Indonesia is the second-largest instant noodle consumer country globally and annually produces 17 billion packaged instant noodle products. This results in a large amount of instant noodle packaging plastic waste produced. However, until now, there has been no design for collecting instant noodle packaging waste properly. Based on actual events, instant noodle packaging waste is classified as trash that is not in demand by the informal sector because it has low economic value and is difficult to recycle, so instant noodle packaging waste is often scattered in the environment, ends up in the landfill and increases the volume. The current packaging waste collection design is not sufficient to handle instant noodle waste properly. One solution to overcome the negative impact of environmental problems due to instant noodle packaging is to design a focused waste collection design. This study's results are three designs of instant noodle packaging waste collection, which are expected to be an alternative in reducing pollution and environmental problems due to instant noodle packaging. Literature studies on waste collection, including the factors and sub-factors of waste management, interviews with waste managers, and observations of existing waste collection trends, were carried out to design instant noodle packaging collections.


Introduction: Oncoplastic surgery merges the principles of oncology and plastic surgery. Methods: A prospective single centre study was done on patients with carcinoma breast for a one year period from 1 st January to 31 st December 2019. Various parameters were noted over time and the results were analyzed using simple statistical methods. Results: Of 248 patients who underwent surgery for carcinoma breast, 64 patients had breast conservation surgery (BCS). The oncoplastic techniques performed were breast tissue advancement flap (Type 1 Oncoplasty) in 49(76.56%), Grisotti flap 2(3%), Benelli technique 3(4.68%) and latissimus dorsi flap 10 (15.62%). The median age of patients was 46.5 years. The median size of tumor was 3.5 cm. At median follow up for 4.4 months (range 1-12 months) patient satisfaction results were excellent based on subjective assessment. Based on an objective assessment according to Harvard Scale, results were excellent in 37(58%), good 17(26.3%), fair 7(10.5%) and poor 3(5.2%). The choice of technique was dependent on achievement of safety margins, breast volume and its ptotic degree. Conclusion: Use of oncoplastic techniques provides rewarding cosmetic results.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of legal provision of access to information about waste generated as a result of war, the identification of problematic aspects in this area and the development of proposals for overcoming them.
The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop a legal field that would take into account a new phenomenon for Ukraine - the treatment of waste generated as a result of war and allow to ensure the implementation of the constitutional right of everyone to access information about such waste in the context of access to environmental information as effectively as possible.
The work analyzes the amendments to the legislation on environmental information. A conclusion was made about the expediency of the existing changes in terms of clarifying the meaningful content of the term «environmental information», including by supplementing it with «waste information» and its compliance with international acts. The updated legislation on waste management was studied. A conclusion was made about the beginning of the formation of special secondary legislation on the management of waste generated as a result of war.
It was determined that even under martial law, environmental information, including waste information, cannot be restricted. Access to it may be difficult for objective reasons (due to technical reasons, in temporarily occupied territories, etc.). Public access to environmental information is one of the factors in the effective development of reconstruction plans (especially at the local level), ensuring proper control over the implementation of measures, preserving people's lives and health.
It is proposed to speed up the entry into force of the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the State System of Environmental Monitoring, Information on the State of the Environment (Environmental Information) and Information Support for Management in the Field of the Environment» without reference to the end of martial law as such, which will serve quality update of legislation on access to environmental information. The need to define and establish at the level of the Law of Ukraine «On Waste Management» the concept of «waste generated as a result of war», as well as the provision of this category in the National List of Waste, is substantiated. Inconsistency of the Regulation on data sets to be made public in the form of open data of the Law of Ukraine «On Waste Management» in the part of the list of such data on waste was established. The need to eliminate this shortcoming is argued.


The rate of RNA synthesis in synchronously growing HeLa S3 cells was determined as a function of position in the cell generation cycle. Measurements throughout the cycle of both the rate of incorporation of radioactively‐labeled uridine and of the total amount of RNA indicate that (1) the rate of RNA synthesis is constant (or increases only slightly) during G1, approximately doubles during the first half of S, and then remains constant during the remainder of S and G2, and (2) cells attain the average G1 rate of RNA synthesis very early in G1, and maintain the average G2 rate until mitosis.


The work for the first time investigates the sanitary condition of Siberian and far Eastern plants introducersgrowing in the dendrological collection of the arboretum of the Bauman Moscow state technical University, assessestheir fruiting and gives an aesthetic evaluation. The ability of the studied plants to adapt to the climatic conditions of theMoscow region, as well as their introduction potential, is evaluated separately.


In this paper, the effect of the gas inlet orientation on the discharge characteristics of the coaxial dual-channel cross-field plasma jet is investigated. A working gas helium is separately flowed into the annular space between the hollow needle tube and the quartz tube (called Q-Jet), as well as the hollow needle tube (called N-Jet). With the same discharge parameters, the results show that the radial and axial dimensions of Q-Jet plasma jet are larger than that of N-Jet. Compared with the latter, the discharge current amplitude of the former increases by about 3.8-fold, the net charge transferred increases by about 8.8-fold, and the variety and density of reactive species produced are remarkably increased. For Q-Jet, the 706-nm spectral band is distributed inside and outside the quartz tube, while the 391-nm spectral band is mainly distributed outside the quartz tube, and the plasma jet forms a conical luminous pattern in the quartz tube during the positive half cycle of the voltage, due to the influence of helium viscosity. For N-Jet, 706- and 391-nm spectral bands are only just distributed in the axis of the quartz tube, and the charges left by the first discharge in the axial position of the quartz tube remarkably amplify the intensity of the second discharge in the positive half cycle.


To assist in obtaining spectrograms of consistent density and to minimize the contribution of personal errors to spectrography, an automatic exposing device has been developed. A pre-sparking period of fixed duration is followed by an exposure period during which the light emitted by the source is integrated until it reaches a pre-set value, when the source is automatically extinguished. The unit is versatile and is considerably more accurate than manual operation.


Objective To study effects of edaravone on serum tumor necrosis factor-α,IL-8 and hs-CRP level in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods 85 patients of cerebral infarction were randomly divided and assigned to a therapy group and a control group.40 patients in control group were treated by routine therapy of acute cerebral infarction two weeks.Another 45 patients in therapy group were treated by routine therapy of acute cerebral infarction.in addition to edaravone two weeks.Recording the changes of serum tumor necrosis factor-α,IL-8 and hs-CRP level before treatment and after treatment 3 d,7 d and 14 d.Results After 3d,7d and 14d treatment,serum tumor necrosis factor-α,IL-8 and hs-CRP level decreased more dramatically,lower than that of the control group.Conclusions Edaravone can lower serum tumor necrosis factor-α,IL-8 and hs-CRP in patients with acute cerebral infarction.


Abstract Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) systems can be divided into two basic categories: liquid-fueled MSRs in which the fuel is dissolved in the salt, and solid-fueled systems such as the Fluoride-salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor (FHR). The molten salt provides an impediment to fission product release as actinides and many fission products are soluble in molten salt. Nonetheless, under accident conditions, some radionuclides may escape the salt by vaporization and aerosol formation, which may lead to release into the environment. We present recent enhancements to MELCOR to represent the transport of radionuclides in the salt and releases from the salt. Some soluble but volatile radionuclides may vaporize and subsequently condense to aerosol. Insoluble fission products can deposit on structures. Thermochimica, an open-source Gibbs Energy Minimization (GEM) code, has been integrated into MELCOR. With the appropriate thermochemical database, Thermochimica provides the solubility and vapor pressure of species as a function of temperature, pressure, and composition, which are needed to characterize the vaporization rate and the state of the salt with fission products. Since thermochemical databases are still under active development for molten salt systems, thermodynamic data for fission product solubility and vapor pressure may be user specified. This enables preliminary assessments of fission product transport in molten salt systems. In this paper, we discuss modeling of soluble and insoluble fission product releases in a MSR with Thermochimica incorporated into MELCOR. Separate-effects experiments performed as part of the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment in which radioactive aerosol was released are discussed as needed for determining the source term.


Given a smooth oriented manifold $M$ with non-empty boundary, we study the Pontryagin algebra $A=H_\ast(\Omega )$ where $ \Omega $ is the space of loops in $M$ based at a distinguished point of $ \partial M$. Using the ideas of string topology of Chas-Sullivan, we define a linear map $\{\{-,-\}\}: A \otimes A \to A\otimes A$ which is a double bracket in the sense of Van den Bergh satisfying a version of the Jacobi identity. For $\dim(M)\geq 3$, the double bracket $\{\{-,-\}\}$ induces Gerstenhaber brackets in the representation algebras associated with $A$. This extends our previous work on the case $\dim(M)=2$ where $A= H_0(\Omega )$ is the group algebra of the fundamental group $\pi_1(M)$ and the double bracket $\{\{-,-\}\}$ induces the standard Poisson brackets on the moduli spaces of representations of $\pi_1(M)$.


