China coal mine accidents frequent cause is the matter of insecurity and human unsafe acts,unsafe conditions both objects and human unsafe behavior can be avoided by strengthening the safety management.Safety Management in China at present,there are still many outstanding problems and shortcomings,severely restricted in China coal mine production safety,therefore,from the way,and prevent coal mine accident,to ensure safety in coal mines in China,we must strengthen mine safety management from various.


(1) Isopullulanase [EC. 3. 2. 1. 57 pullulan 4-glucanohydrolase] from Aspergillus niger was highly purified by acetone-precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration. This enzyme hydrolyzed α-1, 4-glucosidic linkages adjacent to α-1, 6-linkages of pullulan to produce only isopanose (6-maltosylglucose). Its substrate specificity was different from those of pullulanase [EC. 3. 2. 1. 41] and isoamylase [EC. 3. 2. 1. 68]. From the results, it was expected that isopullulanase would be used as a suitable enzyme for the structural analysis of α-1, 4-:-1, 6-glucooligosaccharide. (2) Cell free extract of Aureobasidium pullulans synthesized pullulan from UDPG in the presence of ATP. It was suggested that pullulan Would be synthesized through a sugarlipid intermediate. (3) Thermoactinomyces vulgaris α-amylase hydrolyzed α-1, 6-linkages in partial hydrolyzates of pullulan as well as α-1, 4-linkages in starch and pullulan. Pseudomonas stutzeri maltotetraose-forming amylase hydrolyzed starch from non-reducing end to produce α-anomer of maltotetraose, whereas glucoamylase and β-amylase hydrolyze starch from non-reducing end to produce β-anomer. (4) Large scale preparation of isopanose and panose from pullulan was facilitated by the use of special enzymes, isopullulanase and T. vulgaris α-amylase.


Wavelet packet transform can provide multi-scale time-frequency detail for both signal and interference.In order to reject narrowband interference,wavelet packet analysis together with reconstruction are used for denoising study to improve signal performance.It is proved to be effective through a simulation example of denoising in the presence of both discontinuous and continuous narrow band interference.


If asked to sumtmatrize the important characteristics of a universitv , I would emphasize its capacity\ for a-daptation. A _mloment's reflection wili confirm that the university is one of the most, enduring institutions in WRestern civilization. It has suLrvived the oppressions of dictators, dominance by the clergy, and repeated attempts by politicians, both ait local and national levels, to alter its missions tind modify its st andards. Whenever adequate resources have been available and its traditional academic freedom has been guaranteed, regions and nations have reaped the benefits of its manifoldcoperations. The history of W\estern civilization is one of prosperit> when the university has flourished and decline wvhen it has been restrained. Although universities varx considerably in their character, to a crreater or lesser degree aill have a tripartite function: the transmission, the extension, and the application of knowledge. Stated in more simple terms, universities teach, do research, (cd irencler service. "1'he emphasis in this meeting will be concerned with the expanding role of iese rch in thc university-, hut it could as easily have been directed toward expansion in teachingr ex CnsifSlOfl in service. All about, uis are evidences of the tremendous expansion that must take place in the university if manpower educational goals are to be met. One only has to note the intensive planningn that is procee(ling, in individual states (such as in California and New York) to understand the extent of the responsibilities universities face if they are to provide educational opportunities for the nation. Even in a state such as Alabanmal, where the population roxowth is less than the national average, heroic measures must be undertaken to meet these challenges. These measurIeSLIIS Were exemplified recently. by the creation of 14 junior colleges in a time when all of that state's major colleges were undergoing substantial increases in enrollment. An aLuthoritative source reported the 1963 enrollment in United States institutions of higher education at approximately 4,495,000 students. This was expected to rise to 7 950(000 b' 1973. The full-time faLcultV available to meet the 1963 academic need totaled 395,000, with a. projected increase to 641,000 bx197-3.1 No further documentation is necessac>) to est ablish the poi nt that enrollmnent crises a re exerting serious and sustained pressres on the university. The health sciences components aire equally susceptible to these forces. The report of the Surgeon G(eneral's Consultant Group on Medical Education2 in 1959 dramatized the need for ph) sicians, but also made direct reference to the problems of dentistry. The fintlI paragraph in their report is worthy of repetition:


ABSTRACT The academic boycott of Israel, ostensibly targeting Israeli academe, is actually meant to isolate and stigmatise Jewish academics in America. It serves the aim of pushing Jewish academics out of shrinking disciplines, where Jews are believed to be 'over-represented.' That is how diehard supporters of the Palestinians find academic allies who have no professional interest in Palestine, in fields like American studies or English literature.


Korea's housingpolicyhas the characteristics ofa stronger government- leadingrole. The Korean government regards the housing problem of the low- income stratum as a very important problem that should be settled by the government. It has not only made some policies to regulate the housing market but also directly invested and participated in the housing construction, all of which has positive influences over Korea's realization of 100% popularizing rate of house in 2002.


Sterilization is a permanent and trouble-free birth control method. When a vasectomy is performed, the 2 ducts that carry sperm from the testes to the penis are cut and occluded; therefore the man ejaculates semen without sperm during sexual intercourse. Vasectomy is almost 100% effective and is a minor operation conducted in a doctor's office of clinic. Men are usually instructed to sue another birth control method for 2 months following the operation to be sure that the sperm are out of seminal fluid. The female operation is more complicated and involves cutting the woman's fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy. After the operation, her sexual function is not affected and she continues to menstruate and produce female hormones. Things to consider with sterilization are children's death, divorce and custody, and financial situation. You may be a poor candidate for the following reasons: you are under 30 years old, are not in a stable relationship, are experiencing a problem pregnancy, and relying on operation reversal if you change your mind. Doctors can perform tubal occlusion by 2 methods: laparoscopy and minilaparotomy. Laparoscopy is accomplished using a device like a telescope called a laparoscope. Electrocoagulation is the most common method of sterilization, and some doctors use special rings or clips to occlude the tubes. There is 4/1000 chance o pregnancy in women that have tubal occlusion. Tubal occlusion costs between $1500- $2000 where as vasectomies cost between $300-$500. Complications occur in about 1% of women who have tubal occlusions and these are blood clots, infection or injury to the bladder or uterus. Surgical methods for reversing sterilization are improving but the majority of men and women seeking these procedures are not good candidates and many are not successful.


Psychological research on learning has brought forth many insights that are relevant for teachers (for example, knowledge about learning strategies). However, teachers sometimes have intuitive fragmentary knowledge that is partly incorrect. Such knowledge hinders the acquisition of psychological knowledge. Tried-and-tested interventions dealing with fragmentary knowledge remain scarce and thus a generalized categorical framework was developed to support preservice teachers to (re)organize their fragmentary prior knowledge. In the present experiment the framework group (n = 23) received this categorical framework as a pretraining intervention. The control group (n = 22) received similar factual information as a pretraining intervention but no categorical framework. Afterwards, all participants learned about cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies. While achieving approximately equal learning outcomes, the framework group needed less learning time (strong effect) and stated higher interest (medium effect). Overall, this study reveals that providing a categorical framework can help to heighten preservice teachers' interest in the learning material and save learning time.


Ag@poly composites were synthesized by a facile method. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. Different concentrations and the molar ratios of AgNO3 aqueous solution and p-diamino-azobenzene, as well as the solvent, were used in the synthesis. Different morphologies of treelike structure, polygonal sheets, microrods, microtubes, and dendritic nanostructure were obtained. These results indicate that some synthesis parameters, such as concentrations of solutions, mole ratios of raw materials, and solvents, play important roles in the control of morphology.


This paper describes the design, components and operation of PRIBOY-1, a special auxiliary mechanism control system in use aboard several Soviet vessels. The purpose of PRIBOY-1 is to make main power plant auxiliary mechanisms subject to remote monitoring and control. PRIBOY-1 is characterized by a channel-modular principle of design in which one logic module of the system controls a single mechanism or monitors a single parameter.


A new series of hexahydroquinolin-2-yl benzamide derivatives (BZ1-10) were designed and synthesized.
The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, IR and ESI-MS spectra and also subjected
for molecular docking studies with the target DNA gyrase enzyme (PBD ID: 4B6C). The molecular
docking results of synthesized derivatives indicated the best docking score of -5.105 and -5.02 for BZ9
and BZ4, respectively. All the synthesized compounds were screened for antitubercular activity against
H37RV strain, among all, two compounds exhibited significant activity at 12.5 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL
concentrations. Thus, the MIC values are in between range of 12.5 and 6.25 μg/mL concentrations.
The teratogenicity assay of synthesized compounds was performed in zebrafish larvae, out of the ten
compounds, BZ4, BZ6 and BZ8 compounds were found to safer at 0.5 μM concentration without any
abnormalities.


