Art Definition, History, Movements, Types, Collections, Artists. Main a-z index. Harmony Squares With Concentric Rings (1913) By Wassily Kandinsky a pioneer of Non-Objective art. Black Circle (1913) Kasimir Malevich. State Russian Museum, St Petersburg. Unlike Geometric Abstraction, which is almost anti-nature, intuitional abstraction often evokes nature, but in less representational ways. Two important sources for this type of abstract art are: Organic Abstraction (also called Biomorphic abstraction) and Surrealism. Arguably, the most celebrated painter specializing in this type of art was the Russian-born Mark Rothko see: Mark Rothko's Paintings (1938-70). Abstract Painting Nature. Artist : Peggy Davis. Abstract Painting Flower Nature. Artist : Agatha Hutton. Abstract Painting The Residence. Abstract Art Paintings Walk Alone in Autumn. Imaginative Abstract Painting. Art Abstract Painting. The City Abstract Painting. Abstract Painting Pictures. Abstract art uses visual language of shape, form, color and line to create a composition which may exist with a degree of independence from visual references in the world. Western art had been, from the Renaissance up to the middle of the 19th century, underpinned by the logic of perspective and an attempt to reproduce an illusion of visible reality. By the end of the 19th century many artists felt a need to create a new kind of art which would encompass the fundamental changes taking place in Nature of Abstract Art Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. by Meyer Schapiro. Before there was an art of abstract painting, it was already widely believed that the value of a picture was a matter of colors and shapes alone. Music and architecture were constantly held up to painters as examples of a pure art which did not have to imitate objects but derived its effects from elements peculiar to itself. But such ideas could not be readily accepted, since no one had yet seen a painting made up of colors and shapes, representing nothing. Abstract art has been around for well over 100 years. Some might even assert that abstraction started with the cave paintings of thousands of years ago—and has held its own against changing art movements, manifestos and testimonials for all these centuries. Abstract Art. The definition. Abstraction literally means the distancing of an idea from objective referents. That means, in the visual arts, pulling a depiction away from any literal, representational reference points. You can also call abstract art nonrepresentational art. The Highlights. The first signs. The prominent use of abstraction has allowed me to distill and better communicate my emotions and ideas about life, nature and our respective place within it.† — Nicholas Wilton. A personal point of


ABSTRACT Social-networking sites (SNS) such as Facebook and Twitter are growing in both popularity and number of users. For advertisers and the sites themselves, it is crucial that users accept advertising as a component of the SNS. Anecdotal evidence indicates that social-networking advertising (SNA) can be effective when users accept it, but the perception of excessive commercialization may lead to user abandonment. Empirical support for these propositions, however, is lacking. Based on media uses and gratification theory, the authors propose and empirically test a model of content-related, structural, and socialization factors that affect users' attitudes toward SNA.


Songs of Chinese specific are a genre that possesses both the characteristics of "easy composing,easy singing" musical quality and "appreciatable without lyric" literary feature in modern pop music world.This article aims to investigate the lyric of Chinese specific composed by Chinese famous music composer FANG Wenshan,and resorting to the traditional knowledge on "elementary" phonology,using the normative and textual research methods.On the basis of comprehensive and detailed understanding of the know-how and tactics required in the process of composing and rhyming,this article places great importance on the phonological beauty and article elegance in the lyrics of Chinese specific songs composed by FANG Wenshan.


The present invention relates to a Bluetooth connection device and method for a portable terminal, and selecting the closest Bluetooth device by measuring the Bluetooth connection quality or a received signal strength of the Bluetooth connection event occurs connections available Bluetooth devices in a portable terminal have a Bluetooth connectable closest necessary because the connection with a Bluetooth device to determine the pyogimyeong Bluetooth device has the effect that the connection is to be provided to the user for convenience. Bluetooth (BLUETOOTH), a Bluetooth search, (Host Cotroller Interface) HCI


A modification of the collinear evolution equations as an appropriate approach to improve the behavior of parton distribution functions in the region of small longitudinal momentum fractions, and to find more theoretical arguments to clarify the possible appearence of saturation regime is suggested. It is argued that parton diffusion in the rapidity space at large parton densities along the space-time evolution could result in the emergence of a natural saturation scale on which freezing actually occurs.


This is an adapted version of an address given at the WELS Christian Worship seminar at Calvary Lutheran Church, Thiensville, WI, on July 15, 1994. Charles Cortright is a professor at Northwestern College, Watertown, WI.


Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of six board games to teach food and nutrition, personal hygiene and physical activity in children of elementary s...


Continued the environmental pollution restricts the city's sustainable and healthy development in the future. The public goods characteristics of urban environment need a lot of funds for environmental governance from local finance, so improving the efficiency of fiscal expenditure of environmental governance is an important way to solve the current lack of financial investment. This paper evaluates the fiscal expenditure efficiency of environmental governance in local cities in China and empirically examines the environmental variables that affect the efficiency of fiscal expenditure. Based on this, it puts forward some policy recommendations to further improve the efficiency of fiscal expenditure in environmental governance. This paper focuses on 15 sub-Provincial cities, which includes cities named Chengdu, Dalian, Guangzhou, Harbin, Hangzhou, Jinan, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Xiamen, Shenzhen Shenyang Wuhan Xi'an and Changchun.The innovation of this paper systematically summarizes the investment efficiency of environmental governance, based on the principle of building evaluation index system, taking the total investment in environmental governance as input index and the performance of environmental governance investment in water, gas and solid control as output, establishing 15 sub-Provincial cities of China environmental governance investment efficiency evaluation index system, based on the DEA method of 15 sub-Provincial cities of China environmental governance investment efficiency evaluation model, and then the environmental governance investment efficiency as the mother factor, the evaluation indicators for environmental governance investment efficiency factors, the use of gray correlation Analysis method to construct the key influencing factor analysis model of 15 sub-Provincial cities of China environmental governance investment efficiency and collect the input-output data of 15 sub-Provincial cities of China, autonomous regions and municipalities through 15 sub-Provincial cities of China Environmental Statistical Yearbook 2017 and 15 sub-Provincial cities of China Statistical Yearbook 2017, Investment efficiency and its key influencing factors confirm that the key factor of control the total amount of environmental governance investment, can effectively improve the efficiency of environmental governance investment. Keywords: Governance Investment, Efficiency assessment, Data envelopment analysis, 15 sub-Provincial cities .


Introduction This research examines driving issues forcing change in international higher education, changes institutions might adopt to adapt to those drivers, new academic policies, and concludes with consideration of the promise and peril the future might hold. The interrelated issues of governance, funding, faculty, technologies, curriculum, and so on, are interwoven throughout section headings, rather than treated as distinct and isolated issues. Adapting to and Adopting Change Adaptation to change may be considered a response to realities imposed by outside environmental forces. Very little choice is involved in adaptation itself; we either adapt, or we cease to be players. We may have freedom of choice in how we adapt (what we choose to adopt), but we are not free from choice itself.


of his maxims was: "It is easy to make money but hard to keep it." By this he meant that sooner or later the earnings made on one security would be lost on another. Personally, Professor Ebersole was taller and heavier than average. He was an impressive figure with light blue eyes and pinkish complexion. Always possessed of a sense of humor, one time when asked how he managed to keep his cheeks so youthful, he replied that he washed his face at every opportunity. Careful in his dress, he was never extravagant. Though he attended conventions and banquets when necessary, he disliked crowds. He liked his old friends best. Indeed, his favorite club was Home and Fireside. Toward the end of his life, Professor Ebersole almost withdrew from academic gatherings. His illness was unconsciously putting a heavy strain upon his energy. Always courteous, he was found to be forgetting engagements. At last, what seemed to be a brain tumor held him home. Gradually he arranged his affairs with the old-time thoroughness, so that when pneumonia set in, he had finished the fight of life. Courtesy, modesty, intellectual honesty, and a playful spirit adorned his life.


The Qinxi silver deposit is located in eastern Fujian Province, South China. It is hosted in the late Jurassic Nanyuan volcanic unit and controlled spatially by structural alteration zone. The origins of the deposit are understood poorly. In this study, systematic field geology, precise sulfide geochronology, and H–O–S–Pb isotope analyses were carried out. The symbiotic minerals and ore assemblages are interpreted as evidence that Qinxi ore is a typical middle to low temperature hydrothermal deposit. Galena and sphalerite from the ore yield a Rb–Sr isochronal age of 130 ± 2.0 Ma (MSWD = 1.7), and single galena samples yield a Rb–Sr isochronal age of 130 ± 7.1 Ma (MSWD = 2) and are evidence that the ore was formed in the early Cretaceous period. The silver-bearing quartz vein has O:H and 18O:16O ratios intermediately between magmatic and meteoric water (δ18 Owater-smow from −2.50‰ to −0.1‰ and δDv-smow from −73.6‰ to −60.7‰). The δ34 S values of metal sulfide are close to the primitive mantle sulfur values (δ34S = −1.7 to 7.1‰, avg. = 0.92‰). The Pb isotopic compositions from the ore are similar to those of the hosted volcanic unit, with a value between the upper crust and mantle isotope composition (206Pb/204Pb = 18.421~18.605, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.580~15.772, 208Pb/204Pb = 38.591~39.183). Lead–zinc sulfides have mature crustal-derived Sr isotopic features ((87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7103). Thus, the metallogenic source materials mainly came from the crust. Moreover, regional geological studies suggest that the Qinxi ore deposit was likely formed in an extensional terrane.