As the utilization and the application base of the Internet grows, the need for an improved network management system becomes increasing apparent. It is generally accepted that SNMP is not capable of tackling the arising network management requirements and needs to be replaced. Also, configuration management has been identified as one of the most desired network management functionality. Recent research publications suggest a growing interest in replacing SNMP by a Web Services (XML)-based network management solution. In this paper we present our methodology and design of our complete XML-based network management system developed with the specific aim of performing configuration management. [1], [2]


In this article, we propose an accountable and efficient data sharing scheme for industrial IoT (IIoT), named an accountable and data sharing scheme (ADS), in which a data owner can pursue the responsibility of a data receiver if the latter leaks some sensitive shared data to the public for profits while without permission (i.e., accountability). Specifically, ADS is built upon an adaptive decentralized oblivious transfer protocol together with a zero-knowledge proof technique, which enables the data receiver's private key to be hidden from the data owner and yet correctly embedded into the shared data during the process of data sharing. Once data breaches occur, the private key can be automatically revealed to the data owner so as to achieve the accountability. In addition, with ADS, a group of sharing providers can also assist IIoT devices in handling heavy computational tasks via the secret sharing technique without sacrificing the security. Extensive performance evaluations are conducted, and the simulation results demonstrate that ADS has high computational efficiency, making it well fit for IIoT.


IN tlle course of wrork with rheumiiatic children I have recently been forced to consideration along new lines. Havinig hiad referi'ed to me a child with acute rheumatismii and cai'ditis, it ultim:iately became evidenit that the rhenilnatic infectioni was superimposed upon a congenital syphlilitic tainit. Shortly afterwards a similar case was encoulntered, and I investigated a small series of cases with the object of obtainiing informationi oni the relationship between congenital syphilis and rheumL-atism. I obtained results which


The existence of aberrations in image formation by mirrors and lenses was well appreciated, even in the 17th century. Newton, for example, devised and used a method for making paraboloidal mirrors, which were used. in telescopes to avoid the spherical aberration of the axial image of a distant object which is always present when a spherical reflector is used.


Outcome-based education (OBE) is an approach that focuses on what students should learn (outcomes) and able to apply after the learning process. The Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia has implemented the OBE approach since 2006. This paper presents the civil engineering students' level of awareness and understanding based on their agreements on the statements related to OBE implementation. Survey questionnaires were distributed to more than 1000 undergraduate students from Year 1 through Year 4. The findings show that majority of the students were aware of the OBE approach and understood its implementation. A good level of understanding on the OBE implementation was observed based on their agreements on the adaptation towards the OBE approach, the independent and lifelong learning, active learning concepts together with the assessment tools/techniques used and advantages gained from the OBE approach. The final students demonstrate a higher level of understanding on OBE implementation compared to the students from the earlier years of study. This indicates that the longer period of study the students were exposed, the better their understanding on the OBE implementation. Even though this study is limited to undergraduate civil engineering students in UiTM Shah Alam, it contributes significantly on the efforts to continually evaluate and monitor OBE implementation to ensure quality and its effectiveness.


This work demonstrates a process for the in-place growth of metallic nanowires in microsystems. The wires are arranged in bunches, the so called nanowire arrays. The process expands the established ion track etch method and combines it with conventional MEMS technologies like photolithography. The process is described in detail and demonstrated by fabricating a calorimetric gas flow sensor with nanowire arrays. Two serially connected nanowire arrays are placed before and behind an electrically heated conductor on a glass substrate. The nanowire arrays work as fast temperature sensing elements to determine the gas flow over the sensor. The steady state sensor characteristics are measured, the time constant is estimated by a numerical simulation.


This paper presentes a correlation to predict the equilibrium ratios of hydrogen in hydrocarbon mixtures by use of the parameters of pressure and convergence pressure. Also a procedure to predict convergence pressures of hydrogen-containing mixtures was developed from a correlation of critical loci. With the predicted convergence pressure the measured values of hydrogen equilibrium ratios in binary hydrogen-paraffin mixtures were predicted with a statistical deviation of 8.1% for 237 measurements. Including hydrogen-olefin and multicomponent mixtures of hydrogen, paraffins, and olefins, the statistical deviation was found to be 11.3% for a total of 375 comparisons with measured values of hydrogen equilibrium ratios.


Persistent poor acoustic conditions can imbalance humans' psychophysical capabilities. A good acoustic project starts with either correct measurements of the existing acoustic parameters or with the correct hypothesis of new sound conditions. International standards define invasive measurement conditions and procedures that can disturb user activities. For this reason, alternative methodologies have been developed by mounting real-time sound-monitoring devices. Most of the research on these aims to decrease their dimensions in order to be placed in the tight service spaces of modern architecture and to reduce their aesthetic impact on interiors design. In this perspective, this article explores the features and potentialities of textile-based sound sensors (TSS) as they can not only fulfill these needs but can also be used as architectural ornaments by partially wrapping interiors. The ubiquitous of e-textiles for wearable applications has led to increasing the performance of TSS. Therefore, a comparison of the sensitivity values, signal-to-noise ratio and noise floor of sound TSS with sound sensors is presented, which is still missing in the literature. The paper demonstrates how these can be exploited for sound monitoring and can provide valid opportunities for new smart acoustic textiles.


Recognizing the role of human factors engineering (HFE) in the development of medical devices and combination products that involve devices, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) now requires human factors (HF) validations before market approval. Manufacturers are responsible for ensuring their products are safe and effective through the application of HFE. However, key stakeholders are still learning and developing capabilities to adapt to the regulatory component. Nonetheless, the lack of the corresponding HF capabilities hinders compliance with the FDA's expectations, and though ultimate success. No known previous work has looked into FDA HF validation projects to assess the underlying factors and implications of failed submissions. Applying system dynamics (SD), a causal loop diagram (CLD) was developed. CLDs are useful for the exploration of the causal interactions among factors or variables, as well as the underlying feedback structure of a complex system. This work can serve to help manufacturers better understand the FDA's HF requirement to enable overall product success. Further, with patient safety as a common goal, HF service providers (HFSPs) and regulators should be aware of the need to ensure the consistent quality of the HF element in premarket submissions.


There is a lack of effective method for early diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease,and the treatment outcomes are not acceptable.As a fibrogenic factor,connective tissue growth factor is increased in mesangial cells,podocytes and interstitial cells in diabetic kidney disease,and vice versa.The mechanisms may be including connective tissue growth factor induced the inflammatory response,matrix collagen and fibronectin synthesis by binding with heparan sulfate proteoglycans and receptor tyrosine kinase.Connective tissue growth factor is one of the factors resulting in renal fibrosis and proteinuria.Therefore,specific blockade of connective tissue growth factor expression and synthesis may be a new approach to treat diabetic kidney disease.


Abstract The determination of small quantities of copper in fabrics and in rubberized materials can be simplified by destruction with concentrated nitric acid, which accelerates the ignition to the final ash. At the same time, this method avoids the usual danger of volatilization of copper as chloride as a result of the presence of chlorine from white factice or from cold vulcanization. Likewise, precipitation of the copper as sulfide can be avoided by repeating the precipitation of the extract from the ash, which contains predominantly aluminum and iron, with ammonia. In this second precipitation, only around 1 to 2 per cent of the total quantity of copper is retained in the precipitate and filter, and this quantity may in most cases be neglected. The ordinary colorimetric method used in the past for the detection of copper as complex cuprammonium ion can be made about ten times as sensitive by making use of the reaction: Cu+ + + 2I− → CuI + I. This is, however, applicable only in the complete absence of...


The random key graph is the random graph induced by the random key predistribution scheme of Eschenauer and Gligor under the assumption of full visibility. We report on recent results concerning a conjectured zero-one law for graph connectivity, and provide an outline for its proof.


Dose rate measurements were performed in 0.5, 1 and 2 m distance from the surface of the bodies of 16 patients within the first 4 h after they had received 600 +/- 30 MBq of 99mTc-DPD. The various individual time to dose rate courses are discussed. The radiation dose rates around the patients were determined and the possible radiation exposure of other patients, attendants, and nurses in the surroundings of the "radiating" patients were estimated. The doses were far below the limits set by radiation protection regulations.


A latch system for a vehicle seat track includes locks. The locks are moveable between locked and unlocked positions. The locks lock with a web attached with the seat track.


This study is aimed at investigating the mediating effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and organizational culture with good governance among civil servants in Malaysia. This cross-sectional study involved 207 departmental records officers from 27 ministries in Malaysia selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected from self-administered questionnaires. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and organizational culture with good governance. Organizational commitment mediated both relationships. The findings of the study could provide useful recommendations for ministries/departments to ensure that aspects of organizational citizenship behavior and organizational culture are integrated with planning and implementing best practices in records management in the Malaysian public sector. effect of organizational commitment on the relationships of organizational citizenship behavior and organizational culture with good governance among civil servants in Malaysia. Information on organizational citizenship behavior, organizational culture, organizational commitment and good governance in records management can contribute to understanding the influence of these components in promoting transparency and accountability in Malaysia. Planning, implementing and supervising related program activities improve good governance among records managers. The findings of study can contribute to improving the performance of civil servants, especially records managers who implement the Government's records management policies. In particular, this study would contribute to the efficiency of the 27 ministries involved in records management. The findings of this study would yield valuable insights to stakeholders to enable them to understand and appreciate the importance of good records management so that new policies could be implemented to improve further the management of records in the public sector. Civil servants entrusted with keeping records of information in the public sector are valuable national assets, and as such, stakeholders need to ensure that they are given appropriate training to carry out their duties effectively. This study provides further evidence to support the argument that efficient records helps improve organizational governance. We measure the relationship organizational citizenship behavior and good governance. Our findings show that


The spectral weight (SW) for optical transitions in FeSi and MnSi are calculated as a function of temperature by means of linear muffin-tin orbital--local density approximation band calculations. The main effects, caused by structural disorder and electronic Fermi-Dirac distribution, act oppositely on the $T$ dependence of the SW, while the variation of the magnetic moment in MnSi has only a minor effect. The calculations agree with the experimental findings of an increasing SW in FeSi and a decreasing SW in MnSi as function of $T$. The results can be understood from the change of the band structure with disorder.


