AbstractDespite decades of investment in affordable housing, little is known about the social connectedness of the population served or the use value of interactions among residents. In this article, we use cross-sectional survey data from recent movers to a single affordable housing complex in New York City (N = 120) to assess the structure of social networks and the content of local relationships, specifically the exchange of expressive, instrumental, and informational support. Respondents living in affordable housing report a diversity of ties, including friends, family, and neighbors. We find that within-building networks differ in key ways from networks of individuals who live in the same neighborhood but not in the same residential building. Residents interact less frequently with building ties, report few close ties in the building, and do not perceive building neighbors to be essential resources. When we examine the content of these relationships, however, we find that building residents do provide and receive multiple types of support, particularly informational resources. We furtherfind that the characteristics of building neighbors are associated with the odds of providing or receiving specific types of support or resources. Expressive (or emotional) support is more likely between similar individuals, and having children is associated with both provision and receipt of support of all kinds. Receiving information about childcare or finding a school or tutor for one's child is more likely from a building tie who is better off. Understanding affordable-housing residents' social context can support policies that target this population and improve our understanding of social integration in this setting.IntroductionDuring the past few decades, federal housing policies have increasingly sought to alter the neighborhood conditions of low-income households, either by providing opportunities to move out of high-poverty areas or by redeveloping distressed public housing complexes into mixed-income communities. Most recently, efforts have turned toward revitalizing high-poverty neighborhoods by infusing new services and creating a more diverse housing stock, with the hope of engendering healthier communities and greater income diversity. These approaches seek to improve the lives of the lowest income households by increasing access to better quality schools and safer streets, improving housing quality, and generally reducing concentrated disadvantage and social isolation.Many place-based strategies include the provision of housing for low-income working households that, although generally better off than households living in public housing or receiving vouchers, often struggle to find adequate housing in the private market-particularly in high-cost cities. In New York City, more than 70 percent of households that would income qualify for low-income affordable housing are rent burdened and 25 percent are severely burdened.1 Alternative poverty measures2 that account for the value of rental assistance and other social safety-net benefits and for the local cost of living would define many of these households as living below the revised poverty line (Levitan, 2013).Affordable-housing programs that serve low-income working households have been active for decades. Since its inception in 1987, the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) Program alone has placed more than 2 million low-income units in service nationwide.3 Local initiatives support the creation or preservation of additional affordable housing for households earning up to 80 percent of U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Income Limits.4 In New York City, most of the 165,000 units financed as part of the New Housing Marketplace Plan (NHMP)5 (fiscal years [FY] 2004 through 2014) were targeted to these households (City of New York, 2004), and the Housing New York plan (FY 2014 through 2024) is committed to financing 140,000 units for households earning 31 to 80 percent of HUD Income Limits (City of New York, 2014). …


In this paper, we have presented a method to generate efficient NC tool paths based on the surface subdivision. The main objective is to achieve high efficiency in the machining of sculptured surface. The NC machining efficiency can be improved by segmenting the whole surface into distinct areas according to the characters of sculptured surface and by using different size mills and different tool path planning methods to machine the areas. The iso-parametric method and large mills are used in the curvature changing little areas. While the iso-scallop method and small mills are used in curvatures changing large areas. This can make full use of tool path generation methods and mills, which improve the machining efficiency of sculpture effectively.


the 95% probability limits of the forecasts. Clearly time series analysis is widely applicable in marketing research. An important advantage is the ability to predict and explain both shortand long-term effects. However, the care must be taken in modeling economic time series as the simple strategies of differencing data by prevailing techniques may not yield reliable forecasts. Our time series modeling procedure is different from the Box-Jenkins method in two main aspects. First, it avoids the tedious stage of identifying orders n and m of the ARMA(n, m) model from the examination of plots of the estimated autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions as recommended in Box-Jenkins procedure and provides a step-by-step modeling strategy which can be easily executed on a digital computer to obtain the statistically adequate model irrespective of its order. The second difference is in the modeling of nonstationary time series. Box and Jenkins use the word "nonstationary" for discrete ARMA models with one or more roots with absolute value one, e.g. random walk, EWMA, etc. However, the probabilistic properties are still independent of the origin, although theoretically their variance is infinite. As a matter of fact in nonstationary cases, where trends and seasonality are do~ant in the data, the sample autocorrelation functions fail to damp out quickly. Thus, tentative identification of the model from their plots is almost impossible. That is the reason for applying differencing or seasonality operators (which in tum must be guessed from the data or sample autocorrelation functions, etc.). The danger of such an indiscriminate operating or smoothing of the data merely to simplify analysis has been pointed by Slutsky [1927]. Such an operation itself may introduce spurious trends and periods in the resultant series which are not present in the data. The final fitted model, though statistically adequate and apparently parsimonious, may give a completely distorted picture of the structure of the original series. JOURNAL OF MARKETING RESEARCH, FEBRUARY 1981


Ultralow latency parsing of financial data is gaining significance in the high-frequency trading of the security exchange market. Hardware-aided systems exhibit superior improvement of latency over traditional software solutions, but flexibility may suffer when processing the financial protocol. This article presents a domain-specific accelerator for the market data distribution system, which integrates a financial information exchange adapted for streaming (FAST) decoder, a 10-Gbps network interface, and a high-speed PCIe host interface into a single field programmable gate array (FPGA) acceleration card. The proposed FAST decoder adopts the finite state machines-coordinated sequence mapping table to achieve run-time reconfigurability over fine-grained FPGA programming, and 16 fields can be decoded simultaneously in a pipelined manner, resulting in a decoding latency of only 33 ns. Evaluated on the Xilinx Alveo U200 acceleration card, this work improves the latency of decoding a FAST message by 26%–72% than state-of-the-art FPGA designs, and outperforms the software baseline by $>27\times$ in terms of latency covering both decoding and communication.


This paper presents an original solution to efficiently transmit video bitstreams over an IP networked wireless channel via an unequal rate allocation protection scheme. The originality of this scheme is that it proposes a sensitivity estimation not only for the video stream itself as classically done, but also for the network headers used over the IP wireless network, here considered in their compressed version. Based on this sensitivity measure, the protection allocation algorithm is able to propose an efficient unequal rate allocation scheme using rate compatible punctured codes. Numerical results obtained in the case of H.263+ bitstreams transmitted over an error prone wireless compressed RTP/UDP/IP network show that taking into account both video and headers sensitivity allows this unequal error protection (UEP) scheme to provide PSNR improvements of about 5 dB when compared to equal error protection (EEP) scheme with a low additional complexity


The ability to provide integration between business functions that may be supported across multiple applications is a critical need for modern organizations. However, problems often emerge from overly ambitious or imprecise requirements resulting from inadequate plans for integrating different systems (legacy or otherwise). This paper analyzes the field of enterprise integration and provides an analysis of the extent of the problem and current trends that address the problem. It identifies gaps in the field, outstanding research issues, and provides an initial roadmap toward a solution.


According to the published hyaluronidase 2 gene sequences of sheep(NM_001009754),two specific pairs of primers were designed.The Full-length gene of Hyal2 was amplified by overlapping PCR and then was subcloned into PMD19-T vector and sequenced.The Hyal2 gene were1431bp long and contain an open reading frame(ORF) which encoding 476 amino acids.The comparison of the sequences showed that: the homology of Hyal2 gene compared with the template nucleotide was 99.8%,amino acid homology was 99%.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the relationship between target gene and bovine was closer.Bioinformaticsanalysis showed that the protein of the gene was a hydrophilic protein.


Focusing on its ability to meet current and future demands, the Navy recently examined its officer structure and asked RAND to analyze changes in authorizations and inventory, to compare authorizations and inventory and potential gaps in costs related to them, and to estimate personnel requirements for the years 2010 and 2017. Based on their research, the authors determine trends and cycles in officer requirements and inventory as well as the evolution of policy and the management of the officer corps. (PW)


Colletotrichum leaf fall of rubber tree is becoming an increasingly important disease in Yunnan province.Sensitivity test was carried out in laboratory to screen the effective fungicides to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum isolated from rubber in Yunnan.Prochloraz,carbendazim,thiophanate-methyl,bromothalonil,dacotech and mancozeb were tested by using the mycelial linear growth rate method.The results showed that C.gloeosporioides isolates tested were extremely sensitive to prochloraz,carbendazim,thiophanate-methyl with EC50 of 0.020 9 μg/mL,0.050 5 μg/mL and 0.404 3 μg/mL,respectively.C.acutatum isolates were sensitive to prochloraz,carbendazim,thiophanate-methyl with EC50 of 0.029 0 μg/mL,0.194 6 μg/mL and 3.834 7 μg/mL,respectively.But the sensitivtivity of C.acutatum was lower than that of the former,and mancozeb had a low inhibition to both fungi.


We investigate the quantum phase transitions in two capacitively coupled two-dimensional Josephson-junction arrays with charge frustration. The system is mapped onto the S=1 and $S=1/2$ anisotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnets near the particle-hole symmetry line and near the maximal-frustration line, respectively, which are in turn argued to be effectively described by a single quantum phase model. Based on the resulting model, it is suggested that near the maximal frustration line the system may undergo a quantum phase transition from the charge-density wave to the super-solid phase, which displays both diagonal and off- diagonal long-range order.


A novel electrically conductive nanocomposite was successfully fabricated by dispersing homogeneously conductive graphite nanosheets (GN) in an insulating silicone rubber (SR) matrix. GN were prepared by powdering expanded graphite with sonication in aqueous alcoholic solution. The particular geometry of GN 30-80 nm in thickness with high aspect ratio contributes to the advantage of forming the conducting network, so that the percolation threshold of SR/GN nanocomposite is about 0.009, much lower than that of composites with conventional graphite. The SR/GN nanocomposite presents a remarkable piezoresistive behavior under much low pressure, related to the low elastic modulus of the composite. The elastic modulus of the nanocomposite with various GN content and at the different speed of compression was discussed.