[Objective]The effect of salicylic acid(SA) on cold tolerance of Cinnamomum camphora seedling was studied under low temperature stress in order to provide references for introducing C.camphora to Northern China.[Method]One year old potted C.camphora seedlings were used as test material.After spraying SA in different concentrations,the test materials were treated with low temperature stress(5℃) .The parameters such as conductivity,photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content,activity of antioxidative enzymes,MDA content and soluble sugar content were assayed.[Result]SA was found to reduce chlorophyll degradation,MDA content and plant tissue conductivity,while its application improved the photosynthetic rate and SOD and POD activity.The application of 2 mmol/L SA showed the best effects on C.camphora seedlings,while 5 mmol/L SA had inhibitory effect on the growth of C.camphora seedlings.[Conclusion]It has been concluded that SA in appropriate concentration can slow down the effect of low temperature and support normal growth and development of C.camphora.


Numerical modeling for a sandwich dipole well logging transmitting transducer is conducted in this work. The characteristics for the first-order bending vibration of the sandwich transducer within different fluid loads are numerically analyzed. It is found that the resonant frequency and transmitting voltage response level are affected by the density, acoustic velocity and acoustic impedance of the fluid load. The numerical results were preliminarily validated by our experiment. The numerical analyses may provide useful suggestion for both the simulation design of logging transducer and the acoustic logging applications.


Coastal erosion is a universal problem. Coastal landforms are highly dynamic and modified by natural and man-made processes. To handle coastal erosion, many researchers put much greater emphasis on the assessment of spatial and temporal changes of shoreline using satellite data, but not much attention was focused on the socio-economic condition of those who live in the high risk eroded area. With this recognition, this article explores vulnerability assessment of lifestyle and livelihoods in the high risk eroded area of Odisha state of India, by comparing two coastal fishing communities (high risk eroded area and non-high risk one) and by applying time use approach to collect comprehensive information on human activities. The findings revealed that there were several major differences between the two communities in the time spent on paid work, unpaid work, and social, cultural, and recreational work. Easy access to the ocean was one of the influence factors determining their settlement in the high-risk one while the psychological response to reduce the fear of natural hazards was found. Besides, the wasting time and spending for house maintenance might influence their livelihood assets and reduce development setbacks related to an unprecedented crisis. The lessons learned from the case study imply that the time use research is used to investigate the vulnerability of natural hazards while identifying coping strategies to mitigate disaster risk in high risk erode area, and enhance livelihoods.


The large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel is activated by both the increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and membrane depolarization. The BK channel plays crucial roles as a key molecule in the negative feedback mechanism regulating membrane excitability and cellular Ca2+ in various cell types. Here, we report that a widely used slow-response voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye, bis(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol [DiBAC4(3)], is a potent BK channel activator. The application of DiBAC4(3) at concentrations of 10 nM and higher significantly increased whole-cell BK channel currents in human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing rat BK channel α and β1 subunits (rBKαβ1). In the presence of 300 nM DiBAC4(3), the activation voltage of the BK channel current shifted to the negative direction by approximately 30 mV, but the single-channel conductance was not affected. DiBAC4(3) activated whole-cell rBKαβ1 and rBKαβ4 currents in the same concentration range but partially blocked rBKαβ2 currents. The BK channel α subunit alone and some other types of K+ channels examined were not markedly affected by 1 μM DiBAC4(3). Structure-activity relationship analyses revealed that a set of oxo- and oxoanion-moieties in two 1,3-dialkylbarbituric acids, which are conjugated by oligomethine, is the novel skeleton for the β-subunit-selective BK channel-opening property of DiBAC4(3) and related oxonol compounds. This conjugated structure may be located stereochemically in one plane. These findings provide a molecular and structural basis for understanding the regulatory mechanism of BK channel activity by an auxiliary β subunit and will be fundamental to the development of β-selective BK channel openers.


OBJECTIVE
To make a pharmaceutical comparison between ibuprofen oral drop and ibuprofen tablet.

METHODS
Using ibuprofen oral drop, we observed the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of ibuprofen oral drop on the inflammatory swelling of the rats' toe caused by diagonal carrageenin; its anti-thermic effect on the temperature rising of domestic rabbits caused by endotoxin; and its analgesic effect on mice's pain caused by acetic acid.

RESULTS
Ibuprofen had obvious anti-inflammatory and analgesic functions.

CONCLUSION
Ibuprofen oral drop has the same pesticide effect as that of ibuprofen tablet.


In this paper, a methodology is presented for the identification of the complete mass, damping, and stiffness matrices of a dynamical system using a limited number of time histories of the input excitation and of the response output. Usually, in this type of inverse problems, the common assumption is that the excitation and the response are recorded at a sufficiently large number of locations so that the full-order mass, damping, and stiffness matrices can be estimated. However, in most applications, an incomplete set of recorded time histories is available and this impairs the possibility of a complete identification of a second-order model. In this proposed approach, all the complex eigenvectors are correctly identified at the instrumented locations (either at a sensor or at an actuator location). The remaining eigenvector components are instead obtained through a nonlinear least-squares optimization process that minimizes the output error between the measured and predicted responses at the instrumented locations. The effectiveness of this approach is shown through numerical examples and issues related to its robustness to noise polluted measurements and to uniqueness of the solution are addressed.


Natural potential erosion were defined from their main natural
conditioners in the region of hydrographic basin of Cachoeira
Dourada (between Goias and Minas Gerais states −Brazil), with
geoprocessing techniques and the Universal Soil Loss
Equation (USLE). Upon the decision for natural erosion
potential, a matrix with values of erosivity (R), erodibility (K),
declivity, and ramp length (LS) was elaborated, where classes
of low, medium, high, very high, and extremely high natural
erosion potential (NEP) were established. Spatial distribution
for the factors R, K, LS, and PNE was defined. The highest
average R index for the rainy series was 8173.50 MJ ha mm-1
h-1 year-1. The period with data from 30 years (1973 – 2002)
showed that the reservoir basin displayed areas susceptible
to rill and interill erosion (69.16% of the total). There is a
predominance of low erosion potential among the classes,
which can be explained due to the soil predominant classes
as well as to the low declivity. Areas with medium to extremely
high erosion potential require the adoption of measures to
avoid start and development of more severe erosion processes
(ravines and gullies).


A candidate's sex may affect how accessible elective state judgeships are to women attorneys. Research has offered conflicting findings on the competitiveness of women congressional candidates: Several studies argue that women compete equally with men, while others conclude that women are at a disadvantage. This study draws upon the North Carolina trial court elections and provides one of the few empirical analyses of the women and men who compete in judicial elections. Its findings coincide with both conclusions of the research on women congressional candidates. Although the women candidates in this study were more adept than men at financing their campaigns, they still had to overcome challenges to win seats on the trial court.


Background and purpose:Angiogenesis plays an important part in growth and metastases of breast cancer. Nowadays researchers put more concern about whether endocrine therapy adjusts tumor angiogenesis in breast cancer. Here we investigated the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression in breast cancer in response to various stimuli:estradiol(E2) ,ICI182780 and tamoxifen. Methods:We studied the regulation of VEGFmRNA expression in MCF-7 cells stimulated by E2 at different doses and duration by semiquantitative RT-PCR. When ICI182780 and Tamoxifen used alone or in combination with E2,the expression of VEGFmRNA was detected respectively. Results:Dose-dependent experiments indicated that the maximum VEGF mRNA level(0.125±0.006) -(0.112±0.014) was obtained at 1-10 nmol/L.The response of VEGFmRNA expression to E2(1 nmol/L) occurred in a time-dependent manner;the level of VEGF transcripts(0.105±0.009) signifi cantly increased within 2 h and reached a maximum at 6 h(0.140±0.024)(P0.05) . Although 4-OH-Tamoxifen had a weak agonistic effect on VEGF production(0.061±0.010) at 1 nmol/L in an estrogen-free media,it significantly inhibited E2-stimulated VEGF production(0.070±0.001) at the same level,and ICI182780 can also decrease VEGF expression(0.068±0.001) . Conclusion:The induction of VEGFmRNA expression observed in E2-treated cells suggest that the up-regulation of VEGFmRNA by E2 is primarily caused by gene transcription,and the estrogenic effect is inhibited by treatment with Tamoxifen,which may have an antiangiogenic effect on breast cancer.


We study the zero-temperature equation of state (EOS) of solid 4He in the hexagonal closed packed (hcp) phase over the 0–57 GPa pressure range by means of the diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method and the semi-empirical Aziz pair potential HFD–B(HE). In the low pressure regime (P∼0–1 GPa) we assess excellent agreement with experiments and we give an accurate description of the atomic kinetic energy, Lindemann ratio and Debye temperature over a wide range of molar volumes (22–6 cm3 mol−1). However, on moving to higher pressures our calculated P–V curve presents an increasingly steeper slope, which ultimately provides differences within ∼40% with respect to measurements. In order to account for many-body interactions arising in the crystal with compression which are not reproduced by our model, we perform additional electronic density functional theory (DFT) calculations for correcting the computed DMC energies in a perturbative way. We explore both generalized gradient and local density approximations (GGA and LDA, respectively) for the electronic exchange–correlation potential. By proceeding in this manner, we show that discrepancies with respect to high pressure data are reduced to 5–10% with few extra computational costs. Further comparison between our calculated EOSs and ab initio curves deduced for the perfect crystal and corrected for the zero-point motion of the atoms enforces the reliability of our approach.


Concatenating the state-of-the-art codes at moderate rates with repetition codes has emerged as a practical solution deployed in various standards for ultra-low-power devices such as in Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks. In this paper, we propose a novel concatenation mechanism for such applications which need to operate at very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. In the proposed scheme, the outer code is a hybrid polar code constructed in two stages, one with a binary kernel and another also with a binary kernel but applied over a binary extension field. The inner code is a non-binary multiplicative repetition code. This particular structure inherits low-complexity decoding structures of polar codes while enabling concatenation with an inner non-binary multiplicative repetition scheme. The decoding for the proposed scheme is done using cyclic redundancy check (CRC) aided successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid non-binary repeated polar code provides performance gain compared to a polar-repetition scheme with comparable decoding complexity.


