In December 1858 John Boles Gaggin resigned his commission as first lieutenant in the Royal Cork Artillery Militia, and, armed with an introduction from the Secretary of State for the Colonies to Governor James Douglas, prepared to seek his fortune in the newly established gold colony of British Columbia. He was one of a group of Anglo-Irish gentlemen recommended to Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton by that "intellectual, picturesque, and friendly Irishman" Chichester Fortescue, who served as Parliamentary Undersecretary at the Colonial Office during most of the period 1857-1865. At this time the Colonial Secretaryship itself was held by members of the nobility, and affairs abroad were consequently much under the influence of the "swarm of Under Secretaries [who] had to meet the House of Commons." Gilbert Malcolm Sproat, from whose fragmentary but illuminating "History of British Columbia" the foregoing quotations are taken, admits that Chichester Fortescue's recommendations for the Colonial Service of British Columbia, "though over-numerous and followed by expectants, were, generally, men of a good character." Most of them, it appears, made a success of their new career. J. Boles Gaggin (as he usually signed himself) most emphatically did not. He had many admirable qualities; but as a cog in the civil service machine he was a perpetual source of concern to his colleagues, and he finally managed to provoke a full-scale confrontation with the Governor of British Columbia himself. This encounter sheds light on the inner workings of the civil service in


Gold nanoparticle chains are expected to be one of novel photonics materials in the next generation. We previously reported the formation of the gold nanoparticle chains from a colloidal gold solution on a glass substrate coated with oriented thin films of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE). According to the proposed formation mechanism, some requisite conditions for the fabrication of the gold nanoparticle chains were extracted. In this study, the requisite conditions were reproduced in a flow cell using a glass slide with the oriented thin layers of PTFE. By applying temperature gradient to the cell and injecting a colloidal gold solution, a continuous flow was induced in the cell. By this method, the gold nanoparticle chains were successfully formed over the wider area compared to the previous reports. The gold nanoparticle chains were mostly located in the regions where the PTFE thin films were peeled off from the glass substrate. It was suspected that the negatively-charged gold nanoparticles could be electrostatically adsorbed on the glass surface owing to the positive contact charging of the glass slide after the peeling of the PTFE films.


The based ring of the lowest two-sided cell of an extended affine Hecke algebras with a positive parameter map is realized by showing that the structure constants of the based ring are independent of the choice of the positive parameter map.
For any positive parameter map, we give a simple proof of a decomposition formula (due to Xi in the one parameter case, see[Xi90, Cor. 2.11]) by using a lemma due to Lusztig. The homomorphism from the extended a?ne Hecke algebra to the based ring of the lowest two-sided cell is also constructed using Xi formula in our generalized setup. And a family of irreducible representations is given using this homomorphism.
As a byproduct, Lusztig conjectures on the cells of Hecke algebras with unequal parameters are verified in the case of lowest two-sided cells of affine Hecke algebras.


A new component of the Jovian radio spectrum has been observed by the plasma wave instruments on Voyagers 1 and 2 at frequencies ranging from about 10 to 56 kHz or higher. This Jovian kilometric radiation is characterized by storms of emissions lasting typically 45 minutes at 56.2 kHz, however some events persist for as long as four hours. The storms usually exhibit impulsive bursts with time scales of a few seconds to several minutes, although some events show smoothly varying intensities as a function of time. High resolution frequency-time spectrograms reveal a continuum-like background with more intense, narrowband features superimposed. The narrowband, or discrete, features tend to decrease in frequency with increasing time, falling approx.1 kHz in 5 to 60 seconds. The maximum power emitted assuming an isotropic radiator near Jupiter and a bandwidth for the most intense bursts of approx.10 kHz is about 10/sup 9/ watts. The Jovian kilometric radiation is most likely observed within +- 45/sup 0/ of 200/sup 0/ System III longitude, /sup lambda/III, although there is a secondary maximum near /sup lambda/III=25/sup 0/.


We developed model for interaction of fs-pulse with chirped mirrors. Model possesses predictive capabilities. We found there are domains of stable and unstable compression under variation of layer number, which is unpredictable with present counterparts.


Morphological annotation constitutes essential, very useful and very common linguistic information presented in corpora, especially for highly inflectional languages. The morphological tagset used in the Slovak National Corpus has been designed with several goals in mind – the tags are compact and easily human-readable, without sacrificing their informational contents. The tags consist of ASCII letters, numbers and several other characters. In general, they have a variable number of symbols, but their order is obligatory, and each category or specific feature is assigned a particular character, which can be shared among several parts of speech. The tagset is highly functional and pragmatic, although some allowances had to be made to accommodate the traditional analysis of Slovak morphology and part of speech categories.


How efficiently can we search an unknown environment for a goal in unknown position? How much would it help if the environment were known? We answer these questions for simple polygons and for general graphs, by providing online search strategies that are as good as the best offline search algorithms, up to a constant factor. For other settings we prove that no such online algorithms exist.


Acknowledgements. Introduction: The Hidden Lessons of "Siliconia". SILICON VALLEY. Introduction. From Semi--desert to Silicon Valley. Valley Dynamism. Valley Innovators. Post--silicon Silicon Valley. EUROPEa S SILICON FEN. Introduction. The Phenomenon of Cambridge. Cambridge Dynamics. Phenomenally Innovative. The Future of the Phenomenon. Epilogue: A Silicon World? Endnotes. Index.


Distal radioulnar joint surgery has been dominated by different types of partial or complete ulnar head excision. This remains a reasonable option in rheumatoid surgery. However, in the long run, this can create a number of problems. We have used Herbert modular prosthesis to tackle these very difficult situations. This prosthesis comprises of a press fit stem in three sizes and a ceramic head, also available in three sizes.

In Wrightington hospital upper limb unit 61 patients underwent Herbert ulnar head replacement. Fifty-eight were clinically and radiologically reviewed.

Between December 1998 and December 2002 21 male and 27 female patients were operated. The mean age was 49.8 years with a range of 28–72 years. Twenty two left, eighteen right and two bilateral replacements were performed. The mean follow-up was 20.02 months with a range of 3–60 months.

All patients were reviewed by an independent observer using range of motion, grip strength and satisfaction as outcome.

Primary diagnoses included failed Darrach, Bower, Sauve Kapandji and traumatic ulnar head excision. Forty-five patients were satisfied with the outcome. Pain score showed a mean improvement of 4 with a range of 0–10. The grip strength compared to normal side was decreased in 50% of the patients. The range of motion compared to normal side improved by a mean of 10 degrees (range 3–20) in supination and 13 (range 4–23) in pronation.

Radiological review showed new bone (8) and notch formation (9). Stress shielding of 0–19mm was observed in distal ulna with revision or emergency stem.

Complication occurred in eight patients instability (4), RSD (1), implant failure (1) and two others. Twelve patients required further surgery. No loosening was observed at revision.

Conclusion: This is a suitable revision and primary replacement but no long term following is required.


The Hindu East Indians in rural Trinidad are used as an example to illustrate the hypothesis that socioeconomic conditions are critical in determining strategies of family formation. The difference between past and present attitudes to family planning seems to lie in villagers changing perceptions of social and economic advantage. Present receptivity to family limitation seems to be linked to economic necessity. New educational and occupational opportunities mean that villagers are unable to support a large family and still attain goals that include a higher standard of living and advanced training for their children. (EXCERPT)


Uttar Pradesh Road transport system is essentially bus oriented. Both public & private operators are playing important role in providing transport services to such large population of Uttar Pradesh. However, the Herculean task of providing cheap & safe journey lies with Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation. Over the years Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation has been battling with numerous issues ranging from mounting losses to outdated technology which ultimately impacting its service quality to passengers. There are seven major gaps in the service quality concept. This research tries to investigate service quality specification gap (Management perceptions versus service specifications) given by Parasuraman, Ziethmal & Berry in their Service Quality Gap model. Service quality specification gap is internal to the service provider hence require internal Measurement. The case study method has been employed to ascertain service quality specification gap by incorporating insights from the interviews of those who are important stakeholders (Regional Managers, Service Managers, Asst. Regional Managers, SSi , Foreman , Conductors , Drivers) in service delivery process of Upsrtc. The research results show significant perception mismatches between Higher Management, Regional Heads, Frontline Managers & Lower staff. Our findings provide that Higher Management & Employees were failed to identify service quality attributes that were important for Customers.


