Summary Production of diacetyl and acetoin by starters in cold skim-milk and cream was shown to increase with increase in the proportion of starter culture added, with some limitations at the higher rates of starter addition. With Streptococcus diacetilactis starter in skim-milk at 50°F the relation between proportion of starter added and production of diacetyl was linear up to addition at the 4% level, whereas at 43°F it was approximately linear up to the 10% level. At both 50 and 43°F the relation between the proportion of starter added and the production of acetoin was linear up to the 10% level. With Camb starter in skim-milk at both 50 and 43°F there were regular increases in production of diacetyl up to the 4% level of addition, but only minor changes thereafter with increase in the proportion of starter added up to 10%. At both temperatures the maximum production of acetoin was reached with the 7% rate of addition. Production of diacetyl and acetoin in skim-milk was greater at 50°F than at 43°F with both starters for all proportions up to 10%, and it was greater for Str. diacetilactis than for the mixed cultures. Except at the higher rates of addition of starter and at the higher temperature there were no concomitant increases in the acidity of the milk or lowering of the pH values. It appears that at low temperatures production of diacetyl by starters in sweet milk and cream proceeds independently of production of lactic acid. Similar results were obtained in a series of experimental buttermaking trials and some small commercial-scale trials, in which varying proportions of starter were added to creams after pasteurizing and before holding overnight for churning. With the cream-holding temperatures used, mainly 40–50°F, the pH values of the butters were not appreciably lowered by the starter additions to the cream. At all the rates of addition there were with Str. diacetilactis starter higher contents of diacetyl in the butter than with Camb starter. There was no indication of any relationship between the proportion of starter added and the keeping quality of the butter.


Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare small intestinal malignancy, most commonly located in the duodenum (55% of cases) but also rarely in the jejunum and ileum, which is usually discovered at an advanced stage in the 6th to 7th decade of life due to nonspecific symptoms at presentation such as nausea, abdominal pain and weight loss. In some cases it is asymptomatic, and therefore usually has a poor prognosis. Qeios · Definition, February 10, 2020


The invention provides a finishing composite boring cutter for an engine race conduit. The finishing composite boring cutter comprises a cutter handle, a rear broaching cutter bar, a spring collet and a reamer, wherein the cutter handle is connected with the rear broaching cutter bar; the front side wall of the rear broaching cutter bar is provided with a blade; the front opening of the rear broaching cutter bar is sleeved with the spring collet; the rear end of the reamer is inserted into the collet chuck of the rear broaching cutter bar; the blade is arranged on a blade bearing; the front end of the rear broaching cutter bar is provided with an inner conical surface; the rear end of the spring collet is provided with an outer conical surface; the shape of the cutting edge of the reamer is formed into a micro-cutting structure, namely the cutting edge is formed into a step shape; and the rear end of the rear broaching cutter bar is provided with a flange, and the flange is connected with the cutter handle to adjust the bounce of the reamer at the front end. The finishing composite boring cutter has the characteristics of high precision and high durability.


Children can go to the beach every day at a nursery with its own idea of free flow. Gemma Taylor reports.


The effective control over the vesicle formation pathways is vital for tuning its function. Recently, a liquid–liquid phase-separated intermediate (LLPS) is observed before a vesicular structure during the solvent exchange self-assembly of block copolymers. Though the understanding of polymer structures and chemical compositions on the competition between LLPS and micellization has made some progress, little is known about the role of cosolvent on it. In this study, the influence of cosolvent on the vesicle formation pathways is investigated by using dissipative particle dynamics. The results show that the range of water fraction within which the LLPS is favored will be highly dependent on the affinity difference of cosolvent to water and to polymer repeat units. The change of the cosolvent–water interaction and the water fraction impact the distribution of cosolvent in the polymer domain, the miscibility between the components in the system as well as the chain conformations, which finally induce different self-assembly behaviors. Our findings would be helpful for understanding the LLPS and controlling the morphologies of diblock polymers in solutions for further applications.


