Reactive materials bring the dramatically enhanced lethality by means of the combined defeat mechanisms of impact kinetic energy and chemical energy release. This paper presents such an investigation on these reactive materials for the enhanced initiation behavior of covered explosives. First, a simple initiation process comparison between the inert metal and reactive material projectiles impacting covered explosives is described. Then high velocity ballistic impact experiments, which include both reactive material and tungsten alloy projectiles with mass matched against covered explosives, are conducted to investigate and compare the initiation behavior of covered explosives. Finally, theoretical analysis and discussions about contributions of both kinetic energy-to-initiation and chemical energy-to-initiation mechanisms to the enhanced initiation behavior of covered explosives impacted by reactive materials are presented.


COUP-TFs (Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter- Transcription Factors) belong to the superfamily of steroid/thyroid hormone receptors and they are consider orphans since the proper ligand that activates them is not yet found. Experimental procedures in our laboratory have shown that in Echinoderms the alternative splicing of the COUP-TF primary transcript results in two mRNAs which encode two protein variants that differ by a 21 amino acid insertion in the Carboxy Terminal Extension (CTE) of the DNA Binding Domain (DBD). EMSA experiments with the use of in vitro translated proteins revealed that the large protein variant is incapable of binding any COUP-TF response elements. Furthermore, in the presence of the large variant, the small COUP-TF protein ability to bind DNA is diminished in an antagonistic way, suggesting that the heterodimeric protein is also incapable of DNA binding. Our aim is to investigate the role of the 21aa insertion in the large variant regarding the DNA binding affinity. In sea urchins the CTE insertion in the large variant contains two prolines. Our hypothesis is that these two prolines play an important role in the protein"s conformation which in turn is responsible for the loss of DNA binding. To check this, we created point mutations by mutating both prolines to alanines simultaneously and then each proline to alanine separately. We also analyzed a series of internal amino acid deletions within the 21aa insertion of the CTE. All the mutations proved that the large mutated proteins are incapable of binding DNA and that they heterodimerize more effectively with the small protein variant possibly because of the changed conformation of the large protein variant. We also studied the alternative splicing among Deuterostomes, by using degenerate primers in PCR experiments. We observed that alternative splicing of COUP-TF transcripts occurs in the sea urchin Sphaerechinus granularis and in the hemichordate Saccoglossus kowalevskii.


sole device to be disposed inside of a shoe (60) characterized in that it comprises, between a layer of lower flange (1) and a layer of top flange (40, 50), means air conditioning comprising heating means and cooling means connected to temperature control means which are associated with means of remote control, the device further comprising supply means rechargeable electrical energy.


The article is devoted to solving the problems of reducing the useful volume of bulk reservoirs, which is an urgent task of water management. The development of the design allows to reduce the volume of incoming sediment into the reservoir thicket is the main goal of the present work. The analysis of materials of field studies and a review of existing scientific works was the basis of the research method. The results of field studies on the study of channel processes in the downstream of the feeder channel of a low-pressure reservoir and the dynamics of their siltation. It has been established that the reservoirs accumulate only 0.3-10% of the annual river flow and the degree of annual silting of the capacity of such reservoirs is on average 0.5-2.0%. After 25-50 years, reservoirs may lose half of their usable capacity and after 40-80 years, a complete failure of operation is possible. To slow down this process in the basins of the self-leveling reservoirs, a new structure of structures developed, which ensures an even flow of water in the supply channel and maximum sedimentation of sediments in the channel, which prevents them from entering the reservoir bowl.


To construct a richly annotated diachronic corpus of Japanese, the morphological analysis of historical Japanese text is required. However, conventional analysis of old Japanese texts with adequate accuracy is impossible. To facilitate such analyses, we extended dictionary entries from UniDic for Contemporary Japanese and prepared training corpora including articles illustrating the literary style of the Meiji Era and literature of the Heian Era, thus creating new dictionaries: "UniDic-MLJ (Modern Literary Japanese)" and "UniDic-EMJ (Early Middle Japanese)." These dictionaries achieve a high accuracy (96–97%) as that required for constructing a diachronic corpus of Japanese. Moreover, we investigated the optimal size of the training corpus for the morphological analysis of historical Japanese text on the basis of the learning curves obtained by using these dictionaries. We confirmed that a 50,000-word corpus achieves an adequate accuracy of over 95%, and even a small-sized corpus (only 5,000 words) is effective as long as the corpus is particularly constructed for the target domain.


Abstract. The quality of pressure vessels' manufacturing process in terms of their circularity error is a theme of discussion due to there is a difference between acceptance criteria of two most utilized standards in Brazil, that regulates manufacturing of this equipment. The stresses caused by circularity error in a pressure vessel were simulated using the finit element method, the software were COSMOSWorks and results obtained were compared to the acceptance criteria of each standard. The objective of this work is to evaluate the impact of pressure vessel's circularity error and compare the results to N-268 e ASME VIII D.1 standards. Keywords: Circularity errors; Finite Element Methods; Pressure Vessels


Hydraulic engineering structures are a part of hydraulic engineering establishments related to hydroelectric energy, water and sewage systems, dams and ripraps. These constructions are of high importance as their damaging or out of service periods my impact crucial aspects of the modern society. From a structural standpoint, they include most structural types of elements ranging from buildings to raft foundations or flood gates. Their annexes include tunnels, channels, canals, pipe supports foundations, water energy dissipators and other.


Tran, T.Y.N., Dang, T.T, Do, T.N., Pham, V.T., Do, V.L., Chung T.P.T., Nguyen, N.Q., Tran, B.L., Le, D.T. and Dao, T.P. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Vietnam Department of Literature and Technology, Huyen Hoi Secondary School, Cang Long District, Tra Vinh Province, Viet Nam Faculty of Pharmacy, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam


The invention discloses an on-site repair welding method for a 5A06 aluminum barrel finished product welding joint stress corrosion crack, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy structural member welding. The on-site repair welding method for the 5A06 aluminum barrel finished product welding joint stress corrosion crack can achieve product defect on-site repair without separating an aluminum barrel from a lathe with a high qualified rate. According to the technical scheme, the on-site repair welding method for the 5A06 aluminum barrel finished product welding joint stress corrosion crack comprises the following steps that 1 the repair welding method is selected, a welding technological parameter is determined, and a destressing mode and a technological parameter are determined; 2 the type and the size of a groove needing repair welding are determined, and a welding groove is prepared; 3 repair welding is conducted with the selected welding technological parameter; 4 a hammer is adopted for hammering a surface-layer welding joint of the repair-welding welding joint for destressing; and 5 liquid penetrant test is adopted for assisting in checking whether the repair-welding surface of the welding joint has the crack or not. The on-site repair welding method for the 5A06 aluminum barrel finished product welding joint stress corrosion crack is mainly used for conducting defect on-site repair for the 5A06 aluminum barrel finished product without separating the aluminum barrel from the lathe.


The invention provides a cable trench intelligent management system. The cable trench intelligent management system comprises a weather information collecting device, a cable trench internal environment collecting device, a data analyzing and control device, a drainage device, a heating device, a cable trench opening device and a main controller. The drainage device, the electric heating device and the cable trench opening device are parallel and connected with the data analyzing and control device respectively, and the weather information collecting device and the cable trench internal environment collecting device are parallel and connected with the data analyzing and control device respectively. The able trench intelligent management system collects information through the weather information collecting device and the cable trench internal environment collecting device and feeds back the information to the data analyzing and control device, opens the drainage device, the heating device or the cable trench opening device through the data analyzing and control device, and displays obtained information on a displayer, prompts workers through an alarm when faults happen, processes the faults times, and guarantees stable running of the system. The cable trench intelligent management system is simple in structure, simple and convenient to operate and worthy to be popularized and applied and improves working efficiency.


In humid climates, waterlogging from excessive rainfalls can be a major limiting factor for soybean production, particularly during the reproductive stage. However, there is a limited understanding of how soybean growth and physiology respond to waterlogging during this critical stage. Here, we investigated the effects of waterlogging and subsequent reoxygenation on the growth, physiology, yields, and leaf hyperspectral reflectance traits of the soybean cultivar 'Asgrow AG5332'. The crop was grown to stage R1 (initial flowering) in outdoor pot culture conditions, and then waterlogged for 16 days. The flooded pots were drained and continuously monitored for recovery for an additional 16 days. The results showed that soil oxygen levels declined rapidly to zero in about 5 days after waterlogging, and slowly recovered in about 5–16 days. However, it did not reach the same level as the control plants, which maintained an oxygen concentration of 18%. Increasing waterlogging duration negatively affected leaf chlorophyll index, water potential, and stomatal conductance, with a consequent decline in the photosynthetic rate. Further, decreased photosynthetic rate, leaf area, and mineral nutrients resulted in lower biomass and seed yield. Pod dry weight and leaf number were the most and least sensitive parameters, respectively, decreasing by 81% and 15% after 16 days of waterlogging. Waterlogged plants also had higher reflectance in the PAR, blue, green, and red regions, and lower reflectance in the near-infrared, tissue, and water band regions, indicating changes in chemistry and pigment content. The current study reveals that the soybean crop is susceptible to waterlogging during the reproductive stage, due to poor recovery of soil oxygen levels and physiological parameters. Understanding and integrating the growth, physiology, and hyperspectral reflectance data from this study could be used to develop improved cultivars to ensure the stability of soybean production in waterlogging-prone areas.