In recent years, optical tweezers have become one of the tools to measure the mechanical properties of living cells. In this study, we first constructed an optical tweezers to investigate the cytoplasmic viscosity of immune cells. In addition to measuring viscosity of cells in a normal condition, we also treated cells with anti-cancer drug, Paclitaxel, and in order to study its effect on the cytoplasmic viscosity. The results showed that the viscosity decreased dramatically during the first 3 h. After 3 h, the change started to slow down and it remained nearly flat by the end of the experiment. In addition, we used the confocal laser scanning microscope to observe the cytoskeleton of the cell after drug treatment for 3 and 5 h, respectively, and found that actin filaments were disrupted and that the nucleus had disintegrated in some drug-treated cells, similar to the process of apoptosis. This study presents a new way for measuring the changes in cytoplasmic viscosity, and to determine if a cell is going into apoptosis as a result of a drug treatment.


Steam Turbine used in power station is a costly system. It is used to drive generators for producing electricity. Periodic monitoring and preventive maintenance is mandatory to minimize heavy loss in terms of time and money. The loss can be sudden breakage of small to large sized mechanical rotating parts due to improper maintenance. There are many methods of identifying the fault that prevails when the turbine is operating. However, monitoring of vibration of rotating parts is very important as the vibration slowly escalates to different mechanical parts leading to failure of components. Many statistical methods, artificial neural network algorithms, evolutionary algorithms have been proposed by earlier researchers especially for bearing fault identification, gas turbine condition monitoring. However, there are very limited publications that discusses about implementation of ANN in condition monitoring of steam turbine. This paper implements Locally weighted projection regression (LWPR) which experimentally recognizes turbine bearings faults. Wavelet coefficients are obtained from the vibration signal and used as feature. The statistical parameters of the wavelet coefficients are used to train the LWPR. The turbine working condition has been categorized as good, satisfactory and bad. RBF with 5 X 7 X 1 topology has been used to classify the conditions of turbine.


Part II starts with a critical area: The prime mover. Other important subjects discussed below are geographic site location, integration or soft costs, value-added features, and the design philosophies of both buyers and specifiers.


Abstract Using the D-Day veteran PS Ryde as an example, this article proposes the application of the provisions in the UK government's Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment, which advocates presumption in favour of preserving heritage assets, to those fixed and immobile vessels of the United Kingdom's National Historic Fleet which, because they have been taken out of the water or have had a change of use, are subject to planning legislation. It proposes that these vessels are a material consideration in the planning process and that local planning authorities could, and probably should, employ the discretionary powers provided by PPS 5 to place responsibility for the care of these vessels on owners. They should require developers to provide evidence in support of planning applications to demonstrate that they fully understand a vessel and that they have made adequate provision for its preservation.


In 2016 we introduced a tool called "Spest// for the automated generation of software tests from formal specifications. That introductory presentation of Spest described its basic functionality and our initial results of using Spest in software engineering courses. Here we describe further experience of using Spest in classes, including qualitative and quantitative analyses of its effectiveness. The analysis consists of a qualitative survey of students/ experience, a quantitative study of the readability of Spest-generated tests, and a quantitative analysis that compares the coverage quality of hand-written student tests with Spest-generated tests. The results of the analyses are mixed. The experience survey finds that a majority of students did not enjoy using Spest nor fully understand how to use it effectively. The results of the readability study show that Spest-generated tests are not as readable for students as tests written by human experts, however the differences in readability are not extreme. Finally, the results of the coverage comparison are good, showing that Spest-generated tests achieve better code coverage than students/ hand-written tests. Given the mixed results, we discuss how we are moving forward to make Spest a more usable and effective tool.


The main problems in experiments of Automatic Control teaching methods were analyzed and the research and several reforms of teaching methods were proposed in this paper.It also addresses the practical teaching in the choice of teaching methods,student learning initiative to foster awareness and innovative theory of the unity of teaching and practical training.


Students' pressures while working on their undergraduate thesis caused psychological impact called stress. The researcher was intended to find out whether any roles of the Qur'an as a guideline for Muslims reducing the stress level. It is a field research with a quantitative experimental approach which used two groups(pre-test- post-test) design with two variables: training of meaning and reading verses of the Qur'an (X) and stress level (Y). The subjects were 12 students divided into 6 students in each of experimental and control group. The experimental group used paired samples t-test and got a p-value of 0,035, p <0,05 means there was a difference of scores between pretest and post-test. The control group obtained a p-value of 0.849, p <0.05 means there was no difference in scores between pretest and post-test. Based on the results of different test analysis using independent samples t-test obtained the p-value of 0.000 is smaller than 0.01 showed that there is a significant difference in stress level between the two groups. The results indicate that the training of meaning and reading of Quranic verses can reduce the stress level of students who are working on an undergraduate thesis in the Islamic Psychology Study Program of the State Islamic University of Antasari Banjarmasin.


This essay gives some sufficient condition on monotonicity and differentiability of continuous function,these condition are more simple than general condition.


j 1 case reports compiled by Bosworth of sarcomata of the soft palate the ; p • time of development is given in only fourteen cases. Of these, the 'v *t* I tumours in ten cases did not exist longer than two years ; in six cases of \ , these ten less than one year. Alveolar sarcoma of the soft palate is jjjf ^ extremely rare. I have been able to find only one case reported. The ' . t patient, reported by Treves, 1 a male, aged sixty-eight years, had thirty| seven years previously a tumour removed from the left side of the soft palate. Eight months previously a tumour again appeared. For three months superficial ulceration existed. The carotid artery was ligated, and the tumour successfully removed. Four years later, no recurrence. It is a well-maintained fact that alveolar sarcoma is, with the possible t t . exception of the melanotic variety, the most malignant sarcoma growth; /.} and yet, strangely enough, the case reported by Treves was cured, and ' I' the case reported by me is still healthy nine months after the operation. These results sustain the doctrine of Butlin, that sarcoma has a tendency to localization. The doctrine is also sustained, so far as it applies to sarcoma of the soft palate, by the fact that in seventy per cent, of the • , t cases reported there was no involvement of the lymphatic system. It is • * interesting to note that the present condition of the patient is excellent. She has gained twenty-two pounds since the operation.


The past decade has seen an increasing concern for the problem of school violence. As a result, school administrators have focused their attention on the development of effective policies and programmes to promote safer schools. While addressing the same mandate of reducing the prevalence and incidence of school violence, however, there may be vast differences in the comprehensiveness of school‐based policies in terms of the range of unacceptable behaviours with which the policies deal and the array of suggested consequences that may be imposed. This study reports the findings of a survey of 126 urban school boards in Canada on the development of violence prevention policies. The results indicate that there is a tremendous amount of activity to understand and come to terms with the issue of school violence and to identify and implement effective solutions. However, there is considerable room for improvement, particularly around the development of a community focus to address the issue of school violence.


An account is given of an investigation of the dimensional properties of a series of plain weft-knitted fabrics produced from open-end-spun yarns. The results are compared with those for similar fabrics knitted from ring-spun yarns. It is shown that fabrics knitted from the two types of yarn possess different properties and particularly that the amount of relaxation shrinkage observed in fabrics knitted from open-end-spun yarns is greater than that which occurs in fabrics knitted from ring-spun yarns. The aesthetic properties of fabrics made from open-end-spun yarns are inferior to those of fabrics made from ring-spun yarns, particularly with regard to a lack of stitch clarity and a somewhat harsher handle, although the latter effect is shown to be apparently unrelated to differences in the frictional properties of the two types of yarn.


The system composed of intelligent control modules for three?phase induction motors is introduced in this paper.This module can conduct starting,reverse braking,and reverse conrtol with current limiting resistance.Besides,it can also detect low voltage,overload,and open circuit of 1 or 2 phases,and do protection according to the detection.It especially fits to the controlling of motors which often do starting,braking and reversing.


The non-aggregational cyclo[6]aramide has demonstrated 2:1 host–guest complexation towards diquat with very strong binding ability (K1 = 5.41 × 104 M− 1, K2 = 4.33 × 106 M− 1). The donor–acceptor binding process of the macrocycle and the quaternary salt was investigated by 1H NMR, ESI mass spectrometry and UV–vis spectroscopy. The binding mode is supported by both experiments and theoretical simulations. This work provides the first example of using recently developed H-bonded aromatic oligoamide macrocycles for binding diquat in solution.


Capsule endoscopy (CE) is aimed at diagnosing disease in areas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract beyond the reach of conventional endoscopy. Recent work has addressed various methods for reducing the complexity of CE diagnosis and the time needed for analyzing the data. This includes detection of lumen and its contractions, fluids such as blood and intestinal juices, as well as extraneous matter such as food and bubbles. This paper outlines our ongoing work to segment lesions (in particular Crohn's disease) and other abnormalities in CE images. In particular, here we describe the data collection and clinical analysis for our project and preliminary results for segmenting abnormal and extraneous images from a set of 10 CE studies.


Author's summary.— An enumeration of certain features which appear desirable for elementary language texts, in the light of recent improvements in approach and method.


Following Janowitz's analysis of current military organization and procedure, a number of potential strains confronting draftee-professionals during their tour of Army duty are noted. By means of participant observation and interviews, a group of drafted professional men was studied with reference to these strains and patterns of response to them. The existence of such strains for the subjects is demonstrated, focussed around discontinuities between membership in the Army and in a civilian profession and around a role set conflict in the soldier-professional role. Responses to these problems are discussed in view of the relative powerlessness of the subjects, the marginality of their civilian professions, and the absence of over-riding national loyalties during the cold war period.