We investigate the lifespan and risk of termination of 790 arm's length agencies in the United Kingdom over the period 1985 2008. We hypothesise that the risk of termination will depend on three groups of factors: factors relating to the rationales for the initial delegation of power to the arm's length agency and the form of delegation; factors relating to the policy position of the government; and factors relating to the economy. We find that agencies which have a regulatory function (particularly an economic regulation function), and those designed to ensure probity of decision-making are less likely to be terminated in any given year. Agencies structured as executive non-departmental public bodies and non-ministerial departments are also longer-lived than others. Agencies operating under right-wing governments and under heavily indebted governments are more likely to be terminated, although left-wing governments are more sensitive to the effects of debt. Under Review please do not quote without permission . Acknowledgments We wish to thank the ESRC Centre for Competition Policy for providing resources for data collection and time for this paper. In particular, we are thankful for the hard work of Antje Kreutzmann. The paper has greatly been improved by comments from Anthony Bertelli and the audiences at a CCP seminar and the PSA annual conference 2012. Contact Details: Stephen Greasley email@example.com Chris Hanretty firstname.lastname@example.com


The utility model discloses an electrostatic Chinese typewriter, which types by xerography method instead of letter typing. The utility model is composed of a chassis, a paper dial, a transfer printing cylinder, an electrostatic typewriter head, etc. Because the structure of the typewriter using letters is complicated, finding letters in letter groups of inverted and reverse fonts is difficult, and the typewriter using letters is characterized in troublesome use and expense price, the typewriter using letters is not easily popularized, the mechanization of Chinese character writing is hardly realized.


This paper is about Widjojo Nitisastro (born in 1927) the chief architect of Suharto's New Order economic development. It traces his intellectual and professional development as an economist-technocrat, particularly during his tenure as cabinet minister (1967-1983). Widjojo was instrumental in decisively reshaping Indonesia's development trajectory from the mid-1960s onward. Under the direction of Widjojo, Indonesia became a model for developing countries in successfully reducing poverty and boosting per capita income. Besides describing Widjojo's important role in developing a sustainable macroeconomic policy, the paper also examines his influence in two key sectoral policy areas: agricultural development and population control. It was Widjojo's conviction that economic growth could only be sustained if the rural masses could contribute to the national economy. Widjojo's role in shaping the celebrated 'rural bias' of early New Order economic policy is often overlooked today, and his reclusive personality has made him something of an enigma in the political economy of Indonesia's development miracle. As a comparison to Widjojo I took Allison Ayida (born in 1930), a well-known Nigerian economist


TOPI UUSITALO: Design and characterization of novel distributed feedback laser structures for difference frequency generation Tampere University of Technology Master of Science thesis, 57 pages January 2015 Master of Science (Tech.) Degree Programme in Science and Engineering Major: Engineering Physics Examiners: Docent Mihail Dumitrescu and Doctor of Science (Tech.) Antti Laakso


In this paper a piezoelectric composite based micromachined ultrasound transducer (PC-MUT) technology is presented for fabrication of PMN-PT single crystal piezoelectric composite transducers. Micromachined PMN-PT single crystal 1-3 composites with resonance frequencies of 15 MHz-75 MHz were fabricated and characterized with coupling coefficient of 0.67-0.79. Transducers with a frequency of 75 MHz were prototyped and characterized.


A structural study of an as-quenched decagonal Al75Fe15Ni10 alloy has been carried out by anomalous x-ray scattering (AXS) as well as ordinary x-ray diffraction. The environmental radial distribution functions (RDFs) for Fe and Ni determined by the AXS measurements turned out to resemble each other and to be similar to the ordinary RDF obtained by ordinary x-ray diffraction. These results clearly show that the Ni and Fe atoms are homogeneously distributed and occupy the same sites in the decagonal structure of Al75Fe15Ni10.


Highly anisotropic thermal conductive materials are of great values in thermal management applications. However, accurate determination of ultrathin composite thermal properties is a daunting task, due to the tiny thermal conductance, severely hindering the further exploration of novel efficient thermal management materials, especially for size-confined environments. In this work, by utilizing a hybrid measuring method, we demonstrate an accurate determination of thermal properties for montmorillonite/reduced graphene oxide (MMT/rGO) composite film with thickness range of 0.2 to 2 μm. The in-plane thermal conductivity measurement is realized by one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction approach while the cross-plane one is achieved via a modified 3ω method. As-measured thermal conductivity results are cross-checked with different methods and known materials, revealing the high measurement accuracy. A high anisotropic ratio of 60.5, independent of composite thickness, is observed in our measurements, further ensuring the negligible measurement error. Notably, our work develops an effective approach for ultrathin composite thermal conductivity determination, which may promote the evolution of ultrathin composites for potential thermal-related applications.


Abstract The Ugandan literary canon is comparable to other regional postcolonial fiction in its obsession with verisimilitude in the representation of nationalist themes, as prominently reflected in the works of eminent Ugandan writers such as Okot p'Bitek, Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi, and Moses Isegawa. These authors' seemingly neat and stable critique of Ugandan society through realistic modes of representation has recently been disrupted by works of contemporary writers who experiment with new forms and themes in their writing. While gender and sexuality have been foregrounded in contemporary Ugandan writing, some authors, such as Innocent Immaculate Achan, Lillian Aujo Akampurira, and Dilman Dila, have tried out sci-fi motifs in their works. In this article, I explore how three of Dila's short stories—"A Wife and a Slave", "Two Weddings for Amoit", and "The Taking of Oleng"—use sci-fi tropes with implicit queer tangents to provide insights into post-Armageddon Ugandan fictional futures. I argue that Ugandan sci-fi texts that feature post-Armageddon settings deploy queerness to interrogate how marginal subjects, who are often depicted as metaphors for the redemptive futurity of their societies, use queerness to articulate the trauma of their exclusion from the social collective.


This article presents the modern tendencies of foreign investment. Also, this article shows the investment dynamics by inflow and outflow of investments, their yield of groups of countries.


This is the author's full study on Post Conflict Justice in Asia, commissioned by Professor M. Cherif Bassiouni. The assignment was to conduct a study under the topic of 'Post-Conflict Justice', focusing on the situation in Asia. It was part of a wider study into Post Conflict Justice around the world ('Fighting Impunity and Promoting International Justice'), and similar studies were also commissioned from experts on Latin America, Africa, Europe and the Arab world. All of this was under the auspices of the European Commission funded project on 'Fighting Impunity and Promoting International Justice'. The 238 page study on Post Conflict Justice in Asia focused on 12 countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, East Timor (Timor Leste), India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, The Philippines and South Korea. The Introduction in Part I contained a brief overview of the post-conflict situation in Asia. Part II addressed each of twelve countries individually. Part III provided observations, analyses, and lessons learned. Part IV was a postscript, containing recommendations that emerged from intensive discussions with 40 carefully selected experts, who were invited to a conference in Bangkok at the end of April 2009 to discuss the study of Post Conflict Justice in Asia.


The synthesis of 1,2,3-trisubstituted cyclopenta[b]thiophenes was achieved through a Bronsted acid mediated domino process under solvent-free conditions. In this one-pot process, benzothienylation of 1,3-dicarbonyls follows an intramolecular aldol-type reaction leading to the generation of functionalized and highly substituted annulated benzothiophenes. This class of compounds find potential applications in molecular electronics and exhibit significant biological activities. A brief theoretical investigation established a significant relationship between the energy of the regioisomers and their distribution.


Recognising human activity can be advantageous in a number of different scenarios including elder care, healthcare or for training purposes. It can be of direct use to support humans in doing different activities, but is still a challenge for systems to correctly classify the activity in a way that is valuable for the user, as they often times lack the robustness or simplicity for day-to-day use. In this paper an approach for human activity recognition based on object interactions is presented. The proposed system consists of a wireless sensor network, with each sensor node measuring the received signal strength indication (RSSI) to its neighbouring nodes. The accumulated RSSI data is then analyzed by a machine learning algorithm which tries to infer one of several cooked dishes from that data. Experimental studies demonstrate promising results and therefore potential for this technology for recognising human activity in the form of cooking, but its generalised approach makes it suitable for other environments, too.


We obtain explicit predictions for velocity selection in two- and three-dimensional, symmetric, and one-sided models of dendritic solidification. We do this by using WKB techniques to derive a solvability condition, which is then solved numerically, for the existence of steady-state needle crystals. The comparison with available numerical results is reasonably good. We also discuss the comparison with experiments.


The paper presents a scheme for reducing memory space of a holographic associative memory for content based learning, searching and retrieval of sparse patterns. Holographic associative memory developed on the properties of complex valued Riemann space is one of the most promising models of associative memory. It has demonstrated 10 to 100 times speedup than most other models of associative memories in learning pattern associations with nearly arbitrary level of complexity. The correlation space of the sparse patterns, is also sparse in information, but representationally dense. Therefore, holograph of sparse patterns (such as images) becomes extremely large. In this paper we describe a holographic memory model which projects the sparse holograph on a reduced memory space along all three of its dimensions by unsupervised learning of the stimulus and response patterns. The resulting holographic model also simultaneously increases the encoding, searching and decoding speed.


Polyethylene blends (LLDPE :HDPE 2 :1 by wt) used in NASA's balloon film applications can be effectively reinforced by addition of a small amount of liquid crystalline polymer (LCP). Cast and blown PE films containing 10% LCP show an appreciable enhancement in tensile modulus 400% over that of the neat PE matrix. Anisotropy in these in-situ composites was reduced by controlling LCP molecular orientation via a counter-rotating (C/R) annular die. LCP/PE blend blown films with nearly isotropic properties are obtained. Based on microscopy studies, LCP domains were generally present as fibrils with diameters of 1 to 3 μM and lengths of 100 to 300 μM. Films, produced using a C/R die, had fibrillated LCP phases and variable orientation through the film thickness. This paper describes the influence of some key process variables including temperature profile, number of extrusion cycles, degree of mixing, adapter geometry, and die counter-rotation on LCP/PE blend film morphology and mechanical properties. The structure of LCP/PE blend blown films was also evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) techniques.