The effects of regional water management practices (WMPs) on the soil salinity of a representative rice field under Mediterranean conditions (Thessaloniki plain, Greece) were investigated. The temporal variation of soil salinity parameters in the soil solution and in the exchangeable phase was monitored at and below the root zone (15–20 and 35–40 cm) during the growing season. The comparative analysis (ANOVA for p = 0.05) of the measurements before and after the growing season showed that: (a) for the soil solution of the 15–20 cm layer, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, HCO3− and EC were significantly reduced, Na+ remained constant and Cl− increased, while in the 35–40 cm layer no significant differences were detected to all parameters except for Cl− which was increased; (b) for the exchangeable cations Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ no significant differences were found, while exchangeable Na+ and ESP were significantly increased in both soil layers during the short period of soil drying before harvest. The final values of Na+ and ESP were quite low to indicate soil degradation hazard. Overall the results showed adequate performance of WMPs to preserve a good soil salinity status but with the cost of high water consumption, exceeding 2000 mm.


The reproductive performances were compared of adult stable flies, Stomoxys Calcitrans (L.), fed fresh porcine or bovine blood or reconstituted, freeze-dried porcine or bovine blood. Adult stable flies fed fresh or reconstituted, freeze-dried porcine blood oviposited significantly more eggs than adults fed fresh or freeze-dried bovine blood. No decline in fecundity was observed for adults maintained for 10 successive generations on fresh porcine blood or on reconstituted, freeze-dried porcine or bovine blood. However, fecundity of adults maintained on fresh, heparinized bovine blood declined in later generations. The data provide evidence that stable fly adults can be maintained successfully on reconstituted, freeze-dried blood, and that porcine blood is nutritionally superior to the blood of cattle.


General view; In his sculpture, as in his other work, Arp linked together humans and animals, vegetable and inanimate objects, the organic and the inorganic. Such surprising fusions occur, for example, in Pagoda Fruit (1934; Clamart, Fond. Arp) and Mirror Leaf (1962; Locarno, Pin. Casa Rusca), while in Three Graces (1961; priv. col., see Trier, cat. no. 263) the figures of a woman and a column are brought together. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.oxfordartonline.com/ (accessed 5/11/2009)


This article is devoted to the topic of analysis of borrowed vocabulary in Russian and Chinese languages that is relevant in modern linguistics and language processes based on the lexicon of Internet communication in the field of computer and network technologies. The article provides a comparative analysis of the ways of borrowing foreign language lexical units in the field of information and communication technologies in the Russian and Chinese languages. The authors identify such types of borrowings as phonetic and semantic (word-formation and combination of tracing paper; etymological tracing, semantic tracing paper) in Russian and phonetic and semantic borrowing in Chinese, as well as graphical borrowed computer and network terms used in Russian and Chinese-language forums, and borrowing of English abbreviation terms in Russian and Chinese. Separately considered professional and slang vocabulary in the field of information and communication technologies, used in the Russian-speaking and Chinese-speaking forums. The main attention is paid to the peculiarities of their formation and functioning in the Russianspeaking and Chinese-speaking communicative space of the Internet.


This study focused on understanding positive aspects of cancer among a large, national sample of survivors, 2, 5, and 10 years' postcancer diagnosis, who responded to the American Cancer Society Study of Cancer Survivors ‐ II (SCS‐II) survey "Please tell us about any positive aspects of having cancer."


We study new families of curves that are suitable for efficiently parametrizing their moduli spaces. We explicitly construct such families for smooth plane quartics in order to determine unique representatives for the isomorphism classes of smooth plane quartics over finite fields. In this way, we can visualize the distributions of their traces of Frobenius. This leads to new observations on fluctuations with respect to the limiting symmetry imposed by the theory of Katz and Sarnak.


This paper discusses a case called "The Zia Prep Academy" that was developed to hone a person's critical thinking skill set in the context of structuring an agreement in the rehiring of a key executive. A detailed discussion is provided in how to set up an employee's contract and project plan given the potential for strategic deception and misaligned expectations. Critical thinking skills require students to integrate framing project work in a work breakdown structure for the Zia Prep Academy Superintendent and then to decide what work is not necessary over her next term of employment. Essential versus non-essential information is presented as student's process what is important to include in their overall analysis. Students must deal with the conditions of information compactedness, bounded rationality, and possible opportunism in writing the business case, or project plan, that accompanies the employee contract. The potential for strategic deception is present as uncertainty exists regarding the intentions of the school superintendent due to her proposed contract. Students work in traditional project management teams in writing a contract, business case, and financial analysis as part of the project plan. The outcome of this case is a greater understanding and ability in how to communicate key organizational requirements through team-based designs. The Zia Prep Academy case also facilitates one's development of conceptualizing a problem and then reaching a reasoned, teambased conclusion.


The inadequacies of the current Internet data and control planes to adapt to changes have given rise to several new proposed Internet architectures. In many cases, these new architectures enable a variety of "services" in the network that can be used to customize network functionality and to add new features after deployment. One key challenge to such network services is that they need to be composed from various networking resources at runtime. Therefore, it is critical to develop methods for accurately specifying the semantics of network services and composing them dynamically. In this article, we propose a service description semantic, discuss how to formalize the service composition problem and use the formalization in conjunction with a logic planner to provide an efficient solution.


Abstract Gel'fand, Kapranov and Zelevinsky proved, using the theory of perverse sheaves, that in the Cohen–Macaulay case an A-hypergeometric system is irreducible if its parameter vector is non-resonant. In this paper we prove, using the theory of the ring of differential operators on an affine toric variety, that in general an A-hypergeometric system is irreducible if and only if its parameter vector is non-resonant. In the course of the proof, we determine the irreducible quotients of an A-hypergeometric system.


PURPOSE: Title compounds of formula I(R 1 , R 2 , R 4 are lower alkyl; Y is O or S); for example, O, O-diethyl-O-(N-ethoxy-chloroacetoimidyl) thionophosphate. COPYRIGHT: (C)1977,JPO&Japio


An area exposed to drought and food insecurity and where many people are suffering to get the minimum daily consumption, identifying the population sub-groups or households frequently affected by chronic and/or transitory food security have paramount importance for policy trust. The general objective of the study was to identify food secure and insecure households and map the food insecure agro-ecological zones using indicators in drought prone areas of the Amhara region by using Lay Gaint district as a case study site. Questionnaire survey, in-depth interview and focus group discussions were the major data collection techniques and both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis were employed. The major variables used for the study includes income, expenditure, dietary diversity, coping strategy and dietary energy. The results of the study showed that sampled households in the study area were prone to food insecurity. The per capita kcal result confirms that around 80% of the sampled households were food insecure. HDDS showed that sample households were severely constrained in dietary diversity and were highly dependent on only two food groups (cereals and pulses). The results of kcal intake, DDS and food gap analysis showed that Woina-Dega and Kolla agro-ecological zones were the most food insecure zones in the study district. The result evidenced that food availability is a serious problem in the study area that needs enhancing crop production through the application of agricultural inputs. Moreover non-farm activities that supplement the agricultural income have to be given top priority to minimize severe cash constraints of the study households. Keywords : Income, expenditure, dietary diversity, coping strategy, dietary energy, Ethiopia


We demonstrate a compact, C-band tunable passively fundamental-mode-locked Er:Yb:glass laser with 25 GHz repetition rate. It can serve as a pulse generator for future high speed RZ transmission systems or as a multiwavelength source locked to the ITU grid.


For a long time technicians and engineers have used geometric changes of objects for the purpose of enhancement of heat transfer. The discovery and use of nanofluids and their unique properties lead to a new revolution on the heat transfer. This paper presents the simulation of Ansis software applied to the flow tube with a constant flux, also studies the effect of baffles and the use of nano particles on heat transfer.


Abstract This paper examines how knowledge and accountability are framed and challenged within participatory spaces. I focus on an April 2013 case study from Khayelitsha, a township at the margins of the City of Cape Town. Over the course of one week, local members of a non-governmental organisation undertook a 'social audit', an attempt to dissect one of the city's many service provision contracts and to investigate local delivery of these services within several informal settlements. This paper argues that the audit inverts the city's existing spaces of governance by highlighting everyday forms of knowledge as paramount, creating legibility for non-expert forms of knowledge, and positioning government and private contractors as those who should be accountable to the community. Understanding the dynamics within community-led spaces of citizen participation can thus serve to identify and critique normative practices within neoliberal governance that further marginalise residents living within the urban periphery.


Understanding the connection between the topology of a biochemical reaction network and its dynamical behavior is an important topic in systems biology. We proved a no-oscillation theorem for the transient dynamics of the linear signal transduction pathway, that is, there are no dynamical oscillations for each species if the considered system is a simple linear transduction chain equipped with an initial stimulation. In the nonlinear case, we showed that the no-oscillation property still holds for the starting and ending species, but oscillations generally exist in the dynamics of intermediate species. We also discussed different generalizations on the system setup. The established theorem will provide insights on the understanding of network motifs and the choice of mathematical models when dealing with biological data.


