The interaction of high-frequency and low-frequency waves in magnetized plasmas is considered. The narrowness of high-frequency wave packets makes possible a concise Hamiltonian description of the problem. Some concrete problems are studied with the help of the derived equations. The competitive role of scattering in self-consistent density and magnetic-field fluctuation are considered. The self-focusing and solitons of potential plasma waves and magnetohydrodynamic waves are studied.


Treatment planning for high precision radiotherapy of cancer patients requires accurate delineation of both target volumes and critical structures from the planning CTimage. Manual contouring is tedious and suffers from large inter‐ and intra‐rater variability. Tools for automated segmentation are thus needed. Atlas‐based approaches have become popular for automatic medical image segmentation due to its general applicability and advancements in deformable image registration techniques. In this talk, we present our research on developing fully automated, atlas‐based methods for segmenting organs at risk from CTimages in radiotherapy planning. One particular atlas registration approach that we developed employs a hierarchical scheme and makes use of object shape information in the atlas to improve the registration efficiency and robustness while still being able to account for large inter‐subject shape differences. Together with a multi‐atlas fusion strategy, accurate segmentation results can be obtained for images of different anatomical sites. To make multi‐atlas segmentation computationally feasible, we also take advantage of recent advancements in GPU technology and have implemented our method on NVIDIA GPU cards. The GPU acceleration allows the auto‐segmentation of a typical CTimage with 10 atlases to be computed within a time‐frame of several minutes. After presenting validation results, we conclude the talk with discussions about future research directions. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the basic principle and workflow of atlas‐based image segmentation 2. Understand how atlas‐based image segmentation technology can help improve consistency and efficiency in structure contouring for treatment planning 3. Understand the promises and limitations of existing technology, as well as future research directions


In this study, we use the Gauss–Kronrod quadrature rule with Brent's method to numerically calculate the chemical potentials of ideal quantum gases in 1, 2, and 3-dimensional spaces as functions of absolute temperature. Our numerical results are validated by the analytical formulae in [Cowan, B. 2019, Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 197 (5-6), 412-44]. In vice versa, we can evaluate the applicability of these proposed formulae in low- and high-temperature regimes. The results in this work are initiated for the ongoing project to analytical and numerical calculations of other thermodynamic quantities of ideal quantum gases in 1, 2, and 3-dimensional spaces such as energy, heat capacity, and entropy.


The effect of blast-induced seism on a structure can be considered as a process of energy transferred and transformed,it relates to the dynamic response of a structure.Based on structural dynamics theory,the response characteristics of a structure to the different energy components with different frequencies of blasting vibration were studied with a typical example.The results showed that the amplification effect of the structure to energy contents with different frequencies was obviously selective.Further,discussion about the safety criterion considering the effect of frequency showed that when the safety criterion for blasting vibration is worked out,it is necessary to consider both characteristics of blast-induced seism and dynamic response characteristics of a structure,and the energy component of blasting vibration which has the same frequency as the natural frequency of the structure must be paid more attention to.


Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is associated with a reasonable risk of spinal ischemia. As cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) is correlated with the rate of paraplegia, a non‐invasive method to estimate CSFP could help to estimate the patient's individual risk and guide the therapeutic approach. The quantification of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) using ocular sonography (OS) could be a suitable technique and was examined in the present study.


Capparis ovata Desf. is one of the oldest known medicinal plants. It grown as wild in the arid, stony and poor soils of Diyarbakir region in Turkey. The experiments were conducted in open field conditions at University of Dicle, Faculty of Agriculture experiment area. The effect of applications GA3, H2SO4 and different sandpaper on germination percentage of seed were studied and, the significant differences were found in terms of germination percentage of seed influenced by application. The maximum germination percentage (55%) was obtained in the seeds scarified by P320A sandpaper thickness with GA3 solutions of 400 ppm for 2 hour.


The tendons are commonly cut in accidents. The ends can joined and stitched in the month after injury. Sometimes, however, the repairs fail or it is not realised that the tendon has been cut. The tendon cannot be simply repaired after a time because (i) the ends have retracted apart and shortened, (ii) the tendons become stuck to the sheath and (iii) the sheath narrows. If this occurs, you cannot bend the finger fully yourself (active flexion). This ability can only be recovered if the tendon is reconstructed.


[ Objective] To study on the anti-mutation effects of vegetables and fruits. [ Metnods] Two indices of the micronuclei frequency and rate of chromosome aberration in mice bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes( PCE) were used to explore the ability of four kinds of vegetables and fruits( hippophage rhamnoides,carrot,tomato and orange) to prevent and treat the mice's tumor induced by cyclophosphamide( CP). [ Result] The micronuclei frequency and rate of chromosome aberration significantly reduced in mice both injected with cyclophosphamide before or after gavage with four kinds of vegetables and fruits,as compared with those in the positive control group treated with cyclophosphamide only. Simultaneously,the result showed that hippophage rhamnoides may be the best among these four vegetables and fruits. [ Conclusion] The chromosome aberration induced by cyclophosphamide was inhibited significantly by consuming four kinds of vegetables and fruits,in particular, hippophage rhamnoides is the most significant.


Social security system shows obviously dual structure between city and countryside in China. Many social security items exclude rural inhabitants, the reason of which is because peasants have achieved security provided by land. In fact, with the development of rural economy in China, the function of land security has been weakening and has hindered the further development of rural economy.Therefore,it is the duty of government that China should promote rural social security construction based on the national financial power and the level of social economic development. In order to replace land security, government should construct and gradually improve rural social security system by way of serial system innovation.


Based on observations since the early days, associations between parts of the body and specific zang-fu organ systems have been described in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The gall-bladder (GB) and small intestine (SI) are two such organ systems which share intimate relation with the ear from the TCM perspective [1]. The meridians of these 2 organ systems are linked by the Sanjiao (SJ) meridian. The SJ system is a zang-fu organ which has no western medicine anatomical equivalent in namesake. Its meridian runs just behind the earlobe and its branches connect with those of the GB and SI meridians. Another organ system which has a close relationship to the ear is the kidney zang organ [2]. According to TCM, the kidney zang organ opens into the ear and kidney disorders can manifest in the ear. Perhaps, this is not surprising to most western doctors as common features between the ear & kidney are observed in western medicine. For example, medications such as the amino glycosides have toxic side effects, which specifically target the inner ear and kidney. Some congenital malformations of the ear such as the branchio-otorenal syndrome, also affect the kidney.


These are ERDAS Imagine format raster files modified from Washington State DNR digital aerial orthophotos for the coastal area encompassed by the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary. The original orthophoto files were cropped and resampled into a 1 meter pixel series (51 .img raster files for aerial1-aerial51) with an aerial coverage of about 12,000 x 12,000 meters.


We describe the techniques currently used to produce linear polarization sensitive radio images at milliarcsecond resolution, and briefly discuss what will be possible in the next few years.


From the selection of bridge address,the natural changes of river beds,the human factors,the paper analyzes the reasons for the water damage of bridges,sums up the preventive measures for newly-built bridges,explores the preventive strategies for old bridge foundation,and points out the prevention-oriented and comprehensive treatment should be adhered,the construction management be improved and safe operation of bridges be ensured.


According to the characteristic of the airborne communication system,simulation system is modeled,and correspond simulation algorithm is designed.Combined with 1553B bus protocol and database technology,a conveniently operated,easily maintained,readily extended and powerful functioned Simulation and Training System is realized,which provides vivid virtual environment for operations of the system.At the same time,the application provides airborne bus system research work with a reliable experiment platform.


The overall problem with the use of photovoltaic (PV) system is the high cost of solar cells. This makes it attractive to concentrate irradiation on the PV module. With increased light concentration, there will be a demand for increased cooling of the PV cells in order to lower the working temperature. Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) solar systems are less expensive devices than the two separate units which can simultaneously provide electricity and heat with higher conversion rates of the absorbed solar radiation than standard PV modules. In this paper, an investigation of a concentrating photovoltaic/thermal air collector realized at Renewable Research unit (UREAR Ghardaïa) in the south of Algeria is presented. The experimental study includes a comparison between the performance of the proposed CPVT hybrid system and those of separate PV and water heater panels.


This is the Final Report of the research financed by and prepared for the use of the European Commission, Directorate-General Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, as part of the Promoting protection of the right to housing Homelessness prevention in the context of evictions pilot project.


ABSTRACT A voluminous empirical literature has examined scale economies in public organisations, particularly in local government. By contrast, little effort has been directed at the empirical investigation of economies of scale in higher education administration, including in Australian universities. To address this gap in the empirical literature, this paper examines administrative scale economies and task density in Australian public universities for the period 2009/10–2018/19 using a pooled data framework. We find that there are administrative scale economies in Australian universities and that task density is a key determinant of administrative intensity. In addition, regional universities exhibit a higher level of administrative intensity than their metropolitan counterparts. We conclude by canvassing some of the main public policy implications of our findings.


Toxicologists are often confronted with the abuse of multiple drugs and are obliged to decide which compound may have been the cause of death. We report on a 21-year-old man (182 cm, 84 kg), who was found unconscious in his bed. Beside him the police found several controlled substances, among them dried opium poppy pods containing thebaine, codeine and morphine, a clear liquid with the designer benzodiazepines flualprazolam and clonazolam, and a white powder with the imprint SGT 25, instead of SGT-78 (CUMYL-4CN-BINACA). These compounds were also found in the urine sample following a non-targeted GC-MS and a targeted LC-MS-MS screening approach. Subsequently, these compounds were quantified in whole femoral blood and scalp hair. Based on the concentrations measured in femoral blood in particular, we assume that the deceased had taken a lethal dose of the designer benzodiazepines flualprazolam (0.74 mg/L) and clonazolam (2.08 mg/L), an extremely high dose of the opiates thebaine (0.81 mg/L), codeine (0.23 µg/mL) and morphine (0.13 µg/mL) and a high dose of the synthetic cannabinoid CUMYL-4CN-BINACA (0.01 mg/L). Besides postmortem concentrations, we also present electron impact (EI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra of compounds found in the vicinity of the decedent, namely the tryptamines 4-HO-MIPT, 4-HO-MET and 4-ACO-DET, the amphetamines 3-FEA and 2-FMA, and the arylcyclohexylamines O-PCE, 3-MeO-PCP and 3-MeO-PCE.


