The aim of the ill-fated 1922 Congress of Paris, an international conference organized by André Breton, was to diagnose the sources of the "modern spirit." Although the congress had ambitious international goals, it was brought down by a remark with xenophobic connotations. Largely remembered today as the death knell of Paris Dada—the public fight between Tristan Tzara and Breton meant not only that the congress never took place but also that Paris Dada was dissolved—the congress's failure stemmed from the tensions involved in selfconsciously deining modernism. Arguing that ambivalence over the concept shaped the main participants' understanding of the congress, I read the congress as a concrete manifestation of the impulse to federate the arts in post-World War I France.


Objective To study the effect of tetrandrine in treating diabetic erectile dysfunction(ED) aspects of the mechanism and the effect.Method For selecting months,weight and other indicators are the same 45 healthy male rats as the object of study,they were randomly divided into normal group and diabetic group,treatment group,on the diabetic group and treatment group data,on normal rats in conventional feeding,three group rat erectile function were compared.Results The diabetic ED rat penile corpus cavernosum in MaxICP/MAP group was significantly lower than that in normal rats group(P 0.05);the treatment group of penile cavernous MaxICP/MAP is significantly higher in the diabetic group(P 0.05).Conclusion The effect of tetrandrine on diabetic erectile dysfunction treatment,it is mainly through the calcium channel blockade,to ensure that the penile erectile function in normal,and the treatment effect is relatively good,can be in clinical on the promotion.


Significance Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which are very common and essential to many biological activities, sometimes function via interaction with another IDP and form a fuzzy complex, which can be highly stable. It is unclear what the biophysical forces are that govern their thermodynamics and specificity, which are essential for de novo fuzzy complex design. Here, we explored the fuzzy complex formed between ProTα and H1, which are oppositely charged IDPs, by swapping the charges between them, generating variants that have either greater polyampholytic or polyelectrolytic nature as well as different charge patterns. Charge swapping and shuffling dramatically change the affinity of the fuzzy complex, which is contributed to by both enthalpy and entropy, where the latter is dominated by counterion release.


The mechanism of in vitro hyposensitization was examined in isolated rat mast cells. Surface distribution of immunoglobulin was examined by immunofluorescence technique. Hyposensitization could be ascribed neither to changes in the distribution of surface immunoglobulins nor to capping or shedding phenomena. The distribution of cell‐bound antigen and the number of antigen‐positive cells (patch‐bearing cells) was not changed by hyposensitization. The binding of antigen to surface Ig was quantitated by I125‐labelled antigen. In rats sensitized to two different antigens, hyposensitization of the mast cells with one of these inhibited the subsequent histamine release induced by either of the two antigens, whereas no changes were observed in the antigen binding capacity.


Ireland's Oireachtas inquiry mechanisms are generally regarded as having been hamstrung by the decision of the Supreme Court in Ardagh v Maguire. This perception of a "legal straightjacket" has been heightened by the public's reluctance to entrust politicians with investigative powers, as embodied in the loss of the thirtieth amendment vote. In this article, however, we argue that a marginalised or weak parliamentary inquiry mechanism is not an inevitable consequence of the Ardagh decision. We analyse the manner in which the Houses of the Oireachtas (Inquiries, Privileges and Procedures) Act 2013 has produced a self-imposed restrictive inquiry structure oversensitive to possible litigation. Reflecting on the operation of the Banking Inquiry, we trace how inquiry design is unduly shaped by the "chilling effects" of litigation rather than other variables. We argue that the Banking Inquiry experience stands as an object lesson as to the importance of developing clear terms of reference which match the qualities of parliamentary investigation to an appropriate subject matter. Overall, this article highlights that, for the Irish constitutional order, greater engagement is needed with the full range of variables which shape the creation, operation and effectiveness of parliamentary review.


Objectives: Plant extracts possessing specific constituents with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, or 5α-reductase inhibitory properties are known to provide benefits against androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in men. A solid shampoo was formulated, and it contained a mixture of six different plant extracts that possess these beneficial properties against AGA. The improvement in AGA and changes in steroid concentrations were assessed after 4 months of formulated shampoo use.
Methods: This study was conducted based on a randomized, placebo-controlled, and single-blind design. Hair-related variables and hair and saliva samples were collected bi-monthly in the treatment (n=48) and placebo (n=52) groups and at a single time point in the hairy controls (n=50).
Results: The formulated shampoo was more effective on AGA than the placebo based on the hair shaft thickness and hair density in the receding hairline. The baseline hair cortisol and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations were significantly higher in the treatment and placebo groups than in the hairy controls. After 4 months, the hair steroid concentrations in the treatment group were reduced to those observed in the hairy controls, although the main effect of time on hair steroid concentrations was negligible in the placebo group. Salivary cortisol and DHT levels during the post-awakening period were comparable among the groups or assessment time points.
Conclusion: The constituents of plant extracts included in the formulated shampoo would prevent hair loss, increase hair growth effects, and reduce hair cortisol and DHT concentrations without changes in the post-awakening salivary steroid levels in men with AGA.


Sorting is one of the fundamental issues in computer science. Sorting problem gain more popularity, as efficient sorting is more important to optimize other algorithms e.g. searching algorithms. A number of sorting algorithms has been proposed with different constraints e.g. number of iterations (inner loop, outer loop), complexity, and CPU consuming problem. This paper presents a comparison of different sorting algorithms ( Sort, Optimized Sort, Selection Sort, Quick Sort, and Merge Sort) with different data sets (small data, medium data, and large data), with Best Case, Average Case, and worst case constraint. All six algorithms are analyzed, implemented, tested, compared and concluded that which algorithm is best for small, average, and large data sets, with all three constraints (best case, average case, and worst case).


In this paper, the authors discuss the findings of a study carried out to examine good lexical collocation in classical Malay texts. For the study, two corpora were used, namely Petua Membina Rumah and Korpus Rujukan Berita Harian. The former had 14,644 tokens and 2,080 types while the latter had 1,058,722 tokens and 39,632 types. Only 100 distributions of lexical collocations of the word 'baik' were chosen, given that such a word was most widely used in adjectival sentences. Collocation analysis was carried out using MI (Mutual Information), T score, and logDice. The findings showed such lexical collocations had metaphorical meanings based on two main categories of intensifiers, namely amplifier and downtoner. The former was made up of booster and maximizer while the latter consisted of approximator, compromisers, diminisher, and minimizer. Such findings indicate that the Malay society has a unique linguistic identity in that they converse with a good lexicon of intensifying words or intensifiers whose function is to amplify the meanings of sentences. Each variant of intensifiers of the Malay language occurs in various adverbial characters. Such a phenomenon shows that the unique adverbial intensifier of the Malay language plays an important role as an indicator to identify metaphors.


* Corresponding author. E-mail: email@example.com. The IEEE PerCom Workshop on Smart Environments (SmartE) is a forum for researchers and developers in the area of smart environments to present results and discuss ways to advance the field. SmartE is held in Mannheim, Germany, in conjunction with the 2010 PerCom conference. This workshop will focus on the theme of smart environments, in which smart homes, smart workplaces, and other spaces with which humans interact take on the role of intelligent agents. Smart environments inherently integrate ideas, tools, and expertise from a variety of disciplines. We would like to facilitate discussions between researchers with diverse perspectives in order to more greatly enhance future work in the area. As a result, we will encourage papers and attendees in the following topic areas:


The wavelength of a semiconductor laser diode (LD) is modulated using the self-mixing effect to create the undulation wave. In order to determine the direction of a moving target, the number of undulations is added to the undulations of detected Doppler frequency shift. These modulated undulations are generated through the difference between the rising and falling counts of a triangular modulated current waveform of LD. A theoretical model is proposed to relate the wavelength modulation and current modulation of LD to predict the number of undulations so that the direction of a moving target can be determined.


Background: Several health problems may be occurred due to consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated foods and feeds. The maize and oilseeds, as the main components of poultry feeds are susceptible to mould contamination and mycotoxin production. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of toxigenic Aspergillus spp. in poultry feeds from Ilaro, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 60 poultry feed samples were collected from five (A-E) feed millers in Ilaro, Nigeria. The feeds were classified into four groups, including broiler super starter, broiler starter, boiler grower mash, and broiler finisher mash. Moulds were isolated by spread plate technique and were identified using the conventional morphological method. The toxigenic potentials of the isolates were determined by ammonia vapor test. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20. Results: The results showed that all feed samples (100%) were contaminated with Aspergillus spp. Out of 93 Aspergillus spp. isolates, A. flavus (40 of 93) had the most prevalence, while A. parasiticus (8 of 93) was the least. Totally, 15 out of 93 (16.1%) Aspergillus spp. strains showed toxin production potentials. Conclusion: The presence of toxigenic Aspergillus in the feed leads to the secretion of hazardous toxins especially aflatoxins which can contaminate poultry meat endangering food chain. Consequently, there is an urgent need to create more awareness on the health implications of feeding poultry with mycotoxins-contaminated feeds in this region of Nigeria. © 2018, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


In this study, we assess the diamond exploration potential of the northern East European Platform based on aeromagnetic survey results and the morphologic and geochemical analysis of 1513 grains of kimberlite indicator minerals (KIMs), such as purple pyrope garnet, olivine, and Cr-diopside. These minerals were recovered from samples collected from modern river and stream sediments in four areas located in the north-eastern (within the Arkhangelsk Diamondiferous Province) and south-western (hundreds of kilometers outside of the Arkhangelsk Diamondiferous Province) parts of the Arkhangelsk region in the European part of Russia. All the studied areas are located within ancient cratons, including the Kola, Karelian, and Shenkursk cratons. Based on the major element compositions of the KIMs and thermobarometric calculations, this study confirms that the lithospheric mantle beneath the studied areas is suitable for the formation and preservation of diamonds. The high percentage of KIMs with primary magmatic grain surface morphologies is evidence of the presence of local kimberlite sources within all of the studied areas. The significant amount of diamond-associated KIMs indicates that the potential sources are diamondiferous. Hence, the results suggest that the studied areas can be recommended for further diamond prospecting activity with a high probability of discovering new diamondiferous kimberlites.