Rigid interspinous process fixation (RIPF) has been recently discussed as an alternative to pedicle screw fixation (PSF) for reducing trauma in lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) surgery. This study aimed to investigate biomechanics of the lumbar spine with RIPF, and also to compare biomechanical differences between two postoperative stages (before and after bony fusion). Based on an intact finite-element model of lumbosacral spine, the models of single-level LIF with RIPF or conventional PSF were developed and were computed for biomechanical responses to the moments of four physiological motions using hybrid testing protocol. It was found that compared with PSF, range of motion (ROM), intradiscal pressure (IDP), and facet joint forces (FJF) at adjacent segments of surgical level for RIPF were decreased by up to 8.4%,2.3%and16.8%, but ROM and endplate stress at surgical segment were increased by up to 285.3%and174.3%. The results of comparison between lumbar spine with RIPF before and after bony fusion showed that ROM and endplate stress at surgical segment were decreased by up to 62.6%and40.4%, when achieved to bony fusion. These findings suggest that lumbar spine with RIPF as compared to PSF has potential to decrease the risk of adjacent segment degeneration but might have lower stability of surgical segment and an increased risk of cage subsidence; When achieved bony fusion, it might be helpful for the lumbar spine with RIPF in increasing stability of surgical segment and reducing failure of bone contact with cage.


In a cross–sectional study, we investigated the association of reported childhood stressful life events and bipolar spectrum disorders in an undergraduate sample. Specifically, we tested the harsh environment and stress generation explanations of the childhood stress and bipolar disorder relationship. The final sample included 155 bipolar spectrum participants and 155 demographically matched normal controls. Consistent with the harsh environment hypothesis, we found that the total number of reported childhood events, and particularly events independent of one's behavior that occurred prior to bipolar individuals' age of onset (using the same cutoff age for their matched normal controls) were associated with bipolar versus normal control status. Also, in partial support of the harsh environment hypothesis, total number and independent events predicted an earlier onset of bipolar episodes, but inconsistent with the hypothesis, so did dependent events. In contrast to the stress generation hypothesis, a bipolar spectrum diagnosis did not predict the number of total childhood stressors, particularly events dependent on one's behavior occurring after the bipolar individuals' age of onset. These findings suggest that the relationship of childhood stressors and bipolarity may be best explained by a harsh environment effect.


Based on Confucianism,Neo Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties has integrated "Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism".We have generally explored and discussed on the relationship of Idealism and materialism,knowing and doing,and so on.From the perspective of harmony,it is all comparatively biased that people in the past criticized simply LI Ontology and appraised QI Ontology,as well as the evaluation of one sided on Heart Ontology and knowing doing theory.Neo Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties further deepen Chinese harmonious theory from three respects.


order set. Post-intervention (post-I) patients were dichotomized into serial lactate (SL, n=44) and no serial lactate (NL, n=20) groups based on the use of SLM during ED resuscitation. Descriptive statistics, student's t-test, and Fisher's test were used to assess differences between SL and NL groups with respect to interventions and outcomes. Results: There was improved compliance with SLM between the pre-I and post-I groups (49% vs. 69%, p<0.01). In the post-I cohort, baseline characteristics and illness severity were similar between the SL and NL groups, except for a higher rate of COPD/asthma in the NL group (5% vs. 30%, p<0.01). The SL group received more crystalloid resuscitation (3.5 L vs. 2.0 L, p<0.01). The SL group showed a decrease in 28-day mortality (22% vs. 50%, p=0.04) and more ventilator-free days (20 vs. 13, p=0.02) as well as trends toward decreased ICU length of stay (3.1 vs. 5.75, p=0.09) and increased vasopressor-free days (21 vs. 16, p=0.09). Conclusions: This QI project increased SLM in ED patients with severe sepsis, with associated increase in interventions (primarily crystalloid administration) and improvement in outcomes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of lactate as a trigger for interventions in the hemodynamic resuscitation of patients in this population.


We address a class of deterministic scheduling problems in which two agents compete for the usage of a single machine. The agents have their own objective functions and submit in each round an arbitrary, unprocessed task from their buffer for possible selection. In each round the shorter of the two submitted tasks is chosen and processed on the machine. We consider the problems under two distinct perspectives: First, we look at them from a centralized point of view as bicriteria optimization problems and try to characterize the set of Pareto optimal solutions. Then, the problems are viewed under the perspective of a single agent. In particular, we measure the worst-case performance of classical priority rules compared to an optimal strategy. Finally, we consider minimax strategies, i.e. algorithms optimizing the objective of one agent in the worst case.


Piezocatalytic therapy, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under mechanical force, has garnered extensive attention for its use in cancer therapy owing to its deep tissue penetration depth and less O2‐dependence. However, the piezocatalytic therapeutic efficiency is limited owing to the poor piezoresponse, low separation of electron–hole pairs, and complicated tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a biodegradable, porous Mn‐doped ZnO (Mn–ZnO) nanocluster with enhanced piezoelectric effect is constructed via doping engineering. Mn‐doping not only induces lattice distortion to increase polarization but also creates rich oxygen vacancies (OV) for suppressing the recombination of electron–hole pairs, leading to high‐efficiency generation of ROS under ultrasound irradiation. Moreover, Mn‐doped ZnO shows TME‐responsive multienzyme‐mimicking activity and glutathione (GSH) depletion ability owing to the mixed valence of Mn (II/III), further aggravating oxidative stress. Density functional theory calculations show that Mn‐doping can improve the piezocatalytic performance and enzyme activity of Mn–ZnO due to the presence of OV. Benefiting from the boosting of ROS generation and GSH depletion ability, Mn–ZnO can significantly accelerate the accumulation of lipid peroxide and inactivate glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) to induce ferroptosis. The work may provide new guidance for exploring novel piezoelectric sonosensitizers for tumor therapy.


For the first month of summer I returned home to do research at the Mayo Clinic back in Arizona. However, the second month is the one I think students would be interested in. I spent a month living in Ecuador with a family through the Cachamsi Medical Spanish Program. The program put students in hospitals or clinics to allow them to shadow local physicians. I was matched in the emergency room of the general public hospital of Riobamba. Every weekday from 8am-12, I spent time in the ER learning from and observing the medical teams. In the evenings, the program had a 2 hour medical Spanish course with a professional instructor. On the weekends we were free to travel the country and be tourists. It was a great experience and I think that some of the MS1's may be interested in it. There were about 13 other students from UTH that also did the program during July, and several more during June. C. Tillinghast


The current approach to multi-scale modelling and simulation of advanced materials for EMC applications are discussed and presented. The critical issues related to the integration of modelling methods at different scales are addressed. Examples are given that illustrate the suggested approaches to predict the behavior and to influence the design of nanostructured materials for next generation nano-interconnects and frequency selective surfaces.


To better understand soil-accelerated acidification process and its amelioration countermeasures,the effects of planting peanut and applying urea and several kinds of organic materials(rice straw,Chinese milk vetch,pig manure) on soil acidity were studied by pot experiment between 2007 and 2008.The results indicated that,compared with the soil in the treatments without planting peanut,soil pH in the treatments with planting peanuts decreased by 0.06-0.28 one year later and by 0.08-0.27 two years later,meanwhile the contents of soil exchangeable Al increased by 7.69%-72.94% and 8.49%-46.20%,respectively.Applying urea increased the yield of peanuts but accelerated soil acidification process.Compared with the soil in the treatments with low rate of urea,soil pH decreased by 0.02-0.10 one year later and by 0.01-0.16 two years later after applying high rate of urea.Organic materials had various ameliorating effects on soil acidity,with the order of pig manurerice strawChinese milk vetch.Soil pH increased but the content of soil exchangeable Al decreased with the applying rate.Among the organic materials,pig manure increased peanut pod yield significantly,and the dry weight of peanut stalk increased by 11.12%-59.28%,and the dry weight of peanut pod increased by 12.42%-68.20% in two years,compared with treatments only with chemical fertilizers.Chinese milk vetch also slightly increased peanut yield but rice straw had an insignificant effect on peanut yield.


Abstract We evaluated whether geographic distance and soil characteristics influence genetic structure of nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbionts associated with the host plant Chamaecrista fasciculata (Partridge Pea). We tested phylogeographic clustering and associations between genetic distance, geographic distance, and soil variables using sequences of 2 bacterial genes and soil chemistry across 23 sites in Mississippi. We identified rhizobia isolated from Partridge Pea as Bradyrhizobium. We detected significant genetic structure at a regional level, and determined that rhizobia within each region were more phylogenetically related than expected. Significant correlation between genetic distance and distances based on soil chemistry suggests environmental influences on rhizobia diversity. High levels of diversity among rhizobia over small spatial scales suggest that symbionts respond to local factors. Understanding geographic diversity in natural assemblages of rhizobia aids in predicting how hosts and symbionts respond to environmental perturbations.


The purpose of this paper is to know what the requirements are in preparing for the newly reformed English speaking test and teaching-demo test using the lesson-plan. And this study hope to present effective ways for the test and suggest acceptable criteria for the judge. This survey was conducted on 167 secondary school English teachers who have passed the National Teacher's Examination. The questionnaire consists of questions covering areas such as the awareness toward the new format of the test and the curriculum that college students who are preparing for the examination want. The data, which was measured with frequency analysis, shows that the teachers are in agreement about the necessity of an English speaking and teaching-demo test and that a more systematic method of improving their speaking and teaching skills is required in the curriculum.