Objective To investigate the expressions and significance of Foxp3 in type 1 diabetic rat model and its effects on therapy using leiflunomide(LEF,group 1),Tripterygium wilfordii(TW,group 2),and Bai Ling Capsules(group 3) in treating type 1 diabetes. Methods Fifty rats were evenly divided into five groups.Diabetic models were made by multiple injections of low-dose streptozotocin(STZ) in groups 1-4,and group 5 served as normal control.LEF was then given to group 1,TW to group 2,and Bai Ling to group 3,once a day through intragastric administration,for two months.Group 4 was non-medication diabetes control group.The expressions of Foxp3 mRNA in peripheral blood and spleen were measured by real-time PCR,and FOXP3 protein in lymphoid node and spleen by immunohistochemistry. Results After model completed and medication,the blood glucose levels in groups 1-4 were significantly higher than that in group 5(F= 331.894,359.638;P0.01).Lymphocyte infiltration in pancreatic islet was decreased in groups 1,2 and 3 compared with that of group 4 after treatment.The expressions of Foxp3 mRNA and protein were increased significantly in groups 1-4 compared with that in group 5(F=5.895,11.489;P0.05).In group 2,however,the increase of Foxp3 mRNA in blood was not significant while that in spleen was significantly higher than that in group 4(P=0.028). Conclusion The expressions of Foxp3 are involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes induced by STZ.LF,TW and Bai Ling have therapeutic effect on type 1 diabetes.Up-regulation of Foxp3 expression may be one of the therapic mechanisms of TW,and that effect of LF and Bai Ling has not been observed.


In this paper, two adaptive observers are designed for fault identification of linear systems. The first observer is based on optimal design such that the estimation error of the fault is minimized. The second observer can achieve asymptotic fault estimation. Simulation of sensor fault diagnosis for an induction motor is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The present invention is known in the INN of ondansetron (±) 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3 - [(2-methyl -1H- imidazol-1-yl) methyl] - 4H- carbazol-4-one of the new polymorph, a method of manufacturing a multi form, pharmaceutical compositions containing multi form, and the use of multi-forms in the treatment and prevention of nausea and vomiting. According to the present invention, polymorphs of the novel stable ondansetron, and their preparation on an industrial scale is provided.


A new set of leadership skills is required for Extension administrators for the 21st century. Past models and theories are reviewed and discussed. The old "power" model of leadership is no longer relevant. A relatively new model called "Servant Leadership" is reviewed and explained. Seven key practices of servant leadership are outlined, and the model is based on one of the oldest leadership models, Taoism. Five key steps are proposed for Extension administrators who want to lead from a new paradigm. Extension is challenged to adopt servant leadership as its model.


The new approach to eliminate blind zone of an infrared range finder is introduced. Infrared sensors have normally limitations of each individual sensor type in terms of detection range and a wider range measurement of this sensor type costs certainly intensive. The idea to use multiple infrared sensors simultaneously, a short range and a long range one, is proposed to overcome this problem. This has been inspired by eyeglasses solutions to presbyopia, which have two lenses, one for near sight and one for seeing distant objects. Multiple sensors concept is used to span wider measuring range, even the cost remains low-budget, so that it can be used in educational research properly. The combination of a short range and a long range measurement can detect obstacles and measure distance continuously from distant (500 cm) to near field (20 cm) around it. Mobile platform in educational institutes can take these advantages for navigations and localization in indoor environments and also for obstacle avoidances.


Let k, l be two positive integers. An Sk,l is a graph obtained from disjoint K1,k and K1,l by adding an edge between the k-degree vertex in K1,k and the l-degree vertex in K1,l. An Sk,l-free graph is a graph containing no induced subgraph isomorphic to Sk,l. In this note, we show that, for any positive integers k, l with 2 6 k 6 l, there exists a constant c = c(k, l) such that every connected balanced Sk,l-free bipartite graph with minimum degree at least c contains a connected k-factor.


Ulysses observations at 2.5 AU of 38–315 keV electrons and 61–4752 keV ions during February-April 1991 suggest in several ways that, during periods of sustained high solar activity, the inner heliosphere serves as a "reservoir" for low-energy solar particles. Particle increases were not associated one-to-one with large X-ray flares because of their poor magnetic connection, yet intensities in March-April remained well above their February levels. The rise phase of the particle event associated with the great flare of 2245UT March 22 lasted most of two days, while throughout the one-week decay phase, the lowest-energy ion fluxes were nearly equal at Ulysses and Earth (IMP-8).


The drag on a sphere moving in the regions of the upper atmosphere is investigated. Calculations show that the drag coefficient departs from the classical value of C D = 2 for spheres in circular orbits of altitude greater than 10* km. The drag coefficient may well become much greater than 2 at sufficiently high altitudes.


TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method from titanium tetra isopropoxide. Influence of heat treatment on structural and morphological properties of TiO2 nanoparticles was investigated by XRD and SEM. Spectral properties of the nanoparticles were investigated using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, PL spectroscopy and UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. XRD analysis revealed the formation of mixed anatase and ruitle phase in the synthesized powder at 550oC and existence of only rutile phase at 750 and 900oC. The lattice parameters, crystallite sizes, volume of the unit cell, density and surface area of TiO2 nanoparticles were determined from XRD analysis. SEM analysis showed that the prepared nanoparticles were in the nano regime, nearly spherical and larger agglomerated at lower temperature. EDX analysis showed that the TiO2 composition obtained was near stoichiometric at lower temperature and the proportion of oxygen vacancy increased with the increase in temperature. The presence of Ti-O and Ti-O-Ti bonds was confirmed by FTIR spectra. PL spectroscopy showed that the change in surface states and presence of anatase and rutile phases of TiO2 were also responsible for exhibiting the change in PL intensity. UV–visible absorption spectra showed the shifting of absorption edge towards the higher wavelength with the increase in temperature while the corresponding energy band gap of semiconductor nanoparticles decreased. Change in Raman spectra with the increase in temperature was observed due to anatase to rutile phase transformation and with the increase in the particle size.


Let f(v, e, λ) denote the maximum number of proper vertex colorings of a graph with v vertices and e edges in λ colors. In this paper we present some new upper bounds for f(v, e, λ). In particular, a new notion of pseudo-proper colorings of a graph is given, which allows us to significantly improve the upper bounds for f(v, e, 3) given by Lazebnik and Liu in the case where e > v2-4. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Graph Theory 28: 115128, 1998


OFDM and Advanced FBMC are multi-carrier technologies aimed at increasing the performance of wireless communication system. In the first part of work, we have proposed an OFDM and advanced FBMC prototype filters for transmitting and receiving the PSK (Phase Shift Keying) symbols. OFDM utilize a CP between the symbols to minimize the ISI which results in wastage of bandwidth, for this Advanced FBMC is proposed for better BER performance without using cyclic prefix. In the second part of the work, we have employed a Cognitive Radio (CR) for the further utilization of unused spectrum. Many research works are going on CR and hence many research problems still cause to be answered. Energy detection spectrum sensing is one of the most practical methods used in the present work that detect the spectrum in an effective way without knowing the prior information about the signal. To support the proposed work, the simulated results and methodologies are thoroughly analyzed and explained.


A 10-year-old boy developed multiple basal cell epitheliomas with sebaceous differentiation. The histopathologic findings by light and electron microscopy are described. A variant of basal cell tumor, this epithelioma must be distinguished from multiple trichoepitheliomas and sebaceous tumors.


Females of childbearing age often suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a hormonal condition. Symptoms including insulin resistance, high androgen levels, irregular menstrual (estrous) cycles, and polycystic ovaries are linked to this condition. The study's objective is to determine the therapeutic effect of Tinospora cordifolia stemextract and Alkaloid Rich Fraction against continuously Light Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Sprague Dawley (SD) female rats. Animals were grouped into six groups where the control group received only distilled water and the standard group received Clomiphene citrate 20 mg/Kg. The test groups received Tinospora cordifolia Stem Extract (200 mg/kg b.w and 400 mg/kg b.w) and Alkaloid Rich Fraction (10 mg/kg b.w and 20 mg/kg b.w) for the period of 4 weeks after PCOS induction. The results showed a significant reduction in elevated testosterone levels compared to that of the PCOS group (Light Induced Group (L/L 24 hrs Continuous), but follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), insulin levels reported significant increase compared to that of the L/L PCOS group (Light Induced Group (L/L 24 hrs Continuous) and increased expression of INSR gene and restoration of melatonin levels. From the results, it was concluded that High doses of Tinospora cordifolia Stem Extract (400 mg/kg b.w) and Alkaloid Rich Fraction (20 mg/kg b.w) could be effective against Continuously Light Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Rodents it has due to decreased testosterone levels and increase insulin sensitivity by up-regulating INSR gene expression followed by restoration of melatonin levels. After treatment period a significant decrease in elevated LH levels, testosterone levels


Solar power plants are aimed to collect available thermal energy in a usable form at the desired temperature range. The thermal energy in form of hot oil can be used for electricity generation or a desalination plant. The Control is achieved by means of varying the flow pumped through the pipes in the field during the operation. In the utilization of the solar thermal energy, storages are highly important in integrating the collector systems with overall energy sources and usage: nights and the heavy cloud periods as well as load disturbances and changes need to come up with them. At a parabolic trough collector field, the linguistic equation (LE) controllers have shown reliable operation in varying operating conditions and extend the operation to varying cloudy and even heavy cloudy conditions and handle efficiently disturbances in energy demand. In a recent idea, the working point controller sets a goal for the operation by selecting the operating area which is then checked by the intelligent analysers to define the achievable setpoint. This improves the operation in connection with the other energy sources and the efficiency of the energy collection in varying operating conditions. Weather forecasts are needed in further scheduling the strengths of the collecting periods.


Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in food science has been widely applied during the past few years due to its enormous advantages for on-line quality control, i.e. reduced analysis time and non-destructive nature [1]. The aim of this work was to explore the potential of HSI for characterising whole wheat kernels and green coffee beans. Several properties were tested, including total protein content and estimation of the potential α-amylase activity for wheat. Both parameters are relevant for the food industry as they influence the quality of baked product, and both are key aspects of milling wheat specifications.


Economic growth has contributed significantly to the growth of the logistics industry in Indonesia. Nevertheless, the industry is fragmented as a result of large numbers of medium and small-scale players, which creates a situation of intense competition,


Identification of nucleic acid sub-sequences within larger background sequences is a fundamental need of the biology community. The applicability correlates to research studies looking for homologous regions, diagnostic purposes and many other related activities. This paper serves to detail the approaches taken leading to sub-sequence identification through the use of hidden Markov models and associated scoring optimisations. The investigation of techniques for locating conserved basal promoter elements correlates to promoter thus gene identification techniques. The case study centred on the TATA box basal promoter element, as such the background is a gene sequence with the TATA box the target. Outcomes from the research conducted, highlights generic algorithms for sub-sequence identification, as such these generic processes can be transposed to any case study where identification of a target sequence is required. Paths extending from the work conducted in this investigation have led to the development of a generic framework for the future applicability of hidden Markov models to biological sequence analysis in a computational context.


This paper studies the medical resources order and distribution scheduling problem with stochastic demand. A chance-constrained programming model is proposed based on time-space network with the objective of minimizing the hospital's total operating costs. Generic algorithm is employed to solve the optimization model. The numerical test results show the good performance of the proposed method.


As a sequel to a critical discussion of the debate on the question of public goods in connection with Coase's historical analysis of the lighthouses in Britain (published in TPR 79.4), this case study concerns the provision of a Chinese lighthouse, Gap Rock Light, by a British Crown Colony, Hong Kong. The study is informed by the precise meanings of key economic concepts of public goods and a free market, the reality of levying light dues on the basis of tonnage, and the changing nature of the lighthouse due to technological advances in shipping.


Methods successfully employed in the detection of inclusion- and siag- type defects in stainless steel overlay cladding using a twin-angle beam ultrasonic test technique are presented along with test data. A test method for detection of vertical cracking transverse to the weld overlay bead is developed. The design and operation of a twin variable angle search unit capable of introducing angles of zero through 70 degrees from each of the twin units at frequencies of 21/4 and 5 mc are described. Vertical cracking is detected from the carbon steel side of the stainless overlay cladding. This technique projects the beam at an angle through the carbon steel into the stainless steel striking the vertical reflector, reflecting from that vertical reflector to the stainless steel air interface, then back to the angle beam search unit on a parallel path to the incident beam. Good correlation is obtained between ultrasonic inspection and the radiographic picture of the sample. (N.W.R.)


The segmental orientational order generated in bimodal poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks under uniaxial stress is probed using 2 H-NMR. The induced segmental order is measured either on «short» chains (M n = 3000 g /mol) or on «long» chains (M n = 25000 g/mol). The segmental orientation is very similar for both kinds of chains and decreases linearly as the volume fraction Φ L of «long» chain increases. A mean field analysis including orientational correlations between segments is developed and accounts for these observations. Additionally, this study has been carried out on twosets of samples with different crosslinkers. It shows clearly that the induced orientational order depends on the nature of the crosslinking junctions


Bone marrow, spleen, liver, and thymus cells of the guinea pig were incubated in Eagle"s minimal essential medium which contained glycine-2-C14. Flasks were removed from the water bath at 0, 6, 18, 24, and 48 hours and their contents were homogenized, centrifuged, and concentrated. Experiments were carried out with the concentrated supernatant samples to determine whether or not they contained proteins with properties similar to those of complement (C′) proteins. Titrations for hemolytic activity revealed that bone marrow cells produced C′2, C′3, and C′4; spleen cells synthesized C′2 and liver slices produced C′2. Liver supernatant samples also contained C′3 activity, but proteins associated with C′3 actiyity seemed to be released rather than synthesized by liver slices. We were unable to demonstrate C activity with thymus cell supernatants. Heat inactivation (56 °C for 30 minutes), as well as EDTA inhibited the hemolytic activity of supernatant samples.Further experiments showed that these supernatant pr...


The eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC‐v8) for anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) made a revision in staging for patients with lymph node metastasis (LNM) based on the seventh edition of AJCC (AJCC‐v7). Our study aimed to evaluate the predictive ability of AJCC‐v8 for survival in patients with ATC by exploring the association between lymph node stage and prognosis of ATC patients.


Down to double the conditional access system, a plurality of pay-per-view multi-stream encryption method for multi-channel recording of a broadcast from, a multi-stream encryption device and a host device are disclosed. According to one embodiment of the invention, by multiplexing the descrambled for the multi-channel transport stream (transport stream) with a multi-stream, encoding the multiplexed multi-stream, in response to the encrypted multiple streams for multi-channel de-multiplexing and you can record multiple programs. Multi-channel transport stream, SECURE MIRCRO, TRANSPORT PROCESSOR, ASD


Presently,there are few studies on the subject of the economic evaluation of environmental impact during the exploitation of oil reservoir resource.The biggest technical problem is how to use the method of economic evaluation to measure the loss caused by the environmental impact.Taking Yanchang oilfield as an example,we divided the environmental impact during the exploitation of oil reservoir resource with the theory and method of economic evaluation of environmental impact into the resource loss and the economic loss of health.By using the systematic method of WTP and YPLL index in epidemiology,the economic value of environmental impact during the exploitation of oil reservoir resource was given in the end,which could be a direct reference for relative decision making by the government.


Abstract A numerical model for calculation of thermal stresses and strains during solidification of steel is presented. Creep deformations are included. Stresses and strains during the early stage of solidification are studied for different steels under different cooling conditions. The results obtained may explain some observed cracking in continuously cast steel.


ABSTRACT
 The article builds on current academic debates pertaining to the use of religion in global politics. By examining how and why religion is used as a tool for foreign policy aims as well as for perpetuating a state's identity and institutional capacity at home and abroad; the article presents a theory-informed discussion on Turkey's transnational politics of religion from a comparative perspective. The country's use of religion as a political tool outside of its borders has been studied in Western Europe, Africa, Asia and the Balkans thanks to extensive fieldwork and interviews conducted between 2016 and 2020. The article investigates how and why Turkey has implemented similar policies with different aims in different geographic territories and the underlying material and normative motivations for this pursuit. The main argument presented in the article is that Turkey, under the rule of the AKP (Justice and Development Party), employs religion for three fundamental reasons: to bolster its regional and global influence, to access regions or groups that are difficult to reach through traditional foreign policy tools and to alter domestic political balances or amass power.


I have known Dr. Lenore Terr professionally and personally for many years. Mostly she has written and presented on Trauma. This book "Magic Moments of Change" shows a different side: the consummate clinician. Dr. Terr trained in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and this book is her and others' way of honouring her mentor, Saul Harrison who died in 2004. She approached a number of child and adolescent psychiatrists, both American and Canadian, to submit vignettes that were pivotal in leading to change in their patients, and to briefly explain how these moments worked. Thirty-three responded with 48 case presentations. She also included moments from the long-term treatment of a "wild child" that she worked with successfully over fifteen years and which serves to pull the book together, giving continuity and illustrating the many points she wishes to make. Her goal was to shed light on the art and science of psychotherapy, focusing on individual therapy and what leads to change on "how psychotherapy turns kids around" (title).


Aerial surveys for flying seabirds were directed up to 18.3 km offshore from Banks Peninsula during February and July-August 1996. The abundance of Hutton'siFluttering Shearwaters (Puffinus huttonilf! gavia) increased offshore, consistent with possible offshore increases in pelagic versus benthic productivity The decrease in abundance offshore of Spottedpied Shags (Stictocarbo punctatus/Phalacrocorax varius), Blackbacked Gulls (Larus dominicanus), White-fronted Terns (Sterna striata), and Red-billed/ Black-billed Gulls Gull (L. novaehollandiaelL. bulleri) probably reflects their commuting to and from breeding and roosting sites. Hutton's/Fluttering Shearwaters and Whitefronted Terns were most common around the area east of Banks Peninsula. The distribution of other species around Banks Peninsula probably reflects breeding site distribution (Spotted Shags), and feeding opportunities on land (Black-backed Gulls). Convergent fronts were distributed around Banks Peninsula, and decreased in number offshore. Internal waves were most common toward the eastern end of Banks Peninsula, and were evenly distributed offshore. While the onshore-offshore distribution of the nonprocellariiform species matched that of convergent fronts, seabirds and individual convergent fronts did not significantly co-occur.


Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is an important and practical tool for network security. To guarantee a precise detection the NIDS must detect packets at a wire speed. However, with the recent trend of high-speed networks, the capability of a single NIDS can not meet the speed's demand, resulting in rising of false negatives. To promote the NIDS performance and efficiency, present studies on IDSs for high-speed network monitoring have begun to choose the distributed architecture as an alterative, first suggested by Christopher Kruegel et al . In such a design, the incoming network traffic is disseminated to a pool of sensors, which process a fraction of the whole traffic, reducing the possibility of packet loss caused by overload.


This paper presents a comparative evaluation of different distance metrics and local planners within the content of probabilistic roadmap methods for motion planning. Both C-space and workspace distance metrics and local planners are considered. The study concentrates on cluttered 3D workspaces, typical of mechanical designs. Our results include recommendations for selecting appropriate combinations of distance metrics and local planners for use in motion planning methods, particularly probabilistic roadmap methods. We find that each local planner makes some connections than none of the others do ndicating that better connected roadmaps will be constructed using multiple local planners. We propose a new local planning method, we call rotate-at-s, that outperforms the common straight-line in C-space method in crowded environments.