A physically rigorous computational algorithm is developed and applied to calculate sub-continuum thermal transport in structures containing semiconductor-gas interfaces. The solution is based on a finite volume discretization of the Boltzmann equation for gas molecules (in the gas phase) and phonons (in the semiconductor). A partial equilibrium is assumed between gas molecules and phonons at the interface of the two media, and the degree of this equilibrium is determined by the accommodation coefficients of gas molecules and phonons on either side of the interface. Energy balance is imposed to obtain a value of the interface temperature. The problem of heat transfer between two parallel plates is investigated. A range of transport regimes is studied, varying from ballistic phonon transport and free molecular flow to continuum heat transfer in both gas and solid. In particular, the thermal interface resistance (or temperature slip) at a gas-solid interface is extracted in the mesoscopic regime where a solution of the Boltzmann equation is necessary. This modeling approach is expected to find applications in the study of heat conduction through microparticle beds, gas flows in microchannel heat sinks and in determining gas gap conductance in thermal interface materials.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Saliency detection aims at automatically estimating visually salient object regions in an image, saliency segmentation and foreground extraction are two important applications of this. However, it is a challenge for underwater images to estimate salient regions by conventional saliency detection methods because of the low-contrast and poor quality. In this paper, we address this problem by combining the detected object regions rather than the whole image, where Fish Localization is used for proposing candidate regions. We extensively evaluated our method on 780 underwater images, and experimental results show that the performances of saliency detection and segmentation are improved. These saliency segmentation masks are further used to extract the foreground objects of an image. It is well proved that our approach is fast and efficient for underwater images which are low-contrast, poor quality and with multiple salient objects.


We present a semi-discrete discontinuous subgrid eddy finite element method with continuous in time for the Boussinesq equation. The stability result is obtained. Optimal continuous in time error estimate of the velocity and temperature is derived.


We propose a physical model based on disordered (a hole punched inside a material) monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) to demonstrate a large‐gap quantum valley Hall insulator. We find an emergence of bound states lying inside the bulk gap of the TMDs. They are strongly affected by spin–valley coupling, rest‐ and kinetic‐mass terms and the hole size. In addition, in the whole range of the hole size, at least two in‐gap bound states with opposite angular momentum, circulating around the edge of the hole, exist.Their topological insulator (TI) feature is analyzed by the Chern number, characterized by spacial distribution of their probabilities and confirmed by energy dispersion curves (energy vs. angular momentum). It not only sheds light on overcoming low‐temperature operating limitation of existing narrow‐gap TIs, but also opens an opportunity to realize valley‐ and spin‐qubits. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The basic property of lead and its composition and the main performance of some kinds of lead dampers are summarized. According to the test results of lead damper, the restoring force model is set up and its engineering applications in the field of isolation and energy dissipation of structure are reviewed. Moreover the problems that should be studied in the future are pointed out.


OBJECTIVE
The interrelation of subjective concepts to quality of life has been mainly separately explored so far.

METHODS
Beside quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) of 117 schizophrenic inpatients coping (FKV-LIS), locus of control (KKG), subjective well-being under medication (SWN-K), patient satisfaction (ZUF-8), caregiver burden (FBA) as well as sociodemographic and disease-related variables (German Basic Documentation System, BADO) were analysed using Pearsonian correlation and regression analyses.

RESULTS
Predictors of quality of life were physical well-being, social and occupational integration, active problem-focused coping, less minimization of illness, voluntary admission to hospital, high satisfaction with treatment and life, being aware of positive changes as a consequence of illness and low-rated caregiver burden. In contrast, locus of control, sociodemographic and disease-related variables as well as medication (conventional or atypical antipsychotics) had no significant influence.

CONCLUSIONS
Active problem-focused coping, social and occupational integration and physical well-being play an important role for schizophrenic patients' quality of life and should be considered in treatment regimens.


Background: Our indicated Prevention program for preschool children with Externalizing Problem behavior (PEP) demonstrated improved parenting and child problem behavior in a randomized controlled efficacy trial and in a study with an effectiveness design. The aim of the present analysis of data from the randomized controlled trial was to identify the mediating processes that account for these positive treatment effects. We hypothesized that a decrease in negative parenting and increases in positive parenting and parental warmth would mediate the relationship between treatment and child improvement. Method: Parents of 155 children were randomly assigned to the PEP intervention group (n = 91) or a nontreated control group (n = 64). Parents rated their child's problem behavior and their own parenting practices before and after PEP training. Parental warmth was assessed during standardized play situations. Four mediation models were tested using structural equation modeling. Trial registration number ISRCTN12686222; http://www.controlled-trials.com/isrctn/pf/12686222. Results: Changes in child externalizing problem behavior were most strongly mediated by reductions of negative parenting in difficult parenting situations. Increases in positive parenting also served as a mediator. Changes in parental warmth, parents' feeling of self-efficacy, and parental mental health did not play a mediating role in the association between PEP treatment and child behavior. Conclusions: In our program, the most important component was to teach parents how to reduce dysfunctional parenting strategies in conflict situations. Keywords: Parenting, conduct problems, randomized trial, mediator.


Objective To investigate the clinical value of immature reticulocyte fraction in evaluating the recov-ery of bone marrow function after marrow transplantation.Methods To compare the count number and duration of Ret,IRF,HFR,WBC,ANC and PLT from 10 cases of patients after bone marrow transplantation by ADVIA 120 automatic blood analyzer.Results The median duration of erythropoietic recovery after marrow transplantation showed 15 days for Ret%,9 days for IRF,8 days for HFR,16.5 days for WBC,13 days for ANC and 20 days for PLT respectively.Conclusions IRF and HFR are the more sensitive and useful clinical parameters for evaluating erythropoietic recovery after marrow translation.


The color expression and application in modern print media need to meet both RGB CMYK color spaces, and keep the color reproduction color consistency. Therefor, the key is to build a mathematical manipulation between RGB and CMYK which is based on CIELAB. This paper is based on the analysis of RGB and CMYK color models, studies the method on color rendering between RGB and CMYK which is based on Nengebauer equation, N-N net and black-box method. The method has solved several technical problems in color management, and obtained good results in practical applications.


Abstract We synthesized new imidazolium‐based tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids (TAAILs) with the weakly coordinating tetrakis(pentafluoroethyl)gallate anion, [Ga(C2F5)4]−. Phenyl and phenyl derivatives (2‐Me, 4‐OMe, 2,4‐F) were combined with varying alkyl chain lengths at the imidazolium core leading to TAAILs, which were investigated with regard to their viscosity, conductivity, and electrochemical window and compared to EMIM and BMIM standard cations. Remarkable low viscosities of 29 cP at 25 °C for [BMIM][Ga(C2F5)4] were achieved. However, the EMIM and BMIM gallates show electrochemical instability, releasing pentafluoroethane at a voltage of 1.5 V. The 2‐Me‐substituted gallate‐TAAILs slowly decompose over several weeks, whereas all other gallate‐TAAILs showed no decomposition at all. With electrochemical windows of up to 5.15 V and low viscosities in a range of 66–162 cP, the gallate‐TAAILs are promising candidates as electrolytes in electrochemical applications.


Finding faces, locating important facial features and model fitting are required in a range of applications including model based multimedia. Accurate fitting of lip, eye and eyebrow regions is essential where a facial model is to be fitted. We propose improved feature extraction algorithms for lips, eyes and eyebrows using a combination of methods including balloon colour snakes, adaptive colour thresholding, deformable templates, lighting balancing, shadow removal and k-means clustering. Results from applying our algorithm to a large database of facial images (XM2VTS) and synthetic facial animation are presented. These demonstrate the success of our extraction system and its potential usefulness for visual media production.


It analyzed the brand image in medicine packaging.Based on packaging problems in medicine brand publicity,it proposed a brand strategy to fully utilize brand publicity through medicine packaging.Firstly,based on good therapeutic effect,patients' needs are also showed by visual designing of medicine brand;secondly,brand image is much elevated by products catalogue designing of medicine packaging;lastly,by designing brand commitments of the medicine company to patients and psychological needs of the patients are satisfied.Based on these designing,brand loyalty of patients is achieved,and market position of the medicine brand is maintained.


The Government of Sudan hastened to handle refugees when a mass influx of Tigrayan refugees swarmed the Ethiopian-Sudanese border in late 2020. Political rivalry between the TPLF (Tigray People's Liberation Front) and the coalition led by Ethiopian PM Abiy Ahmed's newly formed political coalition Prosperity Party/Paartii Badhaadhiina reached an all-time high when Federal Government decided to halt the financial aid planned for Tigray and formally reject regional election results held by Tigray earlier in September 2020; PM Abiy Ahmed condemned it as an illegal election carried out without Federal Government's approval. In countermeasure, TPLF stormed the Ethiopian Defense Force regional base headquartered in Tigray capital, Mekelle, An action that provoked PM Abiy Ahmed's intentions to crush the TPLF once and for all. The military coalition consisted of Ethiopian Defense Force, Amhara Milita the Liyu Hayl, and Eritrean forces attacked Tigray from two consecutive fronts, forcing the civilians to flee their homes west into the Ethiopian-Sudanese border, begging for asylum from the Sudanese Government. This study aims to answer the roles and responsibilities carried out by the Sudanese Government in handling the Ethiopian refugees sheltered in the states of Kassala, Gedaref, and Blue Nile during the Tigray crisis. Using Kayongo-Male's African Refugee Migration research model, the authors find the eagerness shown by the Sudanese Government to handle the Ethiopian refugees, the difficulties of rehabilitating the infrastructure, and the passive role of the African Union in mediating the conflict between the TPLF and Federal Ethiopian Government.


