The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), a serious pest of crucifers has become a single limiting factor in the production of quality heads. Due to high reproductive capacity and ability to withstand pesticides, DBM has developed resistance to all groups of insecticides. As a consequence of resistance and various undesirable side effects of intensive insecticide application, increasing attention has been paid to alternate strategies such as IPM, a programmed approach including both cultural and biological control and the use of more selective insecticides.


Let G be the Chevalley-Demazure group scheme determined by a finite-dimensional complex simple Lie algebra L and its adjoint representation, R a commutative ring with identity and R~* the multiplicative group consisting of all units in R. Denote by G(R) the Chevalley group over R with respect to G. Let △ be a root system of L, △~+ the set of all positive roots with respect to some simple root system of △. Let E(R) be the el-


Thermal flow sensors with a wide dynamic range are at present not available in spite of the large demand which exists for such sensors in practical fluid flow measurements. In this paper, it is shown that the velocity range of a "time‐of‐flight" thermal flowmeter for slowly changing flows can be increased by using wires (or other heating/sensing elements) with large thermal inertia (time constant) and heating the sending wire with a continuous sinusoidal current, instead of discrete, very short, square‐wave pulses as in the usual pulsed‐wire anemometer. The device described here uses two parallel wires of 12.5μm diameter and its usable speed range is 0.05 to 25m/s. Although the present thermal flowmeter can be applied as a point measurement device, the main applications are in pipe flow, especially at very low flow rates. The high sensitivity at low flow rates makes the device especially suitable for this purpose.


In order to analyze Genetic Programming (GP), this chapter compares it with two alternative adaptive search algorithms, Simulated Annealing (SA) and Stochastic Iterated Hill Climbing (SIHC). SIHC and SA are used to solve program discovery problems posed in the style of GP. In separate versions they employ either GP's crossover operator or a mutation operator. The comparisons in terms of likelihood of success and eeciency show them to be eeective. Based upon their success, hybrid versions of GP and hill climbing are designed that improve upon a canonical version of GP. Program discovery practitioners may nd it useful to coherently view all the algorithms this chapter considers by using the perspective of evolution. and improve the understanding of it, the goals of this chapter are: 1. to investigate the nature of GP crossover when it is used in two other adaptive search algorithms that exploit local search to solve GP-style problems. The question posed is whether Simulated Annealing Kirkpatrick et al. algorithms that do not rely on processing a large population of candidate solutions using tness based selection integrated with crossover, are suuciently powerful to solve GP-style problems. 2. to exploit the ndings concerning local search to improve GP. Is it useful to integrate local search into GP thereby complementing its global search power? In work reported in O'Reilly and Oppacher 1994a; O'Reilly and Oppacher 1994b] it was shown that SA and SIHC could solve program discovery problems posed in the style of GP by using a mutation operator called \HVL-Mutate" 1. HVL-Mutate creates a new program from the current one by randomly executing one of three sub-operations: deletion, substitution or insertion focused upon a randomly selected node. The new program retains some of the current program's syntactic structure and semantic character while some novelty is also randomly introduced. It is always syntactically correct. In this paper these mutation-based versions of SA and SIHC are referred to as MUSA and MU SIHC. Because the same problem suite as the one used in this chapter was used to evaluate MUSA and MU SIHC, and for completeness, the results of these algorithms are included in the tables of this chapter.


A new enhancement algorithm for color images is proposed after an analysis of Retinex theory and its classic algorithm.This image retains some of the low frequency components of the image while enhancing the high-frequency components.Besides,the dynamic parameters,acquired according to the Gray World theory,are introduced to extend the dynamic range.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is efficient in color image enhancement.


Summary Renin inhibits compensatory renal hypertrophy and is more active intraperitoneally than subcutaneously. This inhibition, which is caused by renin as such, is not related to the catabolic effect of renin; it is abolished by hypophysectomy. Our experiments suggest that renin, like other hormonal secretions, can act in a self-regulating mechanism in the control of organ growth.


This paper presents the design optimization of a heat exchanger for a free-piston Stirling engine (FPSE) through an improved quasi-steady flow (iQSF) model and a central composite design. To optimize the tubular hot heat exchanger (HHX) design, a design set of central composite designs for the design factors of the HHX was constructed and the brake power and efficiency were predicted through the iQSF model. The iQSF model is improved because it adds various heat and power losses based on the QSF model and applies a heat transfer model that simulates the oscillating flow condition of an actual Stirling engine. Based on experimental results from the RE-1000, an FPSE developed by Sunpower, the iQSF model significantly improves the prediction error of the indicated power from 66.9 to 24.9% compared to the existing QSF model. For design optimization of the HHX, the inner diameter and the number of tubes with the highest brake power and efficiency were determined using a regression model, and the tube length was determined using the iQSF model. Finally, the brake output and efficiency of FPSE with the optimized HHX were predicted to be 7.4 kW and 36.4%, respectively, through the iQSF analysis results.


The mobile cloud computing (MCC) that combines mobile computing and cloud concept takes wireless access network as the transmission medium and uses mobile devices as the client. When offloading the complicated multitask application to the MCC environment, each task executes individually in terms of its own computation, storage, and bandwidth requirement. Due to user's mobility, the provided resources contain different performance metrics that may affect the destination choice. Nevertheless, these heterogeneous MCC resources lack integrated management and can hardly cooperate with each other. Thus, how to choose the appropriate offload destination and orchestrate the resources for multitask is a challenge problem. This paper realizes a programming resource provision for heterogeneous energy-constrained computing environments, where a software defined controller is responsible for resource orchestration, offload, and migration. The resource orchestration is formulated as multiobjective optimal problem that contains the metrics of energy consumption, cost, and availability. Finally, a particle swarm algorithm is used to obtain the approximate optimal solutions. Simulation results show that the solutions for all of our studied cases almost can hit Pareto optimum and surpass the comparative algorithm in approximation, coverage, and execution time.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of evidence-based nursing for prevention of pressure sores in senile orthopedics patients. Methods There were 326 senile orthopedics patients received evidencebased nursing in the observation group, and 268 senile orthopedics patients received usual care belonged to control group. To calculate and compare the incidence rate of pressure sores of the two groups. Results The incidence rate of pressure sores in observation group was 0.7% but 4. 2% in control group, the difference between the two groups had statistical significance (P<0. 05). Conclusions Evidence-based nursing can change clinical nurses'habits and behaviors which based on experience. Nursing practice will be promoted, and senile patient's pressure sores will be prevented effectively through using scientific evidence-based nursing theory to guide clinic

Key words:
Evidence-based nursing; Aged; Pressure sores


It is more than impossible to ignore translators since they are involved in the whole process of translation. Recently more and more attention has been attracted to the study of translators,which accounts for an essential area of translation studies. Since Shakespeare's plays were translated into Chinese,relative studies on these translators have been carried out and great achievements have been made. This paper aims to review the studies of the last decade on the English-Chinese( E-C) translators of Shakespeare's plays in terms of translator's translating thoughts,motivation,subjectivity,strategy and style. Based on the review,the features and limitations of these studies are discussed and new direction is provided on aspects of the scope,contents,and methodology for further studies in this field.


Glucocorticosteroids are the most effective anti-inflammatory treatments available for many inflammatory and immune diseases, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune diseases. However, a few patients with these diseases tend to show a poor or absent response to glucocorticoids. Likewise, some patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis have also shown little or no response to systemic or topical glucocorticoids. Since chronic inflammatory diseases are widespread and their prevalence is rising, glucocorticoid resistance or insensitivity represents an important barrier to effective treatment and accounts for substantial health-care spending. Several distinct molecular mechanisms that contribute to decreased anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids have now been identified; there is, then, heterogeneity of mechanisms even within a single disease. Similar molecular mechanisms have been identified in different inflammatory diseases, suggesting that common therapeutic approaches might be developed inthe future. Taken together, we herein will discuss resistance to the anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids and the recent identification of several molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance that might be amenable to new therapeutic approaches.


We investigated the roles of neuronal‐derived nitric oxide (NO) in the modulation of spontaneous activity of mouse detrusor smooth muscle.


A year ago an article appearing in the New Yorker magazine described the courage of Alberto Mora, a Navy lawyer who warned his superiors at Guantanamo Bay about the abusive treatment of prisoners. The article was written by Jane Mayer, one of the participants in the Seton Hall University School of Law's Guantanamo Teach-In's panel of journalists. At the conclusion of her essay, Mayer quoted Mora expressing his dismay at Bush Administration lawyers who seemed to be unaware of history: "I wondered if they were even familiar with the Nuremberg trials—or with the laws of war, or with the Geneva Conventions." It is difficult to know just what the lawyers and their clients in the White House and the Departments of Defense knew about these matters, but Nuremberg seems a reasonable enough place to begin thinking about the issues which Guantanamo raises. The judgment of the International Military Tribunal ("IMT" or "Tribunal") at Nuremberg set the modern standard of international criminal responsibility in wartime, though it hardly wrote on a blank slate. The Nuremberg judgment—indeed, the Tribunal itself—was criticized for establishing categories of criminal behavior which had no prior international standing, including crimes against humanity. But its reliance on crimes of war and crimes against the peace (aggressive war) were firmly grounded in norms of international law contained in treaties to which most states, including Germany, were historically bound. The judgment of the IMT refers repeatedly to principles and agreements located in pre-war treaties including the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, the Kellogg-Briand Pact of


Quantum key distribution (QKD) has a prospect to realize unconditional secure communication. However, many real system problems should be solved. Transmitters security is an important part of QKD security. And measuring photon number distribution could help improve it. This measurement is also useful for measuring unknown sources or testing newly designed sources. In this article, a method to measure the photon number distribution of pulses using non-photon-number-resolving detectors is proposed. Numerical simulation is conducted to test this scheme and performs well. Experiment on Poisson source is also used to test this method.


