be used in disaster management.


The motion of particles is described by the method of cellular automata, which shows that the feature of overall diffusion is a deformable simulation method of airflow field. The cellular automata model is applied to the flame phenomenon simulation. A flame generating algorithm based on cellular automata is proposed, and the simulation results are presented. It also yields good simulation effects when the algorithm is used in generating simulation of small pieces of smoke.


Evidences of modernization found in changes of physical features of contemporary Japanese are discussed with special reference to leg proportion and brachycephaly. Anthropometrical research conducted in 1966-72 on 17,585 male and 17,952 female Japanese aged 5 to 59 years revealed that the mean lower extremity length grows faster in relation to its adult value than stature, the adolescent growth spurt of the former preceding that of the latter by about one year. Growth of both items occurs earlier in girls than in boys. The largest ratio of lower extremity length/stature in girls was seen at age 12 with 0.527, while it was at 13 with 0.519 in a previous survey of 1957-61 and about 0.51 in subjects aged more than 25 years. Measurements of the skull dimensions of 1,585 adult Japanese women in 1956-57 showed that the cephalic index, or ratio of head breadth to head length, was on the average 85.9, 84.5, 83.5, and 83.0 for age 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, and 50-59 years, respectively. This means that the brachycephalization is proceeding in time units of decades. As possible causes of these changes, assortative coatings associated with urbanization and improvements in general living conditions are mentioned and diseussed.


Compared with conventional cast-in-place beams,flexural behaviour of partially pre-stressed concrete composite beams have obvious advantages.For the wider popularization and application of composite structures,by the experiment of 10 composite beams,a comprehensive discussion is given on how secondary loading affects the section strain distribution,initial stiffness of section,the formation of cracks and their propagation etc..The test results show that,if h1/h is small and M1/Mcr is big,at first load state,the crack interval of composite beams became smaller than conventional cast-in-place beams because of flexural effects and bond strengthening effects.And the residual stress also facilitates greater initial stiffness than full cast-in-place beam in service stage.The above factors are recommended to be considered in both crack width calculation and stiffness calculation.Another result of test shows that we can not only ensure the functionality of such type of member,but also benefit from its economic advantages.


The Injector II for the proposed Chinese Accelerator Driven System (C-ADS) is designed to accelerate proton beam to ~10 MeV with beam current up to ~ 10 mA. The accelerator system will include a proton ECR ion source, a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), a roomtemperature Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), a Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT), a Superconducting (SC) linac system and a High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT). Both RFQ and the SC linac will have a base frequency of 162.5 MHz. The accelerating cryomodules in the SC linac use SC half-wave cavities for acceleration, and SC solenoids with dipole correctors for transverse focusing and central orbit correction. End-toend beam simulations starting with a realistic initial beam from the ECR ion source were performed using DYNAC code to evaluate the C-ADS Injector II accelerator system performance, perform code benchmarking with TRACK, and explore system design options for future optimization. The results of these beam dynamics studies will be presented in the paper.


Measurements of the fine structure on the high-energy side of the Fe Kβ x-ray line, obtained from low-inductance high-current vacuum sparks, are reported. Fully relativistic central field calculations for atoms, including magnetic Breit interactions and estimates of the Lamb shifts, correlate the experimental features to the 1s-3p transition of the various Fe ions. The features are shown to be emitted by ions from Fe ix to Fe xviii, and Fe xxiv to Fe xxvi.


A new structure of an organic coordination compound of cobalt disulfonate [Co(H_2O)_6](1,5NDS) was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction.The coordination compound crystallized in space group P2(1)/C with cell parameters a=1.3214(2)nm,b=0.6674(9) nm,c=0.9685(1)nm,β=92.091(2)°,V=0.8541(3)nm~3,Z=2,R=0.0288,wR=0.0785.In the coordination compound,the Co(Ⅱ) ion resided inversion center is coordinated by six water molecules,the sulfonate groups do not have any direct contact with the Co~(2+) center,instead,they


"Animal disease" is a certificate of animal husbandry and veterinary professional courses with a strong practical practice, this paper from the curriculum development, positioning, curriculum objectives, curriculum design, teaching design and other aspects of teaching based on basic skills contest design in improving the quality of animal disease teaching.


A concept of energy harvesting from vortex-induced vibrations of a rigid circular cylinder with two piezoelectric beams attached is investigated. A mathematical model that including the coupled cylinder motion and harvested voltage is presented. The effects of the load resistance on the natural frequency and damping ratio of the vibratory system is determined by performing a linear analysis. Numerical solutions of the coupled equations for the configurations are then performed to determine the effects of varying the load resistance and wind speed,by constrasting the results on experience to investigate the harvester's response. The results show that the system can obtain the highest harvested power at a certain velocity and load resistance.


This paper analyzes consumption of water by individuals agriculture and energy production by assessing the status of water resources. Furthermore it examines the relationship between water availability and biodiversity. The availability and quality of fresh water has become a major international problem. Limited water resources and inefficient water use combined with a rapidly growing population endanger the worlds finite fresh water supply. In many parts of the world per capita freshwater resources available for food production and for other human needs are declining and are becoming scarce in the arid regions. In fact agricultural productions account for approximately 87% of the worlds freshwater consumption. Moreover most of human activities adversely affect the quality of freshwater resources. Chemical and pathogen pollution of water supplies not only diminishes the quality of water but causes human health problems. Given these scenarios the freshwater problem can be prevented by 1) encouraging conservation and increasing efficiency of irrigation water by eliminating freshwater subsidies and encouraging developments in irrigation technologies; 2) giving farmers incentives to conserve water and soil resources; 3) controlling soil erosion; 4) protecting forests and other biological resources; and 4) preventing water pollution.