Background and Purpose: Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a valuable species native to North America and today widely planted throughout the world for biomass production. In Hungary, where Robinia has great importance in the forest management, the clones have been selected for plantations on good, medium and poor quality sites. To conserve the identity, superior clones are vegetatively propagated by root cuttings. At times the collection of root cuttings can cause uncertainty for clonal identity because of the overlap of roots from neighboring plants. This can occur especially when the repository is damaged from severe environmental accidents and the planting layout has been lost. The aim of this study has been to verify by molecular markers the diversity or identity of black locust clones by root cuttings harvested in a damaged trial. Materials and Methods: Root cuttings of 91 clones belonging to five cultivars were collected in a trial severely damaged by storms and flooding periods. The obtained plantlets were analyzed with nine microsatellite (SSR) markers and the genetic identity/diversity within and among the plants was tested using the software GenAlEx version 6. Results: Multilocus genotypes (MLG) and the Paetkau's assignation test (1985) revealed genetic variability among the samples: the analyzed plantlets were grouped in four classes instead of the five expected. In addition, 6 unique genotypes have been detected. Abstract 1 National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF), Via Guglielmo Marconi 2, I-05010 Porano, Italy 2 National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Forest Research Institute, Department of Tree Breeding, Várkerület 30/A, HU-9600 Sárvár, Hungary 3 National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Forest Research Institute, Department of Plantation Forestry, Farkassziget 3, HU-4150 Püspökladány, Hungary


Objective
To study the efficacy and complications of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with rivet system for reconstruction of joint capsule and external rotator muscles.

Methods
Data of 170 patients managed with THA of femoral neck fracture between January 2009 and January 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Hip fracture was the result of a fall and all were subcapital fractures. The fracture patterns were classified as Garden Ⅳ in 139 patients and Garden Ⅱ in 31 patients according to the degree of displacement. In all, 85 patients (37 males and 48 females; age between 61 and 84 years, mean 73 years) underwent joint capsule as well as external rotator muscle reconstruction by rivet system (study group). The remaining 85 patients (36 males and 49 females; age between 64-87 years, mean 74 years) were served as control group. The MOS 36-item short form health survey (SF-36), dislocation rate and complications were evaluated at postoperative follow-up.

Results
Duration of follow-up was 36 to 60 months (mean, 46 months). SF-36 questionnaire scale was (45.95±4.27)points in study group and (45.38±4.67)points in control group before operation (P>0.05), while (83.67±3.93)points in study group and (82.16±3.21)points in control group at postoperative follow-up (P 0.05).

Conclusions
Application of rivet system for reconstruction of joint capsule and external rotator muscles in THA of patients with femoral neck fracture can reduce incidence of prosthetic dislocation after operation. The operation is simple and will not increase the rate of perioperative complications.

Key words:
Arthroplasty, replacement, hip; Joint capsule; Extorsion muscle group


A high-chromium cast iron used for making wear-resistant parts is investigated. Optimum time-temperature parameters of heat treatment of castings are established that provide high wear resistance combined with sufficient toughness.


The Galileo Optical communications from an Earth-based Xmtr (GOPEX) demonstration is designed to exhibit deep-space optical communications using the Galileo spacecraft. The optical transmitter consists of a Nd:YAG laser coupled to a 24-in. telescope at the Table Mountain Observatory (TMO), and the receiver is the Solid-State Imaging camera on board Galileo. The objectives of the demonstration are to understand the issues involved in blind-pointing to a spacecraft in deep space, and to assess the quality of the optical uplink by comparing the experimental results with theoretical predictions. The demonstration is proposed for December 1992 during the second earth-flyby period of Galileo''s trajectory.


Many small to medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies are yet to adopt supply chain management practices. However, they have realised the strategic importance of supply chain management as a tool for optimum business performance. This paper examined the importance of service quality, dynamic capabilities and relationship continuity as mechanisms for the enhancement of supply chain performance in SMEs. Participants in the study included a total of 348 SME managers who were based in South Africa. Data were analysed using the Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 23.0). Spearman correlations were used to determine the strength of the relationship between constructs. Regression analysis was used to test for prediction between the dependant and independent constructs. The results of the correlation tests showed significant positive correlations between supply chain performance and two constructs; service quality and dynamic capabilities. Regression analysis showed that service quality and dynamic capabilities significantly predicted supply chain performance. A comparison of the betas showed that service quality exerts greater influence on supply chain performance than the other two constructs. The study is significant in that it facilitates improved diagnosis of supply chain performance challenges amongst SMEs in emerging economies.


Holistic nursing depends on a premise that nursing science is positioned at a nexus of biopsychosocial and political aspects of the person and of communities. The nursing focus on the totality of the person is grounded in our knowledge about basic human emotions, cognitions, behaviors, and the physiological as well as existential bases for these. One human phenomenon with broad implications for nursing is crying or weeping (hereafter "crying"). This phenomenon occurs in a variety of situations, interactions, and environments. It is a behavior, a human response, and often it can be a human response to one's health. Crying is arguably a universal human experience. This phenomenon, however, is not universal in its mode of expression, cultural sanctions, gender expectations, motivations, and social contextual factors. Surprisingly, little knowledge has been systematically developed about crying. The dearth of published nursing knowledge about such a basic human phenomenon includes a lack of theoretical development. A spontaneous behavior is difficult to research; and it seems unethical to "make" study participants cry in an actual social context. Moreover, laboratory attempts to induce tears often have used artificial means, making it difficult to make comparisons and to generalize. One approach to begin theory development for a broad topic, such as crying, is concept development. In this issue, there are three articles that reflect in-depth analyses of several concepts or constructs related to crying, from a nursing perspective. I believe that these articles are of value for those who interface with persons in a wide variety of social, health-related contexts. Because the phenomenon of crying is explored across many contexts it can be viewed from interdisciplinary perspectives. Nonetheless, it makes sense that nurses, who witness crying in myriad situations in the course of practice, should take on exploration and theorizing about human crying. A holistic perspective includes nurse– patient interactions. Crying is a potential mode of communication for both parties, and crying also might be a shared experience between nurse and patients and families. To explore crying as a basic human experience, a group of colleagues in doctoral study began with the phenomenon of crying, and each chose a concept relevant to it from a nursing perspective. After developing these concepts, they returned to the phenomenon to see what insights were gained in the process. Three concepts were developed as follows: cryingthat-heals, professional vulnerability, and manliness. The articles included here are the result of this conceptual development as well as dialogue the authors carried out in a seminar. The articles concern each of three concepts related to crying, using or adapting each to concept development strategies available in nursing science. These strategies include concept evaluation, dimensional analysis, and Bourdieusian constructivist analysis. Each of these articles provides a context and a lens through which to view aspects of human crying. In a basic exploration of research about cryingthat-heals, Griffith, Hall, and Fields assess literature from a search of peer-reviewed journals across disciplines for commonly held beliefs about crying by providers and scientists. These authors also discuss the relevant research about crying and health, much of which exposed surprising paradoxes between beliefs and empirical findings. In the realm of gender expectations about crying is another relevant concept, manliness. Where did the expectations come from that limit the acceptability of crying in males (especially in the Western world)? Carlson and Hall make a historical analysis framed in Bourdieu's explanation of the habitus, a nexus between the structural and the personal that expands the metaparadigmatic idea of person in the


A novel fuel atomization device (Nanomiser™) was evaluated under laboratory conditions with respect to its ability to reduce SI engine cold-start hydrocarbon emissions. First, comparisons between the level of atomization using the conventional, pintle-type fuel injector and the novel atomizer were carried out using flow visualization in a spray chamber and particle size distribution. The novel atomizer is capable of producing sub-micron fuel droplets, which form an ultra-fine mist with outstanding non-wetting characteristics. To capitalize on these atomization characteristics, this device was compared to a conventional fuel injector in a small, two-cylinder, SI engine under a number of operating conditions. Results show a slightly enhanced combustion quality and lean limit under warm operating conditions and a dramatic reduction in unburned HC emission under cold operating conditions, with cold emissions with the Nanomiser™ matching those with a conventional injector under fully warm conditions.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


Objective To explore the protective effects of tanshinone(Tan) Ⅱ A on myocardial fibrosis.Methods Models of myocardial fibrosis were established in 60 SD rats induced by the abdominal aorta constriction preparation,and 24 rats of which were survived and randomly divided into sham operation group,model group and Tan Ⅱ A group(20 mg/(kg·d)),with 8 rats in each group.The models were successfully established 4 weeks after operation.The heart mass index,histopathological changes,myocardial hydroxyproline content and myocardial ransforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 expression were measured after four weeks of Tan Ⅱ A treatment.Results The heart mass index,myocardial hydroxyproline content and myocardial TGF-β1 level were obviously higher in model group than those in sham operation group and Tan Ⅱ A group(P0.01).Conclusion Tan Ⅱ A can inhibit cardiac hypertrophy and attenuate myocardial fibrosis,which may be associated with the downregulation of the expression of TGF-β1.