The spatial (three-dimensional) radiation characteristics of directive antennas are often needed in radio interference calculations and predictions. Presented is a method that allows a fast computation of the spatial radiation envelope characteristics of antennas from measured pattern information. This is achieved by fitting the measured data to simple functional forms that are based on salient physical properties of the antennas. An example is given in which radiation envelopes for a pyramidal horn-reflector antenna, widely used in AT&T service, are calculated from measured data. Superpositions of quadratic functions to fit main radiation lobes and logarithmic functions to represent the side-lobe envelopes are being used, and good agreement with the measured data is demonstrated.


he left our world without accomplishing what he really wanted." Most emblematic—and captivating—is Galal Amin, economist andmemoirist: "The world was different and what seems impossible now, seemed very possible then!" The greatest challenge facing the filmmaker is to address the present without presupposition and without letting the 2011 uprising against Hosni Mubarak and the subsequent 2013 military overthrow of Mohamed Morsi dictate her exploration and presentation of history. Nasser's Republic is meant to evoke and enliven the past, and it succeeds in doing so, raising compelling questions that do resonate today. What did Nasserismmean to Egypt and the wider Arab world? What did Nasser achieve and fail to achieve? Why was he such a force in Third World politics? How, after a string of defeats in the 1960s, did he remain a leader who so many Egyptians could not reject? How accountable should he be for the lack of democracy? Nasser skeptics may feel that the film is overwhelmingly positive, but their arguments are also given voice. From a teacher's perspective, this film is a godsend, either as supplement or standalone lesson for such an important era of Middle East/world history. Nasser's Repubic is the first English-language documentary to focus on Nasser and his rule in over three decades, and to treat him as an Egyptian patriot and politician with broad social concerns and lasting impact beyond authoritarian legacies and theArab–Israeli conflict (the last English-language biography was an episode of Drew Middleton's series 'Portraits of Power: Those Who Shaped the Twentieth Century' [dir. Jeremey Murray-Brown, 1979]). The storyline is crisp, the archival footage, much of it fresh, is gripping, and the witnesses are compelling. At the film's center is an officer turned politician who is photogenic, charismatic, shrewd, and sometimes reckless. His growing ease on the public stage is encapsulated in a wonderful clip, post-Suez, when he has some choicewords for the Britishmonarch. His resignation address on June 9, 1967, even if staged to spark a cry for him to stay on (I don't buy it), demonstrates awillingness to look his people in the eye and confront disaster together. He continues to loom over those rulers, elected or not, Egyptians and others, who still attempt to emulate him.


A 60GHz CMOS front-end receiver is described. The receiver comprises an LNA, a quadrature-balanced downconversion mixer, a VCO, and a frequency doubler. The integrated front-end has a conversion gain of 11.8dB, an NF of 10.4dB, and an input P1dB of -15.8dBm. The receiver is implemented in a digital 0.13mum CMOS process and draws 64mA from a 1.2V supply.


Belonging is a central human aspiration, one that has drawn attention from sociologists and social psychologists alike. Who is likely to realize this aspiration? This paper addresses that question by examining how "we-feeling"—the experience of gemeinschaft—is distributed within small groups. Previous research has argued that the feeling of belonging is positively related to a person's social status through a cumulative advantage process. But high status can recast the responsibilities of group life as burdens if a person regards them as incongruent with his or her rank, and this can dim one's feelings toward the group. This paper proposes that a "high-status penalty" diminishes we-feeling for high-ranking individuals, thereby concentrating we-feeling in the middle of a status hierarchy. It tests this theory using data from the Urban Communes Project, a survey of 60 naturally occurring communities. The findings suggest that status-incongruent responsibilities can suppress the benefits of status at the top of a hierarchy.


Volume 7, Number 3 includes an editorial by myself, entitled "Pesticides for Human Health, Three Examples." It is time for a wiser, healthier perspective on the use of pesticides to protect our food supply and contain many infectious diseases. The question is, how to maintain the delicate balance between the cost/benefit of using targeted pesticides to control important vector-borne diseases of man and scientists' ongoing concern for protecting the environment? In Table 1, a list of over 200 vector-borne diseases are well-documented; these require the best tools available from our limited means of control.


In this study, the data were obtained through personal interview with 46 sheep farmers of Tokat province for the year of 2006. In order to achieve the objectives, the values such as Net Present Value (NPV), Cost-Benefit Ratio (CBR) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were calculated. Three different discount rates (8, 5 and 3%) were used to get the NPV and CBR. The NPV were found to be positive (77.33 $/head; 149.06 $/head; 212.73 $/head). In addition to that, the CBR were bigger than 1 (1.07; 1.12 and 1.15). The IRR was 12.92 percent. According to the results that achieved by the study, it was determined that the investment is economically feasible and profitable.


Editorial for "An Unsupervised Deep Learning Approach for Dynamic-Exponential Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MRI Modeling and Parameter Estimation in the Liver" Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained renewed momentum recently. While it was initially developed for imaging of the brain, it is increasingly applied to abdominal imaging, including assessment of renal fibrosis, evaluation of liver tumors, or staging of liver cirrhosis. IVIM allows simultaneous and separate quantification of the diffusion of free water molecules with Gaussian distribution (true diffusion) and microcirculation in the randomly oriented capillaries (pseudo-diffusion). Both true diffusion and pseudo-diffusion contribute to the signal intensity in diffusion-weighted MRI. Importantly, although pseudodiffusion and noise affect signals acquired at high b values, IVIM effects due to microscopic perfusion must be considered at low b values. The distribution of low and high b values can therefore affect the metrics of the IVIM parameters. Using images acquired at increasing b-values, IVIM enables a separation of the relative contribution of true diffusion and pseudo-diffusion, and thus a noninvasive quantification of tissue perfusion without the need for intravenous contrast agents. Methods for calculating IVIM have been continuously refined over the years. Still, current IVIM models cannot reliably distinguish between healthy liver tissue and fibrosis or between benign and malignant lesions, so they were extended to multiexponential curve fitting approaches. From the original bi-exponential models as described by Le Bihan et al, tri-exponential models at small b-values emerged for organs with dual blood supply such as the liver. Currently, curve fitting approaches with a combination of least squares (LSQ) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) provide the most accurate estimation of IVIM. However, IVIM models are less stable than monoexponential diffusion models, require the fitting of more variables, and are susceptible to low signal-to-noise ratios, respiration, or cardiac motion artifacts. Moreover, they are computationally intensive when applied at the voxel level and need to be recalculated for each new examination, which is associated with high computational requirements and consequently long inference times. All of this limits clinical transferability. According to a recent survey, IVIM is used in clinical practice in only a small proportion of institutions. Therefore, further technical innovations are needed for clinical implementation of IVIM-MRI, such as protocols with shorter acquisition times or novel, fast, and robust methods to calculate perfusion in IVIM. One promising approach is the application of convolutional neural networks, especially convolutional autoencoders. Advantages of autoencoder networks are a robustness to image noise and high computational efficiency, even when calculations are performed on the voxel level. While training of neural networks is time consuming and requires high-performance hardware, deployment of a trained network is very fast and has low hardware requirements. Autoencoders consists of two parts: an encoder and decoder. During training, the input image is first passed through the encoder where the image is mapped into a highdimensional, efficient numeric representation. The decoder then attempts to recreate the input from the numeric representation and learns to ignore insignificant data, such as image noise. However, one can also train the autoencoder to produce different results than the input image. In this issue of JMRI, an article by Zhou et al proposes an unsupervised deep learning approach to model IVIM in the liver, where they used a convolutional autoencoder to create parametric maps of IVIM from diffusion-weighted signals. Based on 10 patients, this innovative proof-of-concept study shows that the use of deep neural networks can provide significantly better IVIM parameter estimation and improved parameter maps, while being faster and more computationally efficient than the conventional LSQ–AIC approach. In


Background: Tuberculosis is a major global health problem. Tuberculosis may be Pulmonary or Extrapulmonary. Oro-nasopharyngeal and L a r y n g e a l t u b e r c u l o s i s a r e a f o r m o f Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis presents with neck mass, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea, epistaxis, Otalgia, hearing loss and cervical Lymphadenopathy. Common symptom of Laryngeal tuberculosis is hoarseness of voice. This study will increase awareness regarding Oro-nasopharyngeal / Laryngeal tuberculosis and will help in differentiating it from Oro-nasopharyngeal / Laryngeal carcinoma. Objective: To nd the incidence of Oronasopharyngeal and Laryngeal Tuberculosis among patients of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Method: A total of 80 patients of Pulmonary Tuberculosis were selected and investigated for symptoms of Oro -nasophar yngeal and Laryngeal tuberculosis. Results: Study revealed that 1.25% (1patient out o f 8 0 ) o f t o t a l s t u d y s u b j e c t s h a d Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis. Conclusion: The study showed that the inc idence of Oro -nasophar yngeal and Laryngeal tuberculosis among patients of Pulmonary Tuberculosis was very less.


Among the aspects that have an impact on the academic environment are: the skills and attitudes of teachers and students, communication between teachers and students, infrastructure, duration of classes and academic load, stressors, support systems, personal safety and leisure time. This document presents the results of an investigation that tries to answer: What aspects of the academic environment affect the biomedical training of students? The objectives are: to identify achievements and perceived difficulties regarding the academic environment by students and teachers, determine if there are significant differences between teachers and students regarding the academic environment and identify the aspects of the academic environment that are significantly related to the biomedical training. It is a cross-sectional, correlational study where questionnaires were applied to 261 students and teachers. A descriptive analysis of means was carried out to identify outstanding variables from the limits of normality. Comparisons were established with a significance level of 0.05. Pearson's criterion of medium to high correlation (0.50-1.00) was used with biomedical training as the dependent variable. In the results, he highlighted that frequently, the academic environment contributes to learning to learn, favors a quality education with equity and inclusion, the mission, vision and values of the Faculty are known, the teacher shows professional experience in the subject taught and, frequently scholarship programs are offered; He highlighted as a difficulty that: excessive hours are frequently perceived, lack of a healthy life and lack of tutorials and advice promoted by teachers. It was observed that there are significant differences between students and teachers regarding the perception of the academic environment. He highlighted that there is a significant relationship between biomedical training and: a quality education with equity and inclusion, training to work collaboratively, teachers who promote communication skills and motivate learning to learn, and an adequate infrastructure.


Allene polymerizations by vanadium complexes using various Al co-catalysts were carried out. All the vanadium complexes show moderate activity for phenylallene and high 2,3-selectivity (>99%).