Abstract: Actinomycetes are a normal part of the microflora of the cervicofacial region and gastrointestinal tract, but they can cause infections when the normal mucosal barrier is lost due to surgery, trauma or infections. Actinomycosis of the gallbladder is extremely rare. A 70-year-old man with ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, non-insulin dependent diabe-tes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia presented with episodes of acute pancreatitis and cholecystitis. CT scan suggested a perforated gallbladder. The liver was normal. At cholecystectomy the gallbladder was contracted with adhesions and a probable cholecystodocho-duodenal fistula. Histology showed an inflamed and fibrotic gallbladder with colonies of Actinomyces, the so-called 'sulphur granules'. Postoperatively, he has been well. Keywords: Gallbladder, actinomycosis. INTRODUCTION Actinomycosis usually involves the head and neck re-gion, thorax and abdomen. Pelvic actinomycosis may occur in women using intrauterine contraceptive devices. Abdomi-nal actinomycosis is rare, usually occurring in the caecum and appendix. Actinomycosis of the gallbladder is extremely rare; to date only 20 cases involving the gallbladder or bile duct have been reported [1-23]. We report a further case of actinomycosis of the gallbladder and review the literature.


Hydraulic failures of power switchgears were analyzed in this study. The malfunction of oil-minimum breakers, operation failure of hydraulic actuators, and overpressure of hydraulic operation actuators were also analyzed, and specific solutions also have been proposed which can ensure the normal operation of the equipments.


The NiyyCuyFexPiy melt spun ribbon was cast using melt spinning. The ribbon in as-cast state was characterised with use of transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Differential thermal analysis (DTA) of the melt-spun ribbon was made to determine the thermal stability of the alloy. The ribbons in as-cast state and after annealing were characterised with use of Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to see the change of the microstructure after heating to elevated temperatures. It has been found that the devitrification sequence consists of progressive formation of (Ni,Fe,Cu)3P phase and (Ni,Fe,Cu)-FCC phase.


DESPITE the assertion of Prosper M6rim6e (1840/1971, 662) that 'il n'y a point de gens moins superstitieux que les Corses,' numerous works on Corsican folklore exist to show the contrary. Frederic Ortoli (1883) was the pioneer in this branch of research. Since then numerous collections of folktales have appeared, and in recent years, some in-depth studies of occult practices and beliefs. The evidence of the folklore connected with the archaeological sites however remains scattered. The prehistorian Adrien de Mortillet (1893) records certain traditions associated with megalithic monuments; more recently Gaston d'Ang61is and Don Giorgi (1968) provide what could be called an inventory of folk beliefs attached to particular localities, some of which are archaeological sites. Other popular traditions of this kind are included in the works of Pierre Lamotte, Archiviste en Chef de la Corse (1953), the prehistorian Roger Grosjean (1955, 1956), Sybille von Cles-Reden (1961), Genevieve. Massignon (1963), Dorothy Carrington (1971, 1980), and Franqois de Lanfranchi, Directeur de la Region Sud de l'Institut Corse des Etudes Pr6historiques (1978). Yet others have been reported to us that are here published for the first time.


Introduction: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare form of cardiomyopathy occurring in women between one month antepartum and five months postpartum. It has been shown to carry a substantial ...


No one really knows what the first story ever told in human history was, but storytelling is an art that spans many civilizations and cultures, and continues to be a major part of our modern lives. More recently, storytelling has gone digital with advances in technology and connectivity. Educators have also rediscovered how storytelling can be an effective teaching pedagogy for engaged student learning. A digital story can engage students' visual and auditory senses in a way that the written word alone cannot. This article describes such an effort. The Movie-Door-2-Door.com (MD2D) is a digital story spanning 12 episodes. The story revolves around three young business graduates who started their own business and discovered the role of financial information in managing a business along the way. An independent survey by the University's teaching unit showed that the use of such digital stories can be an appropriate pedagogy to help student contextualize accounting and its role in helping management make decisions. The first four episodes of the MD2D digital story are available for viewing at www.research.smu.edu.sg/faculty/MD2D/.


Obtaining fuzzy rules from low quality data is a topic that has been recently formalized. This paper contains the first appli- cation of these principles to classification problems. We intend that the classifier proposed here serves as a baseline for future develop- ments in the field. For that reason, we have extended a simple crisp genetic fuzzy classifier to imprecise data, paying special attention to the computational details. In particular, we will discuss some issues about the fuzzy-valued fitness function that is used in our formalism. A synthetic problem, plus two real-world datasets of low and medium complexities are also proposed, and used to evaluate the algorithm.


© 2008 Sakurai-Yageta et al. The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 181 No. 6 985–998 www.jcb.org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.200709076 JCB 985 M. Sakurai-Yageta and C. Recchi contributed equally to this paper. Correspondence to Philippe Chavrier: email@example.com M. Sakurai-Yageta ' s present address is Division of Molecular Pathology, Dept. of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. C. Recchi ' s present address is Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. Abbreviations used in this paper: F-actin, fi lamentous actin; MMP, metalloproteinase; MT, membrane type; WT, wild type. The online version of this article contains supplemental material. Introduction


Excerpts from papers read at the meeting of Scandinavian gynecologists in Oslo, June 1939 I have selected two themes from Volume XX of Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, one central to gynecology and the other to obstetrics. Jkgen L~vse t presented "Subsequent investigations of patients operated at the clinic from 1928 to 1038 for sterility due to tubal occlusion"(1) (Fig. l) , the clinic being the University women's clinic in Oslo, presently known as the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the National Hospital, known in Norway as Kvinneklinikken, Rikshospitalet. He introduced the theme by the statement: "Since Martin in 1885 conceived the idea of opening the tubes in these diseases and thus making them patent this operation has come into use as a therapeutic measure and is probably now being performed in most cases of sterility in this country when the sterility is due to tubal blockades." He then went on to describe the case material, which consisted of 77 women out of 00 who had undergone a plastic operation on one or both tubes in the preceding decade, and who had agreed to present themselves for a control examination. The most prevalent cause of tubal occlusion was tuberculosis, followed by puerperal infection, with gonorrhea, abortion, endometriosis and appendicitis accounting for about equal but lesser shares. Following a tubal plastic operation, 9 had verified pregnancies, while 2 had a possible early miscarriage. None of the women with gonorrhea, tuberculosis or endometriosis became pregnant. Of the 9 pregnancies, 7 were intra-uterine, going to term, and 2 ectopic. Somewhat unexpectedly, many of the 77 said they were less troubled by such conditions as abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and vaginal discharge after the operation. Discussing why so many women remained infertile after the operation, L~vse t concluded: "It seems, however, that in most of the cases in our material the failure was due to secondary closure of the tubes". He "therefore constructed a new kind of sound provided with a small ball of rubber which is blown when it is inside of the internal orifice. When this instrument is used the air does not leak out and we are then sure that the sounds heard on auscultation are due to air passing through the tubes." This device for gas insufflation was one of the many devices which L~vse t introduced, some of which had a lasting impact on the practice of obstetrics and gynecol-


Fractures in rock masses are randomly distributed;and the seepage in the rock masses mainly happens in these fractures. The Monte Carlo method is adopted to generate the stochastic fracture network firstly. Then,on the base of the theory of directed body,the automatic identification method for three dimensional network with random fractures is realized,including the concave and multi-connected blocks. Next,based on the assumption that the intact rock is impervious and the water flows only along the fractures,the block element method for seepage analysis of three dimensional network with random fractures is established. Finally,two examples are studied to prove the precision and validity of this method.


Recently a case of liver injury from ingestion of Taeyeumjowi-tang containing Ma-huang(Ephedra sinica stapf) arose. The patient, a 30 year-old woman, was diagnosed with asthenia and anorexia after 6 weeks of ingesting Taeyeumjowi-tang containing Ma-huang(Ephedra sinica stapf) as a treatment for her ...


This paper outlines the beginning of the author's research for a PhD thesis. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impacts of the SCERTS assessment model on the partners in a multidisciplinary collaborative (MDC) effort to support autistic learners with severe or profound, and multiple learning difficulties (SPMLD). Research supports the efficacy of the model in the context of schools in other countries [1]. Research has also shown the model to have positive impacts on the development of skills, knowledge, and values. Can the model accomplish the same level of success in England's special schools? In the UK there exist fundamental differences between the sectors of education, health, and social care. These differences often create barriers to the effectiveness, sustainability, and cohesiveness of MDC approaches [3] [4]. A second aim of the research is to better understand the barriers and bridges that exist to the implementation and the maintenance of a true MDC approach. This may also give insight into the steps that policy makers could take to insure better outcomes for learners. This type of approach is deemed essential to support autistic SPMLD learners and their families [5] [6]. In respect of the voices of autistic academics and authors, person first phrasing is avoided wherever possible [7]. The author also uses the term 'learner' in preference to the labelled phrases. A shared aim of government, parents and professionals is that learners achieve the best possible outcomes and quality of life [6]. In order to achieve this, most learners will require the support of families and a variety of professionals from multiple disciplines at different points and durations throughout their lifetimes. This research evolved from the author's personal experience as a teacher working with special educational needs (SEN) learners the context of schools in the United States (USA) and England. It is a multidisciplinary study supported by literature from the disciplines of education, health, government, and social policy.