Activity recognition (AR) systems for older adults are common in residential health care including hospitals or nursing homes; therefore, numerous solutions and studies presented to improve the performance of the AR systems. Yet, delivering sufficiently robust AR systems from sensor data recorded is a challenging task. AR in a smart environment utilizes large amounts of sensor data to derive effective features from the data to track the activity daily living. This paper maximizes the performance of AR system from using the convolutional neural network (CNN). Here, it analyzes signals from the network sensors distributed in different places in two clinical rooms at the Elizabeth hospital, such as W2ISP and RFID sensors. The proposed approach recognized the daily activities that consider a key to falling cases for older adults at a hospital or a nursing health house. A deep activity CNNets is used to train the effective features of daily activities sensors data then used for recognizing the highest falling risk activities in testing data. This approach used existing data of fourteen healthy older volunteers (ten females and four males) and then compared to other proposed approaches that used the same dataset. The experimental results show that this approach is superior to others. It achieved (96.37±3.63%) in the first clinic room and (98.37±1.63%) in the second clinic room. As the result, this experiment concludes that deep learning methodology is effectively assessing fall risk based on wearable sensors.


Address for correspondence* Hiren Parmar Department of Surgery,Smt N.H.L.Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad,India. Email :firstname.lastname@example.com e ISSN: 2277-7253 © 2012 Asian J Med Res operative complications (6) to assess complains in follow-up and study endoscopic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was the prospective study consist of 50 cases of peptic perforation studied at general hospital during the period of 2003 to 2005. After taking routine clinical history, all patients were undergone general examination and more emphasis on abdominal system examination. The haematological investigations were done in the form of haemoglobin, white blood cell count with differential count, blood group, renal function test, liver function test and blood sugar. The radiological investigations include plain X-ray chest PA view, plain X-ray abdomen AP viewerect and [5] ultrasonography of the whole abdomen . The treatment was mainly operative. After proper preoperative resuscitation, all patients were undergone different kind of surgeries according to his or her clinical history and peroprative finding in the form of site, size and number of the perforation and extent of peritonitis. Different kind of surgeries like simple closure, simple closure+omentopexy, simple closure+ligamentum teres plasty, simple closure +gastrojejunostomy with or without vagotomy, simple closure+vagotomy with or without pyloroplasty and laparoscopic closure of perforation. The results in the form of total symptom free, recurrence or mortality were noted. All patients were called for follow-up on th th th th th post-operative 7 day, 12th day, 20 day, 30 day, 60 day and 90 day. They were asked about presence of pain, appetite, bowel habit and ability to work. They were undergone upper th gastrointestinal endoscopy at 90 post-operative day. Department of Surgery,Smt N.H.L.Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad,India.


An analysis of a scanned copy of the 1599 Japanese edition of the Guia Do Pecador has been carried out in an attempt to ascertain whether certain sequences of characters were printed using single pieces of type. The results of the study strongly indicate that for all the sequences examined, there is no clear evidence that single pieces of type were used, and in many cases it is clear that the characters and ligatures were printed with separate type components. Introduction This paper reports on an analysis of the キリシタン版 text Guia Do Pecador (Guia de Pecadores in the original Spanish) written in 1567 by Luis de Granada (1504-1588), a Spanish Dominican priest. The Japanese translation was published in 1599, possibly in Nagasaki.[1] The analysis uses software developed by the author in 2001 during a period spent at the Research Institute for the Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA) at the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.[2] This software was developed to enable manipulation, extraction and measurement of scanned Chinese and Japanese texts. One feature of the キリシタン版 editions is the extensive use of ligatures with kana (しき, する, いふ, etc.). In the analysis described in this report, a number of pairs of adjacent characters or ligatures have been examined to ascertain whether they have been printed using single pieces of type (hidden ligatures.) The candidates for this examination have been identified by Prof. Toyoshima Masayuki at the RILCAA. Printed Character Identification and Analysis The analysis described in this report has been carried on a scan of a photocopy of the copy of the Guia Do Pecador in the Vatican library. The scan of each double page has resulted in an image of 4,945 by 3,504 pixels (approximately 300 DPI), which for the 美濃版 (minoban) paper size (approximately 28.2cm x 20.0cm per page) results in a resolution of 107 pixel/cm (0.093mm/pixel). The analysis has only used the first volume of the text, comprising 212 single pages, not including the index or table of contents. The second volume, with a further 160 pages of text, is available if additional analysis is to be conducted. In order to analyze the printed text, it is necessary both to identify each character, or group of characters when they have been connected using ligatures, and to establish the dimensions of each character or ligature group and its placement on the page. Traditional optical character recognition (OCR) techniques usually involve the development of a library of character shapes and components which can be used via a variety of pattern-matching techniques to identify the characters in the text. The use of such a system was not considered suitable as it would have required development of an extensive library to cover the cursive script and ligatures used in the text, and would not have delivered the measurements of the character locations. Accordingly it was decided to reverse the traditional OCR process and to attempt to identify the location and dimension of each character as an abstract printed object before carrying out any identification. The process used for each page of text was: a. remove all noise from the page by eliminating groups of pixels below a selected size threshold. Figure 1 shows the ligature れず before and after the removal of noise. Before noise removal After noise removal Figure 1: れず ligature with noise removal b. identify each element of the printing on the page. An element could be all or part of a kana, kanji or ligature group. This was done by analyzing the page image, identifying the outer edge of each group of contiguous pixels, and establishing the horizontal and vertical extremities of the element. c. apply a set of rules for combining a set of adjacent elements into a complete character or ligature group. The rules were based on the prior knowledge that characters are in columns, and have bounded dimensions, particularly in their horizontal aspects. The rules were applied iteratively until no further combinations occurred. Figure 2 shows a visualization of the initial identification of the components of the kanji 科, followed by the identification of the dimensions of the complete kanji. Figure 2: 科 components and overall dimensions The process described above correctly identified about 95% of the characters and ligature groups in the text. The main problems occurred at the page edges where artifacts interfered with the combination of elements. Also a number of pairs of small characters, such as 一ツ, were wrongly combined. As the identification of characters described above was not associated with the actual placement of the characters on the page, the next task was to identify the column by column sequence of characters. This was done by identifying the upper right-hand corner of each page, identifying the uppermost character in the first column, then navigating down each column in turn, compiling a catalogue of the character images encountered. At this stage a database of approximately 120,000 character images had been compiled, along with their dimensions and page locations. As we wished to be able to identify characters or sequences of characters, training software was developed which could learn the the characteristics of characters or ligature groups, then use those characteristics to identify occurrences of the characters or groups in the text. The highly varied sizes of the characters and groups meant that it was possible to carry out accurate identification using two basic characteristics: a. the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the character or ligature group; b. the degree of overlap between the printed portions of the target character and the character being examined. Possible Hidden Ligatures The initial application of the analysis system described above has been to attempt to determine whether certain common character sequences had been printed as "hidden ligatures", i.e. although the component characters are not joined, the sequence was nonetheless cast as a single piece of type. The character sequences identified for this analysis are shown in Table 1 and examples of their appearance in the printed text are in Figure 3. Sequence Occurrences


Parameter estimation is one of the most challenging steps while modelling a biological process, due to the inherent complexity of this type of processes and the difficulty in obtaining reliable experimental data. A common modelling practice in this area is to use a batch culture to estimate model parameters and then use these values to simulate and optimize a fed-batch culture. Most of the times this approach is inadequate, resulting in unreliable model predictions. In this study, we analyzed and reparameterized batch and fed-batch kinetic models taken from the literature. A sensitivity analysis applied to the original models showed that most estimated parameters were unidentifiable, unsensitive and not significant for the data of different temperatures. Applying HIPPO, an automatized iterative reparameterization procedure coded in MATLAB, we searched for model structures, for both batch and fed-batch cultures, with identifiable, sensitive and significant estimated parameters. After the analysis of the models, we found a single model structure, suitable for both type of cultures, with two estimable parameters that showed a good fit at all temperatures. Nevertheless, a residual analysis showed that the parameters are positively correlated, indicating that apparently the model needs another degree of freedom.


Purpose
This paper aims to derive and estimate a theory-based empirical specification that models a firm's choices of its international diversification (ID) and product diversification (PD) and how they evolve over time in response to shocks that alter the relative cost and relative profitability of ID and PD.

Design/methodology/approach
We use longitudinal data on U.S. manufacturing firms from 1984 to 1999, a period of intense shocks associated with rapid globalization, to estimate a dynamic panel data Tobit model that permits lags in a firm's adjustment to its optimal mix of ID and PD over time.

Findings
We find strong support for the theoretical framework underlying our empirical specifications and posited dynamics, with full adjustment estimated to require, on average, 1.5 years, a finding with implications for the time spacing of observations in empirical studies of ID and PD to avoid biased inferences. Among the globalization shocks during the time period studied, our results indicate that global competitive pressures and efficiency gains from global supply integration to be the more important factors driving U.S. firms toward greater ID relative to PD. Augmentation of firms' organizational (managerial) and physical capital resources is also found to be important for supporting an expansion of ID relative to PD. Technological resource augmentation is instead found to favor expansion of PD relative to ID.

Originality/value
Our empirical specification is novel. It readily incorporates an often ignored but necessary theoretical condition that defines a firm's optimal choices of its ID and PD, and it allows observed choices at a point in time to deviate from their optimal values.


Loyalty programs are relationship marketing tools extensively adopted across industries. Digital offers opportunities for their innovation and differentiation but customer preferences for print versus digital elements of loyalty programs - communication, point collection, rewards, deals - are unclear. This paper aims to explore customer medium preference as far as the above elements are concerned by means of a nationally representative online survey. Six clusters are identified - from «heavy digital» to «print only» to «multichannels» - revealing diversity among Italian consumers. Marketers should strive to capture their customers' medium preferences in order to tailor loyalty program elements to the audience characteristics. As far as a transition of loyalty programs to digital, the study shows that this is not suitable for any program element or for all customers.


