The purpose of the article is to analyze the damage rate of overhead power transmission lines (OPL) in medium-voltage electrical distribution networks of the Irkutsk region. The established International Indices that determine the level of reliability of the functioning of electric networks are considered, and information on the compliance of the condition of electric networks in Russia with these indices is analyzed. Analytical information on the damage rate of elements of these networks and their causes in Europe, America, and Russia is presented. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the most common damage is characteristic of overhead power lines, especially 6–10 kV lines. As an object of research, two branches of the Irkutsk electric grid company (IEC) were taken, one of which provides electricity to rural consumers, the other — mainly to consumers residing in the territory of the city Irkutsk. The characteristics of these electric networks, their territorial location and basic technical data are presented. To conduct analytical monitoring of the level of reliability of overhead power transmission lines, logs of disconnection of the Eastern and Southern electric networks of the IEC over a long-term period were used. On the basis of this information, tables of failures and their consequences in the studied electrical networks were compiled for monthly average data over the period under examination for various causes of damage. To plot time diagrams of the parameters under examination, computer programs were compiled in the Matlab system, the use of which made it possible to obtain visualization of changes in failures for various reasons for the electrical networks under consideration. The information on the time of power supply interruptions in these networks, as well as the amount of electricity underutilized by consumers during these interruptions and its cost are analyzed. It is shown that in the electric networks under consideration, most of the power failures are related to the territorial dispersion of these networks, and the low level of equipment controls and insufficient qualification of operating personnel, as evidenced by the significant number of failures for unknown reasons. Besides, a significant part of the failures is due to damage to the overhead line wires, switching equipment and the effect of wind load. Recommendations for improving the condition of power transmission lines and a number of measures aimed at improving the level of reliability of power supply are presented.


More than one hundred samples of European beers have been investigated by the new SNIF-NMR method which is based on 2H NMR at the natural abundance level and enables site-specific natural isotope fractionation factors in ethanol to be determined. The relative (R) and absolute (D/H)i, parameters are shown to be characteristic of the country where the beers are brewed and the observed variations are explained in terms of cereal composition, water resource, and manufacturing processing (fermentation, yeast, temperature cycle). These new parameters find analytical and mechanistic applications in the identification of a beer and in the investigation of a fermentation process.


In using vehicles, man is subjected to the influence of the vibratory environment. This influence may be represented by a system of random functions. The studies performed so far on the effect of oscillatory loads on the fatigue of man are in most cases based on monitoring the effects of one of the components of harmonic oscillations (e.g. the vertical or lateral components, etc.). More recent efforts are aimed at exploring phenomena of fatigue in subjects exposed to random vibrations. It should be noted that the results obtained so far are relatively scarce, relating to individual actions of the component of translatory accelerations. An attempt is made in the present paper to define more closely the behaviour of man subjected to random oscillations by way of monitoring translational oscillatory loads on the waist during the process of stationary normal walking on a group of 35 subjects. The investigation carried out indicates that man subjected to the simultaneous action of translational oscillatory loads tolerates the vertical oscillations better than the lateral and fore–and–aft oscillations up to about 3 Hz. Between approx. 3 and 6 Hz the fore–and–aft oscillations are tolerated better than the vertical oscillations, whereas between 3.5 and 5 Hz the lateral oscillations are tolerated better than the vertical oscillations. Above 6 Hz man tolerates the vertical oscillations better than the fore–and–aft oscillations, and above 5 Hz the same is true for the vertical and lateral oscillations, respectively. The result obtained maybe used for the purpose of proposing the standards for the assessment of the effects of simultaneous action of the translational random oscillatory loads on the fatigue of man.


Has been configured for autonomic failover can include a grid coordinator communicatively linked to the grid hosts many service monitor grid. Metric memory may be connected to the monitor and configured to store service metrics single service instance in a grid host. Optimization logic can be programmed into a set of service instances in the grid is stored in the host fails measure and a measure of the platform between the proposed replacement grid host to determine the calculated "best match." Finally, a failover processor can be connected to the monitor and the optimization logic and communicatively linked to the grid hosts to create a new set of service instances in the proposed replacement grid host, calculated according to the optimization logic " best match "service instance replace a failed grid host in the set.


Concentrated kaolin pulps are utilized as coatings in the chemical industry. During pulp application, high shear rates are obtained. Elevated shear rates associated to high viscosities incite difficulties on the lamina movement generating risks, bubbles or even tearing the paper. To minimize this effect pH adjustment and addition of dispersant agents to the pulp are made. The aim of this work was to study the colloidal behavior of the Coat 90 Prado region (Bahia State) kaolin pulps, through zeta potential and rheological evaluations combined with the classical DLVO theory. The data analysis showed that the pulps presented thixotropic behaviour and that the apparent pulp viscosity, at the same shear rates and time intervals, first reduced with pH increasing and then stablized at a particular constant pH value. On the other hand, there is a total interaction energy value which provides a maximum degree of stability/dispersion to the pulp.


Massive amounts of investments in clean technologies (e.g., solar energy, electric vehicles) are needed in order to limit global temperature rise below 2°C. Experts estimate that the world needs to invest $12.1 trillion globally over the next 25 years. To put this fi gure in perspective, it would require increasing the current level of investment by $210bn per year, a bit less than Portugal's GDP.


Usually, shareable high level software (HLS) packages which perform machine physics calculations have to be run off-line on a specially prepared set of data. The programs that perform the necessary measurements contain explicit references to the underlying control system and are built with specific equipment in mind. Both reasons make it difficult to adopt existing HLS to another accelerator without substantial modifications. An approach to overcome these limitations has been attempted at ELETTRA, a 2 GeV electron storage ring. The HLS applications use a) a data structure which uniquely describes the accelerator and is dynamically generated at runtime from a dedicated database and b) a set of utility routines which transparently access the control system and perform machine physics related calculations. Both the data structure and the routines are based on common accelerator physics concepts and are not specific to ELETTRA. The user interface of the applications, which form a complete set of on-line commissioning and operations tools, is consistently realized with the X11/Motif toolkit and the code is written in the language C. Therefore, most of the applications, which total an effort of 10+ person-years, can easily be transferred to other accelerators as long as their control system uses UNIX workstations. The data structure, the utility routines and a generalization of the concepts needed to obtain a completely portable set of HLS applications are presented in this paper.


The dairy sector has been going through a severe cr isis during the last decades. A crisis that shows c lear signs when analyzing, simultaneously, production, t he number of dairy farms, the number of dairy processors, exports, and the different competitiven ess global indicators. The number of dairy farms ha decreased by 77% between 1983 and 2008, going from 40,000 to 9,140 dairy farms during the period (Gutman, 23; CAN; ONCCA, 2008).


PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for aligning a wafer are provided to improve the efficiency of alignment by performing an alignment process on objects of various shapes. CONSTITUTION: A first wafer holder (10) holds a first wafer. A second wafer holder (20) holds a second wafer. A holder moving part (30) moves the first wafer holder or/and the second wafer holder. At least one monitoring part monitors the edge part of the first and the second wafer. A control part controls the holder moving part.


Manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) particle was synthesized and introduced into epoxy resin to be microwave absorber. The spectroscopic characterization of the formation processes of MnO 2 was studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microwave absorbing properties with different volume fractions of Mn0 2 were investigated by measuring complex permittivity, complex permeability and reflection loss in the 2-18 and 18-40 GHz microwave frequency range using the free space method. The absorbing performance of MnO 2 -epoxy composites at same sample thickness and at various sample thickness were also studied. It was found that the best absorbing property and an absorption frequency range shifting could be obtained at the frequency range of 2-18 and 18-40 GHz.


SEVERAL INTERPRETERS OF MELVILLE'S FIRST BOOK, TYPEE: A PEEP at Polynesian Life (1846), sense beneath the narrator's tone of bonhomie towards the natives a feeling of revulsion that arises out of more than his anxiety of not knowing whether he will become a cannibal meal.I Milton Stem, in his landmark analysis of the novel, suggests that Tommo finally finds himself discontent in the valley of the Typees because he dreads succumbing to mental torpor, to a day-to-day complacency, that, however pleasurable when compared to the toils and brutalities of shipboard life, cannot satisfy the questing, essentially modem Western hero.2 More recent critics, schooled in the dangers of ethnocentric "othering," have chided Tommo for failing to sustain an initial sympathy for the alien ways of the Typee tribe. Mitchell Breitwieser and John Samson, for instance, forcefully argue that Tommo's ambivalent response to native culture is shaped more by the conflicted mid-Victorian American values he brings with him than by his comprehension of what the real Typees may have been like. Both challenge, and in essence condemn, Tommo for the poverty of his ethnographic method.3 Their readings are cogent, yet they also continue -although with a reverse emphasis, because they implicitly celebrate native culture -the tradition begun by Stem of strongly dichotomizing the themes of Typee about the geographical antithesis of antebellum America, on the one hand, and the sequestered world of the Typees, on the other. In a usefully nontraditional reading, Wai-chee Dimock observes that,


There are description of specific social-psychological adaptation through  using of the individual peculiarities of adaptation strategies and building a repertoire of social roles. The reseach also examines aggressive behavior, which  we treat as a violation of the rights of others  and bringing them damage, leading to the destruction of interpersonal relationships and social problems of the individual.  Aggressive behavior is one of the early signs of maladaptive personality.


With the maturity of network multimedia technology, traditional French listening teaching can not fully adapt to the trend of the times. Based on the author's many years of teaching experience, firstly, this paper analyzes the importance of listening courses in the basic learning stage of French, and then analyzes the present situation of French listening teaching in domestic colleges, finally proposes a new approach to teaching based on network multimedia technology.