The original routine interpretation of the upper gastrointestinal series in 100 cases of carcinoma of the pancreas resulted in a positive diagnosis in only 24 cases. In a controlled retrospective study, a positive diagnosis of pancreatic enlargement was made in 57 of the 100 cases; an additional 9 were thought sufficiently suspicious to warrant reexamination with particular attention to this possibility, usually when the routine films had not shown the duodenal loop well filled. A review was made of various signs of pancreatic abnormality and each sign was evaluated for validity. A group of cases of pancreatitis associated with duodenal ulcer was also analyzed. The use of cases explored for some other cause prevented "over-interpretation."


An investigation of the below KIscc corrosion fatigue crack propagation behavior of 5Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel in a 3½ percent NaCl environmental solution is conducted with particular emphasis on the influence of frequency and temperature. The behavior is described using a generalized equation which incorporates the influence of temperature, frequency, and stress intensity range. The generalized equation d a d N ∣ C = d a d N ∣ F { H ( Δ K , f , T ) } relates the corrosion fatigue crack growth rate, d a d N ∣ C , to the baseline cycle-dependent fatigue crack growth rate, d a d N ∣ F . The function H is an environmental enhancement multiple. The severity of the temperature influence on environmentally enhanced fatigue crack growth rates of steels in aqueous environments appears to be related to the inherent resistance of the material to environmental cracking.


The gap between processing and storage speeds remains a concern for computer system designers and application developers. This disparity can be bridged in part by eliminating unnecessary stores, thereby reducing the amount of traffic that flows from the processor and first-level caches to the slower components of the storage subsystem. Reducing the "write" traffic can improve program performance, save power, and increase the longevity of storage components that have limited write endurance. Techniques have been proposed and evaluated for identifying various classes of stores that can be silenced. A relatively unexplored class of such stores are those that would write data that is dirty, but dead. Such data appears as if it needs to be written back to memory from cache, yet it can be proven that the application can never subsequently access the data. In this paper, we suggest identifying garbage (trash) in cache, so that the dirty bytes associated with the trash need not be written to memory. We propose and evaluate a simple technique based on reference counting that finds a subset of these "eternally silent" (dead) stores. When applied to popular benchmarks, our results show that a significant fraction of the writes to memory can be silenced based on the impossibility of an application subsequently accessing the data.


One of the most active and most systematic researchers of the Prague group of computational linguistics, Dr. Zdeněk Kirschner, born January 15, 1924, died on the Christmas Eve 2008, three weeks before his 85th birthday. Zdeněk joined our research group in the spring of 1970, after his return from a longer stay in Tanzania, where he, among other things, was engaged in the education and cultural orientation of the fighters for the freedom of Mosambique; some of them later visited him in Prague as esteemed representatives of their country and members of its government. One of the first questions Zdeněk had to answer after his arrival concerned, as it was usual in the given historical situation, was his attitude towards the Soviet led invasion of Czechoslovakia. Since he did not approve this event, he was excluded from the communist party. Even so, he was allowed to apply for a position at Charles University, where twenty years earlier he obtained his PhD. degree in English studies. He then had to decide between two options at the Faculty of Arts, one of which was to join the then established institute oriented at Ibero-American studies and the other concerned our invitation to the research group represented at that time as the Laboratory of Algebraic Linguistics. We were glad that he chose the latter possibility, and luckily we were quick enough to accept him before the political difficulties became too heavy not only for him, but also for us. Due to his exclusion from the communist party it was impossible to quote him as the author of his contributions and thus we included the first of them as an anonymous appendix to the volume Automatische Textenbearbeitung (Prague, Matematickofyzikální fakulta Univerzity Karlovy 1974, pp. 86-156. It constitutes an extremely systematic and detailed analysis of the functions of the English presposition in in different contexts, which even today can serve as an important source of relevant insights (in case of interest, the text may be copied and shared). Most of Zdeněk's further contributions appeared in the internal series which followed this volume, namely Explizite Beschreibung der Sprache und automatische Textbear-


One of the compounds obtained by the reaction of rhenium(III) chloride with n-butyric acid while exposed to oxygen has been shown by single crystal X-ray diffraction to be tetra-μ-n-butyratodi-rhenium(III) diperrhenate. The crystals are triclinic with lattice parameters a = 7.836(8) A, b = 10.746(8) A, c = 8.773(8) A, α = 88.9(1)°, β = 106.5(1)°, and γ = 98.0(1)°. The space group is and there is one formula unit per cell. A total of 1593 independent reflections were examined and the structure was refined by full 3-dimensional least-squares to an R value of 0.123. Two rhenium environments are found, one consisting of a dimer unit bridged by 4 carboxylate groups and the other a per-rhenate group. This latter group, showing a mean Re—O distance of 1.75 A, shares an oxygen atom with a rhenium atom in the dimer unit, and this Re—O bond length is 2.18 A long. The structure results from packing of short chains, consisting of the dimer unit and the 2 perrhenate groups, running roughly parallel to the [111] direction.


Hierarchical nanostructured spherical carbon with hollow core/mesoporous shell (HCMS) was explored as a counter electrode in CdSe quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. Compared with conventional Pt electrodes and commercially available activated carbon, the HCMS carbon counter electrode exhibits a much larger fill factor due to the considerably decreased charge transfer resistance at the interface of the counter electrode/polysulfide electrolyte. Furthermore, a solar cell with the HCMS carbon counter electrode presents a high power conversion efficiency of up to 3.90% as well as an incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency peak of 80%.


An approach to logic minimization using a new sum operation called multiple valued EXOR is proposed. The paper introduces the multiple valued sum of products expression using the EXOR. As the scheme of the minimization, we utilize an idea based on neural computing. First, we demonstrate the method to minimize the binary EXOR of MINs expressions and show that the method is effective. Next, we apply the method to the three valued EXOR of MINs expression. Experimental results for all three valued two variable functions show that our proposed multiple valued EXOR of MINs expressions require fewer product terms than both the MAX of MINs and TSUM of MINs expressions.


A number of nanostructured systems has been investigated by means of Photoemission and X-ray absorption spectroscopies and by Scanning tunneling microscopy with emphasis on the geometric and elect ...


Digital street and trail maps are typically represented by an interconnected network of path segments. These spatial networks are used in map creation, route planning, and geo-location. Consumer GPS devices have become popular as a method of collecting data for use in spatial networks. Existing methods for creating spatial networks either require extensive hand editing or use inefficient algorithms that require re-computation when adding new data to an existing network. I demonstrate a method for creating and maintaining spatial networks that allows for incremental updates without complete re-computation. I also demonstrate how spatial limits on data set growth allows networks to be updated in linear time after initial path discovery. This approach allows networks to be rapidly and accurately updated using data from consumer GPS devices.


After the EPA issued its long-awaited proposal for the 2014, 2015 and 2016 RFS mandates on May 29, 2015, the price of D4 biodiesel RINs increased slightly while the price of D6 ethanol RINs dropped precipitously (Figure 1). The relatively small increase in D4 prices after the announcement suggested that the biomass-based diesel mandates were largely as expected, but the sharp drop in D6 prices indicated that the ethanol mandates were smaller than many expected (farmdoc daily, June 3, 2015). After falling sharply in the days following the EPA announcement, D6 RINs prices have since generally traded in a sideways fashion. In contrast, after rising slightly in the days following the announcement, D4 RINs prices have declined at an ever increasing rate, to the point where D4 and D6 prices today differ by only a few cents. The behavior of D4 prices in recent weeks appears to be quite puzzling given the lack of additional important RFS announcements by the EPA. Furthermore, since the RINs price represents the marginal cost of complying with an RFS mandate, it is important to understand why any large change in the RINs price occurs. It turns out that the seemingly anomalous behavior of D4 biodiesel RINs prices actually has a fairly straightforward explanation based on the behavior of two of the key drivers of biodiesel RINs prices—soybean oil prices and the biodiesel tax credit. The conceptual model of the biodiesel market that we have employed in several previous farmdoc daily articles on the pricing of RINs and implementation of the RFS (e.g., October 10, 2014; October 15, 2014; May 28, 2015; July 22, 2015; August 5, 2015) provides the starting point for the analysis.


This article discusses the development and good practice of an undergraduate collaborative partnership module between police practitioners and academics meeting the challenges for teaching partnerships within higher education. Through innovative curriculum design and the application of the Student as Producer model, the article considers aspects of student engagement, ownership of learning journeys and shared dialogues. The case study was developed to strengthen existing productive links with policing and offer real-life collaboration on contemporary police studies. The module has impacted on student learning and has institutionally embraced professional practice in teaching through designing 'academic practice as learning'.


This paper used an effective annealing process to improve the performance of Parylene C micropore-arrayed membranes fabricated with Parylene C moulding strategy. The results indicated that the annealing treatment at 320°C for 2h in nitrogen sealed the keyholes, which were unavoidably generated in the conventional Parylene C moulding process, because of melting and reflow at high temperature. A chromatic confocal imaging (CCI) based platform was established to test the mechanical properties of the prepared Parylene C micropore-arrayed membranes after annealing treatment, with the one without annealing as comparison. The mechanical testing results demonstrated that the annealing treated Parylene C micropore-arrayed membranes presented 13.4% higher mechanical strength compared to the unannealed one.