The difference of nodularizer in phase morphology and service performance by three processes was introduced.The three processes include directly pressing magnesium into molten alloy stirring by nitrogen gas and no stirring from 5 t arc furnace and melting magnesium in the intermediate frequency furnace.The microstructure patterns were observed by scanning electron microscope, and composition of phases was measured by energy dispersive spectrometer method.X-ray diffraction method was used to determine the phase structure of the nodularizer.The results show that spheroidizing reaction time and violent degree of nodularizers are influenced by grain size and distribution uniformity of siliconizing magnesium phase; spheroidizing reaction degree can be mitigated and spheroidizing time be increased by using N2 stirring in pressing magnesium from arc furnace.


We report the first example of in situ polymer brush growth on the surface of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) in a one-pot near-infrared (NIR) light mediated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. In the process of polymerization, the surface growth of polymer brushes was realized through an efficient in situ ligand exchange between a photo-activated chain transfer agent (CTA) and the ligand groups on the surface of UCNPs. BF4− was found to be the most efficient ligand in comparison with oleic acid and pyridine. The 980 nm NIR-mediated RAFT polymerization exhibits good temporal control with a low dispersity (Mw/Mn < 1.30), and the thickness of the polymer brushes can be easily adjusted by changing the polymer molecular weight and light exposure time. Moreover, the growth of polymer brushes can proceed even if there is a barrier (e.g. chicken skin) outside the reactor due to the excellent penetration ability of the NIR light.


Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which cluster of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain sometimes signal abnormally. Neurons normally generate electrochemical impulses on other neurons, glands and muscles to produce human thoughts, feelings and actions. In epilepsy, the normal pattern of neuronal activity becomes disturbed, causing strange sensation, emotions and behavior, or sometimes convulsions, muscles spasms and loss of consciousness known as epileptic seizures. Emotions are distinct feelings or qualities of consciousness that reflects the personal significance of emotions arousing events. Psychologists have classified emotions in many different ways: one characteristic of all the classification is whether an emotion is positive or negative. Empathy can be put in the category of positive or negative emotion. Empathy means reacting to others feeling with an emotional response that is similar to the others feeling. There have been attempt to study personality in epileptic patients. The empathy level of epileptic patients is yet to be explored. The present study is an attempt to explore the empathy and Rorschach response pattern of epileptic patients. Rorschach Ink Blot Test and Rorschach Empathy Object Relationship Scale were used to test empathy. The samples were collected involving male epileptic patients and normal males of age range from 20-50 years. The epileptics were taken from Mental Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. Epileptics showed rigidity in perception, high somatic concerns and cold emotions and lower empathy levels than normal individuals. Introduction Empathy is a term coined in the early 20th century from Greek empatheia (em means in and pathos means feelings). Empathy is an essential part of emotions and is itself a specific emotion involving a feeling element of familiarity or connection and a bodily reaction of verbal or non-verbal communication. Empathy in general would mean feeling what the other person is feeling and being in Psychopathological Disorders Biopsychosocial Analysis Publish by Global Vision Publishing House Edited by


In order to investigate the possibility of rapid immobilization for simulated plutonium in Gd_2Zr_2O_7 host phase,synthesis experiments were conducted under high pressure and high temperature using the mixed powders of CeO_2,ZrO_2 and Gd_2O_3 as starting materials,and CeO_2 as a surrogate of PuO_2. With the help of XRD,EDS and Raman analysis,the results indicate that Gd_2Zr_(2-x)Ce_xO_7 with cubic pyrochlore structure was successfully prepared at a pressure of 5.2 GPa and a temperature of 1873 K with 30 min duration time.By means of SEM observation,crystals with grain-size less than 30 am had formed in the as-prepared sample.The rapid and efficient method may provide a novel technical approach for study on the immobilization of a wastes(especially plutonium) in the future.


In the dog the preganglionic 'B' fibers in the accelerator nerve that synapse with intracardiac adrenergic or cholinergic neurons are the vasomotor fibers of the coronaries. Stimulation of the coro...


This letter proposes a novel sag detection method for the line-interactive dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). The DVR with proposed detection method can compensate the voltage sag or interruption within 2-ms delay, which is faster than the existing delay time of 4 ms. The feasibility of proposed method was verified through computer simulations. The DVR with proposed detection method can effectively compensate the voltage sag or interruption for sensitive loads.


The aim of this study was to find out the influence of instructional model and gender on traditional game skill mastery at the Public Elementary School of Panyingkiran I, Majalengka. To this end, an experimental study design was employed involving 20 students, consisting of 10 male students and 10 female students. The traditional game skill mastery was measured using the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI). The obtained data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA. The results revealed that the traditional game skill mastery of students who attended lesson applying the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGFU) approach was different from that of students who attended lesson applying Team Games Tournament (TGT) teaching model. The instructional model and gender influenced the traditional game skill mastery. The traditional game skill mastery of male students who attended lesson applying the TGFU approach was different from that of students who attended lesson applying the TGT teaching model. The traditional game skill mastery of female students who attended lesson applying the TGFU approach was different from that of students who attended lesson applying the TGT teaching model. This finding showed that the instructional model influenced the traditional skill mastery. The TGT teaching model was suitable for male students, and the TGFU approach was suitable for female students.


Emergency Department admission of patients with white or green codes is considered potentially inappropriate and causes overcrowding of these facilities. The weakening in the role of the General Practitioner, inadequate cover, the fragmentary nature of programmes, and unfavourable socio-economic conditions are considered to be important elements. In this study we analysed the correlations between sociodemographic characteristics and colour code allocation in patients reporting to the Emergency Department of a Regional Hospital. Our data shows that self-referral vs. referral by GP, residence outside the Region, young age and distance from the Emergency Department are factors that influence the allocation of white and green codes, whereas the presence or lack of local services is not. It would therefore seem appropriate to investigate the reasons for admission in terms of the level of technical and organisational reliability of local services as well as users' preferences in relation to these facilities.


Self-supervised learning has shown superior performances over supervised methods on various vision benchmarks. The siamese network, which encourages embeddings to be invariant to distortions, is one of the most successful self-supervised visual representation learning approaches. Among all the augmentation methods, masking is the most general and straightforward method that has the potential to be applied to all kinds of input and requires the least amount of domain knowledge. However, masked siamese networks require particular inductive bias and practically only work well with Vision Transformers. This work empirically studies the problems behind masked siamese networks with ConvNets. We propose several empirical designs to overcome these problems gradually. Our method performs competitively on low-shot image classification and outperforms previous methods on object detection benchmarks. We discuss several remaining issues and hope this work can provide useful data points for future general-purpose self-supervised learning.


The development of a symbolic urban economy reinforces the importance of historic city centres as spaces of aesthetic and cultural consumption. Urban culturalization strategies adapt them to uses and perceptions that target specific classes of consumers, generating gentrification effects. Elaborating on a research on the Jardins Efémeros Festival in Viseu (Portugal), this article explores how its programmatic agenda and connection with local politics reconfigures the city centre by generating new balances and dissonances between the ideal of city proposed by the cultural intervention, the reframing of space for aesthetic and experiential consumption, and the local community's expectations and interests.


Thank you for downloading technical analysis and applications with matlab. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite books like this technical analysis and applications with matlab, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.


In Italy, road maintenance is managed in substantially different ways by the various Agencies that undertake it: the public Administration and road and motorway companies usually have Pavement Management Systems available that allow them to optimize profits from investments on the superstructures with well-aimed preventive measures; the Local Agencies and Authorities, on the other hand, with smaller, more minor road networks, mostly put their trust in curative and extemporary maintenance that is not always efficient and adequate for requirements. This paper describes a procedure to characterize and classify urban road network pavements, using a visual estimate method based on a concise index of deterioration, named Padua Index (PDI), that aims to rationalize road maintenance management for these Local Agencies and Authorities. The method is divided into a preliminary quantitative and qualitative characterization of the distresses, followed by a definition of deterioration levels for each surface characteristic and the entire pavement. The global index PDI is the parameter on the basis of which the quality of the superstructure is evaluated against predefined standards. The model formulated on this index is used for maintenance planning, correlating the functional characteristics of the pavements with those forecast, the available budget and repair cost. The survey method was applied to the urban road network of the city of Padua, to build the database on which the model of superstructure management was implemented.


Emerging deep learning approaches have facilitated image reconstruction at the expense of excessive model complexities and lack of theoretical guarantees of stability. In this paper, we propose a theoretically sound deep architecture, named reversible autoencoder (Rev-AE), from the perspective of well-developed frame theory for image reconstruction. Reversible blocks (Rev-Blocks) are developed as fundamental building blocks to realize nonlinear dimension invariant transform, up-sampling (with dimension growth) and down-sampling (with dimension reduction) in Rev-AE. The Rev-Block integrates CNN-based operators with the two-stream structure of lifting scheme to introduce nonlinearity and achieve reversibility. Therefore, Rev-AE only requires training and storage of encoder parameters. Furthermore, Rev-AE bridges existing nonlinear CNNs and well-established traditional signal processing tools to realize end-to-end optimized reversible networks with a guarantee of stability for image reconstruction for the first time. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that reversible blocks guarantee perfect reconstruction with derived frame bounds and are robust to noise perturbation under restricted energy propagation of noise. Moreover, we prove that Rev-AE achieves stable reconstruction with bounded projection angle under the presence of down-sampling and up-sampling. The stability and robustness of Rev-Blocks are also validated with numerical evaluations. Experimental results demonstrate that Rev-AE achieves comparable performance with halved parameters in comparison to recent leading methods (e.g., 3-D CNN based autoencoder and ISTA-Net$^+$) in the applications of image compression and compressive sensing.