Trace element studies were carried out on nine species of Candida. Out of twenty-three trace elements tested, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu were found to be essential for the growth of all the yeast species whereas the rest of the elements exhibited variable essentiality. All the species of yeasts investigated required different concentrations of trace elements for their optimum growth. Concentrations higher than the optimum have been found to be inhibitory for the growth of all the yeasts studied here.


The conveying system runs a larger risk in the filling production line when it is revolving in high speed, and overturn, breakage and jam in the transporting process severely lower the production capacity and reliability of the conveying system. The main factors that affect the stability for bottle are analyzed, and the techniques that raise the reliability of the conveying system are introduced.


In the Fermionic Molecular Dynamics (FMD) approach many-body wave functions are described by Slater determinants of Gaussian wave-packets localized in phase space. The FMD wave functions can therefore describe shell model configurations and states composed of two clusters on the same footing. It is therefore natural to appl y the FMD approach also to nuclear reactions. In the asymptotic region the reaction partners are well separated and ca be described using basis states built from localized cluste rs in their respective eigenstates. This is essentially the sa me approach as followed in the microscopic cluster model. In the interaction region we will add additional FMD configurations. These configurations will mix with the cluster states and allow us to extract cluster spectroscopic factor s or asymptotic normalization coefficients. As a first application of the FMD approach to low energy nuclear reactions we study the radiative capture reaction He(α,γ)Be. At the low energies relevant for astrophysical scenarious the α-particles are captured from the 1/2, 3/2 and5/2 scattering states into the 3/2− and 1/2− bound states. In a fully microscopic calculation we therefore have to the determine the wave functions of the bound and scattering states with the appropriate boundary conditions. Results for the phase shifts are shown in Fig. 1. For the cross section we have to evaluate the dipole transition matrix elements that are dominated by the exponential tail of the bound state wave functions. The dipole matrix element is therefore strongly dependend on the binding energy relative to the threshold, and the asymptotic normal ization coefficient (ANC). As the cross sections are governed by phase space factors it is essential that the microscopic model has the correct binding energies. The ener-


Two-pion correlations from Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV/c per nucleon are measured by the NA44 experiment at CERN. Multidimensional fits characterize the emission volume, which is found to be larger than in {ital S}-induced collisions. Comparison to the RQMD model is used to relate the fit parameters to the actual emission volume. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}


Systematic studies carried out in the greenhouses of the Botanical Garden - Center for Biological Diversity Conservation of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw-Powsin revealed that the flora of weeds ras very rich there. A total of 243 taxa of vascular plants and 17 species of bryophytes were recorded. With regard to the division of the flora of vascular plants according to species origin and degree of naturalization, it was found that native plants (89 species), greenhouse-escapes (87 species) and permanently established aliens (48 species) co-dominated there. In addition, 10 species of garden-escapes, i.e. plants cultivated in the immediate neighbourhood of greenhouses, were recorded indoors. Noteworthy were two species that had been brought accidentally to the glasshouses together with plant material - this group of plants is least numerous but quite frequent in the study area. Observations made in the vicinity of Powsin greenhouses showed that relationships between the studied flora and the plants growing outside were unilateral. In Powsin no proved example of expansion of greenhouse plants to other parts of the Garden has been recorded. By contrast, influx of diaspores to the study area is observed frequently - the flora of greenhouse weeds is dominated by plants found also in the immediate neighbourhood (147 species). The most important factors affecting the composition of the weed flora of glasshouses include the flora of the surrounding areas and the mode of greenhouse management (e.g. the range of species cultivated there). The diversity of the flora is not related to greenhouse size.


Scheduling and call admission control (CAC) in IEEE 802.16 system play a vital role in the performance of the system. The 802.16 standard does not specify any scheduling architecture or CAC. Many proposals assume a bandwidth based CAC which only provides bandwidth guarantee, but cannot fulfill delay and jitter requirements. In this paper, we propose a CAC that ensures QoS guarantee in terms of bandwidth, delay and jitter. We also present a novel method of estimating bandwidth requirement of variable bit rate application to increase the resource utilization of the system. We present our simulation result to show the effectiveness of bandwidth estimation and better performance over bandwidth based CAC.


Background: Signaling pathways involved in the sensitization by target receptors of β-amyloid-triggered neurotoxicity have not been identified. Results: Exposure to β-amyloid in the presence of nicotinic receptors led to ERK activation followed by JNK activation and increased PHF-tau. Conclusion: β-amyloid neurotoxicity entails activation of discrete intracellular signaling pathways. Significance: Activation of select signaling pathways by β-amyloid may be an early event in Alzheimer disease. Among putative downstream synaptic targets of β-amyloid (Aβ) are signaling molecules involved in synaptic function, memory formation and cognition, such as the MAP kinases, MKPs, CaMKII, CREB, Fyn, and Tau. Here, we assessed the activation and interaction of signaling pathways upon prolonged exposure to Aβ in model nerve cells expressing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Our goal was to characterize the steps underlying sensitization of the nerve cells to neurotoxicity when Aβ-target receptors are present. Of particular focus was the connection of the activated signaling molecules to oxidative stress. Differentiated neuroblastoma cells expressing mouse α4β2-nAChRs were exposed to Aβ1–42 for intervals from 30 min to 3 days. The cells and cell-derived protein extracts were then probed for activation of signaling pathway molecules (ERK, JNK, CaMKII, CREB, MARCKS, Fyn, tau). Our results show substantial, progressive activation of ERK in response to nanomolar Aβ exposure, starting at the earliest time point. Increased ERK activation was followed by JNK activation as well as an increased expression of PHF-tau, paralleled by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The impact of prolonged Aβ on the levels of pERK, pJNK, and ROS was attenuated by MEK-selective and JNK-selective inhibitors. In addition, the MEK inhibitor as well as a JNK inhibitor attenuated Aβ-induced nuclear fragmentation, which followed the changes in ROS levels. These results demonstrate that the presence of nAChRs sensitizes neurons to the neurotoxic action of Aβ through the timed activation of discrete intracellular signaling molecules, suggesting pathways involved in the early stages of Alzheimer disease.


Abstract Thermooptical, wide-angle x-ray diffraction and morphological investigations of blends of isotactic polypropylene with linear polyethylene revealed an increased crystallization rate of the polyethylene blend component, compared to crystallization of polyethylene alone. Crystallization behavior of the polyethylene component was markedly dependent on the blend thermal history and on the circumstances of the polyethylene phase—whether it was disperse or continuous. The higher crystallization rate of the polyethylene component was related to the presence of various types of heterogeneous crystallization nuclei in the blend and to the stabilizing action of the solid polypropylene matrix on minute polyethylene crystallites which survived above melting temperature.


Background. Herpes zoster (HZ) is a disease that mainly causes severe segmental neuralgia and vesicles after infection with herpes zoster virus (VZV). At the same time, more than 9 to 34 percent of patients have postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) present with chronic pain for months or even years. Moxibustion has been used to treat herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia for many years; however, there has been no comprehensive study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of moxibustion in the treatment of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. More studies evaluated the combined effects of acupuncture and moxibustion. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate their efficacy and safety, so as to provide an evidence-based basis for the clinical application of moxibustion in the treatment of HZ and PHN. Method. The literature search was conducted in nine Chinese and English databases, and randomized controlled trials were pooled from their inceptions to June 2020. The included literature was screened, and data were extracted. RevMan 5.3 software and Stata software were used for statistical analysis. The primary outcome was the total effect. The secondary outcomes include VAS, NRS, and time of analgesia. Outcomes. From a total of 1957 identified studies, 31 were included in analysis (N = 2334 cases). 31 RCTs contained the experimental sample of 1185 cases and the control sample of 1149 cases reported efficiency of different moxibustions in the treatment of herpes zoster, statistical heterogeneity inspection without heterogeneity. So, we used the fixed-effects model, merge effect quantity OR = 3.89 (95% CI: 2.88∼5.25), Z = 8.86, and it suggested sample merger analysis was statistically significant. Also, the moxibustion, compared to other methods in the treatment of herpes zoster and herpes zoster neuralgia efficiency, increased significantly. The VAS scales, WMD = 1.69 (95% CI: 1.17∼2.22), and the time of analgesia, WMD = 2.41 (95% CI: 3.26∼1.73), indicated that moxibustion surpassed others in the relief of pain. NRS was just reported in one study. It was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in adverse effects OR = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.33∼1.13), Z = 1.56 (

 P

  = 0.12). Conclusion. Moxibustion has obvious advantages over other therapies in the treatment of HZ and PHN. However, due to the obvious publication bias, the interpretation of the results should be cautious, and more rigorous randomized controlled clinical studies should be included to further confirm the results in the future.


5- to 6-member ring enlargements of 3-oxa-2-silacyclopentylmethyl to 4-oxa-3-silacyclohexyl radicals were investigated by EPR spectroscopy and QM computations of model indano-oxasilacyclopentane and oxasilinanyl compounds. Both experimental and computational evidence favored a mechanism via a concerted 1,2-migration of the "tethered" Si-group. Thus, the "forbidden" 1,2-Si-group migration from carbon to carbon becomes allowed when the Si-group is "tethered". The EPR data from 3-oxa-2-silacyclopentylmethyl radicals disclosed ground state conformations having semioccupied p-orbitals close to antiperiplanar with respect to their β-Si-C bonds, but indicated Si-hyperconjugation (β-silicon effect) was insignificant in radicals. Kinetic data was obtained by the steady state EPR method for ring enlargement of indano-3-oxa-2-silacyclopentylmethyl radicals. The scope of the novel rearrangement in terms of other ring types and sizes, as well as the analogous 1,2-migration of "tethered" C-centered groups, was explored computationally.