Instruments working with stick-slip interactions not using a string were popular in the West since the invention of the glass harmonica by Benjamin Franklin in 1751. The Terpodion investigated was built by Buschmann in the mid-19th century as a friction instrument with a keyboard, where bars are pressed against a wooden rotating cylinder producing a sound. Using high-speed camera recordings, the only playable instrument today at the Viadrina museum in Frankfurt a.O. shows sinusoidal vibrations of the bars determining the played pitch while the radiated sound is highly complex. Therefore the instrument shows a fundamentally different stick-slip action compared to bowed instruments. Friction instruments of the East, like the singing bowls also show very sinusoidal-like sounds again caused by the stick-slip interaction. The New Ireland Lounuet, a finger-rubbed wooden block has both, a sinusoidal motion as well as a highly complex one which is to imitate bird and frog sounds. A systematic view on the differen...


The peculiar farm of coconut," Dikiri" was studied for its kernel composition including pectin content with the objective of developing a jam out of Dikiri kernel. Three levels of Dikiri pulp, 20%, 30% and 40%, were evaluated to prepare Dikiri based jam. Two types of jam were prepared; Jam made with Dikiri only as the fruit pulp and the jam with Dikiri pulp together with 10% pineapple. They were tested for sensory attributes and were compared with pineapple jam prepared with added commercial high methoxyl pectin. The best jam was selected for shelf life study at room temperature. Results showed that Dikiri kernel differs from ordinary coconut for all the variables tested in proximate composition analysis. Dikiri kernel contained 16.6% of high methoxyl pectin on a dry weight basis. The jam with 30% Dikiri pulp was selected as the best total pulp ratio and the incorporation of 10% pineapple pulp into Dikiri gives better sensory properties compared with Dikiri only jam. In conclusion, there is a possibility of formulation of jam without adding external pectin with considerable sensory acceptability and good keeping quality.


In this paper we develop an analytic expression for the critical temperature for a gas of ideal bosons in a combined harmonic lattice potential, relevant to current experiments using optical lattices. We give corrections to the critical temperature arising from effective mass modifications of the low energy spectrum, finite size effects, and excited band states. We compute the critical temperature using numerical methods and compare to our analytic result. We study condensation in an optical lattice over a wide parameter regime and demonstrate that the critical temperature can be increased or reduced relative to the purely harmonic case by adjusting the harmonic trap frequency. We show that a simple numerical procedure based on a piecewise analytic density of states provides an accurate prediction for the critical temperature.


The title compound Zn(NH3)4(ClO4)2 crystallizes in the space group F4̄3m with a = 10.240(1) Å. The crystal structure consists of tetrahedral Zn(NH3)4 cations and two nonequivalent ClO4 anions with crystallographic Td symmetry. The complex ions constitute an arrangement which is known from the Zintl phase MgAgAs. The Zn(NH3)4 cations are ccp packed with perchlorate anions in octahedral and tetrahedral voids. Whereas the ClO4 ions centered at tetrahedral holes do not interact with the other lattice components, the perchlorate ions in the octahedral voids are connected with the ammine ligands by a hydrogen bonded three-dimensional network involving all their N, H, and O atoms. The repeating unit of this network is a N4O4(μ-H)12 cube with N-H = 1.19(2) Å and O···H = 1.98(2)Å . Raman and IR spectra were recorded between 150 and 4000 cm-1. All the expected internal modes of the complex ions could be detected and assigned. The crystallographically different ClO4 anions have nearly the same vibrational spectra, only a slight splitting of two IR modes is observed


Based on the survey,the plant resources in Jiaozuo City were divided into 17 kinds according to the uses,such as timber resources plants,gardening plants,medical plants,starch plants,potherb plants,fruit plants,oil plants,condiment plants,textile plants,honey plants,rubber plants,tannic plants,forage plants,pigment plants,brewing plants,substituting-for-tea plants,indicator plants.And some suggestions were put forward for the protection,exploration and utilization of plant resources.


This paper is a discussion of the capabilities Herta Herzog, who directed the study, is and limitations of content analysis directed Associate Director of Research at McCannupon letters written to the Voice of America. Erickson, Inc., and is responsible for the The relationship of this article to the others in agency's psychological, and international opinthis symposium is described in the introduction. ion research.


Abstract : In this report the authors investigate signal/noise ratio enhancement obtainable on single-station LPE recordings by several techniques. The processors which are compared over a data base of 20 events include simple band- pass filtering, match filtering with a synthetic LR signature, and time-varying non-linear processing which examines three-component data for Rayleigh-wave characteristics. For the suite of events in this study, average S/N ratio improvement is 6 db for match filtering, 15 db for the non-linear PHILTRE processor and 20 db cascading the two processors.


Polyimides with low dielectric constants are important raw materials for the fabrication of flexible printed circuit boards and other microelectronic applications. As creation of voids in polyimide matrix could decrease dielectric constant, in this study mesoporous KIT-6, synthesized hydrothermally, was functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and mixed with 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) in the synthesis of terpoly(amic acid) using 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyldianhydride (BPDA), 3,3′,4,4′-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA) and 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and subsequently stage-cured to obtain APTS-KIT-6/Terpolyimide composites (APTS-KIT-6/TPI). The asymmetric and symmetric vibrations of imide OCNCO groups of APTS-KIT-6/TPI composites showed their peaks at 1772 and 1713 cm−1. The dielectric constant decreased with the increase in KIT-6 loading from 2 to 4%, but increased at higher loadings, and at 4% loading it was 1.42. Its tensile strength (103 MPa), tensile modulus (2.5 GPa), and percentage elongation (8.2) and high thermal stability (>540°C) were also adequate for application in microelectronics such as flexible printed circuits. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40508.


Objective To explore the efficacy of UHSCT for patients with hematologic malignant diseases.Methods Analysis was made regarding disease-free survival rate,transplant-related mortality,relapse rate of disease,incidence,severity and outcome of GVHD in 45 patients who received UHSCT in our hospital.Results Of 42 evaluable patients,thirty patients had GVHD(71.4%)and 9 patients had more than Ⅱdegree GVHD(21.4%).Five patients relapsed,5 patients died of infection and 5 patients died of acute GVHD;27(64.3%)patients had disease-free survival now.Kaplan-Meier analysis of leukemia-free survival,leukemia relapse and incidence of more than ⅡGVHD were(58.5±13.2)%,11.9% and 21.4% respectively.Conclusion UHSCT is effective.It provides an alternative source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.


The objective of the asphalt aging study described in this report was to determine the expected performance lifetime of a catalytically airblown asphalt membrane as a seepage barrier for inactive uranium mill tailings. The study, conducted by Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the Department of Energy's Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Program, showed through chemical compatibility tests that the asphalt membrane is well suited for this purpose. The chemical compatibility tests were designed to accelerate the aging reactions in the asphalt and to determine the accelerated aging effect. Higher temperatures and oxygen concentrations proved to be effective acceleration parameters. By infrared spectral analysis, the asphalt was determined to have undergone 7 years of equivalent aging in a 3-month period when exposed to 40/sup 0/C and 1.7 atm oxygen pressure. However, the extent of aging was limited to a maximum penetration of 0.5% of the total liner thickness. It was concluded that the liner could be expected to be effective as a seepage barrier for at least 1000 years before the entire thickness of the liner would be degraded.


Tandem 5-endo cyclization, oxidative aromatization, and final 6-endo cyclization of 2-alkynyl-2-formylcarbazoles with aromatic ortho-diamines offers a metal-free synthesis of the title compounds.


There is studied asymptotic behavior as \begin{document}$t\rightarrow T$\end{document} of arbitrary solution of equation \begin{document}$P_0(u):=u_t-\Delta u=a(t,x)u-b(t,x)|u|^{p-1}u\ \ \ \text{ in } [0,T)\times\Omega,$\end{document} where \begin{document}$\Omega$\end{document} is smooth bounded domain in \begin{document}$\mathbb{R}^N$\end{document} , \begin{document}$0 , \begin{document}$p>1$\end{document} , \begin{document}$a(\cdot)$\end{document} is continuous, \begin{document}$b(\cdot)$\end{document} is continuous nonnegative function, satisfying condition: \begin{document}$b(t, x)\geqslant a_1(t)g_1(d(x))$\end{document} , \begin{document}$d(x):=\textrm{dist}(x, \partial\Omega)$\end{document} . Here \begin{document}$g_1(s)$\end{document} is arbitrary nondecreasing positive for all \begin{document}$s>0$\end{document} function and \begin{document}$a_1(t)$\end{document} satisfies: \begin{document}$a_1(t)\geqslant c_0\exp(-\omega(T-t)(T-t)^{-1})\ \ \ \forall t 0a_1(t)\geqslant c_0\exp(-\omega(T-t)(T-t)^{-1})\ \ \ \forall t 0$\end{document} with some continuous nondecreasing function \begin{document}$\omega(\tau)\geqslant0$\end{document} \begin{document}$\forall\tau>0$\end{document} . Under additional condition: \begin{document}$\omega(\tau)\rightarrow\omega_0=\textrm{const}>0\ \ \ \text{ as }\tau\rightarrow0$\end{document} it is proved that there exist constant \begin{document}$k:0 , such that all solutions of mentioned equation (particularly, solutions, satisfying initial-boundary condition \begin{document}$u|_\Gamma=\infty$\end{document} , where \begin{document}$\Gamma=(0, T)\times\partial\Omega\cup\{0\}\times\Omega$\end{document} ) stay uniformly bounded in \begin{document}$\Omega_0:=\{x\in\Omega:d(x)>k\omega_0^{\frac12}\}$\end{document} as \begin{document}$t\rightarrow T$\end{document} . Method of investigation is based on local energy estimates and is applicable for wide class of equations. So in the paper there are obtained similar sufficient conditions of localization of singularity set of solutions near to the boundary of domain for equation with main part \begin{document}$P_0(u)=(|u|^{\lambda-1}u)_t-\sum_{i=1}^N(|\nabla_xu|^{q-1}u_{x_i})_{x_i}$\end{document} if \begin{document}$0 .