The abdomen is among the most frequently requested regions for undergoing liposuction. However, liposuction alone is not always sufficient to address abdominal bulging, and it is likely that patients will require skin removal and muscle tightening by a secondary abdominoplasty. Few data exist in the literature regarding the limitations of secondary abdominoplasties following a previous liposuction. It is believed that because of skin retraction and tightening, much less skin can be removed than in a primary abdominoplasty. We report on a 70-year-old woman with significant abdominal bulging who underwent a primary liposuction but remained unhappy with the result. During a secondary abdominoplasty, the abdominal flap was widely undermined, and musculofascial repair and a pubic lift were added. However, it was not possible to excise the entire skin of the lower abdomen, and the defect resulting from the umbilicus excision left a vertical midline scar just above the horizontal scar. If we had resected the entire skin of the lower abdomen en bloc, major difficulties would have been encountered to close the wound. Because barriers to perform liposuctions are continually decreasing, young nulliparous women in particular should be informed that liposuction of the abdomen limits secondary abdominoplasties. Gertrude M Beer* Department of Macroscopic Anatomy, Plastic Surgical Anatomy, University Zürich-Irchel, Switzerland Gertrude M Beer Journal of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Remedy Publications LLC. 2016 | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | Article 1004 2 damaged by the initial liposuction and was flaccid and irregularly folded. Ultrasound confirmed the clinical findings of moderate diastasis recti and umbilical hernia. The distance between both rectus muscles was 3 cm at maximum. Prior to the operation, the patient was informed that the abdominal bulging could not be satisfactorily repaired because of the severe relaxation of the rectus muscles and because of the previous liposuction. Less skin would likely be resected than normal in an untreated abdomen. However, all the other problems would be addressed as usual. The patient agreed to undergo the procedure. The operation proceeded uneventfully; the abdominal flap was widely undermined, the umbilical hernia was closed, and musculofascial repair and a pubic lift were also performed [4]. To avoid over resection of the skin flap, a staged skin excision was performed after unfurling the considerably scarred and inelastic subcutaneous tissues. However, it was not possible to excise the entire skin of the lower abdomen; the defect resulting from the umbilicus excision could not be resected, and a vertical midline scar resulted just above the horizontal scar above the mons pubis (Figure 1B). The patient was encouraged to exercise and further train the abdominal and relaxed rectus muscles. Results and Discussion In this patient's secondary abdominoplasty, considerably less skin could be resected than usual in a primary abdominoplasty. If we had resected the entire skin of the lower abdomen en bloc (as is customary in a primary abdominoplasty), major difficulties would have been encountered to close the wound. Even if that had been possible under maximal tension, we would have feared a compromised blood supply and tissue loss at the incision line. Because we had anticipated these difficulties, we chose a staged resection and had to complete our excision that was already below the umbilicus. Cormenzana et al. [5] also reported that secondary abdominoplasties deserve special consideration. In their report, they considered secondary cases to be only those cases involving patients who had undergone an excisional abdomen contour surgery previously (primary abdominoplasty) and not a previous liposuction. They mentioned that a central secondary skin resection is very rare but is more likely a result of excessive central resection than of scarring. In summary, they concluded that the risk in their secondary cases was similar to that in the primary procedure. By contrast, Matarasso [3] stated that secondary operations, by their very nature, are fundamentally different from the primary procedure. He identified significant problems that may be encountered and made recommendations for treatment. In citing Cormenzana, Matarasso [3] stated that undermining must be even more extensive during the secondary procedure, but because of the "delay phenomenon", it may be safely performed. This undermining was shown to be necessary to recruit sufficient tissue to ensure appropriate wound location and closure. Because of the extensive scarring of Scarpa's fascia, he added that it might be useful to score the undersurface of the flap to unfurl and maximally expand the flap. To accomplish appropriate wound closure, he recommended staged excision, sometimes even at maximum flexion on the operation table. Patients with a previous abdominal liposuction should be informed about the different nature of the secondary procedure: less skin can be resected, and an additional vertical scar from the closed umbilical stalk is to be expected, thus creating more difficulties in gaining a perfect result. Because barriers to perform liposuction care continually decreasing, young nulliparous women in particular should be informed that liposuction of the abdomen limits secondary abdominoplasties.


Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic inflammatory dermatosis. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP (cAMP), a second messenger that controls key cellular functions, into its inactive forms. Selective inhibitors of PDE4, a cAMP-specific PDE, serve as potent antiinflammatory agents. Objectives To measure PDE4 gene expression in patients with AD before and after treatment with topical mometasone cream, in comparison to controls. Materials & Methods Twenty patients with acute and subacute AD were investigated. Skin biopsies before and after treatment were obtained for evaluation of PDE4 expression level by RT-PCR. Results The level of PDE4 mRNA was significantly higher in AD patients either before or after treatment compared to controls ( p < 0.001), and the level of PDE4 mRNA in AD patients significantly decreased following treatment ( p < 0.001). Conclusion Our study indicates that there is an increased level of PDE4 in AD lesions, suggesting that PDE4 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Targeting PDE4 (using PDE4 inhibitors) may herald a new era in the treatment of AD.