A mathematical description is given of the process of separation of suspensions in turbocyclones with two-way axial discharging of the emerging products. A method of calculating the total removal of particles of the solid phase in each of the separation streams of turbocyclones is proposed on the basis of a stochastic theory of separation processes and the results of experimental investigations of the hydrodynamic characteristics and separating capacities of these devices.


Using CFG pile to treat soft foundation bed is a common method.The reinforcing mechanism of CFG pile composite foundation and the key points to ensure CFG pile quality during construction are discussed.


Objective To study the relationship between the expression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis small heat shock protein Hsp16.3 and the apoptosis of infected mouse alveolar macrophages.Methods The laboratory mice were infected with bacterial suspension of the international standard virulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strains(H37Rv),Hsp16.3 gene deletion mutants of the international standard virulent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strains(△H37Rv),or sterile saline solution(normal control)by the tail vein. After successful replication of mouse infection model in each group,we cleaved the alveolus of each group of mice and collected lavage fluid to obtain alveolar macrophages of the infected mice at days 1,3,5,7,9,11,13 and15.Then the infection status of macrophages was observed with confocal laser scanning microscopy;flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of alveolar macrophages of the infected mice;Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expressions were examined by Western blot.Results The apoptosis rate of Hsp16.3 gene was higher in deletion strain(△H37Rv)group and H37Rv strains(H37Rv)group than in control group.The apoptosis rate of alveolar macrophages in△ H37Rv group gradually increased,peaked at day 7,and then gradually decreased.It was significantly higher in H37Rv group than in H37Rv strain group from day 1 to 7 and from day 13 to 15(P0.05).Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 protein expressions in the macrophages of△H37Rv group and H37Rv group were higher than those of control group.Caspase-3 expression in the microphages of△H37Rv group and H37Rv group gradually increased from day 1 to 7 and peaked at day 7;it peaked again at day 13 in H37Rv group.However,Caspase-3 expression remained significantly higher in△H37Rv group than in H37Rv group(P0.05).Bcl-2 expression in△H37Rv group did not change much at the early stage of infection(P0.05),but gradually increased after day 9.Bcl-2 expression in H37Rv group did did not change much from day 1 to 7(P0.05),but gradually increased after day 7.However,it remained lower in△H37Rv group than in H37Rv group,especially after 7 days(P0.05).Conclusion Mycobacterium tuberculosis small heat shock protein Hsp16.3 can inhibit the apoptosis of macrophages during the early and late stages of infection,and this inhibition may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of apoptotic protease Caspase-3 and promoting the expression of Bcl-2 protein.


A feature-representation method for recognizing actions in sports videos on the basis of the relationship between human actions and camera motions is proposed. The method involves the following steps: First, keypoint trajectories are extracted as motion features in spatio-temporal sub-regions called "spatio-temporal multiscale bags" (STMBs). Global representations and local representations from one sub-region in the STMBs are then combined to create a "glocal pairwise representation" (GPR). The GPR considers the co-occurrence of camera motions and human actions. Finally, two-stage SVM classifiers are trained with STMB-based GPRs, and specified human actions in video sequences are identified. An experimental evaluation of the recognition accuracy of the proposed method (by using the public OSUPEL basketball video dataset and broadcast videos) demonstrated that the method can robustly detect specific human actions in both public and broadcast basketball video sequences.


The authors propose a direct AC-AC converter with an improved modulating technique which uses a clipped sine wave as reference instead of a pure sine wave or a square wave. The switching function derived gives rise to an output voltage with a very low harmonic content. The performance of an induction motor fed by a direct AC-AC converter is analyzed using its equivalent circuit. The harmonic components of the stator current as well as the stator current waveform are computed for various modulating schemes using digital simulation. It is seen that the current waveform for the case of clipped-sine modulation contains a lower percentage of harmonics. The harmonic torques and rotor losses are very small.<<ETX>>


This article may seem rather heretical, for it concludes by playing down the importance, for rural development, of finance as such, in the form of financial savings and credit. It is concerned with the physical capital formation that ac tually occurs in rural Africa, with or without external assistance. Much, and probably most, of such capital formation is brought about by the direct appli cation of unpaid family labour and so does not use finance.


During the past dozen years, numerous approaches have been proposed to enhance the efficiency of the cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) for the cognitive radio (CR) systems. Reducing the signaling overheads and energy consumption during the reporting period are the main targets of these works. In this paper, we propose an efficient reporting and accumulating (ERA) scheme to jointly improve the sensing and reporting efficiency. However, owing to individually reducing the sensing period for each secondary user (SU), the undesired collisions can be incurred while reporting the local decisions. To alleviate the collision problem, a Gaussian retreat (GR) scheme is developed. As verified by the simulation results, higher energy efficiency and spectrum utilization can be achieved. Moreover, the miss-detection probability can become negligible by using the GR scheme.


Induced aberrations in general are higher-order aberrations caused by ray perturbations of lower order, picked up surface by surface in the preceding optical system. [1], [2] Therefore, induced aberration coefficients are to some extent depending on the cumulative preexisting aberrations in the system. In the case of color aberrations, induced influences are already observable in the paraxial regime, since even paraxial rays are affected by dispersion. Hence, in every optical system small perturbations in ray heights and ray angles for paraxial rays of different wavelengths are present. These ray perturbations generate induced color aberration effects of higher-order. Here, the different orders refer to the paraxial ray dependency on dispersion. The linear or 1st-order terms result in the well-known Seidel contributions of axial and lateral color, where any interaction of dispersion between different lenses is neglected. Starting at 2nd-order terms, induced color effects are present. [3], [4] In this contribution, at first an introduction on the basic idea of induced color aberration is given. Following this, a surface resolved analytical description for axial and lateral color, distinguishing between induced and intrinsic parts, will be derived and discussed on a descriptive design example. Here especially the reversibility of raytrace direction is considered.