Heavy metals may cause acute and chronic toxic effects to humans and other organisms, hence the need to treat wastewater properly, as it contains these toxicants. This work aimed at assessing zinc, copper, cadmium, and chromium in water, soil, and plants that are irrigated with effluent from Manase and Soche Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in Blantyre, Malawi. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) was used to assess the heavy metals. Heavy Metal Health Risk Assessment (HMHRA) on plants (vegetables) around both WWTPs was also conducted. Average daily dose (ADD) and target hazard quotients (THQ) were used to assess HMHRA. Physicochemical parameters were determined using standard methods from American Public Health Association (APHA). The heavy metal ranges were below detection limit (BDL) to 6.94 mg/L in water, 0.0003 to 4.48 mg/kg in soil, and 3 to 32 mg/L in plants. The results revealed that plants irrigated with effluent from WWTP had high values of aforementioned metals exceeding the Malawi Standards and WHO permissible limits. Furthermore, the health risk assessment values showed that vegetables consumed for a long period of time from Manase WWTP were likely to cause adverse health effects as compared to those from Soche WWTP.


The work process of gas drainer is introduced as well as the monitoring and control theory after it reformed. With the reformation energy is saved, pollution reduced and guarantee offered for save production.


Urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptors, and cathepsin B were quantitatcd by using an immunological method, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and amidolytic activity assays in 15 malignant and 10 benign epithelial ovarian tumors. The levels of uPA and uPA receptors, as well as cathepsin B, were found to be higher in membrane preparations obtained from malignant tumors than in those obtained from benign tumors. Acid‐treated membranes acquired the ability to bind uPA, indicating that uPA is bound to a specific surface receptor that is not completely saturated. Levels of single‐chain uPA (pro‐uPA) and high‐molecular‐weight uPA in membrane preparations were measured by immunoadsorbent‐amidolytic assay. The finding of a significant increase in amidolytic activity following activation of uPAs by plasmin suggested that less than half (30–40%) of all membrane immunoreactive uPAs is present in the enzymatically inactive pro‐uPA form. In the membranes of malignant tumors, levels of uPA receptor and cathepsin B did not vary with stage of disease. On the other hand, we found that the level of receptor‐bound uPA antigen/activity was significantly increased in advanced malignant tumors. Receptor‐bound uPA may play an important role in determining invasive potential of tumor cells. Since ovarian cancer cells produce both pro‐uPA and cathepsin B, the possibility of activation of tumor cell‐derived pro‐uPA by cellular protease cathepsin B must be considered.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was two-fold : to describe the level of recognition of nosocomial respiratory infections by ICU nurses and to compare self evaluation and objective evaluation of nosocomial respiratory infection control practices by ICU nurses. Method: Data were collected from 78 nurses in intensive care units in one university affiliated hospital in Kyung Ki Province. Data were collected from March 4 to March 18, 2002. The recognition and self evaluation data were collected through a self report questionnaire and an objective evaluation which was done by observing the actual behavior of the nurses. Result: The results of this study showed that there was a significant positive relationship between recognition scores and self evaluation scores. However, there was no significant relationship between level of recognition and objective evaluation, nor between self evaluation and objective evaluation of infection control Practices by ICU nurses. Conclusion: ICU nurses In this study gave higher scores on self evaluation of their practice than were shown in the observation evaluation of actual practice. Moreover, in the objective evaluation the nurses had the lowest score on the item, 'washing hands before taking care of patients'. The results indicate that it is necessary to develop a standardized practice manual on nosocomial respiratory infection control in the ICU. Also, it is necessary to have a program to transfer knowledge into actual practice.


A bis-spiropyran functionalized peptide 1, which exhibits good cell-permeability, excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, has been developed for reversible and real-time lysosomal tracking.


Margaret Kennedy's early career was not untypical. Starting out in nursing, she found little to engage her in the acute sector, and after qualifying crossed over into the community as a district nurse.


After treated with NTG at concentration of0,0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3and3.5g/L,Haematococcus pluvialis were collected and inoculated in Erlenmeyer flask at volumes100mL.Fatality rate was calculated at three days of inocuˉlation.The incipient concentration of5000cell/mL,inoculated in Erlenmeyer flasks of volume100mL and then cultivated in the optimal conditions:temperature22℃±3℃,light intensity3800lx,light and dark cycle12∶12each concentration were cultured in2bottles.After ten days of inoculation,biomass and growth rate were calculated by cell counts,dry weightwas measured,and astaxanthin amountwas detected with a spectrometer.Results show,growth rate,dryweight and astaxanthin amount were highest at a concentration of2.5g/L but algae growth declined with increasing concentrations.


Summary form only given. The pseudospark is a low-pressure gas discharge, in which breakdown is at the left branch of the paschen curve. It has meanwhile found world-wide interest as a device for fundamental research and many applications such as high power switches and pulsed electron beam devices. The basic design consists of two electrodes with central apertures which are separated by an insulator. The discharge starts in the hollow cathode and can be triggered by injection of electrons into this region. By the hollow geometry discharge initiation is controlled. Later on electrode phenomena like the "superdense glow" and successive explosive electron emission processes describe the transition to an arc-like high current phase. The paper presents measurements of plasma parameters as a function of gas type and electrode material. The experimental methods used are Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF), laser absorption spectroscopy, tomographic two-wave interferometry and fast shutter and streak photography.


Uranium as a lithophilic element of not negligible chemical toxicity and in the same time as a natural radioactive component of the environment occurs in the Earth's crust reaching an average concentration almost 4 · 10−4 percent by mass. In spite of these facts the existence of uranium did not bring about significant environmental impacts – in whole of their context – until uncontrolled militarization and nuclear weapon testing have been realized in the middle of the last century. While the indefectible operation of the world's more then four hundred energetic nuclear reactors including the related radioactive waste management comprise a consequential issue, processes and facilities designated for spent nuclear fuel reprocessing represent a special piece of the problem depicted. All of the pertinent activities are connected to uranium exploitation and may contribute to devastation of the environment. Furthermore, a large deal of activities in question disturb the natural balance between uranium and its daughter radionuclides in germane locations. In recent time the related problems are discussed even more frequently because of constantly rising uranium prices, which in the last 20 years have increased more than 10times and the latest progress in the area of technologies utilized for obtaining and exploitation of uranium from its less abundant ores should be considered as well. The mentioned facts give reasons to possess an overview of uranium's environmental features including the most efficient methods recently used for uranium detection the need of fast, sensitive and reliable determination of uranium in various concentrations in waters, sediments and soil samples providing its trouble-free monitoring is out of question. This paper intends to highlight the most important characteristics of uranium controlling its behaviour in the environment and so closely connected to its physicochemical and toxicological properties.


With the rapid development of the Internet, access logs grow explosively and contain rich important information. There are various requirements for temporary log analysis, such as fault location, business characteristics analysis, and system operation. This kind of requirements are temporary, sudden and diverse. In order to meet this kind of requirements quickly, a distributed visual search and analysis engine system is designed, which has high flexibility and low threshold. The flexibility of the system is enhanced by abstracting the general search and analysis engine module, supporting the configurable extension of statistical dimension and providing user-friendly visual interface. At the same time, for unified management of configuration files, abstract matrix extended framework, which can improve the loading automation of configuration file and descriptibility of dependency relationship. Finally, two case studies verify the feasibility and flexibility of the system.


Classroom management plays an important role in the daily management of the students,it's the foundation of students' daily management,but also the schools' maintenance of stability "basis for the work.The maintenance of good class management school stable,healthy growth of students plays an important role.Classroom management methods and a variety of forms,different teacher in the management process used a different approach.This paper aims to the definition of class sports,content and form and function of the set,to explore physical activity's role in classroom management.


I/O receivers routinely equalize ISI over 10 or more post-cursor UI. IIR DFEs are a low-power technique for canceling long post-cursor ISI tails, and have been demonstrated compensating over 20dB loss at fbit/2 up to 10Gb/s [1-5]. Equalizer adaptation is required to maintain signal integrity in time-varying channel and circuit conditions. Robust adaptation algorithms suitable for discrete-time (DT) DFEs are well-established, but there are few examples of adaptive algorithms for IIR DFEs [2,4], each exhibiting relatively slow convergence, additional high-bandwidth hardware and/or requiring the input data statistics to meet specific criteria. In this work, a 16Gb/s IIR DFE is integrated into a CDR, and the adaptation algorithm makes use of signals available in a regular binary phase detector (PD) to simultaneously adapt the IIR and DT taps. The novel algorithm provides faster and more robust convergence than has been previously demonstrated for IIR DFEs.