Purpose: This paper studies the linkage between proactive personality and social support with career adaptability amidst final year undergraduate students at a university in the northern region of Malaysia.
Design/Methodology/Approach: 257 questionnaires were distributed but only 188 were received and analysed. Regression analysis was used to determine the linkage relating proactive personality and social support with career adaptability.
Findings: Results indicates there is positive relationship and significance relating proactive personality and career adaptability. Likewise, positive relationship and significance exist relating social support and career adaptability.
Implications/Originality/Value: Proactive personality and social support are variables which essentially influence career adaptability among students. This result gives implication on how career advisors, lecturers and parents can channel efforts in making fresh graduates highly adaptable in their chosen careers.


This study aimed to provide comprehensive overview regarding the main points to be considered in designing customer experience for fashion concept stores. For this study, participant observation was conducted with ten experts from involved disciplines such as fashion branding, fashion retailing, experience design and experiential marketing. Prior to the main study, focus group interview was carried out with five experts from design and fashion retailing to select the best practice for participant observation. The data from participant observation was analyzed using a qualitative thematic framework analysis method. Reviewing previous literature and drawing on participant observation, it was possible to identify three key considerations for the design of customer experience for fashion concept stores, which were classified into the following categories: 1) orchestration of all the touch points in line with brand identity, 2) engaging customer on an emotional level through designing sensorial experience of customers and 3) evoking meaningful customer experience through providing cultural experience. In addition, a conceptual framework presenting a list of individual stimuli in respect of designing customer experience for fashion concept store was developed based on the findings from literature review as an audit tool. It would be expected to enable fashion concept stores to evaluate current use of experience design in their stores from a holistic point of view. Considering that customer experience is not driven by a single point but from all the points around customers, it is essential to have a holistic perspective regarding the environmental dimensions of retail atmospheric. In this respect, the information from this study may be potentially useful for fashion concept stores in terms of providing comprehensive overview regarding the main points to be considered when they design quality customer experience.


Air leaks following thoracic surgery continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In contemporary thoracic surgery, many aspects of post-surgical air leaks are still controversial. In developing countries like Colombia, state-of-the-art technology such as newer digital drainage systems are not always available, and surgeons rely primarily on water seal systems for air leak management. Although efforts are being made to increase the use of newer digital systems, being a third-world country has its challenges, and we emphasize the importance of following international guidelines as much as possible, especially when facing complex situations such as perioperative air leaks with limited resources.


This paper presents a dual-aptamer scheme to cancel the signal drifts from structure-switching aptamers during long-term monitoring. Electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) biosensors recently demonstrated their great potential for in vivo continuous monitoring. Nevertheless, the detection accuracy is often limited by the signaling drifts. Conventionally, these drifts are removed by the kinetic differential measurements (KDM) when coupled with square-wave voltammetry. Yet we discover that KDM does not apply to every aptamer as the responses at different SWV frequencies heavily depend on its structure-switching characteristics and the redox reporters' electron transfer (ET) kinetics. To this end, we present a"dual-aptamer"scheme that uses two aptamers responding differentially to the same molecular target for drift cancellation. We identify these paired aptamers through (1) screening from the existing aptamers pool and (2) engineering the signaling behavior of the redox reporters. We demonstrate their differential signaling to ampicillin and ATP molecules and show that the aptamer pair bears common drifts in undilute goat serum. Through cancellation, sensor drift is reduced by 370-fold. Benefiting from the"differential"signaling, the recording throughput is also doubled using differential readout electronics. The authors believe the proposed technique is beneficial for long-term in vivo monitoring.


Water plays an important role in the formation of planetary systems. Where the protoplanetary disk is sufficiently cold, water freezes out onto dust grains, increasing the prospects of giantplanet formation outside this snow line. In those regions that are warm enough for water vapor to persist, the inner several AU of the disk and the exposed disk surface further out, water emission lines offer powerful probes of the conditions in the disk. And the presence of water, either as a vapor, an ice, or locked up in hydrous minerals, offers clues to the origin of terrestrial oceans. Essentially blocked out by the Earth's atmosphere, thermal emission lines of water require spacebased instruments to be detected. A large and sensitive single-aperture instrument can detect water emission lines at far-infrared wavelengths (50–500 μm) in many disks; and spatially resolved imaging requires a far-infrared interferometer array operating at these same wavelengths. 1. Water in planet-forming disks Measurements with the SWAS satellite (e.g, Bergin et al. 2000) have shown that water is an interstellar chameleon. On the one hand, in warm (>200 K) regions of interstellar molecular clouds its abundance relative to H2 can rise ~10-4 when all oxygen is driven into water by gas-phase reactions. On the other hand, in dense regions colder than ~90 K, water rapidly freezes out onto dust grains and its abundance drops by four orders of magnitude or more. The conditions in the disks that surrounds newly formed stars – the likely birth sites of future planetary systems – run through an even more extreme range of temperatures and densities than can be found in interstellar clouds. From the dense and cold mid-planes, temperatures rise and densities drop with increasing height in these flared disks. With decreasing distance to the central star, temperature also increases from ~10–20 K at a few hundred AU to hundreds of K with 1 AU. The ultraviolet and X-ray radiation from the young star or from neighboring young stars also strongly affects the chemistry of the disk gas, evaporating or desorbing molecules from the ice mantles of dust grains into the gas phase, but also dissociating many species. These complex environments in protoplanetary disks suggest that water is likely to be present at abundances that show a similar large range in relative abundance (four orders of magnitude or more) within each disk as encountered throughout the interstellar medium of the Galaxy. Detecting and studying the spectral lines of water in these disks therefore is likely to provide us significant insight into the conditions in the disk. Furthermore, the presence of water in itself is highly relevant for the formation of planetary systems. A favored theory for the formation of gas-giant planets involves the presence of water ice


At last, Vladimir Putin has decided that he will indeed be a candidate in the 2018 presidential election. Considering how long he has been in charge, it may seem that little has changed or will change in Russia's political sphere. However, in recent years, Putin has had his own personal perestroika and has modified Russia's political order to sustain his successful authoritarian system. By looking at the recent rejuvenations he made to Russia's political landscape, we can gain a more comprehensive sense of where Russia is headed. Despite clever alterations to personnel and decision-making processes, and the firm incapacitation of the opposition, there may be troubled times ahead. Russia faces deep economic challenges and Putin may experience problems rolling back his self-branding as a "war chieftain." The Russian political system is beset by a certain stasis and the president is in a legitimacy trap. Putin is sure to remain personally popular, but the government and economic situation as a whole are increasingly unpopular.


Here in this paper we proved that there does not exist any generic algorithm for Bellman's lost in Forest problem in Euclidean plane. To prove this we take help of very simple common logical arguments which can be understood by a layman also, hence avoided using of complex mathematical terminologies and symbols


This paper presents the pillars for an end-to-end QoS framework in IST-AROMA project. This includes a QoS architecture framework encompassing common radio resource management (CRRM) for the heterogeneous radio access network part and enabling QoS coordination with QoS-enabled IP-based segments, either serving as transport option within the 3GPP R6 Radio Access Network (RAN) or as main building block for an all-IP architecture aligned to 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) vision. The envisaged technical approach is supported by the progress achieved within the IST FP6 EVEREST project, which is partly reflected in the paper as well.


The mean result of machine learning models is determined by utilizing k-fold cross-validation. The algorithm with the best average performance should surpass those with the poorest. But what if the difference in average outcomes is the consequence of a statistical anomaly? To conduct whether or not the mean result differences between two algorithms is genuine then statistical hypothesis test is utilized. Using statistical hypothesis testing, this study will demonstrate how to compare machine learning algorithms. The output of several machine learning algorithms or simulation pipelines is compared during model selection. The model that performs the best based on your performance measure becomes the last model, which can be utilized to make predictions on new data. With classification and regression prediction models it can be conducted by utilizing traditional machine learning and deep learning methods. The difficulty is to identify whether or not the difference between two models is accurate.


BACKGROUND
Communication about end of life care may involve difficult conversations for patients, family members and health professionals. However, a lack of understanding of a person's wishes about their future care may result in a loss of dignity for the person, and additional distress for their family members and health professionals and burden to the healthcare system.

OBJECTIVE
This article discusses the barriers to advance care planning and provides some guidance for the general practitioner in undertaking advance care planning with patients and their families. Tips for initiating end of life discussions with patients and families utilising the 'PREPARED' acronym, and ensuring appropriate care delivery are included.

DISCUSSION
Involving patients and their family members in advance care planning may be challenging and time consuming for GPs. However, there are a number of resources to support this activity in relation to training, communication support and Medicare item funding.


The objective of this study is to investigate the motivation factors and job satisfaction level of the employees in the Truck Importation Industry. It also aims to find out the relationship of employee motivation and job satisfaction, and how to improve employee retention rate. The study was conducted in Subic Bay Freeport Zone with the participation of eight (8) companies, with a total of 223 respondents. Questionnaires were adopted from Maslow's and JSS,  to assess the motivation in terms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and job satisfaction indicators like Pay, Promotion, Supervision, Fringe Benefits, Contingent Rewards, Operating Condition, Coworkers, Nature of Work, and Communication. It reveals that there is a significant relationship between motivation and job satisfaction in the truck importation industry. Similar studies can be conducted on different business organizations or industries.