The invention discloses a hydrogenation method for liquefied gas fraction, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: filling at least one section of catalyst bed layer into a reactor, introducing a liquefied gas fraction raw material and hydrogen into the reactor from one or more sections of catalyst bed layers to contact a catalyst and perform hydrogenation saturation reaction, and reacting olefin in the liquefied gas fraction and the hydrogen to generate alkane and release a large amount of heat; after heat exchange, feeding the reaction product into a gas-liquid separator and separating the reaction product into a gas phase and a liquid phase, and introducing the separated gas phase flow into the reactor to perform repeated use; and introducing a part of separated liquid phase flow serving as a cyclic reaction product back to the reactor, and introducing the other part of the separated liquid phase flow serving as a liquefied gas fraction hydrogenation product out of the reactor to perform reuse. The hydrogenation product obtained by the method is saturated light hydrocarbon fraction which can be directly used as a raw material for an ethylene cracking device and also can be fractionated and cut into propane, n-butane and iso-butane and the like serving as high value-added chemical base raw materials so as to increase the economic benefit of an oil refining enterprise.


The world is growing and energy conservation is a very important challenge for the engineering domain. The emergence of smart cities is one possible solution for the same, as it claims that energy and resources are saved in the smart city infrastructure. This chapter is divided into five sections. Section 1 gives the past, present, and future of the living style. It gives the representation from rural, urban, to smart city. Section 2 gives the explanations of four pillars of big data, and through grid, a big data analysis is presented in the chapter. Section 3 started with the case study on smart grid. It comprises traffic congestion and their prospective solution through big data analytics. Section 4 starts from the mobile crowd sensing. It discusses a good elaboration on crowd sensing whereas Section 5 discusses the smart city approach. Important issues like lighting, parking, and traffic were taken into consideration.


Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope systematics place the onset for MORB melting in the garnet field and are indicators for degree and depth of melting. In addition, recent results on U-Th partitioning indicates Th-disequilibria are also explained by placing the onset of melting in the garnet stability field. And, thirdly, Klein and Langmuir (1989) have shown that the normalized major element content of MORB also reveal information about the degree and the depth of melting. Especially Nas and Fes are important indicators whereby Nas is an indicator for the degree of melting and Fes is an indicator for the average depth of melting. We have taken the constrains derived f rom the 176Hf/177Hf, 143Nd/144Nd and 23~ systematics one step further and combined the constrains derived from the isotope systematics with those derived from major elements. The first set of four figures (Fig. 1.) shows the isotope data for two Atlantic Ridge segments with a clear 'local' trend. These two segments show positive correlations with both Fes and Nas and the isotope melting parameters, 8(Sm/~d) and 8(L,m0, indicating that the smaller degree melts have a larger portion of melt generated in the garnet stability field. This is consistent with previous explanations of incomplete mixing of the different malting columns in a triangular shaped melting regime. The high Nas, high 8(L.mO and high Fes melts represent a small degree of melting generated at relatively deep levels and this correspond to melts generated in of-axis melting columns. The low Nas, low Fes and low 8(L,/H0 are large degree of melts that were generated at relatively shallow level in he mantle which represents melts from an on-axis melting column. We also analyzed mid-ocean ridge basalts erupted at different ridge depth. Klei~ and Langmuir (1989) interpreted the 'global' trend and its correlation with ridge depth as follows: the deep ridge segments have high Nas and low Fes indicating a low degree of rdatively low pressure melting, while the shallow ridges represent a large degree of melting and a high average pressure during melting. The Mid-Cayman Rise and the American Antarctic Discordance are two of the de~pest parts of the ocean which both have high Nas and high Fes. However, both MCR and AAD


OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of TGF-β1 on cell cycle in bladder TCC and the expressions of TGF-β1,p21WAF1/CIP1,Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 in specimens of patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma.METHODS:The expressions of TGF-β1,p21,Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 were examined in 50 cases of bladder transitional cell carcinoma and 10 normal bladder mucosas by means of immunohistochemical SP technique.The correlations between the expression results and tumor pathological grades,clinical stages and number of lessions were studied respectively.RESULTS: The positive rate of TGF-β1 in TCC patients(58%) was significantly higher than that in the normal mucosas(20%),which decreased with the advance of tumor grade and tumor stage.The primary tumor group had a higher level expression of TGF-β1 than the recurrent tumor group,P0.001.The expression of p21 had negative correlation with tumor grade and tumor stage,P0.005.The expression level of Cyclin D1 elevated with the advance of tumor grade and tumor stage,but there was not statistical significance,P0.05.The primary tumor group had a higher expression level of p21 than the recurrent tumor group.The Ki-67 expression was positively correlated with both the increased grade and stage.There were higher expression levels of Ki-67 in recurrent tumors and multiple tumors than in primary ones and solitary ones.There was a positive correlation between TGF-β1 and p21.TGF-β1 and Ki-67 had a negative correlation.CONCLUSIONS: TGF-β1 expression increases in the early stage.At the same time p21 expression goes up induced by TGF-β1.Then the high expression level of p21 can inhibit the function of Cyclin D1-CDK4/6 complexes to inhibite tumor growth.In the late stage,TGF-β1 expression decreases and the induction of p21 also reduces.So Cyclin D1 will accelerate cell cycle more strongly and result in progression of tumor.


Degenerate four-wave mixing experiments have been performed for Au colloid-doped glasses prepared by melting and sputtering methods. The nonlinear optical properties of the glasses are discussed from viewpoint of the concentration of the Au colloid particles and the thickness of the glasses. We also discuss the dependence of the nonlinear properties on the pulse duration of laser for the measurements, and a very slow relaxation.


Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is promising to become the foundation of many decentralised systems. However, the unbalanced and unregulated network layout contributes to the inefficiency of DLT especially in Internet of Things (IoT) environments, where nodes connect to only a limited number of peers. The data communication speed globally is unbalanced and does not live up to the constraints of efficient real-time distributed systems. In this paper, we introduce a new communication protocol, which enables nodes to calculate the tradeoff between connecting/disconnecting a peer in a completely decentralised manner. The network layout globally is continuously re-balancing and optimising along with nodes adjusting their peers. This communication protocol weakened the inequality of the communication network. The experiment suggests this communication protocol is stable and efficient.


Brexit poses fundamental challenges to the Irish state across the public policy spectrum but critically in the area of security and defence. Traditionally, Irish security and defence policy was driven by three interconnected policy goals; territorial defence, aid to the civil power and international security operations. The prospect of the UK's withdrawal from the European Union has placed each of these three security and defence roles into a new context and poses a substantial existential challenge to the Irish state. Each will be reviewed in turn; the impact of Brexit on Irish security and defence policy, the capacity and role of the defence forces, and Ireland's engagement in EU security and defence – including the prospect of a 'common defence'. We argue that these three concerns lie at the heart of national existential interests; the survival of the peace process and security on this Island.


The paper discusses the overall design scheme of the system of virtual campus of the Suzhou University of Technology and Science in detail, and proposes specific methods of systemic model integration and optimization aiming at the problems in the demo of systemic model, for example, low efficiency on downloading files and browsing over websites, etc, and guarantee against the congestion of network.


Purpose In this cross-sectional study, three clinical tools, the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA), Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) without bone mineral density (BMD), and body mass index (BMI), for predicting primary osteoporosis (OP) were compared and ideal thresholds for omission of screening BMD were proposed in a community-dwelling elderly Han Beijing male population. Patients and methods A total of 1,349 community-dwelling elderly Han Beijing males aged ≥50 years were enrolled in this study. All subjects completed a questionnaire and measured BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Osteoporosis was defined as a T-score of −2.5 SD or lower than that of the average young adult in different diagnostic criteria (lumbar spine [L1–L4], femoral neck, total hip, worst hip, and World Health Organization [WHO]). FRAX without BMD, OSTA, and BMI were assessed for predicting OP by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Sensitivity, specificity, and areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) were determined. Ideal thresholds for omission of screening BMD were proposed. Results The prevalence of OP ranged from 1.8% to 12.8% according to different diagnostic criteria. This study showed that the BMI has highest discriminating ability. The AUC of FRAX without BMD ranged from 0.536 to 0.630, which suggested limiting predictive value for identifying OP in elderly Beijing male. The AUCs of BMI (0.801–0.880) were slightly better than OSTA (0.722–0.874) in predicting OP at all sites. The AUC of BMI to identify OP in worst hip was 0.824, yielding a sensitivity of 84.8% and a specificity of 64.4%. 40% of participants on BMD measurements saved only 0.1%–2.7% missed OP. Compared to OSTA and FRAX without BMD, the BMI got the best predictive value for OP. Conclusion BMI may be a simple and effective tool for identifying OP in the elderly male population in Beijing to omit BMD screening reasonably.


Non-controlling minority shareholdings in rivals (NCMS) lower the sustainability of collusion under a wide variety of circumstances. Nevertheless, NCMS are sometimes deemed to facilitate collusion, in particular if the level of NCMS is exogenous. The present paper endogenizes firms' choice of NCMS and answers the question: Would colluding firms find it rational to acquire NCMS in rivals? The study of the acquisition reveals that firms have an incentive to acquire NCMS which are accompanied by a shift from collusive to competitive behaviour.