(Received 13 February 1997)AbstractGiven the data (p,-, f,,/,) i, = 1,... ,m, we consider the existence problem for the best leastsquares approximatio onf parameter fos r the 3-parametri c exponential regression model.This problem doe nos t always have a solution. In this paper it is shown that this problemhas a solution provided that the data are strongly increasin atg the ends.


The advances in interactive realtime animation do not match the realistic visuals synthesized by modern hardware. We investigate if the liveliness of interactive virtual characters may be enhanced by a more detailed gaze animation compared to current games. We propose a modified inverse kinematics scheme, that we use to adapt motion capture animation to a specific situation.


Open injuries have a potential for serious bacterial wound infections and may lead to long term disabilities, chronic wound or bone infection, and even death. This QI study was undertaken to ring in changes to the current management protocol and align them as per WHO guidelines.

 Implementing changes through a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle post an initial clinical audit among 38 patients of the organization. Re-audits were done to measure the outcome against the standard and establish a new protocol.

 Initial audit showed only a dismal 37% (n = 14) of patients being managed as per WHO protocol. Patient satisfaction percentage (as measured by a questionnaire) was also low with only 54% of patients satisfied with the treatment. Significant variations were noted post implementation of changes after the first PDSA cycle where >90% (n = 35) of patients reported that they noticed better wound healing, transition to optimal performance and were satisfied with treatment outcomes.

 Timely wound dressings, appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis and increased patient's awareness on wound hygiene through means of regular educational sessions and updated management protocols have led to healthier patients, lesser long term disabilities and happy patients.


1.0 IntroductionLiterature is no longer the darling of literary critics; linguists, literary stylists, cognitive scientists have all shown a profound interest in the language of literature. Short (1996:1) defines literary stylistics as "an approach to the analysis of (literary) texts using linguistic description." As such, literary stylistics is the study and description of the choices of linguistic expression that are characteristic of literary works. Referring to literature as "the uses of language in its most prestigious form," Stockwell (2009:26) argues that cognitive poetics as a discipline takes a holistic approach towards works of literature. However, he prudently cautions against believing that cognitive poetics has 'predictive power,' that it can offer interpretations (Stockwell, 2002:7). In his view, a "cognitive poetic analysis offers a raised awareness of certain [linguistic) patterns that might have been subconscious or not even noticed at all" (2002:7). Finally, Stockwell (2002) proposes that the analysis of literary works must try to bring "the dynamic and readerly aspects of texts" together, making the reader "an inherent part of the analytical theory" (p. 136).For our analysis, we have chosen a poem by e.e. cummings, for he has a unique style of writing poetry. Most of his poems are difficult to understand and, therefore, often misunderstood. His poetry is marked by three unique features. First, the pronoun "i" is always used in the lower case. This may be interpreted as showing humility or an effacement of the "self" - all other pronouns, in sentence medial positions, are written in lower case; so what is so special about the first person singular? However, when he uses capitalisation, he means to emphasize certain concepts; such as, "Humanity i love you." Second is the absence of punctuation altogether, which sometimes vexes the reader. Third, Cummings uses a very unusual syntax, seemingly "incorrect," in order to elucidate the meanings of his poems. His poetry, therefore, is rich with features that have been the darling objects of literary stylistics, and now those of cognitive poetics; namely, deviation and foregrounding or figure and ground (Stockwell, 2002).In this brief essay, we shall try to show, in the words of Short (1996:27), that "detailed and systematic stylistic analysis can be seen as an aid to our understanding and appreciation of the text under discussion as well as providing a rational language-based account to support interpretation and giving insights into the processes by which we interpret when we read" (emphasis added). Thus, Short (1996) and Stockwell (2002) seem to concur that literary stylistics and cognitive poetics do not interpret literature per se, but aid readers in their interpretation. Our analysis of the poem seems to confirm Toolan's (2010:203) assertion that poets can show us "how language works . . . what language can do" and that linguists can leam from poets about "our language and language-making potential."2.0 Literary StylisticsStylistics or literary stylistics is a twentieth century phenomenon, particularly of the 1960s. Since the term 'stylistics' derives from 'style' (associated with literary criticism) and 'istics' (from linguistics), stylistics is at the interface of the two disciplines (Widdowson, 1984). Stylistic features are basically features of language, so style in one sense is synonymous with language, the manner of expression in writing (and speaking): for example, we can speak of the 'language' of Paradise Lost, which implies that the language is in some way distinctive or significant for the design or theme of the poem. Style may also refer to the collective set of linguistic features peculiar to, or characteristic of an author. Hence, in literary criticism, we encounter such phrases as Miltonic style, or Shakespearean style. Literary Stylistics is, thus, concerned with discovering linguistic features peculiar to, or characteristic of an author as a whole or in an individual work. …


This paper makes a study of error analysis and its implementation in the EFL (English as Foreign Language) classroom teaching. It starts by giving a systematic review of the concepts and theories concerning EA (Error Analysis), the various reasons causing errors are comprehensively explored. The author proposes that teachers should employ different and flexible error treatment strategies in accordance with the teaching objectives, students' linguistic competence, their affective factors and the effectiveness of the error correction.