Sewage sludge is an inevitable result of anthropic activity and its management is an ever-increasing problem. As a result of that new solutions regarding sludge treatment, management, and utilization are in demand. In this context, drying is a non-avoidable step for sludge transformation. In this paper, we develop a dynamic model of a convective sludge dryer by means of First-Principle Data-Driven approach and a Matlab-based simulation environment is designed accordingly. Simulation examples show how the model mimics properly some fundamental aspects of wastewater sludge behaviour during drying.


For the purpose of production of a novel antihyperlipemial HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor from bacteria, a bacterium which showed the highest HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity was isolated from traditional Doenjang. This strain was identified as Bacillus cereus (D-3) based on its microbiological characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The maximal HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor production from Bacillus cereus D-3 was obtained by cultivation in a Glucose-CSL broth containing 2% glucose, 0.6% corn steep liquor, 0.04% K 2 HPO 4 and 0.05% KH 2 PO 4 at 30°C for 36 h. The final HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity under the above conditions was 39.4%.


AIM
to study the range of structural changes in the vitreous and to determine spatial position of the lens in case of its dislocation.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 47 patients (94 eyes) with so-called senile cataract aged from 59 to 83 years were examined. The state of the vitreous was evaluated by means of digital ultrasound examination.

RESULTS
Combined structural changes in the basis and cortex of the vitreous in eyes with lens and/or its elements dislocation have been analyzed. The possibility of lens evaluation in terms of its integrity and topography as well as spatial position of its elements has been shown. The relationship between the vitreous and lens changes has also been established.

CONCLUSION
Digital ultrasound examination is capable of producing a 3D image of the eye, thus, allowing to assess spatial defects of the vitreous and to determine the position of the lens in case of its dislocation.


The feminist queer theologian Marcella Althaus-Reid (1952–2009) wrote about what it meant to be an "indecent theologian" and claimed that sexual stories from the margins of society can help transform theological issues. What can "indecent theology" mean for the problem of evil specifically as it is addressed in the book of Job? This article will use Althaus-Reid's creative methodology, which engages in a dialogue between theology, sexual theory, politics, and personal narrative. This methodology will be applied to the hermeneutic of suffering in the book of Job. I propose that this engagement of theodicy through a queer lens and more specifically within the category of gay sadomasochism in particular, while not definitively addressing the broader problem of evil, can be a creative lens to reinterpret the book of Job. By queering Job, I offer an alternative understanding of the problem of suffering and evil that can find a space within contextual theology. The article concludes with a remark on how such a reading can be used as a liberating text for the queer community.


Purpose: To develop a comprehensive account for careers within the Greek academic system. Historical, cultural and geographical features of the country have created a unique context that has shaped the way academic careers evolve. Design/methodology/approach: The primary methods of data collection were retrospective participant observation and discussions in interview form with individuals who have had various types of experience with the Greek Higher Education system. Findings: The major factor that shapes careers in Greek academia is social capital or Know-whom that operates within a broader cultural environment where institutional collectivism is extremely low, the in-group - out-group distinction is a major element, and political party affiliation plays a key role in everyday affairs. As a result academic careers in Greece are almost exclusively determined by membership, a priory or earned, to an "in-group" that is linked via blood, family friendship, business and political party ties. This "in-group" uses its social capital to control academic careers across all stages for the benefit of its members. Research limitations/implications: There are method limitations, but relevant concerns were largely alleviated by precautionary measures and the way data were utilized. Ethnography may be the most appropriate method to disentangle the way networks and social capital impact careers. Practical implications: Achieving substantive change, such as increasing meritocracy, within a sector may be impossible without considering the broader cultural context that encapsulates it. Originality/value: The study is amongst the very first to unveil the "dark side" of social capital, and show how social capital may benefit the interests of in-groups at the expense of the collective.


Several experimental studies of obstructive jaundice (OJ) have shown the presence of immunosuppressive state associated with the rise of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentration in plasma. The present study evaluates the impact of anti-TNF-α administration or bile duct drainage on the inflammatory response, liver injury and renal insufficiency in obstructed rats. OJ was induced by the ligation of bile duct in Wistar rats. The parameters were determined at 14 and 21 days after OJ. Two additional groups of animals were treated with anti-TNF-α antibodies or submitted to bile duct drainage at 14 days, and sacrificed 21 days after OJ. Cholestasis decreased glucose, and enhanced urea, Creatinin, bilirubin and transaminases. Cholestasis increased the number of different inflammatory cells (T and B lymphocytes, and monocytes-macrophages) but reduced the expression of the corresponding cellular activation markers. This low responsiveness of the inflammatory cells was related to a decreased free radical production and phagocytic activity of cells. Anti-TNF-α and bile duct drainage reduced tissue injury, and prevented the reduction of the number and activity of T lymphocytes and phagocytic cells observed at the advanced stages of cholestasis. In conclusion, anti-TNF-α and bile duct drainage improved cell immunodeficiency, and reduced liver injury, cholestasis and renal insufficiency in experimental OJ.


We present an approach to design focusing reflectors using two-dimensional sub-wavelength gratings (2D SWGs). The effect of the grating reflecting mirrors size on the reflection focusing performance is investigated. The performance parameters considered mainly include focal length, phase change, numerical aperture. Using COMSOL software, the simulation results show that the focal length are affected by the grating reflecting mirrors size. The larger grating mirror (at least the total phase change of 3% angle) has better focusing behavior, this conclusion provides some suggestions for our design and fabrication of reflective convergence grating.


We provide a complete set of supersymmetric constraints for the anomalous dimensions of the conformal twist-two operators to all orders of perturbation theory. Employing them we derive new relations between the exclusive evolution kernels and apply them in QCD in order to get definite predictions at leading order and beyond. Talk given at the 7th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattring and QCD DESY-Zeuthen, April 19-23, 1999 Alexander von Humboldt Fellow.


A biocompatible glass was reinforced with titanium fibres in order to obtain a composite suitable for application in orthopaedic implants. The composite was was prepared by hot pressing. The influence of the fibre volume fraction (up to 20%) on the Young's modulus, strength, and strain to failure was investigated. The composite exhibited a damage tolerant, pseudo-plastic behaviour. Due presumably to the thermal expansion mismatch between the fibres and the matrix, the interface bonding strength appeared fairly high, making possible toughening by bridging of the matrix cracks.


Summary If the beneficial effects of garlic on blood circulation are known for centuries, the cellular target has been identified only recently, when ajoene was demonstrated to possess a potent anti-platelet action. Ajoene inhibits platelet aggregation induced by all known platelet agonists, and in all species studied. As does aspirin, ajoene prevents the amplification of platelet responses. However, it doesn't affect prostaglandin synthesis, but modifies the platelet membrane structure. In view of the prominent role of platelets in thrombotic diseases, garlic represents an interesting platelet inhibitor with a specific mode of action.


A new catheter for detection and treatment of venous air-embolisms (VAE) P. Brass1, L. Kolodziej2, W. Schregel3, U. Boerner2 1Department of Anesthesiology, 2Department of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany Background and Goal: Due to improved methods of detection VAE is not only a problem in neurosurgical interventions (incidence is up to 80%) but is increasingly diagnosed in laparoscopic, pelvic, orthopedic procedures. In order to reduce the morbidity and mortality of such events through early detection and efficient therapy a central venous catheter with an integrated Doppler probe (Schregel-Catheter) was developed. Using the SchregelCatheter (SC) it is possible to safely and reliably recognize even smallest airbubbles [2]. Our aim was to improve the air-recovery capacity of the SC by a multiorifice-design. Materials and Methods: We used the circulation model that was developed by Bunegin and Albin [1] in order to evaluate the Bunegin-multiorificedCatheter. Our test-protocol was also similar to the experiments of Bunegin et al. Beside the improved SVC we tested the 16 G Vygon standard singlelumen catheter, the Arrows 14 G standard double-lumen catheter, the Vygon 8 Fr single-lumen multiorificed Shaldon-catheter and the 14 G Bunegin multiorificed catheter. All catheters were tested by injecting 10 mls of air in the superior vena cava (SVC) of the circulation model. It was then tried to aspirate the air by the catheters positioned above the SA-junction in the SVC. All catheters were tested at atrial inclinations of 60°, 80° and 90° simulating the seated or half-seated position. The catheters were compared by the percentage of air recovery. Results and Discussion: The air aspirated was compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's multiple comparison, the improved SC was best with p 0.05 for all combinations. The rank order of the air aspiration capacity in this comparison: SC (92%) Vygon Shaldon-catheter (83%) Bunegin-Catheter (73%) Arrows double-lumen (58%) Vygon single lumen (25%). As expected, the multi-orificed catheters were more efficient in this test than the single-orificed. Conclusion(s): The experiments showed the efficacy of the improved Schregel-Catheter for treatment of air embolism. Apparently, after the improved multiorifice-design, the Schregel-Catheter proofed even more efficient than the gold-standard, the Bunegin-Albin-Catheter. References: 1 Bunegin L, Albin MS, Helsel PE, et al. Positioning the right atrial catheter: a model for reappraisal. Anesthesiology, 1981. 55(4): p. 343–8. 2 Volk O, Schnitker W, Brass P, et al. [Detection of air embolism by a re-usable Doppler probe integrated in a central venous line-application in-vivo]. Anaesthesist, 2002. 51(9): p. 716–20.


As a new open-end index fund,Exchange Trade Fund has special innovative advantages: for the investors, it has perfect liquidity and low transaction cost; for the fund management companies,the "redemption in kind" will improve the utilization of the capital. With the improvement of the securities market efficiency in every country, the fund specialists are paying great attention to the development of the Exchange Trade Fund and regarding it as the trend of the future fund industry.