This thesis presents a detailed analysis of planar motion mechanism model test data in various ice conditions. A comprehensive literature investigation on ship maneuverability in ice was performed. The main focus of this work is better understanding of the effects of different ice conditions on ship maneuverability and information for an effective and accurate mathematical model for estimating ship maneuverability in ice. Because of high forces and high accelerations in icebreaking operation, the data are complex. A complete procedure for the analysis of the raw test data, including wavelet transform and neural network calculation, was developed. A ship turning radius predictor based on the data gives internally consistent results. The proposals for further research, to achieve a more accurate model, are provided.


In recent years, there has been significant momentum in applying deep learning (DL) to machine health monitoring (MHM). It has been widely claimed that DL methodologies are superior to more traditional techniques in this area. This paper aims to investigate this claim by analysing a real-world dataset of helicopter sensor faults provided by Airbus. Specifically, we will address the problem of machine sensor health unsupervised classification. In a 2019 worldwide competition hosted by Airbus, Fujitsu Systems Europe (FSE) won first prize by achieving an F1-score of 93% using a DL model based on generative adversarial networks (GAN). In another comprehensive study, various modified and existing image encoding methods were compared for the convolutional auto-encoder (CAE) model. The best classification result was achieved using the scalogram as the image encoding method, with an F1-score of 91%. In this paper, we use these two studies as benchmarks to compare with basic statistical analysis methods and the one-class supporting vector machine (SVM). Our comparative study demonstrates that while DL-based techniques have great potential, they are not always superior to traditional methods. We therefore recommend that all future published studies of applying DL methods to MHM include appropriately selected traditional reference methods, wherever possible.


Sm,-Through the courtesy of Dr. D. A. Sutton of the National Chemical Research Laboratory, Pretoria, we have had an opportunity of examining several pure crystalline compounds recently isolated from species of Cucumis by Dr. Enslinl of that laboratory. To assist others who may be interested in this field we desire to report on the toxicities and certain pharmacological properties of the substances examined. Cucurbitacin A, derived from Cucumis myriocarpus and C. leptodermis, was administered intraperitoneally to groups of five male albino mice at three dose levels (0.62, 1.25 and 2.5 mg./kg.), and groups of two female albino rats at three dose levels (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg./kg.). The estimates of the LD50 according to Karber's formula2, were found to be 1.2 mg./kg. and 2 mg.,'kg. for mice and rats respectively. Respiratory distress was observed at lethal or near lethal doses and at autopsy some rats showed evidence of acute pulmonary edema. This phenomenon was also observed in a rabbit anzesthetised with 1.8 g./kg. of urethane intravenously. A total of 6 mg./kg. given intravenously in divided doses over a three-hour period caused respiratory distress followed by death. Approximately 5 ml. of blood stained fluid was drained post-mortem from the bronchial tree. In a cat anssthetised with chloralose, 60 mg./kg. intravenously, the compound had no appreciable immediate effects on the blood pressure and respiration, when given intravenously in amounts which varied from 0.04 to 0.32 mg./kg. This cat was also given Cucurbitacin B which also had no apparent immediate effect. The animal, however, died with acute pulmonary edema after a total of 0.7 mg./kg. of Cucurbitacin A and 0.3 mg./kg. of Cucurbitacin B. A quantity of about 10 ml. of fluid was collected from the bronchial tree after death by postural drainage and compression of the chest wall. Macroscopically, the lungs were congested and a cut section exuded a pinkish fluid on pressure ; the lungs did not sink in water. Histological examination revealed engorgement of the blood vessels. Cucurbitacin B, obtained chiefly from Cucumis africanus and Lagenria leucantha was administered intraperitoneally to groups of five male albino mice at three dose levels (0.62, 1.25 and 2.5 mg./kg.). Lethal doses again caused pulmonary edema and the LD50 according to Karber's formula2 was 1 mg./kg. Cucurbitacin C , obtained from Cucumis sativus had an intraperitoneal LD50, according to Karber's formula2, of 0.8 mg./kg. in male albino mice. Five animals were used at each dose of 0.62, 1.25 and 2.5 mg./kg. Respiratory distress was again observed with lethal and near lethal doses. Groups of two female albino rats received amounts up to 4 mg./kg. without causing death but at this dose respiratory distress was present. The dihydro derivative of Cucurbitacin A was also examined and found to be considerably less toxic. Amounts up to 80 mg./kg. intraperitoneally had no apparent effect in male albino mice. Intravenous administration of doses up to 5 mg./kg. in a rabbit, anzesthetised with urethane, 1.5 g./kg. intravenously, did not apparently increase the respiratory tract secretion. A total of approximately 12 mg./kg. was given over a four and a half hour period. Due to the small quantities of the materials available and to their low solubilities, the investigations were necessarily limited. The results, however, indicate quite clearly that Cucurbitacin A, B and C are comparatively toxic compounds, lethal amounts causing acute pulmonary edema. The dihydro


Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) is one of the solid wastes resulted in palm
oil industries. In Indonesia, there are more than 6 million tons EFB is produced
every year but not be utilized yet. Based on the proximate and ultimate analysis,
EFB can produce energy approximately 17.08 MJkg-1 which may be convertible
as source of gas energy through the gasification process that is biomass
gasification using updraft gasifier. In the case of gasification performance, it is
highly dependent on characteristics of EFB such as the material size, moisture
content, settings of air capacity and material density. The study was to determine
the behavior performance of EFB gasification using 46 liter batch capacity of
updraft gasifier. The gasification process occurred at air flow rate 246.05 lpm,
366.07 lpm, 462.09 lpm, and 545.11 lpm


Laughter "punctuates" speech, occurring during pauses, at phrase boundaries, and before and after statements and questions—the places where punctuation would be placed in a transcript of a conversation. Such punctuation indicates that language is dominant over laughter in competition for the vocal tract because laughter seldom interrupts spoken phrases. The punctuation effect is shown here to extend to emoticon placement in website text messages, a nonvocal linguistic medium. As in earlier studies of speaking and manual signing, the phrase structure of language was preserved, indicating the regulation of emotional expression by a common, higher-order linguistic process.


This research has been funded by a FPU (Formacion de Profesorado Universitario) contract, ref. FPU16/02032, awarded to Carlos Manuel Hidalgo Ternero by the Ministerio de Educacion, Ciencia y Deporte (Spanish Ministry of Education, Science and Sport). Furthermore, this publication has been carried out within the framework of the thematic network TRAJUTEC and the teaching network "TACTRAD: aplicacion de nuevas herramientas TAC para la ensenanza-aprendizaje de la traduccion especializada" (ref. 719/2018) coordinated by the University of Malaga, as well as the research projects Interpreta 2.0 (PIE 17-015, type B), VIP (FFI2016-75831-P) and TERMITUR (HUM2754).


In our day to day lives technology is having an important impact; we expect to be able to do many activities online that in the past would have been inconceivable, and mobile devices are increasingly part of the way we live. Maybe it is, therefore, a realistic expectation that technology would have a similar seismic shift in nursing practice and healthcare systems. What is more problematic is how we professionally evaluate the impact of information technology on the way nurses work and the care they offer. Technology in itself rarely affects a change; it is the associated human and organisational behaviours that have the potential to improve safety, reduce costs and improve efficiency, and yet it appears we struggle to measure and demonstrate the effect. The call for systematic robust evaluation of technology and its impact in health is recognised, yet we still have little high quality evidence relating to nursing. When nurses adopt a new technology there is a need to use theoretical models to help guide the choice of approach, the methods used and the benefits identified. Evaluating health technology and nursing is complex; technology interacts with multiple complex nursing practices, which themselves are affected by numerous factors, and it is possible that usual approaches to research may fail to evaluate adequately the impact of the change (Takian et al., 2012). Other commentators have identified the need for multi-perspective evaluations that integrate qualitative and quantitative methods and take a more longitudinal approach (Catwell and Sheikh, 2009; Lilford et al., 2009). It is also the case that that evaluation needs to be able to keep pace with the fast developments we observe in technology; we do not have the time to wait for long studies in which the results may take years to emerge. Lilford et al. (2009) argue that we need to consider both formative research assessments, in which research provides timely feedback throughout the deployment of information technology, and summative assessments that provide generalisable knowledge that informs others beyond the project under study. In both circumstances the research needs to be robust and of high quality. Involving nursing in both the design and evaluation of technology has to be the approach taken. Burnes Bolton et al. (2008) established that involving nurses in making decisions about how technology can enable them to identify workflow inefficiencies and


The paper is focused on the field of the detection of antisocial behavior in online communities. Within this field, the problem of an assigning of an author to an unknown suspicious document was solved. This problem solving supposes that a set of short informal documents posts of a set of known authors of the troll type are at disposal. Presented method of authorship attribution is based on the recognition of special dictionary of suspicious author. The designed method was implemented. It can be used to select the most probable author of toxic posts. The paper describes also tests of the designed method effectivity on short documents and a comparison with related works.