Ensemble based hydrologic data assimilation has the potential to accurately quantify the uncertainty in streamflow predictions by accounting for many sources of uncertainty within the modeling framework. The four main sources of error, input data, observation, model structure and parameter, can all be addressed directly with data assimilation. Due to recent improvements in parameter estimation using data assimilation, state-parameter estimation techniques have become a popular topic in the hydrologic data assimilation community. Several studies, using both the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) and the Particle Filter (PF) to estimate both model states and parameters have been published in recent years. Though there is increasing interest and a growing literature in this area, relatively little research has been presented to examine the effectiveness and robustness of these methods to estimate uncertainty. This study highlights the need for state-parameter estimation studies to provide a more rigorous testing of these techniques with respect to uncertainty quantification. Using multiple calibration and validation replicates, a detailed analysis of the robustness of the methods is performed. The results from this study show the complexity of information from both the EnKF and the PF, and explain aspects of these techniques that have not been well documented in the current scientific literature.


Published by the Canadian Test Centre (CTC), Insight represents a group-administered test of cognitive functioning that has been built entirely upon the Cattell–Horn– Carroll (CHC) theoretical framework (Beal, 2011b). Insight is intended to be administered by educators and screen entire classrooms for students who present learning profiles that reflect high intellectual achievement, global cognitive impairment, or the presence of specific learning disabilities (CTC, 2011b). The instrument contains seven subtests that are administered by utilizing the supplied DVDs, which provide unique item sets dependent on grade level, and takes approximately 46 and 89 min to complete (Beal, 2011a). The scoring and reporting of results obtained from Insight are provided by the CTC and no information is available that would allow educators to perform such tasks independently. The CTC does not offer formal training or coursework in the interpretation of Insight that would allow educators the opportunity to accurately comprehend the psychological results (CTC, personal communication, May 22, 2013). Unlike most manufactures of psychoeducational tools, the CTC requires that Insight be purchased by public education systems and is not made available to individuals or organizations who work from outside this sector (CTC, personal communication, May 23, 2013). The Examiner's Manual briefly outlines an administration protocol to assist educators as they prepare the testing environment and describes the subtests contained within Insight (Beal, 2011a). Although housed within the companion website, the Examiner's Manual does not contain any information pertaining to the historical background, theoretical construction, psychometric validity, or reliability of this instrument.


The leaf blight of Pinus taiwanensis Hayata in Daibishan Mt, Yuexi County,Anhui Province is caused by Cyclaneusma minus (Butin) Dicosmo, Peredo et Minter. This fungus can infect 3~15 years old young trees. The current and secondary needles are infected in late May and symptom appears in October with an incubation period about 125 days. The apothecia are produced on the dead needles in next May. The colony on PDA medium shows white. The optimum temperature for ascospone germinatium is 20~30℃ and for mycelium growth is 20~28℃.


By using the (G ′ G )-expansion method proposed recently, we derive the exact traveling wave solutions of two nonlinear evolution equations in this paper. As a result, the traveling wave solutions with three arbitrary functions are obtained including hyperbolic function solutions, trigonometric function solutions and rational solutions. The computation for the method can be fulfilled by the general mathematical software. So the method appears to gain an advantage over the traditional method.


The key static and dynamic mechanical properties and fracture behavior of nanocomposite films composed of a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix and different contents of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (FP-POSS) were researched by nano-tensile testing. The Young's modulus, storage modulus, loss modulus, loss tangent, yield strain, yield strength, tensile strength, fracture strength, fracture strain, fracture toughness and fracture deformations of all different nanocomposite systems were obtained. The influence of FP-POSS and its contents on the mechanical properties of PVDF was analyzed. Results showed that both the stiffness and toughness of PVDF were enhanced at some specific FP-POSS content and further additions of FP-POSS brought dramatic enhancements in toughness while associated with a decline in stiffness. Dynamical mechanical properties showed that FP-POSS increased the viscosity of PVDF. The mechanism of the effects of FP-POSS on PVDF was analyzed from the unique nano scale organic-inorganic molecular structure of FP-POSS and the micro structures of the nanocomposite films


Ensuring the competitiveness and implementation of competitive advantages of agrarian business entities in the conditions of the development of the market economy in Ukraine is closely related to the processes of rational formation and effective use of their resource potential. The formation and development of resource potential takes place in different directions and is determined individually for each subject of agrarian business. In the course of the study, the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of management of the enterprise's resource potential was analyzed. The economic essence of the categories "potential" and "resource potential of the enterprise" is summarized. It was determined that in order to achieve the goals of enterprise development, the resource potential should be a system of interconnected optimal quantitative and qualitative resource proportions. Only under this condition is it possible to obtain positive economic and social results at various levels. At each specific stage, the resource potential covers a larger or smaller set of resources in different ratios. The structure of this potential affects the efficiency of the use of resources and the final result of the enterprise. The choice of the evaluation method depends on the goals and tasks of the research, the level at which the analysis and evaluation is carried out, the approach to understanding the essence and content of the formation, development and reproduction of the resource potential. A systematization of agricultural business subjects was developed according to the availability and degree of efficiency of use of resource potential. Directions for increasing the degree of efficiency of use of resource potential were proposed. The formation and development of agricultural enterprises of various types are closely related to the solution of organizational and economic tasks to increase the return from each spent unit of resource potential, its expanded reproduction, improvement of the structure, and improvement of the effectiveness of the activities of agricultural business entities.