To observe the clinical effects of"Gutong Capsule"in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)of cold-wind in collaterals and blood-stasis,treatment group including 45 cases and control group including 30 cases were randomly established and were respectively treated by"Gutong Capsule"and Diclofenac for 2 weeks.Results showed that,in treatment group,the joints function improved or restored,ESR reducing,and the clinical symptoms improved by 71 11%,obviously higher than 33 33% in control group(P0 05);the total effective rate was 53 33% in treatment group,the same as that in control group.


Time delay interferometry (TDI) is a post-processing technique used in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) to reduce laser frequency noise by building an equal-arm interferometer via combining time-shifted raw phase measurements. The set of so-called 2nd generation TDI variables which sufficiently suppress laser frequency noise considering realistic LISA orbital dynamics has recently been expanded by a large number of additional solutions. In this paper, we characterize these new TDI channels by relating them to the well-known 1st generation variables α, β, γ, and ζ. We compute explicitly how each 2nd generation variable can be approximated as a linear combination of these four 1st generation variables, and show numerically that these approximations are accurate enough to model the noises not suppressed by TDI. We use these results to discuss how the newly found channels might be advantagous to use for the LISA data analysis. In addition, we demonstrate that newly found variants of the variable ζ significantly out-perform the ones previously known from the literature. ∗ contact: email@example.com † contact: email@example.com 1 ar X iv :2 11 1. 00 97 5v 2 [ gr -q c] 2 4 Ja n 20 22


Digital computing systems needed for Army programs such as the Computer-Aided Low Altitude Helicopter Flight Program and the Armored Systems Modernization (ASM) vehicles may be characterized by high computational throughput and input/output bandwidth, hard real-time response, high reliability and availability, and maintainability, testability, and producibility requirements. In addition, such a system should be affordable to produce, procure, maintain, and upgrade. To address these needs, the Army Fault Tolerant Architecture (AFTA) is being designed and constructed under a three-year program comprised of a conceptual study, detailed design and fabrication, and demonstration and validation phases. Described here are the results of the conceptual study phase of the AFTA development. Given here is an introduction to the AFTA program, its objectives, and key elements of its technical approach. A format is designed for representing mission requirements in a manner suitable for first order AFTA sizing and analysis, followed by a discussion of the current state of mission requirements acquisition for the targeted Army missions. An overview is given of AFTA's architectural theory of operation.


We construct various non-singular p-branes on higher-dimensional generalizations of Taub-NUT and Taub-BOLT instantons. Among other solutions, these include S^1-wrapped D3-branes and M5-branes, as well as deformed M2-branes. The resulting geometries smoothly interpolate between product spaces which include Minkowski elements of different dimensionality. The new solutions do not preserve any supersymmetry.


A fully integrated signal processor designed for an eight-channel implantable telemetry system for neurophysiology will be described. Incorporated are integrated bipolar band-pass amplifiers, pulsed thermistor drivers, a multiplexer and I2L logic control that implements a hierarchical multiplexing system and an automatic power down associated with a low bandwidth mode.


The article discusses the sequence of assembly operations for some design options for limiting torque couplings,
which are used to transfer torque M from the engine to the actuator until M does not exceed the limit value. In addition, the
assembly sequence of various types of fl exible couplings is shown.


The growing uses of camera-based barcode readers have recently gained a lot attention. This has boosted interest in no-reference objective image quality assessment algorithms. Blur is an undesirable phenomenon which appears as one of the most frequent causes of image degradation. In this paper we present a new no-reference blur detection scheme that is based on the perception that it is not easier to differentiate blurred image with the re-blurred version of it. Local phase congruency is calculated for the original and re- blurred images, respectively. These are differenced and normalized to construct a new blur metric. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme gives robust objective metric when identifying blur distortion of barcode images.


With the increasing maturity of the technology of distributed object and Web Services, many solutions based on it have been universally used in IT field. However, the theory and the practice of distributed GIS need further improvement in virtue of problems brought by the spatial data. This paper first analyzes some existed problems of related technologies, and then discusses the architecture of distributed GIS based on J2EE and XML. Finally, it analyzes the correlative technology.


Silicone rubber (SR) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) are widely used as insulators. To ensure the safe and stable operation of electrical equipment, it is very necessary to study the flashover performance of insulating materials. In this paper, the surface flashover characteristics of SR and PMMA under atmospheric pressure were studied by using the bar-bar electrode and pin-pin electrode, which were driven by the negative DC power supply. The experimental results indicate that the flashover voltage of PMMA with low dielectric constant is higher and the flashover voltage of the two kinds of materials both obeys the two-parameter Webb distribution. It is found that the parameter α under highly non-uniform filed is lower than that under slightly non-uniform filed, while the variation tendency of β is opposite. Besides, a method to calculate the probability of surface flashover is provided. The average flashover electric field strength of the slightly non-uniform filed is larger while the maximum flashover electric field strength of the highly non-uniform filed is larger. This paper provides some reference for the study of the insulation characteristics of different materials and the insulation design of the system.


Methods A qualitative study methodology based on a document analysis of EU documentation and a systematic literature review on pharmaceutical policy reforms implemented by the selected countries was performed. Documents published after 2008 were assessed. A theoretical framework was used to classify both the EU recommendations and the pharmaceutical policy reforms. A comparison between both items was completed. solution in labour room (4% to 64%) and three colour coded bins (19% to 80%). Increased availability of clinical guidelines; Infection prevention protocol 18%), labour management protocol 52%) and use of partograph.


should be obtained if indicated but can be helpful in assessing volume status or to rule out pneumonia, although consolidations may not show on chest radiograph in dehydrated patients (1). Can a protocol be perfect? No! It is not realistic to expect that all possible clinical conditions would be prespecified in a protocol. In this regard, it remains unclear how to interpret the fact that the protocol was mandatory. Does this mean that altering some treatment recommendations with respect to the individual patient and after good clinical judgment were not allowed? Can the results be explained by the fact that the patients in the postprotocol period were perhaps less sick than in the preprotocol period? This could be possible, although it seems rather unlikely. Moreover, illness severity scores are no predictors for intensive care unit or hospital length of stay in patients with DKA (15). Despite some weaknesses, in particular in the description of protocol development and implementation strategy, the message delivered by the study by Dr. Bull and colleagues (1) is that successful implementation of guidelines and protocols in daily medical practice can have significant positive effects. It's time to work in harmony! Sandra Oeyen, MD Department of Intensive Care Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Belgium


On May 18, 1852, Malinda Clark Slawson Pugh of Indianapo lis gave birth to a son, Isaac Clark Pugh. By September Malinda was dead as a result of complications associated with the delivery. Isaac Pugh, Malinda's husband at the time of her death, informed his wife's former mother-in-law and father-in-law, Simeon and Martha Slaw son, that Malinda had died from the consequences of a "spongy fun gus substance growing in the womb." Doctors had taken out the substance, caused by failure to remove part of the placenta after the childbirth, but it had grown back, resulting in Malinda's death.1 Malinda had married Isaac Pugh on July 23, 1851, following the death of her first husband, Delanson Slawson, six years earlier. After Delanson's death Malinda had taken care of her children and


Abstract Background: There is a continued discussion on which is the best sclerosant to treat lower extremity varicose veins. Therefore, we did this meta-analysis to determine that foam sclerotherapy versus liquid sclerotherapy, which could perform better in the treatment of lower extremity varicose veins. Materials and methods: We independently searched 5 databases from inception to February 1, 2019, for randomized controlled trials and prospective controlled trials for comparing foam sclerotherapy and liquid sclerotherapy for the treatment of lower extremity varicose veins. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of studies. The primary outcome and secondary outcomes were analyzed using stata 15.0. This meta-analysis was performed according to Cochrane Handbook. Results: There were significant differences in effective rate (P < .001, odd ratios = 5.64, 95% confidence interval = 3.93–8.10) and incidence rate of pain (P = .030, odd ratios = 1.52, 95% confidence interval = 1.04–2.21) between foam sclerotherapy and liquid sclerotherapy. And there were no significant differences among local inflammation (P = .896, rate difference = 0.00, 95% confidence interval = –0.03 to 0.03), thrombophlebitis (P = .90, rate difference = 0.00, 95% confidence interval = −0.02 to 0.02) and hyperpigmentation (P = .336, rate difference = 0.05, 95% confidence interval = −0.05 to 0.14). Conclusions: Although foam sclerotherapy has a higher incidence rate of complications, it could achieve a more stable clinical efficacy in the treatment of lower extremity varicose veins than liquid sclerotherapy.


This research develops the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) device by Arduino ATmega2560 and express the values on 3.5-inch display. Moreover, all data recorded in SD card. The percentage error results of MPPT device tested with DC power supply found that were less than 2.25%. Therefore, this device can apply to measure maximum power point of solar cell panel. For MPPT device experiment with solar cell panel will adjust luminous flux density equal 4 level were 5000Lux, 6000Lux, 7000Lux and 8000Lux. These results, found that 8000Lux of luminous flux were maximum current, voltage, power and resistance equal 0.704A, 20.07V, 14.126W and 28Ω respectively. The data result of all expressed on 3.5-inch display will show in IV-curve and PV-curve form. However, the limitation of MPPT device was can't measuring of high-power solar cell panel more than 25V and 1.5A.


The method of multicriterian control anisotropic synthesis by the vertical square with elastic elements as discrete-continual plant is developed. The example of dynamic characteristics for such system is given. Figs: 1. Refs: 7 titles.