This paper introduces the technical characteristics of Mobile Agent, its general operation mode and the technology adopted to realized it, namely realizing its model by using JAVA technology. The Mobile Agent technology applied in network information system is discussed in detail: applications in the textile information service platform is represented. The system can be divided into several independent intelligent entity Agents, the basic functional cells of the system are encapsulated by the frame of Agent. These Agents have the characters of better autonomy, activity and cooperativity. Considering the working features of this kind of systems, the Mobile Agent technology is adopted to keep the load balance for the group of web servers, which ensures the resource sharing rationally for the group of application servers, and some models of Agent information flow in some key parts of the system have been constructed, thus the main working mode of the system is confirmed. This mechanism can have the Agent adjust its next action independently according to the status of the environment and itself, which ensures the limited resources of the system to be made use of rationally.


Contrary to the common assumption that ancient Egypt was a gift of the Nile, evidence shows that chronology, regional specificities, and social diversity produced different types of agriculture in the Nile valley. While administrative sources mainly concern the agricultural activities carried out by large institutions (temples and the royal palace) and based on very distinct techniques, production, and organization of the workforce, these specificities coexisted with a form of domestic agriculture that was characterized by horticulture, intensive labor, and little animal traction. The idea that the peasantry was uniform needs to be reconsidered in light of the stratification of rural society and the strategies developed by large institutions, which sought to deepen social differences and strengthen the authority of local potentates.


The editors of this issue of Language Arts invited contributions showing how educators are defending our profession, standing up for our students, effecting change, and advocating for improved literacy teaching and learning. They asked how we are creating networks for collaborative inquiry and other pathways to nourish and sustain our professional lives. These matters weigh heavily upon my mind because never in my 39 years of education has there been an era of such extensive (and often contradictory) external mandates regarding what we are supposed to do in our classrooms. I propose that rather than resign ourselves to a stance of acquiescence to these external mandates-put into place by federal, state, and district leaders-we think instead about teaching from an activist stance and take up the work of defending high-quality public education as resistance work. In this column, I provide a short primer on activism and a rationale for integrating activism into the work of teaching. I then provide examples of the kinds of activism teachers in the United States are taking up both inside and outside their classrooms. The review is written as an invitation to teacher activism and for adding "activist" to one's repertoire for teaching.Why Activism?Well-planned activism-in any arena-always begins with an articulation of the problem and a concomitant analysis of how the situation developed. The current teaching conditions in public schools in the United States resemble those of other countries where systems of audit and accountability surpass systems for learning and responsibility. In the United States, the rationale for the top-down mandates so pervasive in today's schools began with A Nation At Risk (1983), were enacted strongly with the passage of No Child Left Behind (NCLB, 2002), and then increased in pressure with Race to the Top (2009). What has been created is a strong audit and surveillance culture, relying upon systems for collecting specific data on students, teachers, and schools (Lipman, 2010). This culture frequently involves practices that create active damage to students, teachers, and entire communities. For example, countless children walk into classrooms daily and are greeted by data walls where they see themselves and their peers ranked and sorted. As Jimerson and Reames (2015) concluded, this approach, called student- involved data use, "continues to flourish in the world of practice-with or without a rigorous evidence base" (p. 301).Another widespread data sorting practice is the generation of Teacher Data Reports, where teachers are ranked, sometimes publicly, by their Value Added Scores, using formulas that the American Statistical Association (ASA) has deemed unreliable and invalid (ASA, 2014). Yet the data-based practice that is potentially most insidious of all can be found in low-income areas across the country where test scores have been used, in part, to close community schools that are important neighborhood resources. Moving to a new school is not always better for students; see, for example, the case of Chicago school closings where a study found the majority of students did not enroll in higher performing schools (de la Torre, Gordon, Moore, & Cowhy, 2015). These sorting practices have gained traction due to the narrowly focused goal of raising high-stakes standardized testing scores. In this way, the word "achievement"-meaning the level a child achieves on a standardized test-has replaced "learning"-meaning what knowledge, skills, and values children develop and how they do so-and has greatly narrowed the curriculum in many places (Au, 2007; Nichols & Berliner, 2007).Despite these practices, educators across many contexts are determined to structure classrooms and schools to nurture children and youth as whole beings whose achievements can never be fully understood using only test-centric measures. This perspective of schooling situates education within sociocultural-historical communities and requires teachers to be embedded in, and of service to, the communities in which we teach. …


Objecive To provide econimical basis for correct evaluation of the benefit arised from the operation for eradication of poliomyelitis caned out in Hainan province after a great deal of manpower, fund and material resources were spent. Methods Cost - effectiveness analysis method is adopted and used for calculating the cost - effectiveness in treatment of polio cases, including hospitalization expenses, cost of outpatient service and recovered treatment, cost of accompanying persons, funeral expenses for dead children, living allowances given by families and society, economic value and social benefit, the polio cases should produce and the fund invested in polio eradication work. Results There no polio cases have occurred in Hainan Province for a succession of 7 years since of conduction of activities in eradication of poliomyelitis. The total produced value and reduced loss from the work of polio eradication, amounted to RMB 169. 351 million yuan. The ratio of cost to benefit is 1:10.78. At the time when the goal of eradication of poliomyelitis is realized worldwide the work of OPV vaccinatin would be stopped, a benefits produced and saved in this province would reach RMB26. 436 million yuan, to be a great and eternal benefit. Conclusion The successful experience of eradicating polio should be spread and applied in the control of other vaccine - associated diseases.


Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed medications in community-dwelling and institutionalized adults. Although antibiotics are undoubtedly beneficial in many clinical situations, their use is associated with an underappreciated risk of adverse drug reactions and acquisition of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and subsequent infections caused by Clostridium difficile. Much of the misuse of antibiotics in older adults stems from the treatment of suspected urinary tract infection (UTI). More than half of the antibiotics initiated for a UTI indication are unnecessary or inappropriate. Although there has been considerable focus on the need to improve the diagnosis and treatment of UTI in older adults, overdiagnosis of UTI remains a pervasive problem in this population. A commentary in this issue of the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society adds to the growing number of articles targeting overdiagnosis and overtreatment of UTI in older adults. There is much to agree with in this far-ranging commentary, but we believe some of the solutions proposed may be missing the mark. We address the various arguments and solutions advanced in the commentary and offer several alternative solutions for this challenging clinical problem.


Risk assessments of pesticides detected in six major rivers during peak season were estimated for algae, Daphnia, and fish using hazard quotient (HQ) indexes. The eight pesticides (isoprothiolane, hexaconazole, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, prothiofos, alachlor, butachlor, molinate) were detected within the range of 0.027~12.871 . Detection frequency of isoprothiolate was estimated to be high at 67.5%, and those of the others varied from 15.0 to 37.5%, Hazard Quotients (HQ) indexes varied by freshwater organisms (algae, Daphnia, and fish). Overall, the ecological risk probability due to exposure of pesticides detected in major rivers did not reveal based on HQ indexes below 1.0. Particularly, butachlor and molinate for algae, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, prothiofos for Daphnia, and chlorpyrifos for fish acted as dominant contributors in increasing the ecological risk in six major rivers. This implied that integrated ecological risk assessment is required using various biological species, reflecting toxicity sensitivity. This study may provide the essential data in establishing the priority for pesticides management in major rivers, Korea.


Background: Antibiotic resistance due to irrational use of antibiotics is on an alarming level and self-medication is a key factor behind this. Self-medication refers to the use of medicines to treat self-diagnosed disease. Parent's knowledge and behavior is an important factor to reduce practice of self-medication. This study aims to evaluate prevalence of parental self-medication with antibiotics and knowledge, attitude and practices toward antibiotics use. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive statistical analysis was performed which targeted parents of children between ages 1-14 by self-administered questionnaire. Results: Responses showed that 81.9% of participants had knowledge about antibiotics and among this percentage 21.8% did not visit physician and self-medicated their child in case of disease. Of those who had visited physician in case of disease, 50.8% refilled last prescription in case of recurrence of disease. Study showed there is a significant relationship between parent's education and physician visit. Only 15.2% of participants had good knowledge about antibiotics resistance. Practical Implication: Adults in Pakistan have been documented as engaging in antibiotic self-medication. However, there is scant data on parents who medicate their kids at home. To the best of our knowledge, however, there has been no research done on the prevalence of self-medication among the people of Punjab. Conclusion: Parent's awareness and health education are the main contributing factors in proper use of antibiotics and should be considered by health policy makers. Antibiotics stewardship programs must be tailored in favor of parent's awareness about antibiotics use. Keywords: Self-medication, Antibiotics, Parents education, Children, Pakistan


The literature gives abundant evidence of the efficacy of live maggots, and maggot active principle in combination, for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. Probably the latest report is of the work done by Livingston' in a comparative series of 1,020 cases. He treated 41 5 cases with living maggots, and 60 5 cases with the maggot extract alone. The living maggots were used only in large copiously discharging suppurative wounds due to the difficulty of introducing a fluid into such a wound. After exudate decreased, the maggot active principle was substituted for the living maggots, used either as a drip or as a wet pack. Following debridement, or a radical sequestrectomy, the wounds quickly filled with pink healthy granulation tissue from the depths of the medullary cavity, completely filling the cavities to the level of the skin. Epithelization completed the process without a depressed scar. In Livingston's cases healing took place in six to twenty weeks. There is wider applicability of the extract, than of the living maggots, and the psychic trauma occasioned by the use of living maggots is eliminated.