This article presents a keyframe-based, innovative map registration scheme for applications that benefit from recurring data acquisition, such as long-term natural environment monitoring. The proposed method consists of a multistage pipeline, in which semantic knowledge of the scene is acquired using a pretrained neural network. The semantic knowledge is subsequently employed to constrain the Iterative Closest Point algorithm (ICP). In this article, semantic-aware ICP is used to build keyframes as well as to align them both spatially and temporally, with neighboring keyframes and those captured around the same area but at a different point in time, respectively. Hierarchical clustering of ICP-generated transformations is then used to both eliminate outliers and find alignment consensus, followed by an optimization scheme based on a factor graph that includes loop closure. To evaluate the proposed framework, data were captured using a portable robotic sensor suite consisting of three cameras, a three-dimensional lidar, and an inertial navigation system. The data were acquired monthly over 12 months by revisiting the same trajectory between August 2020 and July 2021.


Series of amorphous silicon carbon nitride (a-SiCN) films are synthesized using RF-PECVD technique on glass and silicon substrates from precursor gas of silane, methane and nitrogen. In this work, the change in nitrogen flow rate from 0 sccm to 50 sccm is a mean used to vary the elemental composition and bonding properties which lead to change in optical properties. The films thickness varies between 327 nm to 944 nm. The changes for the stated properties are discussed against the change in the stated nitrogen flow rate. The optical properties are investigated by means of UV-VIS spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 190 nm to 2500 nm. The transmittance of the films at ultra-violet wavelength is found to increases with increase in nitrogen flow rate. The index of refraction, n obtained for SiCN films from transmittance and reflectance measurements is lower compared to SiC films. The films optical band gap increases from 1.74 eV to 2.08 eV before it decreases to 1.89 eV as nitrogen flow rate increases fro...


This retrospective study concerned 471 B-CLL patients registered in the SFGM-TC registry from Apr 1,984 to Feb 2,005, who underwent either autologous transplantation (n=313, 138 F and 175 M, median age = 54, 236 PBSC and 77 BM) or allogeneic transplantation (n=158, 78 F and 80 M, median age = 49, 76 PBSC, 81 BM and 1 cord blood cell transplant from 17 related and 141 unrelated donors). Among alloT patients, 50 were ABO incompatible and 70 sex-mismatched. The median interval diagnosis-transplantation was 32 months for autoT and 51 months for alloT. Just before conditioning 302 autoT and 143 alloT were evaluated for the disease status: 100 and 26 patients were in CR, 170 and 55 were in PR, 4 and 13 in stable disease (SD), 28 and 49 in progressive disease (PD) for autoT and alloT respectively. Among alloT patients, 73 received reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) and 85 standard conditioning (72 Cyt+TBI, 33 Fluda+TBI, 23 Fluda+Bu+ATG, 8 Cyt+Bu and 21 other). Before autoT the conditioning consisted of 224 Cyt+TBI, 45 BEAM and 44 other. After alloT, 71 patients developed an aGVHD ≥ grade II and 60 developed a cGVHD (25 limited and 35 extensive). The non-relapse mortality at 1 year was 29%. With a mean follow-up of 28 months for autoT and 40 months for alloT, the probabilities of 3-year, 5-year and 8-year overall survival were 80%, 66%, 45.5% after autoT and 52%, 48% and 35% after alloT respectively. An analysis aimed to determine the percentage of long-term survivors, or patients censored on the final plateau of survival curves was performed on alloT and autoT groups. A mixture model, gfcure with Splus statistical package determined the percentages of long-term survivors and its adequacy was verified graphically. The percentage of long-term survivors for the autoT group was 1.2%, with a mean survival length for uncured population of 160 months. Fig A shows that both curves were close and consequently shows good adequacy and the absence of a final plateau. The percentage of long-term survivors for alloT was 34.03% (figure1). Fig B shows rather good adequacy. The study of the impact of usual prognosis factors (age, time diagnosis-transplant, sex match, HLA match, CMV status, type of conditioning, BM or PBSC, ABO compatibility and disease status before transplantation) on the percentage of long-term survivors showed that only the status of disease at transplant had a significant impact: (CR vs SD or PD, HR: 0.11 [0.02–0.5] p=0.01 and PR vs SD or PD, HR: 0.30 [0.09–0.96] p=0.04). This study pointed out the possibility of curing B-CLL patients who responded to conventional chemotherapy with allogeneic transplantation rather than with autologous transplantation.