The Republic of the Marshall Islands Ministry of Health and Environment established the Youth to Youth in Health (YTYIH) program in 1986 to involve youth in writing and performing skits songs and drama that impart health education messages in traditional language music and dance; in providing confidential counseling to youth on family planning and health issues; and in contributing to other health and development activities in their communities. In 1994 a review of ministry statistics key informant and focus group interviews and a pre-post test of family planning and health knowledge were used to conduct an evaluation of the YTYIH program. YTYIH had surpassed its 5 objectives. It had trained 95 new peer educators in 1992 and 1993 41 of whom were from the Outer Islands. YTYIH had conducted 5 in-service training sessions for staff and volunteers. Its outreach programs reached about 10400 youth and adults in Majuro. YTYIH had set up and maintained 15 chapters on outer islands where YTYIH members were affiliated with Health Assistants and were more likely to be involved in community development projects (e.g. gardening). YTYIH produced 12 health-related reports videos brochures and bulletin boards. The Marshall Islands general fertility rate fell 45% between 1989 and 1993 (170.5-99.7). Many people believed that YTYIH contributed greatly to the decline in the fertility rate. Most interviewed thought highly of YTYIH and wanted it to expand. Even though the youth only raised their health knowledge scores by an average of 0.78 points (p = 0.07) females raised their scores more than did males (1.10 vs. 0.33) and the older and more educated youth had better scores at both pre- and post-test than did the younger and less educated youth. Low literacy levels unfamiliarity with western testing methods and the oral nature of the Marshallese language may have accounted for the ineffectualness of the pre-post test of health knowledge.


The olfactory bulbs form the anterior part of the telencephalon and are the central part of the olfactory analyzer. They have a cortical structure with a characteristic layered organization. The olfactory cortex is phylogenetically the oldest part of the cerebral cortex. The data presented in the article can serve as a fundamental basis for further study of the parts of the rat brain in normal and pathological conditions with further extrapolation of the obtained data to humans.


This paper evaluates a novel sampling algorithm, called shotgun stochastic search (S 3 ), for Bayesian model averaging in the context of …nding predictors for in‡ation when the set of potential predictors is large. This is a relevant case in the forecasting literature, where often hundreds of predictors are compared with autoregressive distributed lag models for in‡ation. With such a large model space, standard Bayesian approaches like MCMC model composition (MC 3 ) tend to converge slowly. On the other hand, S 3 systematically searches in the neighborhood of good models and concentrates on regions of high posterior probability in the model space. We carry out a Monte Carlo simulations to compare the computational e¢ ciency of S 3 to MC 3 , based on standard data generating processes from the literature. When many potential predictors are available, S 3 outperforms MC 3 . In an empirical exercise, we apply the two algorithms to …nd predictors for US in‡ation from a set of about one hundred indicators and their lags. S 3 absorbs posterior mass much quicker than MC 3 and makes Bayesian estimation of the standard in‡ation equations with many predictors computationally feasible.


The existing Superpave method of evaluating moisture susceptibility is deterministic, relying only on the mean values. This technical note presents a new method for evaluating moisture susceptibility considering uncertainty. The method considers the uncertainties of the four measured properties (thickness and maximum load) of conditioned and unconditioned specimens in formulating the uncertainty of the tensile strength ratio (TSR). The probability distribution of TSR is established based on a normality assumption that is verified using Monte Carlo simulation. A simple formula is developed for checking whether the TSR criterion is satisfied, given a specified confidence level. Another formula that incorporates the uncertainty of the TSR criterion is also presented. The proposed method directly considers the uncertainties of the actual test variables and as such takes the current indirect National Cooperative Highway Research Program method of interlaboratory precision estimates one step further.


Now a day's lots of debris of demolished concrete are generating, and river bedded sand which is in scarce, its utilization causing damage to the environment. Since very less research work is carried out to utilize recycled coarse aggregates in fresh concrete and crushed granitic stone as fine aggregate. Hence the authors got inspired to carry out the research under consideration.  Within this research work totally recycled coarse aggregates are used.  Fine aggregates i:e river bedded sand is replaced cent percent with Granitic stone Bellary sand.  In this investigational study workability and strength of M20 Grade concrete is evaluated by casting cubes and curing them for 7, 14, and 28 days.  The compressive strength of concrete specimens made with cent percent replacement Granitic stone Bellary sand gives similar strength as that of river bedded sand.Hence it can be concluded that granitic stone Bellary sand which is far cheaper compared to river bedded sand can be utilized in casting of concrete comfortably.


These two books will be of great interest to everyone passionate about the conservation of nature, particularly in the southern African region. Both works are highly critical of the dominant ways in which conservation is currently practised, and they encourage us to reflect deeply over what is needed to move towards a more sustainable future. By elegantly using the strength of ethnography as their main research strategy, Büscher and Nustad succeed in revealing larger structural processes and meanings of nature conservation while simultaneously offering an in-depth analysis of their particular cases. For Büscher, the particular case under investigation is the Maloti–Drakensberg Transfrontier Project (MDTP), a transfrontier conservation area (TFCA) spanning South Africa and Lesotho. Promoted as 'Peace Parks', TFCAs have become a popular conservation strategy in recent years, much supported by powerful conservation organisations and governments as a way to protect biodiversity, promote local economic development and contribute to peacemaking across international borders. In Transforming the Frontier, Büscher critically investigates this hype around TFCAs, posing the question of what makes them the 'new telos of conservation' (p. 2). The book consists of preface and introduction, seven substantive chapters and a conclusion. Büscher clearly lays out his main arguments in the introduction. 'Peace Parks' are simply the latest tools used by powerful conservation actors to advance neoliberal conservation, which, to him, is the 'true frontier of contemporary global conservation' (p. xiii). Building on his extensive theoretical engagement with neoliberalism and neoliberal conservation, Büscher argues that conservation actors use three main political strategies to legitimate and further processes of neoliberalisation in nature conservation: consensus, anti-politics and marketing. These three concepts make up the heart of the book's main thesis, which he thoroughly develops through studying the politics of designing and implementing the MDTP. His long-term ethnographic commitment to the project allows him to go beyond simplified and generalised assumptions, and enables him to demonstrate the incredibly complex and contradictory nature of neoliberal conservation. His findings about the project are much in contrast to how proponents like to portray transfrontier conservation, which is exactly where his main argument and explicit contribution result from. Büscher posits that in a postcolonial neoliberal economy, conservation actors necessarily have to exploit the tensions between material realities and reified representations in order to gain or maintain competitive advantage over other nature conservation strategies.


The manuscripts in which the post-Chretien (« epigonal ») verse romances are preserved can speak volumes about their transmission and reception. In some cases, these are intimately bound up with the works of the master, although the intertextuality of the whole corpus of verse romance transcends the codicological context. I shall review here selected manuscripts in which some epigonal romances have been transmitted and what they can tell us about ways in which these texts were read in the Mid...


ABSTRACT The implementation of Curriculum 2005 and outcomes-based education within the South African education system is posing a considerable challenge to geography teachers and teacher educators. Many fear that the place of geography in the school curriculum is under severe threat and that much more than the name 'geography' will be lost as geography content is fragmented across different learning areas. This paper explores the feelings, concerns and plans for action of leading South African geography educators as they prepare to face these challenges. The insights emerging from the analysis of in-depth interview material will, it is hoped, contribute to clarifying the issues and illuminating the way forward.


We propose inference systems for binary relations that satisfy composition laws such as transitivity. Our inference mechanisms are based on standard techniques from term rewriting and represent a refinement of chaining methods as they are used in the context of resolution-type theorem proving. We establish the refutational completeness of these calculi and prove that our methods are compatible with the usual simplification techniques employed in refutational theorem provers, such as subsumption or tautology deletion. Various optimizations of the basic chaining calculus will be discussed for theories with equality and for total orderings. A key to the practicality of chaining methods is the extent to which so-called variable chaining can be avoided. We demonstrate that rewrite techniques considerably restrict variable chaining and that further restrictions are possible if the transitive relation under consideration satisfies additional properties, such as symmetry. But we also show that variable chaining cannot be completely avoided in general.


Objective:To investigate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG tablets on diarrhea due to intestinal flora imbalance.Methods:The mice were randomly divided into normal group, positive control group, model group and three test groups. The combination of antibiotics (ampicillin) and pathogen (Salmonella typhimurium) was used to induce imbalance of intestinal flora and diarrhea in mice.The normal group and model group were both given saline,the positive control group was given Lizhuchangle capsule of 0.3 g(p.o.),and three test groups were administered orally Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG tablets of 1.0×108,1.0×107 and 1.0×106 CFU ·kg-1,respectively,for seven days .The intervention of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG tablets in mice was investigated by observing the extent of diarrhea as well as the intestinal flora analysis.Results: The diarrhea was improved significantly and dose-relatively in groups of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG tablets of 1.0×108 and 1.0×107 CFU ·kg-1 after the treatment of seven days.Compared with the model group,the amounts of Enteric bacilli and Enterococci in cecal contents in Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG tablets of 1.0×108 and 1.0×107 CFU ·kg-1 group were markedly decreased,as well as the amounts of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were increased to normal level.Conclusion:The Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG tablets can correct the antibiotics and bacteria-induced intestinal flora disorder,and then improve the diarrhea-related symptoms in mice obviously.


