In decision-making situations, it is common to have a set of alternatives and to choose the best among them or to establish a ranking. Multi-criteria decision methods can be applied to obtain different rankings, even though the set of alternatives and criteria are the same. Considering this, the idea of Pareto analysis is discussed to process the results obtained by different methods and reach a consensus. Those alternatives that are non-dominated will be considered the best set. That reduces the number of alternatives to be chosen because only the best set of alternatives should be taking into account.


On the basis of wild investigation and data analysis,the composition and distribution types of pteridophytic flora in Songyang,Zhejiang are analyzed and a comparison is made between adjacent regions and upland pteridophytic flora,which shows that the pteridophytic flora in Songyang,Zhejiang is composed of 161 species and 7 varieties,72 genera and 38 families.The representative families are Dryopteridaceae,Athyriaceae,Polypodiaceae,Thelypteridaceae,Selaginellaceae and Aspleniaceae.The main genera are Dryopteris,Selaginella,Asplenium,Arachniodes,Pteris,Allantodia and Plagiogyria.The top families' distribution types are cosmopolitan and pantropic ones,the main genera are pantropical ones,while species distribution type belong to the east Asia type and represents the feature of subtropics transition to warm temperated area-type.As for the order of closeness,the sequence of pteridophytes floristic relations between Songyang and the adjacent regions goes as Southwest China,South China,Central China,Japan,North China,Northwest China and Northeast China.The six upland pteridophytes next to Songyang can be put into the same natural flora because of its closest relationship.But compared with other 11 upland fern flora in China,fern in Songyang is not rich enough.There are 37 species endemic to China in Songyang.


Graphical Abstract Summary: Dietary plane of energy intake during the dry period significantly affected dry matter intake, energy balance, and body weight gain, but did not affect body condition score or its change in cows that were free of displacement of abomasum, retained placenta, metritis, and hypocalcemia. Prepartum energy intake did not affect postpartum intakes of dry matter and energy, milk yield, milk composition, or blood metabolites measured 5 d before through 5 d after calving.


Our exploration of novel inorganic solids with large birefringence in the d10 Metal-Te4+-SO42- system afforded four new sulfate tellurites, Ga2(TeO3)(SO4)(OH)2, In2(TeO3)2(SO4)(H2O), Zn4(Te3O7)2(SO4)2(H2O) and Hg3(Te3O8)(SO4). Notably, Hg3(Te3O8)(SO4) exhibits the largest birefringence at 532 nm (0.184) and 1064 nm (0.166) among the reported metal sulfate tellurites.


Enhanced Fas system‐mediated hepatocyte apoptosis is observed in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐ and hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐associated chronic liver diseases. In these forms of viral hepatitis, liver‐infiltrating lymphocytes that recognize the viral antigen on hepatocytes become activated and express cytolytic Fas ligand (FasL) molecules. In contrast, hepatocytes exhibit enhanced Fas expression and become susceptible to FasL‐mediated death. Augmentation of the Fas system has also been observed in other liver diseases and biliary disorders. Moreover, the Fas system is involved in removing aged hepatocytes. Thus, Fas‐mediated apoptosis plays an important role in several liver diseases and in maintaining normal liver homeostasis.


Workplace accidents have a devastating effect on the transportation industry. Corporate safety culture has inspired interest because it is thought to influence the performance of employees. However, the implementation and measurement of safety culture interventions are challenged by a lack of theoretically supported measures. The purpose of this project was to discuss the design and validation of the Safety Culture Scale (SCS) and its utility in improving transportation safety through assessment and feedback. The SCS was developed by creating items consistent with the three themes (values, meaning, and behavioral expectations). The survey instrument was administered to a sample of employees from a large public transportation agency (N=1909). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to validate the underlaying model of cultural components of safety culture. One-way between groups analysis of variance, and post hoc tests provided initial evidence in support of the validity and reliability of the SCS. Results of analyses revealed significant differences (p<.05) between persons who had been involved in more accidents and safety violations thus demonstrating the relationship between safety culture and accident rates on scales included in the instrument. Implications of these findings are that the safety culture survey could be used to assess safety awareness and safety culture of trucking or transport companies, small communities, and other organizations involved in transport. By carefully monitoring scores on the SCS efforts could be made in various organizations to improve attitudes and behaviors towards safety and ultimately to reduce accidents and improve safety. Sherry & Colarossi Safety Culture


We report direct 13C dynamic nuclear polarization at 5 T under magic angle spinning (MAS) at 82 K using a mixture of monoradicals with narrow EPR linewidths. We show the importance of optimizing both EPR linewidth and electron relaxation times by studying direct DNP of 13C using SA-BDPA and trityl radical, and achieve 13C enhancements above 600. This new approach may be better suited for dissolution DNP and for studies of 1H depleted biological and other nonprotonated solids. Over the past few decades, many techniques have been developed for studying chemical structure. NMR spectroscopy in particular has achieved widespread use due to its ability to characterize biological molecules ranging from chemical structure, dynamics, and mediumrange (4–6 Å) intraand intermolecular structure. Solid-state NMR in particular has been especially important in structurally characterizing disordered biological solids, which are inaccessible to traditional diffraction based methods. However, the success of these experiments is limited due to the low Boltzmann polarization of nuclear spins, leading to long acquisition times. To address this issue, solution NMR and magnetic resonance imaging focuses primarily on high-γ, abundant nuclei such as 1H, 19F and 31P, while solidstate NMR methods utilizes magic angle spinning (MAS), cross-polarization (CP) and high magnetic fields to obtain modest gains in sensitivity and resolution. More recently high-field dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has been a valuable approach for studying structure, function, and reaction pathways because it allows significant reduction in acquisition times. In a DNP experiment, the large thermal electron spin polarization of a paramagnetic compound is transferred to surrounding nuclei, a process that is driven by irradiating the sample with microwaves.1,2 Immense gains in sensitivity have been reported for various lownuclei (e.g., 13C, 15N, 17O, 27Al and 29Si) using indirect DNP polarization.3–6 Typically, a nitroxide-based biradical (e.g., TOTAPOL) is used as the electron polarization source and polarizes 1H (theoretically reaching (γe/γH) ε≈ 660).7,8 This polarization is then transferred to lower-γ nuclei by a CP step, reaching enhancement *Corresponding Author: Robert G. Griffin, firstname.lastname@example.com. ‡These authors contributed equally. Author Contributions The manuscript was written through contributions of all authors. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript. No competing financial interests have been declared. Supporting Information: Experimental methods and sample preparation. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript J Am Chem Soc. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 February 27. Published in final edited form as: J Am Chem Soc. 2013 February 27; 135(8): 2935–2938. doi:10.1021/ja312265x. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript factors (ε) as high as 248.9 This approach has been used successfully for structural biology and more recently surface science studies.4,10–18 Indirect polarization is extremely attractive as many systems contain 1H's that are easily polarized. Strong 1H–1H and e′–1H couplings allow for efficient DNP and dispersion of polarization via spin-diffusion. Additionally, the wide availability of nitroxide-based biradicals, with broad EPR lines, allows high-γ nuclei such as 1H to be efficiently polarized by the cross-effect (CE). Unfortunately, many chemical systems do not fall into this category, because they are severely lacking 1H's which limits the ability to efficiently crosspolarize. An attractive approach in these circumstances is to perform direct polarization of low-γ nuclei such as 13C without the CP step from 1H. In this paper, we utilize a mixture of two narrow-linewidth radicals that have EPR resonance frequencies that are approximately separated by the 13C nuclear Larmor frequency as the polarizing agent. Concurrently, since that exhibit different relaxation rates, we can optimizing both the CE matching condition and the DNP kinetics. With this mixture, we obtain record 13C DNP enhancements > 600 (nearly 25 % of the theoretical enhancement (γe/γC) ε≈ 2620). The development of high-field DNP has focused on the CE mechanism, since typical solid effect (SE) enhancements had been considerably lower than those for CE.19 However, recent results have shown that SE may be useful for polarization using transition-metal based polarizing agents20 and can also give enhancements ~100;21,22 with sufficient microwave field strength, sensitivity gains may match those of CE.23 The dominant polarization transfer process depends on the nucleus being polarized and the EPR characteristics of the polarizing agent. In particular, the relative magnitudes of the electron homogeneous (δ) and inhomogeneous (Δ) linewidths, and the nuclear Larmor frequency (ω0I) determine the dominant polarization mechanism. The SE mechanism is a two-spin process which is dominant when ω0I > δ, Δ and microwave irradiation is applied at the electron-nuclear zeroor double-quantum frequency.24–26 This matching condition is given by


The South Western region of Ethiopia is affected by both tsetse and non-tsetse transmitted trypanosomosis with a significant impact on livestock productivity. The control of trypanosomosis in Ethiopia relies on either curative or prophylactic treatment of animals with diminazene aceturate (DA) or isometamidium chloride (ISMM). This study was conducted from March - June 2017, where tsetse infestation was high in four purposively selected rural kebeles of Guraferda district of Bench Maji Zone, South Western Ethiopia. The main objective of this study was to assess trypanocidal drug resistance under natural grazing systems. Resistance to trypanocidal drug was determined through longitudinal studies. In this study 200 cattle were used for experiment; 50 cattle from each rural kebeles (25 treated and 25 control group). However, 16 animals 5 from control and 11 from threated group were left due to sale of the animals by the owners, refusal of owners to allow their animals during sample collection and inability to reach the study kebeles because of heavy rain and presence of mud. In the present study, 25 cattle were treated with isometamidium and 25 cattle were left untreated and examined regularly at two weeks interval for the presence of trypanosomes. During the experimental period, all infections were monitored in both groups and treated with diminazene (7 mg/kg) body weight. Resistance to isometamidium was assessed by comparing cumulative incidence in both treated and control group using the test relative risk reduction and deducting the rate of treatment failure. Resistance to diminizene was assessed through the rate of treatment failure observed at two week post treatment in the control group. In both cases the threshold of 25% treatment failure was adopted as criteria of presence of chemo-resistance. The present study revealed that the prevalence of trypanosome infection was (76.8%) in control and (23.2%) in treated group. The trypanosome species in the area was predominantly due to T.Congolense (76.8%). This indicates there was a resistance of trypanosome species for the treatment with the recommended dose of diaminazine (7mg/kg) and isometamidium (1mg/kg) body weight. Thus, it is crucial to develop an adequate prophylactic measurements to reduce the prevalence of trypanosome infection there by reducing tsetse fly populations in the study areas.