Solution Our recommendation is an eight-unit multi-effect evaporation desalination plant run by parabolic trough panels. The plant would be able to generate 250,000 m3 of water a day. For that amount of water to be desalinated, the plant would need approximately 3,500 MW; 1,280 parabolic trough panels would satisfy this. We also created an easy to understand comparison of what we believe are the top two in each category as well as cost comparisons because Libya's needs and resources may be different in the future, so the right combination may need to be reevaluated.


Reasons to adopt Corporate Social Responsibility reporting by leather tanning companies must primarily be sought in the specific nature of the industry, where leather is a material from renewable sources, however part of its manufacture process might pose one of the gravest environmental hazards in the world. The tanning industry appears, therefore, as a sector compiling CSR reports expected to confirm its environment-friendly actions. The purpose of this research is to examine and understand CSR roles and diffusion in the small and medium enterprises of the leather tanning industry in Catalonia (Spain), especially in relation with the adoption of other management systems. It identifies the most distinguished CSR practices, procedures and metrics and the profiles of companies more prone to adopt them. We used a qualitative approach to fulfill this aim. Results show that leather companies are familiar with CSR practices, but there is further scope for improvement in terms of formalization of CSR procedures and measurement systems. Results show that the majority of socially responsible practices are related to environmental issues and consequently there is a relation between CSR and the application of environmental management systems. The analysis reveals that the management of CSR activities improves with the diffusion of knowledge on CSR practices.


Minute-long gravitational-wave (GW) transients are currently a little-explored
regime, mainly due to a lack of robust models. As searches for long-duration
GW transients must rely on minimal assumptions about the signal properties,
they are also sensitive to GWs emitted from unpredicted sources. The detection
of such sources offers exciting and strong potential for new science.
Because of the large parameter space covered, all-sky long-duration transient
searches require model-independant processing and fast analysis techniques. For
my PhD thesis, I integrated a set of fast cross-correlation routines in the spherical
harmonic domain (SphRad) [50] into X-pipeline [95], a targeted GW search pipeline
commonly used to search for GW counterparts of short and long duration GRBs &
core-collapse supernovae.
Spherical harmonic decomposition allows for the sky position dependancy of the
coherent analysis to be isolated from the data [40] and cached for re-use, saving
both time and processing units. Moreover, the spherical harmonic approach offers a
fundamentally different view of the data, allowing for new possibilities for rejecting
non-Gaussian background noise that could be mistaken for a GW signal.
The combined search pipeline, X-SphRad, underwent a thorough internal review
within the LIGO collaboration, which I led. The pipeline good functioning was
assessed by rigorous tests including comparing a test data set with a standard sky
grid-based analysis.
I have developed a novel pixel clustering method that does not depend on the
amplitude of potential signals. By using an edge detection algorithm, I quantify each
pixel in the spectrogram by its similarity with its neighbours then extract features
of sharply changing intensity (or 'edge'). The method has shown promising results
in preliminary tests. A simplified version of the algorithm was implemented in
X-SphRad and large-scale testings are currently being processed.
i


Previous reports have suggested that new evidence of the comparative effectiveness of different medication classes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) does not always alter treatment decisions for first‐line anti‐hypertensive therapy.


Using conversion analytic framework, this paper examines negative declarative yes/no question-answer sequences that are produced in naturally occurring English conversation. The analysis explicates various action that are implemented through a negative declarative question, such as doing an understanding check, providing a potential account, or registering and resolving an unexpectedness. The paper also illustrates the ways in which different responses are produced to different action embodied through a negative declarative question. The analysis demonstrates that a negative declarative question. The analysis demonstrates that a negative declarative yes/no question invokes different degrees of epistemic gradient between conversational speakers depending on the interactional contexts in which the question is embedded and the speakers use the declarative question-answer sequence as to achieve different interactional goals, even beyond the basic function of requesting the answerer to affirm the truth of the proposition.


This paper proposes an alternative robust observer-based linear control technique to maximize energy capture in a 4.8 MW horizontal-axis variable-speed wind turbine. The proposed strategy uses a generalized proportional integral (GPI) observer to reconstruct the aerodynamic torque in order to obtain a generator speed optimal trajectory. Then, a robust GPI observer-based controller supported by an active disturbance rejection (ADR) approach allows asymptotic tracking of the generator speed optimal trajectory. The proposed methodology controls the power coefficient, via the generator angular speed, towards an optimum point at which power coefficient is maximum. Several simulations (including an actuator fault) are performed on a 4.8 MW wind turbine benchmark model in order to validate the proposed control strategy and to compare it to a classical controller. Simulation and validation results show that the proposed control strategy is effective in terms of power capture and robustness.


Abstract Environmental relationships were investigated among three species of the Anopheles gambiae complex of mosquitoes associated with the geothermal springs located in Bwamba County, Uganda. The degree of ecological isolation between An.gambiae and An. bwambae, a sibling species known only from the geothermal springs environment, was assessed on the basis of adult distribution and abundance as well as differences in larval habitats. Field data were gathered during June 1995 without knowing which of the species were being collected. Specimens identified subsequently by rDNA‐PCR were used to interpret the ecological data. Ten of twenty aquatic sites sampled were found positive for immature stages of the An.gambiae complex.


There is a continuously developing need for benchmarking of solidification simulations - from the theoretical as well as from the applied points of view. The history of related benchmarking shows differences of the results between different numerical methods, and differences in comparison with the experiments when solving even quite simple solidification situations. The present benchmark test proposes a three dimensional version of the recently developed two dimensional solidification benchmark of the continuous casting with turbulent fluid flow and solidification with macrosegregation. The macroscopic transport equations for mass, momentum, energy, species, turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate are considered. Turbulent effects are incorporated through the solution of a low-Re turbulence model. The solidification system is treated by the mixture-continuum model, where the mushy zone is modeled as a Darcy porous media with Kozeny-Karman permeability relation and columnar solid phase moving with the casting velocity. The Fe-C binary phase diagram and the lever rule microsegregation model are used to obtain the carbon segregation in the billet. The transport equations are solved by our newly developed and efficient meshless numerical technique, based on local collocation with radial basis functions and fractional step velocity- pressure coupling. The presented results represent first simulations of a three-dimensional solidification problem by a meshless method.


Cotton stalk bark fiber (CSBF) was extracted at high temperature and under high pressure, under the condition of the alkali content of 11 wt%. Experimental results proved that the extraction yield of CSBF was 27.3 wt%, and the residual alkali concentration was 2.1 wt%. Then five kinds of modifiers including methyl methacrylate (MMA), MMA plus initiator, epoxy propane, copper ethanolamine, and silane coupling agent were chosen to modify the surface of CSBF. It was found by measuring water retention value (WRV) that these five kinds of modifiers were all effective and the silane coupling agent was best modifier among all. The optimal modifying conditions of silane coupling agent were obtained: modifier concentration was 5%, the mixing temperature was 20°C, the mixing time was 1 h, and vacuum drying time was 1 h. Under the optimal condition, the WRV of the modified CSBF was 89%. It is expected that these modified CSBF may be a filler with strengthening effect in wood plastic composites (WPC) fields.


This study proposes a theoretical model explaining the security factors that determine user intentions to choose a cloud technology service, especially on Software as a Service. By understanding the antecedents of using cloud technology software as a service, users will become more alert and careful in choosing cloud technology software as a service in the future. Knowledge of security factors in cloud technology services in the current era is fundamental and significantly impacts data and information used by anyone and anywhere. The D&M model use and data were tested through a structural equation approach and the Partial Least Square (PLS) technique with snowball sampling as a data collection technique. The study was conducted with 424 people who had previously used cloud technology software services for 12 months, of which 273 were male (64.4%), and 151 were female (35.6%). The study's conclusion revealed that the intention to use software services on cloud technology is influenced directly or indirectly by the warranty, including the License of the Software used. (License), antivirus, device usage records (Log History), then the information given to users (Notification) and access control (Access Control), as well as authenticity of user identity (Authentication User).


Before adopting universal laparoscopy and tubal surgery or performing IVF on all women with infertility, a more individualised approach is required, supported by evidence on quality of care, complication rates, successful outcome in terms of live births for all ages and patient choice. In vitro fertilisation has been strictly monitored in the last three decades; we are yet to see such monitoring applied to other forms of fertility treatment.


The evidence presented by Vroom and Winkler that 3,5-dinitro-3,5-diazapiperidinium nitrate is an intermediate compound in the conversion of hexamine dinitrate to Cyclonite has been vitiated by the ...


This work presents a functional recovery of a portable fluoroscope, which was inoperative due to damages in the video memory unit. The implemented hardware/software solution includes replacing the video memory module, implementing a controller card to activate the image acquisition process, splitting the video signal toward two displays through a graphical expansion module, and developing a software application for capturing, processing and storing the images. This solution made it possible to recover the device's operability while keeping the required functionality of its input and output peripherals, extending its storage capability, improving the software features and interface, and reducing replacement costs.


Taking riverfront landscape construction of Wojiang River and its artery landscape engineering for example,the design follows the principle of "humanistic,ecological,landscape,sharable and open",respects and understands intentions of planning in the early stage,focuses on the extraction of historical elements,explores local cultural characteristics to integrate the features into riverfront landscape construction and create urban landscapes with local cultural connotations.


A need for upscaling of sand nourishments to guarantee sustainable conditions for safety against flooding and preservation of coastal functions, combined with the need to enhance an integrated coastal zone management in the Netherlands, has initiated a number of pilot experiments. The management background and the approach leading to the pilots are illustrated. Central to the approach is a connection between large scale requirements and small scale needs, applying a concept of Building-with-Nature. The three pilots illustrate different applications; two for mega-scale nourishments and one for sand mining. Monitoring of the pilots must reveal the effectiveness of the designs; evaluation of the approach to connect large- and small scales, must indicate its wider applicability.