Games are useful tools for introducing new concepts to students. This paper describes a competitive two-player game for sophomore students in a modern physics survey course or junior/senior students in an introductory quantum mechanics course to build intuition and quantitative understanding of the probabilistic nature of quantum measurements in two-level systems such as qubits or the Stern-Gerlach experiment. The goal of the game is to guess a quantum state secretly chosen from a given set in the fewest number of measurements. It uses twenty-sided dice or other classical random number generators to simulate quantum measurements. The Bloch vector formalism is introduced to give a geometric description of the quantum states and measurement outcomes. Several ready-to-use sets of quantum states are given, so readers can jump right in and try the game themselves without any prior knowledge of quantum mechanics. More advanced students can also use the game in suggested follow-up exercises to deepen students' understanding of quantum measurements and their statistical description.


This volume contains the papers presented at SADPI, the International Workshop on Semantically Aware Document Processing and Indexing, which was held at LIRMM, Montpellier, France from May 21-23, 2007. This workshop was the first in a planned annual series of international academic conferences devoted to techniques and applications emerging within two complementary areas of research. One area is concerned with the development of methods for fine-grain, semantically rich indexing of multimedia data. The other area is concerned with new approaches to describing and using multiple classes of document structures in analyzing and producing documents. The combination of these two research areas has led to a host of new problems and ideas in the field of digital documents, and it is these new problems and their solutions that SADPI seeks to cover.

The notion of multimedia data indexation is, of course, not a new one, and a number of techniques for information detection, extraction and retrieval have been around for some time. What is, however, novel and exciting is the utilization of intelligence in new data indexing techniques. The application of results from the area of knowledge representation has made it possible to develop new and extremely effective methods for fine-grain, semantically rich indexing of multimedia data. These new methods encompass such techniques as the construction and use of ontologies, the use of inference rules for representing implicit knowledge, the utilization of conceptual graphs and semantic web languages for producing semantic annotations. Several of these approaches are discussed in detail within papers appearing in these proceedings. It is precisely such semantically rich indexing of multimedia data which permits -- and provides a catalyst for -- the use of a wide range of document structure classes in document production and analysis.

Equally, the notion of multi-structured documents is not novel in and of itself. From the inception of the notion of structured documents it was recognized that a document would typically display such separate, orthogonal structures as, for example, logical structure, layout structure, and temporal structure, and that furthermore the same logical structure could be associated with quite different layout or temporal structures, leading to different target documents. The classes of structure with which researchers are now concerned extends this list to include structures such as argument structure, rhetorical structure, narrative structure, and document genre; these proceedings contain several papers dealing with both the problems of document synthesis and document analysis in the presence of such powerful descriptive structures.

As these papers illustrate, it is naive to consider these "new" structures as simply extending the list of document structuring possibilities; the techniques required for and the applications arising from such document structures differ considerably in their scope from the more traditional document structures. In particular, as several of the papers herein discuss, it is generally not possible to rely upon strictly grammatical descriptions in, say, an XML based language, to specify such structures. This extended view of document structure permits a broader view of document synthesis and transformation in which a broad range of specific goals is to be met, and goes well beyond a simple reordering or re-assembling of existing document elements. One needs the ability to specify, to capture and to represent the intention of the resulting communication, and to incorporate this intention in the document production process. Furthermore, appropriate re-use of elements from one document in a second document requires a precise characterization of the structural contexts in which these elements are used in the two documents. It is for these reasons that such structures have come to be known as semantic structures, although this nomenclature does not fully capture what is involved.

The twelve papers contained in these proceedings provide good coverage of the spectrum of work described in the preceding paragraphs. There is work reported on both document indexing and document production and analysis. In addition to the contributed papers, the SADPI program was enhanced by an excellent and thought-provoking keynote address from an unquestioned leader in the field, Bruno Bachimont, of the Universite Technologique de Compiegne and l'Institut National de l'Audiovisuel, Paris, as well as by a lively discussion session.


The paper investigates the efficiency of using the intelligent materials in the patient room of the health care buildings, as they have a role in the infection control and the various aspects of healing the patients. The purpose of the paper is to focus on these new materials to be used as sustainable materials in the healthcare buildings. Two main concepts concerning the intelligent materials are discussed, the first one figures the intelligent materials nowadays, and how they act as sustainable materials while the second one represents the opinion of how these materials can be used in the patient room with efficiency to be a part of the healing process of the patients.


Increasing importance of innovative development has resulted in the need for more in-depth study of its nature, content and forms of interaction between the participants of this process, find ways to improve its effectiveness. It becomes obvious that the formation of the country on the path of high-quality development is impossible without a systematic and well-calibrated state support of innovation activity of enterprises. With the development of the domestic economy enterprise is faced with a vast array of problems to solve on their own that it can not. That is why you need a balanced and effective innovation infrastructure aimed at supporting, encouraging and developing entrepreneurship. Innovative firms are actively conducting research and development, making a significant contribution to the process of innovation, technological renewal of production. Orientation government policy to improve the status of science and education, encouraging companies involved in knowledge-intensive production, export promotion of high-tech products, will create the foundations of a fundamentally new model of economic growth for Russia. Enhancing the development dimension of innovation activity of enterprises in the short to medium term posluzhitbazisom for laying the foundation of an efficient economy. The article analyzed the micro-level innovation system, the basic ways of organizing innovation activities of enterprises, analyzed the organizational structure of the organizations associated with the development and implementation of innovations, the main problems faced by the enterprises of this sector, due to the need for state support of innovative activity at the micro level, by creating market-oriented innovation infrastructure, determined the nature, objectives and components of the innovation infrastructure, considered aspects needed to build an effective infrastructure.


Glioma‐initiating cells (GICs), a major source of glioblastoma recurrence, are characterized by the expression of neural stem cell markers and the ability to grow by forming nonadherent spheres under serum‐free conditions. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the transforming growth factor‐β family, induce differentiation of GICs and suppress their tumorigenicity. However, the mechanisms underlying the BMP‐induced loss of GIC stemness have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) induced by BMPs decreases the CD133‐positive GIC population and inhibits tumorigenic activity of GICs in vivo. Of the two splice isoforms of PRRX1, the longer isoform, pmx‐1b, but not the shorter isoform, pmx‐1a, induces GIC differentiation. Upon BMP stimulation, pmx‐1b interacts with the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A and induces promoter methylation of the PROM1 gene encoding CD133. Silencing DNMT3A maintains PROM1 expression and increases the CD133‐positive GIC population. Thus, pmx‐1b promotes loss of stem cell‐like properties of GICs through region‐specific epigenetic regulation of CD133 expression by recruiting DNMT3A, which is associated with decreased tumorigenicity of GICs.


In this work, we solve completely the starting and stopping problem when the dynamics of the system are a general adapted stochastic process. We use backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) and Snell envelopes. Finally, we give some numerical results.


The reaction rates of the key stellar reaction of $^{14}$O($\alpha$,p)$^{17}$F have been reexamined. The previous conclusion, the 6.15-MeV state ($J^{\pi}$=1$^-$) dominating this reaction rate, has been overthrown by a careful reanalysis of the previous experimental data [J. G\'{o}mez del Campo {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 86}, 43 (2001)]. According to the present $R$-matrix analysis, the previous 1$^-$ assignment for the 6.15-MeV state is definitely wrong. Most probably, the 6.286-MeV state is the 1$^-$ state and the 6.15-MeV state is a 3$^-$ one, and hence the resonance at $E_x$=6.286 MeV ($J^{\pi}$=1$^-$) dominates the reaction rates in the temperature region of astrophysical interests. The newly calculated reaction rates for the $^{14}$O($\alpha$,p)$^{17}$F reaction are quite different from the previous ones, for instance, it's only about 1/6 of the previous value around 0.4 GK, while it's about 2.4 times larger than the previous value around 2 GK. The astrophysical implications have been discussed based on the present conclusions.


This chapter contains sections titled: Preparing for Bikeways, Creating Discriminatory Laws, Creating the Bikeway Standards, Governmental Policy Regarding Cycling, Governmental Scientific Policy Regarding Bikeways, Safety Comparison of Bikeways and Roadways, Convenience Comparison of Bikeways and Roadways, Importance of Speed in Cycling Transportation, Relative Levels of Skill Required, Engineering and Scientific Summary of Bikeway Controversy, The Appeal of Bikeways


The aim of this study was to determine the association between
lactotransferrin (LTF) gene polymorphism and dental caries.
There were no statistical significant differences between
caries levels and allele or genotype distributions in the total
cohort. Lactotransferrin 140A/G (exon 2, Lys/Arg) polymorphism
was not associated with susceptibility to and severity of
dental caries in the Czech population.