Objective: To study the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Achyranthes aspera and check the antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activity of the biosynthesized AgNPs Methods: 20 ml of aqueous leaf extract of A. aspera was added to 80 ml of 2 mM silver nitrate and the reaction solution was heated at 55-60 °C for 20 min and incubated. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by different spectroscopic measurements including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS). Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was checked against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis (Gram+ve bacteria), Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-ve bacteria), Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Candida nonalbicans (Human pathogenic fungi) by employing disc diffusion method. The free radical scavenging activity of AgNPs was checked against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) radicals. Results: After 1 h of incubation, the light yellow color of the reaction solution was turned to dark brown. UV-Vis spectra showed the absorption peak at 445 nm and confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs. FTIR spectra revealed the functional groups plausibly involved in the biosynthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. XRD pattern revealed that the synthesized AgNPs were crystalline in nature with face-centered cubic (FCC) phase. TEM revealed that the synthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape with 20-40 nm in size. DLS analysis revealed that the average size of AgNPs was 24.5 nm. Biosynthesized AgNPs were highly stable due to their high negative zeta potential value of-28.1 mV. AgNPs showed effective antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (16.4 mm), B. subtilis (14.5 mm), K. pneumonia (13.2 mm), P. aeruginosa (12.4 mm), A. niger (12.2 mm), C. albicans (11.5 mm) and C. nonalbicans (11.8 mm). AgNPs showed effective free radical scavenging activity with IC 50 values of 77.73 and 90.53 µg/ml respectively against DPPH and H 2 O 2 radicals. Conclusion: Successful and rapid synthesis of AgNPs was achieved using aqueous leaf extract of A. aspera . Biosynthesized AgNPs were proved to be excellent antimicrobial agents and free radical scavengers. Keywords: Achyranthes aspera , Silver nanoparticles, TEM, DLS, Antimicrobial and Radical scavenging activity


Abstract
Findings within the last decade reveal a core set of activities that have been correlated to student success metrics such as persistence, retention, and graduation (Kuh, 2008). These research-based activities are called high-impact practices (HIPs). Students who have participated in HIPs have shown gains in retention, in persistence, intellectually and in an overall positive college experience. This chapter provides an overview of 10 HIPs and their importance and benefits to underserved students, that is, first-generation college students, low-income college students, and underrepresented students of color such as African American, Latino/a, and Native American. Findings within the chapter also recognize how HIPs can be extremely beneficial for historically Black colleges and universities to build capacity and to ensure student success, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).


A novel two-stage ethylene Rankine power cycle that can recover cold energy of LNG is represented. A core device of multi-stream cryogenic heat exchanger (MSCHE) is used in the cycle to decrease the temperature difference of heat transfer process and increase the energy efficiency. The two-stage expansion which means there are two evaporation processes which works at about-100°C and-55°C respectively. This can make better use of the cold energy of LNG. The available process parameters were investigated and given by process simulation with HYSYS software. The results show that the cold energy and exergy efficiency is 19.67% and 27.15%, respectively. The ethane could also be used as working fluid in this cycle and similar output power could be achieved.


The main emphasis of this paper is on the engineering economics and design developments in the field of thermal power generation in Pakistan.Pakistan is rich with coal fields but is making no use of this available natural resource to fulfil its energy demands. The shortage of power is getting worst day by day and to align with the power requirements, Pakistan needs to add 2000 MW each year to national grid.With the increasing prices of natural gas and oil, Pakistan should consider coal, the abundantly available natural resource, as an alternate fuel for its new power plants to overcome the power crises.


Developed for the shallow channel anomalies in the North Sea, the dip constrained tomography can also be effective in subsalt areas, when geological dip constraints are known. Subsalt areas often suffer from noisy residual move-out information and limited angular coverage. In this work, we show that the introduction in the non-linear slope-tomography cost function of an additional term related to the offset-dependent imaged dips helps in stabilizing the inversion and the computed velocity perturbations. We use a North Sea example to demonstrate that the use of geological constraints in this extended tomography below complex overburdens improves the seismic image focusing and provides a more geologically plausible velocity model.


Analysts and policy makers require information about innovation activities at regional level. CIS surveys currently carried out on the basis of the Oslo manual do not allow to build satisfactory regional indicators: innovation activities carried out by multi-plant, multi-region enterprises are attributed to the head office. This introduces a bias, in particular where head offices are concentrated in particular regions – Italy is a case in point. Another approach is based on the collection of data at the establishment level, departing from the "subject" approach at the core of the Oslo manual. This paper describes a methodology which allows to build regional indicators in the Oslo framework. The methodology, which is currently being tested by ISTAT, implies a two-stage approach: collecting information at the enterprise level and, in the case of multi-regional enterprises, also at the sub-enterprise level The reconciliation between the information collected at the two levels is made on the basis of one of the few quantitative variables of the CIS questionnaire: the innovation expenditure. This reconciliation implies some rather strong assumptions about the "unity" of the enterprise and about the technological capabilities of establishments. Furthermore, the methodology allows to built only a limited number of indicators at regional level. It is concluded that the two-tier approach is worth pursuing and that, if the test is successful, it might be considered for a further development of the Oslo methodology and for consideration in the next revision of the manual. 1. The measurement of innovation at regional level Over the last few years the territorial dimension of innovation has come to the forefront of discussion both at the academic and the policy level. In regional science various theoretical approaches are adopted to analyse the spatial dimension of innovation. Some of them refer to theoretical frameworks like the Marshallian industrial districts and externalities (Becattini, 1989), while others adopt the milieu innovateur approach (Aydalot, 1986). Recently the regional innovation systems (Howells, 1997, Cooke, 2000) has become most popular; this approach is based on evolutionary theories of economic and technological change, in particular on the national innovation systems tradition (Freeman, 1987, Nelson, 1993, Lundvall 1992). In this context a regional system of innovation is defined as a network of interacting public and private actors and institutions that generate, use and disseminate new technologies. The basic argument is that socio-economic and institutional interrelations produce a specific form of knowledge – the tacit knowledge that encourages firms to locate their activities in one region rather than in another and despite of the progress of the information technologies; it conceptualises innovation as an embedded, not placeless, process that can explain the localization and the emergence of high-tech clusters in some regions worldwide. The concept of regional innovation systems has influenced the framework of current regional innovation policies, in particular those of the EU. Although a growing number of studies carried out over the last few years contribute significantly to the understanding of the innovation process at a geographic scale, the definition of the spatial boundaries of regional systems of innovation is still lacking. This is due to two reasons: an inherent difficulty of modelling the innovation process per se, in particular its systemic aspects, and the complexity of the spatial dynamics of innovation – an issue that has only recently been the object of interest of analysts. In the last few years, two main kinds of case studies were developed. First, case studies of specific local experiences and best practices of regional innovation systems or local clusters of innovation. Most of the academic contributions adopt the method of shifting the unit of observation of the phenomenon from firm to a geographical unit (region, cluster, local system). The assumption at the basis of this literature is that the presence and concentration of specialised infrastructure (services, universities, research centre, etc.) in a territory is a sufficient condition for generating spatial interactions amongst actors. The main consequence is that, from a macro perspective, the behaviour of innovative firms remain a "black box"; the actual existence of spatial interactions, their intensity and quality remain unexplored. Another consequence of this approach is that local specificities do not allow an easy comparability of results across regions and nations (Cesaroni et al. 2003). Second, a series of case studies based on innovative firms and their strategies and performance at local level. These studies focus on the networking effects at local level by looking at those elements which characterise regional systems of innovation through the analysis of firms' behaviour. This is the case, for Italy, of the studies on the technological area of Catania (Buttà et al, 2004). Collecting statistical data and building innovation indicators at local level implies the definition of the relevant geographical boundary. The current literature offers various options: industrial districts, local labour systems, metropolitan areas, clusters, administrative regions. While in theory it is possible to produce statistics at any geographical level, in practice the collection of innovation data is severely constrained by a host of factors (sample size, data capture, innovation features of the geographical areas, ect.). At the end of the day the area which, in the majority of the cases, is used in the breakdown of the data is the administrative region (in the European area the administrative regions correspond to two digit level of the NUTS Classification). Despite the lack of satisfactory theoretical and methodological tools for collecting and analysing data of innovation at a sub-national level, many sub-national scale indicators were developed at the request of policy makers. Over the last few years, European Union research and innovation policies have been evaluated through cross-country and cross-region systems of indicators that fall under the heading of "benchmarking", defined by the High Level Group of the European Commission as "a continuous, systematic process for comparing the performance of organisations, functions, economic processes, policy or sectors of business against the best practice in the world" (EC, 2003). Overall, while for various aspects of regional development the indicators used for benchmarking may be considered acceptable, innovation indicators based on CIS data are quite poor. This paper sets forth a methodology for building regional indicators in the Oslo manual framework. The boundaries of the region are those defined in the administrative sense. The methodology allows, among other things, to built indicators which provide information on innovation features particularly relevant in the framework of the regional systems of innovation (cooperation, sources on information). 2. Regional innovation indicators: the Oslo Manual and the two-tiered approach. The Oslo manual does not provide guidelines on how to build indicators at regional level. The manual deals with the regionalisation of innovation indicators in Chapter 4 with reference to the identification of the "statistical units" to be recommended for data collection in innovation surveys. According to the manual, the "enterprise" is the "most appropriate primary statistical unit"; however, it can not be excluded that "... for regional analysis, the establishment unit or similar units may be useful for collecting innovation data". At the same time the manual underscores that not all the indicators can be produced by surveying only a population of "establishments": "However, information on some variables should not be collected at the level of establishment (or similar units) as they refer directly to the enterprise". One possibility to built indicators with a regional breakdown is to combine the enterprise level and the establishment level: the "enterprise" for calculating indicators about the overall business activities and strategies (the variable "innovation objectives", for instance, should be collected at enterprise level according to the Manual) and another statistical unit at sub-enterprise level in order to produce a regional breakdown for some variables. The options implicitly offered by the Oslo manual for producing regional innovation are as follows: 1) Surveys of establishments a) surveys of kind of activity units (KAUs) b) surveys of local units* 2) Surveys of enterprises and establishments ("two-tiered surveys") a) collections of data at establishment level to be consolidated at enterprise level. There is only a "statistical unit used for analysis", that is the "enterprise" but different "statistical units for data collection" (establishments) can be allowed. b) collections of data at both enterprise and the establishment level. Using both "primary" (enterprises) and "secondary" (establishments) statistical units for data collection.** * A special case of a survey on local units would be a survey on "regional branches of enterprises", i.e. statistical units including all local units of an enterprise based in a region. ** A special case would be a survey using, as secondary statistical units for data collection, "regional branches of enterprises", i.e. statistical units including all local units of an enterprise based in a region. The Oslo manual can accommodate the "two-tiered" approach to obtain information which would be relevant both at the "strategic" (enterprise) and "local" (establishment) level. The manual also underscores potential problems; for instance, with reference to the case 2a, "...a drawback is that ..... establishments may not be in a position to respond to all questions on innovation.". The approach 2b is apparent