Near the city of Ripon, on both sides the river Ure, but more particulary on the eastern side, there are a great number of natural pits, probably fifty or sixty, the origin of which appears to be very obscure.


Starting from the regression theory of university library's electronic reading room,this paper analyzes some main factors of private university library's electronic reading room entering the regression phase,and probes into some countermeasures for private university library's electronic reading room to develop effectively the information service.


Objective: To study the clinical efficacy of arm lymphedema induced by radical operation and postoperative radiotherapy of carcinoma of breast by microwave therapy.Methods: Fifty-six breast cancer patients of arm lymphedema induced by radical operation and postoperative radiotherapy were treated with microwave.Results: Objective confirmed responses were observed in 56 patients(100%),including 36 complete responses (64.3%)and 17 partial responses( 30.4%) . The response rate of soft /moderate arm lymphedema and hard lymphedema was 100%(48/48)and 62.5%(5/8),respectively. The arm lymphedema of single postoperative of breast cancer was 100%(29/29;) ;postoperative radiotherapy cancer patients was 88.9%(24/27).There was obvious difference of response between soft/moderate and hard lymphedema(P0.01)as well as single postoperative and postoperative radiotherapy cancer patients;(P0.01). There was no any complete response case in the hard lymphedema of postoperative radiotherapy cancer patients. Conclusion: Microwave therapy can relieve the arm lymphedema of postoperative and radiotherapy of breast cancer,the more gentle of lymphedema,the more good efficacy is, postoperative radiotherapy of breast cancer with hard lymphedema got low response.


Analysis regarding nanofluid is proved to be effective in the enhancement of heat transport features. Thus, the heat transfer problems involving nanofluid has gained much significance in biomedical procedures, such as drug targeting system, treatment of cancer, biotherapy, blood diagnostic and coagulation systems, and many others. Keeping this usefulness in mind, the current attempt is presented to analyze the features of viscous dissipation in hydromagnetic nanofluid flow through stretchable surface. Thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion phenomena are implemented to demonstrate the transportation of nanoparticles. Modified diffusive theory is accounted to address the transportation of heat and mass. Suitable transformations are used to get system of dimensionless governing equations. Approximate solutions are constructed by homotopic technique. Graphical behaviors of velocity, temperature, and particles concentration are described through different parameters. Skin friction is also studied explicitly. It is found that some extra effects of Brownian and thermophoresis diffusions are appeared by implementing modified theory of fluxes. Non-dimensional thermal relaxation time parameter causes reduction in temperature distribution while decrement concentration field is observed for higher non-dimensional solutal relaxation time parameter.


In order to obtain high quality cobalt blue pigment,firstly cobalt oxalate powder was prepared using H_2C_2O_4 and(NH_4)_2C_2O_4 as precipitators via liquid precipitation process.Cobalt blue pigment was then prepared using the cobalt oxalate as raw materials via high temperature sintering method.The (influence) of particle size and composition of the raw material on the properties of cobalt blue pigment was studied.Small and uniform cobalt oxalate particles can be obtained.Cobalt blue pigment with the particle size at about 1 μm could be prepared by mixing the cobalt oxalate(46.0%) of diameter at 1.1 μm and aluminum hydroxide(54.0%) of the diameter at 10.9 μm firstly,and then the mixed batch was calcined at(1 200 °C) for 2 h.The reflectivity of the obtained powder reached as high as 68.4% at 450 nm wavelength,its R_(600) is 6.9% and ΔR equals 61.5%.


This paper studies the existence of the ARE solution and the convergence of the DRE solution for the linear system with an unobservable bias, while it is assumed that bias free system is observable and controllable. Until now, it has been believed that the sufficient condition for an optimal estimator to be stable is that the system is at least detectable. The result of this study shows that for LSUB, the ARE has infinite number of strong solutions, and the limiting solution of the DRE depends on the initial condition unlike a detectable system. It is also shown that the estimation errors are biased. The validity of these results are illustrated through a 2nd order LSUB example and an INS alignment for more real application.


A stent (100) is constituted by a wire (102), the wire (102) having a lumen (103) of the outer member (102) and partially filled lumen radiopaque core member (124) comprises in cross section . For the therapeutic substance to elute the opening being formed through the outer member (112) filled with a portion of the lumen not being radiopaque core member filled. In one method of making a stent, the member including an outer member and duplex composite wire shaped into a stent pattern. Dual core member comprises a first and a second core member, the core member is radiopaque. Processing the composite wires formed, so that the member will not be made and the second core member at the same time removing from the first core member in the lumen of the outer member adversely affected. The lumen has a portion occupied by the first core member may be filled with a substance, the substance via the opening through the outer member lumen to elute.


Comparative studies of the mechanical and oxidation properties of TiN and TiSiN films were carried out in this work. The TiSiN films were deposited on high-speed steel and silicon wafer substrates by a plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) technique using a gaseous mixture of TiCl4/SiCl4/N2/H2/Ar. The TiSi(∼7 at.-%)–N film showed an increased hardness value of ∼3400 HK (kg mm−2) in comparison with the undoped TiN film. The TiSi(∼7 at.-%)–N film also showed much improved anti-oxidation properties compared with the pure TiN film. The glass-like oxide layer on the surface of the TiSiN film was formed and retarded further oxidation of the nitride layer. These properties were also related to the microstructure of the TiSiN film, which was characterized by nanosized precipitates of silicon nitride phase in the TiN matrix and more randomly oriented grains.


Much previous work has focused on correction of OCR degraded text with little work addressing the possibility of fusing the generated text from different OCR systems, which are assumed to produce different types of errors. This paper explores text fusion, which involves the use of language modeling to determine which OCR system (if any) properly recognized individual words. The technique was applied on Arabic text that was synthetically degraded using different models of OCR degradation. The different degraded versions were consequently fused leading to a new version with significantly fewer errors than any of the original versions. Also, the effect of fusion on retrieval was examined. Index Terms – Text Fusion, OCR, Language Modeling, and Information Retrieval


(1) To determine whether deforestation has affected the incidence of species of Melipona in an area undergoing deforestation. (2) To highlight the potential use of GIS and remote‐sensed environmental variables in studies of insects as bioindicators of landscape change.


The article presents the results of the peculiarities and difficulties of the author's realia translation analysis, which create the nominative space of the unreal world of fantasy novels. The essence of the «quasi-realia» concept and their functional field within the literature of the fantasy genre is revealed. As is known, in the field of translation of fiction it is especially difficult to convey the specific units of the original text, which denote atypical, nationally and culturally marked concepts – realia that are obscure or completely unknown within the linguistic culture of the target audience. However, if some additional information and reference sources can be used for the translation of ordinary realia, in the case of author's realia, on the basis of which a completely new fantasy world is created and depicted, the translator faces a task of a double complexity – to reproduce not only the plot, style and author's intentions, but also completely build the whole onomasticon of unreal space by means of the language of translation so that it appears in the imagination of the target readership as detailed, alive and connotatively rich as it appears in the English one. In view of this, the main focus in this work is made on the definition and analysis of translation inaccuracies made in the transmission of a number of fantasy quasi-realia. The study presented in the article is based on the classification and substantiation of inaccuracies in the transfer of quasi-real lexical units in the Ukrainian translation of the world-famous series of fantasy novels «А Song of Ice and Fire» by George R.R. Martin, made by Natalia Tysovs'ka and published by the publishing house «KM-Books». The identified inaccuracies are correlated with inappropriately used translation transformations, in particular lexical and lexical-semantic changes of the original quasi-realia, the use of which led, for example, to the loss of the connotative component of original units, complicating or distorting their plan of content, superimposing real-world names on objects and phenomena of unreal space, as well as violations of the general logic and systematic transmission of quasi-realia, typical in the analyzed world.


A vinylbenzyl compound/BMI resin system with viscosity less than 1000 mPa's,long pot life more than 8 h and outstanding low-temperature curing property finished at 150~155℃was obtained by employing substituted diallylphenol derivatives as reactive diluent.The resin was particularly useful in filament winding technique.The cured resin had excellent thermal and mechanical properties,such as Tg was 261℃,its tensile and beding strnengch were 73 MPa and 133MPa separately.


This article argues that the apparent cost of subsidising UK passenger services could be doubled by the Government's requirement that all components of the former British Rail (BR) should make a return on asset values after privatisation. This demand could generate intense pressure for cuts in investment, maintenance and services, and lead to disaster for regional railways. Under privatisation, all UK infrastructure goes to Railtrack, and the BR Board itself becomes essentially a holding board for many organisations that are increasingly intended to function as independent companies. Thus its primary task is not to coordinate their activities in the interests of providing national rail services, but to sell them or franchise them as quickly as possible. On 15 February 1994, Transport Secretary John MacGregor announced charges totalling 2.2 billion pounds, that the 24 principal passenger train operating units (TOUs) must pay to Railtrack in the year beginning 1 April 1994. These amounts are much higher than the costs for track, signalling and electric power formerly debited to rail passenger operations. Because all kinds of money flows will have to be formalised in contracts, the author argues that there will be a 'money-go-round', with some TOUs having to bear excessive costs.


Abstract The paper presents fast method of identifying industrial and general use rechargeable batteries condition and defects exemplary lithium-ion cells. The proposed method is based on measuring a internal battery electrical impedance for selected frequency points and the next the results are compare with reference characteristics. Diagnostic process is performed for a few minutes when the battery is charging or discharging. So far used, the most popular methods require controlled charging and discharging cells to determine approximately of their capacity and need a long time of the diagnostic process (about few hours to over a dozen hours). The new method allows the dramatically reduction of measurement time and in effect reduces financial work costs of service. The paper shows a various setup systems with commonly use RLC impedance bridges were used in the research. The analysis of measurements allowed to determine the specific spectral function, which indicates rechargeable battery condition. Moreover, it is also possible to apply the obtain method to another electrochemical cell type.