HfO2-based ferroelectric film has shown great potential for the application of ferroelectric memory due to its great advantages as compared to traditional ferroelectrics. However, the origin of the...


Good conversation requires resourcefulness, patience, tact, the ability to listen, a certain manner of expression and an awareness of social conventions.This is a study of the intonation patterns of English Mentors at APIIITs based on which an attempt is made to find out the deviations from the intonation patterns of RP (Received Pronunciation).The analysis of the data revealed that the informants have no perfect idea on intonation patterns of Tonality, Tone & Tonicity and most of them went wrong in the division of tone groups, using the right tones and selection of the tonic syllables on the content word.


Using a relatively inexpensive spectrograph, students with no previous experience at color photography can turn out beautiful full color transparencies of spectra that can be viewed in less than two hours.


Numerous empirical research studies posit that social capital has a positive influence on peoples' political participation. Studies conducted in developed western democracies have revealed that social capital strengthens democratic institutions by impacting both the quantity and quality of citizens' political participation. However, in the developing democracies of Africa, the effects of social capital on political participation remain under-researched. This paper aims to empirically examine whether the interrelation between social capital and political participation holds true in the developing democracies of Africa. By operationalising the concept of social capital as membership in civic associations, this paper examines the influence of social capital on peoples' voting participation in three Southern African countries, viz. Botswana, Namibia and Zambia. Using data from the sixth round of the Afrobarometer Survey, this study found that social capital was strongly linked to voting participation in these countries.


In an earlier paper (Krutchkoff, 1967) the Inverse Method of calibration is compared to the Classical Method by a Monte Carlo technique and found to have a uniformly smaller average squared error in the range of the controlled variable. This note presents some results obtained when using these procedures for extrapolation. Situations are shown to exist in extrapolation in which the Classical Method is superior to the Inverse Method.


The Purpose of this study was to explore the degree of caregiving stress in caring for dementia elderly according to objective resources, perceived adequacy resource and locus of control in homemakers. The subjects of this study were 141 married women who had cared for dementia elderly. A questionnaire was used as survey method. The data was analyzed by means of Cronbach , factor analysis, MANOVA, and Scheffe test. The main findings were as follows First, there was significant difference in the degree of caregiving stress in caring for dementia elderly according to objective resources. Second, the degree of caregiving stress in caring for dementia elderly was significantly different according to perceived adequacy resource. Third, the degree of caregiving stress in caring for dementia elderly differed significantly according locus of control.


Microscopic analysis of the morphology of animal fibers has been used in conjunction with other lines of evidence, providing useful taxonomic information to reconstruct scenarios that account for the strategies implemented by hunter-gatherers and producers, in view of the use of animal resources. Here, the advance made in the study of cortical cells is offered as a complement to results obtained from qualitative and quantitative variables such as thickness, medulla, fiber type and color. The information gained is used to evaluate the relevance in the search of interspecific indicators. The analysis was performed on samples corresponding to level 4 from Cueva Salamanca 1 (7500 ± 60 BP Beta 178223) (Pintar 2004) and level 4 from Quebrada Seca 3 (Cal. 3684 to 4226 1s) Aschero et al. 1993- 94), both in the southern Puna (Antofagasta de la Sierra, Argentina) and of which taxonomic designations have already been obtained by morphological analysis.


This paper aims to demonstrate the benefits of using conventional or natural coagulants to enhance gravitational sedimentation of raw pig slurry. The separation process would lead to a liquid fraction, more biodegradable and with lower phosphorus content, and a solid fraction highly-concentrated in organic matter. This treatment step can be easily implemented at a real scale with minor costs and can lead to the abatement of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and direct or indirect water pollution associated to pig production. Laboratorial experimental trials were conducted in order to achieve the following objectives: (i) compare the effect of natural sedimentation with coagulation/flocculation process; (ii) compare the efficiency of conventional coagulants (such as aluminium sulphate or ferric chloride) with chitosan biopolymer; (iii) test the optimum coagulation/flocculation operational conditions to raw slurry sample. Assessment criteria included removal efficiencies but also took into consideration the advantages/disadvantages regarding slurry and treatment sludge management.


For some time now in the humanities there has been a pronounced interest in the way history and memory are intertwined. Sherman Alexie's, and by extension contemporary US ethnic fiction offers surprising and productive, even though fictional and constructed, ways to reconsider this relationship. In terms of some concepts and procedures borrowed from the studies of trauma, the analysis will go to show how trauma incites memory, how this memory in turn is activated in specific, historically contingent lieux de memoire (P. Nora) essential for Native American culture in the States, and, furthermore, how they occasion the production of ethnic history as an integral part of the national historical narrative. The reading will principally encompass Sherman Alexie's most recent novel "Flight" (2007).


Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is a benign lesion consisting of myofibroblastic spindle cells with an inflammatory cells infiltration. Their behaviour is generally not aggressive, but in some cases they can simulate malignant neoplasms, from which they are impossible to be distinguished before excision. We report a case of IMT originating from the spleen in a 65‐year‐old woman. She underwent splenectomy with the diagnosis of lymphoma, whereas the final pathological diagnosis was IMT. By referring to previously diagnosed IMT cases in our hospital and relevant literature, we conclude that, as a result of a lack of clinical and imaging features, surgical excision is the primary choice of IMT, in order to obtain a definitive diagnosis as well as to avoid recurrence and metastasis, and the subsequent follow up is necessary.


The canton Nobol is approximately 137,152 square kilometers in area. Nobol is located in the southern portion of the city of Guayaquil. Its adjacent boundaries consist of canton Daule to the Northeast and canton Isidro Ayora and Canton Lomas de Sargentillo to the West. The canton Nobol is currently ongoing a growth process, according to the statistics presented by INEC. During the year 2010, Nobol registered a population of approximately 19,600 and a growth rate of 3.16%. During the year 2015, a growth in the population was noted with a population of approximately 23,218 people and with a growth rate of 3.33% and a death rate of 4.03%.

The growth of the population has been very noticeable in the past years and as a result the death rate has increased. Nobol has been affected by the lack of space currently in the cemeteries which is not concurrent with the propulation growth rate. As a result of the rate studies performed, Gobierno Autonomo Descentralizado (GAD) from Canton Nobol, has implemented a redevelopment plan which Will provide the appropriate space needed to cover for the population death rate……


In any proton-exchange membrane fuel cell, the bipolar plates grab attention because of the high production cost and heavyweight. Hence, the open-cell nickel foams are considered as an alternative to these grooved plates. The reliability of the metallic foams used as flow distributors and gas diffusion layers plays a vital role in the fuel cell's overall performance. Fretting wear damage of the metal foam at strut/strut interface and strut/supporting frame interface due to the vehicular vibrations and pressurized fuel flow is expected to affect the performance and is investigated. This paper discusses the fretting wear behaviour of nickel foam strut that constitutes open-cell nickel foam based on laboratory tests. The experiments are performed by using two different contact configurations: steel ball on wrought nickel flat and nickel strut on wrought nickel flat. The test results reveal the fretting friction coefficient's dependence on the normal load, surface roughness and contact geometry. Although the nickel strut versus nickel flat fretting wear tests showed a low coefficient of friction, severe damages were observed on the nickel struts' worn surfaces compared to the wrought nickel flat. Scanning electron microscope images of worn scars on nickel foam struts indicate the presence of shallow grooves, craters, micro-cracks and delamination craters at higher loads.


Multimedia presentation is widely accepted as a successful learning aid that proved to
enhance the interest and the skill of the targeted audience. With the interactive features
found in the presentation, the multimedia learning approach has widely been accepted all
around the world. Teaching and Learning prototype for Learning Disabilities Student
also are now available in the multimedia presentation. Teaching and Learning prototype
for Learning Disabilities Student is develop specifically for learning disabilities students
from age 6 years to 14 years old. The content of the Teaching and Learning prototype
for Learning Disabilities Student are including Teaching Syllabus and Exercise. The
Teaching syllabus is including Alphabet Number, My First Numbers, Rainbows Color,
Shape of Objects and social and Self-Help. Beside that the Exercise is including Label
the Picture, Objective Questions and Complete the Words. In developing the Teaching
and Learning prototype for Learning Disabilities Student, methodology are consists of
Project Conceptualization , Planning , organizing and research , Developing digital
media content, Multimedia authoring, packaging and delivery and lastly presentation is
used. The data is collected through observation on special educational school and
interviews with the teacher. The Teaching and Learning prototype for Learning
Disabilities Student is develop in an interactive multimedia approach that can enhance
the learning disabilities students intention and encourage them to learn and feel
enjoyable on their studies.