ABSTRACT Conventional wisdom suggests that firms leverage key influencers (e.g. individuals with high centrality) in online communities to stimulate buzz. Using a large panel dataset including 1,569,264 online Yelp reviews and the ego-network of 366,715 individual reviewers over a nine-year period, this study examines the effects of number of ties and network density on the volume and valence of online reviews. In contrast with the general belief that key influencers always generate positive buzz, the findings show that they can adversely affect future review valence. Specifically, reviewers with many connections on Yelp can reduce the positivity of reviews of the same business in the next period. This finding has implications for marketing practice in online community management and social media intervention.


Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors. PGLs can further be divided into sympathetic (sPGLs) and head-and-neck (HN-PGLs). There are virtually no treatment options, and no cure, for metastatic PCCs and PGLs (PPGLs). Here, we composed a tissue microarray (TMA) consisting of 149 PPGLs, reflecting clinical features and presenting as a useful resource. Mutations in the pseudohypoxic marker EPAS1/HIF-2α correlates to an aggressive tumor phenotype. We show that HIF-2α unexpectedly localized to the cytoplasm in PPGLs. This subcompartmentalized protein expression differed between tumor subtypes, and strongly correlated to proliferation. Half of all sPGLs were metastatic at time of diagnosis. Cytoplasmic HIF-2α was strongly expressed in metastatic sPGLs and predicted poor outcome in this subgroup. We propose that cytoplasmic HIF-2α expression serves as a useful clinical marker to differentiate subtypes and predicting outcome, and hence can be used for improved targeted treatment in PPGLs.


This paper presents the video image acquisition, transmission and display using wireless Internet network between two heterogeneous operating systems. First of all, the design of video acquisition system is designed. Based on V4L2 standard, the video acquisition program is devised. Secondly, by using the method of network programming, the design of network communication is completed based on TCP socket. Finally, based on OpenCV database, the image display interface is realized using MFC technology. The experiment shows that the designed system can realize image transmission between two different operating systems.


Oncogenic alterations of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway drives growth of over 40% of human tumors, frequently due to activating mutations of components of the pathway, such as RAS or BRAF. Targeting the pathway using BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) in combination with MEK inhibitors (MEKi) is now the standard of care for metastatic melanoma patients harboring the BRAF(V600E) mutation. However, effective targeted therapies are lacking for most cancers driven by other pathway alterations, including those with RAS activating mutations. The effectiveness of current clinical BRAFi relies on the fact that they bind selectively and inhibit the mutationally activated monomeric form of the BRAF(V600E) kinase in tumors but not wild-type BRAF in normal tissue where BRAF signals in its dimeric form. Yet, the development of adaptive resistance, frequently due to RAF dimerization, limits BRAFi therapeutic effectiveness. Another class of BRAFi equipotent for both monomeric and dimeric BRAF have been developed, but are predicted to have lower therapeutic index due to inhibition of dimeric wild-type BRAF in normal tissues as well. Recently, we identified and characterized a novel class of BRAFi that preferentially binds and inhibits dimeric BRAF over monomeric BRAF(V600E) (i.e. RAF dimer-selective inhibitors). Furthermore, we rationally designed a combinatorial approach utilizing a BRAF monomer-selective plus a BRAF dimer-selective inhibitor plus a MEK inhibitor, that potently disrupts the BRAF/MEK complex, to maximally inhibit BRAF(V600E) signaling in tumors while retaining a broad therapeutic index. This triple combination potently suppressed tumor growth of multiple BRAF(V600E) colorectal cancer and melanoma models resistant to the current clinical BRAFi and MEKi combinations both in vitro and in vivo. To design effective therapeutic approaches for RAS-mutated tumors, we also assessed the effectiveness of RAF and MEK inhibitors belonging to diverse biochemical and structural classes, either alone or in combination in RAS-mutant tumor models and normal cells with wild-type RAS signaling. We found that RAF dimer-selective inhibitors potently antagonized MAPK signaling and growth in various RAS mutant cancer models as compared to normal cells. We found further that RAF and MEK inhibitor combinations belonging to certain biochemical classes resulted in more potent MAPK suppression in RAS-mutant tumor as compared to wild-type RAS normal cells ("therapeutic synergy") and should be prioritized for clinical testing. In contrast, those combinations which are more potent in normal over tumor cells ("adverse synergy") are unlikely to be clinically successful. Thus, rationally designed combinations of selected RAFi and MEKi, based on their distinct biochemical properties, can uncover new therapeutic opportunities tailored for more effective targeting of BRAF or RAS mutant tumors.
 Citation Format: Ana Orive-Ramos, Christos Adamopoulos, Beau Baars, Jason Lam, Ankita Punetha, Jason Huang, Vasileios I. Petrou, Stuart A. Aaronson, Poulikos I. Poulikakos. Designing RAF and MEK inhibitor combinations based on their biochemical properties to effectively target MAPK-driven cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5734.


In the framework of the neural information coding the dynamical behavior of the forced subthreshold FitzHugh-Nagumo model and of its linearized version are compared. We show that for this biophysical model an effective Integrate and Fire system (its linearized version) can be used to describe approximatively some of its properties.


With the promotion of agricultural technology environment,objects,technology has undergone major changes,an urgent need to improve the agricultural extension system technology,innovation and promotion patterns.According to the promotion of practice and investigation,for the promotion of social and economic benefits of different projects,government support can be used to promote models,promotion model driven enterprise,civil society associations to promote the promotion of various forms of pattern and organization system.Meanwhile,we must nurture and develop different forms of ownership of the promotion agencies,strengthen the agricultural technology promotion ranks.


A process for purifying organic mixtures, in particular glycerol, characterized in that it is carried out by means of a melt crystallization with the addition of a solvent.


A shower of secondary Cosmic Ray (CR) particles is produced at high altitudes in the Earth's atmosphere, so the primordial Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) are never directly measured outside the Earth magnetosphere and atmosphere. They approach the Earth and other planets in the complex pattern of rigidity's dependence, generally excluded by the magnetosphere. GCRs revealed by images of single nuclear reactions also called spallation events are described here. Such an event was seen on Nov. 29, 2015 using a unique LASCO C3 space coronagraph routine image taken during the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO) mission observing uninterruptedly at the Lagrangian L1 point. The spallation signature of a GCR identified well outside the Earth's magnetosphere is obtained for the 1st time. The resulting image includes different diverging linear "tracks" of varying intensity, leading to a single pixel, this frame identifies the site on the silicon CCD chip of the coronagraph camera. There was no solar flare reported at that time, nor Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) and no evidence of optical debris around the spacecraft. More examples of smaller CR events have been discovered through the 20 years of continuous observations from SoHO. This is the first spallation event from a CR, recorded outside the Earth's magnetosphere. We evaluate the probable energy of these events suggesting a plausible galactic source.
Key words: Sun: Galactic Cosmic Rays, Solar Energetic Particles, Heliosphere.


High-multiplicity pp collisions exhibit features, traditionally associated with nuclear effects. Coherence motivates to treat high-multiplicity pp, pA and AA collisions on an equal footing. We rely on the phenomenological parametrization for mean multiplicities of light hadrons and J/psi, assuming their linear dependence on N_{coll} in pA collisions. The results of this approach underestimate the recently measured production rate of J/psi at very high hadronic multiplicities. The linear dependence of J/psi multiplicity on N_{coll} is subject to predicted nonlinear corrections, related to mutual boosting of the saturation scales in colliding dense parton clouds. A parameter-free calculation of the non-linear corrections allows to explain data for pT-integrated yield of J/psi at high hadronic multiplicities. Calculations are in a good accord with data binned in several pT-intervals as well. As was predicted, Upsilon and J/psi are equally suppressed at forward rapidities in pA collisions. Consequently, their fractional multiplicities at forward rapidities in pp collisions are equal as well, and their magnitude agrees with data.


Similarly to other countries in Eastern and Central Europe, Estonia has a relatively short experience of problems related to the use of illicit substances. In the previously "Real Socialist" countries in general, the increase in drug use among youth did not take place until the 1990s. This paper focuses on opiate users in Estonia. Unlike some other drugs, heroin does not have a trendy status, but is strongly rejected by the recreational drug users of the party scene. On the contrary, opiate users tend to be heavily marginalized. Relying on open-ended interviews with opiate users, this paper focuses on relationships between addiction and the cultural context of drug use. The majority of opiate users belong to the Russian-speaking minority, whose relative social status has considerably weakened after the restoration of Estonia's independence in 1991, and who have limited opportunities in the educational and labour markets. Young people started to use drugs from a desire to experience action, but the absence of other meaningful roles besides that of a drug user quickly led them towards addiction. However, the addicts were able to develop and maintain new competencies for living with heroin. It can be argued that addiction does not lead to a complete loss of control over their lives, but is rather an escape route from mainstream society. Heroin users do not become addicted to the drug alone but to the whole way of life centred on it.