The rationale for this Letter is to present a method which would enhance the resolution and accuracy of timing advance (TA) in 2G GSM TDMA and 3G UMTS TDD networks. The method would enable a stationary or slow-moving mobile station (MS) to determine its location using trilateration, with enhanced resolution and accuracy. An outstanding feature of the method is that the only changes required are to software. Low resolution TA samples would be processed into enhanced resolution measurements by applying fractional bit perturbations (dither) over an extended sampled measurement period. The existing TA mechanism and word length for ensuring correct MS uplink arrival times would remain unchanged. It is proposed that enhanced timing advance (ETA) could provide a low risk, low cost alternative to location finding technologies such as angle of arrival, time of arrival, enhanced observed time difference, uplink time difference of arrival and GPS, at the same time satisfying the FCC mobile E-911 accuracy requirement.


The developments in transformer construction made the basic principle of the classical differential protection not practicable, when some kind of faults are present in the transformer. Internal faults could not be detected by using differential protection. In this work an approach based on analytical redundancy is applied to the problem of detection of internal faults in the transformer. Using a nonlinear model of the transformer it is shown how faults could be effectively detected.


variation in the response to metformin has been observed in individuals with genetic variations in the genes coding for MATE1 (SLC47A1) and MATE2 (SLC47A2), which are involved in the extrusion of metformin through the urine. Whereas a greater response to metformin, with reduced levels of HbA1c, was found in association with the rs2252281 variant in the SLC47A1 gene, a reduced response to metformin was observed in patients carriers of the SLC47A2 rs12943590 polymorphism [8]. Globally, these observations indicate that genetic variants of the OCTs are important in the therapeutic efficacy of metformin, being able to contribute to the interindividual variation in metformin response. Thus, genotyping of OCT genes is useful to predict the therapeutic efficacy of metformin.


This work was supported in part by ONR Grant
N00014-95-0558. One of us (M.B.P) gratefully
acknowledges support under the PRAXIS program
as a visiting Professor at the Universidade o
Algarve and by the New Jersey Institute of
Technology under the sabbatical program. The data was collected on a portable array lent to us by the SACLANT Undersea Research Centre.


The application of unknown input fault detection observers( UIFDOs ) to the diagnosis of electronically controlled systems in automotive engines with unmeasurable load torque and random disturbances is presented in this paper. The faults in the automotive engine control systems can be reliably diagnosed by the proposed method through suitable choice of the threshold for the residual signals of the UIFDOs. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Walk down the corridors of any college in Delhi, Bangalore or any of the metros and you will definitely find advertisements calling for executives to join in the "booming ITES industry†for a bright career. Talk to any graduate and ask him what is the easiest way to gain employment in India today and chances are he/she will point towards the ITES industry. After the software boom, this is probably the biggest wave, which has taken India by storm. The IT- Enabled Services Industry (ITES), would provide million jobs by 2008. As of now ITES industry accounts for almost 20 percent of India's total software exports1. The effect of this industry is not only as far as providing direct employment to the people working in this industry but also to millions of others who are indirectly benefited by the boom in this industry. This paper firstly take a look at how the ITES industry is performing as of today and then moves on to examine how industries related to the ITES industry are being affected as a result of the boom in this segment. The segments investigated include real estate, transport, training, and recruitment. [Working Paper No. 0075]


Since the day my mother brought me to the United States from Guatemala she has told me that I am adopted. Even though I have known this since I was very young, it was not until I was four that I understood what this really meant. I was watching the popular children's show titled "Sesame Street" one day, and I remember that the episode was about one of the characters giving birth. I specifically remember that the mother had dark colored skin and so did her newborn. I immediately ran to my mother (who has white skin), and held my arm up next to her and said, "My skin is a different color than yours, why?" My mother was shocked, because she thought that I would not mention race until I was much older. At that time there were not that many adoption resources that dealt with the issues experienced by transracially adopted children. In a recent adoption newsletter I found that nowadays many adoptive parents are aware of this. For in stance, Lois Ruskai Melina observes that "A 3 year old is aware of people's color differences ... By the age of 4, those color differences are understood to have racial implications; that is; the child is aware that people with dark skin belong to a specific 'group'" (2). There are many aspects to being a transracial adoptee. For example, in certain places it is harder for me to fit in. If I go to a party with my mother, people always assume that we are not related. Sometimes I feel frustrated because I know that if I had white skin, no one would even question whether or not the woman I walked in with was my mother. To take a closer look at this and other issues related to transracial adoption, in this paper I will use various sociological theories to help me understand my search for identity. Since the day I realized I was different I have been through many obstacles, including a birth family reunion. Although it has been very difficult for me over the years, each day I get closer to a better understanding of who I am. One sociological theory that has helped me probe deeper into understanding who I am is phenomenology. "Phenomenological sociology asks us to challenge our culturally learned values and ideas by questioning our way of looking at and our way of being in the world" (Contreras 14). In the movie, The Matrix, for example, Neo, the main character, questions whether the world he has been living in is real. When he learns about the Matrix, he begins to realize that what he regarded as truth is false, and that in fact he has been living in the Matrix, a false world created by a computer program. This idea of problematizing certain things in life has led me to look further into the reasons behind some of my actions and choices. An example of this happened for me when I went to Guatemala to meet my birth mother for the first time in 17 years. Before I arrived, I was constantly trying to think of why it was that I wanted to meet this woman who was a complete stranger to me. I did not have an innate feeling to have to meet her. The only reason I could think of was because of the society I had lived in. I tried to remember all of the instances where my birth mother had been talked about. The beauty salon was a perfect example. When I was a child I remembered going to get my hair cut many times with my mother. The hairdresser would always ask me who the woman was that came in with me. I would tell her that it was my mother and they would look puzzled and ask me more personal questions. I was almost always forced to tell them that I was adopted. Then they would say things like, "So do you have a real mother? Have you ever met her? Have you ever wondered if you have other family?" I would get so angry because this stranger who was cutting my hair would get into my personal space but I would not defend myself to her face. I assumed her authority as an adult which was above me, the child, and that is why I answered her questions. What bothered me the most was that after hearing these questions, I would actually start thinking about my birth mother, just like how Neo started to question his "world" and the Matrix. …


The growth of sintered UO/sub 2/ grains between 1550 and 2100 deg C was studied. Each firing test was carried out on two specimens. one with a density of 10.3 g/cm/sup 3/ and the other with 10.5 g/cm/sup 3/. Although the activation energy was the same in both cases, the grains grew more slowly in the specimens with lower density, i.e., higher porosity. The dependence of the process on time can best be interpolated from an assumption D sigma 1/D/sup 2/ (D = mean grain diameter). The scattering of the individual values is very high, which can be explained by the nonhomogeneity of the specimens. Repetition of firing several times did not influence the results. With the progressing grain growth the number of pores decreases while their mean size increases, but only at a rate too low to halt the decrease of the pore volume as a whole. The statistical distribution of the grain size is in agreement with a logarithmic Gaussian curve, whose scatter remains about the same with increasing mean value. (auth)


The authors point out some troubling aspects of the U.S. stock market resulting from its radical transformation over the past 15 years, culminating in the Flash Crash and the unintended consequences of reforms meant to increase market competition. They propose a few very specific rule changes as remedies.


This paper mainly introduced the design and implementation of building GIS in digital Qingjiang. Both, spatial and attribute data were managed in RDBMS through spatial data engine. And spatial query and analysis were developed using Mapobjects and Visual C++. Successfully realized integration of spatial and attribute data management and high efficient spatial query.


In chapter five, From nuclear to "degenerate" war, we turn attention to criminological work produced in the aftermath of the Cold War, specifically related to nuclear warfare. In doing so, seminal work within criminology is used to provide an account of the ways in which the detonation, production, and proliferation of nuclear weapons can be considered as forms of extortion, deviance, and international state criminality. An intervention is then made in this work to suggest that if alternatively understood as a form of "degenerate war", then analytic attention would draw not only state criminality into view but, importantly, state victimisation.


Abstract Experimentation with and development of standards for electronic monographs cataloging began later than similar effort for serials. Best practices are consequently less well-established. The context in which catalogers currently work is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the single-record and the separate-record techniques for cataloging e-monographs are examined. The implications for cooperative cataloging programs are explored, from both the record creator's and the record receiver's perspectives. Possible means of generating separate records for electronic monographs from the print record are described. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service


Cryptography is commonly employed in data security, but one of the main disadvantages of the scheme would be that it attracts attention to just the perpetrator, which results throughout the exposure of the data. In order to solve these issues, digital image steganography is among the several techniques used to provide protection during data transmission. Capacity embedding and distortion are indeed the two key factors that play a key role when hiding a message in image. Therefore, this paper explores strategies consisting of two steps leading to the creation of that very stable framework with a large embedding ability. The first step determines an arbitrary image by morphing through hybrid discrete wavelet transform (HDWT) in order to produce a cover image that relies on the characteristics of both the chosen image. That second step integrates a text message of adequate duration using the transfer learning based ResNet50 architecture, integrating multi-keys and compound operators into the algorithm to provide robust protection. Simulation results shows that the proposed method resulted in superior PSNR and SSIM performance as compared to state of art approaches.Finally, the robustness and imperceptibility of the proposed method is improved, which reduced the attacks on the system.