SIRS, Saad makes some interesting points with regard to our study. The majority of cases were diagnosed in secondary care. In Suffolk, over the time course of the study, the only test to which primary care physicians had access without referral to secondary care was serological testing which does indeed have weaknesses. Urea breath testing and gastric biopsy were only available through referral to our department. Only a minority of patients were diagnosed by serology alone (20%). In a previous study in which cases were only included if diagnosed by biopsybased methods, we found a similar rate of re-infection when evaluating those negative at 1 year (0.44% per year) suggesting that any effect of false-positive diagnosis by serology has had little impact in our present study. Our previous study of antibiotic sensitivity has clearly been misunderstood. This demonstrated the results of sensitivity testing of 1257 isolates of Helicobacter pylori obtained by culture of gastric biopsies over an 11-year period. The effectiveness of different antibiotic regimes as measured by urea breath testing was analysed in 706 patients who had been diagnosed in primary care by serological testing. This makes up only a small proportion of the patients we have tested and treated over the years as testing has also been carried out using histological analysis of gastric biopsies and by urea breath testing. With regard to the practicalities of urea breath testing, we have some considerable experience in this area having devised the C-urea breath test and described suppression of H. pylori by omeprazole as early as 1991. Urea breath testing was only performed after 1 month free from proton-pump inhibitors and antibiotics. REFERENCES


Introduction: Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug used in the treatment of generalized tonic clonic seizures and complex partial seizures The stimulatory effect of phenytoin on connective tissue suggested an exciting possibility for its use in wound healing. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of topical phenytoin powder with Vaseline/Chlorhexidine tullegrasse dressing in hastening healing of donor area in post SSG patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective case control study involving patients fulfilling inclusion criteria for a period of one year was done. Medical case file information was collected and used for comparision between two groups of patients, one group whose donor area of graft was dressed with Vaseline/ Chlorhexidine Tulle grasse dressing and other phenytoin soaked gauze. Sample size was of 20 cases and controls each. They were reviewed serially at Days 5,10, 3weeks and 3months following surgery for graft uptake inspection and also daily for a week following surgery for their pain scale. Results: Majority (70%) of the patients in both groups were found to be in the age of 30-60 years. Almost half of the cases and controls had PIRA as indication 45% of cases were hypoalbuminic and 35% were anemic,35% of controls were diabetic and 30% were obese. Addictions such as smoking and alcoholism were similar in both groups. Most cases (75%) and controls (95%) showed complete healing and had completed follow up. All cases showed improved pain control and post operative comfort compared to controls. Conclusion: We found that phenytoin dressing was a cheaper and easily available method when compared to other modalities. Though phenytoin dressing is inferior compared to newer modalities, it was superior in comparision to Vaseline/Chlorhexidine dressing with higher patient compliance greater pain relief faster healing rates and cost effectiveness. Further comparative studies with a wider study group with more coexistent comorbid conditions are required to further merit.


Fetal death is not a rare occurrence despite all modern technological knowledge. The most frequent causes of fetal death continue to be possibly controlled or treated in developing countries. The authors review in this article the concept of fetal death and its classification, incidence and high rates reached in developing countries. They describe the epidemiology of antepartum fetal death with a more modern approach of considering the associated factors. Finally, they reinforce the need of investigating the real cause of fetal death and propose special attention during prenatal care in searching and eliminating or attenuating the associated factors identified. They also emphasize the need for follow-up and treatment of the pathological conditions that may cause it.


Blue-color-emitting organic semiconductors are of significance for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this study, through Suzuki coupling polymerization, three 1,4-naphthalene-based copolymers—namely, PNP(1,4)-PT, PNP(1,4)-TF, and PNP(1,4)-ANT—were designed and synthesized. The variation of comonomers, phenothiazine (PT), triphenylamine substituted fluorene (TF), and anthanthrene (ANT), effectively tuned the emitting color and device performance of poly(9-vinyl carbazole) (PVK)-based OLEDs. Especially, the polymer PNP(1,4)-TF, bearing perpendicular aryl side groups, showed a most twisted structural geometry, which enabled an ultra-high thermal stability and a best performance with blue emitting in PVK-host-based OLEDs. Overall, in this work, we demonstrate a promising blue-color-emitting polymer through structural geometry manipulation.


Based on the definition of psychological health of College student,the appraisal standard is stated and the current situation of the college students′ psychological health is analyzed.Combined with character of teaching during teacher′s life,the methods which can enhance psychological health are discussed.


Conclusions 1. Since pulse pressure × pulse rate × arteriovenous oxygen difference in the arms of different subjects roughly equals a constant, PP × PR is regarded as a fair index of blood flow entering the arm. 2. Since PP × PR is increased and A-V O2 diff. is diminished in arterial hypertension and in certain anemias (in both of which total cardiac output is not increased), it follows that a larger proportion than normal of total blood flows through the arms (and possibly all limbs), i. e., in these two conditions peripheral vasoconstriction is less marked in the arms than in the splanchnic area. 3. In hyperthyroidism the points on the graph are moved to the right of the normal curve indicating an increased oxygen use in the arm. The fact that many cases involving increased cardiac work also move to the right show that the increased metabolism in these cases is not due to increased cardiac work alone, but takes place in the arms also and is possibly a general condition. 4. It is suggested that the pulse pressure serves as a rough but valuable indication of the reciprocally varying needs and blood supply of the viscera and muscular masses of the body.


This article first introduces the basic theory of transmission line method,which is used to analyze shielding effectiveness of rectangular enclosure with apertures,then expands the fundamental formulas to deal with the cases of multi-holes and polarization with arbitrary angle.Through laying the complexed dielectric coating on internal surface of the cavity,resonance suppression is realized.The result of computing indicates that: under resonant frequency,resonance results in low even negative shielding effectiveness,for the same areas,shielding effectiveness of a single hole is worse than that of multi-ones.Shielding effectiveness varies as polarization angle increases,and it is the best when the coupled field passes through the rectangular aperture with the long side parallel to the polarization.By laying the complexed dielectric coating of optimized calculation on internal surface of the cavity,the best result of resonance suppression can be realized under the same thickness of the coating.According to the result of calculation,some suggestion measures of shielding are proposed in this paper.