Objective:To investigate the etiologic factors,diagnosis-therapy and prophylaxis for uterine rupture after a previous cesarean section.Methods: Retrospectively analyzed all cases with such a diagnosis in our hospital from July 1993 to July 2006.Results:14 cases had scarred uterine rupture(0.613‰),while 85.71% had no prenatal visit and 50% were silent ruptures.There were 10 previous lower segment and 4 corpus cesarean sections,6 complete and 8 incomplete ruptures.11cases were performed uterus repair plus bilateral tubal ligation.Subtotal and total hysterectomy was done for 2 cases respectively.Conclusion: Scar rupture after a previous cesarean section is related to many factors including prior indication and mode.Silent rupture should be caution and diagnosis-therapy should be made early.Measures that to constrict the indication and to improve the quality of cesarean section,to strengthen perinatal care and to increase the in-hospital delivery rate will decrease the prevalence.


The ability to accurately measure the placement of features within a level is becoming increasingly critical in integrated circuit fabrication. In this article the level to be measured is patterned on a transparent wafer in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) resist to which a blue absorbing dye has been added. The dyed resist is on top of a thin partially transparent aluminum layer and is highly visible when viewed in reflected blue light in an oil immersion microscope. It is placed over a diffraction grating, which is not visible, both because the aluminum layer reflects most of the light and because the grating is far out of focus. In transmitted red laser light the grating can be seen, since various techniques may be used to increase the depth of focus of gratings in collimated monochromatic light. However, the resist pattern is not seen, because the resist is transparent to red light and the immersion oil matches its index of refraction. Measuring the separation between features reduces to measuring thei...


A series of high molecular weight poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)s with low polydispersity (Mn = 7.0 × 104 to 10.2× 104 g mol–1, PDI = 1.23–1.35) having different isotacticity [meso diad (m) = 47–88%]] was successfully synthesized using the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization method in the presence of different concentrations of Y(OTf)3 Lewis acid. Measurement of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of this high molecular weight isotactic PNIPAM series and the low molecular weight PNIPAM series (Mn = 3.5 × 104 to 4.0 × 104 g mol–1, PDI = 1.2–1.3) having different isotacticity [meso diad (m) = 45–72%)] reported earlier by us (Ray et al. Polym. J. 2005, 37, 234) showed that Tg of PNIPAM decreases with increase in its meso diad content (m %) and decrease in its molecular weight.


The paper is dedicated to certain aspects of the treatise De administrando
 imperio, composed at the court of Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus in
 948-952. It first examines the diplomatic basis of the information collected
 in the treatise, then the management of the information available from other
 sources and some common information found in it and in other contemporary
 works such as Theophanes Continuatus, Vita Basilii and De thematibus. It
 closes with a conclusion about the authorship of the treatise and its place
 in the context of the historiographical activity at the court of Constantine
 VII Porphyrogenitus in the mid-10th century.


This invention is a method of separating induced microseis micity signals from seismic signals acquired within active seismic monitoring operations carried out in underground Zones under development which has application for monitor ing of underground hydrocarbon or fluid storage reservoirs. Seismic records are formed from signals emitted by one or more seismic sources controlled by orthogonal signals. In this case, the signals are processed to separate the respective contributions of the at least one seismic source to the signals received and to reconstruct the seismograms equivalent to those that would be obtained by actuating the at least one seismic source separately. The induced microseismicity sig nals (passive seismic signals) are separated from the seismic signals coming from Sources (active seismic signals) essen tially by isolating the contribution thereof by comparison with a spectral reference model at the fundamental frequen cies emitted and at the respective harmonics thereof, and by reconstructing in the time domain the induced microseismic ity signals and the signals coming from the at least one seis mic source.


Drug product labels are important vehicles for conveying the scientific information needed for the safe and effective use of a medicinal product. Increasingly, pharmacogenomic (PGx) information is being incorporated into US Food and Drug Administration‐approved product labels. In the majority of cases, the PGx information in labeling is derived from studies in adults. Observed genotype‐phenotype relationships in adults may not always be reflective of those in certain pediatric age groups because of the influence of ontogeny. The quantitative data necessary for modeling certain genomic markers in pediatrics is still lacking, and further research focused on generating this is needed. In addition, drug safety research focused on understanding the potential contributions of ontogeny, PGx and other underlying mechanisms to differences in adverse drug reactions between pediatrics and adults is warranted.


This article examines the issues of interethnic and interreligious dialogue, Islamic teaching and the concept of tolerance in the history of Uzbekistan, formed and analyzed on the basis of reliable sources and information. Religious doctrines expressed in the works of lawyers who lived on the territory of Uzbekistan in the Middle ages, their role in society and religious values are revealed. The article also reflects the legislation in force in the Republic of Uzbekistan on education, religious tolerance, freedom of conscience and religion, its compliance with international standards and international initiatives of the state in this sphere.


PURPOSE: A mechanical module clock equipped with functional module provides a mechanical module unit which saves manufacturing costs, guarantees accuracy of operation parameters by attempted and tested controls, and is able to be assembled without the need for manufacturer's existence. CONSTITUTION: A functional module (1) is a functional clock module which can be integrated within a mechanical module unit (100). The module is formed from a subassembly unit (1A) including a bridge of rigidity (2) having components necessary to perform a certain clock function changing motion between at least one input wheel set (3) and at least one output wheel set (4), The subassembly unit is self-regulating, includes every component necessary to perform the certain clock function, and thus a input wheel set is driven by a means outside of the module. In addition, the subassembly unit comprises a control and/or assembly component (9) irreversibly fixed after the control and function of the certain clock function is checked on a test bench of each subassembly unit, and the module is pre-controlled module caused from changes of the subassembly unit by irreversible fixation of the control and/or assembly component, and a first support surface and position decision means (6) for identifying arranging modules against other element or plate of the mechanical module unit (100) is included.


Numerous cellular stresses activate p53, which results in stopping the cell cycle to allow for repair or induction of apoptosis if the stress is too overwhelming for the cell. Among the stresses that can activate p53 is the fluorescent dye Hoescht 33342, which is currently widely used to identify putative cancer stem cells (CSCs). The stem cell hypothesis maintains that a small population of stem cells is responsible for tumor growth. Hoescht 33342 is effluxed from the stem cells (thereby forming a "side population" in flow cytometry assays) while the majority of the population is unable to efflux the dye. Implanting the two populations has shown that fewer side population cells are required to give rise to tumors than non-side population (non-SP) cells-but clearly, the dye is affecting the non SP cells. Further confounding the equation is that p53 is inactivated in many tumors, thereby possibly skewing the populations in many tumor populations. Given the toxicity of Hoescht, it is desirable to be able to enrich CSC populations in vivo using non-toxic methods that will not kill cells that retain the dyes. In the current issue of Cancer Biology & Therapy, Allen and colleagues explore the use of Calcein AM to identify dye-effluxing putative cancer stem cell populations. The cover of this month's issue shows cells stained with Calcein AM (green), D-luciferin (blue), and Mitotracker Red FM (red). Putative cancer stems cells are able to efflux both Calcein AM and D-luciferin and therefore stain only red. To learn more about using Calcein AM for identifying and following cancer stem cells, see the paper by Allen and colleagues.


The capacity of magmatic components such as dissolved or precipitated ferrous and ferric iron compounds and water to control the oxygen fugacity of magmas is treated from a theoretical standpoint. Stoichiometric calculations indicate that in relatively anhydrous magmas, such as those of the Skaergaard j complex, the oxygen fugacity is determined by the reaction of ferrous and ferric iron if these are abundant relative to the quantity of dissolved water. However if the quantity of water is high relative to iron, as in the calc-alkali batholiths, the oxygen fugacity is likelyto be determined by the dissolved water of a given H, D/H2 ratio and by the tendency of H 20 to react with the Si-O-Si bridges of the si_cate melt.


mmHg, heart rate of 100 beats/min, distended abdomen with dif-fuse pain , loose stools with mucus, no palpable hepat-osplenomegaly. The patient was anuric in the last 12 hours. les enfants de de ans.


Results are presented on the spatial distribution of droplet mean size and number density obtained from a hollow-cone kerosene spray, introduced into nonswirling and swirling flow fields. An ensemble light scattering technique, based on measurement of the polarization ratio, has been employed to determine local droplet characteristics in both dense and dilute regions of the spray. The measurements are complemented with Lorenz-Mie calculations of the scattering characteristics for a polydispersion of droplets; the calculations were carried out for different mean sizes and refractive indices. The results reveal that the degree of swirl imparted to the surrounding air flow has a strong influence on spray structure. For all conditions examined the droplet mean size is found lo be larger on the spray boundary than towards the centerline. Droplet mean size is also found to increase with axial distance at all radial positions of the spray; this trend is attributed to the vaporization of smaller droplets and/or p...


Natural language generation, a part of artificial intelligence, studies the development of systems that produce text for different applications, for example the textual description of massive datasets or the automation of routine text redaction. Text generation projects consist of multiple steps : determining the content to be expressed, organising it in logical structures such as sentences and paragraphs, and producing human-readable character strings, a step usually called realisation, which this thesis takes on. The web is constantly growing and its contents, getting progressively more dynamic, are well-suited to automation by a realiser. However, existing realisers are not designed with the web in mind and their operation requires much knowledge, complicating their use. This master's thesis presents JSreal, a realiser designed specifically for the web and easy to learn and use. JSreal allows its user to build a variety of French expressions and sentences, to add HTML tags to them and to easily integrate them into web pages.