We present in this work the temporal evolution of the three-dimensional electron density at global scale during two ionospheric storms (October 18–19, 1995, and January 10, 1997) computed using only actual Global Positioning System data. The tomographic model is solved by means of a Kaiman filtering with a filter updating time of 1 hour in a Sun-fixed reference frame, and with a resolution of 10 × 10 deg in latitude/local time and 100 km in height including also a protonospheric component (eight layers). The data set contains the data from the International GPS Service IGS (with more than 100 ground GPS stations worldwide distributed) and the GPS/MET low orbiting GPS receiver (both positive and negative elevation observations are used). This means for each storm 1,000,000 of delays, 400 occultations and 3000 unknowns per batch. The International Reference Ionosphere and data coming from the ionosonde of the Ebre observatory are used to show the reliability of the results.


The goal of this study is to determine the evolution of work productivity research in Indonesia. This study sample consists of publications published in 15 reputable national journals between 2008 - 2019. The sample consists of 20 publications discussing work productivity. The technique employed is the field mapping technique proposed by (Hesford et al., 2007). This study categorizes papers according to their subjects, research methodologies, and research sectors. The findings suggest that the dependent variable with the most research is the work productivity variable, whereas the independent variable with the most research is the work motivation variable. Quantitative research methods are the most popular, and the majority of research is undertaken in the private sector.


With a total population of over a billion people, China requires vast supplies of energy for industrial and economic development. Indeed, in absolute terms, the country ranks third to the United States and the former Soviet Union as a producer and consumer of energy resources. Nevertheless, its per capita energy consumption remains extremely low even for a developing country.


Based on a survey,which includs questionnaires,dialogues with general managers and small meetings,of the pilot small loan companies in Ningbo city,this paper analyses the funding source,the internal business and the related issues of small loan companies.The results show that small loan companies lead private capital to legal channels.The business operations of small loan companies are in good conditions and have solved farmers' and micro-enterprises' financing difficulties.Neverthless,the small loan companies have obviously encountered financial bottlenecks.Their funding sources are very limited and the main sources are their own funds,so they develop slowly.The paper proposes that small loan companies should raise their funding ratio, increase follow-up funds,establish credit rating systems,improve risk managements,pay attention to the loans of the"three rural"and the SME loans and ultimately,turn themselves into pure financial institutions,so as to achieve sustainable development.


Anstis, S.M., Mayhew, J.W., & Morley, T. (1969). The perception of where a face or television 'portrait' is looking. American Journal of Psychology, 82, 474-489 Cline, M. (1967). Perception of where a person is looking. American Journal of Psychology, 80, 41-50 Gibson, J., & Pick, A. (1963). Perception of Another Person's Looking Behavior. American Journal of Psychology, 76, 386-394 Pusch, M., & Loomis, J.M. (2001). Judging another person's facing direction using peripheral vision [Abstract]. Journal of Vision, 1(3), 288a Four different lookers were digitally photographed with multiple eye gaze directions, ranging from -30° to +30° in increments of 5°, where 0° eye gaze was straight at the camera (see Figure 1 below). To ensure accurate gaze stimuli, the lookers were instructed to fixate a horizontal bar, marked in the correct angular locations.


Autonomic nervous system dysfunction is a common complication of stroke. Human studies and experimental data showed a hemispheric lateralization of autonomic activity concerning the forebrain and particularly the insular cortex. Insular cortex involvement is associated with more pronounced autonomic imbalance leading to life threatening arrhythmias and sudden death. We present two case reports of insular infarction in young patients without any cardiac comorbidity, illustrating a specific lateralized function of insula and its influence on the sympatho-vagal balance that implied differentiated therapeutic management after stroke. The right insular stroke was associated to sympathetic activation and left insular stroke was associated to parasympathetic predominance. The same lateralization of autonomic function with opposite effects on sympatho-vagal balance was also reported in two insular epilepsy cases, illustrating the fact that, beyond the controlling network, the cortical modulation of the autonomic nervous system is asymmetric. Identifying high risk patients prone to develop neurogenic cardiac complications, by better understanding of dysautonomia pathophysiology and consequent implementation of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions may significantly reduce mortality rate in stroke and epilepsy.


A perturbation theory for scattering from three-dimensional perfectly conducting rough surfaces is presented. From a mathematical lemma, the scattered field is represented by an entire series in terms of the mean square height, all the coefficients of these series being calculated rigorously by an iterative process. Thus, the method can be considered as a rigorous one, at least when the entire series converges. Numerical results are given for finite gratings, Gaussian deformations and random rough surfaces.


Self-report questionnaires are used here to measure adolescents' percep tion of their parents along the dimensions of warmth and control and their perception of self. The sample consists of 208 Puerto Rican youths ranging in age from thirteen to nineteen years. As predicted from parental ac ceptance-rejection theory, results show a significant correlation between perceived parental warmth and reported self-esteem and self-adequacy. Contrary to expectations, the data do not support the hypothesized cur vilinear relation between perceived parental control and reported self-ade quacy. The joint effects of perceived parental warmth and perceived parental control turn out to be a better predictor of self-adequacy than either perceived parental warmth or perceived parental control alone.


It is a complex process of Tao Yuanming's formation of spiritual world and his thought.His path,including his family background,education,social environment,a variety of life experiences,etc.,all affect his cultural psychology.Several of his official career and the end of the hermitage is a good interpretation of his cultural psychology.It is helpful for us to study the deep meaning of Tao Yuanming's cultural psychology from the perspective of traditional culture,which is helpful for us to understand the heritage of Chinese traditional culture.And it will promote our quality from the traditional to the modern psychological changes based on the power of culture and thought.


Many countries have been adopting Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme for financing infrastructure as it is considered it will accelerate infrastructure development and ease fiscal constraint. However, worldwide financial crises tighten loan availability in the financial market, whilst demand for PPP funds is growing. Depending on the maturity level, many countries have adopted the rationale on the basis of value for money (VfM) in the PPP assessment. For most ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries, for example, it is still not sufficiently clear how VfM is incorporated in the assessment framework. Bad project preparation was frequently found as one of the foremost impediments in PPP program, apart from financing, institution and regulatory issues. This research will focus on PPP feasibility at preparatory stage. Some existing assessment methods will be reviewed, PPP framework variation amongst countries will be outlined and finally procedure for PPP standard assessment will be proposed.


In motion compensated coding of the NTSC composite video signal using block matching method, the motion vector can be determined either by using the composite signal itself or by using only the luminance component of the composite signal. However the computational requirement and the compression obtained may be quite different in the two cases. This paper provides this comparison using an adaptive variable stage motion search motion compensated coding scheme. It is found that for approximately the same signal to noise power ratio, composite coding requires more computations but also results in higher data compression as compared to coding the composite signal based on luminance component only.


Through qualitative interviews and document analysis, this nationwide study investigated how 25 principals from a sample of public, Catholic, and independent schools with varying financial resources understand the practices they use to support teacher learning. This Spencer grant-funded research illuminates how these leaders understand the challenges (e.g., financial, human) they face in supporting teacher learning and highlights their creative responses to challenges. This paper describes (1) four broad initiatives principals employ to support teacher learning and (2) the developmental principles underlying the practices. This investigation offers insight into another way to accomplish important national goals, illuminates robust practices that can support adults with different learning needs, preferences, and developmental orientations, and points toward a different, learning-oriented way of conceptualizing and exercising leadership in support of teacher development.


Combustion processes and emissions attributes squarely depend on combustion vestibule volume shapes relative to injector jet directions and cone angles. For injectors with more number of holes, these parameters change and may result in enhanced performance. By this we can make the gases to flow in different patterns compared to conventional engine and can anticipate higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and reduced emanations to meet stringent norms. Hence to optimize combustion chamber shapes (CCS) and vary squish, appropriate injection strategies are essential. In this occasion lab probes were conducted on a single cylinder four stroke open or induction swirl diesel engine using corn oil methyl ester (CROME) as fuel. For this variety of CCS were designed and manufactured. Injector with 6 numbers of hole and 0.2 mm orifice size was used to check its effects on the biodiesel powered engine. The suitable engine available was having Hemispherical Bowl Piston (HBP). To probe the effects of other CCS on the performance of diesel engine, Cylindrical Bowl Piston (CBP), Toroidal Bowl Piston (TBP) and Toroidal Re-entrant Bowl Piston (RBP) vestibule volume shapes were manufactured keeping ratio of compression same. For 100% replacement of diesel by biodiesel the injection pressures and injection timings tested were in the range of 210 bar to 250 bar and 19°bTDC to 27°bTDC which are based on our previous research works on other biodiesels. But the performance was maximised for 240 bar and 27°bTDC for all CCS which is reported in this paper. Engine variables such as fuel flow rate, brake power, torque, and temperature of exhaust smoke, combustion variables such as rate of heat release (HRR), peak pressure (PP), ignition delay (ID), combustion duration (CD), and exhaust emissions such as smoke opacity, HC, CO, and NOx, were measured. Results obtained with RBP shape and for CROME with 6 number of hole injector concluded in overall ameliorated competence with lesser emission levels of CO, HC and smoke, but NOx was almost same as that of diesel. Also reduced ID, CD and increased PP resulted in decreased burning time loss (BTL) increasing competence. Hence this research work shows that the CROME is also compatible and capable of replacing diesel in a diesel engine efficiently.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the mechanism of necrosis of avulsion injured skin flap.

METHODS
Six swine were used. An avulsed skin flap and traditional island flap were made on each hind leg of the swine respectively, and the latter was used as control. Then the microvascular casting of each flap was made routinely immediately following the injury and 72 hours later, and the vascular casting were observed under electron microscopic scanning.

RESULTS
There were three characteristic changes in the avulsed skin flap: tearing of blood vessels, formation of complete thrombosis and incomplete thrombosis. If these changes were excessive in the avulsed flap, then the necrosis was the result, otherwise, the flap survived.

CONCLUSION
The necrosis of avulsed flap was related to the type and extent of the damage of microvascular endothelial structure. So the degree of endothelial damage was the keypoint in the viability of avulsed flap.


Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes located at the end of chromosomes. They have an essential role in protecting chromosome ends. Telomerase or ALT (alternative lengthening of telomeres) mechanisms maintain telomeres by compensating natural telomeric loss. We have set up a flow-FISH method and using mouse lymphoma cell lines we identified unexpectedly the presence of subpopulations of cells with different telomere lengths. Subpopulations of cells with different telomere lengths were also observed in a human ALT and non-ALT cell line. Differences in telomere length between subpopulations of cells were significant and we term this phenomenon TELEFLUCS (TElomere LEngth FLUctuations in Cell Subpopulations). By applying flow-FISH we could successfully measure telomere lengths during replicative senescence in human primary fibroblasts with different genetic defects that confer sensitivity to ionising radiation (IR). The results from this study, based on flowFISH and Southern hybridisation measurements, revealed an accelerated rate of telomere shortening in radiosensitive fibroblasts. We also observed accelerated telomere shortening in murine BRCA1 deficient cells, another defect conferring radiosensitivity, in comparison with a BRCA1 proficient cell line. We transiently depleted BRCA1 by siRNAs in two human mammary epithelial cell lines but could not find changes in telomere length in comparison with control cells. Cytological evidence of telomere dysfunction was observed in all radiosensitive cell lines. These results suggest that mechanisms that confer sensitivity to IR may be linked with mechanisms that cause telomere dysfunction. Furthermore, we have been able to show that human ALT positive cell lines show dysfunctional telomeres as detected by either the presence of DSBs at their telomeres or cytogenetic analysis and usually cells with dysfunctional telomeres are sensitive to IR. Finally, we assessed hTERT mRNA splicing variants and telomerase activity in brain tumours, which exhibit considerable chromosome instability suggesting that DNA repair mechanisms may be impaired. We demonstrated that high levels of hTERT mRNAs and telomerase activity correlate with proliferation rate. The presence of hTERT splice variants did not strictly correlate with absence of telomerase activity but hTERT spliced transcripts were observed in some telomerase negative brain tumours suggesting that hTERT splicing may contribute to activation of ALT mechanisms Publications arising from this thesis Cabuy E, Newton C, and Slijepcevic P, Role of BRCA1 in telomere maintenance in mammary epithelial cells and telomere function in ALT cells. In preparation Glaviano A., Nayak V, Cabuy E, Slijepcevic P, Yin Z, Newson R, Rubio M, and Case CP, hTERT partially protects against metal ion induced genomic instability. Submitted Cabuy E, Newton C, Joksic G, Woodbine L, Koller B, Jeggo PA and Slijepcevic P, Accelerated telomere shortening and telomere abnormalities in radiosensitive cell lines. Radiation Research, In press Haines J, Johnson V, Pack K, Suraweera N, Slijepcevic P, Cabuy E, Coster M, Ilyas M, Wilding J, Sieber 0, Bodmer W, Tomlinson I, and Silver A, Genetic basis of variation in adenoma multiplicity in Apc in ApcMu1 Momis mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci 2005: 102: 2868-2873 Cabuy E, Newton C, Roberts T, Newbold R, and Slijepcevic P, Identification of subpopulations of cells with different telomere lengths in mouse and human cell lines by flow FISH. Cytometry 2004; 62A: 150-161 Cabuy E and de Ridder L, Telomerase activity and expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) correlated with cell proliferation in meningiomas and malignant brain tumors in vivo. Virchows Archive (International Journal of Pathology) 2001; 439: 176-184


By comparing the performance indicators of the three different types of TFT‐LCD process technology, low‐temperature polysilicon (LTPS), oxide and amorphous silicon (a‐Si) products, it is found that LTPS, due to its high electron mobility, can meet the future demand for high‐end notebook products, covering the product types of long‐lasting, light and thin business notebooks, high‐brightness and wide frame rate (WFR) gaming notebooks, in which LTPS products have shown obvious advantages. Through the analysis of the existing LTPS technology, the development trend of high‐end notebooks in the next few years is given, including LCM border, power consumption, WFR and in‐cell touch.


Multi-layer mushroom reflectarray with parasitic layers can control capacitance value theoretically using parasitic layers number. This paper studies the frequency characteristics of the Multi-layer mushroom reflectarray with parasitic patches using LC resonant circuit theory. To use the reflectarray for propagation improvement, this paper investigate reflection angle for oblique incidence using reflectarray design theory and measurements in chamber. The results show compared with LC resonant theory, FEM simulation and measurements.


The SERT II spacecraft, launched in 1970, has been maintained in an operational, but intermittent status since 1971. This paper presents the flight results obtained from mid 1979 through December 1980. Near continuous solar power in 1979 and 1980 has enabled long periods of thruster endurance testing. Three of four propellant tanks have been exhausted with no significant change in thruster system operation before being empty. A new plasma mode thrust has been characterized and direct thrust measurements obtained. Other tests, including beam neutralization by various neutralizer sources, give insight to electron conduction across plasmas in space and provide a basis to model neutralization of thruster arrays.


We present in this article a self-calibration method for uncalibrated array of sensors. The proposed algorithm estimates the unknown
sensors gain and phase. The originality of our approach is in the consideration of non circularity of the impinging signals.
We show that this method works even in the case where the number of sources is larger than the number of sensors. Simulation
examples are processed in order to show the behaviour of our algorithm, in terms of convergence speed and estimation accuracy.


THIS STUDY WAS CONDUCTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF STABILIZING AGENTS FOR THE MICACEOUS SOILS FOUND IN THE PIEDMONT REGION. TO THIS END, LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS WITH PORTLAND CEMENT, HYDRATED LIME, AND PHOSPHORIC ACID AS STABILIZING AGENTS WERE CARRIED OUT, AND AN EXPERIMENTAL ROAD WAS CONSTRUCTED. RESULTS FROM THESE INVESTIGATIONS INDICATE THAT PORTLAND CEMENT IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE STABILIZING AGENT AND HYDRATED LIME IS RATED SECOND. FURTHERMORE, THE CEMENT REQUIREMENTS OF THE PIEDMONT SOILS APPEAR TO BE RELATIVELY LOW IN COMPARISON WITH THE AVERAGE VALUES FOR ALL TYPES OF SOIL FROM A WIDE VARIETY OF GEOLOGIC ORIGIN. A SIMPLE METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE CEMENT REQUIREMENT OF A GIVEN SOIL WAS DEVELOPED. IN ADDITION, EFFORTS WERE MADE TO ESTABLISH A MINIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH REQUIREMENT AS THE CRITERION FOR DETERMINING THE ACTUAL CEMENT REQUIREMENTS OF THE PIEDMONT SOILS. IN THIS RESPECT, A TENTATIVE CRITERION OF SPECIFYING 300 PSI AS THE MINIMUM 7-DAY COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH APPEARS TO BE SATISFACTORY IN DESIGNING SOIL-CEMENT BASES FOR SECONDARY ROADS IN SOUTH CAROLINA. THE EXPERIMENTAL ROAD WAS CONSTRUCTED BY THE TYPE OF EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURE THAT CAN BE EXPECTED ON SECONDARY ROAD PROJECTS. AN ANALYSIS OF TEST DATA WAS MADE TO RELATE THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION WITH THE UNIFORMITY AND DEGREE OF MIXING OF THE STABILIZED SOILS. /AUTHOR/


1115 Background: Lapatinib (Tykerb) is a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the intracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor and HER-2, thereby inhibiting both growth and survival signaling pathways. Lapatinib is currently FDA-approved to treat HER-2-positive breast cancer previously treated with anthracycline and taxane therapies and trastuzumab. Due to the low population response rate of lapatinib, an integrated biomarker that can identify patients with an increased likelihood for response would be of great clinical utility. The current study describes an in vitro chemoresponse assay developed to predict sensitivity and resistance of primary cultures of human breast tumor specimens to lapatinib.

METHODS
The chemoresponse assay (ChemoFx) for lapatinib was developed using four different immortalized carcinoma cell lines (SK-OV3, BT474, MDA-MB-231, MCF7). In addition to cell lines, the chemoresponse assay was also performed on 55 first passage primary cultures of human breast carcinomas. All cultures were confirmed to contain keratin-positive epithelial cells using fluorescence immunocytochemistry. Cell lines and specimens were treated with a 10 dose concentration range of lapatinib for 72 hours and stained with DAPI; remaining live cells were counted on an inverted fluorescent imaging system. Resulting dose-response curves were analyzed and categorized as responsive, intermediate responsive, or non-responsive using a proprietary scoring algorithm.

RESULTS
All four cell lines (BT474, MDA-MB-231, MCF7, SK-OV3) were responsive to lapatinib treatment, with EC50 values of approximately 10 uM. Dose-response curves of the 55 primary breast cultures revealed that 9% of the specimens tested were responsive to lapatinib, 15% had an intermediate response, and 76% were non-responsive. These results are consistent with a reported clinical response rate of 10% for lapatinib.

CONCLUSIONS
Initial results with the described integrated cell-based assay demonstrate that in vitro chemoresponse testing may be useful in predicting patient response to lapatinib. This type of in vitro biomarker is likely to increase the efficacy of the current chemotherapy decision-making process for oncologists and their patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Related Diseases (COVID-19) is now one of the most challenging and concerning epidemics, which has been affecting the world so much. After that, countries around the world have been actively developing vaccines to deal with the sudden disease. How to carry out more efficient epidemic prevention has also become a problem of our concern. Unlike traditional SIR disease transmission models, network percolation has unique advantages in disease immune modelling, which makes it closer to reality in the simulation. This article introduces the study of SIR percolation network on infection probabilities of COVID-19, and proposes a method to preventing the spread of disease.


A finite element based model was used to simulate the thermal and mechanical response of a simple geometry TIG welded joint, validated through experiments. TIG welding experiments were carried out ...