The inhibition effect of 32 fish drugs on V.harveyi GYC1108-1 in vitro was studied by the method of doubling dilution in test tube.The pathhogenic bacteria GYC1108-1was isolated from diseased great yellow croake in Zhejiang province in 2003.We tested minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations(MBCs) of 32 fish drugs,including 7 Chinese medicinal herbs,8 antibiotics and 17 disinfectors for water.The results showed that the MICs of 7 Chinese medicinal herbs on GYC1108-1 were between 0.039 mg/L and 625 mg/L,MBCs were between 0.078 mg/L and 1250 mg/L.The MICs of 8 antibiotics on GYC1108-1 were between 0.078 mg/L and 1.25 mg/L,MBCs were between 0.156 mg/L and 2.5 mg/L.The MICs of 17 disinfectors for water on GYC1108-1 were between 0.062 mg/L and 3.125 mg/L,MBCs were between 0.078 mg/L and 6.25 mg/L.So these fish drugs all show good effect in prevention and treatment on V.harveyi GYC1108-1.


Traditional green transportation research pays more attention to the optimization of transportation technology and structure in terms of traffic environment consumption constrains. The results cannot achieve on the feedback between transportation and land-use. The paper proposed urban land structure planning model, considering the interaction between land-use and transportation. It uses the index of land use structure as variables to set up bi-level programming model, from the perspective of the origin of traffic production. In this regard, GASA was used to solve the model in which the upper objective function minimized traffic environment consumption, and the lower objective function maximized transportation efficiency. Taking the case of Zhenjiang for example, the paper described the application of the bi-level programming planning model, and resulted for the feedback suggestion that land mixed extent and road area ratio should be improved properly.


In the current labor market, a large number of people engage in programming activities, even without being trained developers. Fostering Software Engineering (SE) principles at the K-12 level can increase the quality of the code that students will write in their future careers. Middle school students usually learn Computer Science (CS) as part of other disciplines; thus, the challenge is achieving the CS learning objectives and foster SE principles while fulfilling the curricular objectives. In this work, we describe a didactic module and its assessment framework; moreover, we report the results of a classroom experience that shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach. This work provides educators with a practical example of how to cover several areas of technology in a way for middle school students to be engaged and to spark future interest. The results encourage us to work on the development of the next modules dedicated to middle schools.


ABSTRACT Aim: Infection is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with multiple myeloma. The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with the development of severe infections in patients with multiple myeloma during chemotherapy with bortezomib-containing regimens. Methods: A total of 98 patients with myeloma who were treated with bortezomib-based chemotherapy between 2006 and 2012 were examined. Using the logistic regression method, a variety of factors were analyzed for the development of severe bacterial infections (SBI) at each of 427 courses. Results: Median age of patients was 62 years, and 40.6% (30/98) of patients were treated with bortezomib-containing chemotherapy as first-line treatment. The SBI was developed in 57% (56/98) of patients and 19% (81/427) of bortezomib courses. Of 81 SBI episodes, 42 (53%) episodes were clinically documented infection, 30 (37%) episodes were microbiologically documented infections, and 9 (11%) episodes were fever of unknown origin. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed poor performance status (ECOG ≥2) (HR 3.920, 95% C.I. 2.305-6.666, P Conclusions: Patients with these risk factors (early courses of therapy, poor performance status and lymphopenia) should be more closely monitored for bacterial infections and a consideration of prophylactic use of antibiotics at least for the initial 2 courses of therapy would be helpful to decrease bacterial infections. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


Dermoscopy has recorded continuous development in the past decades. Both global and individual features of dermoscopic morphology that play an role in identifying melanomas have enjoyed particular attention by researchers. Dermoscopy has gained an undoubted place in the detection of early melanomas. This paper is a review of data existent in literature that approach of dermoscopic morphology features of melanocytic pigmented skin lesions. This work highlights such situations where these features may be found in non-melanocytic pigmented skin lesions thus inducing confused diagnosis.


. Coffee is very popular with Indonesian people. Indonesia itself is the fourth largest coffee18 producing country in the world. Lampung is also the largest coffee producer in Indonesia with robusta coffee. Coffee also has a relatively high economic value, so it plays an essential role in the Indonesian economy as a source of foreign exchange and income for coffee farmers in Indonesia. Tanggamus contributes 40% of the total coffee production in Lampung. Robusta coffee is the main coffee grown on the mountain. Tanggamus Robusta has characteristics compared to coffee in other regions. The reason is this is very dependent on the fertility of the soil in Tanggamus and its management using natural fertilizers. 9 Social ecology models emphasize different levels of influence (such as intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy) and the idea that behaviour shapes and are both shaped by the social environment. The application of the social ecology model to coffee focuses on several goals: to explain the interaction of individuals with the environment, to maintain human growth and development in a given environment, and to enhance the background so that they can support the individual. There are five levels in the social ecology model. They start from the individual or interpersonal group, The interpersonal. The organizational level. The level of society or community is the culture. And the level of public policy.


The class difference of education has been shown more at the stage of higher education in domestic,the main reason is that income affects the household educational expenditure,the occupancy of cultural and political resources of family memers also has certain impacts on educaiton.At present,the principle of compensation is the trial to change the inquality of higher education of classes.


Building upon extant research on temporal framing effect (i.e., relative persuasiveness of present- vs. future-oriented messages), this study investigates whether temporal framing effect differs for narrative versus non-narrative messages in the context of promoting human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among young adults. Results of a controlled experiment (N = 416) indicated that a present-oriented (vs. future-oriented) message led to more favorable attitudes and stronger intentions and perceived vaccine efficacy when the messages were presented in a narrative format, whereas a future-oriented (vs. present-oriented) message resulted in similar attitudes, intentions, and perceived vaccine efficacy when the messages were presented in a non-narrative format. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.


This paper presents results of the assessment of solid biofuels (residual biomasses from agricultural crops) in Mato Grosso do Sul state, in the period 2007-2012, for energy in agriculture uses. It is pointed out the available quantity, its geographic location at micro and meso regions and energy conversion potential. The methodology is based on a survey of raw data from cities, agricultural production of the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (quantity and local availability, per year) followed by determination of the amounts of agricultural assessed residues, and then applying equations from the literature to estimate the amount of energy (J) and power (kW) obtained from the thermal conversion of residual biomasses. Results are presented for three residual biomasses from agricultural crops (corn cobs, rice husk and sugarcane bagasse) with cartograms for all micro regions at Mato Grosso do Sul state, graphics for quantification in the cities were crops production occurs and a table for total energy obtained by conversion processes. For the whole MS state, Dourados micro region was identified as the most promising for energy in agriculture with three main cities (Dourados, Rio Brilhante e Maracaju), by solid biofuel availability to provide ~11% of the total electrical energy consumption in 2014.


Recent approaches about school bullying have criticized the exclusive focus on the bully/victim dyad and indicated the need to also examine the roles that observers can play in this phenomenon - assistants, reinforcers, defenders and outsiders (Salmivalli, Voeten, & Poskiparta, 2011). In this sense, based on the conceptual framework of the motivation to intervene in bullying situations Thornberg et al. (2012), the present study aimed to understand factors that lead observers to help or not the victims of bullying. A total of 481 students from 5th to 9th grade, from four schools of Evora region, participated in the study. For data collection it was used a questionnaire composed by socio-demographic and school characterization, and two scales related with observation of bullying situations: Bullying Bystanders Behaviour Scale (ECOB; Thornberg & Jungert, 2013) and Assessment and Moral Sensibility Scale towards Bullying (EASMB; Pereira & Melo, 2014). The main results suggest the existence of four factors that influence the observer to intervene or not in bullying situations - Lack of Basic Moral Sensitivity, Withdrawal from Bullying Situation, Empathy and Moral Disengagement.


Insurance coverage is usually denied where an individual intentionally causes damage to persons or property. The analysis becomes more complicated, however, where the mental capacity of the insured is in question. Courts have used a number of tests to examine the mental state of an insured in order to determine whether she could form the requisite intent. This Comment begins by examining the judicial confusion and inconsistency in applying these tests. The author argues that the existing tests are unsatisfactory, both in their formulation and in their application. The author proposes a new test for ascertaining mental capacity of an insured, one that will provide consistency, avoid confusion, and accord with the public policy of insurance.


The usefulness of the chiral transition metal π complex 1 as synthetic building block was demonstrated by its conversion into the functionalized enone 2, which in turn could be efficiently transformed into the marine natural product (+)-ptilocaulin (3). The crystal structures of 3 and rac-3 exhibit highly interesting patterns of hydrogen bonding resulting in helical or ribbonlike arrangements of the guanidinium nitrate monomers.


: Premix feed is a feed mixture containing one or more feed additives and diluent or carrier after mixed evenly, which plays an important role in cattle feeding. In this paper, the characteristics and functions of premix feeds were analyzed, and the effects of adding fat, vitamins, microelements and other mixtures in daily feed on the reproductive performance of cattle were analyzed, and the effects of adding different premix feeds in feed on the postpartum diseases of cattle were expounded.