The loss of the world of meaning is the root cause for social crises.The world of meaning is the human world constructed by surpassing the limited world of noumenon.This world including ethic system and moral obligation should turn from the natural ethic system to automatic moral obligation with the agency of moral education.Due to the deflection of social development strategies,the chain between ethic system and moral obligation broke with the ethic system retreating,the morality fading,the society losing its order and the individuals killing themselves.Therefore,to save the world of meaning is to save human beings.The practical approaches are as follows: firstly,returning to tradition and learning from other cultures;secondly,respecting the life of both human beings and other species;and finally,making the moral education return to its nature.


Abstract:
 Oocyte, embryo, ovarian tissue, and sperm cryopreservation before cancer treatments (aggressive chemotherapy/radiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation) are useful for the fertility preservation of cancer patients.This paper discusses the importance of the available treatment options including the risks, advantages and disadvantages of fertility preservation options. The reimplantation of contaminated ovarian tissue could be a life-threatening event. Therefore, the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) is also discussed. Key words: Fertility preservation, Cryopreservation, Cancer, Pregnancy, Minimal residual disease (MRD) is also discussed.


This paper explores how applying a basic management science principle to air traffic management operations can lead to revised roles and responsibilities that allow operations to be handled by the most appropriate participants. Previous research that applied the principle to local departure and arrival management is reviewed; the application is then expanded to regional and national air traffic management. The paper examines the operational and engineering implications of the resulting concept, contrasted with current operations and tools, and identifies where additional research or development is needed. Examples are provided that illustrate the resulting activities at the various air traffic management facilities across a broad range of look-ahead timeframes. I. Introduction HE High-Density Area Departure and Arrival Management (HDDAM) concept was developed in the context of arrival and departure air traffic management in high-density airspace such as Metroplex areas. The management science principles underlying HDDAM appear to be applicable to National Airspace System (NAS) operations at any level, including all phases of planning and flight. This paper explores some operational and engineering implications of such an application to local, regional, and NAS-wide air traffic operations. As described elsewhere, 1-3 HDDAM redefines the decision making processes within the Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC), the Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON), and multiple Air Traffic Control Towers (ATCTs) for high-density area departure/arrival traffic management. The decision making authority proposed for each facility reflects the information available to each decision maker and the impact of the decision on their operating environment. Specifically, each facility is responsible for defining the capacity of its air traffic management resources (such as airports, airspace, airways) and requesting resources for flights to use. As shown in Fig. 1 for a single Metroplex, the TRACON has a central role in these interactions, serving as a "broker" between the facilities with the resources and the facilities with requests for use of those resources that are not within their scope of control, while also accounting for the TRACON's ability to deliver the flights to the resources in question. ATCTs are responsible for requesting resources for departing flights and the ARTCC for requesting resources for arriving flights, as they each possess the best information regarding the status of these flights. Because of the uncertainties present in predicting individual flight departure readiness and inbound air traffic arrival times, the TRACON does not assign specific departure and arrival slots to individual flights. Instead, the TRACON allocates slots to the airports (for departures) and ARTCC (for arrivals) so they can make flight-specific assignments as deemed best for their individual operating environments. This effectively decouples the decisions of the individual ATCTs and the ARTCC, giving each facility increased flexibility to handle situations dynamically as they develop. Air traffic management operations are most effective when the decision makers work as a team. The underlying principle of HDDAM is that this can be accomplished best when all facilities' roles and responsibilities are based on the management science principle that allows the appropriate level of autonomy at each facility. The principle states that decisions should be assigned to those who are already performing other tasks with the relevant data—those who know the most about the factors affecting the decision—and will be most directly affected by the consequences of 1 Lead Multi-Discipline System Engineer, TFM System Engineering and Evolution, 7515 Colshire Drive, Mailstop


In a recent article in Pediatrics, by Kirkland et al.,1 reference is made to only 36 cases of acute suppurative thyroiditis in children. Two years ago we made a review of the literature due to two unusual cases evaluated by us, one is a 1½-year-old Negro Dominican boy2 who presented two recurrent episodes of acute suppurative thyroiditis and a 7-year-old Puerto Rican girl who presented acute suppurative strumitis, for she suffered from chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis with superimposed suppuration.


Abstract This article examines early digital archival practices, especially those related to historical sources digitised and published to the World Wide Web in the 1990s. Without well-documented professional standards for the digitisation and publication of archival materials online during this period, many archival workers developed innovative, yet idiosyncratic methods of arranging and presenting archival material. Using historical methods informed by digital forensics, this article reconstructs the development practices of one such group of archival workers. The article is structured around a case study examining digitised archival materials pulled from the personal records of American psychologist Timothy Leary, published to Leary.com in the mid-1990s. Forensic analysis of the interface and contents of Leary.com is used to ascertain the dates of development, as well as the specific techniques employed. Next, analysis of the archival arrangement bestowed upon the Web site contents is compared against the professional guidelines generally followed by American archivists, highlighting key differences between the ad-hoc practices of non-institutional archivists and the more formalized procedures followed by peers at established institutions. In conclusion, the article argues that this case study is valuable insofar as it establishes both methodological and historical precedents for deeper engagement with primary sources in Internet history research.


Objective To observe the efficacy of treating radiotherapy-induced stomatitis and pharyngitis with riboflavin sodium phosphate.Methods Eighty-two patients undergoing radiotherapy for malignant tumors of head and neck for the first time were divided randomly into two groups.Riboflavin sodium phosphate 10mg IV qd.was used during radiotherapy in group A(42 cases),which was not in group B(40 cases).Results The incidence of radiotherapy-induced stomatitis and pharyngitis was significantly lower in group A than that in group B(P0.05).There were no significant differences in the changes of liver and renal functions and myelosuppression between two groups.Conclusion The incidence of radiotherapy-induced stomatitis and pharyngitis can be reduced effectively by simultaneous infusion of riboflavin sodium phosphate without any adverse effect on liver and renal function and myelosuppression.


Through years of practice, the economic responsibility audit in the city of Liuzhou has made significant achievements. Whereas there still exist such problems as misunderstanding and misjudgment in economic responsibility auditing, heavy audit tasks, shortage of auditing staff, extension of audit time, ineffective use of audit results,etc. In order to enhance economic responsibility audit, we must clarify the scope the audit evaluation, and establish a scientific and comprehensive evaluation system for economic responsibility audit. To ensure the efficiency and effects of audit, it is necessary to improve the overall quality of auditors,and to standardize the auditing procedures. At the meantime, we should also attach importance to identify the internal relation between different departments, and harmonize the work of different positions.


The notes that follow are concerned with certain mineralogical problems which could not be discussed at length in my edition of the De Lapidibus (Oxford, 1965). For the most part, only the bare conclusions are stated there. In handling these problems I owe much to the discussions that I had during his lifetime with Dr. Stanley Smith, and to those that I have had more recently with Professor F. Coles Phillips and Mr. Robert H. S. Robertson.


In order to build safer bridge structures, in the design stage, the external loads acting during service life are to be considered. The earthquake action is probably the one which can have the most severe effects on the structures, mainly because of its high level of uncertainty concerning it's time and position of occurrence, intensity and duration. For this purpose, in the last decade, many steps were made worldwide for the improvement of the provisions regarding the consideration of the earthquake action. In the past years the design concept to build safer bridge structures to resist against the seismic action led to rigid structural elements, having big dimensions of the piers cross sections and foundations. The developments of new calculation and experimental methods have introduced new concepts in the design of structures as the base isolation. These procedures were applied at the beginning for buildings, but at the present time, they are also used for bridges by using special bearing devices placed between the substructure and superstructure elements. In this paper, a new designed bridge near Ploieşti city is analyzed. This new bridge is placed on the regional road DJ102 and overpasses the national road DN1B. For this bridge a special solution was chosen, the superstructure sustaining a roundabout intersection having eight accesses, four for entering and other four for exits. The bridge is placed in a region with a high level of the seismic hazard (ks=0.28g). In order to reduce the level of the effective strength on the piers cross section but also foundations dimensions, special bearing devices were used combined with viscous dampers. Using artificially generated accelerograms and nonlinear time-history analyses, the response of the bridge on the seismic action is investigated and a comparison between the results on nonisolated and isolated structure is made.


The comparative estimation of a role of various investors is lead to air pollution on territory of Voronezh region. Priority industrial investors are determined and ranging areas of region on a level of influence of the industrial enterprises on air pool is carried out. It is noted, that disease of the population of illnesses of bodies of breath in the certain measure is connected with emissions of polluting substances in an atmosphere of the urbanized territories.


Summary Zucker obese rats are normoglycemic, hyperinsulinemic, and release more insulin from isolated pancreatic islets than do their nonobese controls. Basal glucose conversion to glycogen by muscle and to CO2 by isolated adipocytes is similar in Zucker obese and nonobese; insulin resistance is present in both tissues in the obese. There is a significant correlation between adipocyte response to insulin and pancreatic insulin release in obese and nonobese rats. The authors suggest a role for adipocytes in determining pancreatic function.