It was only in 2004 that the European Union, originally composed of Western European countries, began to include the so-called Eastern European countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary), which had transitioned from socialism to democracy. This was followed by Romania and Bulgaria joining in 2007 and Croatia in 2013. The very nature of the European continent, with its diverse peoples, languages, histories, and cultures, has undoubtedly necessitated policies that recognize, acknowledge, and seek to reduce differences as much as possible, with the ultimate goal of uniting them. In particular, the EU member states, which were originally composed of Western European countries, may have been in dire need of policies to bridge the gap with the countries that underwent communism after World War II, as many of them joined the EU in the 2000s. The policy direction of cultural integration with former communist countries aligns with the general trend of European integration. However, it is being promoted in various ways, taking into consideration the special history and situation of these countries. The goal is to provide opportunities for people to understand each other's history and culture, fostering interactions that contribute to overcoming cultural differences and forming strong bonds. In particular, the former communist countries have an economic gap with existing EU member states due to past political and economic changes. The EU is working to provide economic infrastructure and industrial support to these countries, strengthen cooperation, and promote cultural integration with Western European countries. Such directions and policies continue to be promoted for cultural integration between existing EU member states and former communist countries. Examples of these initiatives include the European Capital of Culture project and the Erasmus Program, which aim to foster cultural understanding and integration among future generations through education, ultimately working towards the goal of European integration. In any case, it is clear that the country of 'Croatia' and the city of 'Rijeka,' which gained independence from the former Yugoslavia in 1991 and were not initially recognized by not only European citizens but also the world, seized the opportunity of the European Capital of Culture 2020 project to establish closer communication and cooperation with Europe and the global community. We expect that they will continue progressing on the path of 'integration' while preserving 'cultural diversity' in the future.


There are about 20 thousand beekeepers caring for approximately 1.8 million colonies in Korea. Honey production totaled almost 27 thousands M/T in 2012. However, most of the beekeepers are suffering from nosema disease in Korea. Nosema infection is considered to be a very important disease of adult honeybees, for it can significantly reduce yields of honey and pollen production. The antibiotic fumagillin derived from the fungus Aspergillus fumigates has been used to treat the nosema disease. However, Korean beekeepers fear its use because of the risk of honey contamination caused by fumagillin. So the research was focused on evaluating the potential of medicinal mushrooms such as Cordyceps, Ganoderma, Phellinus and Versicolor for the control of nosema disease in honeybees. The results showed that Cordyceps militaris extract (CME) and Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) had a noticeable decrease in the number of spores infecting the honey bee intestines in 4 months field test, without negative effects for adults and comb health. Therefore we came to the conclusion that if CME or GLE is according to the dosage, They could be useful in prevention and reduction of nosema disease without risks of honey contamination with antibiotics.


The aim of this thesis was to examine whether unpleasant odors disturb cognitive task performance. At first glance, it seems intuitive that for example the smell of fire smoke would immediately interrupt my current writing at the computer. However, the same aim has been addressed in earlier investigations but outcomes were inconsistent, some reporting improvement by odors, some impairment. The basic assumption of this thesis is that former inconsistencies were due to the use of different odorants, the use of different tasks, or the general weakness of examining only behavioral performance. The empirical studies performed for this thesis improved all three points: First, by comparing performance during inhalation of three different concentrations (low, middle, high) of one odorant in the same individual (human volunteers), second, by choice of a task that was assumed especially sensitivity for olfactory distraction and third, by measuring brain activation in addition to behavioral performance. All studies were performed with a special focus on workplace relevance, since unpleasant odors likely occur at industrial workplaces and distraction from demanding work tasks could endanger workers' health. Three substances with workplace relevance were selected. Cyclohexylamine showed strongest and most unpleasant chemosensory effects and was therefore expected to cause stronger distraction than the moderate propionic acid. The neurotoxin ethyl acetate was examined for subtle indication of neurotoxicity. Performance in the cognitive task of response inhibition, which has been shown to interfere with emotional context, was observed on the behavioral (accuracy and speed) and brain level. Encephalography (EEG) was recorded, and well-described EEG curve components were analyzed, which were known to represent response inhibition. Despite controlled study design and task selection the three studies did not present consistent results. Only propionic acid exposure evoked behavioral and EEG findings that both indicated exposure related impairment of response inhibition. The other assumptions could not be confirmed. One new finding was, that exposure to varying (but lower) exposure levels caused a distinct modulation of the EEG curve. This implicated that olfactory mediated distraction might be determined by other characteristics than odorant intensity or pleasantness. It can be concluded that EEG implementation to occupational human inhalation exposures was successful and that the method could help to advance understanding of the field. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS I. Hey K, Juran S, Schäper M, Kleinbeck S, Kiesswetter E, Blaszkewicz M, Golka K, Brüning T, van Thriel C (2009). Neurobehavioral effects during exposures to propionic acid An indicator of chemosensory distraction? NeuroToxicology, 30, 1223-1232. II. Juran S, van Thriel C, Kleinbeck S, Schäper M, Falkenstein M, Iregren A, Johanson G (2009). Neurobehavioral performance in human volunteers during inhalation exposure to the unpleasant local irritant cyclohexylamine. NeuroToxicology, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2012.06.014. III. Juran S, van Thriel C, Kleinbeck S, Schäper M, Falkenstein M, Iregren A, Johanson G (submitted). Electrophysiological correlates of impaired response inhibition during human inhalation exposure to propionic acid. IV. Juran S, van Thriel C, Kleinbeck S, Schäper M, Falkenstein M, Iregren A, Johanson G (Manuscript). Is smelly different from toxic? An ERP study in human volunteers during inhalation exposure to cyclohexylamine and ethyl acetate.


The synthesis of N-substituted 1,7,7-trimethyl-2-piperidinobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene 3 carboxamides (II) by reaction of 1,7,7-trimethyl-2-piperidinobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (I) with alkyl and aryl isocyanates, as well as the alkaline hydrolysis of (II) to N-substituted 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one 3 carboxamides (III), are described. A number of compounds (II) and (III) showed strong hypotensive and bradycardiac activities in rats, as well as weak infiltration anesthesia and antiarrhythmic activity in mice. Antiacetylcholine activity in vitro is also reported.


Tests have been carried out by Roads and Traffic Authority, NSW (RTA) to investigate different factors affecting the reliability of steel/concrete bolted connections. Factors investigated were tightening sequence for fastener groups, use of lubricants, fastener surface finish and tensioning in stages. Samples tested were ferule-anchored fasteners used for bridge deck expansion joints. Individual load cells were used to measure the preloads in the fasteners. This paper discusses the variability of fastener preloads due to different factors and makes design and construction recommendations for connections of this type.


The Adult Learning Model of Faculty Development draws from the research, theory and practice of adult learning and adult education program planning. This new model recognizes faculty as adult learners and faculty development as adult education. It offers strategies for effective initia-


The conversion coating formed by immersion in a solution containing cerium salt on ZM5 magnesium alloy was studied and the corrosion resistance was evaluated as well. These micrographs of specimen surface were investigated by metallographic microscope. The corrosion behaviors of ZM5 magnesium alloy and conversion coating were assessed by means of potentiodynamic polarization curves and immersion tests. The experimental results indicated that a yellow-brown conversion coating was formed subsequently on the specimen surface. The results of electrochemical measurements and immersion tests revealed that the cerium conversion coating possessed better corrosion resistance than the substrate. In this study, cerium conversion coatings formed on ZM5 magnesium alloy were characterized and the formation mechanism was discussed.


Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a fatal disorder of infancy resulting from homozygous mutations in cytolytic pathway proteins [MUNC13-4, RAB27A, PRF1, STX11, STXBP2]. Secondary HLH, or macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), results beyond infancy from rheumatologic, infectious, and oncologic conditions. We screened 21 children with MAS and identified 13 with mutations in 1 of the HLH genes. Three mutations [RAB27A (A87P), PRF1 (A91V), STXBP2 (A433V)] were studied for their effect on NK cell lytic activity. Lentiviral expression vectors were generated with wild-type (WT) or specific gene mutations, sequenced, and introduced into NK-92 cells. Transduction of WT RAB27A into NK-92 had no effect on cytolysis of K562 cells, whereas the mutation decreased cytolytic activity by ~50%. Both the PRF1 and STXBP2 mutants inhibited cytolysis to lesser degrees. The RAB27A mutant, but not the PRF1 or STXBP2 mutants, inhibited degranulation (diminished CD107a upregulation). All 3 mutants had no effect on intracellular perforin or granzyme B levels, or on conjugate formation with target cells. Confocal microscopy revealed the RAB27A mutant disrupted granzyme B polarization to the immunologic synapse. The data suggests single copy HLH gene mutations can partially disrupt cytolytic activity via a dominant negative effect, thus, blurring the genetic distinction between HLH and MAS.


ideologies and beliefs towards female employment, in combination with socio-economic factors, shape individuals' perception of state's responsibility for childcare. The chapter by Marco Albertini, which analyses cross-national patterns of informal care in LTC, provides a counter-intuitive and therefore highly interesting finding that increasing generosity of the welfare state does not crowd out family solidarity. His chapter also nicely rounds up the first part of the book; it concludes analysis of the state-market-family triangle of care and highlights one of the book's re-emerging findings – the difficulty to straightforwardly fit emerging care patterns into the existing welfare state or care typologies. In this respect, the first part of the book offers a perfect lead-in to the second part, which contains seven chapters, each of which is an in-depth study of LTC and/or ECEC policies of one of the countries in focus of the book. Like in the first part, the chapters are clearly structured and read well, but in my view, the book would gain in coherency if some of the chapters from the second part of the book were better integrated into the analytical and theoretical framework laid out in the first. Hence, while August Österle's chapter, which looks at Austria's LTC, is a perfect empirical and theoretical complement to van Hooren's cross-national analysis of migrant care work, the chapter on ECEC in Germany by Pia S. Schoberg, albeit analytical, is mainly descriptive and therefore, from a theoretical point of view, less integrated with the rest of the book. Similarly, Rostgaard's analysis of Danish LTC and ECEC arrangements is strongly anchored in the ideational approach, and is therefore a refined version of the ideational argument laid out in chapter 1, while Isabel Shutes' chapter on migrant workers in England's LTC, despite its empirical breadth, lacks stronger links with the book's theoretical framework. These drawbacks of the book's second part are nevertheless partly counterbalanced in the last chapter, in which León summarizes the main findings of the book, elegantly linking together different analyses in a theoretically grounded comparative perspective of policy change in LTC and ECEC across Europe.