The purpose of this paper is to present approximate expressions for the AVO and amplitude-variation-with-frequency (i.e., AVF) behaviour of reflections from an anelastic target. We extend previous work to allow for P, S, and converted wave data to be analysed. By altering the Zoeppritz equations to incorporate a nearly constant Q model in the target medium, and linearizing, approximate forms for PP, PS and SS reflection coefficients with corrections for anelasticity are derived. Inversion of these data is straightforward, with the PS and SS modes preferentially useful for computing QS, and the PP mode preferentially useful for computing QP. We find that reciprocal QP and QS are proportional to the reflection coefficients' frequency rate of change.


Resource allocation and leveling are among the top challenges in project management, due to the complexity of projects. The main objective of this project is to optimize the schedule of construction project activities in order to minimize the total cost with resource constraints using Genetic Algorithm (GA optimization technique). This work describes a genetic algorithm approach to Resource Constraint Project Scheduling Problems (RCPSP) in construction industry. The GA procedure searches for an optimum set of tasks and priorities that produce shorter project duration and better-leveled resource profiles using Evolver software. Major advantage of the procedure is its simple applicability within commercial project management software systems to improve the performance.


At low temperatures a detailed study of the emission and reflection spectra of HgI2 crystals in the region of the ground state n = 1(Γ−Γ) exciton resonance has been carried out. It is found that the shape of the resonant exciton emission spectra in allowed and forbidden polarizations E ⊥ cand E ‖, and the relative positions of the emission and reflection spectra are similar to that in many direct gap semiconductors with the high oscillator strength of n = 1 exciton transition. The emission and reflection spectra of the HgI2 crystals are correlated with the energy structure of the exciton resonance using the polariton model. The interrelation between the resonant exciton emission and the exciton absorption is discussed. The polariton dispersion curves in the region of the n =1 exciton resonance in HgI2 crystals are calculated on the basis of experimental data.

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A 3D obstacle detection method based on lidar and camera fusion was studied for the safety and autonomy of unmanned ground vehicles. Traditional 3D object detection methods usually rely on a single sensor, such as directly segmenting an object on point cloud or image. We present a method combining lidar and camera by projecting the lidar points onto the camera and fusing the image information of the neighborhood, then a high-resolution depth map is formed based on the accelerated high-dimensional filtering method. By detecting obstacles on the depth map instead of directly acting on the point cloud, the speed of obstacle clustering is increased. And the detection accuracy is improved due to the improvement of the resolution. We validate our results on the kitti dataset, showing the adaptability of our approach.


In manufacturing engineering the surface finish of a machined component is of fundamental importance in order to ensure its performance. A non-contact and non-destructive device based on optical technique, is a promising alternative to stylus based device for carrying out measurement of surface quality. In addition to this, in situ monitoring of surface roughness on a workpiece is an important requirement in modern machining process, since it would increase on-line machining rate and consequently productivity. Here, measurement approaches and system configuration for surface roughness measurement using laser speckle intensity and contrast are discussed. The technique would allow full-field measurement over sample of interest having both rough and shiny surface properties. Measurement data on standard calibration plates is presented with details on the measurement accuracy and reliability.


Based on artificial neural network (ANN) and extracted characters of dead fish in polluted piscatorial waters, an identifiable model of toxicant type bringing on dead fish is presented in the paper. There are eighteen nerve cells in input-layer, nine nerve cells in middle-layer and one nerve cell in output-layer of the artificial neural network. Network parameters were optimized. Results show that any pollution to deaths can judge death causes by simple addition and multiplication operations using trained B - P artificial neural network, so this method has high applicability and practicability.


Test suite reduction is necessary to reduce the testing cost and increase efficiency, therefore, test suite reduction model is proposed, and test suite reduction problem is converted into a standard optimization problem. Additionally, an improved e volutionary algorithm is also proposed, which encodes the chromosome with quantum bit as its basic information bit. It achieves the individual evolution by improving the quantum rotating gates using adaptive rotation, and its convergence speed and global optimization ability is superior to the traditional evolutionary algorithm. Motivated by this, we propose a novel test suite reduction method using quantum evolutionary. Finally, experiments validate the technology with higher efficiency.


PURPOSE: To provide a method for manufacturing a fully optical vertical struc ture quantization well constituting element matrix. CONSTITUTION: In this method, half structure constituted of an active area 3 partially coated with a self-alignment mask 4 provided with a lower mirror 2 and a negative layer 7 having thickness regulated by a Bragg's condition in working wavelength is capsuled. The capsuled half structure is heat-treated to induce alloy mutual diffusion 9 on a non-coated part in the active area and coated with single or plural negative and positive layers 10, 11 to complete an upper Bragg mirror.


These guidelines serve to improve professional employee satisfaction through mutual understanding with the employer. The manual is divided into four sections: (1) guidelines to professional employment — revised 1978, (2) professional grade descriptions — adopted 1975, (3) recommended salary ranges — revised 1975, and (4) recommended benefits — revised 1979. Section one covers recruitment, employment, professional development, and termination and transfer. The professional grade descriptions are divided into nine levels, ranging from junior engineer to firm partner; federal G. S. equivalents are supplied. Recommended salaries are determined as the product of a base entrance salary times an appropriate salary multiple. Benifits excluding overtime amount to an average of 36.5% of base payroll. The benefits explored include: vacation, sick leave, deferred profit sharing, professional dues, insurance, education and separation allowance. This manual was prepared by the ASCE Committee on Employment Conditions, and it is No. 55 in the ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice series.


The Indonesian government decided to increase the excise tax on tobacco products by 23% starting January 1, 2020. The performance of cigarette manufacturers was affected by government policies that increased cigarette excise or tobacco product excise which had an impact on the growth of cigarette issuers' income. This study aims to analyze the impact of the increase in cigarette excise on net income at PT. Gudang Garam Tbk. This type of research in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The results of this research show that the increase in cigarette excise has an effect on net income at PT. Gudang Garam Tbk. PT Gudang Garam Tbk's Profit and Loss Report shows an increase in all aspects, both sales, gross profit and net income even though the government policy regarding the increase in cigarette excise rates has been implemented as of January 1, 2020. This reflects that PT Gudang Garam has implemented a good strategy in maintaining profitability of the company. Business of PT. Gudang Garam Tbk, is still supported by sales of the machine-made kretek cigarette (SKM) segment, which contributed 91.25 percent to the company's revenue.


A series of gaseous miscible displacement experiments were conducted to estimate specific air-water interfacial areas (a{sub i}) and water contents in an unsaturated sand column. A straight-chain hydrocarbon (h-decane) was used as the gaseous interfacial tracer and methylene chloride and chloroform were used as the water-partitioning gaseous tracers. A gas chromatographic technique was employed for the tracer experiments conducted at room temperature using nitrogen as the mobile phase and water as the immobile liquid. Tracer experiments covered a water saturation (S{sub w}) range of 1.5 to 56%. The largest a{sub i} value, measured at the lowest S{sub w} (1.5%), was somewhat smaller than the solid surface area as determined using the nitrogen-sorption technique. As S{sub w} increased, a{sub i} values decreased exponentially to {approximately}80 cm{sup 2} cm{sup {minus}3} at S{sub w} of 56%. Within a limited S{sub w} range (0.29 < S{sub w} < 0.55), where both aqueous and gaseous interfacial tracer data were measured, the a{sub i} values measured using a gaseous tracer (n-decane) were 2 to 3 times larger than those measured in a previous study using an aqueous interfacial tracer (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate [SDBS]). The velocity of the air-water interface was estimated to be between 23 andmore » 36% of the bulk pore-water velocity. The water contents measured using water-partitioning tracers were within {+-}5% of those based on gravimetric measurements.« less


The laser welding is one of the advance and active technique in present manufacturing.Plasma flare induced in laser welding is an important physical phenomena accompanied with laser keyhole welding.This paper introduced a new way of analyzing and processing the plasma optical signal by means of the image processing.The results show that the quantitative analyzing for the plasma optical image signal is an effective method to monitor and control weld penetration in laser welding.


. We consider an initial mixed-boundary value problem for anisotropic fractional type degenerate parabolic equations posed in bounded domains. Namely, we consider that the boundary of the domain splits into two parts. In one of them, we impose a Dirichlet boundary condition and in the other part a Neumann condition. Under this mixed-boundary condition, we show the existence of solutions for measurable and bounded non-negative initial data. The nonlocal anisotropic diffusion effect relies on an inverse of a s − fractional type elliptic operator, and the solvability is proved for any s ∈ (0 , 1).