PURPOSE: To provide a lightning arrester with semiconductor, which does not bring about power interruption even in the event of flowing of a discharge current in excess of the discharge withstand quantity of a zinc oxide element. CONSTITUTION: A non-linear resistance element 3 such as zinc oxide element, a semiconductor switch element 6 such as thyristor element, and a gap 4 are inserted serially between a power transmission line 1 and a steel tower arm on the grounded side. Otherwise, a mechanical separating device is installed instead of the gap 4. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Objective To analyze expression of transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1 on peripheral blood by Real-time PCR method within fluorosis patient and control subjects.Methods In 11 patients with mild fluorosis by drinking water and control of all 11 cases were selected for research.SYBRGreen 1 real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine TM9SF1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes of fluorosis and the control group.Results TM9SF1 mRNA in mild disease group(1.33±0.22) were higher than the control group(1.20±0.24),but showed no statistical significances(P0.05).Conclusion Exposuring to fluoride can increase TM9SF1 mRNA expression in the peripheral blood of patients with mild fluorosis.Their diagnostic value need further study.


Educational theorists and philosophers agree that philosophical values are at the root of a philosophy of education and that curriculum theory and educational policy choices usually follow the philosophical values (Dewey, 1943, 1946; Kneller, 1967B). Soltis (1981), for example, in the most recent NSSE yearbook on philosophy of education, argued that the issue of value choices is at the foundation of all curriculum decisions.


Abstract Name : Tiya Akmalia Student No. : 1406102020030 Department/Program : English Education/Undergraduate Title : A STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS' CHALLENGES IN LISTENING ( A Descriptive Qualitative Study of Eleventh Grade Students at SMAN 1 Calang) Keywords: Listening, Listening Comprehension, Factors on Listening Challenges This research is aimed to find out factors and the dominant factor affecting students' challenges in listening comprehension as perceived by students at SMAN 1 Calang. This is a descriptive qualitative study. The sample of this research is selected by using purposive sampling. There are 75 of eleventh-grade students who participated in this research. Questionnaire and interview are designed as research instruments. The questionnaire consists of 30 items grouped into 5 categories; students' listening comprehension challenges related to factors attributed to the content and linguistics features of the listening text, factors attributed to the speaker, factors attributed to the listener, and factors attributed to the physical setting. Moreover, the interview consists of three questions asking about students' opinion about listening comprehension, challenges they faced in listening comprehension activity, and factors that cause those challenges. The result indicates the listening text, the speaker, the listener, and the physical setting are the main sources of students' listening comprehension challenges. The dominant factor affecting students' challenges in listening comprehension is factor attributed to the physical setting; the noise from environmental surroundings, with the percentage 89.6%.


To mitigate the effects of wind variability on power output, hybrid systems that combine offshore wind with other renewables are a promising option. In this work we explore the potential of combining offshore wind and solar power through a case study in Asturias (Spain)—a region where floating solutions are the only option for marine renewables due to the lack of shallow water areas, which renders bottom-fixed wind turbines inviable. Offshore wind and solar power resources and production are assessed based on high-resolution data and the technical specifications of commercial wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) panels. Relative to a typical offshore wind farm, a combined offshore wind–solar farm is found to increase the capacity and the energy production per unit surface area by factors of ten and seven, respectively. In this manner, the utilization of the marine space is optimized. Moreover, the power output is significantly smoother. To quantify this benefit, a novel Power Smoothing (PS) index is introduced in this work. The PS index achieved by combining floating offshore wind and solar PV is found to be of up to 63%. Beyond the interest of hybrid systems in the case study, the advantages of combining floating wind and solar PV are extensible to other regions where marine renewable energies are being considered.


Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells have become attractive therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy because of their efficient mechanisms for killing cancerous cells. Both effector CTLs and mature NK cells are endowed with secretory granules containing pre-formed cytolytic proteins that, once released at the immunological synapse, initiate a cascade of reactions leading to the apoptosis of the target cell. CTLs and NK cells may also promote cell killing through death-receptor-mediated and cytokine-induced cell death mechanisms. Here we show a 16-color flow cytometry panel allowing clear identification of CTLs, NK cells and related cell subsets in whole blood. We also describe an optimized intracellular staining protocol for analysis of granules content, including granzyme B, granzyme K and perforin. Optimal resolution of cell populations was achieved by employing a selection of BD Horizon Brilliant™ Reagents and BD Horizon™ Red 718 Reagent, a new small molecule fluorochrome option for the red laser. Cell fixation and permeabilization were carried out directly in whole blood using the BD Phosflow™ Reagents, adding convenience to the workflow and practical analysis of cell frequencies. The data also showed the expression of selected activation and inhibitory surface receptors. These results combined with the analysis of intracellular proteins contribute to characterization of the functional status of cytotoxic cells.
 Class 1 Laser Product.
 For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
 BD 25443 (v1.0) 0121
 BD, the BD Logo, FACSymphony, Horizon, Horizon Brilliant and Phosflow are trademarks of Becton, Dickinson and Company or its affiliates. © 2021 BD. All rights reserved.


Understanding the fundamental aspects of the crystal growth of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) is critical to develop better materials for new and enhanced applications. Some of the most pressing questions in this regard are the formation of the structure around the voids in the framework or the factors that control the morphology of the crystals. Only direct observations at the nanoscale under growing conditions can reveal the answers to these fundamental questions. Atomic forcemicroscopy (AFM) can provide these kind of detailed observations. In this paper we report results from in-situ AFM growth experiments for three different MOFs: MOF-5, ZIF-8 and ZIF-76. AFM images of the three types of crystals growing under low supersaturation conditions reveal similar results. In all cases growth was observed to take place by a birth and spread and/or spiral growth mechanism. Detailed height analysis of 2-D nuclei as a function of lateral spreading revealed a complexmechanism of terrace growth for all three systems. For ZIF-76 five different heights were measured: 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8 and 2.3 nm. The last height is equal to that of a full monolayer height or d100 spacing, which corresponds to a double four ring (D4R) plus a sodalite (SOD) cage of the LTA-type structure of ZIF-76. The other heights correspond to the height of single D4R (0.6 nm) or the sum of a D4R plus an incomplete SOD cage. For ZIF-8, a similar stepwise building process was observed with heights corresponding to the addition of Zn ions or methylimidazole linkers to complete the constituent sodalite cages that provide the step stable termination. In the case of MOF-5 only two heights were measured during 2-D nucleation and growth, corresponding to addition of the Zn clusters and benzendicarboxylic (bdc) linker. These measurements indicate that MOF crystal growth takes place by the nucleation and spreading of successive metastable unenclosed sub-layers to eventually form the stable, enclosed framework structure. This process is dependent on the presence of non-framework species that bridge the developing pores during growth. During the experiments on MOF-5, it was also observed that varying the stoichiometry of theMOF-5 growing solutions resulted in a dramatic change in terrace morphology. Solutions with a Zn/H2bdc ratio > 1 produced square terraces with steps parallel to the d directions. However, if the Zn/H2bdc ratio is approximately one, the steps become parallel to the o direction, resulting in a rhomboid terrace morphology. Additionally, a change in MOF-5 crystal shape was observed from the pure cubic morphology to blunted cubes and octahedra expressing the {111} facets indicating a change in the relative growth rates of the different faces that define the crystal morphology. These results provide a modulator-free route to control the crystal morphology of MOF-5 and potentially other MOFs. MS44-O2 In situ observations of impurity effects during protein crystallization. Mike Sleutel, Dominique Maes, Structural Biology Brussels, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The dynamic response of critical aerospace components is often strongly dependent upon the dynamic behavior of bolted connections that attach the component to the surrounding structure. These bolted connections often provide the only structural load paths to the component. The bolted joint investigated in this report is an inclined lap-type joint with the interface inclined with respect to the line of action of the force acting on the joint. The accurate analytical modeling of these bolted connections is critical to the prediction of the response of the component to normal and high-level shock environmental loadings. In particular, it is necessary to understand and correctly model the energy dissipation (damping) of the bolted joint that is a nonlinear function of the forces acting on the joint. Experiments were designed and performed to isolate the dynamics of a single bolted connection of the component. Steady state sinusoidal and transient experiments were used to derive energy dissipation curves as a function of input force. Multiple assemblies of the bolted connection were also observed to evaluate the variability of the energy dissipation of the connection. These experiments provide insight into the complex behavior of this bolted joint to assist in the postulation and developmentmore » of reduced order joint models to capture the important physics of the joint including stiffness and damping. The experiments are described and results presented that provide a basis for candidate joint model calibration and comparison.« less


The majority of South Sudanese-Australians arrived in Australia, and other host countries outside Africa, after spending a greater part of their lives in refugee camps or conflict-affected areas. In addition, refugees are often not able to return to their home countries because the causes of their departure (wars, insecurity, hunger) continue to apply in their country of origin. The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the mental health and wellbeing issues some South Sudanese-Australians experience as a result of settlement difficulties and their earlier experience of conflict. The study looks at experiences of resettlement and settlement difficulties, and, more importantly, mental health and wellbeing issues in the wake of the aforesaid challenges. The data was collected from a qualitative method which comprised a series of semi-structured, one-on-one interviews with a total of 20 South Sudanese-Australians living in Melbourne. There were 11 males and nine females, with ages ranging from 18 to 64 years, who volunteered to participate in this study. Findings indicated that, as with many other people from refugee backgrounds, South Sudanese-Australians face a range of settlement-related challenges, and a host of post-resettlement adaptation experiences such as limited change of gender roles, language proficiency, unemployment, host society unacceptance or intolerance, constrained recreational opportunities, lack of community connectedness and overall mental health and general wellbeing issues. Experiencing conflict can be traumatic and refuge in neighbouring countries that are socio-culturally different can be challenging. In conclusion, these issues can not only be troublesome on a day-to-day basis, but also adversely affect the long-term mental health and wellbeing of refugees.