The development and implementation of "green" technologies in the construction sector, which ensure natural resource conservation, reduce harmful emissions and provide utilization of industrial waste, are key issues in material engineering of the XXI century. Extensive research has been devoted to solving these issues, including research in the field of concrete science. Still, the issue of developing concrete compositions with increased corrosion resistance remains much less studied. At the same time, reactive aggregates from industrial waste can have positive effect on durability of concrete, and the best result can be achieved by means of modification of a concrete mixture with highly effective additives. The article presents the research data in two lines—the study of applicability of reactive aggregates from waste products of nonmetallic and ceramic industries, mineral wool production and concrete scrap for production of corrosion-resistant concretes, as well as the assessment of possibility of Portland cement quantity reduction in a concrete mixture on local raw materials due to the introduction of additives based on polycarboxylates. The article presents the research evidence of the effect of dust and clay particles content on the quality of concrete with a polycarboxylate additive. The article describes the studies of corrosion resistance of concrete samples based on production wastes in sulfate environments and under the influence of carbon dioxide. The developed concrete compositions with waste use can be recommended for widespread application, rational use of resources, and production of durable high-quality concretes. The application of additives based on polycarboxylates makes it possible to produce concretes with the reduction of cement consumption in the mixture by 10–20% and decrease in the mode of thermo-wet treatment by two times.


Communicative rationality is the key concept of Jurgen Habermas' theories of communicative action.It demands people to observe the three principles of truthfulness,correctness and veracity in their communication.But in Catch 22,people's conversations don't observe or even violate them blatantly in order to mirror the absurdity and craziness of the real world,which will be helpful to picture the theme of "black humor" and realize the artistic value of this novel.


The topic of taxonomic and biogeographically-ecological studies is presented in the case of social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae et Polistinae) of the Balkan Peninsula and the neighboring regions, as an intentionally prepared summary of the author's Ph.D. thesis (CETKOVIC, 2002). The broader context of this category of studies under local conditions, as well as topical and spatial frame of the studies, and the summary of the most important results of the analysis, are briefly presented in this paper.


Abstract– Non-destructive methods are nowadays widely used to evaluate the performance of structures and infrastructures, including pavements. In this paper, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) test is investigated for evaluation of the behavior of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixtures. The effect of different mixtures parameters, including gradation, bitumen and filler contents are studied by means of indirect computation of Elastic modulus of HMA from UPV test and its comparison with experimentally derived Stiffness modulus values from Indirect Stiffness Modulus (ITSM) test.


EDITOR—The study by Catchpole et al looked at the seroprevalence of HIV-1 infection in homosexual and bisexual men presenting with an acute sexually transmitted infection.1 Sexually transmitted infections facilitate the transmission of HIV. Herpes simplex type 2 infection and primary syphilis increase the infectivity of HIV by compromising mucosal surfaces.2 Gonococcal and chlamydial urethritis increase shedding of HIV-1 in semen, therefore increasing the risk of HIV transmission risk.3 Further studies have shown the effectiveness of antimicrobial …


Soybean is one of the leading agricultural commodities, and Brazil is currently the largest producer globally. Despite this, fungal diseases as Asian Soybean Rust (ASR) are among the primary limiters of high crop yields in Brazilian fields. Losses caused by the biotrophic fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi can reach up to 90%, depending on weather conditions, and several components can be affected during soybean growth and reproduction. Here, we assessed fungicide spraying programs to ASR control, aiming to reduce the losses on soybean components. The experiments were performed under field conditions during the harvest season 2014/2015. The evaluated variables were soybean leaf area index, ASR severity, yield components, dry mass grain accumulation, protein, and oil content. The yield components assessed were the number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, seeds per plant, and thousand-grain weight. The disease severity gradient was generated using seven fungicide spraying programs, differing in time, number, and type of fungicides. Three fungicide programs that included applications in the soybean vegetative and reproductive stages were more efficient. These programs resulted in the lower area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), greater leaf area duration (LAD), and health leaf area duration (HAD) than the untreated soybean. The ASR infection in soybean resulted in reduced LAD and HAD, and as a consequence, interfered negatively with dry matter accumulation, yield components, and grain yield.


ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of tigecycline and other antimicrobials against 51 isolates of Nocardia spp. were evaluated. MIC90s and MIC ranges were as follows: tigecycline, 4 and ≤0.06 to 8 mg/liter, respectively; minocycline, 2 and ≤0.06 to 2 mg/liter, respectively; linezolid, 1 and ≤0.06 to 2 mg/liter, respectively; moxifloxacin, 2 and ≤0.06 to >64 mg/liter, respectively; ertapenem, 32 and ≤0.06->64 mg/liter, respectively; imipenem, 2 and ≤0.06 to >64 mg/liter, respectively; meropenem, 8 and ≤0.06 to >64 mg/liter, respectively; amikacin, 1 and ≤0.06 to 32 mg/liter, respectively; and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 1/19 and ≤0.5/9.5 to >2/38 mg/liter, respectively.


Enterprise architecture (EA) has demonstrated utility for improving overall Information System (IS)/Information Technology (IT) outcomes for institutions, particularly those with large-scale or integration-related needs. To achieve the core goal of an EA — integration, alignment and governance between enterprise goals and the enterprise IS/IT portfolio — institutional vision, mission and objectives must be elicited, analysed, understood and documented by the enterprise architects. This paper proposes and evaluates a lightweight EA elicitation technique to gather the required information about enterprise mission and objectives as a lightweight entry point to developing an EA. Specifically, we investigate the evaluation results of our proposed technique in EA data elicitation and analysis stemming from a case study that was conducted on an institution with a significant IS/IT asset portfolio. Our proposed EA elicitation technique utilizes the VMOST elicitation question, a structured elicitation vehicle, and Grounded Theory Method as the qualitative analysis technique to analyse elicited responses. Application of this approach in a real case study garnered sufficient understanding the vision, mission and objectives of an enterprise to articulate objectives in a way suitable to use as institutional goal as a part of the Zachman EA framework.


Dr. Morris F. Collen credits his mother with having endowed him with an auspicious birthday: 11–12–13, one that might have put him on a track toward exceptional numeracy. But looking back from the perspective of his ninetieth birthday, that endowment certainly amounted to much, much more. We may be tempted to claim Dr. Collen for us as one of the fathers of medical informatics, but that would diminish his true phenomenal legacy. Dr. Collen is a statesmanlike leader who reshaped modern health care in a fundamental way. He is a world-class scientist, an advisor to American presidents, and a profound humanist, who started out as an exemplary clinician. Dr. Collen's qualities put him from the start in the midst of an environment rife with innovation and opportunity, and marked by other giants.


Plantar pressure measurement is an important tool for understanding foot and gait biomechanics. F-Scan is a popular device for measuring in-shoe plantar pressures; however, the validity of the F-Scan force measurements has been questioned. Therefore, a study was performed to analyze changes in plantar pressure and temperature over time. One participant was fitted with two F-Scan sensors before step calibration. Single leg standing trials were captured for each limb while the subject stood on a force plate, then the subject performed multiple trials of level ground walking. Sensor temperatures were measured immediately after each set of walking trials. This procedure was repeated every 10 minutes for 140 minutes. Total force values decreased over time, with the largest decrease in total force occurring in the first 60 minutes. Sensor temperature increased during the first hour and then leveled off. Centre of pressure trajectories were similar over 140 minutes, indicating that cell pressures change similarly over time. This study showed that F-Scan is appropriate for evaluating pressure profiles and centre of pressure shape but additional considerations are required when using total force as an outcome measure.


The study aimed to investigate the effect of the Bodypump exercise on women's' emotions and life satisfaction during the coronavirus epidemic. To achieve this, we used the quasi-experimental approach on a sample consisting of (34) untrained healthy women, divided into two groups (17) as a control group and (17) as the experimental group. Because of the home quarantine and, in order to face-to-face interaction, we used a questionnaire to measure the emotions and life satisfaction level using the Google Forms web tool. The study tool consisted of 40 paragraphs divided into 20 paragraphs for emotions and 20 paragraphs for life satisfaction. Before applying the experiment, the emotions and life satisfaction were measured among the study sample;next, the experimental group applied the Bodypump exercise programme. Also, the study results have shown that the level of life satisfaction and positive emotions among the two groups came with a low average in the pre-measurement, as well as the emotional stability domain that was the most affected in a negative way through the coronavirus epidemic. Additionally, statistically significant differences existed between the pre and post-measurement in the emotions and life satisfaction among the two groups and in favour of the experimental group. © 2021 Montenegrin Sports Academy. All rights reserved.


The microstructure and the strain fatigue dislocation substructure of 7075-RRA (Retrogression and Reaging) aluminum alloy have been studied by using transmission electron microscopy. From these, a competitive mechanism of cyclic microscopic softening/hardening is put forward to explain the relation between macroscopic cyclic stability behavior and microscopic substructure.


Based on the comparison of project management between make-to-order and develop-to-order companies,we found that the methods and flow processes of project management are almost the same in these two types of companies,but the new project introduction and material management are quite different.The comparison shows that develop-to-order companies more rely on project development management,clients' demands and marketing planning,while make-to-order companies more rely on production management,and more focus on manufacturing and cost control.


Using the research methods of video observation,expert interview,logic analysis,etc,the paper compares the actual utilization of the techniques between the international Sanda athletes at high-weight level and the high-weight level athletes of China.The research shows:At present,the technique using of major domestic Sanda athletes is basically the same.Sanda wrestling techniques gradually become stable.However,wrestling techniques has become important means of scoring in competition.Especially in near body wrestling,foreign players are more prominent.The throwing technique is basically the same.But foreign players are better than domestic players in throwing technique.