Purpose – The governance of the relationship between humans and the biophysical world has been based on a paradigm characterized by dualistic thinking and scientism. This has led to the Anthropocene. The purpose of this paper is to reframe human-biosphere governance in terms of "cyber-systemics", a neologism that is useful, the authors argue, not only for breaking out of this dualistic paradigm in human-environmental governance but also of the dualism associated with the use of systems and cybernetics. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper the authors draw on their own research praxis to exemplify how the intellectual lineages of cybernetics and systems have been mutually influencing their doings, and how new forms of governance practices that explore different framing choices might contribute to building innovative governance approaches attuned to the problematique of the Anthropocene, for instance through institutional designs for cyber-systemic governance. Findings – The growing popularity of the...


Modern robotic platforms for aerospace applications are complex systems characterized by many degrees of freedom. They are assigned with relatively simple tasks, defined at a high-level of abstraction. On the other hand, it is necessary that such tasks are optimized to save resources or increase the utilization of the expensive robotic assets. For such systems, globally-optimal redundancy resolution is a challenge, especially for those with more than one redundancy parameter. Among the leading techniques that are employed to solve the redundant inverse kinematics problem, approaches based on dynamic programming execute more efficiently by breaking the complex problem into various simpler subproblems and demonstrate superior flexibility in the management of constraints and objective functions. The present dissertation analyzes the globally-optimal kinematics inversion of mobile manipulators, i.e., systems composed of a manipulator mounted on a moving platform, and provides a new implementation for it. The newly developed algorithm is more flexible than previous technologies as it allows to manage multiple degrees of redundancy and is smoothly integrated with other tools required for space applications. The developments are based on ROS, the Robot Operating System, and its flagship planning library MoveIt!. The algorithm has been unit-tested and validated in simulation by using representative robotic platforms.


EDITOR,--We envisage that databases for evidence based medicine would answer the question "What is best practice?" and that hospital based audit would check that best practice is being achieved. Our audit programme has examined pain relief for tonsillectomy. In the 58 children audited, nine tonsillar blocks were performed; additional oral pain relief was required earlier in these nine children than in the children who had alternative intraoperative analgesia (n=9) (3.3 h v 7.6 h).

A conflict therefore arises over whether we should persist with tonsillar block and improve our performance …


Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) is a membranes rupture during before delivery takes. PROM cause a direct contact between the world outside and inside uterus. PROM cause some problems for both mother and fetus, because it should be managed by cesarean section. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between PROM with cesarean section in RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin on June to July 2014. This is an observasional analytic study with cross sectional approach. The sample was selectedusingaccidental samplingwith a sample size160,the resultswere analyzedusingchi-square test with confidence interval 95%.The results showed 29 mothers with PROM, then found 15(51.724%)managed by cesarean sectionand(48.275%) samples of vaginal birth. Whilethe131women witha diagnosisinstead ofPROM, 34(25.954%) samples managed bycesareansectionand97(74.046%) samples ofvaginalbirth. Chi-square test showed the value of p=0,006 and odds ratio of 3,056. The conclusion of this research is there are relationship between PROM with cesarean section in RSUN Ulin Banjarmasin on June to July 2014. Keywords: premature rupture of membranes, cesarean section, vaginal birth


Vehicle detection, as an important technology for urban intelligent transportation system, is having attracted increasingly interests of researchers in recent years. For the time cost problem of traditional road vehicles testing approach, a moving region extraction method based on Gaussian model is used to reduce the scanning area of the window, exclude some background noise and improve test speed. For the problem of traditional single feature, relatively lower detection rate and lack of ability to adapt to complex environment, a method based on the combination of Haar-like and 2bitBP (2bit Binary Pattern) features is adopted. Feature integration method enhances the expression of features. As a result, the improved classification performance of classifiers enables it to be adapted to different traffic environment. Firstly, a Gaussian mixture model is established to detect moving targets in overall region and then the Haar-like and 2bitBP features extraction are carried out in the region. At the end the action of cascading classification on samples achieve the detection of moving vehicles. The experimental results show that the method is effective for vehicle detection.


Narrative is among the richest and most complete literary types in terms of the power of experiencing the new dimensions of the narrative. Magical realism is a new artistic form in which two complete flaws, the events of everyday life and unreasonable fantasy elements are mixed in such a way that the distances between them disappear. This kind of narration dictates a lot of new criteria to the narrative structure that need us to research in these structural features in order to understand the narration and taste of the beauty of the text, which makes it (text) open into marvelous spaces. This research, through a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks in " Hares Al-Miah" Novel, as one of the best examples of magical realism, to identify the constituent elements of the structure of validity and the extent to which they are beneficial in establishing Magic realism and emphasizes the element of language as the first instrument of making magic tales in a way that it has a clear role in linking with other elements of the structure of the artistic creation. The narrative mechanisms forming the magic realism discourse help for the sake of linguistic and marvelous texture with their semantic dimensions and the use of descriptive efficiency to function in their own functions. Language and description are mixed and proceed in one direction towards constructing a structure that surprises the reader with its magic and the experience of a style that regulates narrative with its poetic character


Despite growing environmental awareness and the efforts of a variety of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) to influence the wildlife protection policy agenda, wildlife laws remain outside the remit of mainstream criminal justice and their enforcement is often a fringe area of policing whose public policy and enforcement response significantly relies on NGOs. White's (2012) regulation theory analysis identifies that third parties such as NGOs often play a significant role in investigating and exposing environmental harm and offending and have become a necessity for effective environmental law enforcement. In wildlife trafficking, NGOs are an essential part not only of practical enforcement regimes, but also the development of effective policy acting as: policy advisors, researchers, field investigators, expert witnesses at court, scientific advisors, casework managers, and, in the case of a small number of organisations, prosecutors playing a significant evidence-based role in policy development and law enforcement. This paper argues due to failures in traditional criminal justice responses, the global wildlife enforcement movement, made up of international and transnational organisations like WWF and Humane Society International and complemented with policy networks such as Animal Defenders International and the Coalition Against Wildlife Trafficking (CAWT) provides a model for transnational law enforcement. Critically examining NGOs anti-wildlife trafficking practices this paper argues that while over-reliance on NGOs may be undesirable they have become effective enforcement/policy actors stepping in to address the failure of states and national justice systems to deal with this area of transnational environmental crime.


Abstract : Since 1990, there has been a significant increase in the number of military operations requiring nations to contribute forces as part of a multinational alliance or coalition. Evidence suggests that differences in the organizational and national cultures of contributing countries can impact the operational effectiveness of the multinational force. The purpose of the NATO Human Factors and Medicine (HFM) Research Task Group (RTG) on Multinational Military Operations and Intercultural Factors (RTG-120) was to consider the intercultural factors that influence multinational military collaboration in the areas of organizational factors; leadership and command; teams; pre-dispositional and psycho-social factors; communication; technology; and societal factors. Throughout these areas, a common theme was the need to instill greater cultural sensitivity and awareness through pre-deployment programs and training for all military personnel. It is hoped that the knowledge generated on these topics will promote an understanding of diversity in the areas of human culture, organizations and technologies of relevance to multinational military operations, and ultimately contribute to the effectiveness of these collaborations.


The relevance of the research is determined by the need for the dissimilation of the experience of the effective use of university technoparks in the process of organizing the educational and professional activities of future teachers. The research is based on synergetic, personality-oriented, competence-based, activity-based approaches to the development and implementation of the pedagogical process. The general scientific methodological basis of the process under study and its conceptual framework were a systematic approach that allows us to consider it as a single whole in all the diversity of internal and external relations with the elements of the educational environment of the University technopark. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of experimental work on the methodological preparation of future teachers for the inclusion of schoolchildren on the basis of the university technopark. To analyze the readiness of future teachers for the inclusion of schoolchildren, the levels of its formation were determined: low, medium, potentially high, and actually high. The experimental work was carried out with students – future teachers – and had a step-by-step nature. At the stage of the ascertaining experiment, a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the initial level of formation of the readiness of future teachers for the inclusion of schoolchildren was carried out. At the stage of the formative experiment, educational work was carried out with students aimed at forming their readiness for the inclusion of schoolchildren within the framework of the academic discipline Education of Persons with Disabilities and industrial (technological in the system of inclusive education) practice. The key form of the educational process was the workshops of students' professional tests, as specially organized educational tests that provide immersion in the simulated elements of educational and professional activities of future teachers in order to gain experience of actions and build an individual trajectory of their professional formation and development. At the stage of the control experiment, the dynamics of the level of formation of the future teachers' readiness for the inclusion of schoolchildren was analyzed. A comparative analysis of the level groups of students at the ascertaining and control stages of the experimental work showed a decrease in the group of a low level of formation of the readiness of future teachers for the inclusion of schoolchildren from 26% to 5%. There was also an increase in the potentially high-level group from 26% to 53% of respondents. The performed experimental work revealed the positive dynamics of the formation of the readiness of future teachers for the inclusion of schoolchildren in the conditions of the university technopark and also confirmed the validity of the formulated theoretical provisions underlying the model of their methodological training.


This paper presents the 3D transient equation of heat conduction and its equivalent functional equation, and analyzes and calculates the sudden short current and stator heat generation. According to the structural symmetry of a hydro-generator's ventilation system, the model of stator temperature field is determined as a range of half tooth, half slot and half axial height. Heat conductivity coefficients of iron core and stator winding, as well as heat convection coefficients of each surface, are calculated. Iron and copper losses are deduced by electromagnetic analysis. Then, the transient temperature field of a kind of hydro-generator under sudden short circuit is calculated. The variation of temperature field of the slot for the investigated electric machine can be obtained through thermal analysis and calculation.