Key objectives of the Society  To develop and promote professional and public education regarding EBHC  To develop, promote, and coordinate international programs through national/international collaboration  To develop educational materials for facilitating workshops to promote EBHC  To assist with and encourage EBHC-related programs when requested by an individual national/regional organization  To advise and guide on fundraising skills in order that national foundations and societies are enabled to finance a greater level and range of activities  To participate in, and promote programs for national, regional and international workshops regarding EBCP  To foster the development of an international communications system for individuals and organizations working in EBHC-related areas  To improve the evidence systems within which health care workers practice.


This paper treats the following problem in combinatorial analysis: Find an incomplete balanced block design D with parameters b, v, r, k, and λ = 1, possessing an automorphism group G which is doubly transitive on the elements of D and such that the subgroup H of G fixing all the elements of a block is transitive on the remaining elements. Also find transitive extensions of such groups G. If the block design is a finite projective plane, the plane is necessarily Desarguesian. Thus, these properties of the automorphism group may be considered as a "Desarguesian" property of the designs.

This paper considers the case in which D is a Steiner triple system. The main result is that a "Desarguesian" Steiner triple system is either 1) a projective geometry over GF(2) or 2) an affine geometry over GF(3). TWO intermediate results are of interest: 1) A Steiner triple system has for each element an involution fixing only this element, if and only if every triangle generates an S(9), a Steiner triple system with 9 elements; 2) if a Steiner triple system has for each triple an involution fixing only the elements of this triple, then every triangle generates an S(7) or an S(9).


The generative adversarial network has achieved a huge success in the generative algorithm. Besides the generating handwritten digits, human faces, indoor designs, and many other images from noise, more and more researchers applied the adversarial techniques on style transfer task, which is also regarded as domain transfer task, in the past three years. In this work, we aim at generating anime-style faces from human faces in the real world. We construct a Face2Anime Dataset, performed the generative adversarial learning on it, and evaluate the result at the end.


A simple model is devised, and approximations are made in an attempt to explain the observed dependence on removal rates of fluctuations in trace gas concentrations in the troposphere. The model suggests that the coefficient of dispersion (σχ/〈χ〉) of the fluctuations of the gas concentration χ arising from variations in the production rate is proportional to γ1/2, where γ is the rate of removal of the gas.


Global population explosion has led to an increase in demand for chemicals and fuels. Consequently this is accompanied by energy security and environmental challenges such as GHGs emissions. Hence, the need for alternative sources of chemicals from greener sources cannot be overemphasized. Furfural was produced from hemicellulose of citrullus colocynthis (Melon) seed husk (MSH) which involves the simultaneous steps of acid catalyzed hydrolysis/dehydration of the (MSH). A response surface methodology (RSM) was used for furfural production and optimization using MINITAB 17statistical software. Results obtained from RSM for furfural production were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). A furfural with optimum yield of 75.03% was achieved via degradation of hemicellulose fraction of the MSH at optimized variable conditions of Temperature (220 °C), Acid Concentration (10% H2SO4), and Reaction Time (55 minutes). FT-IR spectrum of the produced furfural showed absorption at 1670cm-1 and 2800cm-1 indicating a conjugated carbonyl functional group and aldehydic hydrogen. The result revealed that the utilization of MSH in furfural production may serve as a viable solution of disposing this agricultural wastes and may address environmental problems associated with fossil fuels when the produced furfural used as a feedstock in industries for biofuels and fine chemicals production.


Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of fructose-1,6 diphosphate(FDP)in the treatment of cerebral infarction.Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMbase,Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials, CBM and CNKI in 2006.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) or quasi-randomized controlled trials involving FDP for cerebral infarction were collected.We assessed the quality of the studies and conducted meta-analyse with The Cochrane Collaboration' s RevMan 4.2.Results Ten RCTs were included,9 of which were of low quality and only one was graded as high quality. None of the trials reported the number of patients who had died or were dependent at the end of long term follow-up.After 7 to 30 days of treatment,improvement of neurological deficiency was associated with FDP compared with placebo or control[OR 2.45,95%CI(1.91,3.15)].There was no statistical difference in the death rate between the FDP and control groups at the end of the treatment[RD -0.01,95%CI(-0.03,0.01)].One study found that FDP had a similar safety profile[OR 1.24,95%CI (0.32,4.75)]to the control group.None of the trials compared the costs in the treatment groups.Conclusions The quality of the published clinical trials on FDP in the treatment of cerebral infarction is poor.FDP may improve short-term neurological deficits,but seems unlikely to decrease mortality.Moreover, we found no evidence to support the long-term efficacy of FDP on mortality,dependency and neurological deficit.Large-scale and high quality clinical trials with sufficient follow-ups are needed to evaluate the role of FDP in the treatment of cerebral infarction.


In the title compound, C17H13Br2NO3, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the isoindole system is 71.3 (2)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by a C—H⋯O hydrogen bond and a π–π interaction.


© 2014 The Authors. doi: 10.2340/00015555-1807 Journal Compilation © 2014 Acta Dermato-Venereologica. ISSN 0001-5555 Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterised by the clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells (LC) that predominantly occurs in infants and small children, but LCH is rare in adults (1). Generally in children, local therapy would be an appropriate treatment, since patients with localised disease or disease limited to a single organ system have a good prognosis (1). However, the clinical picture of LCH in adults is not fully understood and the optimal treatment for it is still under discussion. In this report, we describe a case of adult onset LCH successfully treated with bi-weekly pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)α2a and discuss the immunological background focusing on the tumour microenvironment immunologically.


Cosmological N-body simulation is an important tool for scientists to study the evolution of the universe. With the increase of computing power, billions of particles of high space-time fidelity can be simulated by supercomputers. However, limited computer storage can only hold a small subset of the simulation output for analysis, which makes the understanding of the underlying cosmological phenomena difficult. To alleviate the problem, we design an in-situ data reduction method for large-scale unstructured particle data. During the data generation phase, we use a combined k-dimensional partitioning and Gaussian mixture model approach to reduce the data by utilizing probability distributions. We offer a model evaluation criterion to examine the quality of the probabilistic distribution models, which allows us to identify and improve low-quality models. After the in-situ processing, the particle data size is greatly reduced, which satisfies the requirements from the domain experts. By comparing the astronomical attributes and visualizations of the reconstructed data with the raw data, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our in-situ particle data reduction technique.


We show that a pseudospectral representation of the wavefunction using multiple spatial domains of variable size yields a highly accurate, yet efficient method to solve the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. The overall spatial domain is split into non-overlapping intervals whose size is chosen according to the local de Broglie wavelength. A multi-domain weak formulation of the Schrodinger equation is obtained by representing the wavefunction by Lagrange polynomials with compact support in each domain, discretized at the Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto points. The resulting Hamiltonian is sparse, allowing for efficient diagonalization and storage. Accurate time evolution is carried out by the Chebychev propagator, involving only sparse matrix-vector multiplications. Our approach combines the efficiency of mapped grid methods with the accuracy of spectral representations based on Gaussian quadrature rules and the stability and convergence properties of polynomial propagators. We apply this method to high-harmonic generation and examine the role of the initial state for the harmonic yield near the cutoff.


Improved public transport has long been a high priority among Victorian voters however, the recent announcement of the $1.6 billion project to remove nine level crossings between Caulfield and Dandenong has not been met with the expected enthusiasm all round.


Over recent years, diesel engines have become an acceptable power
unit for the private car, offering low fuel consumption, longer engine
life and reduced maintenance costs; This thesis describes a programme of
tests conducted at the Department of Transport Technology, Loughborough
University of Technology, on behalf of the Transport Assessment Division,
T.R.R.L., and compares the fuel consumption of three Vauxhall Cavalier
cars, viz., a l600LD diesel car and the l300GL and l600GL petrol versions.
Using a number of statistical techniques, the work further investigates
the effect a group of factors had on the fuel economy of the diesel test
vehicle.
The fuel consumption of the diesel vehicle was compared to the
l300cc. petrol car which had a similar performance, and the two petrol
cars were compared to show the effect different engine capacity had on
fuel consumption. Seven test drivers, categorised by age and sex,
participated in the tests which were conducted on a test route in the
county of Leicestershire, encompassing all types of driving environments.


Abstract: Objective: To explore the intervention effect and mechanism of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in adult women with Temporomandibular disorders pain for over three months. Methods: Among the adult patients with temporomandibular joint disorders diagnosed for the first time from 2019 to 2021, randomly selected 24 in the supportive group and 23 in the CBT group with physiological treatment, eight, 50min/week/time paired psychological intervention, cortisol testing for one and three months of follow-up and efficacy question answered. Paired independent sample t-test, qualitative analysis discusses the effect and mechanism. Results: CBT had a significant effect on pain trends in chronic TMJ disorders in adult women (I / S= -1.15, P <0.001): self-growth, emotional management, and pain improvement; the supportive group was stress regulation and interpersonal relationship. Conclusion: Psychological intervention can effectively relieve pain; the higher pain value is better; different mechanisms have different treatments. For example, CBT in self-growth, emotional management, pain improvement, and supportive therapy in interpersonal improvement and stress adjustment enhances the psychological resilience of patients.