The estimated prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea in middle age is 2% for women and 4% for men. Approximately 9% of women and 24% of men aged 30 to 60 have an apnoea / hypopnea index of >5. However, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is undiagnosed in a large section of the population. According to different estimates 80% to 90% of patients with OSA are undiagnosed. Diagnosed OSA patients, as well as undiagnosed patients who may not present with classic signs and symptoms, are at risk for significant post-operative respiratory complications. This relates to all the stages a patient goes through for having an operation – preoperative make-up, general anaesthesia, intubation and extubation, and postoperative analgesia and vigil. Just simple screening for patients with a diagnosis of OSA misses most of the sufferers. Even diagnosed OSA patients, most of the times, fail to get the attention and planned approach needed for their perioperative management, which increases their morbidity and mortality.


s/Résumés British Columbia Regional Meeting, 2014/Réunion régionale de la Colombie-Britannique, 2014 Chemical and gene expression responses to foliar blight attacks in western redcedar. J.A. ALDANA, J.H. RUSSELL AND B.J. HAWKINS. Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3020 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada; and (J.H. R.) British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Range and Natural Resource Operations, P.O. Box 335, Mesachie Lake, BC V0R 2N0, Canada Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don (western redcedar, WRC) is an important tree in British Columbia and is a valuable softwood. WRC is generally less susceptible to pathogenic damage than other coniferous forest associates; however, the species' foliage is highly susceptible to Didymascella thujina (cedar leaf blight, CLB). Cedar leaf blight is of greatest concern in forest nurseries which grow WRC. Studies by the British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Range and Natural Resource Operations have identified quantitative variation in WRC's resistance to CLB, where trees originating from humid/cool ecosystems tend to exhibit fewer disease symptoms than those coming from drier/warmer environments (Russell et al. 2007, Can. J. Forest. Res. 37: 1978–86). Nonetheless, no information exists on the genetic or chemical responses of WRC to CLB. This study aims to identify such responses. One-year-old seedlings from resistant (398, 685, 8182, 8255) and susceptible (525, 583, 8258, 8265) families were assigned to the following experimental treatments in the summer of 2014: natural conditions with and without CLB (in Jordan River, BC), and controlled conditions with and without CLB (in growth chambers at the University of Victoria, BC). Plants from all treatments were sampled at three-day intervals for chemical analyses (terpenes, lignin, carbohydrates, nutrients, total carbon and nitrogen), and those under controlled conditions were also sampled at two-day intervals for gene expression assessments (by RNA-Seq). Currently, the collected samples are being processed at the Analytical Laboratory of the British Columbia Ministry of Environment, and Simon Fraser University, respectively. It is anticipated that these approaches will provide insights into the resistance mechanisms to foliar blight attacks in WRC. Growing in an environment of multiple stressors: survival and tolerance to drought in interior Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) seedlings. E.M. BECKER, M.G. CRUICKSHANK AND R.N. STURROCK. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada The interior Douglas fir (Fdi) variety, (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco var. glauca), is a dominant and highly valued tree that grows more slowly and is better adapted to drought than the coastal variety of the species (var. menzies). These long-lived trees face selective pressures for both growth and stress tolerance and must be able to compete for resources and light as well as being able to withstand decades of exposure to multiple biotic and abiotic stressors. We are characterizing the survival and tolerance responses of Fdi families from four distinct seed breeding zones in BC to multiple stressors, including drought and fungal diseases. We are testing the hypothesis that growth and stress tolerance are linked, and are obtaining insight into the underlying mechanisms of response to drought and diseases. Objectives of the present study were to analyse the survival of Fdi in an environment of drought, and to characterize the responses of Fdi grown in a water-limited environment, compared with in an ideal environment (=tolerance). In this study, trees from the driest breeding zones, SA and WKL, were found to have the highest risk of death by drought, but they were also the breeding zones with the most growth in the driest water stress treatment. These and other results of these experimental trials will increase our knowledge of conifer responses to multiple disease agents, and inform and guide specific breeding strategies Can. J. Plant Pathol., 2015 Vol. 37, No. 2, 242–245, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2015.1027547 © 2015 The Canadian Phytopathological Society for Douglas fir trees. This work also provides a foundation for future genetic studies to associate phenotypic stress responses with their genetic components in the


The double pulsar system J0737 3039A/B, discovered with the Parkes radio telescope in 2003, is one of the most intriguing pulsar findings of the last decade. This binary system, with an orbital period of only 2.4-hr and with the simultaneous presence of two radio pulsed signals, provides a truly unique laboratory for relativistic gravity and plasma physics. Moreover its discovery enhances of almost an order of magnitude the estimate of the merger rate of double neutron stars systems, opening new possibilities for the current generation of gravitational wave detectors. In this contribution we summarise the present results and look at the prospects of future observations. Subject headings: Pulsars – individual: J0737-3039A/B


FIELD: chemical power supplies. SUBSTANCE: lithium cell has set of isolated cathode plates of desired size uniformly arranged on one of separating-layer surfaces to ensure adhesion with the latter and set of isolated anode plates of desired size arranged on other side of separating layer according to arrangement of cathode plates ensuring adhesion to this separating layer surface; separating layer carrying adhered anode and cathode plates is bent many times to provide for alternating positioning of anode and cathode plates. Proposed design enhances fire safety at heavy currents and excess charging voltages; it may be manufactured of any desired shape and rated at any desired capacity. EFFECT: improved performance characteristics; facilitated manufacture. 3 cl, 4 dwg


The present invention relates to novel surface active Condensation products and the methods of preparing them. In U. S. Patent 2,089,212, Kritchevsky disclosed the preparation of new hydrophilic agents by Condensing at least two molecules of an alkylol amine with one molecule of a monobasic organic acid. It has been discovered that the subsequent con densation with the aforementioned agents of one or more additional molecules of an organic acid forms a product of Superor properties for many purposes. In addition the hydrophilic qualities of the product of the two condensations may be improved by a Solubilizing treatment with an acid to form the acid addition product, or with an agent capable of forming a quaternary compound. The novel compositions may be utilized widely as Surface-active agents, emulsifiers and dispers ing agents. Certain of these compounds are use ful in the finishing of fibrous materials, such as textiles, paper and leather. As textile softeners, they not only impart a high degree of softness to fabrics and yarns, but also provide an unsur passed resistance to yellowing of the goods. Other compounds of this new class possess utility as auxiliary agents in the production of viscose rayon, for the addition of relatively minor quanti ties to the spin bath prevents or greatly retards the deposition of foreign matter on the filaments and spinnerets. Sonne users find it advantageous to add the novel compositions to the viscose dope at an earlier stage of the manufacture of rayon. Some of the new products are excellent ingredi ents for the preparation of resin emulsions and in the emulsion polymerization of monomeric sub stances, Various compounds of the type dis closed herein may be employed as detergents, de foamers, anti-static agents, asphalt anti-stripping agents, fat-liquoring emulsifiers, synthetic waxes and the like. An object of the invention is to provide novel condensation products from organic acids and alkylolamines. A Second object of the invention is to provide improved surface-active agents, A third object of the invention is to provide a Series of water-dispersible fatty condensation productS. A fourth object of the invention is to provide an improved textile softener. Other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and in part appear hereinafter. The present invention Comprises a series of new s


An attitude survey was conducted with 72 management majors attending a prestigious business university in Beijing, China. The results indicate that there is still a significant "glass ceiling" effect to accepting women as they climb up the management hierarchy. The group estimated that it would take at least 32 years before equality would be reached. Women were less likely to prefer to work for a woman than for male subjects. Women were described as more incompetent, slower, weaker, more a follower‐than‐a‐leader, more lenient, more democratic, less active, and more friendly than male managers. Women were significantly more in agreement with the idea of being both a professional and a wife. The results reflect a similar attitudinal position to US women. The conclusion is that it will not be easier for Chinese women to succeed than it is for women in theUSA.


This study is a research of customers satisfaction towards counter services quality of SOCSO in Kota Bharu. The independent variables consist of timeliness, friendliness and facilities have been identified in order to investigate whether or not these factors have a relationship with dependent variables which is customer satisfaction. This purpose of this research is to measure the level of customer satisfaction on counter services provided by SOCSO. The customers satisfaction may be affected if any modifications have been made on those independent variables due to their linkage to each other and may influence the counter services of SOCSO. The literature review based on varies journal and articles which are relevant to the research are included to verify and sustain that the research is valid. The result of this research are based on the findings and analysis made using the Statistical Package for Social Science Program (SPSS) and illustrates the verification between dependent variables and independent variables. Conclusions and recommendations are comprehended for SOCSO to develop and improve their performance in the upcoming future.


The Taohe River Basin was generalized and zoned, according to the theory and the methods of hydrology system models and the following two postulates: a difference in distribution of hydrological factors and a synchronism of runoff-producing and runoff-collecting. A hydrology forecast model is put forward for the Minxian section, of which the upper reaches are moisture areas and the lower reaches are arid and semi-aid areas. The verifying coefficient is 0.98 and the qualification rate is 92.8%, determined by a synthesis of history information. While the verifying coefficient is 0.96~0.99 and the qualification rate is 81.8%~93.4%, determined by testing for 1996~2000. The forecasting is accurate and meet to the technology standard of Class A of the People's Republic of China, SL250-2000 《Norm of Hydrological Information and Forecast》. The model possesses some strong points, such as simple configuration and convenient application and perfect precision. So the model possesses an extensive applied foreground in arid and semi-arid areas.


New integrated filters in CMOS technology are presented which use current mirror based amplifiers to create low gain modules as structural active blocks. The simplest current amplifiers are purposely chosen. Wave techniques are used for obtaining high reliability and low sensitivity filters of any type. The derived filters are modular, simple in structure and easy to design. Examples in simulation level are given.