Inspired by a proposal by Lee Buchheit and Mitu Gulati to try to help improve the debt tribulations currently afflicting Greece, and assisted by a serendipitous find (I was rather looking for ancient pari passu clauses in sovereign debt documentation; which I found), I analyze a historical case of gaining the favour of private creditors to a sovereign entity through the voluntary subordination of an official sector creditor to said sovereign debtor. In the early 19th century, Edinburgh was in financial distress owing lots of money to both private and public lenders and having troubles meeting those obligations. Obtaining further new funding was of the essence. A debt restructuring that would be both tough and amicable on creditors was thus required. After long and fruitless negotiations, the key to an agreement came from the UK Government, who agreed to grant the creditors preferred senior rights over certain revenues and properties backing secured claims on the city. Such voluntary governmental subordination did the trick. Thus, we see that the notion of enticing creditors into the desired actions through the sweetener of super senior status was already appreciated and put in practice almost two centuries before Greece embarked on its latest debt odyssey.


We study the interactive sum choice number, a game coloring parameter introduced by Bonamy and Meeks, and obtain a recursive formula for the interactive sum choice number of forests. This formula coincides with a formula for the slow coloring cost of forests, a parameter introduced by Mahoney, Puleo, and West, and shows that these parameters are equal on forests. This answers a question of Bonamy and Meeks.


IgA deficiency (IgA‐D) has been associated with the HLA region, in particular with the North European haplotype HLA‐A1, ‐B8, ‐DR3, but the exact location of the susceptibility gene(s) is unknown. Some reports suggest that a susceptibility gene is encoded in the class II region, while others implicate the class III region. We exploited differences between the common Sardinian and North European HLA‐DR3 haplotypes to help localize the IgA‐D susceptibility gene(s). With the knowledge that approximately 13% of HLA‐DR3 homozygous individuals of North European origin are IgA‐D, we examined 43 HLA‐DR3 homozygous Sardinians to find that all had normal serum IgA, IgG and IgM levels. A detailed analysis of their MHC haplotypes indicated a common Sardinian HLA‐DR3 haplotype TAP1A, TAP2A, HLA‐DQB1*0201, ‐DQA1*0501, ‐DRB1*0301, LH1‐(Z  +  2), D3A‐(Z  +  2), C4B‐0, C4A‐L, G11‐15, Bf‐0.4, C2‐a, HSP70‐7.5, 9N3‐(Z  +  10), 82I‐(Z  −  2), TNFα‐9, 62‐(Z  −  20), HLA‐B18, ‐Cw5, ‐A30 which diverges from the common North European HLA‐DR3 haplotype telomeric to the HLA‐DR region. In parallel studies of five Sardinians with IgA‐D, two of the 10 HLA haplotypes (20%) contained HLA‐DR3, a frequency similar to that observed in the background population. One of these was the HLA‐DR3‐ B8 North European haplotype, which occurs rarely in Sardinia. Our data favour the hypothesis that a class III region allele, present on the common North European but not on the Sardinian HLA‐DR3 haplotype, confers susceptibility to IgA‐D.


A method and an apparatus for adjusting a first hearing device based on adjustments of a Second hearing device are disclosed. The method comprises the Steps of converting an acoustic test Signal into an electric test Signal by a micro phone of the Second hearing device, of converting an acous tic signal generated by a receiver of the Second hearing device into an electrical Signal, of analyzing the electrical Signal in an analyzing unit, and, finally, of adjusting the first hearing device based on results obtained in the analysis performed in the analyzing unit. By the present invention, an especially Suitable procedure for performing the initial adjustment of a new hearing device is achieved. The method according to the present invention quickly leads to Sponta neous user acceptance of the newly adjusted (i.e. fitted) hearing device, whilst considerably reducing the required fitting effort compared with today's state of the art tech niques.


This study aims to examine the effect of free cash flow on firm value in basic industrial and chemical sector companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange from 2016 to 2018. Sampling using the purposive sampling method, obtained 22 sample companies with a total observation of 66 units of analysis. Secondary data collection method with documentation study technique in the form of annual financial reports which are published on the website www.idx.co.id. The data analysis method in this study is simple linear regression where the results show that free cash flow has a positive and significant effect on firm value.


A new series of N-(3-((4-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)oxetan-3-
yl)amide derivatives (10a-h)were synthesized by the reaction of 3-((4-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-
3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)oxetan-3-amine (8) with various carboxylic acids in the presence of
T3P catalyst. The reaction is usually furnished within 60 min with good isolated yields. Coupling of
6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) nicotinic acid (1) with Weinreb amine hydrochloride gave N-methoxy-Nmethyl-
6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) nicotinamide (2). Compound 3 was synthesized by the Grignard
reaction of compound 2 with methylmagnesium bromide. Bromination of compound 3 with N-bromo
succinamide to obtain 2-bromo-1-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethan-1-one (4), which was
reacted with 2-(3-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)oxetan-3-yl)acetic acid (5) gave 2-oxo-2-(6-(2,2,2-
trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)ethyl 2-(3-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)oxetan-3-yl)acetate (6).
Compound 7 was synthesized by the cyclization of compound 6 with ammonium acetate. Finally,
debenzylation of compound 7 gave 3-((4-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-
yl)methyl)oxetan-3-amine (8). All the synthesized amide compounds were characterized by analytical
spectral techniques, like 1H & 13C NMR and LCMS and also evaluated their antibacterial activity.


The widespread use of Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based early detection (opportunistic PSAbased screening) of prostate cancer (PCa) since the beginning of this century has led to a marked reduction in cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and a simultaneous increase in incidence (1). However, screening also gave rise to an increasing detection of low-risk PCa without immediate need for treatment, resulting in controversial and critical discussions on the usefulness of opportunistic PSA-based screening which continue to the present day (1, 2). The US Preventive Task Force issued a recommendation against PSA screening in 2012, which was revised in 2017 as a consequence of the observed stage shift towards more advanced and metastatic stages resulting from the initial recommendation, in addition to study data supporting the evidence that PSA-based screening results in a significant reduction of CSM (1, 3). Accordingly, it is now indisputable that PSA screening results in a decrease in CSM (by 35% after 18 years of follow-up in the Göteborg arm of the European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer) and a lower incidence rate of metastatic disease stages, but it is also associated with a substantial risk of overdiagnosis (1, 4). Falsepositive findings and resulting eventual complications of prostate biopsy as well as subsequent overtreatment represent potential harm to patients invited for PSA-based screening (5).


Catalytic dehalogenation of 2-chloroadenosine with tritium gas led to tritium labelled adenosine which was subsequently alkylated with (E)-4-t-butoxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl bromide or with 3-methylbut-2-enyl bromide to yield labelled (E)-N6-(4-t-butoxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl)adenosine (2a) and N6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)adenosine (2b). Acidic hydrolysis of 2b gave N6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)adenine while acidolysis of 2a with trifluoroacetic acid led to a mixture of (E)-zeatin riboside and (E)-zeatin. Hydrogenation of (Z/E)-zeatin riboside (3H2, PdO/BaSO4) afforded labelled dihydrozeatin riboside and, after hydrolysis, dihydrozeatin. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We recently reported a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system for the analysis of the dephosphorylation of a 5-carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-labeled phosphopeptide by using a Phos-tag (1,3-bis[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]propan-2-olato dizinc(II) complex) derivative attached to a (7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-yl)acetic acid (AMCA) moiety. This FRET system is based on the principle that the Phos-tag captures the phosphopeptide in preference to its nonphosphorylated counterpart. Binding of the phosphopeptide to the Phos-tag molecule brings the donor AMCA (λex 345 nm) close to the acceptor FAM (λem 520 nm), resulting in an efficient FRET signal. Here we introduce an application of the FRET system to the reverse reaction, phosphorylation of a FAM-labeled peptide substrate by a kinase, such as epidermal growth factor receptor or c-Src, in the presence of 15 mM magnesium(II) ion, 20 μM ATP, and a hydrophilic AMCA-labeled Phos-tag molecule. Furthermore, the inhibition profiles of Abl and c-Src kinases were determined using specific inhibitors, Glivec and c-Src kinase inhibitor I, respectively. The dose-dependent inhibitions of the kinase reactions were determined from real-time changes in the FRET efficiency, which showed IC50 values of 85 nM of Glivec and 0.13 μM of c-Src kinase inhibitor I.


The paper reports results of investigations concerning the influence of saponin extract of quillaja on the food choice and development of Colorado potato beetle. Choice tests with the use of potato leaf discs treated and untreated with tested saponins' extract were made. The influence of the presence of saponins on the food choice and intensity of insect feeding were observed. It was stated that saponins significantly restrain feeding and disturb development of this pest.