Cryopreservation is the technique of choice to store autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) and allogeneic umbilical cord blood stem cells. In contrast, donor stem cells for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) are usually collected immediately prior to transplant and


As cocatalyst component, particularly useful compounds when used as addition polymerization catalysts compounds of the And, two or more such J


, there is no speciÞc evidenceto refute the link between prawn consumption, LDL-cholesterol and CHD risk. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects ofcold-water prawns on lipoproteins, in particular small, dense LDL (sdLDL), VLDL and HDL, in a randomly-controlled dietary inter-vention trial in healthy male volunteers. Prawns (200g) contain dietary cholesterol equivalent to a large egg yolk and approximately 1glong-chain n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, a level that has been shown to favourably insuence serum lipids.Healthy male volunteers, ( n 18; 20Ð65 years) were recruited from existing subject databases held at the University of Surrey. Allsubjects were normolipidaemic (total cholesterol < 6.5m


The effects of various factors such as components, emulsifying conditions and spray drying conditions on the quality of phospholipid microencapsulation were investigated. On the base of single parameters' experimental analysis, the condition of spray drying was determined, namely, the inlet air temperature 160℃, the feed temperature 45℃, the flow rate 20mL?min?1, the outlet air temperature 114℃ and solid content 25%~30%. In order to determine the optimum condition for higher microencapsulation efficiency, orthogonal experimental design method was applied. The results reveal the optimized conditions as follows: the mass ratio between maltodextrin and gelatin is 3.5:1, shear time is 12min, shear speed is 5500r?min?1 and inlet air temperature is 160℃. Under the optimized conditions, microencapsulating efficiency attains 68%, moisture absorption of phospholipid microencapsulation decreases obviously compared with the uncapsulated phospholipid.


In this article, the authors empirically test the notion that as the mean price of durables increases, the degree of dispersion also increases. This effect holds even when they specifically consider variables such as the number of competitors and store quality. The authors suggest that an individual-level perceptual mechanism, the psychophysics of price, at the aggregate level helps explain continued price dispersion on the Web. These results are contrary to predictions from standard economic theory, which suggest that readily available price information will result in increased price competition and lower price dispersion. Two studies consistently demonstrate that as the mean price of an item increases, price dispersion also increases. These results provide evidence that, contrary to general economic expectations, the Internet has not commoditized products. Retailers and managers need to pay attention to Internet information but not be fearful of its impact on their pricing strategies.


We present the case of an adolescent with Hodgkin's Lymphoma, who developed symptoms of psychosis and mania during his treatment. Psychiatric side-effects of corticosteroids in the adult population have long been recognized and documented. A wide range of mental status changes have been reported (Francois Sirois, 2003). However, case reports documenting psychosis or mania related to corticosteroid use in children are rare. Psychotic symptoms developing during the treatment of asthma have been described, sometimes with mood disorder symptoms (French et al, 2003, Couturier et al, 2001, and Dawson and Carter, 1998). Beshay and Pumariega (1998) presented the case of a boy treated for ulcerative colitis, who developed depressive and psychotic symptoms. There are also published cases of adolescents with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia developing psychotic symptoms during treatment with corticosteroids (Ducore et al, 1983, Kramer and Cottingham, 1999, Sutor et al, 1996).

Our case adds to the literature involving steroid-induced psychosis and mania in an adolescent with cancer.


To the Editor: Ioannidis and Boyack discussed misuse of and gaming mechanisms for citation metrics in the publication records of scientists.1 Studies have suggested some other limitations regarding citationbased bibliometric indices in the evaluation of articles2 or journals.3 A recent study showed the confounding effect of highly cited items on impact factor calculation.3 Previously, we measured a considerable effect for a series of highly cited articles affiliated with the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluations (IHME; University of Washington, Seattle) on the impact factor of The Lancet.4 Here, we evaluate the impact of these articles on the researchers' quantitative bibliometric indices.


Dimitrov and Jain examine whether changes in leverage are associated with firm performance after controlling for growth in assets and accounting earnings. They find that firms with increases (decreases) in leverage have negative (positive) current and future stock returns and negative (positive) accounting performance in future periods. By providing new evidence on the relation between debt financing and firm performance, the study extends prior research on the economic implications of firms' financing choices. I examine potential measurement problems associated with the authors' empirical construct for changes in leverage. These problems stem from the use of accounting book values of assets and liabilities in the measurement of leverage and the endogeneity of firms' decisions to change leverage levels. I comment on the unusual characteristics of firms with extreme changes in leverage and their possible effect on the authors' results and inferences. I also discuss issues involved in interpreting the authors' results, particularly the plausibility of alternative explanations suggested by prior research. Lastly, I identify several questions raised by this study that can be examined in future research.


Mikolajewska Emilia, Mikolajewski Dariusz. Interactive motion-controlled games in the neurorehabilitation of adult post-stroke patients. Journal of Education , Health and Sport . 2015;5(8): 311 - 317 . ISSN 2391-8306 . DOI 10.5281/zenodo.28856 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28856 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%288%29%3A311-317 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/611577 POL - index https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/polindex/browse/article/article-8153ebff-7978-415b-bb64-bd4f39919506 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartośc merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., ze w roku 2014 nie bedzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktow co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.07.2015. Revised 21.08.2015. Accepted: 21.08.2015. Interactive motion-controlled games in the neurorehabilitation of adult post-stroke patients Emilia Mikolajewska 1,2,3 , Dariusz Mikolajewski 3,4,5 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland 2 Rehabilitation Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland 3 Neurocognitive Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland 4 Institute of Mechanics and Applied Computer Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland 5 Department of Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland Corresponding author: Emilia Mikolajewska Rehabilitation Clinic Military Clinical Hospital No. 10 and Polyclinic Bydgoszcz, Poland e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com www: http://emikolajewska.netstrefa.eu Keywords: neurorehabilitation; physiotherapy; stroke; neurological deficit; therapeutic game. Abstract Despite efforts of scientists and clinicians stroke still constitutes one of the major causes of disability worldwide. Motion-controlled video games become increasingly common adjunct to the traditional physical therapy. Such games are usually available, low-cost, fun, and functional ways to increase everyday treatment possibilities, both in hospital, ambulatory and home settings. Research and scientific publications concerning this issue are still rare. Assessment how interactive motion-controlled games can be incorporated into current guidelines of the eclectic approach within neurorehabilitation of adult post-stroke survivors is key issue within contemporary neurorehabilitation of adults. Complementary use of such games may constitute another breakthrough both in in-patient and out-patient rehabilitation and care. This review aims at potential of aforementioned solutions and modalities for the rehabilitation of function in cases of stroke.


This editorial refers to 'Lack of protective role of HDL-C cholesterol in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting'[†][1], by E. Angeloni et al. , on page 3557 and 'High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, angiographic coronary artery disease, and cardiovascular mortality'[‡][2], by G. Silbernagel et al. , on page 3563

Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr HydeRobert Louis Stevenson 1886 Epidemiological data that showed the inverse relationship between HDL- cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and coronary heart disease (CHD) events led to the labelling of HDL-C as the 'Good Cholesterol'.1 Recent analyses have provided conflicting results regarding whether the inverse relationship between HDL-C and CHD risk is retained in statin-treated patients with low LDL-C levels; some studies showing persistence of this relationship2 whereas others failed to show such a relationship.3,4 Although epidemiological associations do not necessarily imply causality, the known biological functions of HDL and its constituents in vitro and in vivo ( Figure 1 ), as well as the vascular benefits of direct administration or overexpression of HDL-related proteins, specifically Apo A-I, have supported such a causality.5 Despite these seemingly concordant data, the notion that higher HDL-C is better has been turned upside down by the results from several clinical trials, seriously challenging the conventional dogma or the so-called HDL hypothesis.4,6−8 These trials have failed to show CHD or mortality benefits from raising HDL-C levels by inhibiting cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), using two different compounds (torcetrapib and dalcetrapib)4,6 or by using extended release niacin (ER-niacin) with or without a flushing inhibitor [niaspan and niaspan–laropiprant combination (tredaptive)].7,8 In fact, increased cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular death rates observed with torcetrapib suggested actual harm which was attributed, in part, to activation of the aldosterone pathway and increase in …

 [1]: #fn-3
 [2]: #fn-4


Nitrogen fixation has become a focus in the study of the marine nitrogen cycle during the past decade.Nitrogen fixation provides nitrogen to the ocean and affects the budget balance of the marine nitrogen pool,thereby regulating marine primary productivity.In addition,nitrogen fixation is closely related to POC export and the sequestration of atmospheric CO2.Many marine nitrogen fixation studies have been conducted in the last 30 years,and it is generally accepted that the global nitrogen fixation rate ranges from 100~200 Tg/a.A 15N2 tracer assay and acetylene reduction assay were found to be the most important methods for the direct measurement of nitrogen fixation rate,while the nitrate anomaly method,15N isotope balance method,and remote sensing played key roles in estimating the nitrogen fixation rate.Trichodesmium used to be considered the most important nitrogen fixer,while the discovery of diazotrophic picoplankton and nanoplankton revealed that previously published global nitrogen fixation rates may be underestimated.Studies of the nutrient limit of nitrogen fixation generally focused on Fe and P;however,it is still not clear to what extent these two elements limit nitrogen fixation in the ocean.Nitrogen fixation studies in China's marginal seas remain scarce,although a few studies showed that Trichodesmium-based nitrogen fixation was low except in the Kuroshio area.Overall,the results of this study indicate that more field studies must be conducted on a large spatial and temporal scale to obtain nitrogen fixation rates and the species of nitrogen fixing microorganisms.The ultimate controls on marine nitrogen fixation should be clearly identified.In addition,the flow of newly fixed nitrogen must be tracked to provide useful information for marine nitrogen cycle.


Butt-coupled lateral SAM structure waveguide Ge-APDs based on Si photonics technology were fabricated and evaluated. The excellent responsivity exceeding 20 A/W independent of polarization at the wavelength of 1600nm was experimentally demonstrated for TWDM-PON applications.