A new hybrid membrane was prepared by a facile method based on a highly luminescent lanthanide coordination polymer and agarose. The soft membrane was characterized by FT‐IR, PXRD, SEM and luminescence. It is found that the soft membrane is a highly selective and sensitive sensor, among 19 metal ion solutions of Fe3+, Mg2+, Li+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Ru3+, Cr3+, Ag+, Sr2+, Cd2+, Na+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Fe2+, Hg2+ and Ca2+, only Fe3+ quench the luminescence. The sensing results can be distinguished by the naked eye in daylight or by irradiation of a portable UV light at the scene. Mechanism studies reveal the sensing is due to the decomposition of the coordination polymer 1 which induced by slow permeation of Fe3+. Further studies found anions of BO3− , CO32− , H2PO4− , Br−, Cl−, ClO4− , H2PO4− , I−, IO3− and NO3− will not quench the luminescence of the hybrid membrane, which imply that other anions in water would not disturb the detection result.


In this study, morphological structure of the venom apparatus of Eresus cinnabarinus was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Venom apparatus situated in the prosoma is composed of a pair of chelicerae and venom glands. Each chelicera consists of two parts, a stout basal part covered by hair, and a movable venom fang. A venom pore is situated on subterminal part of the fang. There are parallel grooves at out surface of the venom fang. Just below the venom fang, there is a chelicera groove next to the teeth. Each side of the groove is covered with cuticular teeth. The venom glands are rather big and they are similar to clapper in shape. Each gland is surrounded by completely striated muscular fibers. The venom produced in the venom glands by contraction of these muscular fibers is ejected into the venom fang through a canal, and is thrown out by the venom pore.


This study focuses on the development and characterization of solid dispersions (SDs) of Gefitinib (GEF) to improve its aqueous solubility and therapeutic activity against lung cancer. SDs were prepared by the co-precipitation method with tocopheryl-polyethylene-glycol succinate-1000 (TPGS) (F1), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) (F2) and complexation of F1 with hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) (F3). Optimal formulations (F1 and F3) were used against A549 cells to determine the apoptosis, expressions of p53 and caspases. F3 has shown the highest solubility (1271.21 µg/mL), followed by F1 (1003.69 µg/mL), F2 (707.81 µg/mL) and GEF pure (303.85 µg/mL) in 0.1N HCl. Dissolution at 1.2 pH significantly enhanced the release from F3 (99.19%), followed by F1 (94.76%), F2 (85.70%) and GEF pure (37.26%) during 120 min. Complexation of GEF–TPGS with HP-β-CD significantly improved drug release with high dissolution efficiency (78.57%) in 24.9 min of mean dissolution time. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed crystalline to amorphous conversion of GEF in SDs, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis revealed no interaction between GEF and excipients. The IC50 values were 2.239, 3.135 and 4.471 µM for F3, F1 and GEF pure, respectively, against A549 cells. Increased expressions of p53 (5.9-, 4.6- and 3.04-fold), caspase-3 (5.38-, 3.78- and 3.01-fold) and caspase-9 (5.35-, 3.76- and 2.47-fold) in the case of F3, F1 and GEF pure, respectively, as compared to the untreated A549 cells indicated improved apoptotic potential of the SDs. TPGS SDs and their complexation with HP-β-CD improved the solubility, dissolution and efficacy of GEF against A549 cells. So, they can be a suitable alternative to the conventional GEF formulations against non-small-cell lung cancers.


In this paper, we follow up research of Vatne [23] related to how mentally ill patients could (and perhaps should) be treated. We propose, model, and analyze a simple sequential game of incomplete and asymmetric information where the patient moves first, signaling behavior which is observed by the therapist with lack or limited knowledge of the actual patient type. We assume greatly approximated strategy spaces both for patient and therapist, but will still claim that our results increase knowledge of this important relation. Knowledge that may be critically important in continued improved treatment of patients with mental illness.


The temperature and frequency function of the dielectric loss tangent of sapphire is explicitly formulated for the case of intrinsic absorption processes and discussed in the mm-wave range for its use in designing output windows of high power gyrotrons. The physical modelling is based on the 2-phonon model. Its validity is exemplified by results from high power studies based on temperature profile measurements and from low power studies based on resonator techniques.


The present examination elaborates on the thermal distribution and thermal stress analysis of a hyperbolic- and rectangular-profiled annular fin subjected to radiation, internal heat generation, and convection. The temperature-dependent nonlinear thermal properties governed by the power law are considered. The heat transport and steady-state thermal distribution in the fin are scrutinized using a mathematical model. The modeled equation has been converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using relevant non-dimensional terms. The resultant nonlinear coupled ODEs are solved analytically using the DTM-Pade approximant. The behavior of temperature distribution and thermal stress in the presence of various arising parameters is signified using graphical formations. The analytical results achieved from this investigation are compared to existing studies, and they show a good agreement. The thermal distribution in the fin is reduced as a result of elevated convective and radiative parameter values. Improved heat generation parameter values optimize the thermal distribution in the fin.


This paper mainly describes the working principle of Setup Toolkit which is Provided by Microsoft. How to use the Setup Toolkit to create preduct's installation program is also explained in this paper.


In the present research work will be carried out a literature review with secondary data, which will cite scientific articles that demonstrate studies on improvements in customs procedures and competitiveness to achieve efficiency and added value. The advantages of the application of the Authorized Economic Operators program, which has been established by the National Customs Service of Ecuador, SENAE, will be shown, as well as being duly reflected in the Organic Production Code, COPCI, in its incidence in The logistics process in the customs of Ecuador, and future impact on the sectors or operators of foreign trade involved in the customs system. This work has been argued with theoretical concepts of our legislation applied to the model or program implemented by Authorized Economic Operators and with norms or precepts stipulated in the government agencies regulating the national customs system, taking them as sources of research secondary data, as well as articles Of scientific journals or updated papers with the information on the subject, which give the academic guide to the present work, where the reader or who considers to take as reference the present work will find answers to academic concerns that have to do with the subject of study. This research has allowed us to know the function of the implementation of this program and to have a clear idea of the scope of the program, appreciating its benefits to the Ecuadorian customs and logistics service, which will undoubtedly be to improve current processes.


Objective To investigate the effect of foot massage with Chinese medicine in the treatment of insomnia. Methods In this paper, 93 cases of hospitalized patients with insomnia were randomly recruited into two groups. A treatment group with 47 cases was treated with foot massage, and a control group with 46 cases was treated with diazepam. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after being treated for 14 days. Results In the treatment group, the patients with good sleep quality accounted for 93.0% and poor sleep quality accounted for 17.0%; while in the control group, the patients with good sleep quality accounted for 52.2% and poor sleep quality accounted for 47.8%. The difference between the two gropus was significant (X2= 11.23, P<0.05 ) . Conclusion Foot massage with traditional Chinese medicine has good effects in improving sleep quality of insomnia patients.

Key words:
Insomnia;  Chinese medicine: Foot massage


Information technology has developed very rapidly, including its application in learning activities. The positive impact of these developments, namely the existence of e-learning technology. This technology can be a solution and alternative technologies to be used in the learning process. This research research & development by using models of development Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluation (ADDIE). This research aims to produce e-learning in the subject of Human Anatomy and Physiology held in July and October 2014, in Class Anatomy Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology Prodi UNM. Based on the results of this research note that e-learning is very useful in improving the effectiveness of the lecture course of human anatomy and physiology. Such improvements can be seen from the results of the content validation, response faculty, and *Korespondensi:


We define fuzzy soft irreducible sets, a-fuzzy soft irreducible sets in fuzzy soft topological spaces and study the properties including (fuzzy soft continuity; fuzzy soft homeomorphism and fuzzy soft topological properties) on a-fuzzy soft irreducible sets.


Objective: To investigate the enhancement effect of trillin on anti-cancer function of fluorouracil in cervical cancer cells. Methods: HeLa cells were treated with trillin (300 μg/mL), fluorouracil (10 μg/mL), and fluorouracil (10 μg/mL) plus trillin (30, 100 and 300 μg/mL), respectively. The inhibitory effects of trillin and fluorouracil on proliferation of HeLa cells were assayed by MTT method. Flow cytometry was applied to test the apoptosis of HeLa cells treated with trillin and fluorouracil. The expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Akt and other proteins in apoptosis-related signaling pathways in Hela cells were determined by Western blotting. The xenograft tumor model of human HeLa cells in nude mice was established, and the anti-tumor effect of trillin in vivo was tested after intraperitoneal injection of trillin (300 mg/kg), fluorouracil (10 mg/kg), and fluorouracil (10 mg/kg) plus trillin (300 mg/kg), respectively. Results: As compared with treatment with fluorouracil alone, the combination of trillin and fluorouracil could improve the inhibitory effect on proliferation and apoptosis of HeLa cells (both P < 0.05). The tumor formation in nude mice administrated with trillin plus fluorouracil was inhibited, and this inhibitory effect was more significant than that in nude mice treated with fluorouracil alone (P < 0.05). The combination of trillin and fluorouracil inhibited the expressions of phosphorylated MEK/ERK and Akt proteins in HeLa cells, increased the activation of caspase-3 protein, down-regulated Bcl-2 expression, and up-regulated Bax expression. Conclusion: Trillin can enhance the anti-cancer function of fluorouracil on cervical cancer. It is suggested that trillin may be used as a potential chemosensitizer. DOI:10.3781/j.issn.1000-7431.2014.11.442


As the automotive market expands and evolve, more electrical engineering challenges occurs when it comes to study the implications of technology usage in daily life. While there is a constantly evolving frequency of presence of electric vehicles (EVs) that depends on alternating current (AC) power supplies, more specifically, on AC (three-phase) charging systems, there may be no doubts of an increased demand for extended possibilities for studying and diagnosis of these systems, while they are easy to understand, maintained and improved. For this need, it is proposed a virtual instrument that can be adopted in education, maintenance services and research, as LabVIEW software environment provides simulation capabilities among strong features for potentially monitoring of power quality in AC (three-phase) charging systems, being an excellent choice for the targeted appliances.