A device was developed to determine the electrical conductivities of foods under ohmic or conventional heating conditions. Orange and tomato juices (serum and various solids contents) were tested in the device. the electrical conductivity of juices increased with temperature and decreased with solids content. the temperature dependence of conductivity was linear, both under conventional and ohmic heating. Experiments on suspensions of carrot juice solids, and polystyrene spheres in sodium phosphate solution showed an increase in electrical conductivity of the suspension with decreasing particle size.


We describe a 3-D object reconstruction method using a stationary camera anda planar mirror. No external calibration is required. The mirror providesthe extra views needed for a multiple-view reconstruction. We examine theimaging geometry of the camera-mirror setup and prove a theorem that givesus the constraints for computing the orientation of the mirror. Theconstraints are derived from the convex hull of the silhouettes of theimages of the object and its mirror reflection. The distance between themirror and the camera can be then obtained by a single object point or apair of points on the mirror. After the pose of the mirror isdetermined, we have multiple calibrated views of the object. We present areconstruction method customized for the special imaging geometry.


Measures of growth in student learning are required to be a significant contributing factor in educator evaluations for all school districts in Missouri beginning with the 2015-2016 school year. Preparing for this change now will help ensure successful implementation of growth measures when it counts. Student Learning Objectives (SLOs) provide a framework for gathering and analyzing student growth data in all subject areas and at all grade levels. Using the SLO process promotes good teaching practice by setting goals, measuring progress along the way, and reflecting on growth. Day 2: Implementation of SLO Learning Outcomes: Participants will learn how to approve and provide constructive feedback to teacher-developed SLO. Participants will learn foundational steps in preparing a school for an SLO, data–driven decision making culture.


Short action potentials facilitate the induction of atrial reentry, and this has been proposed as a pathophysiologic basis for the frequent recurrences of atrial fibrillation (AF) immediately after internal atrial cardioversion (IACV). However, short-term changes in the atrial monophasic action potential following cardioversion have not yet been investigated in humans. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in atrial action potential duration that occur following IACV. Methods: Eight patients with chronic AF underwent IACV. The atrial monophasic action potential duration at 80% repolarization (APD 80 ) was recorded at 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min after IACV. Results: IACV was successful in all patients, but 3 patients had 1-3 episodes of immediate recurrence of AF within 70 sec after IACV. There was a significant 39.3 ± 8.8-msec APD prolongation at 30 min after IACV. Overall, 79% of the prolongation occurred within 0-3 min and 21% occurred within 3-30 min after IACV. The APD 80 in patients with immediate recurrence of AF was shorter at between 1 to 5 min after IACV. Conclusions: Our data imply that there is a transient recovery of atrial refractoriness after cardioversion, and suggest that a shorter APD 80 during the initial few minutes could be a mechanism underlying the immediate recurrence of AF.


This article presents a fully printed wireless sensor tag for structural health monitoring of smart lightweight construction parts. The sensor concept aims for sustainability and was developed in line with the European Green Deal, fabricated by inkjet printing on uncoated paper substrate, working without the use of a battery or a chip. Measurement results show a wireless operation over a distance of 3 mm, a sensitivity of 4.16-kHz resonant frequency shift per % relative humidity for the humidity sensor, 165 kHz per 1% strain for the strain sensor, and a temperature coefficient of resistance of $1.61\times 10^{-3}\,\,\text{K}^{-1}$ for the temperature sensor. In case of all three sensors, the measurement data show a linear response and are in good agreement with literature and reference data.


Background Patientswho present with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) need emergent revascularization. Our study aims to investigate the outcomes in patients with STEMI admitted during weekends versus weekdays. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the nationwide inpatient sample database. Patients with an admitting diagnosis of STEMI identified by the International Classification of Disease code for the year 2016 were analyzed. A weighted descriptive analysis was performed to generate national estimates. Patients admitted over the weekend were compared to those admitted over the weekday. Patients were stratified by demographic and clinical factors including the Elixhauser comorbidity index. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and secondary outcomes were percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) utilization rate, rate of transfer-out, length of stay (LOS), and total hospital charges. Statistical analysis including linear and logistic regression was performed using STATA. Results A total of 163 715 adult patients were admitted with STEMI, of which 27.9% (45 635) were admitted over the weekend. There were 76.2% Caucasians, 9.3% African Americans, and 8.0% Hispanics. Mean age of the patients was 63.2 years (95% CI, 62.9–63.5) for the weekend group and 63.7 years (95% CI, 63.5–63.9) for weekday admissions. The majority of the patients in both groups had Medicare (43.7% and 45.8% on weekends and weekdays, respectively; P = 0.0047). After adjusting for age, sex, race, income, Elixhauser comorbidity index, PCI use, hospital location, teaching status, and bed size, mortality was not significantly different in weekend versus weekday admissions (odds ratios 1.04; P = 0.498; 95% CI, 0.93–1.16). There was no significant difference in mean total charge per admission during the weekend versus weekday admissions ($107 093 versus $106 869; P = 0.99.) Mean LOS was 4.1 days for both groups (P = 0.81). Conclusions There were no significant differences in mortality, LOS, or total hospital charge in STEMI patients being admitted during the weekend versus weekdays.


We propose a real-time near-optimal motion and trajectory planner using an interior-point method (IPM) based simultaneous dynamic optimization approach applicable to automatic parallel parking. Partitioning an automatic parking zone into two areas with and without inequality constraints drastically improves the convergence efficiency of the IPM-based simultaneous dynamic optimization of nonlinear programs while retaining the accuracy and stability of simulation for optimization. An optimal ready-to-reverse point (RRP), from where backward moving parking maneuver starts, is provided based on the cost function of the tracking time and additional delayed time of gear shifts caused by multiple maneuvers. The stability and accuracy of the proposed method was verified through simulation using AMPL with an IPOPT solver.


We introduce a model for the computation of a multicommodity flow together with back-up flows for each commodity after any of a given set of failure states occurs in a network. We call such a total routing strategy a restorable multicommodity flow. One advantage of restorable flows over classical network protection methods, such as disjoint paths, is that the commodities may effectively share capacity in the network for their back-up flows. We consider the problem of finding a minimum expectedcost restorable flow, under a given probability distribution on network element failures. The underlying stochastic optimization problem can be modelled as a large-scale linear programming (LP) problem that explicitly incorporates the network failure scenarios. The size of the LPs grows swiftly, however, in the size of network and number of failure states. Our focus is on developing a scalable combinatorial algorithm for this problem. This leads us to specialize the problem to the case where traffic flows for each commodity are restricted to a (pre-computed) collection of disjoint paths. This restriction also makes it easier to restore traffic after network failures; specifically, restoration can be performed by the commodity's endpoints without rerouting any of the traffic which was not disturbed by the network failure. In this setting, devise an approximation scheme for the feasibility problem that is based only on repeatedly pushing flow along cheapest pairs of paths. The algorithms are easily described and readily implementable. We give computational results relating how our approach scales for large networks in comparison with general-purpose LP solvers. An earlier version of this paper, with identical results, appeared in [7]. ∗L. Fleischer is with the Graduate School of Industrial Administration, Carnegie-Mellon University, firstname.lastname@example.com. A. Meyerson is with the Dept. of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, firstname.lastname@example.com. I. Saniee, B. Shepherd are with Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, {iis,email@example.com. Aravind Srinivasan is with the Dept. of Computer Science and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland at College Park, email@example.com; his work was done mainly while at Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies.


The results of over 20 trial burns at hazardous waste incinerators were assembled in an attempt to determine which compounds may pose a significant threat to the public health. The risks associated with semivolatile emissions were found to be inconsequential, although further study of dioxins and dibenzofurans emissions appears to be warranted. The risk associated with the emission of cadmium and perhaps chromium (VI) may pose a significant risk to public health at certain facilities. Controls on waste feed or air pollution control devices should be employed to reduce the emission of these metals. Any monitoring of metal emissions from hazardous waste incinerators should focus on cadmium and chromium (VI).


Through analyzing the contents of typical pollutants (PCB, Hg, Cd, Pb and As) in sediments of Changjiang Estuary, Zhujiang Estuary, Yalujiang Estuary and Liaohe Estuary, with adopting the index number techniques of single factor and Hakanson ecological risk the quality status of these sediments were evaluated; and the potential ecological risks of these estuaries were determined quantitatively. The order of integrated pollution extents was Changjiang Estuary Yalujiang Estuary Zhujiang Estuary Liaohe Estuary. The average integrated index number of typical pollutants Cd were 0.91 and 1.02 respectively, with rather good sediment quality in Changjiang Estuary and Yalujiang Estuary. However, Cd pollution extent was rather serious in Liaohe Estuary with average pollution index number of 3.38, and in Zhujiang Estuary As pollution was moderate with average pollution index number C if of 1.57. The sequence of potential ecological risk was Yalujiang Estuary Changjiang Estuary Zhujiang Estuary Liaohe Estuary. Cd possessed rather high potential ecological risk in Liaohe Estuary (with an average potential risk parameter E ir of 101.53); while Hg possessed moderate potential ecological risk in partial sea-area of Zhujiang Estuary with the parameter E ir of 51.20.


The invention discloses a diagnosis method and system for the leakage fault of oil cylinders. The diagnosis method for the leakage fault of the oil cylinders comprises the steps that big arm length information and big arm angle information generated when a main machine works under various working conditions are sensed through a length and angle sensor; according to the big arm length information and the big arm angle information generated under the working conditions, big arm length information change rules and big arm angle information change rules corresponding to the working conditions are established; when the big arm length information sensed by the length and angle sensor does not accord with the big arm length information change rules, it is determined that the telescopic oil cylinder has the leakage fault, and/or when the big arm angle information sensed by the length and angle sensor does not accord with the big arm angle information change rules, it is determined that the derricking oil cylinder has the leakage fault. According to the diagnosis method and system for the leakage fault of the oil cylinders, extra hardware cost is avoided, the result is reliable, and accuracy is high.