Two recent projects using retrieval television, which permits teachers to request program transmissions for individual classrooms, are compared. Retrieval television cost about $4 a classroom viewing in an experimental project in Ottawa where schools were connected by cable to the transmitting centre. The cost is a little over $2 a viewing in a system now functioning in London, Ontario, which uses eight 2,500 megahertz broadcast channels; this system also permits videotape recordings to be made in schools at night by remote control from the transmitting centre. Many dimensions of student and teacher reaction to retrieval television are reported for the Ottawa Project. These results and the expense and/or channel restrictions of retrieval television, lead to the conclusion that it will not at present be used by individual students in the classroom.


Periodontitis is found to be one of the most common infectious disease that is inflammatory in nature occurring in the oral cavity. A normal human being oral cavity contains variety of bacterias, that have the tendency to spread to different sites of the body that too particularly in the patients those are immunocompromised and ultimately results in the various systemic diseases. Maintenance of health of oral cavity is very much required and is a necessity as it is known as oral cavity is the mirror image of the systemic health of the individual.


Objective To investigate the clinical features, the surgical indications and the operative methods and skills for intracranial arachnoid cysts in children. Methods The clinical data from 30 child cases of intracranial arachnoid cysts were studied retrospectively in our hospital, and were analyzed comparatively. Results In 30 cases treated microsurgically, 28 was significantly improved, and the cysts were reduced or disappeared in 25. Conclusion Microsurgery can effectively treat children intracranial arachnoid cyst.


Abstract Heritage has come to play a very significant, though largely unrecognised, role in the evolution of urban design. Central city heritage quarters are a major response to the development of the urban fringes, and have developed an internationally recognisable form. This paper examines the characteristics and assets of such quarters and also considers their impact on the urban populace, and their implications for future urban design work in the intermediate zone.


Many applications of evolutionary algorithms utilize fitness approximations, for example coarse-grained simulations in lieu of computationally intensive simulations. Here, we propose that it is better to learn approximations that accurately predict the ranks of individuals rather than explicitly estimating their real-valued fitness values. We present an algorithm that coevolves a rank-predictor which optimizes to accurately rank the evolving solution population. We compare this method with a similar algorithm that uses fitness-predictors to approximate real-valued fitnesses. We benchmark the two approaches using thousands of randomly-generated test problems in Symbolic Regression with varying difficulties. The rank prediction method showed a 5-fold reduction in computational effort for similar convergence rates. Rank prediction also produced less bloated solutions than fitness prediction.


A method is described which enables rapid and accurate localization of scattered or randomly occurring histological features in 10–30 mm3 of tissue for subsequent examination with the electron microscope. Examples of selecting a histological feature and individual cells are illustrated.


DR. HEADLAND reminded his audience that ten years ago he had delivered the introductory address in the same theatre. The pursuit of any one of the three learned professions demanded a certain amount of patient industry, as well as a degree of ability somewhat beyond I the average. There were points of resemblance between the three pursuits-physic, law, and divinity. There I were matters in which their cooperation would be of advantage to the community. In diseases of the mind connected with disorders of the body thepriest might ask the aid of the physician; and in the reverse case the physician might receive assistance from the priest. The lawyer might commend to the charge of his medical friend those who seemed to have erred through the defect of organisation; while the incorrigible drunkard and profligate might not improperly be transferred from the care of the doctor to the salutary restraint which alone would suffice to correct them. Plato, in his Republic, drew a curious parallel between the functions of the physician and the judge. " They are to bestow their services," he says, "on those only of the citizens whose bodily and mental constitutions are good and sound, leaving those who are otherwise as to the state of their body to die, and actually putting to death those who are naturally corrupt and incurable in soul." This method of procedure would save both professions from a vast amount of trouble; but it could hardly be conscientiously recommended for general adoption. It was they who were sick who needed the physician, but a few were strictly whole. The greater part of mankind fell naturally under the guardianship of the practitioner of medicine. He described him in turn as the discoverer, the teacher. the healer, and the reformer. The physician must always be atthe same time a man of science. Some part of his art was capable of far greater perfection than it bad yet attained to. There was yet much to be done in the in. vestigation of the chemistry of disease. When we understood that better, we should be better able to apply our remedies. Most of the applications of our drugs bad been discovered by happy accidents. A better knowledge of their mode of application would enable us to make a wider use of these weapons of our armoury. Dr. Headland could not anticipate much from the plan of concerted observation proposed at a late meeting of the British Medical Association, and deprecated the encumbrance of our national pharmacopceia with a host of American herbs of doubtful credentials. As to veratrum, said to resemble digitalis, Dr. Headland would discard from practice all remedies whatsoever that restrained the action of the heart. The greatest improvement to which he could point in modern medicine was the substitution of a supporting regimen for lowering treatment in inflammations and fevers, the discontinuance of venesection, and the disuse of that pernicious system of overphysicking with which our ancestors, secundum arten dismissed the sick man from the scene of his earthly trials. The duties of the physician as teacher of the multitude, who often did not know what was good for them, as a sanitary and social reformer, were next dwelt upon. The rewards which the physician might expect for a life of toil and self-devotion were not the highest the world had to bestow. In the esteem of mankind at large a man who had made two men live where but one lived before was not worthy of any special praise. The improver of the breed of oxen was held in more honour than the improver of the breed of men. The man who had removed the duty from some trivial article of import-he who had been sent as ambassador to conclude a treaty of amity and commerce with the King of the Cannibal Islandssuch men received peerages and statues. A man who should rescue our youth from the scourge ofconsumption, or discover a method of preventing small-pox, might seem to them scarcely less worthy. Yet the pitiful memorial which in the public square hard by (Trafalgar Square) had been raised to Jenner had been banished even with ignominy from that honourable neighbourhood of men esteemed great because they killed their fellow-creatures, whereas he only saved them. But it did not matter much. A thousand years hence it would be of small importance to them in what estimation they happened to be held by the world. Dr. Headland alluded to the death of Dr. Shearman, and to the changes that had recently taken place in the staff of the college and hospital, and concluded by hoping that none of the students would have cause hereafter to regret their selection of their medical school.


Our spatial environment is one of the most important determinants of our well-being and life chances. It relates to schools, opportunities, businesses, recreation and access to public services. Spatial injustice results where discrimination determines that spatial environment. Since Apartheid in South Africa epitomised the notion of spatial injustice, tools and instruments are required to transform spatial injustice into spatial justice. One of these is the employment of principles of spatial justice. While the National Development Plan (NDP) recognised that all spatial development should conform to certain normative principles and should explicitly indicate how the requirements of these should be met, the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act 16 of 2013 (SPLUMA) contains a more concrete principle of spatial justice. It echoes aspects of both the South African land reform programme and global principles of spatial justice. Essentially section 7(a) of SPLUMA entails three components: (1) redressing past spatial imbalances and exclusions; (2) including people and areas previously excluded and (3) upgrading informal areas and settlements. SPLUMA directs municipalities to apply the principle in its spatial development frameworks, land use schemes and, most importantly, in decision-making on development applications. The aim of this article is to determine whether the application of this principle in practice can move beyond the confines of spatial planning and land use management to address the housing issue in South Africa. Central to housing is section 26 of the Constitution, that has received the extensive attention of the Constitutional Court. The court has not hesitated to criticize the continuing existence of spatial injustice, thus contributing to the transformation of spatial injustice to spatial justice. Since planning, housing and land reform are all intertwined not only the role of SPLUMA, but also the NDP and the myriad other policies, programmes and legislation that are attempting to address the situation are examined and tested against the components of the principle of spatial justice in SPLUMA.


Road Rehabilitation inevitably implies delays in the normal traffic flow and added costs to the users. Therefore, the user costs resulting from the rehabilitation works should be taken into consideration in the rehabilitation project phase together with the construction costs. A high-quality technical solution should not only assure a good performance of the pavement during its life period, but also minimize the duration of the works in order to reduce the impact on the costs imputed to the road users and the impact on the environment by reducing CO2 emissions. The present paper focuses on the analysis of a road rehabilitation project (a national road linking a major city to a medium city) where the user costs were not considered in the design phase. Based on existing Road User Cost models and on the measurements carried out "in situ", the impact of the rehabilitation operations on the users was determined for two different situations (implying closure of one traffic lane in sections with only one lane in each direction, and in sections with an additional lane in one direction). User costs were estimated for a period of 8 hours during which works were being carried out.


Motivation and emotion are closely connected. Emotions can motivate behavior both by preceding it, as when a child's anger leads to kicking a bedroom wall, or by being a consequence of our actions, as when behaviors induce feelings of happiness, joy, excitement, and pride. Emotions do more than motivate our behavior, however. Can you imagine life without them? In this chapter we explore emotions in an effort to find out more about what they are, how they come about, what brain structures enable them, and how they influence our lives. We also explore a closely related topic: stress, the effect of stress on our lives, and the ways in which we can moderate some of the negative effects of stress. C H A P T E R 9


. The purpose of this paper is to determine the long-run causal impact of various economic factors on Lithuanian stock, government securities and real estate prices, and to assess how accurately future asset returns can be forecasted based solely on economic information. Five macroeconomic indicators, namely, gross domestic product (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), consumer price index (CPI), money supply (MS) and Vilnius interbank offered rate (VILIBOR), were included in the model. The results of the created autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) revealed that a long-run causal relationship between Lithuanian assets and macroeconomic variables exists and that changing values of these indicators explain about half of the variability of assets' returns. The results of ARDL model forecast showed that the most precise predictions are obtainable in real estate market, while forecasted returns of stock and government securities are not so accurate, especially the further forecast horizon. The possibility to understand driving factors behind changes of asset prices and to predict future return is of a particular importance not only for investors and businessmen, but also for the policy makers who are responsible for making substantiated decisions regarding monetary, macroprudential and fiscal policies they conduct.