This paper presents the NICT's participation (team ID: NICT) in the 5th Workshop on Asian Translation (WAT-2018) shared translation task, specifically Myanmar (Burmese) English task in both translation directions. We built state-of-the-art neural machine translation (NMT) as well as phrase-based statistical machine translation (PBSMT) systems for these tasks. Our NMT systems were trained with the Transformer architecture on the provided parallel data. Pre-ordering technology is adopted to both NMT and PBSMT. Our NMT systems rank the first in English-to-Myanmar and the second in Myanmar-to-English according to the official human evaluation.


Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) are effective techniques for solving the DVFS-enabled performance (P), energy (E), and temperature (T) optimized scheduling (PETOS) problem. There are several MOEA techniques proposed in the literature for general multi-objective optimization. For example, SPEA-II is efficient for solving the PETOS problem. Another technique is the NSGA-II algorithm that has been shown to generate very good solutions. This paper proposes a novel approach that, instead of using one particular optimization, uses a hybrid of these techniques. The goal is to come up with a scheme that will take the advantages of the strength of each baseline technique to obtain a more accurate Pareto-optimal front with higher accuracy and better quality of solutions. We design five such techniques, which include designing a niched fitness assignment strategy, combining populations from multiple MOEAs, and incorporating the problem knowledge into the conventional SPEA-II approach. By comparing these techniques using a well-known metric for MOEAs as well as a modified metric to estimate the quality of Pareto fronts, we show that the proposed approach is a better optimization technique for the PETOS problem.


A long latency period between an environmental trigger and the onset of subsequent disease is widely recognized in the etiology of certain cancers, yet this phenomenon is not generally considered in the etiology of other conditions such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, or osteopo-rosis. However, many lines of evidence, including epidemiologic data and data from extensive clinical and experimental studies, indicate that early life events play a powerful role in influencing later susceptibility to certain chronic diseases. An increased understanding of developmental plasticity (defined as the ability of an organism to develop in various ways, depending on the particular environment or setting) provides a conceptual basis for these observations. 1 Developmental plasticity requires stable modulation of gene expression, and this appears to be mediated, at least in part, by epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and histone modification. Thus, both the genome and the epigenome interactively influence the mature phenotype and determine sensitivity to later environmental factors and the subsequent risk of disease. In this review, we synthesize evidence from several disciplines to support the contention that environmental factors acting during development should be accorded greater weight in models of disease causation. The epidemiologic observations that smaller size or relative thinness at birth and during infancy is associated with increased rates of coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, adiposity, the metabolic syndrome, and osteoporosis in adult life 2-6 have been extensively replicated. Perinatal events appear to exert effects that are independent of environmental risk factors in adults 7,8 or may be amplified by other risk factors. 9 Slow growth in utero may be associated with increased allocation of nutrients to adipose tissue during development and may then result in accelerated weight gain during childhood, 10,11 which may contribute to a relatively greater risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a continuous relation between birth weight and future risk — not just for extreme weights but also for normal weights. 12 Prematurity itself, independent of size for gestational age, has been associated with insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in prepubertal children 13 that may track into young adulthood and may be accompanied by elevated blood pressure. 14 In mammalian development, the mother transduces environmental information such as nutritional status to her embryo or fetus through the placenta or to her The New England Journal of Medicine Downloaded from nejm.org at UC SHARED JOURNAL …


Abstract Pulse irradiation tests on short fuel elements have been carried out in TRIGA Annular Core Pulse Reactor (TRIGA ACPR) of INR Pitesti to investigate aspects related to the thermal and mechanical behavior of CANDU type fuel elements under short duration and large amplitude power pulse conditions. Short test fuel elements were instrumented with thermocouples for cladding surface temperature measurements and pressure sensors for element internal pressure measurement. Transient histories of reactor power, cooling water pressure, fuel element internal pressure and cladding temperature were recorded during tests. The fuel elements were subjected to total energy deposition from 70 to 280 cal g–1 UO2. Rapid fuel pellet expansion due to a power excursion caused radial and longitudinal deformation of the cladding. Cladding failure mechanism and the failure threshold have been established. This paper presents some recent results obtained from these power pulse tests performed in TRIGA ACPR of INR Pitesti.


The invention discloses a heat-insulation, fire-resistance and heat-preservation material for a wall body. The heat-insulation, fire-resistance and heat-preservation material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of expanded perlite, 15-20 parts of light ceramsite, 5-10 parts of phosphate, 5-10 parts of magnesium chloride, 5-10 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 5-20 parts of fiber, 2-8 parts of silicate, 1-3 parts of a high-temperature ceramic adhesive, 1-5 parts of alum and 10-25 parts of coal ash. The heat-insulation, fire-resistance and heat-preservation material for the wall body, provided by the invention, has the advantages of water resistance, fire resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength, long service life and the like.


Summary A stoichiometry of one is found for the reaction between RS-batyl alcohol and 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin catalysed by glyceryl-ether monooxygenase during the first two minutes. The apparent decoupling of these two substrates after the first two minutes of reaction is discussed. The stoichiometry of the oxidation of 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin [to quinonoid 6-methyl-7,8(6H)-dihydropterinJ to the conversion of NADH to NAD in the monooxygenase-dihydropteridine reductase coupled reaction is ca one at concentrations of 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin less than 100 μM. At higher concentrations of the tetrahydropterin the ratio decreases and it is shown to be due to product inhibition of the reductase. R( +)- and S( - )-6-Methyl- 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin are about equally effective substrates for glyceryl-ether monooxygenase. A new and convenient synthesis of 1-14C-batyl alcohol is reported.


Purpose – This study aims to compare the risk‐return characteristics and performance of real estate investment trust (REIT) hotel companies (hotel REITs hereafter) with those of C‐corporation hotel companies (hotel C‐corps hereafter).Design/methodology/approach – The risk‐return characteristics and performance of hotel REITs and C‐corps were examined by estimating single‐factor and Fama‐French three‐factor asset pricing models for each portfolio. Differences between the hotel REIT and C‐corp estimations were tested using Wald test statistics.Findings – Little evidence was found that hotel REITs have significantly different risk‐return characteristics and performance than hotel C‐corps, which suggests that hotel REITs and C‐corps are not significantly different in terms of market risk‐return characteristics and performance. The market portfolio had a significantly positive effect on the returns of both hotel REITs and C‐corps. The size and book‐to‐market factors of common stock also had a significant expla...


The effect of adsorbate interactions on self-diffusion on Cu(111) and Ni(111) surfaces is examined by calculating activation barriers and prefactors for diffusion of an adatom in the presence of a second adatom. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations are performed. The calculations for both systems reveal that the main impact on the mobility of an adatom caused by the presence of a second adatom comes from modifications of the activation barriers. Prefactors are essentially the same as for single atom diffusion beyond adatom separations of next-nearest-neighbor sites.


The course of teaching is virtually a communication-passed course; the theory of holography teaching is a system into in which the basic law and fundamental of the course of teaching are expounded with the theory of holography. The theory of holography teaching can expound a lot of principle of teaching in modern teaching mode, including the multimedia teaching mode.


The coal industry is one of the largest contributors to the state budget of more than 40 billion annually, so the declining coal industry and the condition of every coal company in Indonesia are of particular concern to the government. This study examines how the level of financial distress of coal mining companies IDX 2012 - 2016 when analyst with Springate method and Grover method, and which method is most appropriate in predicting financial distress in coal companies. From the results of the calculation with the both methods are Obtained results there are some coal companies are declared to have financial distress with both methods and obtained the result that the Grover method is the most appropriate methods in predicting financial distress.


Extracted from text ... Obstetrics & Gynaecology Forum ? October 2006 121
REVIEW OG16:121-124
Correspondence:
Dr Lizette White
email@example.com
Ovulation induction
L White
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Introduction
Ovulatory dysfunction is identified in 18 - 25% of couples with
infertility.1 The aim of ovulation induction is to induce the
development of at least one dominant follicle, while
superovulation is used to increase the number of follicles,
either for specific therapeutic strategies e.g. artificial
insemination or for in vitro fertilisation.
In 1961 Greenblatt et al reported the new anti-estrogen MRL-
41(clomiphene ..


OBJECTIVE To study the analgesic effect of traditional Chinese medicine compound Aitongan.METHODS A variety of animal models tests,including the mice hot-plate test,the writhing test and the formalin induced-pain experiment,were used to evaluate the analgesic effect of Aitongan.The addiction of Aitongan was observed by the mouse-jumping experiment.The most tolerance measurement was used to estimate its safety.RESULTS Aitongan 8,4 and 2 g·kg-1 ig could apparently prolong the time for mice to lick their hind legs,with elevation of pain threshold values 71.71%,66.07% and 54.36% respectively.It also significantly reduced the number of writhing response in mice and the inhibitory ratios were 70.34%,65.75% and 64.37% respectively.It could effectively control foot pain caused by formalin in mice too.The mouse-jumping experiment showed that Aitongan had analgesic effect without addiction of morhpine.Mice were given(ig) Aitongan extract four times a day.The total amount of the medicine was 111.82 g·kg-1(equivalent to 670.92 g·kg-1 crude drugs),which was 186.37 times the clinical dosage for a adult.CONCLUSION Aitongan has obvious analgesic effect.It is safe and no addiction.