This paper explores the application of SPH to a DNS of decaying turbulence in a two‐dimensional no‐slip wall‐bounded domain. In this bounded domain, the inverse energy cascade, and a net torque exerted by the boundary, results in a spontaneous spin‐up of the fluid, leading to a typical end state of a large monopole vortex that fills the domain. The SPH simulations were compared against published results using a high‐accuracy pseudo‐spectral code. Ensemble averages of the kinetic energy, enstrophy and average vortex wavenumber compared well against the pseudo‐spectral results, as did the evolution of the total angular momentum of the fluid. However, although the pseudo‐spectral results emphasised the importance of the no‐slip boundaries as generators of long‐lived coherent vortices in the flow, no such generation was seen in the SPH results. Vorticity filaments produced at the boundary were always dissipated by the flow shortly after separating from the boundary layer. The kinetic energy spectrum of the SPH results was calculated using an SPH Fourier transform that operates directly on the disordered particles. The ensemble kinetic energy spectrum showed the expected k−3 scaling over most of the inertial range. However, the spectrum flattened at smaller length scales (initially less than 7.5 particle spacings and growing in size over time), indicating an excess of small‐scale kinetic energy.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


To investigate whether the polling tool can effectively be used to deliver regular MCQ style questions (followed by feedback) to students and whether student's use of this tool had an effect on exam scores.


After reviewing the history and achievements of ethnic social work in the early years,this paper holds that early scholars introduced related theories and basic concepts,built a theoretical foundation and accumulated experiences in localizing the theories of Western ethnic social work.It then discusses the rationality of taking social work,ethnology and early studies on frontiers as the theoretical foundation of this discipline,and elaborates the research dimensions of ethnic social work.Finally,it points out challenges in the discipline development posed by binary mode of subject and ethnic minorities,cultural otherness and rapid social changes caused by population floating.


Caribbean Christmas tree worms (Annelida: Polychaeta: Serpulidae: Spirobranchus) are considered host generalists in their associations with anthozoan (Scleractinia) and hydrozoan (Millepora) stony corals [...]


Detecting and tracking objects in 3D scenes play crucial roles in autonomous driving. Successfully recognizing objects through space and time hinges on a strong detector and a reliable association scheme. Recent 3D detection and tracking approaches widely represent objects as points when associating detection results with trajectories. Despite the demonstrated success, these approaches do not fully exploit the rich appearance information of objects. In this paper, we present a conceptually simple yet effective algorithm, named AlphaTrack, which considers both the location and appearance changes to perform joint 3D object detection and tracking. To achieve this, we propose a cross-modal fusion scheme that fuses camera appearance feature with LiDAR feature to facilitate 3D detection and tracking. We further attach an additional branch to the 3D detector to output instance-aware appearance embedding, which significantly improves tracking performance with our designed association mechanisms. Extensive validations on large-scale autonomous driving dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in comparison with state-of-the-art approaches. Notably, the proposed algorithm ranks first on the nuScenes tracking leaderboard to date.


Malaysia is becoming one of the top tourist destinations in the world. Several decades of sustained economic growth and political stability have made it one of the most buoyant and wealthy countries in the region.

An increasing number of travel & tour agencies offer their services online. Every agents which in the area of tourism sectors that to be more successful, they have to implement a good planning and management strategies in a way to conduct a service excellent in management context.


Summary and Conclusions Pellets of estrone were implanted in the subcutaneous tissues, the spleen, and the transplanted ligated spleen, respectively, of groups of normal adult male rats. At the time of implantation of the pellet the right testis was removed in half the number of animals of each group. Marked atrophy occurred in the testes and related genital organs when the pellet was present in the subcutaneous tissues or in the transplanted ligated spleen. No changes occurred in these organs when the pellet was present in the normally situated spleen, indicating that when the absorbed estrone passes through the liver of normal adult male rats before reaching the organs it specifically affects, it is inactivated.


In order to adapt to the current ordinary college sports curriculum reform and improve students' physical quality,using the method of psychological measurement and teaching experiment,the authors studied the microteaching method based on the hidden curriculum design in the football course in higher schools. The results showthat the application of the microteaching method based on the hidden curriculum design in football course in higher schools not only can improve the students' skills with remarkable effect,but also is conducive to the cultivation of students' good personali psychological quality.


1. OVERVIEW. Anvil is a tool for the annotation of video data. The aim of Anvil is to support the manual encoding of phenomena that occur in the video on multiple layers throughout a timeline. The official web site notes that while it was "originally developed for gesture research in 2000, Anvil is now being used in many research areas including human-computer interaction, linguistics, ethology, anthropology, psychotherapy, embodied agents, computer animation, and oceanography" (Kipp 2011).


Apparatus is described for mounting an auxiliary motor such as a trolling motor to the transom of a boat. The apparatus includes a frame, a motor mount, a pivot connection between the frame and the motor mount, a control motor supported by the frame, a gear carried by the frame and driven by the control motor, and a linking arm connected between the gear and the motor mount.


A method for transporting management of an object (1) comprising the steps of: - receiving a request for delivery of an object (1); - calculate an optimized route of the object; - defining the position of a first individual keeper (33) and a second individual keeper (34); - associate the object (1) to a package (2); - receiving a first data validation rebate when the object is delivered to the individual first keeper (33); - receiving a second rebate validation data when the packet is delivered to an individual main conveyor (35); - receive a third delivery of validation data when the packet is delivered to the individual second keeper (34); - receiving a fourth data delivery validation when the object is returned to the individual receiving client (32).


Infection with the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes can cause serious illness in people who are more vulnerable to infection, and hospitalisation and death can occur in serious cases. There are several factors that make people more vulnerable to infection with this bacteria, such as: pregnancy (where infection may lead to miscarriage or illness in newly born babies) ageing (as the immune system weakens with age, older adults - usually defined as those who are aged 65 and over - can be more susceptible to listeriosis compared with the general population) people who are considered immunocompromised due to a medical condition or treatment Certain ready-to-eat foods (foods that are not expected to undergo cooking) can allow the survival and growth of Listeria monocytogenes. Ready-to-eat smoked fish (such as smoked salmon and trout) is recognised as one of these foods. This risk assessment was requested to provide evidence to support a review of the advice for vulnerable consumers on the risk of eating ready-to-eat smoked fish.


The silvereye (Zosterops lateralis) is a small Australian passerine (10-13 g) belonging to the white-eye family Zosteropidae. It is the most abundant native passerine in parts of the east, south and south-west of the continent (Fig. 1). It is also the most studied of all Australian landbirds, having the greatest number of birds banded among all Australian bird species. The Tasmanian Z. l. lateralis population has been observed to migrate distances > 1000 km (mees 1974), while mainland lateralis undertakes shorter seasonal movements especially during autumn and winter (lane & Battam 1971, Chan 1995a). The Tasmanian form in recent times apparently colonised oceanic islands such as New Zealand, Chatham, and Macquarie (mees 1969, oliver 1974, grant 1978). Earlier colonisation events have resulted in distinctive


The problem of sensor positioning for condition monitoring of Systems, Structures and Components (SSCs) has been recently proposed to be addressed by Value of Information (VoI) optimization. VoI is a metric that quantifies the benefit of taking a measurement prior to adopting it. This metric lacks the characteristics of sub-modularity, i.e. the benefit of adding a measurement to a small set of measurement is higher than adding it to a bigger set. This causes the VoI optimization to not guarantee optimal results when the problem is solved by greedy optimization algorithms. In this work, the sub-modularity issue is considered with reference to the thickness gauge sensor positioning on a Steam Generator (SG) of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), and ways forward to overcome the sub-modularity issue are suggested.


he paper is devoted to research of the famous paleobotanist and stratigrapher A.N. Kryshtofovich in the Far East. Here he has been formed as a geologist, palaeobotanist and stratigrapher. His discovery of the Late Cretaceous flora in Sakhalin Island and elaboration of the Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy was a sinificant contribution to the world science. His geological researches in the Sakhalin Island provided a base of the further investigation of the continental Upper Cretaceous in the region. In the Far East, A.N. Kryshtofovich collaborated with the famous Far Eastern geologist E.E. Anert. Their correspondence is published here for the first time.


Fundamentals of Computer Application course is a public vocational students computer required courses. The paper ana-lyzed through the application of basic vocational computer teaching status quo, and combined with the characteristics of the course,put forward a few points about vocational computer application foundation courses teaching reform.


Floristic research carried out in the region of Warmia and Mazury led to the discovery, on 16 May 2011, of a small cranberry stand in a forest, in a small raised bog with enclaves characteristic of transitional moors. The discussed stand is situated in the southern part of the Olsztyn Forest Division, district 499, in the vicinity of the eastern boundary of the Lake Kośno landscape reserve.


Electrochemical etching of titanium alloy in a fluoride-containing electrolyte results in ordered nanotextured surfaces. The reproducibility of nanotextured surfaces depends on several process parameters, most notably the fluoride ion concentration in the electrolyte. In the present work, electrochemical etching of Ti6Al4V alloy foils in ethylene glycol containing 0.66 wt% NH4F and 2% deionized water was carried out at 60 V for 45 minutes. This paper describes the depletion of fluoride ion concentration and contamination of electrolyte upon reuse. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy was used to measure the dissolution of metal oxides in the electrolyte during etching. We found increasing concentration of the alloy elements Ti, Al, V contaminated the electrolyte due to repeated reuse of the electrolyte. The results show an appreciable log-linear depletion of fluoride ion concentration resulting in a changed surface morphology, chemical composition and etched volume. This paper provides an important insight to changes in surface morphology and surface chemistry with extended reuse of the etching electrolyte, useful for regulatory approvals.