Objectives: Diabetic foot infections are predominantly polymicrobial, most are multidrug resistant. Delayed wound healing appears to be largely related to the presence of micro-organism growing in a biofilm. This study aimed to identify the spectrum of multidrug-resistant bacteria associated with these infections, their antibiotic sensitivity pattern, and to detect the biofilm formation. Methods: A prospective study at a tertiary care hospital. 100 patients over the age of 18, having chronic diabetic foot ulcer, and attending the surgery outpatient department were included. Samples of pus were collected from deep wounds and processed using standard techniques for culture and sensitivity. Biofilm detection was done. Results were compiled and statistically analyzed. Results: 28(35%) Gram positive organisms and 52(65%) gram negative organisms were isolated. No polymicrobial infections were noted. Psuedomonas aueroginosa1-8(22.5%) Staphylococcus aureus-14(17.5%) was the most commonly isolated organism. Biofilm formation was seen in 34(42.5%). Gram negative23(67.64%) Gram positive-11(32.35%) microbes have predominant Biofilm production like E.coli (26.4%), Klebsiella pneumonia (23.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.64%) Pseudomonas aueroginosa (14.7%), MSSA (8.82%), Betahemolytic streptococci (5.88%), Citrobacter(1%). Conclusion: Difficulty in eradicating a chronic diabetic foot infection associated with biofilm formation has been reported, and biofilm-producing bacteria have been shown to resist higher antibiotic and disinfectant concentrations than non-biofilm producing bacteria. Therefore, additional World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 8.074 Volume 8, Issue 4, 640-650. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 1 Article Received on 23 Jan. 2019, Revised on 13 Feb. 2019, Accepted on 06 March 2019 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20194-14371 *Corresponding Author B.V.S Lakshmi Department of Pharmacy Practice, Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Dhulapally, Secunderabad, Telangana-500100 (Affiliated to Osmania University).


Professor Nind provides an introduction to the method of video stimulated recall and its developments into video stimulated reflection and video stimulated dialogue


The objective of this study was to assess the acute oral toxicity of AV/SGB/27 (M/s Ayurvet Limited) in accordance with OECD-423 guideline. AV/SGB/27 is a herbal formulation for enhancing semen quality of livestock. Nine healthy and adult nulliparous nonpregnant Swiss albino female mice, weighing 24-28 g, were used in this study. After being given test material orally, the mice were examined for toxic effects and mortality. Changes in body weights, symptoms of toxicity, histological appearances of liver, kidney, and lungs, and biochemical parameters were used to assess the toxicity. No toxic effects or mortalities were noticed until the trial was completed, indicating that AV/SGB/27 is safe for oral consumption.


The objective of this paper is to realize a configuration of today's pension systems in the various countries member of the European Union. The authors put into discussion also the importance of private component in the supply of pensions, summarizing the debate regarding a certain harmonization between the pension systems from the member countries of European Union. In the final part of the paper, there is also brought into discussion the influence of the financial crisis on the current pension schemes, with its potential roll-backs of reforms made so far. "


Since fibre optic sensors (FOS) use dielectric materials they can be used in harsh environment conditions; such as high voltage, high electromagnetic radiation, or high temperature. In this chapter, we review the basic concepts and processes related to FOS and some examples of doping materials used to improve the fibre sensitivity.


In 1936, recirculating-type gas tubes, fired by a Kemp carburetor system, were substituted in a continuous decorating kiln for electric heating elements. Operating results, after a six months'period, established the equivalent gas and electricity requirements and showed satisfactory operating results. A second continuous kiln fired by the same system has also been constructed. The application of heating to different types of circular and straight kilns is discussed.


The possibility of development of a universal and express method of screening of natural and synthetic narcotic compounds ("designer drugs") using as example 52 most common compounds – alkaloids (tropane, opioids), α-aminoarylketones and a number of N-alkylindolyl and, N-alkylindolyzyl ketones. A narcotic compound identification scheme was suggested, including sample preparation procedure that is rapid and provides complete extraction of the analyzed components from the surface of the herbal matrix. Consequent determination of compounds by UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS affords high reliability and accuracy. The suggested analytical method was evaluated using 23 real samples. Time for UPLC-MS/MS analysis and GC-MS are 10 and 20 minutes respectively. Retention indices and major ions were defined for all studied drugs during GC analysis. For all compounds determinat-ed at least two MRM-transitions for UPLC-MS/MS identifying compounds which, together with the retention time as well as the results obtained using GC-MS and also makes possible the determination of trace amounts of substances. Assessment of the reliability and reproducibility of results were con-trolled using WADA criteria.


The first sewers were built in Kansas City in 1871 and, until around 1920, when the city began to gear up for the Ten-Year Plan, the city did not invest in any substantial way in the sewers and water systems. The Ten-Year Plan, a partnership between the Kansas City Chamber of Commerce and the Pendergast political team, expanded Kansas City's waterworks and sewer system and drew money during the Depression toward the metropolitan city on the rocky bluffs. The Plan can help us understand the real impetus behind public works projects in Kansas City and the way in which these projects changed the social geographical distinctions in the city. The Plan, that Kansas City passed during the 1930s and that became a blueprint for the national New Deal. I present the Ten-Year Plan as an example of a successful re-imagining of urban space in the first part of the twentieth-century. Not without its faults, the project extended basic services to those who badly needed them and sheltered Kansas Citians from the hard brunt of the national Great Depression. The plan re-imagined not only urban space and infrastructure, but also changed governmental decision-making and opened up public access to power by allowing Kansas City women, select leaders of the black community, and labor representatives to participate in a project that had real meaning for the entire Kansas City community. In this way, the Ten-Year Plan was truly unique and can serve as an example of flexible and open democratic governance. The Plan also helps us understand why environmental infrastructure was established and improved, and for what ends.