Introduction: Although the warm-up is considered essential for sports, little is known about its effect on strength training. Objective: To evaluate the effect of different warm-up strategies in neuromuscular performance in young adults undergoing maximum repetitions of upper and lower limb exercises. Methods: Two experiments were conducted separa-tely. For the first experiment, 16 healthy young adults performed a test of maximal repetitions at 70% 1RM in the bench press (previously determined). Four warm-up conditions were tested: control (CON) without prior warm-up, 5 min on the treadmill at 60% VO 2max (EST), strength endurance (REF) with 1 set x 15 repetitions with 40% 1RM and maximal strength (MS) with two sets of two reps with 90% 1RM. For the second experiment, 14 healthy young adults performed a maximal number of repetitions at 70% 1RM in the unilateral leg press (previously determined). Five warm-up conditions were tested: control (CON) without prior warm-up, 5 min of cycling at 60% VO2max (BIC), 5 min on the treadmill to 60% VO 2max (EST), strength endurance (REF) with 1 set vs. 15 repetitions with 40% 1RM and maximal strength (MS) with two sets of two reps with 90% 1RM. For both experiments the number of repetitions performed and perceived exertion were evaluated. Results: For the first experiment, the MS condition was superior when compared to other protocols. No differences between the other conditions were observed. For the second experiment differences between all protocols were observed, except CON and EST, being MS> BIC> REF> = CON. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a warming-up of maximum strength may produce higher force production for the upper and lower limbs. Additionally, aerobic and strength resistance warm-up showed an improvement in strength performance for the lower limbs in a smaller magnitude.


ABSTRACT Seven specimens of Scolecoseps Loveridge, 1920 from the vicinity of Palma on the north coast of Mozambique are compared morphologically with other known material of this genus. The new material can be distinguished morphologically from all other Scolecoseps by the presence and position of certain head scales, particularly a supraciliary and four small suboculars, a small mental and high subcaudal counts. It is described as a new species, Scolecoseps broadleyi sp. nov. The new species is found in coastal savannah habitat under leaf litter of Berlinia orientalis trees, in sandy soils in close proximity to large wetlands. Its currently known distribution is south of the range of Scolecoseps litipoensis Broadley, 1995 and north of that of Scolecoseps boulengeri Loveridge, 1920. We provide a review of the available literature for the genus Scolecoseps and highlight the necessity for additional research on these poorly known fossorial skinks. ZooBank— Scolecoseps broadleyi: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C4E3723C-F982-4CFA-900B-0B23A9AD5B84


Strong spatial confinement of light in a semiconductor cavity is of significant interest for enhancing the interaction between light and matter, with important applications in integrated photonics and quantum technology. Until recently, it was held by the community that in a semiconductor, as opposed to a metal supporting plasmons, light could not be concentrated to a mode volume smaller than $(\lambda/2n)^{3}$, where $\lambda$ is the wavelength and $n$ is the refractive index. This so-called «diffraction limit» was proven inapplicable by recent designs [1]–[3] and experimental results in silicon [4]. Here, we show that even in InP, with less mature nanofabrication technology, we can achieve deep sub-wavelength confinement of light, realizing a mode volume of $0.26\times(\lambda/2n)^{3}$.


Physical readiness is important for operative police officers to cope with occupational tasks. Despite this, physical activity and physical fitness among police officers decrease throughout their occupational career. Self-determination theory (SDT) is a major theoretical approach in motivation research for sports and physical activity. SDT describes types of motivation and motivational regulation and how they are related to physical activity and physical activity adherence. This study aims to explore whether there is a relationship between motivation and the physical activity level of future police officers. The study was based on a survey design, including two questionnaires: Motives for Physical Activities Measure – Revised, measuring motivational regulation; and International Physical Activity Questionnaire – short form, measuring physical activity. Two hundred and fifty-eight students at the Norwegian Police University College (NPUC) participated in the study. Our results revealed that motivational regulation, especially intrinsic and integrated regulation, significantly predicted physical activity among NPUC students. Our findings support the basics of SDT, and how it is related to physical activity patterns and physical activity adherence. When discussing physical training and physical readiness, and to understand the reduction in physical activity and fitness among police officers, one cannot neglect the importance of exploring and understanding the motivation for physical activity among police officers. Educational institutions like the NPUC have an important role in securing minimum levels of physical fitness when graduating students, but even more importantly they can have a central part in nurturing intrinsic motivation for physical activity for the future police officers, which facilitates physical activity adherence throughout their policing career.


HIF-1 not only enables cells to survive under hypoxic conditions but also promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, its expression should be controlled at optimal levels in growing tumors. We recently reported that bafilomycin A1 exorbitantly expressed HIF-1 and induced the p21mediated growth arrest of tumors (Mol Pharmacol 70:1856– 1865, 2006). In the present study, we addressed the mechanism underlying bafilomycin-induced HIF-1 expression. Bafilomycin stabilized HIF-1 under normoxic conditions without changes in intracellular pH. However, when ATP6V0C, the target protein of bafilomycin, was knocked down, this bafilomycin effect was significantly attenuated. Inversely, ATP6V0C expression increased HIF-1 levels in a gene dosedependent manner. ATP6V0C competed with Von HippelLindau protein in HIF-1 binding by directly interacting with HIF-1 , which was stimulated by bafilomycin. In confocal images, ATP6V0C was normally present in the cytoplasm but was translocated in company with HIF-1 to the nucleus by bafilomycin. The N-terminal end (amino acids 1–16) of HIF-1 was identified as the ATP6V0C-interacting motif. These results suggest that ATP6V0C, a novel regulator of HIF-1 , mediates HIF-1 expression by bafilomycin. HIF-1 contains the basic helix-loop-helix/periodicity–aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)–simpleminded domains at the N terminus (Jiang et al., 1996) and two transactivation domains at the C terminus (Jiang et al., 1997). It also has the Pro-Ser-Thr-rich oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODDD, aa. 401–603) in the middle part, which is responsible for destabilization of HIF-1 protein (Huang et al., 1998). Under normoxic conditions, HIF-1prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1–3) (Bruick and McKnight, 2001; Epstein et al., 2001) hydroxylate two proline residues (Pro402 and Pro564) within the ODDD (Ivan et al., 2001; Jaakkola et al., 2001; Masson et al., 2001) and, in turn, the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) binds to the modified HIF-1 , resulting in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of HIF-1 (Maxwell et al., 1999; Kamura et al., 2000). Because PHDs require molecular oxygen as a substrate, the proline hydroxylation is limited under hypoxic conditions, and thereby HIF-1 is stabilized. In the nucleus, HIF-1 binds ARNT to form a HIF-1 complex, which up-regulates many genes essential for cellular adaptation to hypoxia (Semenza, 2000). HIF-1 is frequently found to be overexpressed in human tumors (Zhong et al., 1999), and its levels in tumor specimens are correlated with tumor hypervascularity, aggressiveness, and poor prognosis (Birner et al., 2000, Zagzag et al., 2000). The essential roles of HIF-1 in tumor growth and angiogenesis have also been demonstrated in This work was supported by a grant from the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare Research Fund 2005 (A050479) and by a grant from the National R&D Program for Cancer Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare Research Fund (0520260-2). J.-H.L. and J.-W.P. contributed equally to this work. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org. doi:10.1124/mol.106.030296. ABBREVIATIONS: HIF-1 , hypoxia-inducible factor 1 ; ARNT, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator; ODDD, oxygen-dependent degradation domain; PHD, prolyl hydroxylase; pVHL, von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein; ATP6V0C, subunit c in V0 sector of V-ATPase; Vc, ATP6V0C; BM, bafilomycin A1; V-ATPase, vacuolar H ATPase; HEK, human embryonic kidney; HA, hemagglutinin; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RT, reverse transcription/transcriptase; siRNA, small interfering RNA; pHi, intracellular pH; BCECF, 2,7-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein; RFP, red fluorescent protein; GFP, green fluorescent protein; mHIF-1 , HIF-1 mutant; MG132, N-benzoyloxycarbonyl (Z)-LeuLeu-leucinal. 0026-895X/07/7103-942–948$20.00 MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY Vol. 71, No. 3 Copyright © 2007 The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 30296/3183479 Mol Pharmacol 71:942–948, 2007 Printed in U.S.A. 942 at A PE T Jornals on A uust 6, 2017 m oharm .aspeurnals.org D ow nladed from tumor xenograft studies (Ryan et al., 2000). Therefore, HIF-1 is indicated as a tumor promoting factor and a most compelling target for cancer therapy. However, in stark contrast with the above, HIF-1 has also tumorinhibiting properties. Its overexpression inhibits cell proliferation by expressing cell cycle inhibitors such as p21, p27, and p53. Moreover, HIF-1 promotes apoptosis by inducing proapoptotic molecules such as p53, Nip3, Noxa, and HGTD-P (Greijer and van der Wall, 2004; Koshiji and Huang, 2004). Indeed, tumors xenografted with HIF1 ( / ) cells grew faster than those with HIF-1 ( / ) cells (Carmeliet et al., 1998). It was also demonstrated that the HIF-1 ( / ) tumors were more proliferative and less apoptotic than the HIF-1 ( / ) tumors. When HIF-1 was overexpressed by knocking-out VHL, the grafted tumor growth decreased, rather than increased, despite the induction of HIF-1 downstream genes (Mack et al., 2003). Thus, HIF-1 at optimal levels is required for tumor growth and angiogenesis, but under some circumstances, its overexpression may provide a reverse effect on tumor growth. Therefore, HIF-1 overexpression could be a strategy for cancer therapy. Bafilomycin A1, a V-ATPase inhibitor, has been viewed as a potential anticancer agent because it inhibits tumor growth both in vitro (Ohkuma et al., 1993) and in vivo (Ohta et al., 1998). These anticancer effects of bafilomycin have been considered to be attributable to the intracellular acidosis by V-ATPase inhibition. However, we recently proposed a novel mechanism underlying tumor inhibition by bafilomycin. Bafilomycin up-regulated HIF-1 in eight human cancer cell lines, which caused a robust induction of p21 and cell cycle arrest. Although it showed a marginal activity in transcription of HIF-1 target genes such as VEGF, PGK1, and ENO1, bafilomycin-induced HIF-1 dissociated c-Myc repressor from p21 promoter, and thereby de-repressed p21. In grafted fibrosarcomas, bafilomycin also showed the HIF-1 -dependent anticancer effect (Lim et al., 2006). Based on these results, we suggested that the anticancer action of bafilomycin is attributable to HIF-1 overexpression. However, we did not clarify the mechanism whereby bafilomycin inhibited HIF-1 protein degradation. V-ATPase is a large multisubunit enzyme and plays an important role in pH homeostasis by lowering lumen pH and raising cytoplasmic pH (Forgac, 1989). V-ATPase consists of two sectors, a catalytic V1 sector and a membranebound V0 sector. The V1 sector, which is composed of eight different subunits, hydrolyzes ATP to ADP to abstract energy for H transportation. The V0 sector, which is composed of five different subunits, forms the H translocating channel (Forgac, 1989). Of these subunits, subunit c in V0 (ATP6V0C), which is the target protein of bafilomycin, has been found to interact with other structures independently of V-ATPase, including gap junction complexes and mediatophores (Finbow et al., 1994). It also forms a complex with papillomavirus E5 oncoprotein plus plateletderived growth factorreceptor (Goldstein et al., 1992) or with 1 integrin (Lee et al., 2004). Thus, ATP6V0C is likely to participate in diverse cell signaling via proteinprotein interactions. In the present study, we tested the possibility that ATP6V0C is involved in the HIF-1 induction by bafilomycin. Materials and Methods Reagents and Antibodies. Bafilomycin A1 and MG132 were purchased from Alexis Biochemicals (Lausanne, Switzerland), and other chemicals from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Culture media and fetal calf serum were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Anti-HIF-1 antiserum was generated in rabbits, as described previously (Chun et al., 2001). ARNT and -actin antibodies were purchased from SantaCruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). pVHL and ATP6V0C antibodies were purchased from BD Biosciences PharMingen (San Diego, CA) and Chemicon (Temecula, CA), respectively. Hemagglutinin and Flag antibodies were obtained from Roche (Basel, Switzerland) and Sigma-Aldrich, respectively. Cell Culture. Human prostate cancer PC3 and human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cell lines were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA), and VHL-null and VHL wildtype RCC4 cell-lines were from the European Collection of Cell Cultures (London, UK). These cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, in a 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere at 37°C. Preparation of Expression Plasmids and Transfection. Hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged HIF-1 expression plasmid (pcDNA3) was constructed as described previously (Chun et al., 2001). The plasmid for pVHL-independent HIF-1 mutant (P402A/P564A), mHIF-1 was made by substituting Ala402 and Ala564 for Pro402 and Pro564, respectively, using a QuikChange site-directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA). Truncated HIF-1 mutants were made by deleting specific domains, using a PCR-based mutagenesis kit (Stratagene). cDNA of V-ATPase V0 part subunit c (ATP6V0C; GenBank number NM_001694) was cloned by RT-PCR using Pfu DNA polymerase, and inserted into pcDNA-Flag or pcDNA by blunt-end ligation. To make fluorescent proteins, cDNA of HIF-1 or ATP6V0C was inserted into a green fluorescence protein vector, pEGFP-C2 (Clontech, Mountain View, CA) or a red fluorescence protein vector (pDsRed2-C1), respectively. cDNA of pVHL (GenBank number NM_000551) was cloned by RT-PCR and inserted into pcDNA-Flag or pcDNA-HA. The nucleotide sequences of the primers used for PCR were 5 -ATGTCCGAGTCCAAGAGC-3 and 5 CTACTTTGTGGAGAGGATGAG-3 for ATP6V0C, and 5 -ATGCCCCGGAGGGCGGAG-3 and 5 -TCAATCTCCCATCCGTTGATGTGC-3 for pVHL. All constructs were verified by DNA sequencing. For transient transfection, approximately 40% of confluent cells in 60-mm cell culture dishes were trans