Lepophidium brevibarbe and Ophidion welshi are the two most common species of cusk-eels off the coast of Texas. Lepophidium jeannae and Ophidion grayi also occur in the area but in lower numbers. Lepophidium brevibarbe and 0. welshi are short-lived and have different growth patterns. The Lepophidium species have extended spawning periods, whereas the Ophidion species have short spawning periods. Lepophidium brevibarbe occurs at a wide range of depths, but the other species have narrow depth distributions. The Lepophidium species are strictly nocturnal, but the Ophidion species are nocturnal and diurnal. Lepophidium brevibarbe has a skewed sex ratio favoring males; 0. welshi and L. jeannae have 1:1 sex ratios. Cusk-eels have life-history patterns similar to those of other dermersal fishes of the Gulf of Mexico.


The transportation of dangerous goods/hazardous chemicals is a hot issue in the area of industrial safety. This paper investigates route optimization for the transportation of Adipic acid based on the fuzzy compromise approach and the iterative algorithm, proposing a multi-point multi-objective decisionmaking model of road transportation routing with minimum transportation risk, minimum transportation cost and minimum sensitive population. The three objective functions are integrated with weights by path optimization and risk decision model. The optimal compromised solution is obtained using the extended label correcting method. The iterative algorithm is used to remove the road section with maximum risk and get the final optimized route. The final optimized route is obtained by multiple optimizations, which combines the dual advantages of extended label correcting method and the iterative algorithm. Compared with the optimized route obtained by only using one-off optimization, the proposed method can consider the weight of the multi-objective functions to better balance the relationship among different objectives and is better to meet the requirement of the government, the transporters and the general public. An example is used to demonstrate the model. Using the route optimization model proposed in this paper, it is feasible to acquire a good balance between the risks and benefits associated with hazardous chemical transportation.


Italy ranks first in production of grapes with an annual production of 83 lakh metric tons followed by France and United States with annual productions of 67 and 62 lakh metric tons respectively (Anonymous, 2018). India is the 13th largest producer of grapes accounting 2.24 per cent of the global production (Anonymous, 2015-16). In India, the area under grape is 1.36 lakh ha with an annual production of 26 lakh Mt (Anonymous201617).


Eighteen cases of malignant lymphoma associated with pregnancy observed at the National Cancer Institute of Milan from 1953 to 1968, are reported. Four patients without retroperitoneal adenopathies were treated prophilactically with endolymphatic radiotherapy (Lipiodol Fluide 181I) and became pregnant afterwards. Their pregnancy had a normal outcome. Two patients treated respectively during the first 4 months and from the 6th to the 7th month of pregnancy with antiproliferative agents (chlorambucil, vinblastine) delivered a normal infant while a third patient treated during the third month of pregnancy had a miscarriage. Two patients were treated with radiotherapy on adenopathies above the diaphragm and had normal pregnancy and delivery, with normal foetuses. The importance of diagnostic lymphography during pregnancy to define the stage of the disease and to plan the appropriate treatment is stressed. A therapeutic abortion is indicated only in presence of adenopathies below the diaphragm or in case of visceral involvement, discovered during the first three months of pregnancy. It was performed in one case after a lymphographic diagnosis of pelvic involvement.


Evacuation is an important problem in the study of seismic emergency and succor. In order to transfer people in danger to evacuate place in ninimum time and with the best efficiency, it must be the rational field distribution, the routs optimization in condition of seismic secondary disasters should be taken into account too. This paper was based on the model of organizational escape-seismic and evacuation, the arithmetic to optimize the evacuate routs in condition of seismic secondary disasters was made. And an example was taken to show the application of the arithmetic.


The difficulty of teaching in electronic fuel-injected engine lies in the electronic control system,the key of that is the signal analysis and test.In this paper,a electronic-controlled engine dynamic data analysis system that signal can be shown directly was designed,in which the ECU core device of control was disposed in plane and made into teaching,all of control circuits were connected to ECU,and all kinds of malfunctions were set through switch by operator,which were judged and cleaned by diagnostic instruments.An example was given to illustrate how to apply.This system is convenient to practical teaching and can be accepted easily by students.The design methods and ideas have certain reference for developing other teaching test equipments.


The main subject of the artic le is a pilot-project canied out at the Institute of Lexicography in Reykjavfk, lceland. The purpose of the project was to investigate the practi cality of translating and adjusting the Swedish LEXIN-material fo r use as a base for bilingual dictionari es for fo reign immigrants in iceland, much like the original Swedi sh material has been used for decades in Sweden. The possibility of using the translations already made for the Swedi sh bilingual dictionaries for their Icelandic counterparts was also evaluated. In the investigation, the main emphasis was put on two questions: (1) What is the proportion of absolute equi valents in the Swedish and Icelandic word li sts? (2) Does the adoption of the Swedish material yield an lcelandic word list that is representative enough for the vocabulary of lcelandic? The answer of the first question is important with respect to the use of translations toa third language as direct equi valency is a prerequi site for their usage. The result of this part was satisfacto ry as the proportion proved to be 60-70%. In order to seek an answer to the second question, the vocabulary appearing in the Icelandic LEXIN-translation was compared to two original Icclandic word li sts compiled on the basis of frcqucncy. The result of the comparison was that 50--70% of the words in the Icelandic li sts were represented in the LEXIN-translation and the di fference to a great part being cxplainable by specific lcelandic and Swedish vocabulary.


Summary form only given. Metallized exploding films can serve as a surrogate for exploding wires in many applications. A few advantages that films have over wires are that they are more structurally robust and can be shaped more easily for specific applications. If long films are desired, for example to reduce ESD sensitivity, the film can be shaped to fit in a variety of geometries. In our experiments, films as long as 13" have exhibited plasma formation. Experiments were performed to analyze the effect of the geometry of the film on the transient plasma formation. Tests with flat geometries and spiral geometries were conducted. The results have been analyzed and are presented.


This paper addresses the complexity and nonlinear dynamics that may arise in solid state transformers (SST). SST in contrast to the conventional transformer is prone to nonlinear and complex dynamics due to incorporation of power electronic (PE) converter and devices. This is because of nonlinear nature, interdependence and coupling, and feedbacks (e.g. control) of these converters. In this paper, the nonlinear and complex behavior of a SST connected to the power grid will be investigated by presenting some test results in normal or extreme operation of system. Then a methodology of complexity quantification will be proposed, which is a refinement of a popular measure called approximate entropy (ApEn). This methodology will be used to interpret some complex behavior of SST system. The detailed model and control scheme of SST including AC/DC rectifier, Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter and DC/AC inverter are developed to enable dynamic system level simulation.


This paper investigates the logic of explanation according to which identity is an attribute or a feature of subjects like states and nations. Drawing examples from the scholarship on identity in Central Europe, especially Estonia, it argues that the story by which identity is customarily told is circular, presupposing the very subject for which it seeks to give an account. The puzzle, then, is how to overcome the perspective of a subject already formed in order to account for its becoming. The paper deploys the concept of performativity to address that puzzle. Performative approaches do not treat identity as an attribute or a property of the subject – something that subjects such as individuals or states express. It conceives subjectivity explicitly in processual terms, not as a source but as an effect of identity claims. Identity then is not something that states, groups or individuals have, but something that groups and individuals do. Reframing identity research from doers to deeds opens up the discussions of actor-ness and subjectivity without dictating what kind of subjects can be realized.


Pursuant to the prescriptions of the current Criminal Law,the legislative attitude is that the crime in preparation should be punished in principle,which is thought to bring defects on criminal theory,legislation and justice.After analyzing,the author argued that the crime in preparation should not be punished in principle,but the serious crime in preparation should be punished based on criminal policy.So these penalties should be prescribed in the General Provision but the Specific Provision.


In this article we carried out the calculations of the depth distribution of implanted ions of arsenic and indium, loss of energy and cascade-probability functions in silicon. Comparison of the calculations with the experimental data is in the satisfactory agreement. The computer simulation and analysis of the characteristics of ions depending on the depth of penetration and the number of interactions were carried out.


We present a multi-agent system based on an evolutionary model used in computational musicology – a Social Composition System. Agents are given an emotional state and an abstract performance model based on Director Musices a computer system for expressive performance. As agents attempt to communicate their emotions, a simple composition process emerges based on the expressive performance between agents, the population's emotional profile, and the emotional preferences of each agent. This enables the emotional specification of a piece of music, and combines what are normally two separate processes: algorithmic composition and computer expressive performance. The iterative nature of the evolutionary method in our multi-agent system allows the generation of complex layers of expressive performance which generate sufficient levels of deviation to produce novel compositions.


BPPV is a vestibular disease which arises due to positional changes of head. Objective: To compare the efficacy of CRP & Liberatory maneuvers collectively in contrast to Betahistine alone for improving quality of life oof BPPV patients. Methods: After getting the approval from ERC of RIHS (Rawal Institute of Health Sciences) Islamabad, this study was conducted at Rawal General & Dental Hospital Islamabad from 20th September 2022 to 19th Jan 2023. 30 patients between age of 20-50 years with first episode of vertigo were included in this study. Two groups were formulated. Group A patients were given CRP (Epley's maneuver) & Liberatory maneuver (Semont's) whereas group B patients were given just Betahistine 16mg. Both techniques were used twice a day for one week. Tools used for assessment were DHI & SF-36. SPSS version 21 was employed for analysis. Results: Mean+SD of age was 32.40+10.91 in group A and 29.93+11.67 in group B. The frequency of age between 20-30 years old patients was 07(46.4%) in group A and 11(73.7%) in group B. The frequency in age group 31-40 & 41-50 was 04(26.8%) & 04(26.8%) in group A whereas in group B it was 04(26.3%) & 0(0%) respectively. within group analysis of both groups showed significant improvement (p<0.05) on. Between groups Analysis revealed insignificant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both maneuvers in combination are equally effective as Betahistine is in improving the quality of life of BPPV patients.