The flight model of the laser-cooled cesium atomic clock, PHARAO, has been qualified for operation in space. The clock has passed the vibration, thermal and electromagnetic compatibility tests required to fly in low Earth orbit (400 km). On the ground, the clock realized a typical frequency stability of 3.0 × 10−13 τ−1/2 with an estimated accuracy of 2.3 × 10−15. Frequency comparisons with the SYRTE primary frequency standard FOM agree within their stated accuracies. Because PHARAO is optimized for the longer interaction times possible in microgravity, we expect a frequency stability of 1.1 × 10−13 τ −1/2 and a frequency accuracy of 1.1 × 10−16 for operation in space. The clock has been delivered to the European Space Agency for the assembly of the ACES payload and is scheduled to be launched into space in 2021.


As a result of the army equipped with a power supply vehicle lack of power parameter testing equipment at the present time, in order to ensure that the double frequency unit after overhaul can meet the factory requirements, a double frequency unit of power supply electrical performance tester was developed. The tester with intelligent detection technology could carry out high-precision, high-speed intelligent testing and analysis waveform for double frequency unit electrical performance parameters. The practical application shows that the tester has a high degree of automation, high precision and high accuracy, and can meet the requirements of each index, and has wide application prospect and development potential. The main function of the tester, tactical technical indicators, composition and working principle were introduced in this paper.


A cell phone attitudes survey was conducted on sports teams within a small liberal arts college to assess cell phone usage patterns and attitudes toward the use of cell phones. Social network data was collected from team members listing which team members are in one's cell phone directory and which team members they text message. The network data was analyzed with the survey data to shed some light on how cell phone attitudes and usage patterns diffuse. As hypothesized, findings indicate that the cell phone directory network is related to similarity in the belief that cell phones are helpful in one's daily life, easy to use and that they are worth the money. Hypotheses regarding cell phone attitudes and a text messaging network were not supported but rather evidence was found to the contrary. The text messaging network was negatively related to similarity in the belief that cell phones increase your social life and the belief that cell phones are easy to use.


Has an axis of rotation, and the tube forming the thread on at least part of the surface is attachable to the object, and at least one base having a screw which is screwed into the screw tube, and the linear guide at least one comprising the at least one platform is free to move along the linear guide, the tube and prevents rotation linear guide is at least one base when rotating on its axis of rotation, further, the tube transport system for rotated, thereby comprising a piezoelectric motor is controllable to selectively translate in both directions along the at least one platform to the rotational axis of the tube, to move and position an object. .FIELD 1D


Behaviour simulation in Consistency-based Diagnosis requires knowing the initial value. This assumption is not easily fulfilled in real systems, even in the presence of measurements related to state variables due to noise and parameter uncertainties.

This work proposes the integration of state observers to estimate initial states for simulation in consistency-based diagnosis with possible conflicts, using the BRIDGE framework, proposing an extension for a class of dynamic systems. Suitable state-observer structural models are obtained through same algorithms used to find possible conflicts --minimal subsystems with analytical redundancy--, without additional knowledge in the models.


In this paper we introduce a class of trees, called generalized compressed trees. Generalized compressed trees can be derived from complete binary trees by performing certain 'contraction' operations. A generalized compressed tree CT of height h has approximately 25% fewer nodes than a complete binary tree T of height h. We show that these trees have smaller (up to a 74% reduction) 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional VLSI layouts than the complete binary trees. We also show that algorithms initially designed for T can be simulated by CT with at most a constant slow-down. In particular, algorithms having non-pipelined computation structure and originally designed for T can be simulated by CT with no slow-down.


The Intensive Care Unit Trigger Tool (ICUTT) was developed to detect adverse events (AEs) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the ICUTT (ICUTT‐J).


The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis was fed on maize pellets containing metaldehyde. With increasing concentration of metaldehyde there was a decrease in the meal length, number of bites per meal and amount of pellet eaten. The irregularity of biting and the amount of time spent pausing during the meal increased.

Meals on maize pellets in the presence of acetaldehyde (one of the metabolites of metaldehyde) were shorter than control meals on maize pellets alone.

The symptoms of poisoning after ingestion of metaldehyde or in the presence of acetaldehyde were similar. There was an increase in mucus secretion. Animals showed muscular spasms, undirected mouthing movements and uncoordinated locomotion. This was followed by a period of immobility.

The isolated central nervous system of L. stagnalis was used to study the effects of metaldehyde and acetaldehyde on the neural activity underlying feeding. Application of metaldehyde or acetaldehyde led to an increase in firing activity and development of paroxysmal depolarising shifts in buccal motoneurons. It is argued that this type of activity could explain some of the symptoms of poisoning seen in the whole animal after ingestion of metaldehyde, and that acetaldehyde may be responsible for some of the toxic effects of metaldehyde.

These results suggest that the CNS of L. stagnalis provides a useful model for screening molluscicides for their effects on a functional neuronal network.


An abstract data type module is a program module which provides the essential external behavior of a data type or data structure but hides the detail of the implementation. A major benefit from use of abstract data types is the ability to modify the implementation to improve its efficiency without otherwise affecting the program using the data abstraction. This technique can be effectively used during program development to improve performance after a critical section has been identified by performance analysis tools. Efficiency improvements which involve internal references between different structures will however require changes to the interface to the abstract data type and consequently changes to the using program. This paper identifies situations in which these problems arise and the transformations which are necessary in the program using the abstraction to maintain correctness when these changes are made.


Objective To establish the rat models of renal injury induced by angiotensionⅡ(AngⅡ),and investigate the expression of Src-suppressed C kinase substrate(SSeCKS) in the injured renal tissues. Methods A total of 26 rats were randomly divided into model group(n=10),sham operation group(n=10) and normal control group(n=6).Rats in model group and sham operation group were administered with AngⅡ and normal saline respectively via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps at the velocity of 200 ng/(kg·min),and those in control group did not receive any treatment.Twenty-four hour urine samples were collected on the third day after minipump implant,then rats were sacrificed,and renal cortical tissues were obtained.Sulfosalicylic acid method was adopted to quantify 24 h urinary protein,the ultrastructure of renal tissues were observed by transmission electron microscopy,the location of SSeCKS in renal tissues and fluorescence intensity were determined and analysed by immunofluorescence staining method,and the expression of SSeCKS mRNA in renal tissues was detected by RT-PCR. Results The quantity of 24 h urinary protein in model group was significantly higher than those in sham operation group and normal control group(P0.05).Shrinkage and detachment of glomerular endothelial cells in model group were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Immunofluorescence staining revealed that SSeCKS mainly localized within glomerular basement and some mesangial cells,and fluorescence intensity of renal tissues in model group was significantly higher than that in sham operation group and normal control group.The expression of SSeCKS mRNA in renal tissues in model group was significantly higher than that in sham operation group and normal control group.Conclusion Rat models of renal injury have been successfully established by subcutaneous implant of osmotic minipump with AngⅡ,and the expression of SSeCKS may be significantly increased in the injured renal tissues.


Wedemonstrate that theshaped spectral phase inasub-20-fs pulse ofTi:sapphire laser istransferred tothat inadeepUVpulse at256nmwithSPIDERmeasurement. ©2005 Optical Society ofAmerica OCIScodes: (I140.3610) Lasers, ultraviolet; (320.71 10)Ultrafast nonlinear optics Optical phase control techniques havebeenwidely usedforthegeneration ofshaped femtosecond pulses inorder to investigate ultrafast coherent interactions inphysical andchemical phenomena. Resonant multiphoton transitions canbeenhanced withanappropriately shaped femtosecond pulse (1)andthesinusoidal modulation ofthespectral phase plays theimportant role forthemultiphoton intrapulse interference phase-scan method (2). Spectra ofthe phase-controlled femtosecond pulses havebeen, however, limited tothenearinfrared (NIR) orvisible (VIS) region because instruments forthephase control, suchasaliquid-crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) oran acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter (AOPDF), arenottransparent toother wavelength regions. Thus, arbitrary control ofthephase ofdeepUV femtosecond pulses hasnotyetbeenrealized although thecompensation ofthedispersion inasub-10-fs deepUVpulse hasbeendemonstrated with adeformable mirror (3). We havealready proposed themethodforthespectral phase control ofa deepUV pulse using a sum-frequency-mixing (SFM)process withashaped femtosecond pulse ofTi:sapphire laser (4,5). Thismethod, whichissimilar tothatusedforcontrolling thespectral phaseofa midinfrared pulse witha difference-frequency-mixing


Bisumanenylidene, consisting of two sumanene components bridged by a double bond, was synthesized by McMurry coupling of monooxosumanene. Calculations and low-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy experiments suggest that bisumanenylidene is likely to be dominantly present in the C2h symmetric structure rather than the C2 symmetric one. Evidence for the extension of π conjugation in bisumanenylidene was shown by absorption and emission spectroscopy.