Introduction Ahmed Bounfour Chapter 1: Organizational Capital: Concept, Measure, or Heuristic? JC Spender Chapter 2: The Power and Frailty of Organisational Capital Jan Mouritsen Chapter 3: An Intellectual Capital View of Business Model Innovation Goran Roos Chapter 4: Knowledge, Recognition and "Communautalism" Ahmed Bounfour Chapter 5: Designing Sequences for Knowledge Exchange:The Hau-Ba Model Ahmed Bounfour and Gwenaelle Grefe Chapter 6: Dynamic Capabilities of Communities Ahmed Bounfour Chapter 7: The Dynamics of Self-renewal: A Systems-thinking to Understanding Organizational Challenges in Dynamic Environments Pirjo Stahle Chapter 8: Applying KVA Analysis, Risk Simulation and Strategic Real Options: The Shipyard Case Christine L. Komoroski, Thomas Housel, Sandra Hom and Johnathan Mun Chapter 9: When IT Does Matter: Setting Up "Value Contracts" Between Stakeholders Yves Caseau Chapter 10: Mapping Value Creation of Organizational Capital Bernard Marr Chapter 11: Attention Management in Organizations: Four Levels of Support in Information Systems Claudia Roda and Thierry Nabeth Chapter 12: Leveraging Organizational Capital for Innovation: The Process of Marketing Knowledge Co-Creation Florian Kohlbacher Chapter 13: Organisational Capital and Competence Building Anjali Bakhru Chapter 14: IT, Organisational Capital and The Reporting (Measurement) Issue Ahmed Bounfour


expressive potential. Similarly, concepts such as introduction, repetition, imitation, and variation provide a means of extending compositions and of binding them into cohesive shapes. During this phase a teacher encourages children to "Sing an answer to this question. Extend this phrase. Vary this pattern. Imitate this motif. Change the dynamics. Increase the tempo. Vary the accent." More innovative teachers, working with musically advanced classes, might suggest that their children "Fill ten seconds with any number of high short sounds superimposed on three long low sounds. Create a fluctuating series of dynamics on one sustained pitch. Explore the problems of balancing a series of untuned percussion sounds with some vocal sounds of indefinite pitch in a recurring five-second cycle. Develop three different melodies above this ostinato. Treat this


In rats, acute administration of SB‐277011A, a highly selective dopamine (DA) D3 receptor antagonist, blocks cocaine‐enhanced brain stimulation reward, cocaine‐seeking behaviour and reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking behaviour. Here, we investigated whether SB‐277011A attenuates cocaine reinforcement as assessed by cocaine self‐administration under variable‐cost–variable‐payoff fixed‐ratio (FR) and progressive‐ratio (PR) reinforcement schedules. Acute i.p. administration of SB‐277011A (3–24 mg/kg) did not significantly alter cocaine (0.75 mg/kg/infusion) self‐administration reinforced under FR1 (one lever press for one cocaine infusion) conditions. However, acute administration of SB‐277011A (24 mg/kg, i.p.) progressively attenuated cocaine self‐administration when: (a) the unit dose of self‐administered cocaine was lowered from 0.75 to 0.125–0.5 mg/kg, and (b) the work demand for cocaine reinforcement was increased from FR1 to FR10. Under PR (increasing number of lever presses for each successive cocaine infusion) cocaine reinforcement, acute administration of SB‐277011A (6–24 mg/kg i.p.) lowered the PR break point for cocaine self‐administration in a dose‐dependent manner. The reduction in the cocaine (0.25–1.0 mg/kg) dose–response break‐point curve produced by 24 mg/kg SB‐277011A is consistent with a reduction in cocaine's reinforcing efficacy. When substituted for cocaine, SB‐277011A alone did not sustain self‐administration behaviour. In contrast with the mixed DA D2/D3 receptor antagonist haloperidol (1 mg/kg), SB‐277011A (3, 12 or 24 mg/kg) failed to impede locomotor activity, failed to impair rearing behaviour, failed to produce catalepsy and failed to impair rotarod performance. These results show that SB‐277011A significantly inhibits acute cocaine‐induced reinforcement except at high cocaine doses and low work requirement for cocaine. If these results extrapolate to humans, SB‐277011A or similar selective DA D3 receptor antagonists may be useful in the treatment of cocaine addiction.


Social tags have been considered to indirectly reflect authorized opinions of taggers. This paper proposes an unsupervised method which derives implicit sentiment information from social tags to decide, in one document, which sentences are opinionated, as well as to annotate them with proper polarity labels. First, for a social tag, its opinion degree is measured by aggregating the opinion degree of related sentiment words, in proportion to the co-occurrence relations between sentiment words and the tag. Second, the opinion degree of a sentence is determined by a combination function of the opinion degree of the tags, in proportion to the similarity between the sentence and each tag. Finally, sentences are sorted in order of their opinion degree, followed by a partition of the ranked list to distinguish sentences into positively opinionated, negatively opinionated, neutral, and non-opinionated ones. The proposed method is examined using the Chinese dataset of the NTCIR Opinion Analysis Task Test Collection and found to perform well. Experimental results testify that social tags are positively conducive to opinion analysis. Subject Categories and Descriptors I.2.7 [Artificial Intelligence]: Natural Language Processing – Text Analysis General Terms: Algorithms, Experimentation