Abstract
 Identification of the bacterial fauna associated with the skin, nasal mucosa, and tongue of Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) may provide some insight into deer health and potential risks for humans from contact with deer. Few bacterial surveys have investigated White-tailed Deer, despite the commonality of human—deer interactions. From October to December 2011, we collected swab samples from the forehead, nose, and tongue of 39 hunter-harvested White-tailed Deer in Georgia. We inoculated and incubated agar plates for 48 h at 35 °C and identified the isolated bacterial colonies to genus using the bioMerieux Vitek 2 system. We amplified and sequenced portions of the 16s ribosomal-RNA gene, and used the products to identify 60 species of bacteria, including 342 Gram-positive isolates and 93 Gram-negative isolates. Although most species isolated from White-tailed Deer were nonpathogenic environmental bacteria, good hygiene is recommended when handling these animals.


: Recently developed POK fibers are eco-friendly and economical material com-pared with other industrial fibers. POK fabric can be applied to awning materials because of its excellent mechanical properties and chemical resistance. In this study, the adhesive strength between polyketone (POK) fabric and polyurethane (PU) resin was investigated by treatment with MDI (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) which acts as a chain extender on the fabric surface. The MDI treatment conditions of the POK fabric to improve the adhesion of the PU resin were investigated in terms of the amount of materials used and the heat treatment temperature. The changes in chemical structure were analyzed by FTIR. The microstructures of MDI-treated fiber surfaces and fractured surface were observed by FE-SEM. The surface free energy was calculated using contact angles measured with a sessile drop method. The adhesive strength was also analyzed by the T-peel test. Conclusively, by treating the isocyanate groups on the surface of the POK fabric, the bond strength between the POK fabric and the PU resin was more than doubled.


This research is conducted to clarify the factors which influence the adoption of human resource information systems. These factors are examined in the aspect of
private companies in Yemen. The three objectives of the study are to clarify the factors which are influencing the adoption of human resource information systems, to
explain how the barriers can be diminished by modifying the influential rate of certain factors and to exemplify the differences in the usage of human resource information
system among large and small companies. The research has conducted survey on the relation between the dependent variables and the independent variables, moreover using demographical data such as working experience and position to exemplify the quality of the respondents. Questionnaire was used to collect data, and these data were processed in statistical analysis. The findings have shown that there are relations between variables, and the necessity of adopting human resource information system was exemplified. For example, the performance appraisal was achieved by the adoption, which has refuted the null hypothesis.


This report presents the results of tests involving two computer models for the ground thermal regime, the Goodrich model (Goodrich, 1978) and the Guymon/Hromadka model (Guymon and Hromadka, 1977). The Geodyn model (Resource Management Associates) was also assessed informally, primarily for comparison with various features of the Goodrich and the Guymon/Hromadka models. A general conclusion of this investigation is that all three models contain limitations which require resolution before use as a general purpose engineering design tool.


This paper deals with the mechanical behaviour and the delamination mechanisms in temporary bonding. The presented work relies on developing a test vehicle in which a controlled delamination is created. Then, this test vehicle is used to compare the resistance against delamination of four thermoplastic adhesives. To finish, the thermo-mechanical behaviour of these four adhesives is also studied.


This paper considers the valuation problem of basket CDSs. Based on the construction of total hazard rates, the paper develops the work of Zheng and Jiang Zheng and Jiang (2009) from the homogenous case to the primary-subsidiary heterogenous case in the interacting intensity framework, and obtains the corresponding joint density of the default time. Moreover, the paper derives the valuation formulae for the basket CDSs with and without counterparty risk. Numerical results robustly show that, under certain conditions, using the analytical pricing formulae derived in this paper is more efficient than the Monte Carlo method for the basket CDS valuation.


Introduction: Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a malignancy of mature (post germinal center) B-lymphocytes that afflicts almost 20,000 individuals annually in North America and Europe. While the majority of patients diagnosed with HL are cured with multi-agent chemotherapy, 15 % of patients are refractory to conventional chemotherapy and almost half of patients with high-risk disease relapse. For these patients few effective therapeutic options exist. Only three drugs have been approved in the last 30 years for relapsed HL and thus additional novel therapies are needed. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a member of the TEC family and plays a central role in B-cell signaling, activation, proliferation and differentiation. Inhibition of BTK with ibrutinib in cell lines and animal models demonstrates activity against HL suggesting potential therapeutic benefit in patients with relapsed or refractory HL. Here we describe preliminary safety and efficacy analysis of the first 6 evaluable patients treated in this phase II trial. Methods: Patients >18 years with histologically confirmed classical HL who were ineligible for or had disease relapse after an autologous stem cell transplant were eligible. In addition all patients must have had prior exposure to brentuximab vedotin. Patients were treated with ibrutinib 560 mg orally daily until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary objective was overall response rate (ORR) as assessed by 2007 IWG criteria with secondary endpoints including safety, duration of response (DOR) and progression free survival (PFS). Results: To date 9 patients have been enrolled with 6 evaluable patients for analysis. (see table 1). Median age was 36 (range 25-62). Median number of prior therapies was 8 (range 3-11). All patients had prior brentuximab vedotin, and had prior autologous stem cell transplant. Four of six patients (67%) patients have received prior anti-PD-1 therapy. With a median follow up of 10 months the ORR is 17% with 1 patient demonstrating partial remission (PR) and 4 patients with SD. The median time to response was 3.2 weeks with a median duration of response (DOR) of 3.5 months. All adverse events (AE) were grade 1/2 and the most common AEs related to therapy included diarrhea in 3 patients, edema in 1 patient, nausea in 1 patient and leukocytosis in 1 patient. There were no grade 3, 4, or 5 adverse events noted. Conclusion: Ibrutinib is well tolerated in patients with relapsed/ refractory HL with adverse events consistent with those seen in other lymphoma histologies treated with ibrutinib monotherapy. Early results of efficacy suggest tumor activity in a heavily pretreated population with an ongoing PR, however further follow up is needed. These results support continued assessment of the role of BTK inhibition with ibrutinib in Hodgkin lymphoma. Disclosures Ramchandren: Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; MERCK: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Janssen: Research Funding. Phillips: KITE: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; Incyte: Other: Travel/Expenses. Pregja: Pharmacyclics: Other: Data Safety Monitoring Committee ; Prothena: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria. Aghamohammadi: Gillead: Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Speakers Bureau. Wesson: seattle genetics: Honoraria. Fanale: SEATTLE GENETICS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; MOLECULAR TEMPLATES: Research Funding; SEATTLE GENETICS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AMGEN: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; CELGENE: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; GENENTECH: Research Funding; TAKEDA: Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; TAKEDA: Honoraria, Research Funding; MERCK: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; MERCK: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; CELGENE: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; ADC THERAPEUTICS: Research Funding; MOLECULAR TEMPLATES: Research Funding; ONYX: Research Funding; ADC THERAPEUTICS: Research Funding; ONYX: Research Funding; AMGEN: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; AMGEN: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; ONYX: Research Funding; TAKEDA: Honoraria, Research Funding; MOLECULAR TEMPLATES: Research Funding; CELGENE: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; GENENTECH: Research Funding; GENENTECH: Research Funding; SEATTLE GENETICS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.


In a society where information represents one of the most valuable assets of business and government, an holistic approach to the management of information systems security is mandatory in order to prevent and detect possible abuse and misuse of information. Facing computer crimes requires to look at aspects related to the technical, formal and informal part of an information system, using theories, methods and techniques lying on different disciplines. Although, the majority of methods and techniques to prevent, detect and investigate computer crimes are best practices based on the experience of IT professionals and practitioners and there is a general lack of theories both used and advocated by academics. We expect to contribute to the literature on computer crime detection, prevention and investigation by introducing a new framework, a formalism and techniques strongly founded on social, psychological and organizational theories. Our assumption is that by focusing on human behavior instead of IT, is possible to better understand computer crimes and to offer substantial insight into the area of IS security


A new type of lube additive was prepared by reactions of alanine with lauroyl chloride in alkaline solution,and its structure was characterized by means of Infrared Spectrum.The effect of Nlauroyl alanine as a new lubricating oil additive on the biodegradability of HVI350 mineral base oil was studied.And the tribological properties of the additive in HVI350 mineral oil were evaluated on a four-ball friction tester.The morphologies of the worn steel surfaces were observed and examined by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM).The chemical states of some typical elements on the worn steel surface were analyzed by means of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscope(XPS).The results showed that N-lauroyl alanine greatly accelerates the biodegradability of HVI350 mineral base oil,and considerably increases the load-carrying capacity,anti-wear and friction-reducing abilities of mineral oil.It is promising as an environmentally friendly lube additive.