Objective To understand the mental status of unmarried pregnant women at termination of pregnancy.Methods Six hundred and sixty-eight unmarried pregnant women at termination of pregnancy were divided into the middle school students group and young women group and investigated by SCL-90.Results Except the factor of forcing(P0.05),other factors were higher than those in the national norm(P0.05).The middle school students group was larger than the young women group in terms of total positive score,average score of positive symptoms,number of positive items,with statistical significance,respectively(P0.05).Conclusion Psychological obstacles exist among unmarried pregnant women at termination of pregnancy.Medical workers should pay attention to them,giving them mental intervention and should be suggested to make lectures on physiological hygiene and sexual knowledge.


The author argues that self-determination, long lauded as an essential tool used to cast off the chains of empire and build responsive, democratic societies, now serves to undermine democracy by encouraging ethnic fragmentation. Recognizing that every ethnic group cannot feasibly have its own nation-state, the author encourages the incorporation of many ethnic groups into governments and allows for the necessity of according such groups different levels of autonomy. Pluralism's moderating effect on political leadership and public policy is enhanced in diverse societies that embrace rather than shun different ethnic groups. The author recommends that the United States and the international community stop lending its moral support to movements for ethnic self-determination.


As China's economic development level keeps on improving, market economy is ever-changing. With the progress and development of computer technology, business accounting and finance management also becomes informatized and programmed. The wide application of SRP system exerts profound influence on business accounting and finance business accounting and finance management. ERP can obtain accurate results in both data integration and problem analysis and can offer reliable basis for business accounting and finance management. Considering business accounting and finance play a n increasingly great role in enterprises, ERP system is also under continuous improvement and development in order to enable enterprises to gain more economic benefits and social benefits.


Abstract Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a promising technique for advanced low-temperature combustion strategies that offers a high fuel conversion efficiency and low nitrogen oxide and soot emissions. One of the major problems associated with HCCI combustion engine application is the lack of direct control for combustion timing. A proposed solution for combustion timing control is to use a binary fuel blend in which two fuels with different autoignition characteristics are blended at various ratios on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Because dual-fuel diesel—natural-gas engines have already been used, a fuel blend of n-heptane (diesel-like fuel) and natural gas (mostly methane) is one of the best available options. The objective of this study is to optimize the chemical kinetic mechanisms available for n-heptane and natural gas to be used in a binary-fuel blend scenario. Using the genetic algorithm method, a combined mechanism was optimized and modelling results were verified against experimental results. The agreement between experimental and modelling results was found to be acceptable within the examined conditions. As a result, an optimized chemical kinetic mechanism for an n-heptane—natural-gas blend is presented.


Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are widely acknowledged as the backbone of the European economy. According to EUROSTAT statistics [1], [2], 29.6% of the EU employees work in micro enterprises (<10 employees), while 20.6 % are employed in small firms (<50 employees). Indeed, half of the European workforce is working in small and micro enterprises (with great variations between sectors). It is therefore very important that small and micro enterprises manage occupational safety and health (OSH) adequately. This implies serious challenges. In this paper the characteristics of OSH Management in small and micro enterprises is central to the discussion. Attention is paid to the specific characteristics of small and micro enterprises, as they cut across sector and industry; the OSH performance for this broad group of firms; the consequences for OSH management strategies; and the importance and possibilities of OSH supporting structures.


Along with a discussion of the CEDAR-FOX results, four of 21 discriminating elements described by Huber and Headrick in their text Handwriting Identification: Facts and Fundamentals (1999) were applied to investigate the genuineness of an 1846 handcrafted satirical newspaper called the "Hydrarchos." As the writership of the "Hydrarchos" was unknown when the author purchased the original document in 2009, and because the author's research pointed to Herman Melville as the probable writer, he approached Professor Sargur Srihari director of the CEDAR-FOX project at the University of Buffalo to see if Dr. Srihari's scientific methodology and handwriting research could assist in determining whether Melville wrote the "Hydrarchos." Once Dr. Srhihari and his colleagues' research (2010, 2013) confirmed that Melville was the likely writer of the "Hydrarchos," the author decided to use a more traditional approach to see if the techniques used by forensic document examiners would substantiate the CEDAR-FOX results.
Purchase Article - $10


ABSTRACT Lactoferrin (LF) is a prominent protein in milk, and is present in many other secretory fluids and white blood cells. The variation of LF content in milk is possibly regulated by multiple environmental factors such as milk composition and endogenous factors. In this study, we analysed the variations of LF in both milk and plasma of 20 Xinong Saanen goats and its related factors. Firstly, LF content in colostrum was 222.6 ± 41.57 μg/mL, and then throughout the lactation period the mean concentrations remained stable, ranged between 34.61 and 51.94 μg/mL. The LF concentration in plasma fluctuated between 173.56 and 246.20 μg/mL during the entire lactational period. There was no correlation between the milk and plasma LF concentrations (P > .05). However, LF in milk was closely correlated with milk lactose, protein and SNF contents (P < .01), but not with milk fat and total solids (P > .05). In addition, LF concentration in milk was correlated with the lactation stage (P < .01). Further studies are required to investigate these factors that cause LF variations in the milk of Xinong Saanen goat.


While commonly used in practice, some researchers have objected that competency models are not rigorously developed. The current study examines the utilization of development methods and the influence on the level of comfort with legally defending the competency model. Results indicated practitioners were more comfortable legally defending a model that was developed through SME interviews. Defending your competency model: Sit back, relax and get comfortable Competency modeling is an idea that emerged in the 1970's, when McClelland coined the use of competencies and suggested measuring competence for performance outcomes rather than intelligence (McClelland, 1973). Taking McClelland's research a step further, Prahalad and Hamel (1990) expanded the idea of competencies to include "core competencies", which are characteristics that are shared at the organization level with all employees. Since then, the idea of competency modeling and "core competencies" is one that has appealed to organizations and become more ubiquitous. In fact, organizations are spending more money on competency models than they did fifteen years ago, reflecting their popularity in organizations (Graber, 2015). Despite the popularity of competency models, their use in organizations has also been scrutinized by researchers (Reed, Bullis, Collins, & Paparone, 2004; Shippmann et al., 2000). Critiques revolve around the idea that competency models lack developmental rigor and appropriate documentation (Shippmann etal., 2000). Both of these critiques can be problematic if the organization has to defend the competency model in court. While authors have discussed how competency models should be developed, implemented, and used, research into examining how competency models are actually being used within organizations is lacking. This missing link is critical to the discussion of whether or not competency modeling lacks legal defensibility and leads organizations to asking the question of whether the money they are investing in their competency model is worthwhile.


The pre-translational interpretation of a literary text recently shifted the focus of attention to the issues of extralinguistic context, which structures the conceptual texture of a literary text. Pragmatic potential of a literary text involves much implicit information representing the author's intention to represent the meaning, which can be revealed basing on the complexity of background knowledge necessary for the correct interpretation. The main concern is that the translator's role is of a double-sided nature: first, this is the reader's position and then, this the author's position, who recreates the text in the target language. Therefore, the degree of the adequacy of translation of a literary text is impacted by the integrity of a maximal interpretation of pragmatic potential of a source text. The article emphasizes the importance of adequate interpretation of pragmatic intention regarding its verbalization through the context


Structured autobiographies were written by 352 male and 337 female entering freshmen. Separately for males and females, groups were formed of the high scorers (top 27%) and low scorers (bottom 27%) on each of the CPI variables, Achievement via Conformity (Ac) and Achievement via Independence (Ai). Chi square comparisons were made of the high and low scorers on all the variables resulting from a content analysis of the autobiographies. High-Ac male and female students perceived their parental and sibling relationships as more positive than the low-Acs. High-Ais report a less favorable perception of their mothers. During adolescence high-Ac girls apparently fare markedly better, while high-Ai boys seem significantly less happy and well adjusted during this period.


Abstract The concurrent and long-term effects of restricted feeding of ewe hoggets during winter and/or the subsequent post-winter period until first joining were measured in 728 Merinos born in 2 years. Following the cessation of differential nutrition in each year all groups grazed together until the end of the experiment. The liveweight gain difference of 5.6 kg at the end of winter was reduced to only 1.6 kg at first joining at 1.5 years of age, and 0.5 kg at joining at 4.5 years of age. There was a large effect of restricted winter nutrition on mating performance when post-winter nutrition was also restricted. At 1.5 years of age the percentage of ewes mated in the first 17 days of joining was reduced by 20.4 and the percentage of ewes not mated after 51 days of joining increased by 20.9. Low plane winter feeding reduced hogget greasy fleece weight by 0.25 kg. A difference of 15.1 kg at first joining because of differential post-winter nutrition reduced to 1.2 kg at 4.5 years of age. Low plane post-w...


The aggregate funded status of state and local pension plans declined in fiscal year (FY) 2016, because liabilities continued to grow steadily while poor stock market performance led to slow asset growth. Thus, the ratio of assets to liabilities fell whether measured by the old Governmental Accounting Standards Board standard (GASB 25), which uses a smoothed value of assets, or by the new standard (GASB 67), which values assets at market. While the new standard has been in effect since 2014, m ost plans also still report numbers under the traditional rules. As such, this brief provides a multi-year comparison of the two approaches. The discussion is organized as follows. The first section reports that the ratio of assets to liabilities for the 170 plans in the Public Plans Database decreased from 73 percent in 2015 to 72 percent in 2016, as measured by the traditional GASB standard; and from 73 percent to 68 percent, as measured by the new standard. The second and third sections separately evaluate the changes in assets and liabilities, respectively. The fourth section shows that, for the sample as a whole, both the required contr ibution and the percentage of required contribution paid have remained relatively constant since 2015. The fifth section projects funded ratios for our sample for 2017-2021 under two scenarios of investment performance. Even though 2017 has been a very good year in terms of market returns, plan funded ratios are projected to grow only modestly by 2021 even if plans achieve their assumed returns (currently 7.6 percent on average). The final section concludes that, in order to see more meaningful improv ement in funded levels going forward, plans need to set and pay a more sufficient actuarially determined employer contribution, in addition to achieving their assumed returns.