Theory of Dirichlet forms is one of the main achievements in modern probability theory. It provides a powerful connection between probabilistic and analytic potential theory. It is also an effective machinery for studying various stochastic models, especially those with non-smooth data, on fractal-like spaces or spaces of infinite dimensions. The Dirichlet form theory has numerous interactions with other areas of mathematics and sciences. This workshop brought together top experts in Dirichlet form theory and related fields as well as promising young researchers, with the common theme of developing new foundational methods and their applications to specific areas of probability. It provided a unique opportunity for the interaction between the established scholars and young researchers. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): Primary 31C25, 60J45, 60J25, 60H15, 60H30. Introduction by the Organisers The workshopDirichlet Form Theory and Its Applications, organized by Sergio Albeverio (University of Bonn, Germany), Zhen-Qing Chen (University of Washington, USA), Masatoshi Fukushima (Osaka University, Japan) and Michael Röckner (University of Bielefeld, Germany) was well attended with 52 participants with broad geographic representation from Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Korea, Romanian, Spain, Japan, UK, and USA. Women and young researchers had a strong presence among the invited participants. This workshop was a nice blend of researchers with various backgrounds, but sharing a common interests in the subject of this workshop. The workshop had 27 invited talks with 7 short communications, leaving plenty of time for discussions. To accommodate the travel 2668 Oberwolfach Report 48/2014 delay caused by the Germany train driver strike on the day of arrival for the workshop, we shifted and started the program Monday afternoon of October 20, 2014. It worked out well. Most young researchers at the workshop were invited to present their work. To create some focus for the very broad topic of the workshop, we had chosen a few areas of concentration, including (i) Theory of Dirichlet forms; (ii) Stochastic analysis and potential theory on infinite dimensional spaces; (iii) Analysis on fractals and percolation clusters; (iv) Jump type processes and non-local operators. Many talks and discussions were directly related to these themes, and covered diverse topics and areas including the following: • Fukushima decomposition for quasi-regular semi-Dirichlet forms (Zhi-Ming Ma) • Heat kernel estimates: for strongly local regular Dirichlet forms (Alexander Grigoryan), for killed symmetric Lévy processes in half spaces (Panki Kim), for Liouville Brownian motion in R (Naotaka Kajino), and for Brownian motion on a space of varying dimension (Shuwen Lou). • Invariance principle for random walks in ergodic random media and for ergodic random conductance models, and for random walks on trees (JeanDominique Deuschel, Takashi Kumagai and Anita Winter). • Geometric and functional inequalities for Dirichlet forms, and curvaturedimension conditions with applications including optimal mass transport (Michel Ledoux and Karl-Theodor Sturm) • Trace Dirichlet forms for random walks on trees associated to p-adic numbers (Jun Kigami) and for reflected Brownian motion in Euclidean domains (Lucian Beznea). • Dirichlet forms on the cone of random measures with applications in ecology (Yuri Kondratiev and Diana Putan) • Intrinsic ultracontractivity for skew product diffusion processes (Matsuyo Tomisaki) • Criticality and subcriticality for (generalized) Schrödinger forms as related to properties of the spectrum of time changed processes (Masayoshi Takeda) • BV functions and Skorohod equations on Wiener spaces (Masanori Hino) • Sticky reflected distorted Brownian motion for the wetting model (Robert Vosshall) • Long time asymptotics for the paths of symmetric Markov processes (Yuichi Shiozawa) • Instability properties of sequential limits of Dirichlet forms (Toshihiro Uemura) • Local Dirichlet structure on the Poisson space associated with an energy form and a lent particle method (Laurent Denis) • Stochastic averaging via Dirichlet forms (Max von Renesse) Dirichlet Form Theory and its Applications 2669 • Differential calculus for Dirichlet forms on noncommutative spaces (Fabio Cipriani) Several talks were related to or motivated by mathematical physics: scaling limit of interface models (Torben Fattler), Dirichlet forms related to the stochastic quantization (Hiroshi Kawabi), magnetic energy forms and Feynman-Kac-Ito formulae, including non-local setups (Michael Hinz). There were three talks devoted to stochastic partial differential equations and infinite dimensional stochastic functional equations (Wilhelm Stannat, Rongchan Zhu and Xiangchan Zhu). Potential theory for stochastic processes was also covered during this workshop. The topic includes minimal thinness of symmetric Lévy processes (Renming Song), ergodicity of infinite dimensional Feller-Markov processes (Fuzhou Gong), regularity of harmonic functions for non-local operators (Moritz Kassmann), Malliavin smoothness for SDEs with singular coefficients (Tusheng Zhang). Andreas Eberle presented a talk on a random walk Metropolis algorithm in high dimension, while Cheng Ouyang talked about a geometric derivation of Lévy's arcsine law for occupation time on hypersurfaces of a Riemannian manifold. The diversity of the topics and participants stimulated many in-depths discussions. In particular, it became clear how vividly the approach of the Dirichlet form theory interacts with other areas of analysis and probability, as well as geometry and mathematical physics. Also the interplay of theory and applications was greatly enhanced. The workshop helped not only strengthening the exiting connections but also making new friends and fostered new collaborations among the participants who came from diverse fields of mathematics and geographic locations. Acknowledgement: The MFO and the workshop organizers would like to thank the National Science Foundation for supporting the participation of junior researchers in the workshop by the grant DMS-1049268, "US Junior Oberwolfach Fellows". Moreover, the MFO and the workshop organizers would like to thank the Simons Foundation for supporting Zhi-Ming Ma in the "Simons Visiting Professors" program at the MFO. Dirichlet Form Theory and its Applications 2671 Workshop: Dirichlet Form Theory and its Applications


Objectives: Chemicals derived from various environment media contaminates food across the food supply chain. In Korea, levels of contaminants in food have been sporadically measured by monitoring programs of different government agencies. There is difficulty with data compilation and integrated analysis across media. Therefore, the aim of this study was to propose an overall integrated database and analytical platform design for the 'ECO-FOOD NET (Environmental COntaminant reduction platform for FOOD through an interagency collaboration NETwork)', a tool to support the reduction of environmental contaminants in food. Methods : We developed a new data structure and standardized protocols for the compilation of integrated data. In addition, we conducted subject-oriented logical and physical relational database modeling and created the architecture design of the platform. Results: We established a standardized code system related to exposure media and route, analysis method and food matrix. In addition, we designed the seven software modules of 'About the System', 'Introduction to Interagency Work', 'Media-Chemicals Profiles', 'Method Bank', 'Monitoring Data Base', 'Integrated Media Analysis', and 'Risk-Benefit Analysis'. Conclusions: This study will contribute to decision-making as a tool for executing risk management, such as sustainable reduction policies of contaminants in food.


markdownabstractThis paper discusses the role of subsidies in correcting market failures from the perspective of EU State aid policy. In recent years, one can notice a clear shift towards a 'more economic approach' and a stronger focus on efficiency by the European Commission. However, this stronger focus on efficiency with regard to a politically sensitive area such as State aid is not self-evident, and also raises the question why other jurisdictions do not have a similar control on market intervention by States (US) or provinces (China). It also raises the question whether controlling the efficiency of government spending should be a task of the EU rathert han Member States. The aim of this paper is therefore to critically assess the changing goals of EU State aid policy, from market integration and equity to efficiency and fiscal discipline. Possible implications for China, in the form of a stricter control on subsidies,are also discussed.


This study explored the relationship of social support and life satisfaction in 279 new generation peasant-workers with questionnaire of Social Support Rating Scale(SRSS) and life satisfaction index A(LSIA).The results indicted(1)The scores of the social support and life satisfaction were below the medium level.(2)The social support and life satisfaction of new generation peasant-workers have significant difference in varying degrees,while the scores among gender,age,marital status,income and education were difference.(3)A significantly positive correlation was found between social support and life satisfaction of new generation peasant-workers.


Water content plays a significant role in seed development, especially during the seed sowing level, which ensures the germination of a good seed. A water seed drill (WSD) was tested in the farmer's field Koont, Rawalpindi, for the last five wheat seasons (2015-16 to 2019-20). WSD provides the optimum amount of water needed in the same furrow for the soil right after seed placement. In this study, a WSD conserves soil moisture for better plant germination and wheat growth in rainfed areas. The data recorded showed that the application of WSD enhanced soil moisture 50 to 67% in the existing soil available water. The Germination rate and counted tillers of wheat plants were improved up to 38% and 45%, respectively, compared to conventional wheat sowing. WSD had a significant effect on wheat yield with a maximum of 41% increment in output than conventional sowing. The WSD operational and output cost were 2.57 and 2.15 times more than Conventional seed drill sowing, respectively. The WSD helped advance wheat sowing, ensuring the crop's timely sowing in the absence of rainfall, especially in rainfed regions, and promoted drill sowing.