Calls for the democratization of the Canadian Senate began before the ink was dry on the British North America Act, and have intensified as Canada's democratic standards have evolved. In recent decades, a multitude of commissions and committees have recommended every conceivable means of selecting Senators. The current federal government has introduced legislation "to provide for consultations with electors on their preferences for appointments to the Senate," and to limit Senator's terms of office to eight years. This article examines some recent proposals and suggests that the best means of selecting Senators would be by election using the Single Transferable Vote.


A method and device for measuring at least one object by Doppler effect, whereby the light which is diffused by an object (12) which is illuminated by a laser layer (14) is detected by means (22) for forming an image and transmitted to a CCD camera (24) by spectral filtering means (30) which are substantially attuned to the laser illumination frequency, whereby means are provided to generate reference monochromatic luminous flux having frequencies which are different from the laser illumination frequency due to fixed known variations, and the reference luminance flux is introduced into the optical means (22) for forming an image for transmission to the CCD camera (24). The invention is used to measure the velocity of liquid flows and to measure the velocity of moving solid bodies.


The increasing anthropogenic impact on landscapes globally has increased interest in assessing landscape naturalness. This study assessed the changes in land cover in Lithuania and identified the most common reasons for land-use change. Coordination of Environment Information (CORINE) land-cover data were used to assess the changes in land cover naturalness in Lithuania from 1995 to 2018. Land-cover types were ranked according to the hemeroby index, ranging from natural landscape with no human impact to anthropogenic landscapes with excessively strong human impact. Land use trends in Lithuania were related to agricultural and forestry activities. During the analysed period, these areas decreased by as much as 11.19%, and the number of areas with a particularly strong impact from human activities also decreased. Land cover naturalness did increase in areas less suitable for agriculture. The impact of human activities on the naturalness of the landscape needs to be explored in detail at the local level, which should be followed by appropriate spatial-planning decisions to ensure ecological balance through as many sustainable solutions as possible, especially with the European Commission adoption the European Green Deal.


The design of current Soviet warships seems to give top priority to the same characteristics — firepower and mobility — that the United States did in World War II. Modern U.S. warship designs, however, stress electronics and habitability and give the lowest priority to those characteristics the Soviets rate highest: weapons and propulsion. We and they may both be right. A strategist/statesman of Admiral Gorshkov's stature ought to know what he wants of his ships — Just as we ought to know what we want of ours.


Regarded as one of the founders of postmodern dance, David Gordon is a revolutionary choreographer, theater director, and performer. Gordon often blurs the perceived boundaries between theater, dance, and performance art by utilizing a subversive approach to art making, and his ability to produce and maintain ambiguity is at the heart of his work. Through an examination of interviews, scholarly analysis, performance reviews, and Gordon's repertory, this research highlights the inventive methodologies Gordon employs in order to generate ambiguity within various performative contexts. The primary site of inquiry for investigating these methodologies is Gordon's Dancing Henry Five (2011). This dance demonstrates three of Gordon's primary techniques for producing ambiguity as a choreographer: exploring all sides of movement material and props in order to redefine their utilities and meanings; reframing relationships between various production elements to reveal a banquet of possible interpretations; and employing a neutral performance quality of the dancers to allow the perception of the content to remain mutable. These groundbreaking methods for producing and maintaining ambiguity are central to Gordon's iconoclastic repertory, and they allow for his work to breathe anew with each


Under the influence of the traditional classroom teaching mode, the current economic professional courses have some problems that they want to avoid but cannot avoid. These bad problems are vey unfavorable to the growth and development of students. Based on this, the economic law majors of various institutions should pay attention to the ability of social practice in the new era society, and should abandon the inadequacies of traditional teaching and comprehensively reform the classroom teaching mode. Students should pay attention to cultivating students' quality education in the major of economic law. This article explores the methods of classroom reform in economic law.


This article presents a method for capturing bibliographic information from collections of Web OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue) and online bibliographic databases for library cataloguing. The bibliographic record for document(s) to be acquired or catalogued are searched in the Web OPAC or online bibliographic databases that provides machine-readable or tagged records. If an identical bibliographic record is found against the search query, those record(s) are downloaded in a file for local use. The records copied in the file are transferred to local machine's appropriate directory/path, as an input file for data import. The LibSys 5 (Release 5.0) Library Automation Software, module for bibliographic data import was executed, and the cataloguing data for document(s) has been captured. By adopting this method, libraries can create error free, standardized catalogue also saves the time of cataloguer, and reduces the costs.


Since I have not been able to read anything for about twenty-five years, owing to poor eyesight, it might be rather impudent of me to give my ideas of modern verse, or to criticize those of my fellow poets who are exploring the possibilities of new verse forms. As an old man I cannot explore; I must content myself with applauding the explorers.


Traditionally, infrastructure management has been the realm of the technocrats. This has led to the assessment of infrastructure systems as standalone technical entities as opposed to a interdependent homologous systems comprising technical, social, environmental, economic and political influences.


A generalised registration-randomisation package, known as paradigm, has been developed by the Netherlands Cancer Institute and the MRC Cancer Trials Office initiated in association with the EORTC within the EuroCODE project and partially funded by the European Community. This randomisation software takes into account requirements of four major data centres in Belgium, France, The Netherlands and the UK and is suitable for use at further European Clinical Trial data centres to enable remote entry of patients into trials. The system became operational at the start of 1994, and is now in use at three hospitals and data centres.


Pm3m-Fm3m transformations of solid solutions of CsCl with KCl and CsBr exhibit different behaviours. With increasing percentages of KCl, the NaCl structure gets stabilized in the CsCl+KCl system. In the CsCl+CsBr system, the transformation temperature increases with % CsBr and ΔH essentially remains constant. Both these behaviours can be satisfactorily explained in terms of the Born treatment of ionic solids. The Pm3m-Fm3m transformation retains its first-order characteristics in the CsCl+KCl system, but higher-order components seem to be present in the CsCl+CsBr system. Incorporation of vacancies do not affect the transformation of CsCl markedly.


Review(s) of: Karen Genoff: The mother lode, by BMG Art, Adelaide, 27 March - 18 April 2009; Spill, the insistent body Caitlin Yardley, by Heathcote Museum and Gallery, WA, 6 March - Sunday 12 April 2009.


The paper deals with the automatic rationing for public distribution system. Nowadays most of the people having a ration card to buy the materials from the ration shops. They will issue the materials through weighting system with the help of humans.  But  in  this  system  having two draw backs, first one is weight of the material may be inaccurate due to human mistakes and secondly, if not buy the materials at the end of the month, they will sale to others without any intimation to the government and customers. To overcome this problem RFID technology is proposed instead of ration cards. The Smart Rationing Materials Distribution is based on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). To get the materials in ration shops, customer needs to show the RFID tag into the RFID reader, which will ask for a valid password. After authentication the controller check the customer codes and details of amounts in the card and the system will show the amount details. Then the customer needs to enter the required materials using a keyboard, if authenticated then it will deliver the materials. After receiving materials controller send the information to government office and customer through GSM technology. This system provides the materials automatically without the help of humans.


Objective Glutamate neurotoxicity resulting in neuronal demage has been related from hypoxia or ischemia. Little is known about the underlying mechanism. We now report the effects of glutamate in vary concentrations in cultured PC12 cells. Methods By MTT and ending-lebelling of DNA breaks (TDT) techniques. The rates of necrosis and apoptosis in cultured PC12 cells induced by GT were detected. Results PC12 cell necrosis mainly occurred in high GT concentration (GT40μmol/L). As in prolonged exposure in low GT concentration (GT30μmol/L), apoptosis in PC12 cell was induced. Conclusion This indicated that different mechanism existed between in the high and low GT concentration.


This paper studies the option pricing problem in a class of models in which dividend yields follow a time-homogeneous diffusion. Within this framework, we develop a new approach for valuing options based on the use of a regularized Fourier transform. We derive a pricing formula for European options which gives the option price in the form of an inverse Fourier transform and propose two methods for numerically implementing this formula. As an application of this pricing approach, we introduce the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and the square-root dividend yield models in which we explicitly solve the pricing problem for European options. Finally we highlight the main effects of a stochastic dividend yield on option prices.


Spinal osteosynthesis instrumentation comprising at least one elongate vertebral plate (1, 2), at least one bone screw (7, 8) including a threaded shank (8, 9) and an opposite threaded end portion (16, 17) sized to be inserted through a longitudinal oblong opening (3) in the plate (1, 2), and means for locking the screw (7, 8) relative to the plate in a particular longitudinal position and at a particular angular orientation. The instrumentation comprises at least one shoe (22, 23) mounted to slide on slides (24, 25) formed on one face of the plate (1, 2) and being positively retained thereon. Each shoe (22, 23) has an opening (28, 29) through which passes the threaded end portion (16, 17) of the screw (7, 8). The threaded end portion (16, 17) is adapted to receive a locking nut (21). Each shoe (22, 23) has a spherical bearing surface (31, 32) corresponding to a spherical bearing surface of the locking nut (21) for locking the screw (7, 8) in the chosen angular orientation relative to the plate (1, 2). A large range of angular movement of the screw (7, 8) is thereby allowed relative to the plate (1, 2). The screw is fixed in a particular longitudinal position and at a particular angular orientation by tightening the nut (21) against the shoe (22, 23).