Abstract The article analyses theoretical aspects of a city brand definition, applying cases of various brands of Lithuanian cities. A brand is any sign or symbol which helps to distinguish goods or services for one person from the goods or services of another, and which may be represented graphically. The brand can be a variety of symbols, their combination, and other visual manifestations of information, such as words, names, slogans, letters, numbers, drawings, emblems; or spatial characteristics of the product itself – its image, packaging, shape, color, color combination or a combination of all these. City development usually includes an image dimension. The common ground for this is that a well-known toponym often generates events, investments, etc. Many cities are actively positioning and promoting their strategic intentions. Often times a city brand is associated with its fight for investment, tourist numbers, or successful businesses. Objective: To scrutinize relevant theories applicable to city visual branding; to look through various definitions of the city branding and envisage some advantages and disadvantages they might pose; and to analyze various case studies so that we could summarize the methodologies of why and how we could better position our local products globally. Methodology: The case study methods were used as part of a complex study and combined with in-depth interviews as well as benchmarking methods from various sources. In-depth interview method was used to obtain expert opinions on the subject. The in-depth interview method helped to analyze logo usage, goals, define pros and cons, and evaluate the results of logo design in urban development. This method was chosen to collect detailed and authentic material based on the attitudes and experiences of those involved in such a creative process. Findings: The conclusion was reached that since a place prompts a lot of variables, in the future we need to consider more numerous components, such as population, industries, landscape, economies or history, etc. The hypothesis was confirmed about the variables of the city to be further considered for (re)branding, such as the cost, semantic complexity, societal charge, and the dynamics (changeability, or rigidity). As for the methodologies, we arrived at the conclusion that the best way to create a viable city brand is a collaboration between different stakeholders. Value Added: The article adds to European experts' suggestion of rethinking the concept of design itself, as until now a one-sided approach to design as a means of schematizing a product has prevailed. This approach, even regulated by Lithuanian law, does not cover the whole process of creating and implementing an idea. "Design is a problem-solving approach that focuses on the user during its development. It can be applied in both the public and private sectors to promote innovation in products, services, processes and even legislation," says Dr Anna Whicher, expert on design policy and strategy of the European Commission. In other words, design has been increasingly integrated into the science, business, social and service sectors to maximize innovation. As many as 63 percent of Lithuanian businesses do not use design solutions (product design, stylization or business strategy development) at any stage of production. This figure is below the EU average, where almost half of all businesses already integrate design solutions into their operations. Lithuania is also one of the 13 countries in Europe (out of 28) that does not have design policy documents or a community uniting organization, such as design centers in Great Britain, Denmark, Estonia or other countries. The paper invites Lithuania to re-think its design development policies at large, paying attention to urban design solutions in particular. Recommendations: In further research, while selecting potential expert for city logo development, it is recommended that priority should be given to (a) responsible experts in strategic / territorial and national policy making or related activities, (b) experts with knowledge of sustainable development, (c) independent sustainable development analysts / consultants / private and academic or who have implemented specific project-based SDs both nationally and internationally. The stakeholders in this process should be representing: 1) Public Sector, 2) NGOs, 3) Private Sector, 4) Academy and 5) Independent Experts.


In response to the readers panel on what to do with nursing students who narrowly fail their degrees (reflections September 24), is there a suggestion that registered nurses who have diplomas will be thought of as second class? Not having a degree does not mean that a nurse lacks the ability to achieve at that level.


Tabular dunite bodies within the ophiolitic upper mantle are widely considered to locate pathways for melt transport under ocean ridges. They probably formed by in-situ transformation of mantle harzburgite to dunite along melt channels. In order for the melts to be reactive with the host mantle they cannot be locally derived but must come from greater depth without significant re-equilibration. We have studied mantle hosted dunites in the Bay of Islands Ophiolite (BOIO), expecting that the dunites contain information about the nature of the melts feeding the spreading center (cf. Kelemen et al. 1995). Analysis of the rare clinopyroxene (cpx) grains of the dunites reveals a refractory trace element composition even though the average crustal signature in the BOIO is MORB-like in terms of the rare earth elements (REE). The analysed cpx grains are somewhat enriched with respect to the host harzburgite but dramatically depleted with respect to MORB (Fig. 1). In the context ofreplacive dunite formation the question is whether during the reaction of harzburgite to dunite triggered by a relatively enriched melt (MORB in this case), the refractory trace element nature of the original harzburgite may be partially preserved. A numerical scheme was developed to simulate melt-host reaction triggered by diffusive and advective transport of melt within a porous network. A melt channel carrying reactive melt acts as boundary condition. Exchange between melt and host occurs by diffusion and via solution-precipitation. The reaction proceeds with a finite, but fast reaction rate simulating the nearly grain scale transition observed between harzburgite and dunite. The reaction continues until a saturation concentration of silica is reached. With the chosen reactivity of the melt (1 unit melt converts 2.2 units of harzburgite to dunite) the velocity of the reaction front in an


Drawing on the Indonesian experience in 1997, this paper demonstrates the complexity of managing banking crises deals. It aims at deriving conclusions from this experience for other developing countries facing similar problems. The paper also refers to comparative experiences of other countries, in particular Malaysia and Thailand, examines the IMF programme and reveals its shortcomings. The key question is to what extent the ineffectiveness and slow progress of bank restructuring, corporate restructuring and continued dilemmas in macroeconomic management in Indonesia were due to shortcomings of the economic programme, its sequencing or emphasis, and to what extent it has to be attributed other factors, including corruption and lack of policy-making capacity. Although prudential requirements and regulations, such as lending limits, were introduced to address corporate governance problems, governance of the banking sector was generally weak, and there was little incentive for banks to make appropriate risk assessments in their activities. It is shown that structural weaknesses precipitated and aggravated the crisis. There is clear evidence for mistakes in the initial responses to the crisis by both the Government and the international financial institutions. The most difficult problems facing a country like Indonesia are the political and social constraints to rapid restructuring and reforms to strengthen the financial sector. Indonesia was obliged to implement second generation Washington consensus reforms focusing on corporate governance, bankruptcy procedures, business-government relations, and more restrictive prudential regulation. A clear message of the paper is that a "one-size-fits-all" programme is unlikely to be successful. Policy makers must be able to address linkages between the financial sector and macroeconomic performance, which, if not managed appropriately, can exacerbate macroeconomic cycles. There is also a need to reduce the concentration of bank ownership and to minimize moral hazards through the design of clear exit mechanisms. Moreover, attempts to restructure the banking system can only be successful in the context of an overall recovery of the domestic economy. The main message of the paper is the importance of appropriate speed and sequencing of necessary reforms, taking due account of the institutional, legal and human capacities that are specific to each country. ix The Indonesian Bank Crisis and Restructuring: Lessons and Implications for other Developing Countries


Abstract Farmers in local communities have a considerable amount of information on their genetic resources both at the individual and community level. The farmers' knowledge is interweaved into their daily practices as a reserve accumulated over the generations. The Farmer Field Fora approach (FFF) has been conceptualized in order to activate farmers to identify the existing resources both in the crops they cultivate and in their knowledge, to recognize its value and to start using it more consciously. The FFF approach links the use of existing diversity to the possibility of having new varieties and to improving productivity. In weekly meetings farmers observe changes in the field between varieties, debate on them and draw conclusions. In every session a theme on plant development is debated among farmers with the aid of a facilitator. Close contact with researchers allows involvement with the breeding practices and enables the aims and conduct used in research to be understood. This empowers farmers to participate in a more active way in research, to apply more precise ways of observing and managing their genetic resources, and to link their work to conservation activities at the national and local level. The results of the FFF trial, which was carried out in 10 villages in the region of San in Mali in 2001, show an increased interest among farmers to observe varieties. The appreciation criteria used is multiple including yield, earliness, strong tillers, high number of tillers, and resistance for diseases and Striga. It seems obvious that even though the goal of the approach is on-farm conservation of plant genetic resources, it must be closely linked to farmers' interest. The variation of the results between villages demonstrates variability of climatic condition in this region and a high genotype—environment interaction. Further modifications of the approach are required in order to improve equitable participation of different stakeholders and improve the institutionalization of on-farm conservation.


Weonhee Yun, 2011. Korean Raters' Viability and Reliability on Pronunciation Evaluation Depending on Raters' English Proficiency. Language and Linguistics 51, 71-94. Accuracy judgment of non-native speakers' English pronunciation may vary depending not only on what criteria raters set up in the pronunciation evaluation but also on whether or not raters are native speakers. As non-native raters, raters' English proficiency could be a factor disrupting the consistency of the evaluation. Through Cronbach's alpha and corrected item-total correlations as well as open correlations this study aims to see if there is any difference in consistency and evaluation patterns between three types of raters grouped by English proficiency. The results show the highest proficiency group composed of teachers is more reliable than the other two groups, suggesting a better consistency can be achieved by evaluation training and consistency is not much related to the raters' English proficiency. We also found that the evaluation pattern of the teacher raters is similar to the higher proficiency student raters, suggesting high proficiency raters may share the implicit and intuitive pronunciation norm referred when raters set up their evaluation criteria. This implies that the different proficiency raters may have different pronunciation norms.


Organic fibers are produced without chemical fertilizer, pesticides and genetically modified seeds (GMO). They require more time, labor and cost as they need special care than conventional fibers. Organic fibers alone are not safe, as added finishes can have toxic-effects. Therefore, Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) includes environmental-ecological, social and economic aspects of the production such as: prevention of pollution, contribution to prevention of global warming, decrease of waste and recycling. The economic impacts include the cost value of the organic fiber production and selling. On the social level, the future of the production of organic fibers in the world depends on textile, agriculture and environment-ecology. As people are becoming more conscious about their health and environment by wearing organic textile products, especially cotton, they are willing to spend more to wear these organic textiles. This research paper will look into the organic colored cotton and its future.