Abstract : In this report an overview is given of the energy sources and their properties which might be implemented in a future soldier system. In chapter 3 the general specifications for the energy source are given. They are based on data from the Royal Netherlands Army and the US Army. From these data it results that a potential energy source has to be able to generate a minimum of 10 W and a maximum of 35 W and to deliver a total of 400 Wh in 24 hours. Little is yet known about the energy consumption of the systems currently under development at the TNO-Defence research institutes. It is clear that the energy consumption of a future system so far has not been a major point of consideration. In chapter 4 a global overview is given of the possible energy sources which might be applied in the future soldier systems. A subdivision has been made between four different energy sources: 1. Systems which store electrical energy. 2. Systems which convert fuel into electrical energy. 3. Human powered systems. 4. Systems powered by external forces. For these four the specific properties, advantages and disadvantages are treated of the available systems. Also the systems which are currently under development and expected to become available in reasonable time are mentioned. An overview of the developments for soldier modernization in the United States. referred to as "The dismounted soldier" is given in Annex A. In chapter 5 a first selection of energy sources which might be applied in the future soldier systems based on the general specifications given in chapter 3, has been made. A subdivision has been made between the short term and long term options. Long term options are expected to become available for large scale consumption only after more than 5 years from now. From this first selection it has turned out that, for the short term batteries are the most viable option.


The organized colonization of Jews from the former Pale of Settlement between the world wars in Crimea and southern Ukraine provides an extraordinary, and unexplored, window onto center-periphery relations in the early Soviet Union. If Lenin and his heirs manufactured a monolithic image in and around the major cities, their voice became progressively fainter as one traveled further afield. In the new Jewish colonies scattered over the steppes of southern Russia, it was often hardly more than a whisper. As other authors have suggested, the Soviet state inherited from the Romanovs neither the resources nor an effective model to administer the vast, multi-ethnic empire effectively. 1 Hence, the new Soviet state lacked the requisite tools for systematic control in the periphery during the first two decades of rule. 2


A smartphone can be configured to look like any Universal Serial Bus (USB) peripheral and can be managed remotely through its wireless data connection. By virtue of these features, smartphones are ideal vehicles for the delivery of a variety of brand-new, USB-powered services that support the management and troubleshooting of mobile laptops. We provide examples of such USB services and describe a general architecture for their implementation. The services are easy to deploy, because they can be extended to remote laptops without prior installation of new software, and well-suited for delivery through virtualization in a cloud infrastructure. While our examples target mostly the enterprise, USB services, especially virtualized ones, can easily be tailored to suit a broad set of consumer applications.


The life time of each technology consists of phases following each other. The phases can be identified by the typical features driving the improvements in a phase. Theoretical and empirical studies on technology management cover a wide variety of different efforts to model these dynamics. The dynamics include features common to all technologies but also features individual to a certain technology only. This paper gives an overview of mathematical models diffusion dynamics. The aim of the paper is to increase understanding of the life cycle analysis of different technologies. Deeper understanding supports better quality of technology management from the managers point of view and increases the predictability of future changes as well as the engineering process in general.


This paper tried to examine the academics' acceptance for the use of Blackboard learning management system using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as an analysis approach. Four factors of TAM namely Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Attitude, Behavior Intention, and Perceived convenience  as an additional factor were used as the evaluation model factors to measure the academics' technology acceptance and a total of six hypotheses were proposed. An online questionnaire was conducted to extract the information from academics of Najran University (NU) and a total of 157 respondents were collected. Our findings illustrated that the five factors mentioned have inter correlated effect to explain the academics' behavior and Perceived convenience was determined as the key factor. Keywords: Blackboard Learning Management System (BbLMS), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Saudi Arabi a.


Recent researches have pointed out the need of studying collective children care environments with an emphasis on the educator's role and its continued interaction with the physical and social environment, its care practice and its psychology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the conceptions about child development and the educators' care practices of a child care institution. Took part in this study 100 educators responsible for the daily care of children refereed to a children care institution who answered the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory. According to their performance on child development 10 educators were selected to be observed in their daily care routine of children, especially in play situation. The results show that most professionals are women (99%), 35 years old or older, who have children, finished high school and have at least 24 months of experience as educator. Besides, it was verified that 66% of the educators answered correctly an average of 66 questions. The personal and family experience as mother or father and educator was demonstrated to be a significant variable for the greater the amount of children and the experience, the grater the level of knowledge on the subject. It was also observed that the level of knowledge on the subject is an equally relevant variable for the quality in the interactions and care offered to the children. It is concluded that in the presence of both conditions the children are benefited for they tend to be more stimulated, oriented and taught in a play environment, such care practices are essential in the promotion of development.


One of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education sector in Indonesia is the closure of schools. To ensure education services continue, the government issued a policy of learning home (Belajar dari Rumah/BDR) through online/distance learning. This paper aims to describe the implementation of the BDR for learning quality. To that aim, we have conducted telephone interviews with school principals and teachers from frontier, outermost and remote regions (3T) and non-3T regions. By looking at demographics perspective, implementation of BDR has six variations are a) learning by interactive virtual classroom b) learning assignment by social media c) learning in teacher's or student's home d) learning by using TV/radio e) learning by 'mouth-to-mouth' messages and f) learning stopped. The variations generate different quality of learning and will produce an increasing education inequality in Indonesia.


In this paper we present two versions of a parallel finger structure FS on p processors that supports searches, insertions and deletions, and has a finger at each end. This is to our knowledge the first implementation of a parallel search structure that is work-optimal with respect to the finger bound and yet has very good parallelism (within a factor of O( (log p)^2 ) of optimal). We utilize an extended implicit batching framework that transparently facilitates the use of FS by any parallel program P that is modelled by a dynamically generated DAG D where each node is either a unit-time instruction or a call to FS.
The total work done by either version of FS is bounded by the finger bound F[L] (for some linearization L of D ), i.e. each operation on an item with finger distance r takes O( log r + 1 ) amortized work; it is cheaper for items closer to a finger. Running P using the simpler version takes O( ( T[1] + F[L] ) / p + T[inf] + d * ( (log p)^2 + log n ) ) time on a greedy scheduler, where T[1],T[inf] are the size and span of D respectively, and n is the maximum number of items in FS, and d is the maximum number of calls to FS along any path in D. Using the faster version, this is reduced to O( ( T[1] + F[L] ) / p + T[inf] + d * (log p)^2 + s[L] ) time, where s[L] is the weighted span of D where each call to FS is weighted by its cost according to F[L]. We also sketch how to extend FS to support a fixed number of movable fingers.
The data structures in our paper fit into the dynamic multithreading paradigm, and their performance bounds are directly composable with other data structures given in the same paradigm. Also, the results can be translated to practical implementations using work-stealing schedulers.


A novel high step-up converter, which is suitable for a PV cell is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter is composed of the dual switches structure, the coupled inductor, and voltage multiplier cells in order to achieve the high step-up voltage gain. The dual switches structure is beneficial to reduce the voltage stress and current stress of the switch. In addition, two multiplier capacitors are, respectively, charged during the switch-on period and switch-off period, which increases the voltage conversion gain. Meanwhile, the energy stored in the leakage inductor is recycled with the use of clamped capacitors. Thus, two main power switches with low on-resistance and low current stress are available. As the leakage inductor, diode reverse-recovery problem is also alleviated. Therefore, the efficiency is improved. This paper illustrates the operation principle of the proposed converter; discusses the effect of the leakage inductor; analyzes the influence of parasitic parameters on the voltage gain and efficiency, the voltage stresses and current stresses of power devices; and a comparison between the performance of the proposed converter and the previous high step-up converters is performed. In the ordinary voltage step-up situation, the conventional step-up converters, such as the boost converter can satisfy the voltage step-up requirement. However, in the high step-up situation, the conventional converter cannot achieve a high step-up conversion with high efficiency by extreme duty cycle or high turns ratio because of the parasitic parameters or leakage inductance.


This paper presents a 10 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm, 52 g one-motor driven robot. One DC motor with a driving gear drives two driven gears to implement the functions of jumping and walking. Two one-way bearings mounted on the inner races of the two driven gears are used to switch between jumping and walking when the motor rotates clockwise and anticlockwise respectively. The jumping energy is obtained by compressing and releasing two torsion springs using a cylindrical cam with quick return characteristics. Two disk cams drive two forelegs with elastic joints to step forward one after another to implement the walking locomotion pattern. Two connecting rods link the forelegs and the rear legs on the left and right sides of the robot to transmit motions from forelegs to rear legs. The jumping and walking performances of the robot are tested. Experimental results show that the proposed robot can jump more than 33 cm high at a takeoff angle of 71.2° and it can walk forward at 1.43 mm/s.


To study the mechanisms of protection to Hantaan virus(HV) and the effects of HV on immune response, viral antigen, antibody, mitogen response and natural killer cell activity were periodically observed in 6-8 weeks old ICR mice inoculated with 10' PFU/ml of HV by intraperitoneal route. 1. Immunofluorescent IgG anti-HV antibodies appeared on day 8 and then titers increased rapidly, to reach 1: 512 on day 20. Thereafter titers continued to rise slowly until day 32 (last day of measurment). Viral antigens in brain, lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen were not detected by direct immunofluorescent stain. 2. On 1,4,8,12,16 days after inoculation, spleen cells were removed and stimulated in vitro in the presence and the abscent of Con-A or LPS. The responsiveness to Con-A and LPS was compared with the ratio of virus inoculated to that of control(virus/control). The responsiveness to Con-A were slightly suppressed on day 8, 12(0.8+0.2) snd then increased at day 16(1.3+0.3). The responsiveness to LPS were continuously increased until day 12(2.2+ 0.3) thereafter decreased. 3. Natural killer cell activity of spleen cells to YAC-1 target cells (E: T=50: 1) were increased on day 2 and 4 (47+12%, 50+9%), and then decreased to normal level on day 8 (27+6%).