The study focuses on some aspects of lexicographic description of derivative words (formed through derivation) in various monolingual dictionaries of the contemporary Bulgarian language. Attention is drawn to the place of derivatives in the structure of single- and multi-volume dictionaries, with emphasis on the types of explanatory definitions of the words of mutational, modificational and transpositional type. As a result of the analysis, the following recommendations for a future lexicographical description are made: introduction of uniform principles for presenting the different types of derivatives in monolingual dictionaries (regardless of their volume); using an appropriate explanatory definition of the lexical meaning; revealing the motivational relationships between the derivative word and its generative counterpart; avoiding the nesting approach.


The polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated by binary initiator systems composed of a copper–amine complex type resin and organic halides has been studied. These binary systems initiated the polymerization of various vinyl monomers. A kinetic study of the polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by the copper–amine complex resin–CCl4 system was carried out, and it was found that the polymerization proceeds by way of a radical mechanism. This fact was also supported by the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with styrene. The overall activation energy of the polymerization of methyl methacrylate was estimated as 8.4 kcal/mole. The activity of the initiator systems was greatly dependent upon the dissociation energy of carbon–halogen bonds in the organic halides. A possible initiation mechanism with the binary systems is proposed and discussed.


An accurate seizure prediction system enables early warnings before seizure onset of epileptic patients. It is extremely important for drug-refractory patients. Conventional seizure prediction works usually rely on features extracted from Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings and classification algorithms such as regression or support vector machine (SVM) to locate the short time before seizure onset. However, such methods cannot achieve high-accuracy prediction due to information loss of the hand-crafted features and the limited classification ability of regression and SVM algorithms. We propose an end-to-end deep learning solution using a convolutional neural network (CNN) in this paper. One and two dimensional kernels are adopted in the early- and late-stage convolution and max-pooling layers, respectively. The proposed CNN model is evaluated on Kaggle intracranial and CHB-MIT scalp EEG datasets. Overall sensitivity, false prediction rate, and area under receiver operating characteristic curve reaches 93.5%, 0.063/h, 0.981 and 98.8%, 0.074/h, 0.988 on two datasets respectively. Comparison with state-of-the-art works indicates that the proposed model achieves exceeding prediction performance.


Subject : Na tu re He chooses Na tu re as his subject , probably because of his extended associat ion with the ea r th dur ing his boyhood. His father was a landscapis t and Marx spent many hours in the woods and fields of the e s t a t e s which his father worked on. His resu l tan t famil iar i ty with Nature is obvious in his work, but he is not merely a r ep re sen t a t i ve pa in ter of l andscapes . In fact, he docs nol seem to be as concerned with depicting the land, as he is with communica t ing its effect upon man .


ABSTRACT. 1. Geographical variability in, and temperature effects on, the mean date of adult flight period and the SD about this date are analysed for two univoltine, grassland butterflies in England and Wales from 1976 to 1985. Data were collected on the Butterfly Monitoring Scheme for Maniola jurtina (L.) at twenty‐nine sites and Pyronia tithonus (L.) at twenty sites.


The From Protection to Production (PtoP) project aims to identify the productive impacts of cash transfer programmes on household economic decision-making and the local economy. It takes advantage of ongoing impact evaluations of cash transfer programmes in seven sub-Saharan African countries to analyse the impact of these programmes on broader household economic activities, including labour supply and risk-sharing mechanisms and networks, as well as the local economy. The project is led by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and uses a mixed-methods approach, combining econometric analysis of impact evaluation data, simulation modelling of the village economy and qualitative methods. (?)


DOI: 10.21276/sjhss.2018.3.12.6 Abstract: The advent of Islam in the sixth century resulted in the formation of a new empire and a world civilization. With the rise of Islam, Muslims had made immense leaps forward in the area of Science and Technology. The Contribution of Islamic Civilization to Science and Technology from the 8th to 16th century is a noteworthy expansion in human antiquity. The Muslim Scientists not only conserved the ancient knowledge, but also transformed it into major new contributions to the basic science and technology. Muslim Scientists significantly contributed to human knowledge in various fields through their innovations. This contribution was so great that Islamic civilization has been the pioneer of the scientific, intellectual and cultural genius for a long period of time. This paper, therefore analyses the contributions of Islamic Civilization with particular references to sciences. It affirms that Islam is beyond only the religion of prayers and rituals. This paper will also try to shed a light on few works that have been carried out by the Muslim Scientists with a brief explanation on their work on applied sciences like Mathematics, Astronomy, Chemistry, Physics, Medicine and other branches of modern science.


Two metal-based magnetic functional fluids, Ga–Sn and Ga–In magnetic liquids, were fabricated by doping with Fe73.5Nb3Cu1Si13.5B9 metallic glass particles and nanoscale Fe3O4 particles, respectively. The saturation magnetization of the metallic glass particles, Fe73.5Nb3Cu1Si13.5B9, is about 125 emu g−1, nearly 50% larger than that of Fe3O4 crystalline particles which are usually used in water-based magnetic fluids. It is discovered that functional fluids, Ga85.8In14.2 and Ga91.6Sn8.4 alloy liquids, with Fe73.5Nb3Cu1Si13.5B9 particles exhibit high saturation magnetization as well as low coercivity and remanence. Furthermore, the magnetic hysteresis curves confirm that the liquid metal-based magnetic functional fluids with Fe73.5Nb3Cu1Si13.5B9 particles have higher magnetization than the metal-based Fe3O4 fluids. Owing to the high alloy boiling point more than 2000 K, the metal-based functional fluids should be useful materials for engineering applications when the surrounding temperature is relatively high. Interestingly, these functional fluids offer the properties of superior thermal or electrical conductivity over conventional water-based fluids.


In forming the prior art of the open top container body and the top lock of the cover in a closed container consisting of a lid for opening and closing blades and the engaging ribs of the container body to the binder, the engagement rib comes too sticking or locking ring jaw to lock wing when formed, there are products that are difficult to process in injection once more to go. If the subject innovation is not a base for installing clamping members (21) having a locking step 22 in the lower end to connect to the fact that it improves the disadvantages of the above, the container body 2 and the reinforcing border (23) of the upper outer side, here the effect that clamping members (21) supporting the reinforcement border 23 and the container body 2 in the form of a triangle area as a whole in and there.Aye more securely maintaining the shape of the container body, and a separate in the binder when the closed container (1) reinforcing this improves without gyeolchakryeok of the lid 3 and the container body 2 with a small force of, and also when to exit the cap, the binding groove 32 of the lid is gotta open it to the binding part (33) is a binding groove be formed in one piece (32) has the advantage of allowing the lid to the injection of the injection process once.


20591 Background: Given reports of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and bisphosphonate therapy (BPT), we conducted a 7-year review of patients receiving BPT in our clinic for clinical and radiographic evidence of ONJ. Our clinic population is a predominantly indigent population with poor access to dental care and, consequently, significant pre-existing dental disease. Methods: Pharmacy records and medical charts were reviewed from 9/99 to 11/06, identifying 255 patients given BPT; 14% received pamidronate exclusively and the rest zoledronic acid. The indication was multiple myeloma (14%), breast cancer (43%), and other solid tumors (43%). As the risk of ONJ increases with increasing duration of therapy, charts of 66 patients who received ≥ 10 cycles of therapy were analyzed further for clinical signs (jaw or facial pain), radiographic signs (plain films, CT/scans, or bone scans), and physical findings consistent with ONJ (dental abscesses and/or exposed bone). Radiology records were available for 66/66 and ...


The article deals with the issue of a personal deixis of the Buryat language shifter system's functioning personal possessive affixes. In this context, we study the function of the given affixes to regulate relations between members of the speech communication within the monological, dialogical, mixed texts. The analysis of language material actualized the relation of deictic elements with text creating and revealed the specifics of the double deixis' functions. Personal possessive affixes most often express the attitude of the speaker to a certain party of the speech act, serve as a means of identity references, organize semantic, structural integrity of the text in a dialogical and monological unity. Affixes, that are considered in the system of double personal deixis in mixed texts, participate in the distribution of communicative load among the participants of the communicative act, are used to distinguish and identify the antecedent, in other words, direct the reader in the text.


This research paper presents the results obtained based on a study on the impact of crossing the Svrljig pramenika and East Friesian sheep breed on the milk protein content and yield in the F1 generation of crossbreeds in the course of lactation. In all the three sheep breeds, while the difference between the first and last lactation months was of exceptionally high significance. The average protein content in the milk yielded by the East Friesian sheep and crossbreeds is very similar and amounts to 5.32% and 5.37%, while in the Svrljig Pramenka it was 5.53%. Based on the statistical significance appraisal of the differences in mean values of protein content in each stated breeds for the whole lactation period a highly significant difference between the Svrljig Pramenka and East Friesian sheep (p 0.05). The crossing of the stated breeds had an impact on the increase in the total yield of milk protein in the hallfbreeds (5948.72g), which is an increase of 1755.36g compared with that in the Svrljig Pramenka, and a decrease of only 237.36g in relation to that in the East Friesian sheep breed.