In the history of Studies on LuXun,Mao Zedong was the first who explicitly put forward and expounded "Lu Xun's spirit" and generalized the connotation and characteristics of "Lu Xun's spirit".Mao was also the first to expound correctly,profoundly and all-sidedly Lu Xun's glorious achievements,high position and tremendous role in the history of modern Chinese literature,the history of thinking and the revolutionary history.Mao Zedong highly assessed Lu Xun not only as a great man of letters,but a great thinker and a great revolutionary as well.Mao's comments on Lu Xun from the trinity perspectives of "literature","thinking" and "revolution" is very instructive to our understanding and study of Lu Xun.


In this paper,we introduce two kinds of nonmonotone line searches to the MFR and the MPRP conjugate gradient method for solving unconstrained optimization problems.Under mild conditions,we prove that the MFR algorithm and MPRP algorithm with nonmonotone line searches are globally convergent.We also report some numerical results.The results show the methods with nonmonotone line searches perform well.


Change is fundamental to society. Since age the process of change has troubled man. However serious and violent it may reveal, it is really difficult to understand the motivations behind social changes. Colonization and slavery are issues that concern everyone at all times. It therefore becomes more interesting to study them. The social changes in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart and Mulk Raj Anand's Untouchable are recurrent and gripping. Exploring these winds of change historically, religiously, socially, culturally and politically through characters, conflicts and plots of Chinua Achebe and Mulk Raj Anand, this paper examines the various perspectives of change. This paper attempts to find these inequalities, faults in the existing social and political institutions within the post-colonial readings merged as a strong force in the narratives of Chinua Achebe and Mulk Raj Anand. Addressing these serious societal problems which are prerequisites for peace Achebe and Mulk Raj Anand handle different categories namely the relationship between the onset of conflict, crime, theft, damage, violence and conflict environments. They understand that until there are changes made to these basic social structures, social conflicts will not end. Identifying these community problems, this paper reveals critically and systematically the various components of social change and the aspirations and concerns of civil society.


Soil samples,collected from the 25-year long-term fertilizer experiment carried out on the manual loessial soil situated sub-humid farmland ecological system,were used to study the distribution of soil organic matters,total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and ammonium nitrogen in different grades of soil aggregates in order to study the effects of long-term application of organic manures in combination with chemical fertilizers.Result showed that the percentage of mass of the soil macro-aggregates with long-term application of fertilizers,whose sizes are between 5-2 mm,is increased compared with that of the samples with no fertilizer.It is easier to form lager size soil macro-aggregates because of the long-term application of organic manures in combination with chemical fertilizers.As the results show that the contents of organic matters,total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are all higher after those treatments with different combinations of fertilizers,while there is a little effect on the contents of ammonium nitrogen after the same treatments.The contents of organic matters,total nitrogen in the grades of soil macro-aggregates from the plough layers of those treated farmland exhibit significant difference.Moreover,the contents of organic matters and total nitrogen in the soil macro-aggregates with the size of 1-0.25 mm is the highest in all types of treated soil samples.The contents of nitrate nitrogen in soil macro-aggregates increase with the increasing of soil macro-aggregate size except those of soil samples with the application ofchemical fertilizer and lower amount of straw.The results of correlation analysis reveal that there exists a significant positive correlation between the percentage of mass of soil macro-aggregates with the size of 5-2 mm and the contents of organic matters and total nitrogen and the nitrate nitrogen in the soil samples.However,the correlation between the percentage of mass of soil macro-aggregates with the size of 1-0.25 mm and the contents of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is significantly negative.From the study it is also showed that the highest contributing rates of macro-aggregates fractions in soil fertility is from the soil macro-aggregates fraction with the size of 1-0.25 mm in most of the cases.


The paper shows that in 1986-1995 a radiation area polluted with radionuclides at 15 qi/km2 was marked by 4.9-fold (from 3.9 to 19.1%) and 4.3-fold (from 2.2 to 9.4%) increases in infections with seat worms and lamblia, respectively. The infection rates for other helminthic species in 1995 do not greatly differ from those in 1986. In the area polluted with chemicals there was a steady-state decrease in the rates for intestinal parasites.


The VTest (Virtual Test) Program is producing an open environment and a methodology for Virtual Test development of TPSs for mixed-signal PCBs/LRMs. The VTest effort is paving the way for the integration of Design and Test by providing an EDA-based system solution emphasizing Design for Test and the Re-Use of Design information in Test Development. The VTest solution incorporates the CAE/CAD/CAT software tools necessary for virtual test of digital, analog and mixed-signal technology PCBs/LRMs, as well as the tools and methodologies that support the use of automatic test program generation for multiple target testers. This paper discusses the VTest solution architecture and the VTest approach to mixed-signal TPS development.


The utility model discloses a plant gas stove, which belongs to a stove; the utility model aims at providing a gas stove which takes the plant gas as the fuel, has simple structure and low cost, and is secure. The utility model adopts the technology proposal that the utility model comprises a stove body, a gas inlet (9) arranged on the stove body (5) with a barrel-shaped structure, a baffle plate (8) arranged at the lower part of the gas inlet (9) in the stove body (5), a buffering plate (4) which is densely distributed with through holes arranged at the upper part, and a cooking range plate (3) arranged at the upper part of the buffering plate. The utility model has the advantages that the structure is simple, the operation is convenient, the cost is low, the utility model is convenient for being promoted, and is an ideal gas stove which is suitable for being used in the vast rural areas.


In the crystal structure of the title compound, C17H18N2O4S3, molecules are connected into centrosymmetric dimers via weak intermolecular C—H⋯π interactions. These dimers are further connected through a series of weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, while futher C—H⋯π interactions involving the phenyl and thiazoline rings are also observed. The thiazolidine ring is twisted from the benzene rings rings by dihedral angles of 79.1 (1) and 85.0 (1)°, while the dihedral angle between two benzene rings is 76.0 (1)°.


'Jewel' is a new strawberry cultivar (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), adapted to the Northeastern, Great Lakes, and Midwestern regions of the United States. It is a hardy and consistent cropping cultivar with large, attractive, high-quality fruit.


35 Background: Prediction of post-stroke outcome using the degree of subacute deficit or 36 magnetic resonance imaging is well studied in humans. While mice are the most commonly 37 used animals in preclinical stroke research, systematic analysis of outcome predictors is 38 lacking. 39 Methods: Data from 13 studies that included 45 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion on 40 148 mice were pooled. Motor function was measured using a modified protocol for the 41 staircase test of skilled reaching. Phases of subacute and residual deficit were defined. 42 Magnetic resonance images of stroke lesions were co-registered on the Allen Mouse Brain 43 Atlas to characterize stroke topology. Different random forest prediction models that either 44 used motor-functional deficit or imaging parameters were generated for the subacute and 45 residual deficits. 46 Results: We detected both a subacute and residual motor-functional deficit after stroke in 47 mice. Different functional severity grades and recovery trajectories could be observed. In 48 mice with small cortical lesions, lesion volume was the best predictor of the subacute deficit. 49 The residual deficit could be predicted most accurately by the degree of the subacute deficit. 50 When using imaging parameters for the prediction of the residual deficit, including 51 information about the lesion topology increased prediction accuracy. A subset of anatomical 52 regions within the ischemic lesion had particular impact on the prediction of long-term 53 outcome. Prediction accuracy depended on the degree of functional impairment. 54 Conclusions: For the first time, we identified and characterized predictors of post-stroke 55 outcome in a large cohort of mice and found strong concordance with clinical data. These 56 results are discussed in light of study design and imaging limitations. In the future, using 57 outcome prediction can improve the design of preclinical studies and guide intervention 58 decisions. 59 60


A constant power charging system of a lithium battery pack comprises a main controller, a charger and a large battery pack formed by more than one monomer lithium battery connected in series, wherein the large battery pack comprises a plurality of small battery packs and each small battery pack corresponds to a charging unit; the main controller is respectively connected with the charger and each charging unit for communication through a CAN (controller area network) bus; and the anode at the output end of the charger is connected with the anode of the large battery pack, and the cathode at the output end is connected with the cathode of the large battery pack. The constant power charging system uses constant power instead to charge and exerts the charging capacity of the charger to maximum degree, so that the charger can always work in the state of maximum output power, thus not only the charging efficiency can be improved and the charging time can be saved, but also the charging safety can be ensured and the the service life of the battery and the charger can be prolonged.


Propranolol, tamoxifen and two experimental drugs (all basic but of differing pK2 and polarity) were extracted from rodent food by supercritical carbon dioxide–methanol more efficiently than by a more polar, subcritical mixture of carbon dioxide and methanol. Hot, pressurized methanol alone was as efficient as the supercritical fluid. The efficiency of these methods was similar to conventional solvent extraction with acidified methanol, but conventional solvent extraction gave the best precision, as measured by the relative standard deviation.


This lecture (the first one of planned) describes the structure and function of inborn immunity factors, as a component of system of immunobiological surveillance of organism; also this work gives information of mechanisms of detection of foreign antigens with special classes of phagocytic receptors (appearance-recognizing, toll-like, NOD, mannose, lektine, scavenger, receptors of complement system factors, etc.). Authors describe syndromes of insufficiency of immunobiological surveillance system, developing as a consequence of disorders of reception of foreign agents with phagocytes. Key words: inborn immunity, adaptive immunity, appearance-recognizing receptors, pathogen-associated molecules, immunopathological syndromes. ( Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii —  Current Pediatrics. 2009;8(1): 52-58 )


Particle reinforced composite materials can be characterized as having electrical conductive properties due to their fillers' material behavior. The paper aims to present a virtual instrumentation layout (Labview design) to aid electrical resistivity changes measurements for iron reinforced polymeric composite samples subjected to an external stress state. A LabJack U12 acquisition board will aid the implementation of the measurement data acquisition.