Kelly Wickersham is a doctoral student in the department of Educational Leadership and Policy analysis at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research focuses on the complexity of community college student pathways through higher education and subsequent persistence and success. The Review of Higher Education Spring 2017, Volume 40, No. 3, pp. 427–464 Copyright © 2017 Association for the Study of Higher Education All Rights Reserved (ISSN 0162–5748)


The Internet drives the hottest stocks on Wall Street, shapes technological innovation, and fills the pages of the world's presses. What does this mean for society, government, commerce, and other institutions? How will the way we live, work, learn, profit, govern, and communicate.


Initially the scope of copyright protection only focused on conventional objects of creation. However, along with technological developments and advances, the object of copyright protection is expanding on the forms of creation in the form of science, art, and literature are digitized. Copyright Laws that are currently still experiencing some problems in order to provide protection to the creative works expressed through the internet media. Therefore, it is interesting to examine the legal protection against copyright infringement through internet media based on Law Number 28 Year 2014. The method used in this research is normative legal research. Sources of data used in this research are secondary data, namely data obtained from legislation, scientific journals, and legal literature. Data collection techniques used in this research is literature study. Data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative analysis. The results of this research indicate that the development and advancement of technology increasingly facilitate the occurrence of violations of Copyright through the internet media are hijacked, copied, and traded in the midst of society. Although in Law Number 28 Year 2014 has been set about bans and strict criminal sanctions, but due to weak regulation and lack of legal awareness of the public make law enforcement of Copyright is not running optimally.


The EISCAT VHF initial operations have shown capabilities in probing the topside ionosphere up to altitudes of at least 1000 km. A new method, presented in the companion paper by Wu et al. (1992), computes the H + vertical velocity from the main ionospheric parameters measured by the radar. The present paper tests this method in a fully controlled sequence which consists of generating an ideal ionospheric model by solving the coupled continuity and momentum equations for a two-ion plasma (O + and H + ); synthetic Auto Correlation Functions (ACF) are then generated from this model with the radar characteristics and used as actual measurements to compute the H + vertical velocities. These latter values can then be compared with the true ones. Results of these simulations are shown and discussed for three cases of typical (8% at 950 km altitude, cases a and c) and low (3% at 950 km, case b) Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and for low (5% at 950 km, cases a and b) and increased (20% at 950 km, case c) H + mixing ratios. In most cases a general agreement is found between computed H + velocities and generic ones within the altitude range considered in this study, i.e. 200-1000 km. This shows that the method is reliable and stimulates future studies with actual radar data


A novel luminescent acetylenediide-bridged tetranuclear copper(I) complex [Cu4(mu-Ph2Ppypz)4(mu 4-eta 1,eta 2-C identical to C)]-(ClO4)2 [Ph2Ppypz = 2-(diphenylphosphino-6-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine] has been synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography.


The new environmental law implemented from 2015 defined the basic principles for the first time.These principles are the embodiment of formalized rule of law and this amendment releases the signal that environmental law should build and develop the interpretation system centers at the basic principles. The environmental justice issues originated from America also consists in China because of requirements for economic development and environmental protection. The new law established "conservation priority" principle, "prevention and comprehensive management" principle, "public participation" principle, "saboteur responsibility" correspond to the environmental justice theory profoundly. Analyzing the principles of new environmental law from environmental justice perspective is a way to enrich the interpretation of principles and provide a path for the legalization of environmental law and unification of formal and substantial rule of law.


The title compound N-(tert-butyl)-N'-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)acetyl)-5-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-4-carbohydrazide (C16H19ClN4NaO2S, Mr = 366.86) has been synthesized, and its structure was characterized by IR, 1H NMR, H RMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of the title compound belongs to triclinic, space group Pī with a = 8.464(2), b = 10.192(2), c = 11.757(2), α = 68.48(3), β = 76.31(3), γ = 80.86(3)°, Z = 2, V = 2024.6(10) 3, Dc = 1.333 g/cm3, μ = 0.339 mm-1, F(000) = 384, R = 0.0450 and wR (Ⅰ > 2σ(Ⅰ)) = 0.1234. X-ray analysis indicates one N-H…N intermolecular hydrogen bond and no π-π stacking interactions are observed in this crystal structure. The preliminary biological test shows that the title compound has fungicidal activity and antivirus activities against tobacco mosaic virus.


PKIs are used to provide scalability and ease key management. One type
of PKIs that is predominant for securing communications and data is
based on the X.509 standard. Since the security of PKIs, ultimately,
depends on the security of the cryptographic building blocks that are
used for authentication and encryption, the standards community made
algorithm agility a priority. Algorithm agility, in particular,
enables upgrading to newly available algorithms when needed. The
CompositeCrypto (i.e., CompositeKey and CompositeSignature structures)
described in this document provides an additional tool that enables
the use of multiple algorithms to authenticate data without the need
to use multiple certificates and more complex data structures. This
document provide the description of the definition and encoding rules
for CompositeKey and CompositeSignature. A description of how to use
these structures in main PKIX objects (e.g., X.509 certificates, CRLs,
OCSP responses, etc.) is also provided.


Due to the restriction of economic development and geological environment,raw-soil structures still prevail in rural area of Yunnan Province,which are designed and built by villagers themselves.As a result,the shock resistance of the buildings is not good.An experiment on compressive properties and shear properties of such adobe masonry is carried out.The influential factors of the strength of adobe masonry are then analyzed.Some advices and measures to improve the strength are finally presented.


The purpose of the study was to verify the acute metabolic responses of rats to high intensity exercise. Rats were distributed in groups: resting (REP) and acute exercise (EA). EA group performed an exercise session that consisted in jumps (4x10 jumps) in a swimming pool, supporting a load of 50% of body weight. After sacrifice, blood samples were collected to determine serum glucose, insulin, cholesterol, fatty free acids and corticosterone. Gastrocnemius muscle, heart and liver were used to determine glycogen concentration. The acute exercise session promoted increase of serum glucose, fatty free acids and corticosterone concentration. Muscle and liver glycogen contents, as well as serum insulin concentration were reduced after single exercise session. We conclude that acute single high intensity exercise session promoted utilization of muscle and liver carbohydrate store and favored consumption of the lipid sources.


The livestock sector is the largest source of anthropogenic methane emissions and is projected to increase in the future with the increased demand for livestock products. Here, we compare livestock methane emissions and emission intensities, defined by the amount of methane emitted per unit of animal proteins, estimated by different methodologies, and identify mitigation potentials in different regions of the world based on possible future projections. We show that emission intensity decreased for most livestock categories globally during 2000–2018, due to an increasing protein‐production efficiency, and the IPCC Tier 2 method should be used for capturing the temporal changes in the emission intensities. We further show that efforts on the demand‐side to promote balanced, healthy, and environmentally sustainable diets in most countries will not be sufficient to mitigate livestock methane emissions without parallel efforts to improve production efficiency. The latter efforts have much greater mitigating effects than demand‐side efforts, and hence should be prioritized in a few developing countries that contribute most of the mitigation potential.


Group S, 72.2 7.8 mg in Group B, 61.4 11 mg in Group BT and 58.3 17 mg in Group T. When Groups S and B were compared with Groups BT and T no significant differences were found. The time to first analgesic requirement was 34.2 4.8 min in Group S, 39 5.8 min in Group B, 107.8 23.4 min in Group BT and 118.8 25 min in Group T. When Groups B and S were compared with Groups BT and T significant differences were found (P 0.001). We did not observe any sideeffects. Pang and colleagues [4] in a study in which they injected 25 mg tramadol i.m. and examined its local anaesthetic effect, demonstrated that tramadol has local anaesthetic activity. This mechanism accounts for strengthening of the local anaesthetic block achieved by perineural administration of the drug. Systemic absorption may have played a role but it has been demonstrated that local intraperitoneal bupivacaine and intraperitoneal meperidine were better than the combination of intraperitoneal bupivacaine and i.m. meperidine for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic tubal ligation demonstrating a local effect [5]. In our study, we found that tramadol when added to intraperitoneal bupivacaine was as effective in the early postoperative period as i.v. tramadol.


Fo l low ing quick ly on rumors that The New York TTmes'venerable—and much-mal igned—arch i tec tu re crit ic, Herbert Muschamp , w o u l d step d o w n , the paper has already quiet ly instal led his successor, Nicolai Ouroussof f , crit ic for The Los Angeles Times and a two t ime Pulitzer Prize f inal ist . Ouroussof f 's select ion, con f i rmed by /VVTculture edi tor Jona than Landman, came as litt le surpr ise to observers, w h o predicted that M u s c h a m p w o u l d be a l lowed to inf luence the select ion of his successor, a pr iv i lege said to have been granted to both of his predecessors. Ouroussoff is w ide ly seen as "Muschampl i te," w i t h a comparab le focus on the pos i t ion of archi tecture w i t h i n aesthetic, social, and pol i t ical currents, rather than the nuts and bol ts of a bui ld ing 's design and const ruct ion. "He's s imi lar to Herbert in that there's continued on page 2 TH


Diet changes are a primary lifestyle change recommended in the treatment of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), however, it is not clear which diet components are the most important to target. In the U.S., the consumption of fructose has increased nearly 50% and, on average, adolescents have a high intake (12% of total daily calories).1 Diets high in fructose are known to increase plasma lipids and oxidative stress2, both areas suspected in NAFLD pathogenesis. Recently, NAFLD patients were found to consume more fructose compared to matched controls.3 Given this and our previous animal studies4, we designed a pilot study evaluating a low-fructose diet in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.