American Crystal hybrid 2B sugarbeets were planted May 25 in Bearden silt loam soil with good soil moisture at St. Thomas, North Dakota in two row plots 100 ft long with a 22 inch row spacing. Each treated plot was separated by two rows of untreated beets. Granular materials were applied behind the discs in the furrow as i t was closing so that the granules were above the seed and not in direct contact. Light drag chains were employed to further cover the row. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. The experiment was conducted under dryland conditions with above average rainfall during June and July. Damage ratings were taken July 16, by evaluating 8 beets from each plot on a scale of 1-4 (1 = no damage; 2 = slight damage, three small scars or less; 3 = moderate damage, less than 1/2 the root surface damaged; 4 = heavy damage, more than 1/2 of the root surface damaged, the plant dead or dying). Treatments were evaluated from yield estimates based on two 36 foot samples per plot (72') from treated rows taken on October 6.


ABS TRACT Ob jec ti ve: Pul mo nary al ve o lar mic ro lit hi a sis (PAM) is a ra re idi o pat hic di se a se cha rac te ri zed by pre sen ce of dif fu se in nu me rab le mi nu te cal cu li cal led mic ro liths The aim of this re port was to des cri be the ra di og rap hic fin dings of PAM with par ti cu lar at ten ti on to fe a tu res pro vi ded by chest X-ray and high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT). Material and Met hods: We diag no sed thre e in dex ca ses of PAM who ca me from the sa me vil la ge in 1996 . In 2005 we per for med a study inc lu ding 279 re si dents of that vil la ge by using mic ro film scre e ning to de ter mi ne undiagnosed ca ses. Fi ve ad di ti o nal ca ses of PAM we re de tec ted and un der went HRCT. HRCT and chest X-ray ima ges of eight ca ses we re as ses sed spe ci fi cally for pat terns, dis tri bu ti on, and pro fu si on of pul mo nary ab nor ma li ti es. Re sults: Of eight ca ses, four we re adults and four we re chil dren. Dif fu se typi cal mic ro cal ci fi ca ti ons we re de tec ted in chest X-ray in three ca ses whi le re ti cu lo no du lar pattern was seen in three ca ses and re ti cu lar pat tern in two ca ses. Fi ne mic ro cal ci fi ca ti on, pa rench ymal band and fiss su ral pro mi nen ce we re the most com mon fin dings on HRCT. Small subp le u ral cysts we re de tec ted in five ca ses but only ca se 1 sho wed black ple u ral li ne in chest X-ray. One ca se had small subp le u ral bul la e and bronc hi ec ta tic chan ges in both lo wer lo bes pre do mi nantly in the left lung in HRCT. Conc lu si on: Re la ti ves of a pa ti ent with PAM ha ving re ti cu lar or reticulonodular pattern in chest X-ray must be investigated in de ta i l for PAM beca u se it can be the early sta ge of the di se a se. HRCT has a ma jor im por tan ce for the de tec ti on of the ra pid prog res si on.


Summary than membranes and efficiently removes FM1-43 from the extracellular space, allowing it to be washed away, The fluorescent probe FM1-43 has been used exten- greatly reducing background staining.sively for imaging vesicle recycling; however, high To demonstrate the utility of the approach, we have nonspecific adsorption resulting in elevated back- shown that it is possible to image synaptic activity in a ground levels has precluded its use in certain tissues, range oforganisms, namely, thenematode C.elegans ,a notably brain slices. We have found that a sulfobuty- powerfulmodelorganismforgeneticanddevelopmental lated derivative of b -cyclodextrin (ADVASEP-7) has a studies that has proved difficult to probe with electro- higher affinity for FM1-43 than the plasma membrane. physiological methods; the lamprey, an organism with ADVASEP-7 was used as a carrier to remove FM1-43 a unique flat spinal cord with particularly large axons; nonspecificallyboundtotheouterleafletoftheplasma and rat brain slices, which have been used extensively


ABSTRACT:This essay explores competing and overlapping narratives about massacres of Chinese men by African-descended Peruvians during the War of the Pacific (1879–84), a conflict during which Chile invaded and occupied Peru. Reports of brutal killings of Chinese merchants in Lima circulated alongside stories about the massacre of over a thousand Chinese contract workers on plantations in the province of Cañete. Descriptions of brutal acts by black people, especially black women, were central to both narratives. Asking what political purpose these stories served, this essay explores how Chileans, Peruvians, and Chinese recounted episodes of anti-Chinese violence to make larger claims about gender, race, and nation. It argues that both urban and rural violence against Chinese men during the war stemmed from struggles over Chinese contract labor and a plantation system that had long exploited African and indigenous people. Narratives of Chinese massacre occluded the centrality of plantations to political struggles among Peruvians as well as the importance of Chinese labor to Chilean military occupation. Moreover, accounts of black women savaging Chinese men functioned as cover stories for other violence, such as Chilean massacres of Peruvians, new forms of exploiting Chinese labor, Peruvian elites' collaboration with Chile, and their disqualification of black people as Peruvian patriots.


Abstract : Fleet returnees were the source of task analysis data gathered in a rating task survey to provide Naval aviation class A school training administrators with information concerning tasks performed in the fleet. The RTS method developed a checklist of questions concerning the tasks performed by non-rated designated strikers and petty officers third class, the level for which A school students were to be trained. This checklist was administered to petty officers second class and above personnel who were returning from the fleet activities to attend advanced, or class B, schools. Personnel returning from fleet assignments for instructor duty also were asked to complete the checklist. It was assumed that the information could be gathered at the training command rather than going to the fleet. Two studies were performed to determine whether the assumptions were valid.