This talk presents results from an acoustic propagation experiment conducted in the Lower Laguna Madre to characterize the acoustical properties of a seagrass meadow. At the location of the experiment, the water was one meter deep, and the seabed was covered by a dense growth of Thalassia testudinum, a type of seagrass that grows from a long, jointed rhizome buried 5 cm to 10 cm below the seafloor. The biological processes and physical characteristics associated with seagrass are known to affect acoustic propagation due to bubble production, which results in dispersion, absorption and scattering of sound. During the experiment, a Combustive Sound Source was used to produce broadband signals at ranges of 20 m to 1000 m from the receiver location. Three sensors were positioned at the receiver location: two hydrophones located within and above the seagrass canopy, and a single-axis geophone. The data were analyzed for the purposes of predicting acoustic propagation in seagrass meadows and for estimating envi...


Intense controversy surrounded the admission of women to the last two state supported single-sex educational institutions, The Citadel and VMI. The debate at The Citadel, in particular, provided a cultural narrative about gender, difference, and diversity. After conducting interviews, collecting letters and editorials, and examining protest language, this study presents a feminist ideological examination of Faulkner v. The Citadel. This work interrogates the discursive strategies defining gender and diversity and offers a strategic model for demystifying essentializing discourse.


This paper considers the efficacy and the desirability of home government tariff and subsidy policies when labour market structure and asymmetries in the firms' size matter. In a Cournot-Nash duopolistic sector, a unionized home-firm competes against a non-unionized foreign firm. The home firm-union choose wages and employment in a two-stage Nash bargaining game. The second stage corresponds to the Cournot-Nash game with the foreign firm. Firms may play in strategic substitutes or complements. As the home bargainers recognize that market shares are determined by relative marginal costs, they may use the wage stage strategically. Home government policy choices critically depend upon the bargaining structure and general equilibrium spillovers. Copyright 1996 by Royal Economic Society.


From the Publisher:
Many books discuss the theory of neural and fuzzy systems, but this is the only one that gives you everything you need to actually design and implement neural and fuzzy programs for real-world scientific, engineering, and financial applications. Each chapter is self-contained and takes the reader through all the steps - from data preparation to the presentation of results - necessary to develop a complete working application, many of which feature interactive graphics. In addition to basics such as backpropagation for feedforward networks, the book also covers a number of advanced methods, including genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, and conjugate gradient methods. A complete, step-by-step guide to developing fuzzy and neural applications; applications for financial forecasting, modeling of chaotic dynamics, pattern classification, and control of unstable systems; provides a wealth of sample code for all applications; critically evaluates how well each application works; and features a guide to creating a complete object-oriented interactive interface framework through which all applications can be run.


This article deals with two particular aspects of the European regionalism. It is shown that in the secion 2 the EU is such a type of the supranational regional cooperation that is led by the neofunctionalism strategy for the purpose of preventing conflicts between nation-states, and in the section 3 the supranational cooperation causes the tentions around sovereignties and to resolve them the subsidiarity principle has been introduced as a new guiding principle, in turn, it leads to a new idea of the EU, 'the Europe of Regions', that would give a solution to 'the democratic deficit' by securing decentralization in member nations.


The rising of the industry of agriculture products' future Processing is one of the ways which can help to realize agricultural industralization,, to increase fanners' income and to transfer our province from a big agricultural province to a developed agriculture province is just on the threshold of its development. Therefore, in order to deal with the severe challenges after China' accession to WTO. It's crucial to comprehend the present situation and current problems of the industry of agricultural products' future processing in our province.


This research was conducted in the city of Quevedo, in the laboratories of the State Technical University of Quevedo, Laboratory for Basic Uses of land plants, and at the Laboratory of Food Science, Faculty of Animal Science . He also worked with the Laboratory of Nutrition lNlAP Santa Catalina Quito. The field work was included in the collection of bunches of bananas around the city of Quevedo, the Gros Michel banana type were collected in the Pathway Mocache on the farm belonging to the Familia Aviles . Bananas Orito type were collected in the City of Valencia road to La Mana in Hda . Ms. Digna Licta . In the same area were collected Cavendish bananas, which were harvested in the Hda. Buenos Aires 2 Kleber belonging to Mr. Fuentes. The gathering was held at scheduled times and skipped to coordinate the ripening of banana in a progressive way, the same as in turn bordered average times for two weeks and then start pintonear mature……


An increase of about 40 percent in dc transconductance and RF gain of directly ion-implanted GaAs MESFET's was observed when the substrates were subjected to an extrinsic gettering treatment before ion implantation. The gettering treatment consisted of mechanical damage on the backside of the wafer followed by a mild heat treatment. The relationship between material parameters and MESFET performance is discussed and a mechanism for the gettering action is proposed.


Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: comet of the Enlightenment ISOBEL GRUNDY, 1999 Oxford: Oxford University Press. xxiii + 680 pp., ISBN 0 19 811289 0, £30.00 Inventing Maternity: politics, science and literature, 1650–1865 SUSAN C. GREENFIELD & CAROL BARASH (Eds), 1999 Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. viii + 274 pp., ISBN 0 8131 2078 0, $35.00


IT HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN SHOWN (1, 2) that the usual post-adrenalectomy changes in serum sodium and chloride do not occur in cats with diabetes insipidus, unless pitressin is injected. Since it has been suggested (3–5) that changes in plasma electrolytes in adrenal insufficiency may be secondary to abnormal excretion of these substances, it becomes of interest to determine whether or not there is any difference between polyuric and non-polyuric animals in their excretion of electrolytes after adrenalectomy. We have sought to obtain evidence regarding a possible role of the posterior lobe of the pituitary in electrolyte metabolism, both in the presence and absence of the adrenals, and the present paper, accordingly, is concerned with the excretion of sodium and chloride in diabetes insipidus, adrenal insufficiency, and in the presence of both syndromes combined, together with the effect of pitressin injections on electrolyte excretion in these conditions.


Kaempferol molecularly imprinted polymer(KAE-MIP) was synthesized with kaempferol as template,2-vinylpyridine as functional monomer and EDMA as cross-linker by molecular imprinting technique in methanol solution.Kaempferol imprinted polymer's binding affinity and selectivity to kaempferol were evaluated by equilibrium adsorption experiments and its adsorption kinetics were observed.KAE-MIP exhibited good adsorption affinity and selectivity toward KAE.Scatchard analysis revealed that two classes of binding sites were formed in KAE-MIP.Compared to the adsorption behaviors of KAE and its analogs,KAE-MIP displayed excellent molecular recognition.The selective adsorption of kaempferol on KAE-MIP could be accomplished with in 2 h.


The program «Study of the consequences of in utero exposure to ionizing radiation as a result of the accident at the Chornobyl NPP» (Project In Utero) has been running at State Institution «V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Natl. Acad. Med. Sci. of Ukraine» in collaboration with the National Cancer Institute (USA) since 2003 in order to obtain scientifically substantiated data on the medical consequences of the Chornobyl disaster. The aim of these studies is to provide the epidemiological analysis and establish the relationship between the individual dose of fetal thyroid irradiation and the incidence of thyroid pathology in children and adolescents who prenatally were exposed to radioactive iodine, as well as an assessment of the effect of risk factors (irradiation and maternal iodine supply) on the course and outcomes of pregnancy, the growth and development of posterity. The expected result will be scientifically substantiated information on the medical consequences of prenatal exposure to irradiation, a comparative assessment of the ecological effect versus therapeutic irradiation in utero, on the basis of which risks can be predicted and develop the appropriate methodological recommendations, and which can be used in the future in emergency situations. Purpose — bibliographic review of scientific publications on the results of the Project implementation. Results. Two publications outline the purpose and objectives of the Project, describe the principles of cohort formation, study design, cohort member survey procedure, create a Project database, provide the results of the first screening survey, and the preliminary risk assessment for thyroid neoplasms. In first article, based on the results of two standardized screening examinations of a formed cohort of prenatally irradiated patients, cancer risk and benign thyroid nodes were evaluated, radiation risk was analyzes by tumor size, the methods of estimation of thyroid intrauterine and neonatal doses of iodine‑131 are described and the general scheme for calculation of intrauterine doses for persons from radiation contaminated territories and persons from territories of comparison is offered. The results of the analysis of anthropometric data using multivariate linear regression models, which indicate a significant modification of the dependence of mass and body mass index on dose in the presence/absence of thyroid disease, are presented in second article. One publicationconcerns a retrospective analysis of relevant medical records and modeling by linear regression of dose-relationship with neonatal anthropometry and gestational duration. Conclusion. The results of a long-term clinical and epidemiological cohort study of individuals irradiated in utero as a result of the Chornobyl accident were reported in published papers. Prolonged follow-up of cohort members allows for a scientifically validated assessment of the medical consequences of prenatal exposure.


A series of III‐V‐based magnetic semiconductor heterostructures, p‐type (In,Mn)As/(Ga,Al)Sb, has been grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Studies on magnetotransport and magneto‐optical properties show that perpendicular ferromagnetic order occurs in the heterostructures with thin (In,Mn)As layers. The origin is discussed in terms of both carrier‐ and strain‐induced effects.