Inspired by the image nonlocal self-similarity (NSS) prior, structural sparse representation (SSR) models exploit each group as the basic unit for sparse representation, which have achieved promising results in various image restoration applications. However, conventional SSR models only exploited the group within the input degraded (internal) image for image restoration, which can be limited by over-fitting to data corruption. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid structural sparse error (HSSE) model for image deblocking. The proposed HSSE model exploits image NSS prior over both the internal image and external image corpus, which can be complementary in both feature space and image plane. Moreover, we develop an alternating minimization with an adaptive parameter setting strategy to solve the proposed HSSE model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed HSSE-based image deblocking algorithm outperforms many state-of-the-art image deblocking methods in terms of objective and visual perception.


Poetic experiences seem ineffable and rare, but they occur more often than one would assume. Think of gazing at the stars and feeling incredibly small. The joy that stepping in fresh snow brings and makes you appreciating being part of nature. Or standing on top of a mountain and admiring the view, being in awe. See? It is not necessary to be a poet in order to have the same sort of experience as one; neither is reading a poem a prerequisite for poetic experiences of the everyday. This graduation project was a research project to make a first exploration into the possible applications of poetic experiences in product design. Interviews and generative sessions provided examples of moments that are poetic. Analysis through the Grounded Theory approach culminated into a framework that explains what people go through during poetic experiences and what influences them. One of the conclusions of the research is that people have poetic experiences without knowing why they are poetic. There is potential in the field of design to cultivate this awareness in users and improving their wellbeing.


Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1979 - Title I: Findings, Policy, and Definitions - Declares it the purpose of this Act to preserve for the benefit of present and future generations certain lands in the State of Alaska in order to: (1) preserve unrivaled scenic, geologic, and wildlife values; (2) perpetuate significant and diverse ecosystems; (3) protect and preserve cultural values of Native and non-Native people; (4) provide recreation; (5) maintain wilderness resource values; (6) preserve rivers; (7) maintain opportunities for research; and (8) utilize natural resources, consistent with sound ecological principals. Provides that: (1) intangible values should be considered on an equal basis with tangible values; (2) the management policies should cause the least adverse impact possible to people who depend on subsistence uses of resources; and (3) the interests of the State of Alaska and the Native Corporations shall be continuing considered in carrying out provisions of this Act to maintain a viable economy and provide employment for citizens of Alaska. Title II: National Park System - Designates as units of the National Park System: (1) Aniakchak National Monument; (2) Bering Land Bridge National Monument; (3) Cape Krusenstern National Monument; (4) Gates of the Arctic National Monument; (5) Kenai Fjords National Monument; Kobuk Valley National Monument; (7) Lake Clark National Monument; (8) Noatak National Monument; (9) Yukon-Charley National Monument; and (10) Katmai NAtional Monument. Expands and redesignates: (1) Mount McKinley National Park by the addition of Denali National Monument to be redesignated as Denali National Park; and (2) Glacier Bay National Monument by the addition of 40,000 acres to be redesignated as Glacier Bay National Park. Establishes as units of the National Park System: (1) Aniakchak National Preserve; (2) Lake Clark National Preserve; and (3) Noatak National Preserve; and (4) Wrangell-St. Elias National Preserve. Establishes


25 Malone et al. (2011) investigated the effects of different training paradigms on the day–by26 day retention of learned motor patterns. In this forum article, a description and assessment 27 of the methods used will be presented. The interpretation of the findings will be extended 28 and the possible implications will be discussed. Finally, alternative explanations of the 29 possible regions involved in motor pattern relearning will be provided. 30


To understand the quality of confined water in Huan County, Qingyang City and explore whether the water can be directly used as drinking water, this paper carried out the single component evaluation and comprehensive evaluation according to the national standard Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water (GB5749—2006) and Quality Standard for Ground Water (GB/T14848—2017). The result shows that the turbidity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, sulfate, chloride, fluoride and total σ radioactivity of in the single group of the confined water in Huan County, Qingyang City, cannot reach the national standard. In conclusion, based on the water quality analysis report and classification standard of the groundwater quality, the confined water quality of the water source in Huan County is poor, which cannot be directly used as the drinking water.


What is the most symmetric quadrilateral you can think of? Most people would say 'a square', but having given this (or any other) answer, can you create your own definition of a 'quadrilateral', and of 'most symmetric', so that you can justify your answer as a rigorous piece of mathematics? This is a challenging investigation because the answer may not be the obvious one. Often the main difficulty in solving a problem lies in finding appropriate definitions; here we must first consider the questions 'what is a quadrilateral?', and 'what is a symmetry of a quadrilateral?'.


We consider free vibrations of an infinite ideal homogeneous string, that described in the laboratory reference by the equation u tt = a 2u xx. We propose a model in which the role of frames is performed by the standing waves. The concept of motion in the model is analyzed. It is shown that there exist an infinite number of equivalent frames of reference moving relative to each other. Distances, intervals of time, speeds obey the formulas of special theory of relativity, in which the role of invariant speed is performed by the constant a.


The contemporary administrative procedure system has its own perfective coure and developmental characters.That is:from the unitary objective proceedtings to paying epual stress on subjective proceedings and objective proceedings.Form laying special emphasis on legal review to merge resonable review with legal review.From rigidly concrete list to combining concrete list with general stipulation.From the single standard to pluralistic standard.From only stressing to the relief after the event to giving consideration both relief after the event and the relief in advance.The affect of court,from the negativeness to positiveness


Differences and trends in the discourse of memory in France have been consistent since the publication by Henri Bergson of Matter and Memory in 1896. In History, Memory and Forgetting published in 2000, Ricœur's approach goes further than Bergson, Durkheim and Halbwachs. The memory issue in Ricœur is closely linked to a "hermeneutics of the self" that he already introduced in Oneself as Another in 1990. It seems that the traditional paradigm between individual and collective memory has been replaced by the affirmation of the dialogical nature of memory related to the dialogical nature of being a self and an other.


Neurodynamical models of recurrent networks are characterized by their topology, by interactions between the elements sitting at the nodes of a network and by intrinsic dynamics of these local subsystems. In the present paper we give some relationship between Lyapunov's exponents and the recurrent neural network model described by the system of delay-differential equations. We investigate the dynamic properties of the specific class of nonlinear delay-differential equations by studying the asymptotic behaviour of their solutions by means of Lyapunov's exponents.


A HPLC method was validated for determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in cereals. Samples were extracted with chloroform in presence of phosphoric acid solution, OTA was isolated by liquid–liquid partitioning into aqueous bicarbonate solution. The sample solution is cleaned-up on a C 18 column and OTA is eluted with ethyl acetate–methanol – acetic acid mixture. OTA is identified by reversed phase liquid chromatography and quantified by fluorescence detector. The limit of quantification (1 µg/kg) was found to be significantly lower than current regulatory EU limits. The average recovery of OTA from several different levels varied between 70 and 120%. The reproducibility expressed as relative standard deviation was 10.3%. The method showed to be linear from the limit of quantification up to 40 µg/kg level. The method accuracy was confirmed by participating in 7 proficiency testing (PT) programs organized by FAPAS, CSL, UK during the last 3 years (2004-2007). Two approaches were used for estimating measurement uncertainty; using validation data and PT results. The measurement uncertainty in terms of expanded uncertainty expressed as relative standard deviation (at 95% confidence level and coverage factor K= 2) was less than ±29%. The proposed method was applied to 78 samples of cereals and grains collected from the local Egyptian markets; OTA was detected in 3 samples.


The train of thought that I wish to pursue here was initiated by Edward T. Cone's recent essay 'The World of Opera and its Inhabitants'. To the extent that my views diverge from his I suppose I may be taken for a critical adversary. But I prefer to think of the present effort as more a continuation and development of Professor Cone's ideas than an attempt to refute or criticise them. It is in the spirit of ongoing research rather than the more common one, in my profession, of philosophical confrontation that I offer remarks on the general questions, as posed by Cone: 'How does the world of opera differ from other dramatic worlds? Who are the people that inhabit it, and what sorts of lives do they lead there?' More particularly, my question is: What is the nature of operatic utterance? How are operatic characters 'saying'? In the first section of my paper I will present Professor Cone's answers to these questions. In the second I will go on what will appear, no doubt, to be a completely tangential excursion into R. G. Collingwood's philosophy of art. But in the final two sections I will try to weave these two seemingly disparate strands together into an answer of my own to the questions that Professor Cone has so insightfully raised. Perhaps 'an answer of my own' is too strong a phrase to use, implying something more like disagreement than is actually the case. So a better way of describing my whole enterprise, and the final sections especially, is 'variations on a theme by Cone'.