This research was conducted at the Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB) University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze what factors and what factors dominantly motivate students of the Faculty of Economics and Business University of Muhammadiyah Malang in deciding to follow student organizations or not. Determination of research subjects using purposive sampling method and using the subject of student research that is active in student organizations.This study uses qualitative methods in data collection and data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the factors underlying the reason students of the Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB) University of Muhammadiyah Malang in following the organization can be grouped into two parts namely Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation. intrinsic factors consisting of needs, expectations, interests, aspirations, aspirations, talents, intelligence, perceptions, and extrinsic motivations consisting of family environment, learning environment, and community environment. of these factors are the most dominant intrinsic factors affecting students in making decisions into a student organization.


Filtering of signals is of primary importance in signal processing. The design of filters to perform signal estimation is a problem that freeze up in the design of communication systems, control systems, in geophysics & in many other applications & disciplines. Optimum filters are used for linear prediction. In this paper, neural networks have been trained to predict a signal using the past signal samples. It is found that neural networks such as multiplayer perceptron, general feed forward, modular neural network, etc., comprising of three hidden layers with a linear transfer function elegantly filters various signals under consideration.


Connected vehicles can benefit from sharing and merging their observations to develop a more complete understanding of the traffic scene and track traffic participants behind obstructions. Although vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) communications provide a channel for point cloud data sharing, it is challenging to align point clouds from two vehicles with state-of-the-art techniques due to localization errors, visual obstructions, and differences in perspective. Therefore, we propose a two-phase point cloud registration mechanism to fuse point clouds which focuses on key objects in the scene where the point clouds are most similar and infer the transformation from those. Our system first identifies co-visible objects between vehicle views based on hyper-graph matching using multiple similarity metrics, and then refines the overlap region between co-visible objects across the views for point cloud registration. The system is evaluated based on both experimental and simulation data, which shows tremendous performance improvement when combing with state-of-art baselines.


This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 211759, "Safer and Faster Drilling Through AI-Driven Permanent Cuttings Monitoring: An Operator's Approach," by Georg Ripperger, SPE, and Jörg Peisker, OMV, and Patrick Oberschmidleitner, Montanuniversität Leoben, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

 The project outlined in the complete paper demonstrates the feasibility of using deep-learning and machine-learning (ML) approaches to introduce camera-based solids monitoring to the drilling industry. Despite a short development time, the project proved that it was possible to recognize cuttings, cavings, and anomalies in the solids output using proprietary ML models and regular off-the-shelf hardware.

 Several technologies, such as 2D vision, stereo vision, structured light, or time-of-flight, can be used to detect objects such as drill cuttings on a shale shaker. Depending on the physics behind them, these techniques can recognize individual objects and their dimensions or generate depth maps by measuring the physical distance between the sensor and a defined point on the image.
 Single 2D vision is the simplest and most cost-effective approach but has limitations in measuring depth. Such cameras do not require any special sensors and can be directly installed close to the area of interest. The captured 2D images are usually converted into optical arrays and further segmented.
 The stereo-vision setup uses two cameras placed at a defined distance to one another. Both cameras capture an image, which is then processed by changing the resolution and filtering out the noise. The resulting depth map might require higher processing times for higher resolutions.
 Structured light makes use of predefined patterns of light to detect objects and requires active illumination of the scene. Structured-light techniques can be classified into single-shot and multishot. The multishot technique can be used for static objects and may result in more-accurate results.
 The time-of-flight technique requires only one device, which must be equipped with a light emitter (usually infrared) and a receiver. During the procedure, the object is irradiated with photons and the time that elapses until these photons are reflected is measured. For each pixel, the distance is measured and a depth map is generated. One challenge with this technique is that the sensor also responds to sunlight, which requires the isolation of the camera and the shaker to ensure reliability.

 The first point of contact for a human observer with the drilled cuttings is at the outlet of the shale shakers. At this point, the cuttings are distributed as evenly as possible and mostly free of mud. For a camera-based system, this poses the perfect opportunity to detect individual cuttings (and cavings, if present). If an algorithm can identify individual cuttings or cavings, further geometric parameters such as size and shape can be analyzed. A training data set of video footage filmed in different conditions is divided into subsets used for training, verification, and testing of ML models. As outlined in Fig. 1, the procedure consists of taking video footage from the shale shaker, followed by the extraction of video frames and preprocessing. The data are then fed into the ML algorithm, where the model is trained. After sufficient training, such a model can detect and analyze cuttings and cavings in real time.


Thin films of CdO and 9% Mg doped CdO doped have been prepared using spray pyrolysis technique. Transmission and absorption spectra were recorded in order to estimate these films. The deposited thin films were exposed to γ - rays. We have studied the transmission, absorptions and absorption coefficient as a function of photon energy before and after irradiation. The optical constants such as: reflectance, extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant and the electrical conductivity were calculated also.


As research on retention for working women matures, it is necessary to identify particular factors that influence work satisfaction for women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This study collected data on 249 women who had worked 11.51 years on average in STEM. To investigate retention, we modeled the relationship between perfectionism, depression, and stigma consciousness on work engagement and intention-to-leave one's job using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Depression, stigma consciousness, and perceived lack of comparable pay positively predicted greater intent to leave one's job, with a perfectionistic mind-set representing a nonsignificant predictor. In terms of reported work engagement, depression, perfectionistic discrepancy, and stigma consciousness were significant negative predictors, while having perfectionistic high standards positively predicted work engagement. For work engagement, lack of comparable pay was a nonsignificant predictor. Implications and future directions for culturally responsive and intersectional research on the psychological and occupational functioning of STEM women are discussed.


This paper describes the design of a post-graduate program in Information Technology (IT) Technopreneurship that blends practice with theory with the primary objective of producing successful graduate IT technopreneurs. The program is designed based on close partnership between the university, the industry, and the government to ensure young and intelligent IT enthusiasts to obtain the necessary entrepreneurship knowledge and skills as well as to provide initial seed capital and adequate funding for start-offs. With the close industry linkage, business opportunities will be made available for the young technopreneuer to gain experience and exposure in the
real-life environment as well as fulfilling part of the industry's social obligation and support. The duration of the program is four semesters or two years leading to the Masters of Science in IT Technopreneurship. The program
consists of four components i.e.; Self Development and Competencies through specialized technopreneurship
development training, University-Industrial Linkage and intensive incubation phase to develop and commercialize
IT products, Knowledge and Skill on IT and Business through Teaching Factory and Mentoring and/or solutions using the concept of Continuous Supportive System. Candidates will be selected among those who graduated with at least a 3.0 cumulative grade point average. They will have to go through a screening process in the form of an interview and aptitude test in order to get the right participants with the right attitude, having entrepreneurship characteristics, and those who possess high motivation, perseverance and interest. Major part of the curriculum are
Core IT, Core Entrepreneurship, Experiential Learning and Development. One of the criteria for graduation is students will have to secure a total sales of not less than RM100,000.


An improved pi /4-QPSK (quadrature phase shift keying) receiver which incorporates a simple nonredundant error correction (NEC) structure is proposed for satellite and land-mobile digital broadcasting. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the pi /4-QPSK with NEC is analyzed and evaluated in fast Rician fading and an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) environment using computer simulation. It is demonstrated that with simple electronics one can improve the performance of a noncoherently detected pi /4-QPSK signal in both AWGN and fast Rician fading. When the K-factor (defined as the ratio of the average power of the multipath signal to direct path power) of the Rician channel decreases, the improvement increases. An improvement of 1.2 dB could be obtained at a BER of 10/sup -4/ in an AWGN channel. Three types of noncoherent detection schemes for pi /4-QPSK with a NEC structure are discussed: IF (intermediate frequency) band differential detection; baseband differential detection; and FM discriminator.<<ETX>>


To the Editor: W e read with great interest the article of Attiah et al.1 We congratulate the authors for the subject and for the efforts they put in this interesting study. However, we have several points, which we think are also important. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) technique varies from center to center, and this is largely related to the cumulative experience of the surgeons. We agree with the authors that there is lack of standardization of the technique. It is well-known that RYGBP works by at least 3 known mechanisms, one of which is restriction. As such, there would be an effect on the excess weight loss EWL,


In process of studing the relationship between HLA and rejection in renal transplantation, it has been discovered that proper HLA matching between donors and recipient can reduce graft rejection. HLA antigen include HLA class I(A,B,C) and HLA class Ⅱ (DR, DP, DQ), the different antigens of different locus have a variety of effects. Good HLA matching will improve the survival of kidney absolutely. The importance of different HLA locus is DRBAC. Good HLA matching plays an important role in reducing the incidence of acute rejection and in improving the survival of grafts, particularly for recipient having high PRA.


Incremental association rules mining is an important content of data mining technology.This study proposes a new algorithm,called the Classifying Update Frequent Itemsets Algorithm(CUFIA) for efficiently incrementally mining association rules from large transaction database.Rather than rescanning the original database for some new generated frequent itemsets,CUFIA partitions the incremental database logically according to unit time interval,then accumulates the occurrence counts of new generated frequent itemsets and deletes infrequent itemsets obviously by backward method.Besides,it divides these frequent itemsets into three categories.Thus CUFIA can discover new frequent itemsets more efficiently and need rescan the original database only once to get overall frequent itemsets in the final database if necessary.CUFIA has good scalability in our simulation.