Time -related region -wide growth declines or increases due to environmental impacts are not readily detected in rings of young trees because the intrinsic age -related decrease in ring widths is too prominent. Standardization techniques often obscure gradual growth changes due to exogenous factors such as regional atmospheric deposition. The model presented here uses a linear aggregate analysis of ring widths that permits age to be held constant while time varies. Rigorous testing requires tree -ring observations from evenaged stands exhibiting a range of current ages normal for the species and region. With age held constant, the key variable is simply the calendar year to which given rings are dated, a measure of the passage of time. An application of the model is given in which a 36 -year growth decline is identified in 20- to 40- year -old Pinus taeda L. in the southeastern United States.


neoplastic lesions of The polyacetylenes falcarinol (FaOH) and falcarindiol (FaDOH) are found in many food plants of the Apiaceae family [1]. Carrots are a major dietary source of these polyacetylenes. Feeding azoxymethane (AOM)-induced rats with carrots and purified FaOH have previously been shown to inhibit neoplastic transformations in the colon [2]. FaOH and FaDOH have also shown to have a synergistic effect in vitro , resulting in a significant increased cytotoxic activity [3]. Based on these findings the antineoplastic effect of FaOH and FaDOH purified from carrots (purity > 99%) was investigated in the AOM-induced rat model [4]. Twenty rats received rat diet containing 7 μg FaOH per g feed and 7 μg FaDOH per g feed and 20 rats were controls receiving only rat diet. Then carcinogenesis was induced in all 40 rats with the carcinogen AOM. All animals received the designated diet for 2 weeks before AOM induction and continued on the designated diet throughout the experiment. Rats were euthanized 18 weeks after the first AOM injection and macroscopic polyp/cancers were measured, harvested and stained for histology. The number of small ACF clusters was reduced by 26.6% ( P < 0.001), number of large ACF clusters reduced by 56.7% and ( P = 0.027), and finally the number of tumors larger than 3 mm were reduced by 83.3% ( P = 0.032) in treated rats compared to controls.


A wastewater treatment plant is redesigned as an 'infinite mine', from which the residues are used for a structural composite. The goal of the project was to make a construction material of uniform and consistent biomass waste streams, giving an impulse to reindustrializing Parkstad Limburg, former coal mining area in the south of the Netherlands. Moreover the project aim was to design a building made of the composite, illustrating the architectural possibilities of this new construction material.


Endeavor to increase and miniaturization of the output torque, it is possible to improve the durability, to provide a pitch drive device for a wind turbine. Comprising a fixing mechanism 17 for fixing the pinion 16 for output to the output shaft 15. Fixing mechanism 17 includes a positioning portion 36 and the pressurization fixing portion (39a, 39b). Positioning unit 36 positions the other end of the pinion 16 to the output shaft 15 side. Pressurized stationary part (39a, 39 b) is biased along the direction of the axis P of the output shaft 15 of the pinion 16 from one end to the output shaft 15, the output in the state that caused the pressurization to the pinion 16 It is fixed to the shaft 15.


: The fuel demand is pinnacle, this can be tackled by electric origin. A renewable source for electric energy is making elegant adaptation in this trendy globe. In forth coming days renewable electric source will be a lofty revolution and it also aids the society. The utility of renewable energy with self-driving technology will be a progressive novelty & Eco friendly. The competence of e-car is in hike, when paired to the fuel car. The smog is enhancing a drastical issue in this universe, and it has a impact over the sustenance, but it can be winced by this project. The IR sensors are used as an obstacle detector, the IR addresses a wide variety of wireless applications. The IR sensor emits and detects infra-red radiation to sense it surrounding. The basic concept of an IR sensor used as a obstacle detector is to transmit an IR signal. This IR signal bounces from the surface of an object and the signal is received at IR receiver. In the electromagnetic spectrum, the IR protection is divided into 3 regions.


Soil infiltration characteristics and influencing factors of eucalyptus plantation with different rotations and ages in Zhangzhou of Fujian province were studied.The results showed that soil infiltration characteristics of eucalyptus plantation varied with rotations,ages and soil layers.The soil infiltration characteristics of first rotation increased with the increasing of age.For same or similar forest ages,soil infiltration characteristics of the first rotation were higher than that of second rotation.Soil infiltration characteristics decreased with the increasing of soil depth.Among the research sites,the soil infiltration characteristics of the 6 a eucalyptus plantation was the best,the average of its initial infiltration rate,stable infiltration rate,average infiltration rate and the accumulative infiltration amount of the first 75 minutes were 18.82,2.11,2.93 mm/min and 164.08 ml/cm2,respectively.Kostiakov equation simulated the water infiltrating processes very well,the correlation coefficient(R2) was between 0.823 9 and 0.982 1.Soil infiltration characteristics was significantly correlated with soil bulk density,maximum moisture.capacity,non-capillary porosity,total porosity,water holding capacity,invertase,acid phosphatase and catalase.Soil organic matter,hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus was also significantly correlated with the Soil infiltration characteristics.The scores of soil infiltration characteristics obtained by multiple attribute method and principal component analysis were in the following order: 0.3 a1 a2 a3 a4 a6 a,and 4 a(second rotation)4 a7 a(second rotation)6 a.


This study investigates the effect of profitability ratios and market value ratios on the market capitalization for Jordanian listed commercial banks. Data for Jordanian commercial banks for the years from 2010 up to 2016 were used. Market capitalization was measured by the number of its subscribed shares multiplied by its market Closing Price per share as the dependent variable. The independent variables of the study were Return on Equity and Return on Assets as measures profitability. and Earning Per Share, Price Earnings Ratio, and Dividend Payout Ratio as measures of market value. The results of the study revealed that return on equity and dividend payout ratio are the most influencing factors in determining market capitalization of the selected commercial banks during the study period.


Ozonated and chlorinated drinking water produced by a surface water treatment plant was examined to determine if genotoxins were formed by the treatment process The examined technology included ozonation (oxidation) and chlorination (disinfection), but excluded granular activated carbon or slow sand filtration following the ozonation step Investigations involved cytogenetic assays, chromosomal aberration, and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analyses of 70-h human peripheral lymphocyte cultures treated with water isolates obtained on XAD resins Neutral XAD 2/4, XAD-8, and acidic XAD-2/4–8 fractions were tested separately in 1-, 10-, 20-μl/ml concentrations of the 7,000-fold isolates without metabolic activation A weak but significant (p < 0.05) SCE-inducing activity could be detected only upon treatment with the neutral XAD-2/4 fraction Clastogenicity and mitotic inhibition were not observed in the given concentration range


The vector space model (VSM) is an algebraic model that is widely used for data representation in text mining applications. However, the VSM poses a critical challenge, as it requires a high-dimensional feature space. Therefore, many feature selection techniques, such as employing roots or stems (i.e. words without infixes and prefixes, and/or suffixes) instead of using complete word forms, are proposed to tackle this space challenge problem. Recently, the literature shows that one more basic unit feature can be used to handle the textual features, which is the twoneighboring character form that we call microword. To evaluate this feature type, we measure the accuracy of the Arabic text clustering using two feature types: the complete word form and the microword form. Hence, the microword is two consecutive characters which are also known as the Bigram character feature. In the experiment, the principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the feature vector dimensions while the k-means algorithm is used for the clustering purposes. The testing set includes 250 documents of five categories. The entire corpus contains 54,472 words, whereas the vocabulary contains 13,356 unique words. The experimental results show that the complete word form score accuracy is 97.2% while the two-character form score is 96.8%. In conclusion, the accuracies are almost the same; however, the two-character form uses a smaller vocabulary as well as less PCA subspaces. The study experiments might be a significant indication of the necessity to consider the Bigram character feature in the future text processing and natural language processing applications.


In the burlling method for handling the waste water of cephalexin production,the COD was decreased to 3%,and the TOC to 1%.After burning,the condensatecould be reburnt,and carbon dioxide was vented or absorbed.There was no secon-dary pollution.


Within software product lines, customers may have different quality needs. To produce products with purposefully different quality attributes, several challenges must be addressed. First, one must be able to distinguish product quality attributes to the customers in a meaningful way. Second, one must create the desired quality attribute differences during product-line architecture design and derivation. To study how performance is varied purposefully in software product lines, we conducted a comparison and re-analysis of two industrial case studies in the telecommunication and mobile game domains. The results show that performance variants must be communicated to the customer in a way that links to customer value and her role. When performance or its adaptation are crucial for the customer, performance differences must be explicitly "designed in" with software or hardware means. Due to the emergent nature of performance, it is important to test performance and manage how other variability affects performance.


In this paper, a backstepping and sliding mode control-based (BSMC) current control scheme, including both the current control strategy and the control law for three-phase voltage source rectifier (VSR) under unbalanced input voltage conditions is proposed. This scheme takes advantage of the robustness nature of SMC and the systematic design procedure of backstepping, so that satisfactory performance and system robustness can be obtained at the same time. A dual current control structure is adopted to regulate the positive and negative sequence currents in their respective synchronous reference frames. A current control strategy with negative sequence current compensation is adopted to eliminate dc link voltage ripples and ensure sinusoidal ac current. Through instantaneous power flow analysis, relative current references for VSR under unbalanced input voltage conditions are derived. Theoretical analysis is performed and proofs are provided where necessary. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed BSMC current control scheme.


Predicting where and when space weather events such as solar flares and X-rays bursts are likely to occur in a specific area of interest constitutes a significant challenge in space weather research. Space weather scientists are, therefore, gradually exploring multivariate data analysis techniques from the fields of data mining or machine learning in order to approximate future occurrences of space weather events from past distribution patterns. As solar flares emit extreme ultraviolet and X-ray radiation, which leads to ionization effect in different layers of the ionosphere, most recent works related to solar flare predictions using machine learning (ML) techniques, focused on X-ray time series predictions. Here, we suggest using support vector machine for classifying subdaily and diurnal total electron content (TEC) spatial changes prior to solar flare events, in order to assess the possibility of predicting B, C, M, and X-class solar flare events. This is done as opposed to predicting TEC time series using ML techniques. The predictions are estimated up to three days before each tested class events, along with different skill scores such as precision, recall, Heidke skill score (HSS), accuracy, and true skill statistics. The results indicate that the suggested approach has the ability to predict solar flare events of X and M-class 24 h prior to their occurrence with 91% and 76% HSS skill scores, respectively, which improves over most recent related works. However, for the small-size C and B-class flares, the suggested approach does not succeed in producing similar promising results.


A unit step equation is proposed that when differentiated by elementary calculus yields the impulse function and when the resulting impulse function equation is integrated by elementary calculus yields the proposed unit step equation. Using these two equations, a two stage methodology is presented for the simplification of the solution of problems involving the impulse function.