Burwell v. Hobby Lobby dramatically changed the landscape of religious liberty protections afforded to corporations. The Supreme Court in Hobby Lobby held that closely held for-profit corporations are entitled to protection under the Religious Freedom and Restoration Act (RFRA) when their sincerely held religious beliefs are contrary to a law of neutral applicability. Holding this in the context of the Affordable Care Act's contraceptive mandate, which requires almost all employer-sponsored health insurance plans to cover preventative women's health care, including contraception, the Court found that Hobby Lobby and Conestoga Wood Specialties were entitled to a religious exemption from the mandate. While the decision in Hobby Lobby was unprecedented, courts around the country have employed similar rationales when claims of religious liberty rights by employers butt up against claims of gender and pregnancy discrimination by employees. Here, we track the parallels between how courts have evaluated this issue in Title VII pregnancy discrimination cases and the same issue in Hobby Lobby. We argue that often courts improperly subsume the employee's personal reproductive and gender discrimination interest into the employer's claim of religious liberty. We examine how courts in several Title VII pregnancy discrimination cases concluded that a religious employer's religious liberty claim, as supported by a broad morality clause in an employment contract, should trump an employee's civil rights assertion of a pregnancy discrimination claim. Then, we connect our analysis of these cases to the decision in Hobby Lobby, noting that the Court accepted so broadly defined religious liberty interests on the part of Hobby Lobby and Conestoga that those interests similarly suppressed their employees' interests in being free from gender discrimination in the workplace. Ultimately, we argue that courts can and need to untangle the religious liberty interests of employers from the gender discrimination interests of their t Jessica L. Waters, J.D., is Associate Dean for Undergraduate Education, School of Public Affairs, American University. Leandra N. Carrasco, J.D., is Graduate Student, Department of Justice, Law & Criminology, American University. The authors would like to thank the organizers and participants of the 7d h Annual Feminist Legal Theory Conference at the University of Baltimore, held on March 6 and 7, 2014, for their thoughtful feedback on the presentation of an early draft of this paper. Copyright © 2014 by the Yale Journal of Law and Feminism 218 Yale Journal of Law and Feminism [Vol. 26:2 employees in order to recognize when an employee's civil rights are being subsumed into an employer's religious liberty right. IN T RO D U CT IO N 2 18 I. THE A CA AND T ITLE V II 220 A. The ACA and the Contraceptive Mandate 221 B. Title VII and the Religious Organization Exemption 223 II. TITLE VII CASES: REFRAMING THE INTERESTS 224 A. Boyd v. Harding Academy of Memphis 226 B. Dias v. Archdiocese of Cincinnati 229 C. Herx v. Diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend 231 III. THE PARALLELS: RECASTING THE REPRODUCTIVE RIGHT IN THE ACA C A SE S 2 3 3 IV . U NTANGLING THE K NOT 236 C O N C LU SIO N 240


Genetic variability among eight rice cultivars was determined by conducting a solution culture experiment using modified Yoshida solution. Three Zn levels were developed by the addition of no DTPA (Zn1), 25 μ M DTPA (Zn2) and 50 μ M DTPA (Zn3) to 0.035 mg LG Zn. Substantial differences were observed among genotypes for accumulation of shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (ROW), root: shoot ratio (RSR) as well as for zinc utilization efficiency (ZnUE). Overall Kernel genotype produced maximum SDW at all the three levels of Zn. In case of RDW genotypes Kernel, Kashmir and Basmati-370 produced maximum RDW, while DM-25 was least RDW producer. Highest RSR was exhibited by Kashmir followed by Kernel and Basmati-370. Genotypes Kernel, Basmati-370 and KS-282 showed maximum ZnUE compared to all other genotypes and could be regarded as Zn-efficient.


Edward Heath was the first of three Tory party leaders to break the public school tradition and achieve high office from humble origins. He was an intellectual who believed in one nation at the heart of Europe and the common good before personal gain. Yet, as Prime Minister at a time of flux, everything he tried to achieve led directly to its opposite - Thatcherism. For a man who never married, whose doting mother had waited on him hand and foot, it was a cruel irony to find himself sidelined on every major issue by a woman as wrong-headed as he believed Margaret Thatcher to be.


This research was partially supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery grant
entitled Geometric evolution equations and global effects of curvature.


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) was considered important by Chinese health authorities in the fight against COVID-19. This review systematically analyzed and evaluated the safety and efficacy of TCM combined with Western Medicine (WM) for the treatment of COVID-19. We sought to provide summary evidence for clinicians when using TCM. We searched for studies in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data from database inception to June 1, 2021. Overall, 31 studies (14,579 participants) were involved in the final systematic review, including 15 randomized controlled trials and 16 observational studies. TCM combined with WM showed main outcomes of a higher clinical efficacy rate (odds ratio [OR] =2.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.90–3.24, I2 = 4%) and lower case fatality rate (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.19–0.49, I2 = 80%) compared with WM treatment alone. No significant overall adverse events were found between TCM plus WM group and WM group (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.63–2.23, I2 = 75%). Some larger randomized control trials would assist in defining the effect of TCM combined with WM on the treatment of COVID-19 complications such as cardiac injury. TCM combined with WM may be safe and effective for the treatment of COVID-19.


This demo showcases an SDN control platform configuring VCSEL-based photonic transceiver and white-box nodes for end-to-end programmability in disaggregated optical metro networks also including the spatial dimension with a polymer switch and 25km 19-core MCF.


Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis is an important consideration for every older adult admitted to the hospital1 but should not be prescribed to all patients. Use of anticoagulants (specifically low-molecular-weight heparin, low-dose unfractionated heparin, and fondaparinux) when not medically indicated may be harmful, especially for older adults who on average have more chronic conditions,1 take more potentially interacting medications,2 and have higher risks of bleeding.3 The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) Ninth Edition Guidelines for Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis explicitly recommend a risk-stratification approach using the Padua Prediction Score (PPS) to select those patients most likely to benefit from VTE prophylaxis.4,5 This study aimed to describe the use of risk stratification and pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis use in a population of medically ill, hospitalized older patients.


The optical constants of phase-change films are assumed to be constant regardless of film thickness in conventional optical design and thermal simulation of multilayer structure optical disks. However this assumption is not valid when the phase-change film thickness in the optical disks becomes very small. In this study, the dependence of the optical constants on the thickness of Ge1Sb2Te4 phase-change films is investigated. The changes of the extinction coefficient k and the refractive index n (especially k) become significant when film thickness is in the range of 10 nm–30 nm, and become larger at shorter wavelengths such as the blue region. This dependence of optical constants (n and k) on the film thickness can be explained and confirmed based on the discontinuous film model of very thin film. These results are significant in improving the accuracy of optical design and thermal simulation of phase-change optical disks, as well as in the study of phase-change optical disks at shorter wavelengths.


Nine pure sodium phenylalkane sulphonates, namely, 3-phenyltetradecane, 5-pheyltetradecane, 7-phenyltetrdecane, 3-phenylhexadecane, 5-phenylhexadecane, 7-phenylhexadecane, 1-phenyldode-cane, 1-phenyltetrdecane and 1-phenylhexadecane sodium sulphonates, were prepared and their capabilities for lowering dynamic interfacial tension (D-IFT), were evaluated in n-octane/NaOH aqueous systems. The effects of surfactant structure and the concentration of added NaOH on the tension behaviour of these anionic surfactant systems, were studied. Tension behaviour of surfactant are considered the backbone for evaluating and designing practical formulations used for surfactant flooding systems.


Objective:As stated in the title.Methods:Of the 53 enrolled patients with lung and breast cancer,51 patients were used to evaluate the efficay and randomly divided to carboplatin injection group( n =35) and carboplatin sterile injection powder group( n =16),among which 44 cases had no prior chemotherapy and 7 cases had the experience of chemotherapy.The regimen for treatment of lung cancer was carboplatin 300 mg/m 2 by infusion at the lst day,etoposide(vp16)60 mg/m 2 by infusion at the 3nd to 7th day,and ifosfamide 1.5g/m 2 by infusion at the 2nd to 6th day.The regimen for treatment of breast cancer was carboplatin 300mg/m 2 by infusion at the lst day,doxorubicin 40 mg/m 2 (or epirubicin 50mg/m 2) by infusion at the 2nd day ,and fluorouracil 350 mg/m 2 by infusion at the 4th to 7th day.One cyde fo treatmnt is 28 days.The patients accepted the treatment for more than 2 cycles.Results:In carboplatin injection group the total response rate was62.9%(22/35) and the main side effect was mylosuppression of Ⅲ/Ⅳ grade (WBC 5.6%,PLT 2.8%).Conclusion:The efficacy of carboplatin injection in treatment of lung and breast cancer is confirmed by the study with well tolerable toxicity. [


Robust object detection under photon-limited conditions is crucial for applications such as night vision, surveillance, and microscopy, where the number of photons per pixel is low due to a dark environment and/or a short integration time. While the mainstream "low-light" image enhancement methods have produced promising results that improve the image contrast between the foreground and background through advanced coloring techniques, the more challenging problem of mitigating the photon shot noise inherited from the random Poisson process remains open. In this paper, we present a photon-limited object detection framework by adding two ideas to state-of-the-art object detectors: 1) a space-time non-local module that leverages the spatial-temporal information across an image sequence in the feature space, and 2) knowledge distillation in the form of student-teacher learning to improve the robustness of the detector's feature extractor against noise. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed method in comparison with state-of-the-art baselines. When integrated with the latest photon counting devices, the algorithm achieves more than 50% mean average precision at a photon level of 1 photon per pixel.


The objective of this project was to obtain the capacity of "Sendero Ecoturistico El Sombrerito" of the Machalilla National Park because it is accessible to the public, contains tourist potential and could be more useful to visitors withtaking into account the correct study of its capacity.For the achievement of this objective, the methodology of Miguel Cifuenteswas used, which was applied in a documentary research plan and a field research with the following methods: hermeneutic method, descriptive method and empiric method. According to the methodology, the physical and environmental characterization of the attractiveness was conducted, the longitude of the area was measured at 2119.20, the correction factors, the physical load capacity, the actual load capacity and the effective load capacity were assessed as well. It was recalculated and the daily value of the physical load capacity of 8477 of the Sombrerito Trail was obtained and after determining the correction factors the real load capacity was determined at 172 visitors. Finally with the management capacity of 64.90% the capacity of effective tourist load is 80 daily visitors.