INTRODUCTION About Cognitive Analytic Therapy About Mindfulness PART ONE: WHO ARE WE? WHAT ARE WE MADE OF? WHAT CAN CHANGE? Change Is Possible PART TWO: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF WHO WE ARE: FEELINGS, EMOTIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS: WITH OURSELVES AND OTHERS Understanding Relating: Reciprocal Relationship Procedures Problems and Dilemmas within Relationships PART THREE: GETTING OFF THE SYMPTOM HOOK: NAMING THE PROBLEM Traps Dilemmas Snags and Self-Sabotage PART FOUR: THE TIP OF THE EMOTIONAL ICEBERG: EMOTIONAL STATES, DEPRESSION AND SYMPTOMS Unbearable and Unmanageable Feelings How Unmanageable Feelings Become Symptoms PART FIVE: THE EMOTIONAL ROLLER COASTER The Challenge of Shifting States Living on the Borderline PART SIX: GATHERING INFORMATION Examining the Impact of Our Beginnings PART SEVEN: MAKING THE CHANGE Writing Our Life Story Targeting the Procedures That Create Problems and Deciding on Aims for Change Putting a Diagram in Your Pocket Techniques for Working through the Process of Change PART EIGHT: CHANGING WITHIN A RELATIONSHIP Love Is Not Enough PART NINE: HOLDING ONTO CHANGE Creative Ways of Practising with and Holding on to Change PART TEN: RESOURCE DIRECTORY FOR THERAPISTS CAT Skills CAT Theory and Practice CAT Research


An ultrasonic testing procedure was developed to evaluate geomembranes. The pulse-echo inspection technique was used on the surface of geomembranes without disturbing the material. The equipment required consists of a P-wave transducer, a pulser-receiver, and a signal acquisition system. Travel time of ultrasonic waves and waveform energy are measured to evaluate the condition of geomembranes. Laboratory tests were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the method. Defects that simulate installation damage and various in-service degradation conditions were induced on samples. The defects were identified with the ultrasonic method at a success rate higher than 98%. Changes in the thickness or the microstructure of the geomembranes were identified. Surficial and internal defects were located. Defects that were not visible from the measurement surfaces were identified. This method appears promising to monitor the condition of geomembranes in the laboratory or in the field and to assess in situ damage to geomembranes.


Building a combined interface in a Li2S cathode-based battery by integrating SPEEK into the cathode and inserting a SWCNT/rGO interlayer develops a new strategy from the viewpoint of interface engineering to achieve a high-performance Li–S battery.


The purpose of this study is to determine general attitude towards advertising from the perspective
of marketing and non-marketing students. Beliefs of students towards advertising are investigated
so as to determine what contributes to attitude and behavioral intention. This allows similarities and
differences between the two groups of students to be examined. Quantitative approach by means of
questionnaire based survey was administered at a government university. 388 usable copies, 191
were from marketing students and 197 copies non-marketing students, were collected. Descriptive
and inferential analyses were subsequently used. Findings show that both groups believe that
advertising provides information, pleasure, and is good for economy. They also believe this social
phenomenon is causing the society to become more materialistic. However the beliefs pertaining to
its image role, hedonic aspect and value to society are what set them apart, with marketing students
having stronger responses. As a result attitude and behavioral intention of marketing students
towards advertising are also significantly different from non-marketing students. This study
therefore articulates students' present view about advertising, and implication as to how marketing
and non-marketing students respond to advertising.


The insulating structure for a liquefied natural gas storage tank wall is disclosed. Thermal insulation structure for a liquefied natural gas storage tank wall in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is a liquefied natural gas storage tank secondary first metal foil layer and a second metal foil layer and said first metal foil layer to be incorporated in a laminated structure to a wall and wherein interposed between the metal foil layer 2 may comprise a sheet having a glass fiber layer is incorporated by gluing.


The calculations of free and rigid surface effects on the energy losses for 2D-electrons in a semi-infinite heterostructure are carried out for the deformation electron–acoustic phonon interaction. It is shown that the efficiency of relaxation is changed substantially (up to two times) depending nonmonotonically on the distance of the 2D-layer to the surface and on the electron temperature.


This paper deals with the empirical validation of a building thermal model using a phase change material (PCM) in a complex roof. A mathematical model dedicated to phase change materials based on the heat apparent capacity method was implemented in a multi-zone building simulation code, the aim being to increase understanding of the thermal behavior of the whole building with PCM technologies. To empirically validate the model, the methodology is based both on numerical and experimental studies. A parametric sensitivity analysis was performed and a set of parameters of the thermal model have been identified for optimization. The use of a generic optimization program called GenOpt ® coupled to the building simulation code enabled to determine the set of adequate parameters. We first present the empirical validation methodology and main results of previous work. We then give an overview of GenOpt ® and its coupling with the building simulation code. Finally, once the optimization results are obtained, comparisons of thermal model of PCM with measurements are found to be acceptable and are presented.


This paper presents a new code structure and its ability in supporting multiple transmission rates in point to point Spectral Amplitude CodingOptical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) links. The Double-Weight (DW) code family that has a basic fixed weight of 2 was proposed. Enhancement Double Weight (EDW) Code is a DW code family variation that has variable weight of greater than one. The ability of EDW codes to support simultaneous transmissions at different bit rates is shown through simulated results of the bit error rate (BER) and the eye patterns. Three EDW encoded channels were used at the bit rates of 2.5Gbps and 10Gbps. EDW code shown here significantly performs better than Hadamard and Modified Frequency Hopping (MFH) codes


We focus on Timothy Williamson's recent attack on the epistemological significance of the a priori–a posteriori distinction, and offer grounds for doubting that it succeeds. We begin (§§1-2) by briefly reviewing two other recently influential but, as we contend, less than compelling routes to scepticism about apriority, to which Williamson's case promises to stand in interesting contrast. We then set out Williamson's core argument (§3) and move to consider (§§4-6) three lines of response to it. None of these questions the central analogy that Williamson develops; rather they attempt to reconcile (at least the possibility of) a worthwhile a priori-a posteriori distinction with that analogy. We argue that, setting aside a methodological challenge (§5) to which Williamson owes an answer, no successful such reconciliation is in prospect. On the other hand, there are considerations—and it is on these that we base our overall negative assessment of Williamson's argument—whose effect is to undermine the analogy itself (§§7-9). We conclude (§10) with some brief reflections on Williamson's ideas about the imagination as a source of knowledge. Our principal conclusion is only that Williamson's argument fails to perform as advertised. A constructive case for confidence that the intuitive contrast between a priori and a posteriori reflects something of fundamental epistemological significance is prefigured in our final section, but will not be elaborated here.


The Eastern Miscellanies was one of the most influential journals of the last ten years in late Qing dynasty. Its dominating political inclination in this period was propagandizing the constitutional trend in order to drive the constitutional movements.After analyzing all the reports about constitutional movements in this period,it can easily be found that,The Eastern Miscellanies could always take a clear- cut stand on tackling the political issues indirectly,emphasize the local self- government movement,and ensure the quality of commentaries. Therefore The Eastern Miscellanies gradually formed a unique style that differed from the Party Press and other contemporaneous constitutional newspapers. The Eastern Miscellanies grasped the political situation with actively participation and positively guidance. It didn't publish political commentary directly,but expressed its political attitudes by reprinting high- quality articles. This also has been a revelation to the development of contemporary local press.


reader of both a general and a particular political position. As socialists and feminists we have no quarrel with the general statements, which appear at the very end: &dquo;The capitalist system, which requires this stultifying sexual division of labor as well as the exploitation of women who sell their labor power, must be eliminated. The future of the liberation of women is thus integrally tied to the general movement for the emancipation of the proletariat. The women's question and the working class question can not be separated.&dquo;(1) We are, however, disappointed that his analysis appears to be more a product of his desire to prove a particular political point than an attempt to understand a very complex issue. His political point is that men and women in the working class should work together. While this is indeed desirable, a real solidarity will come about only through a deeper understanding of sexism, not through minimizing the concrete differences between women and men of the working class. Szymanski claims that women's consciousness develops only outside the home; and, consequently, efforts to organize working class women around their r


The axial thrust is an important indicator for design and safety consideration in hydroelectric power stations using Kaplan turbines. During transients in hydropower stations, the axial thrust is influenced by many factors including water hammer and rotation speed and is difficult to describe preciously. The bifurcation principle is used in the present work to analyze the spiral case as a piping system with branches that each divert part of the flow as it goes around the periphery of the runner. This analytical approach improves the computational precision. Screw propeller theory is then used to calculate the axial thrust and to analyze factors that influence the thrust. The calculated results agree well with those obtained experimentally.


Since 2005, the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society and International Federation of Robotics (IFR) have cooperated to host a joint Forum of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Robotics and Automation to foster cooperation between the scientific community and industry. As part of the forum, an award for Invention and Entrepreneurship in Robotics and Automation (IERA) is made. This year the IEEE--IFR form was held in Kobe, Japan, in conjunction with the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2009.


The Brenner hydrocarbon potential was extended recently to include interactions with silicon. This extended Brenner potential has now been improved by the fitting of bond order correction terms, and the introduction of an adjustable parameter into the angular function. The new potential gives an excellent description of small Si m H n molecules and radicals. Its treatment of the low index surfaces of silicon and β-SiC is also significantly improved, although the recently proposed non-dimerized structure for the silicon terminated (001) surface of β-SiC is not described properly. Calculations of the chemisorption of C2H2 and CH3 onto the (001) surfaces of silicon and β-SiC using this improved potential are reported. Also presented are some initial results of molecular dynamics simulations of the Si(111) 7 × 7:CH3 and hydrogenated Si(001) 2 × 1:C2H2 chemisorption systems.


This study aimed to examine temporal change in the physical demands with respect to a referee's running distance and speed, and heart rate (HR) during Japanese high-school (U-18) and university (U-22) football matches, and to investigate the match technical-tactical data. Additionally, we compared the physical demands and match performance of referees during the U-18 and U-22 matches. Physical performance (15 Hz global positioning system device) and HR of 20 Japanese referees (age, 26.3 ± 3.4 years) were measured from 20 matches (one match dataset per referee). All matches were video ˆlmed to calculate the distance from a foul and match technical-tactical data (passes, shots, fouls, oŠense-defense turnovers, and penetrations into the attacking zone). We found that physical demands were temporarily increased in the last stage of a match. Some technical-tactical data similarly increased in the same stage, suggested that the referees during the U-18 and U-22 matches are required to move around each penalty area and keep up with play in the last stage of a match. Referees' physical demands and match performance were not diŠerent between the U-18 and U-22 matches.