Acute cough has a considerable economic impact within the UK because of lost work days. Chronic cough is one of the most common presentations to general respiratory clinics. Cough is often seen in tandem with a wide variety of respiratory conditions such as asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and bronchiectasis. It is often associated with other conditions which affect the vagus nerve radiation such as irritable bowel syndrome. Whilst traditionally the cause and treatment of chronic cough has been divided into upper airways cough syndrome, reflux, and "asthma-like" cough, the concept of cough hypersensitivity is now established as a unifying concept for most cases of chronic cough although the treatment remains elusive. Chronic cough has a considerable impact on health status and is linked to psychological morbidity. The respiratory physician needs to have a sound practice for managing cough, as it is likely to be encountered in all branches of respiratory medicine.


This paper presents an integrated roller embossing process named Continuous Injection Direct Rolling (CIDR) process. The CIDR process is similar to Continue Casting Direct Rolling (CCDR) process for metal material. The process consists of Plastic Injection Module, Injection Nozzle, Precision Rolling Module, and Automatic Coiling Module. In the proposed CIDR process, the plastic plate with microstructured pattern is produced by the integrated injection and rolling process, which is different from the current rolling or plastic injection process. Some key technologies including injection nozzle design, roller design, roller coupling, and ultra-precision machining of rollers, are presented. An on-machine measurement method is also proposed and presented to avoid the incontinence and errors caused by disassembling the roller workpiece for off-line measurement. The results of the pilot study are also discussed. The research work provides an enabling solution for precision manufacturing plastic plate and film with microstructured patterns.


The Nitrate oxide uses a sample of well water of residents RT 68 Sukajaya village of Palembang which has a land wall of 4 samples. The method used in this examination is brusin sulfate with the addition treatment of Na2EDTA and without the addition of Na2EDTA. The research was included in the True experiment research type with draft research using the control group (Posttest Only Control Group Design). Sample results that are not added Na2EDTA obtained an average result of 2.3628 ppm and the average result obtained in the addition treatment Na2EDTA obtained a value of 6.9178 ppm. There are differences in nitric examination results with the addition of Na2EDTA and without Na2EDTA additions. Verification of data on this research obtained the value of Linieritas, LOD and LOQ,% Recovery and% RSD entered within the limits of the infidelity. Research is done with the addition and without the added treatment of Na2EDTA produces a difference in nitrate levels in well water samples.


The paper outlines a simple "What would happen if?" approach to the optimal design of Ro-Ro vessels under uncertain market conditions. The approach takes account of potential future changes in technology and market developments. Optimal design selection criteria are employed to develop a design 'window' for an optimum ro-ro vessel solution. Finally, the paper discusses how specific new arrangements, constructional and operational features could be improved to give greater overall efficiency performance.


The article theoretically and empirically examines the possibility for psychological imitation of moderators'merciful behavior by schoolchildren. The conclusions have been drawn on the basis of the questionnaire analysis, field-proven reliability and internal consistency by means of SPSS Statistics. The authors have come to the following conclusions: firstly, primary school moderators do not always show an example of compassionate behavior to their disciples; secondly, moderators need to rethink their life position and the opportunity to correct it in order to reveal a perfect example of compassionate behavior for children; thirdly, the moderator should monitor his behavior in front of the children and manage negative emotions working with the pupils; finally, the moderators' level of personal aggressiveness  should be checked during his professional assessment test.


The research was conducted at the Asahan University Faculty of Agriculture research field, Jalan Latsitarda, Kisaran Naga Village, Kisaran Timur District, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra Province in March to May 2019 using a Factorial Randomized Group Design consisting of two factors and three replications. The first factor is the application of the superficial doses of fertilizer (S): S0 = 0 ml / liter of Water, S1 = 10 ml / liter of Water, S2 = 20 ml / liter of Water, and S3 = 30 ml / liter of water. The second factor is the application of pearl NPK fertilizer dosage (N): N = 0 g / plot, N1 = 25 g / plot, and N2 = 50 g / plot. Observation variables consist of Plant Height, Number of Leaves, Production per plant sample, and production per plot. The results showed that the administration of super palmas fertilizer showed no significant effect on all parameters of plant observations. The administration of pearl NPK fertilizer showed no significant effect on all parameters of plant observations. And the interaction of super palmas fertilizer and pearl NPK fertilizer showed no significant effect on all parameters of plant observations.


Subject
 Prospects for South-east Asia to end-2019.

 Significance
 The 34th ASEAN Summit in Thailand later this month will outline the challenges facing South-east Asia in the second half of this year. While the regional body looks to step up economic cooperation, there are signs of a rising security threat from Islamist terrorism. More generally, much of the region now treads a fine line between democracy and authoritarianism.


Integrated test technology is the research emphasis of improving test and support capability of complex weaponry equipment. In order to solve the Analysis Hierarchical Process (AHP) method research of decision-making information system in the integrated test technology, and then to simplify the decision-making information system structure and improve the efficiency of decision-making, the paper introduces the definition of Integrated Test Decision-making Information System. In view of the obvious advantages of AHP method applied in the integrated test decision-making information system, based on Quotient Space Granular Computing theory, the decision-making system is analyzed hierarchically and multi-granularity hierarchical acquisition method of dynamic decision-making information system is given. Through the application of the method in the test decision-making process of a certain type of integrated test equipment, the feasibility and validity of the method to deal with AHP is verified, and the decision-making efficiency of integrated test process is improved, then the method can effectively solve the problems of AHP method of decision-making information system in the integrated test technology.


S. marianum is a medicinal plant which has been widely used in traditional European medicine. Nowadays silymarin, the purified extract of the fruits of S. marianum, and its main constituent, silybin, are used in the treatment of diseases of the liver. This review deals with the botany, chemistry, pharmacology and the clinical efficacy of silymarin, silybin and of a recently synthesized silybin derivative, Silipide. The cosmetical applications of silymarin are also shortly described


The fate of metals in the soil environment is directly related to their interaction and partitioning behavior in terrestrial environments. The effect of background electrolyte on the partitioning of Cu under humic conditions in soil-solution system was investigated and it was observed that increasing background electrolyte pushes humic acid (HA) aggregation through stages of thermodynamic non-spontaneous phase to an equilibrium phase and finally to a spontaneous aggregation stage. At pH 4.7 HA adsorption other than aggregation influences Cu distribution. And at pH 10 both HA adsorption and aggregation are responsible. It was noted that, the effect of background electrolyte concentration on Cu distribution is as a result of its ability to induce ligand aggregation, reduce metal – ligand complexation, and initiate competition of electrolyte cation (K+) with the Cu for sorption sites in the soil. Modeling studies revealed that, metal adsorption and HA aggregation factors account for the modified partition by the electrolyte, and this accounts for 90.5% of the variables which modify Cu partition at pH 4.7, and 99.79% at pH 10. Factor analysis revealed that at pH 4.7 increasing electrolyte concentration decreases metal distribution in the system by reducing metal adsorption and decreasing metal ligand complexation. At pH 10 Cu adsorption factors accounts for only 14.83% of the processes influenced by electrolyte concentration, and aggregation factor accounts for 84.95%. Increasing electrolyte concentration essentially transfers Cu to the solution phase and HA the solid phase of the system.


This paper describes the synthesis of a novel chelating material derived from cellulose, and its heavy metal ions adsorption behavior from aqueous solution. The first section of this paper reports the chemical grafting of cellulose, that aminoacetic acid groups were grafted into the cellulose, resulted a novel yet unreported modified cellulose derivative N,N-(dicarboxymethylaminoethyl, carboxymethyl) aminoethylamine carboxymethyl cellulose amide. This obtained adsorbent was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SSNMR) 13 C NMR spectroscopy. In the second section, adsorption behaviors such as kinetic study, adsorption isotherms of the adsorbent for Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ single metal ions from aqueous solution, and adsorption capacity for Ba 2+ , Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ , Ni 2+ and Cu 2+ , and the competitive adsorption of this adsorbent between ions were evaluated by ICP spectroscopy.


Abstract Recently, Del Ratzsch proposed a new version of the design argument. He argues that belief in a designer is often formed non-inferentially, much like perceptual beliefs, rather than formed by explicit reasoning. Ratzsch traces his argument back to Thomas Reid (1710-1796) who argues that beliefs formed in this way are also justified. In this paper, I investigate whether design beliefs that are formed in this way can be regarded as knowledge. For this purpose, I look closer to recent scientific study of how design beliefs are formed. I argue that the science strongly suggest that people easily form false beliefs. As a result, design beliefs can only constitute knowledge if subjects have additional reasons or evidence for design.


In the 1950s and 1960s, several inherited disorders of fluid and electrolyte metabolism were described in which the principal disturbance appeared to be a specific functional defect in the renal tu...


The invention discloses an emulsion breaker for thick oil and a preparation method and application of the emulsion breaker. The emulsion breaker is prepared from, by weight, 1-5 parts of coconut diethanolamide, 7-15 parts of cis-butenedioic acid, 25-35 parts of zeolite and 5-12 parts of polyglycerol fatty acid ester. The zeolite and a prepared cis-butenedioic acid solution are heated and stirred to prepare a mixture A; polyglycerol fatty acid ester and a prepared coconut diethanolamide solution are heated and stirred to prepare a mixture B; the mixture A and the mixture B are mixed, heated, stirred and calcined at high temperature. The prepared emulsion breaker has the remarkable effects of being good in emulsion breaking effect, small in use amount, resistant to high temperature and low temperature, large in dehydration amount, high in dehydration speed and the like. The adopted raw materials are easy to obtain, the preparation method is simple, operation is convenient and rapid, the production cost is low, and the emulsion breaker is suitable for large-scale production.