Neopentyl glycol and phospous oxytrichloride were used as the starting materials to synthesize neopentyl glycol chlorophosphate in the presence of triethylamine.The resulting neopentyl glycol chlorophosphate was then allowed to react with benzimidazoles derivatives generating novel mono-component P-N intumescent flame retardants(Ⅲa-c).The structure of the novel flame retardants was confirmed by means of elemental analysis,infrared spectrometry,mass spectrometry,and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Moreover,the thermal stability of the three kinds of flame retardants was evaluated by using thermogravimetric analysis.Results show that the synthesized intumescent flame retardants had high thermal stability and excellent char-forming ability.At 600 ℃,compounds Ⅲa-c had residual carbon(wt%) of 26.93%,23.62% and 18.75%,respectively.


Recently, there has been an increasing interest in ZnO due to its electrical, optical and piezoele-ctric properties making suitable for many applications such as light emitting diodes, photodetectors, surface acoustic waves device and so on. SAW filters with working frequency higher than 1 GHz will be widely applied in the intending wireless communication, whereas higher resonant frequencies (superior to 2.5 GHz) tend to push the limits of conventional photolithography. ZnO/diamond structure as SAW substrates offers an attractive means for relaxation of the lithographic criteria since ZnO has excellent piezoelectricity while diamond has the highest elastic and stiff coefficient and highest sound velocity. The use of ZnO based on diamond as SAW substrates offers an attractive means for relaxation of the lithographic criteria since diamond has the highest stiff coefficient and sound velocity. SAW devices have been reported based on ZnO/diamond/Si layered structures with a diamond layer of 10~100 μm deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. However the silicon substrate restricts the heat dissipation performance of the diamond films. In regard of actual applications, a ZnO/diamond layered structure without a silicon substrate can make full use of the outstanding thermal, elastic, and sound velocity characteristics of diamond while avoiding restriction of heat dispassion due to additional silicon substrates. High quality ZnO films are currently the foundation of device preparation and the variation of deposition technological parameters is an important factor to obtain ZnO films with high quality.In this paper, ZnO thin films have been prepared on the smooth nucleation surfaces of freestanding CVD thick diamond films by reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. With the variation of O2/Ar, the growth and optical properties of the ZnO films are characterized experimentally by X-ray diffraction, room temperature photoluminescence spectra, and electron probe microanalysis and Hall measurements. The results indicate that the ZnO film deposited with a O2/Ar ratio of 1 is of c-preferred orientation and high resistivity and has the best optical property.


The race for realizing a feasible framework for the Internet of Things (IoT) is indeed of increasing pace. Yet, none of the paradigms on the table consider building a system from scratch. Simply put, much has been invested (research and industry) in developing two key enabling technologies; namely Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and RFID systems. The abundance and self-sustained operation of these technologies potentiate a truly diverse bed for the plethora of applications the IoT is envisioned to encompass. We note the application-specific approach, currently dominant in WSN research, a true hindrance to its adaptability in a realizable IoT framework. In remedy, we present a novel paradigm in WSNs to efficiently utilize network resources, and extend it to a platform for multiple applications to cross-utilize resources over multiple WSNs. Our system is composed of three successive phases, namely: identifying the resources available in a given deployment of WSNs, and calibrating their usability based on a set of attributes. Then, a set of functional requirements is drawn from the applications to run on these WSNs. Finally we present a formulation for an optimization problem that maps these functional requirements to the available resources. The resulting paradigm potentiates the utilization of WSNs, not only for accommodating multiple applications, but for dynamically allocating resources when needed in a larger IoT framework. We present the formulation aided by a use case. Finally, this work concludes with a set of open research topics stemming from IoT realization efforts, and the integration efforts for its enabling technologies.


Adam B. Evans, Sine Agergaard, Paul Ian Campbell, Kevin Hylton and Verena Lenneis Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department for Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Media, Communications and Sociology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom; Centre for Sport and Social Justice and Centre for Race, Education and De-coloniality, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom; Carnegie School of Education, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom


Neurobiology is a cross subject,in which"Language and Attention"is an impor-tant chapter as a hotspot involved with physiology,psychology,anatomy and biology.Inorder to im-prove the teaching efficiency,it is necessary to apply the techniques such as arranging the content logically,giving prominence to the emphases and breaking through the difficulty,using interactive teaching method and collocating the assistant method rationally. Through this way,it is easier for the students to get interested in this chapter and grasped the content.


We develop a framework for measuring and analyzing medium-run departures from balanced growth, and apply it to developments in the euro area. A time-varying factor-augmenting production function (mimicking directed technical change) with below-unitary substitution elasticity is shown to account for the observed dynamics of factor incomes shares, TFP growth, and its components. Based on careful data accounting, we also identify a rising markup and the importance of financial-market regulations in the 1970s. The balanced growth path emerges as a special (and testable) case of our framework, as do existing strands of medium-run debates.


The copolymerization of styrene with acetonitrile initiated by vibratory milling is investigated. The factors affecting the conversion (comonomer ratio and milling time) and the solubility of the copolymer are studied. The determined values of the reactivity ratio show that styrene is more reactive than acetonitrile.


As a step to improve relative accuracy test for continuous water monitoring equipment (CWMS) and to respond to consolidated effluent limitation guideline for the effluents discharged to surface water and municipal sewage treatment plant, this study proposes scientifically proven and reasonable methods for relative accuracy test. The current relative accuracy test of the performance standards for CWMS does not accurately reflect accuracy of the equipment especially tested by water samples containing low contents of target analytes. This study focuses on accuracy test and proposes new accuracy test methods considering minimum detectable level (MDL) and effluent characteristics through the comparison of standards of MCERTs, JIS and ISO. MCERTs suggested 10% of standard reference methods as performance standard when the measured reading value is above 0.5 mg/L. Otherwise it applies ± 0.05 mg/L. Therefore, this study sets up suitable percent (%) area of standard reference methods over item specific standard and decides special value considering percent of main test method (corresponding suitable area) error as suitable standard of error. This study presents improvement suggestion 20% of current standard, 10% of UK and Japan and 15% of standard considering domestic conditions as percent (%) of main test method and suggests suitability and effectiveness of the results of the performance standards.


The immune system, which is profoundly affected by the microbiota composition and activity, plays an anti-tumorigenic role by surveying for and killing cancer cells. Indeed, recent studies found the microbiota to be essential for the success of cancer immunotherapy treatments in mice, while the bacterial effectors remain unknown. We developed an innovative high throughput screening system to isolate microbiota-derived effectors that modulate the ability of immune cells to kill cancer cells. We utilize the mouse CT26 colon carcinoma cell line as targeT-cells and the GSW11 specific CCD2Z T-cell hybridoma cell line as the effector cells. Bacterial DNA extracted from fecal contents of mice bearing colorectal tumors served for generation of metagenomics libraries. Supernatnants of the metagenomic clones were added to the CT26-CCD2Z co-culture and CCD2Z activation was measured using a LacZ reporter, regulated by NFAT. We identified about 40 clones that activate CCD2Z cells. We performed secondary screens and tested the activation of CD8+ T-cells sorted from mouse spleens. We sequenced the metagenomic DNA of several clones and analyzed the coding sequences. Currently, we are sub-cloning the clones to find the microbial genes responsible for CD8+ T-cell activation and design strategies for isolation of active molecules from these bacterial supernatnats. Finally, we hope that our future results could be taken to the clinic and serve for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics. Citation Format: Lior Lobel, Wendy S. Garrett. Identifying novel effectors of the gut microbiota that modulate cancer cell killing by CTLs using functional metagenomics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B066.


ALTHOUGH lactic acidosis has frequently been reported in diabetes, its simultaneous occurrence with ketoacidosis is alleged to be rare.1 This report describes two diabetic patients demonstrating that ketoacidosis may be artifactually underestimated in the presence of lactic acidosis, and that an unexpectedly weakly reacting serum nitroprusside test,† in the presence of severe metabolic acidosis, should arouse suspicion of lactic acidosis. The nitroprusside reaction, specific for acetoacetate, does not reflect total "ketones," because an increased ratio of beta-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate may accompany an elevated ratio of lactate to pyruvate and lead to underestimation of the severity of ketoacidosis. Case Reports Case . . .


Composite membranes based on complexing macrocyclic compounds (crown ethers and cryptands) have been studied. These compounds were included into a polyorganosiloxanic matrix in an attempt to obtain new ion-selective materials. This macrocycle/polyorganosiloxane constitutes the active phase of the membrane which was prepared via the sol–gel method and then used to fill a fibrous support of borosilicate. Characterization, by chemical and thermal analysis, FTIR and NMR spectroscopies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), reveals a homogeneous distribution of the entrapped macrocycles in the polyorganosiloxane network. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies of the composite membranes have been carried out in order to evaluate their ionic transport properties when they are in contact with aqueous salt solutions. From the impedance spectra, the ionic resistance values of the membranes are obtained which vary according to the nature and concentration of the involved macrocyclic compound. The presence of these macrocycles produces a significant decrease in the ionic resistance compared with membranes without macrocyclic compounds. The ionic resistance of these systems is also strongly related to the nature of the electrolyte and to its concentration. Thus, cations exhibiting greater hydration energies show a higher ionic resistance. As an example, for a membrane doped with 12C4 crown ether the Ri values are 213, 128, 109 and 99 kΩ when the electrolyte consists of 10–2 mol I–1 solutions of LiCl, NaCl, KCl and CsCl, respectively. The selectivity of the membranes towards different ions, as well as the reversibility of the electrochemical response when the nature and concentration of the ions is changed, highlights the potential of these materials for sensor applications.


Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. One effort to prevent the spread of the disease is vector control. The use of insecticides is a form of vector control in an effort to control DHF. There are two broad categories of insecticides that are often used as household insecticides, namely insecticides that function to kill insects and insecticides that function to repel insects. Kedondong (Spondias pinnata) which is a family of anacardiaceae which generally grows well in tropical climates. Kedondong bark contains saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids which are secondary metabolites involved in defense mechanisms against attack by many microorganisms. This study aims to determine the biolarvicidal activity of the ethanol extract of kedondong stem bark in killing Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. This study used 5 treatments and 3 replications. Each treatment contained 20 Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. Observations were made for 24 hours with observation times of 0 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours. The time calculation starts after the larvae are inserted into the experimental bottle. The results showed that kedondong bark extract was able to kill Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. The effective dose of ethanol extract of kedondong stem bark in killing Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae is 20 mg/mL.


Recent experimental data for anomalous magnetic moments strongly indicates the existence of new physics beyond the Standard Model. Energetic μ + bunches are relevant to μ + rare decay, spin rotation, resonance and relaxation (μSR) technology, future muon colliders, and neutrino factories. In this paper, we propose prompt μ + acceleration in a nonlinear toroidal wakefield driven by a shaped steep-rising-front Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) laser pulse. An analytical model is described, which shows that a μ + beam can be focused by an electron cylinder at the centerline of a toroidal bubble and accelerated by the front part of the longitudinal wakefield. A shaped LG laser with a short rise time can push plasma electrons, generating a higher-density electron sheath at the front of the bubble, which can enhance the acceleration field. The acceleration field driven by the shaped steep-rising-front LG laser pulse is about four times greater than that driven by a normal LG laser pulse. Our simulation results show that a 300 MeV μ + bunch can be accelerated to 2 GeV and its transverse size is focused from an initial value of w 0 = 5 μm to w = 2 μm in the toroidal bubble driven by the shaped steep-rising-front LG laser pulse with a normalized amplitude of a = 22.


Propose a multi-source image matching method for SPOT 5 and aerial imagery after aero-triangulation to achieve accurate positioning of new SPOT images. Firstly, GCPs are extracted as matching points from GCP database constructed by aero-triangulation results. Secondly, the initial position of matching points on SPOT image is predicted based on original RPC parameters, and preliminary registration of aerial GCPs and SPOT image are achieved by block-by-block rectification. Thirdly cross-correlation matching strategy is carried out to get corresponding points. At last matching errors are eliminated using RANSAC algorithm, and accurate RPC parameters are obtained to achieve accurate positioning of SPOT. The experiments verified the method can automatically achieve precise positioning of SPOT-5 image with existing aerial triangulation results, and no outside work for GCPs is needed


erful, sweeping, and controversial law that addresses many aspects of public school education. In fact the law, which is the most recent reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), is arguably the most significant piece of federal education legislation in history. In the few years since its enactment, NCLB has dramatically increased the federal role in education and has required states, school districts, and schools to focus on the outcomes of teaching. This is because Congress's primary goal in passing NCLB was to hold states and public schools accountable for improving student achievement in reading and math. The controversies notwithstanding, NCLB has had a great effect on the way public school students are educated in America (Yell & Drasgow, 2005). No Child Left Behind affects all students in general education programs and students with disabilities who attend special education programs for part or all of their instruction. The law requires that schools demonstrably improve student achievement so that all public school students are proficient in reading and math by the end of the 2013–2014 school year. Moreover, NCLB mandates that states develop measurable milestones for schools to use to gauge their success in improving student achievement until the goal of 100% student proficiency is reached by the deadline. These measurable milestones that schools must achieve are called adequate yearly progress. No Child Left Behind influences many other aspects of public education too. For example, the law (a) mandates that teachers of academic core subjects become highly qualified, (b) provides federal money to educate low-achieving students in reading through the Reading First grants, and (c) requires that programs using federal money be based on programs that have been demonstrated to be effective by rigorous scientific research. Despite the sweeping nature of this law, the aspects that may be having the greatest impact on schools are the accountability provisions. In this article, therefore, we have chosen to focus on the accountability mechanism of NCLB, which is adequate yearly progress (AYP). First, we review the major purpose of NCLB. Second, we explain the AYP mandate. Third, we discuss how AYP will affect students with disabilities. Finally, we offer recommendations to teachers, administrators, and teacher trainers to help students meet the AYP requirements of NCLB.


In commenting on two propositions of the theory of literature and art that are very influential in the past 20 years of our country from Karl R. Popper's scientific view, this text points out that the two propositions,i.e. the multi_synthesis theory and the aesthetic ideology theory, are ' non_falsifiable' and can't be regarded as progress in the theory of literature and art.


By analyzing the symbolic value that the main predators bore in medieval animal literature, this paper attempts to highlight the anticlerical critique made against the Franciscan friars in Bergadis' "Apokopos 217-8", in which the friar is compared to a kite, in order to arrive at the ultimate positive meaning of the simile as far as the virtuous widows are concerned.


The following research is about the millenarian people between 16 to 35 years, the urban of Riobamba city; it will be pretend to determine the characteristics that depend on the context in which they develop: economic area; geographical, religious and political one, which are the study's support, by allowing the analysis of its incidence through social networks. The promotion of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs).

They have generated new ways of knowledge and interaction through virtual platforms, this is reflected in the use of social networks and especially in the importance they have achieved. The research was of interest and feasibility because it considers knowing, identifying and describing the processes that take place during the interrelation of the millennials and prosumers of information in social networks. This interest appears since social networks have a significant influence on the identity of millennials and influence their daily live, people go on to build various identities that are gradually supplying and discarding consciously or unconsciously the traditions and customs of their succeeding generations. The present study is relevant since it will be able to understand the ideals thoughts, behaviors, tastes and interests that millennials have as prosumers when they browse social networks, what they mean and that they have the same symbols of interaction with the background The following results were found: 95% of the sample is considered prosumers, emphasizing their preference form the use of social networks for information, communication and publication of different types of contents: audio, videos, texts and images.


THE failure until recently of the nonsurgical management of ascites has led to several operative approaches to the problem. Omentopexy is no longer considered of value. Portacaval and splenorenal anastomoses1 , 2 are long and difficult operations, with a high mortality rate in patients with intractable ascites. The successful treatment of 5 out of 6 patients by the insertion of a glass Murphy button connecting the peritoneal cavity and the subcutaneous tissues of the abdominal wall was reported in 1946.3 Previously sporadically employed, the button operation had been discarded because of consistent plugging of the lumen by the patient's omentum. The button . . .


The aim of the study to evaluate the phytoplankton population, composition and distribution in a sampling of stretch with polluted by some industries in Cauvery river. There were 15 species of phytoplanktons identified. Totally 360 organisms per ml of phytoplanktons were observed in the stretch of kuruppanaikenpalayam. Phytoplankton was a well known organisms to monitoring the polluted water. In this present investigation, there was fluctuated condition noticed in diversity and composition of phytoplankton communities altered by pollution at the selected stretch of the Cauvery river. Also, variations occurred in water quality criteria.


When the pelagic tunicate Pegea confoederata is presented with concentrations of particulate material equivalent to levels found in neritic areas, its feeding mechanism is disrupted. A bolus is formed that blocks the esophagus, dramatically decreasing the amount of material that enters the stomach. This bolus never occurs at particle concentrations ~0.5 ppm, and always forms at particle concentrations >S.O ppm. For oceanic waters, 0.5 ppm lies in the upper range of values, so that it appears that P. confoederata is adapted for feeding on average concentrations of particulate material in the open sea. These results are in contrast to those with most of the Calanoid copepods that have been studied. Because P. confoederuta feeds on oceanic average amounts of food, it can be more evenly distributed throughout the great oceanic central water masses, decreasing the likelihood of its discovery by predators. The great majority of experimental work on marine planktonic suspension feeders has been done on copepods, particularly neritic species of Calanus and Acartia. Although the understanding of the basic feeding biology of these species is presently in a state of flux, there is a general consensus that certain responses of these animals seem clear-cut, and these have been incorporated into grazing models (e.g. Steele 1974; Steele and Frost 1977). It appears that some calanoid copepods cease to feed (or feed at greatly reduced rates) at low concentrations of food (threshold feeding behavior). Likewise, above a certain concentration of food (the critical concentration), the clearance rate drops, and ingestion remains maximal and constant as food concentration is increased (but see Conover and Huntley 1980). Thus some calanoids can regulate their feeding rates in response to changing concentrations of phytoplankton. However Mullin and Brooks (1976) have shown that one species of Calanus cannot meet its respiratory and growth requirements at average levels of food in the ocean. This has led to the logical conclusion, perhaps expressed most succinctly by Steele (1980, p. 6) that "it is unlikely that any group could survive if it had


The effect of LATS on protein synthesis in the mouse thyroid in vivo was compared to the action of TSH. A single injection of LATS or TSH in a thyroxine pretreated mouse failed to stimulate the incorporation of 3H-leucine into thyroidal protein. Injection of LATS for 5 days caused increased thyroid weight, augmented protein content, and increased incorporation of 3H-leucine. The specific activity of incorporated radioactivity per mg thyroid protein was significantly increased. Feeding a low iodine diet for 12 days increased incorporation of radioactivity and specific activity. Treatment with LATS or TSH for 8 days produced marked goiter formation accompanied by a high 131I thyroidal uptake. LATS stimulates protein synthesis in the thyroid, as does TSH. LATS does not appear to damage the thyroid cell since chronic exposure leads to marked goiter formation. (Endocrinology 85:344,1969)


Constructed from the digital traces of past cyberformances, The Net and the Butterfly is an allegorical cyberformance about the challenges of documenting live online performance, transforming conventional notions of the separation of 'live performance' and 'performance documentation'. This article presents the performance script as another layer in the process of documenting a cyberformance.