During the past decade, nine papers have obtained increasingly strong consequences from the assumption that boolean or bounded-query hierarchies collapse. The final four papers of this nine-paper progression actually achieve downward collapse---that is, they show that high-level collapses induce collapses at (what before-the-fact seemed to be) lower complexity levels. For example, for each k ≥ 2 it. is now known that if one query to σpk is as powerful as two queries to σpk (i.e., PΣ[1] = PΣ[2]), then PH = σpk. This article surveys the history, the results, and the method---the so-called easy-hard technique---of the just-mentioned nine-paper progression:1. J. Kadin. The polynomial time hierarchy collapses if the boolean hierarchy collapses. SIAM Journal on Computing, 17(6):1263--1282, 1988. Erratum appears in the same journal. 20(2):404.2. K. Wagner. Number-of-query hierarchies. Technical Report 158, Institut für Mathematik. Universität Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany, October 1987.3. K. Wagner. Number-of-query hierarchies. Technical Report 4. Institut für Informatik. Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, February 1989.4. R. Chang and J. Kadin. The boolean hierarchy and the polynomial hierarchy: A closer connection. SIAM Journal on Computing. 25(2):340--354. 1996.5. R. Beigel. R. Chang. and M. Ogiwara. A relationship between difference hierarchies and relativized polynomial hierarchies. Mathematical Systems Theory. 26(3):293--310, 1993.6. E. Hemaspaandra, L. Hemaspaandra. and H. Hempel. An upward separation in the polynomial hierarchy. Technical Report Math/Inf/96/15, Institut für Informatik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany, June 1996.7. E. Hemaspaandra, L. Hemaspaandra, and H. Hempel. A downward collapse within the polynomial hierarchy. SIAM Journal on Computing, 28(2):383--393, 1999.8. H. Buhrman and L. Fortnow. Two queries. In Proceedings of the 13th Annual IEEE Conference on Computational Complexity. 13--19. IEEE Computer Society Press, June 1998.9. E. Hemaspaandra, L. Hemaspaandra, and H. Hempel. Translating equality downwards. Technical Report TR-657. Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. April 1997.


(57) Abstract: The present invention uses skin containing the following components is intended for the safe aqueous odor absorbing composition: The 5% solubilized from 0.1% by weight of the composition, water-soluble of, uncomplexed cyclodextrin; 0.1 percent by weight of 36% of the composition, emollients, humectants, and the oily phase selected from the group consisting of skin-protective agents; emulsifying; and an aqueous carrier. Odor absorbing composition of the invention may also contain an effective amount of hydrophobic antimicrobials. The present invention also relates to the use of cyclodextrin-containing compositions for the production of safe odor absorbing compositions are also used on the skin to control or body odor of the environmental odor of skin, vaginal odor mitigation.


A novel active-clamp dual-switch flyback converter is proposed,which overcomes the disadvantage of high voltage stress on the main switch in conventional flyback converter.The main switches and auxiliary switch of the proposed converter all realize ZVS.Meanwhile,the rectifier diode on the secondary achieves ZCS.Additionally,the duty cycle can be extended to more than 50% by slope compensation.The converter makes full use of leakage inductor energy to achieve ZVS and does not use any snubber.Thus,it is favorable for high efficiency,wide input range capacity applications and is suited for the high input voltage occasions.The detail operation principles,characteristics and design principles are presented and the validity and applicability are also verified on a 127~330 V input,18.6 V/5 A output prototype.


Following the introduction of the model, the book's chapters consist of a series of literature reviews corresponding to the rubrics in the model: social policy, community, work and family, and individual health choices. Each chapter is followed by many useful references from a wide variety of disciplinary sources, and each one raises many interesting questions. Unfortunately, the existing literature offers few answers, in part because most of the work cited does not directly address the "paradoxical gender differences in health" in which the authors are primarily interested, leading them in speculative directions largely unwarranted by the evidence presented. Perhaps the greatest inconsistency is between Bird and Reiker's emphasis on the putatively stressful nature of many women's lives—combining home, work, infant and child care, elder care, and so on— and the relative lack of evidence that these multiple roles are damaging to women's health. This is a critical inconsistency but one that the authors acknowledge only in passing. The authors' attention to macrolevel influences on health outcomes—in the form of social policies, local social and built environments, and workplace conditions—is important and salutary. Unfortunately, the structure of the book, with each chapter devoted to a single rubric in their model, makes it difficult to see the connections among the various levels. The impact of this emphasis on macrolevel influences is further diluted by Bird and Reiker's insistence on linking each and every variable to an individual "healthy choice," leading them into occasional absurdities, e.g., that once people are properly informed about their unhealthy environments they will make better choices about where to live. This is triply problematic: first it assumes that the fully informed, i.e. "rational," decision maker will select a neighborhood location on the basis of its "health"; second, that the option to move is available; and third, it depoliticizes the problem of environmental degradation: little room is left for social and/or political action to change the environment. The authors explicitly disavow "rational choice" models, but their insistence at every turn on the ideal of "healthy choice"—reducing morbidity and mortality to questions of consumer preference—belies their words. I would argue that systematic gender differences in morbidity and mortality rates, and in particular the variation in magnitude of these differences over time and place, are "social facts" in the Durkheimian sense of facts external to the individual, and that explanation for these differences should be sought in other "social facts"—aspects of gendered social and political organization— not in biological and/or psychological processes at the level of the individual. And so, although Bird and Reiker have identified an important set of problems and I laud their ambition, I believe that in their search for solutions they are barking up the wrong tree.


The article briefly presents a didactic research that analyzes the formation and introduction of scientific notions specific to Chemistry through active-participatory methods for obtaining higher school results, triggering students' interest, active involvement in their own training, thus ensuring the optimization of the teaching and learning chemistry to students with mental disabilities in special school. The fundamental objective of the research was to demonstrate the importance of active-participatory methods in the formation of notions in the Sciences curricular area in general, respectively in the discipline of Chemistry in particular, where the student becomes an active participant in his own training. Through active-participatory methods used in the process of learning, recovery and socialization of the mentally handicapped, it becomes possible to achieve the fundamental objectives of acquiring knowledge, to accelerate students' work pace, bring the class working together and train as many students as possible during the lessons. During the activities based on interactive methods organized in groups, it was found that the students modeled their behavior, the spirit of organization increased being more orderly and more involved in solving the work tasks received; interpersonal relationships and cooperation between students have improved (better students help their colleagues to understand the notions taught, this fact leading to an increase in their own results).


This research aims to examine the effectiveness of a thematic-based learning system regarding Indonesian culture and local wisdom for elementary school at Nurul Islam School Yogyakarta with observation and participatory approach. This study uses a thematic learning method which is an integration of learning from various interrelated subjects, with sub-methods including the process of observing, asking, trying, reasoning and communicating. As well as sub-methods of working together between parents and children to foster emotional closeness in the family. The result showed that the thematic-based social learning process was effective and was able to become a means for children of primary school age to know their identity as the Indonesian nation.


Purpose: To develop and evaluate a free-breathing respiratory motion compensated 4D (3D+respiration) T2-weighted turbo spin echo sequence with application to radiology and MR-guided radiotherapy. Methods: k-space data are continuously acquired using a rewound Cartesian acquisition with spiral profile ordering (rCASPR) to provide matching contrast to the conventional linear phase encode ordering and to sort data into multiple respiratory phases. Low-resolution respiratory-correlated 4D images were reconstructed with compressed sensing and used to estimate non-rigid deformation vector fields, which were subsequently used for a motion compensated image reconstruction. rCASPR sampling was compared to linear and CASPR sampling in terms of point-spread-function (PSF) and image contrast with in silico, phantom and in vivo experiments. Reconstruction parameters for lowresolution 4D-MRI (spatial resolution and temporal regularization) were determined using a grid search. The proposed motion compensated rCASPR was evaluated in eight healthy volunteers and compared to free-breathing scans with linear sampling. Image quality was compared based on visual inspection and quantitatively by means of the gradient entropy. Results: rCASPR provided a superior PSF (similar in ky and narrower in kz) and showed no considerable differences in images contrast compared to linear sampling. The optimal 4D-MRI reconstruction parameters were spatial resolution=4.5 mm3 (3x reduction) and λt = 1 · 10−4. The groupwise average gradient entropy was 22.31± 0.07 for linear, 22.20± 0.09 for rCASPR, 22.14± 0.10 for soft-gated rCASPR and 22.02± 0.11 for motion compensated rCASPR. Conclusion: The proposed motion compensated rCASPR enables high quality free-breathing T2-TSE with minimal changes in image contrast and scan time. The proposed method therefore enables direct transfer of clinically used 3D TSE sequences to free-breathing.


In the recent decade the laser drilling process has continually attracted new interests and has found increasing applications in the industry. Nowadays the most common industrial laser sources for laser drilling are the solid state ones with pulse length of the order of milliseconds, even if nanosecond and femtosecond pulse sources can also be found in industrial applications. The latter, short and ultrashort laser sources, are very promising since they are expected to generate the hole directly by vaporisation, leaving the hole surfaces free of molten and resolified layer, as well as very low amount of spatter. This paper reports an experimental study on microhole laser machining and on influence of some process parameters on the hole shape. The laser source used in the study was a pulsed, diode pumped, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The materials investigated were four different alloys (AISI 304 stainless steel, cp titanium, CuZn35 brass and IN718 alloy), provided as 0.5 mm thick commercial sheets. Since an experimental approach has been here preferred, the performed experimental plan has been designed by the analysis of variance technique. The influence of material type, as well as laser process parameters, like pulse frequency and pulse energy, have been investigated. Relevant geometrical features, like top and bottom hole diameter, taper angle, top and bottom aspect ratio, have been measured and analysed. Moreover, the geometric features of the top spatter as well as the metallurgical characteristics of heat affected zone has been investigated. The results have shown that pulse energy strongly affects both geometric and metallurgical hole features. On the other hand, pulse frequency does not seem to influence the hole shape in all material. The presence of spatter and metallographic analysis confirmed the production of molten layers in all material mainly around the hole entrance.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


This chapter describes the application of the Storage-Treatment (S-T) Block of the EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to design and/or analyze extended-de…