The paper presents the scaling-based approach to analysis and prediction of magnetic anisotropy in grain-oriented steels. Results of the anisotropy scaling indicate the existence of two universality classes. The hybrid approach to prediction of magnetic anisotropy, combining the scaling analysis with the ODFs method, is proposed. This approach is examined in prediction of angular dependencies of magnetic induction as well as magnetization curves for the 111-35S5 steel. It is shown that it is possible to predict anisotropy of magnetic properties based on measurements in three arbitrary directions for φ = 0°, 60° and 90°. The relatively small errors between predicted and measured values of magnetic induction are obtained.


Suicide happens frequently in Murakami Haruki's novels.Never the less,those suicides that he depicted are neither caused by lunacy,nor could be interpreted by sociological principles in general.And rather,I would argue that the "suicide" that he meant is a sort of metaphysical suicide which is originated from his existential weltanschauung.In Murakami Haruki's view,this numerous and complicated world itself is nonsense,and even absurd,yet man needs meanings as the reasons to be alive,and those two collide with each other so as to smash the faith that we rely on which is responsible for the suicide.The same as those existentialists,Murakami Haruki did not encourage this sort of suicide,but was just compassionated,comprehended and catholicitied.


Weconducted a telemetrystudyon Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, to estimate the extent, timing, and causes of mortalityamong resident adult white-taileddeer {Odocoileus virginianus). Twenty-sevendeer were captured, radio-collared and monitored for 1 yr to assess seasonalmortality. Annualmortality rates differedconsiderably between sexes, withmales exhibiting a much high- er rate (86.1%)than females (5.3%). The primary causes of death among males were poaching,predation by coyotes, and legal harvest. Legal harvest by a gun-hunter accounted for the only female mortality. No mortalities were attributed to military exercises, whichoccurred frequentlyon the studyarea. Our results suggest that themale segment of thepopulationwouldben- efit from increased enforcement efforts to reduce illegal harvests and that continued liberal harvest of the female segment is advisable to maintain a balanced population sex ratio.


Across Europe anthropogenic emissions have changed substantially over recent decades, due in part to the implementation of air pollution control legislation. It is important to understand the effect that such changes in emissions have on atmospheric aerosols and their impact on air quality and climate.
The composition climate model HadGEM3-UKCA and long term observations of aerosols are used to simulate and evaluate the change in aerosols over the period 1960 to 2009. Simulated sulphate mass, total aerosol mass and aerosol number concentrations from HadGEM3-UKCA were underestimated but temporal trends were in better agreement when compared to observations. The inclusion of aerosols was found to be essential when reproducing the observed brightening trend in surface solar radiation across Europe since 1990. The all-sky aerosol radiative forcing (relative to a 1980-2000 mean) increased by >3 W m-2 during the period 1970-2009 due to reductions in aerosol concentrations.
The sensitivity of sulphate aerosol formation and aerosol radiative effects to an increase in cloud water pH were investigated over the period 1970 to 2009. Sulphate aerosol mass increased over regions with large SO2 emissions but decreased at other locations. A positive response in the all-sky aerosol radiative effect was simulated due to reductions in aerosol number concentrations. Over Europe the aerosol radiative forcing between 1970 and 2009 varied from +1.5 to +7 W m-2 depending on whether an increase or decrease in cloud water pH was assumed. This shows the additional uncertainty that could exist in aerosol radiative effects if temporal changes in such parameters are not considered.
Two emission scenarios have been used to assess the effect of European air quality legislation and technology improvements since the 1970s on particulate air quality, human health and climate. European annual mean PM2.5 concentrations reduced by 35% and are calculated to have prevented 80,000 premature deaths annually across the European Union, a perceived financial benefit to society of US$232 billion. A positive response in the all-sky aerosol radiative effect was simulated, which has increased European annual mean surface temperatures by 0.45 °C. The implementation of legislation and technology improvements has improved air quality and human health across Europe but also had an unintended impact on climate.


In certain high-intensity continuous combustors, such as p re mixed, prevaporized gas turbine combustors, flame stability and pollutant formation are both controlled by finite-rate complex chemistry and turbulent mixing. The coalescence/dispersion or "Monte Carlo'1 stochastic model of zero-dimensional continuous combustion developed by Curl and by Spielman and Levenspiel has been extended to include complex finite-rate chemistry, by means of a new higher-order single-step batch reaction kinetics algorithm. Results are presented for premixed and non-premixed H2-air combustion, which demonstrate the effects of local temperature inhomogeneities on the mean rates of heat- and pollutant-producing reactions.


A of the entrepreneurship and small business literature indicates that little to no research has examined family businesses in Ireland in terms of their structure and composition, the management of the family business, and the training conducted by family businesses. The purpose of this paper is to examine these dynamics through the findings of primary research, thereby providing a profile of family businesses in Ireland. First, the paper aims to examine the demographics of the family business members and to understand the composition and structure of the family business. Second, the paper aims to understand how the family business is managed, and third, how training is carried out within the family business. The research methodology adopted for this study was that of a postal questionnaire. The questionnaire-based survey was applied to a sample of 500 family businesses in Ireland and a total of 121 valid responses were received, which resulted in a valid response rate of 24.2 per cent. The findings of the study identifies that family businesses are a source of employment for family members and typically the owner/manager is heavily involved in the day-to-day operations of the business. The most prevalent form of ownership is that of a husband and wife team. Results indicate that when the family business is small, the * Department of Management and Marketing, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland Article-06.qxp 4/1/2008 10:29 PM Page 135


Cystic vaginal adenosis was diagnosed in a 31-year-old woman. This lesion regressed promptly following the cessation of an oral contraceptive (Ovulen-21) which had been used continuously for 5 years. The temporal relationship between discontinuation of contraceptive treatment and the regression strongly suggests that the medication played a causal role in producing cystic vaginal adenosis. A possible mechanism may have been the stimulation of quiescent glands to growth and cystic dilatation, which finally produced a lesion associated with clinical symptoms.


Cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometric techniques were employed to study the temperature effects on the electrochemical reaction of Fe(CN)63-/4-by self-made thermostatic water bath electrochemical cell.The diffusion coefficient D and the formal heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant k0 were calculated at different temperatures from 25 ℃ to 75 ℃.In the Fe(CN)63-/4-system,the DO values of Fe(CN)63-were directly proportional to temperature,while DR of Fe(CN)64-inversely proportional to temperature.The values of k0 decreased with the increase of temperature due possibly to the electrode passivation resulted from the decomposition of Fe(CN)63-/4-to a Prussian blue like film.Since the core of Cytochrome c is the heme iron porphyrin,the redox of Cytochrome c reflects that of the iron atoms,which is,in certain degrees,similar to the electrochemical reactions of Fe(CN)63-/4-system.Accordingly,the same techniques were used to study the temperature effects on Cytochrome c.The kinetic parameters of Cytochrome c at different temperatures were also calculated and compared with those of Fe(CN)63-/4-system.


Taking into account the increase in the emission of greenhouse gases produced by ships, during navigation and maneuvering in port, a direct consequence of the increase in maritime traffic, the international community has developed a broad set of regulations to limit such emissions. The installation in commercial ports of automatic mooring systems by means of vacuum suction cups, thus considerably reducing the time required to carry out ship mooring and unmooring maneuvers, is a factor that is considerably influencing the decrease in emissions of polluting gases in commercial ports with high traffic. The objective of the present work is to verify the influence of the use of the automatic mooring systems via vacuum suction cups on the emissions of polluting gases produced in the facilities destined to the traffic of container ships. To do this, two different calculation methods were used, Environmental Protection Agency and Environmental and Engineering Consultancy, to then compare the results of the two and thus obtain the reduction in emissions per twenty-foot equivalent unit in these terminals during mooring maneuvers. The paper concludes with a discussion on the values of the reductions in emissions obtained and the advantages of the installation of automatic mooring systems using vacuum suction cups in commercial ports located near population centers.


This paper presents a new method to asymptotical stabilize the one-area Load Frequency Control system via the methods of Port-Hamiltonian system and cascade system. Due to the proposed method, the structural features of Load Frequency Control system have been deeply studied, that is, it can be represented as two cascade system. The asymptotical stability of one cascade system can be assured via the Integral Addition method for its structure is the same as the Port-Hamiltonian system, while the asymptotical stability of other cascade system can be assured by the Lyapunov function. Depending on the asymptotical stabilizations of the two cascade systems, a PID control law based on the views of PH system and cascade system is designed to asymptotical stabilize the Load Frequency Control system. Simulation results is given to show the effect of proposed method.


Author(s): Lempert, David | Abstract: Cliodynamics researchers are now reaching out to social science in a way that opens the door to productive collaboration to advance a predictive, applied and ethical science of social breakdown, social violence and social change. This commentary, from an interdisciplinary social anthropologist working on these questions for some 40 years, reviews the advances in these areas in the social sciences over the past 100+ years, highlights where cliodynamics can learn from these advances to avoid replicating earlier mistakes, and analyzes cliodynamics researchers' current efforts with suggestions for improvement and collaboration to unify and promote this area of study.