At the end of his new film, 'Distant Thunder', Satyajit Ray reminds us that more than five million people died in the Bengal 'man made famine' of 1943. The message is framed by an effective last shot of massed ranks of starving poor fading into silhouette. The drama of this scene stands in contrast to the rest of the film, for Ray chooses to show the effects of famine indirectly through the eyes of a young and relatively well-off Brahmin couple.


In order to modify the rheological properties of epoxy resin adhesive in casting moulding technology and improve its bonding quality, the effects of thixotropic agents of hydrophilic nano-silica, organic bentonite and the composite agent of the two thixotropic ones on the rheological properties of epoxy resin (E-44) were studied by the evaluation parameters of viscosity and thixotropic index in this paper. The variation regulation of rheological properties of epoxy resin (E-44) with different thixotropic agents as the storage time was also investigated. The results show that the two thixotropic agents play a significant role in thickening the density and modifying the thixotropy of the epoxy resin (E-44). Especially, the thickening and thixotropic effects of the composite agent of 3phr hydrophilic nano-silica with 6phr organic bentonite are the most remarkable and the storage stability is also excellent.


Context: The objective of this systematic review is to analyze the pattern of masticatory muscle and its effects on craniofacial structures. Method: Electronic search was conducted for relevant studies in last 20 years (from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2021) on the following databases: PubMed, Google scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Wiley Library database. Hand searching of selected orthodontic journals was also undertaken. The selected studies were assessed for the risk of bias in Cochrane collaboration risk of bias tool. The "traffic plot" and "weighted plot" risk of bias distribution are designed in the RoB 2 tool. Two authors extracted the data which was then analyzed by another reviewer to obtain the final data. Results: Six studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was high for all the studies. The sample size of the studies, methodologies used, muscles under study, parameters of muscles, and statistical analysis performed were extracted. The methodologies and results of the studies were found to be heterogenous. Conclusions: It is found that the vertical craniofacial dimensions can be better appreciated by masseter than by medial pterygoid. The volume of masseter is superior predictor than its cross-sectional area. The volume of the medial pterygoid affects the ramus of the mandible and the length and width of the lateral pterygoid are significantly correlated with transverse skeletal dimensions.


The pharmaceutical industry has classically relied on screening methods for its discovery and development of new drugs. Moreover, the recent use of high throughput screening has radically changed the industry's ability to expand drug searches. These approaches have proven to be highly successful and account for> 90% of aU ofthe prescription drug market. From a 'Company' perspective, the more compounds screened, the greater the likelihood that a new drug can be added to the ~pipeline'. Although random screens are time-consuming and labour-intensive, these methods have a proven success record and are unlikely to change in the near future. Today~ the compound libraries are, generally, the products of shotgun combinatorial chemistry or are collections of natural products. The screens, by necessity, are designed for 'ease-of-use'. Consequently, the initial system must have a simplified read-out for screening potential drug 'hits' ~ Often, this means that the assay read-out has been reduced to monitoring the formation or disassociation of a protein complex or for monitoring the expression of an engineered marker\ such as luciferase, to screen for


In order to reserve spectrum information better on the base of high spatial resolution in the fusion image,the relation-ship for the information of high frequency between the high spatial resolution image and the multispectral image was studied;ISM(Inter-Band Structure Model) is introduced to the method of image fusion based on wavelet transform,the quondam method of fusion was improved;The method of image fusion based on ISM model and wavelet transform(shortened form:I-W) was proposed;After the contradistinctive experiments among HIS method,PCA method and the method proposed in this paper,the spatial infor-mation and spectrum information of the image can reserve better by the method proposed in this paper.


notion of groups recognizing and acting in conjunction in the pursuit of mutual interest. The Party Decides thus raises a number of questions for future research. Whereas party insiders and groups influence the selection of presidential nominees, activists vary in their engagement and participation in nomination campaigns, their willingness to accommodate other coalition members in the pursuit of their own interests, and their ability to unify behind a candidate before the caucuses and primaries. What drives the willingness of activists and groups to accommodate other coalition members in a given nomination cycle? The Party Decides minimizes the role of candidates in nomination process, so who runs would seem to matter relatively little. The intensity and preferences of party constituencies likely affect who runs but candidates may activate and galvanize constituencies. How does the variable participation of party constituencies affect the selection of nominees and the ideological direction of political parties? To what extent do energized party constituencies accommodate an appealing candidate to maintain the appearance of influence within the party by jumping on the bandwagon of the likely nominee? To what extent do party constituencies compete with each other for a preferred candidate rather than coordinating among themselves for the selection of a mutually acceptable candidate? That The Party Decides raises questions for future research is a testament to its strength and potential for impact on scholarship on political parties and presidential nominations.


Fermentation process control is currently limited by its inability to measure parameters such as substrate, product, and biomass concentrations rapidly for consistent on‐line feedback. Physical and chemical parameters, such as temperature and pH, currently can be obtained on‐line using appropriate sensors. However, to obtain information on the concentration of the substrate, product, and biomass, samples must be taken off‐line for measurement. With the use of spectroscopic techniques, real‐time monitoring of process constituents such as product and substrate is possible. Spectroscopic techniques are rapid and nondestructive, require minimal or no sample preparation, and can be used to simultaneously assess several constituents in complex matrices. The production of ethanol is the largest fermentation process in terms of production volume and economic value as a result of its prominence in the food, agricultural, and fuel industries. This study attempts to develop an on‐line ethanol fermentation monitoring technique using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with a flow‐through ATR capability. Models developed using multivariate statistics, employed to obtain on‐line FTIR measurements, were successfully validated by off‐line HPLC analysis and spectrophotometry data. Standard errors of prediction (SEP) values of 0.985 g/L (R2 = 0.996), 1.386 g/L (R2 = 0.998), and 0.546 (R2 = 0.972) were obtained for ethanol, glucose, and OD, respectively. This work demonstrates that FTIR spectroscopy could be used for rapid on‐line monitoring of fermentation.


In Newtonian gravity the horizon of invisible massive bodies are found from the criterion that light particles leaving the surface of a matter sphere will fail to travel to arbitrarily great distances. In Einstein's geometric theory for gravitation a massive body may curve space and time in its neighborhood such that this body is surrounded with an event horizon. Neither particles nor light can leave this body and move outwards. It is a curious coincidence that these very different considerations and concepts yield just the same answer for the position of the horizon. To examine this coincidence we generalize Newton's law for gravitation to include a repulsive force. We also generalize the relativistic case to include vacuum energy. We find that the new criteria to have horizons are now different and this is also the case for the positions of the horizons. Our conclusion is that the Newtonian "black hole" is just a misnomer, and the coincidence does not point to any deeper connection between Newton's gravity and general relativity.


Physical processes in which black holes may take part are described: collisions, Penrose process and superradiative scattering, floating orbits, and synchrotron radiation. (auth)


Surface modification treatment on pure magnesium was conducted at 400 ℃ by vacuum solid zinc-yttrium co-diffusing.The microstructure,microhardness and corrosion resistance of the zinc-yttrium co-diffusing layer were investigated by OM,SEM,EDS,XRD,microhardness test and electrochemical corrosion polarization curves test.The results show that the zinc-yttrium co-diffusing layer with an thickness of 2.7 mm forms on the surface of pure magnesium after surface modification treatment.The dense layer is composed of intermetallic compounds Mg7Zn3,α-Mg saturate solution,α-Mg and I-phase(Mg40Zn55Y5 or Mg30Zn60Y10) lamellar eutectic phases.The microhardness of the surface diffusion alloying layer increases significantly and its corrosion resistance in 5% NaCl solution also improves obviously.


By way of examining closely the problem existing in student Party branch in colleges from scientific development view,the work of student Party branch is innovated from such aspects as working idea,form of ideological education,educational activities and working methods,so as to strengthen the effect of student Party branch in colleges and universities.


This paper applied FLAC software to numerically simulating surrounding rock stability of open-off cut after removing supporting in 2302 Full-mechanized Mining Face of Zhangcun Colliery.It obtained displacement variation curve of roadway near open-off cut and obtained advanced and belated influence range of dynamic pressure of mining face.Results showed that removing supporting open-off cut was favorable for underground pressure control and economic profit increase.


A system and method for controlling engine clutch delivery torque of a hybrid electric vehicle are provided. The system includes: an engine clutch configured to control power transmission between an engine and a motor; an integrated starter-generator (ISG) configured to start the engine or to generate electric power by output of the engine; a transmission configured to change power applied to wheels; and a controller configured to control the engine, the motor, the integrated starter-generator, and the engine clutch in a predetermined condition and to check their states under the predetermined condition, wherein while learning the engine clutch delivery torque, the controller operates and controls the integrated starter-generator in order for the engine to maintain an idle speed when the idle speed is varied above a predetermined value.


Probabilistic Boolean networks (PBNs) can be used as models for determining therapeutic intervention strategies that reduce the likelihood of aberrant cellular dynamics occurring. Since PBN dynamics can be modeled by Markov chains canonical approaches to control of PBNs have included dynamic-programming based methods. This paper presents an alternative approach exploiting inhomogeneous Markov chains.