ROCKVILLE, Md. -- The FDA today approved over-the-counter sale of a low-dose version of Xenical (orlistat), a prescription diet drug that works by blocking the absorption of fat in the intestine. The OTC version will be called Alli.


This work investigates experimentally a recent model of magnetomechanical damping based on a distribution of internal stresses, verifies some predictions and extends the model. Damping results are reported for cast irons and iron alloyed with silicon or germanium. As predicted, the maximum magnetomechanical damping ψmax is inversely proportional to the strain amplitude which produces ψmax. To explain the relatively slow decrease of ψmax with superimposed static shear stress or external magnetic field, the model must be modified to account for stress components or demagnetizing fields. By considering stress components along magnetization directions on opposite sides of a domain wall, we introduce a technique for describing the effect of single‐crystal and grain orientations. This description qualitatively explains why bars with random grain orientations have larger damping in bending than in torsion. Although models relating damping to magnetic properties are in‐exact, damping correlates experimentally wit...


Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (also known as hyperactivity or hyperkinetic syndrome) refers to a constellation of behaviours arising from "an enduring disposition to behave in a restless, inattentive, distractible and disorganised fashion". To make the diagnosis there must be abnormalities in either or both attention and activity which are excessive compared with the norm for a child of that age or developmental level, have been present from an early age (at least seven years but often identifiable by three years) and are pervasive, ie present in more than one area of a child's life (home, school, social situations etc). Medically the status of this diagnos is is that of a syndrome or disorder, not a disease, and none of the described behaviours is exclusive to the diagnosis. It also presents as a spectrum disorder, with less and more severe degrees, but it should be noted that the DSM IV classification requires evidence of clinically significant impairment of function. There are three main groups of symptoms: overactivity, inattentivenes and impulsivity.


Protein adsorption the a key initial process after implantation of biomaterials into the human body. Rather than interacting directly with a biomaterial, cells and tissues interact with a protein layer adsorbed on the biomaterial surface. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance to understand the structure and properties of this adsorbed protein layer and obtain new insights in the dynamics of the protein adsorption process. A promising approach to control the protein adsorption on biomaterials and, hence, in turn the biological reaction to this protein layer is using nanostructured materials. We report how the nanostructure of ultra high molecular weight poly(ethylene) (UHMWPE) as well as the chemical composition of this material can effectively be used to control the structure of the adsorbed protein layer.


The theory of magnetic resonance in a highly anisotropic, uniaxial ferrimagnet is summarized and curves for the resonance behavior of BaO·6Fe2O3 as a function of applied field, parametrized with respect to angular orientation, are presented. Microwave ferrimagnetic resonance experiments performed from 66 to 120 GHz in a broad‐band, low‐Q waveguide system with applied magnetic fields up to 60 kG are reported. Sample temperatures ranged from 4.2° to 300°K. Good agreement between theory and experiment is found for spherical, single‐crystal samples. Samples of platelet geometry were also investigated. A brief discussion of observed magnetostatic modes is presented, along with evidence of nonlinear resonance response in BaO·Fe2O3 at 4.2°K for rf powers above 60 mW in the waveguide. The observed resonance linewidth was less than 10 G at 4.2°K.


In this work we study influence of the length of the alkyl chain and temperature on critical micellar concentration (CMC) for cis and trans diastereoisomers of the N -alkyl- N -{[2-(benzyloxy)cyclohexylmethyl]}- N , N -dimethylammonium bromides in aqueous solutions using conductometric and spectrophotometric techniques. From the measured dependences, the degree of the counterion binding (β) and thermodynamic parameters of micellization (∆ G m 0 , ∆ H m 0 , ∆ S m 0 ) were calculated and compared with the literature data on similar compounds. The results show that lengthening of the alkyl chain by one methylene group causes approximately a two-fold reduction in CMC. The β values decrease with temperature and with increasing length of the alkyl chain. While only a small decrease in the ∆ G m 0 values ( ca 1 kJ mol -1 ) due to increasing temperature was found, the decrease in ∆ H m 0 is much more pronounced.


We calculate the negative integer moments of the (regularized) characteristic polynomials of N × N random matrices taken from the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (GOE) in the limit as N → ∞. The results agree nontrivially with a recent conjecture of Berry and Keating motivated by techniques developed in the theory of singularity-dominated strong fluctuations. This is the first example where nontrivial predictions obtained using these techniques have been proved.


This paper describes an observational study of anesthetists' response to alarms in the operating room across four different types of procedure (laparoscopic, arthroscopic, cardiac, and intracranial) and three phases of a procedure (induction, maintenance, and emergence). Alarms were classified as requiring a corrective response, being intended, being ignored, or functioning as a reminder. Results revealed quite strong effects of the type of procedure and phase of procedure on the number and rate of alarms. Responses to alarms such as apnea varied strongly across phase, whereas other alarms were confined to specific situations. These results were interpreted in light of their significance for the development of smart alarm systems.


As in a time of peace, so in a time of war: the sea is not always an insurmountable barrier; it can just as easily bridge the gap between two widely separated points. In a time of peace, of course, this is easier to grasp. The oceans can often transport heavy commercial loads faster, more cheaply, and more effectively than overland routes. One has only to think of Fernand Braudel's history of The Mediterranean to remember how this sea generated commercial, cultural and historical exchanges between Europe and northern Africa, and further. 1 Denys Lombard has shown similar connections in h~smagisterial study of Java and his studies of maritime trade in Asia.2 And more research is flowing in this direction.3 For geographers, the water nature of the latter region comes as no surprise. A quick look at the map makes it clear that the sea links Southeast Asia at the middle, the aquatic bridge between the peninsula extending from southern China to Malaya and the archipelago, reaching from Singapore to the Philippines.4


Abstract : Net-Centric Warfare places the network in the center of all operations, making it a critical resource to attack and defend during wartime. This thesis examines one particular network attack, the Black Hole attack, to determine if an analytical model can be used to predict the impact of this attack on ad-hoc networks. An analytical Black Hole attack model is developed for reactive ad-hoc network protocols DSR and AODV. To simplify topology analysis, a hypercube topology is used to approximate ad-hoc topologies that have the same average node degree. An experiment is conducted to compare the predicted results of the analytical model against simulated Black Hole attacks on a variety of ad-hoc networks. The results show that the model describes the general order of growth in Black Hole attacks as a function of the number of Black Holes in a given network. The model accuracy maximizes when both the hypercube approximation matches the average degree and number of nodes of the ad-hoc topology. For this case, the model falls within the 95% confidence intervals of the estimated network performance loss for 17 out of 20 measured scenarios for AODV and 7 out of 20 for DSR.


Objective
To explore the role of Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphism located in the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) gene in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Mongolian population in Inner Mongolia.

Methods
Three hundred and thirty-seven cases of Mongolian COPD and 353 Mongolian healthy controls were collected in Inner Mongolia region, and 2×48-Plex SNPscan™ Kit was used to detect the polymorphism of Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu.

Results
The distribution of Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphism in Mongolian population in Inner Mongolia was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). There was statistical difference in the genotype frequency of GG, AA and AG of Arg16Gly (χ2=23.470, P 0.05) between the COPD group and healthy control group.The G allele frequency of Arg16Gly site between the two groups was 43.0% and 50.8% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=8.471, P 0.05).

Conclusions
The Arg16Gly polymorphic loci of the β2-AR gene may be the genetic susceptibility indicators of COPD in Mongolian population in Inner Mongolia, while the Gln27Glu loci may not be related to the incidence of COPD in Mongolian population.

Key words:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; β2-adrenergic receptor; Gene polymorphism; Mongolian population


Background and Objectives:Takayasu's arteritis is a disease of unknown etiology which has recently been reported to be a systemic disease. This is a prospective study of the clinical features and angiographic findings of Takayasu's arteritis from a single center. Subjects and Methods:Forty five patients were diagnosed as Takayasu's arteritis according to the Numano's diagnostic criteria, where patients satisfying at least one crit- erion from elevated ESR or CRP, arterial wall enhancement at MRA or CT angiography, or carotid tenderness are categorized into the active group. A disease duration of one year was used to define the division of the dis- ease into either acute or chronic. Ueno's and Numano's classifications obtained through various imaging studies, were used. Results:At the time of diagnosis, 60% of patients were in the active stage while 40% were in inactive stage. Levels of ESR, CRP and fibrinogen were found to differ significantly according to disease ac- tivity. The most common type of Takayasu's arteritis was type III according to the Ueno's classification, and type V according to the Numano's. The left subclavian artery was involved most frequently (78.5%. The mo- st commonly involved segment of the aorta was the abdominal aorta (64.4%. Mean systolic blood pressure of the right arm in the renal artery stenosis group was 156±39 mmHg, which was significantly higher than that in the group without renal artery stenosis (113±46 mmHg (p=0.005. ESR and CRP were correlated with aortic signal intensity on contrast-enhanced MR imaging (ESR;r=0.685, p=0.007/CRP;r=0.596, p= 0.041. Conclusion:Takayasu's arteritis is a disease of unknown causes, especially among young female pa- tients, and exhibits nonspecific and various symptoms. ESR and CRP remain as valuable indicators of disease activity. The MR enhancement intensity of the arterial wall shows a positive correlation with both ESR and CRP level and it therefore may be correlated to disease activity and represent a useful diagnostic indicator. ( ( ( (Korean Circulation J 2001;31(11 :1106-1116