ZHANG Jingyue's original view of diabetes was recorded in the Complete Works of ZHANG Jingyue. It can be summarized as the following. Diabetes is characterized by deficiency of kidney. Efforts should be made to differentiate deficiency from excess, and yin from yang, and to invigorate kidney. His original view that diabetes is caused by yang deficiency and should be treated by warming the kidney yang has been the forerunner of the method of replenishing qi and warming yang for diabetes. It not only enriched therapeutic methods, but also promoted the development of theories of treating diabetes.


This study aimed to determine the ecological risk of Lake Arin through an analysis using comprehensive indexes. Surface sediment samples (21) and bedrock samples (5) were collected from Lake Arin. The metal concentrations were obtained from the ICP-OES analysis values. Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) and Toxic Risk Index (TRI), Modified ecological risk index (mER) and Modified Potential Ecological Risk Index (m-PER) were calculated from the ICP-OES data. Our results reveal that the average concentration of the Lake Arin metals is Al > Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Co > Pb > Cd > As, in decreasing order. While moderate enrichment was determined for Ni, As and Zn, moderate contamination was detected only for Ni. It was determined there was no contamination in terms of Geoaccumulation Factor, and PER values showed low ecological risk. The second highest EF value belongs to As, which is thought to originate from the use of fossil fuels in the region. As a result of the ecological risk analysis of Lake Arin, it was determined that the metal levels were not at high levels and were not toxic.


The invention relates to a process method for carrying out gas extraction through a downward multi-branch comb borehole in a coal seam roof. At present, the gas extraction is mostly carried out by adopting a highly-located roadway in the roof, a highly-located borehole in the roof or a seam-crossing borehole in a floor and the like, and the shortcomings are as follows: the extraction cost is increased, the production efficiency is affected and the cycle is prolonged. In the hole-forming process method for the comb gas extraction borehole in the coal seam roof, a motor at the bottom of a hole is adopted for being matched with a measuring device while drilling for carrying out directional drilling from the coal seam roof, a special packing whipstock is dived from the hole after a drill is hoisted, the motor at the bottom of the hole, which has small diameter and large bend angle, is adopted for carrying out backward downward branch construction, and a group of downward comb multi-branch holes in the coal seam roof are formed; and the drill is raised up, and a hole sealing pipe is communicated with a gas extraction pipeline for carrying out the gas extraction. The process method has the advantages of low construction cost and short cycle. The process method is used for gas extraction through the highly-located borehole in the coal seam roof, has the characteristic of realizing multiple purposes in one hole, and can ensure that comprehensive three-dimensional high-efficient gas extraction before, during and after the extraction is realized.


The negative terminal may replace the valve device is disclosed. Uninterrupted water valve replacement device in accordance with the present invention in which a fluid is supplied first keoseuteomeo pipe (P1) and the fluid is provided between the exhaust second keoseuteomeo pipe (P2) which can be uninterrupted to replace the valve without singular valve replacement device (1), once the end has the second and the first connection pipe 104 having a flange 102 coupled to the flange and the other end is the first contact the flange 102 of the first keoseuteomeo pipe (P1), 2 keoseuteomeo pipe coupled (P2) the flange 106 and the flange of the other end of the second contact flange 108, the second connecting pipe 110, a first connection pipe 104 or the second connection pipe (110 having a ) end and is provided between the other end of the elongating and contracting portion that is elastic to allow the adjustment of the length; And with the first connecting pipe 104 and the second medium between the second connection pipe 110 and the main pipe 120 is a valve (V) for a flow meter or control for the flow rate measurement of the fluid installation, the main and pipe spare pipe 122 disposed 120 and spaced apart from, the preliminary hole (122a) of the main hole (120a) or pre-pipe 122 of the main pipe 120 through the first contact flange 102 is preliminary hole of the opening so that the main pipe 120 and the preliminary pipe 122, the first bracket block 130, and the main holes (120a) or pre-pipe 122 of the main pipe 120 can be combined with one end of the (122a), the second the main pipe 120 and the first contact flange including the other end is coupled the second bracket block 140 is the spare pipe 122 such that each opening through the adhesive flange 108 ( 102) and the second contact flange 108 is respectively inserted into the first bracket block 130 and second block bracket 140, four ends A first contact flange 102 and the second contact flange 108, the guide wall (132, 142) for guiding the outer peripheral surface of, and stops at end main hole (120a) or the preliminary hole (122a) so as to be slide in the as to the first and second brackets block 130, 140 is moved comprises a switching section 150 is composed of a stopping jaw (134, 144) are provided in the open position, the first and second pipes (P1 ) (characterized by connecting P2) and the main pipe 120, or connect the first and second pipe (P1), (P2) and a spare pipe 122. Uninterrupted water valve replacement device of the present invention can be very quickly and easily yield the procedure to replace the valve, without the need or maintenance work even allowing some leakage for the fluid harmless without water pressure is not very high, separate the valve does not need to reduce maintenance costs. Be uninterrupted, valves and replacement


Current era is of fastest information retrieval. There are lots of research methodologies which are arising to give the fastest and correct result set. This paper mainly focuses on survey of the ranking models and learning to rank technique for giving the effective and efficient information retrieval. Learning to rank is flattering progressively more trendy research area in machine learning. The problem of ranking aims to encourage an ordering or inclination of relation among a set of instances in the input space. Learning to rank for information retrieval has gained a lot of interest in the recent years as ranking is the central problem in many information retrieval applications, like document retrieval, multimedia retrieval, text summarization, collaborative filtering, question answering and online advertising machine translation etc. The tremendously large size of the Web documents makes it usually impracticable for the common users for finding their desired information by surfing the net. As a result, effective and efficient information retrieval is being more important and also search engine (information retrieval system) has turned out to be a vital tool for people to locate their needed