In the small non-state-owned enterprises,labor disputes occur as a result of many business information disclosures and labor contract canceling,which are likely to cause labor-capital disputes,unbeneficial to the normal operation of businesses,and social stability.The common causes of labor disputes are analyzed and some suggestions have been proposed as to the formulation of labor contract content and relevant procedures and perfection of interior regulation system within the enterprises to guard and prevent and solve labor disputes so as to establish harmonic labor-capital relationship.


life of the artist, including the events surrounding Michelangelo's dramatic flight from Rome in 1505 which, to be sure, surfaces in divine and slightly conflicting accounts. Michelangelo, after all is said and done, is not divine but instead the consummate liar of the Renaissance — surely one of Barolsky's more provocative claims. With what is left of Michelangelo as the author has delineated him, one is now tempted to ask, will the real Michelangelo please stand up, because he is certainly hard to pin down, and no lies here please!


To the Editor. —In their article regarding single-dose antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated urinary tract infections, Drs Philbrick and Bracikowski 1 emphasized that the studies they examined did not have sample sizes large enough to guard against a type II error. Therefore, the finding of "no statistically significant difference" between single-dose and multiple-dose therapy may be erroneous. The importance of the type II error and sample size in the interpretation of "negative" trials has been examined by other authors as well. 2-4 When Philbrick and Bracikowski reanalyzed the results using pooled data, they found a statistically significant difference in the cure rates from studies comparing single- and multiple-dose therapy with ampicillin or amoxicillin but no significant difference in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole studies. Even with pooled data, however, the sample sizes for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy were not large enough to guard against a type II error. After this meticulous analysis, the authors make a


MANETs operates without fixed framework and all nodes in network perform like a router in sequence to forward information next receiver. Since the pivotal point rein lack, MANETs are additionally pregnable routing attacks as against various grids. Routing is one of the most serious attacks of wormhole attacks that are easier to be implemented nevertheless harder detection. Generally, it operates in two phases; in the first phase, wormhole channel nodes tend to draw more and more traffic route, and by other phase, they loss the grid by altering or dropping the grid traffic. In MANETs, numerous writers have implemented diverse results to prevent attacks. In this paper, we proposed a trust and reputation management scheme for find out the trusted location in MANET environment.


Petrographic, petrochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic data are presented for granitoids and microdioritic enclaves from two Cretaceous stocks (Togouchi granodiorite and Tateiwayama granite porphyry) from the Togouchi-Yoshiwa district, northwest Hiroshima prefecture, SW Japan. The data are used to examine the genetic relationships between the microdioritic enclaves and their granitoid hosts. The granodiorite, granite porphyry and the microdioritic enclaves are all calc-alkaline in nature, and belong to the I-type ilmenite series. The Togouchi granodiorite has a Rb-Sr whole rock isochron age of 85.6 ± 4.7 Ma with an initial Sr isotope ratio (SrI) of 0.70634 ± 0.00012 (2σ). The Tateiwayama granite porphyry has a slightly younger Rb-Sr whole isochron age (77.4 ± 3.1 Ma) but similar SrI of 0.70653 ± 0.00015, suggesting that both stocks may have been derived from the same source. Despite diverse whole rock chemistry, the microdioritic enclaves in the respective intrusives have quite similar initial Sr and Nd isotope ratios, suggesting that they formed by fractional crystallization of a single magma, and also that the source of the enclaves in both intrusives had similar geochemical characteristics. In both stocks, however, the enclaves have distinctly lower initial Sr isotope ratios than their respective host rocks, indicating that they were derived from a different source than their hosts. In view of the geochemical and Sr-Nd isotope data, we infer that the enclave magmas were derived from a similar LILE- and LREE-enriched source to that of the Cretaceous basalts and gabbroic-dioritic rocks that are sporadically distributed in SW Japan. Such mafic to intermediate magmas were probably derived from the upper mantle, and transferred both heat and material to the lower crust, thus producing granitic magmas by partial melting. Successive mafic magmas or their differentiates could then have been injected into the granitic magma chamber, trapped and quenched, resulting in the formation of microdioritic enclaves in both granitic stocks.


Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted bacterium that was initially identified as a cause of nongonococcal urethritis in men.1 Associations with other genitourinary tract syndromes, including cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women, are now recognised, albeit with limited understanding of the natural history of infection.1,2 However, the significance of M. genitalium in asymptomatic individuals, including pregnant women, is uncertain. Local and international guidelines advise testing only symptomatic patients unless an asymptomatic person has had sexual contact with someone infected with M. genitalium or is to have genitourinary tract surgery that breaches the cervical barrier.3–5 We report the first data on the epidemiology of M. genitalium in an Australian hospital, including in pregnant women, and discuss the difficulties associated with testing asymptomatic patients for M. genitalium.


Simple Summary The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the non-starch polysaccharide enzymes cocktail (NSPEC) on growth performance, nutrient digestion and gas emissions on finishing pigs. The addition of the NSPEC into a corn-miscellaneous meal diet improved feed conversion ratio and increased the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude protein and gross energy of the finishing pigs. Furthermore, the digestible energy of the diet was also increased by the NSPEC supplementation in the diet. In addition, the inclusion of NSPEC in the corn-miscellaneous meal diet reduced carbon dioxide emissions of a finishing pig house. The accumulation of manure could increase the release of ammonia in a pig house. Abstract This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the addition of the non-starch polysaccharide enzymes cocktail (NSPEC) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gas emissions in a corn-miscellaneous meal-based diet for finishing pigs. The NSPEC is a combination of cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase, β-mannanase, α-galactosidase and pectinase optimized by assessing the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of corn-miscellaneous meal diet using an in vitro method of simulating digestion in the stomach and intestine of growing pigs. Growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy were measured. The gas concentration of ammonia, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane in the environmental assessment chambers were determined. The gas detecting period was divided into three frequencies of manure removal of every 1d, 2d and 3d. The addition of NSPEC into the corn-miscellaneous meal diet decreased feed conversation rate (FCR) and increased the ATTD of dry matter, crude protein, gross energy, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of pigs (p < 0.05). The digestible energy was also improved (p < 0.05) significantly by NSPEC supplementation in the diet. Furthermore, the supplementation of the NSPEC reduced (p < 0.05) carbon dioxide concentration in the chambers. The ammonia emissions were significantly increased according to average 1d, 2d and 3d manure removal procedures (p < 0.01). These results indicated that the inclusion of optimal NSPEC in a corn-miscellaneous meal diet improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility and reduced carbon dioxide emissions on finishing pigs. The accumulated manure could increase the release of ammonia in a pig house.


The stationarity of Land Mobile Satellite (LMS) channels is investigated. It is shown that the evaluation of the time-varying channel stationarity is essential before data processing for parameter extraction. This is illustrated by several examples using real-world datasets.


Since 1978, China has achieved splendid development in whole society through the reform and openness policy. As improving the quality of life for the Chinese, the interest in medical service deeply related with their health is becoming more popular. National attention in medical services encourages ...


In spring of 2011, a perennial storage of water was observed in the firn of the southeastern Greenland ice sheet, a region of both high snow accumulation and high melt. This aquifer is created through percolation of surface meltwater downward through the firn, saturating the pore space above the ice-firn transition. The aquifer may play a significant role in sea level rise through storage or draining freshwater into the ocean. We carried out a series of active source seismic experiments using continuously refracted P-waves and inverted the first P-arrivals using a transdimensional Bayesian approach where the depth, velocity, and number of layers are allowed to vary to identify the seismic velocities associated with the base of the aquifer. When our seismic approach is combined with a radar sounding of the water table situated at the top of the firn aquifer, we are able to quantify the volume of water present. In our study region, the base of the aquifer lies on average 27.7±2.9 m beneath the surface, with an average thickness of 11.5±5.5 m. Using a Wyllie average for porosity, we found the aquifer has an average water content of 16±8%, with considerable variation in water storage capacity along the studied east-west flow line, 40 km upstream of the Helheim glacier terminus. Between 2015 and 2016, we observed a 1-2 km uphill expansion of the aquifer system, with a site dry in summer 2015 exhibiting a water content of 530 kg m-2 in summer 2016. We estimate the volume of water stored in the aquifer across the entire region upstream of Helheim glacier to be 4.7±3.1 Gt, approximately 3% of the total water stored in firn aquifers across the Greenland ice sheet. Elucidating the volume of water stored within these recently discovered aquifers is vital for determining the hydrological structure and stability of the southeastern Greenland ice sheet.


Two siblings with congenital lymphedema had recurrent pleural effusions in adult life. The brother also had yellow toenails and thus represents an example of the syndrome of lymphedema, pleural effusions, and yellow nails. An immunologic deficiency state in these patients was suggested by recurrent bronchopulmonary and skin infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, and episodes of lymphopenia. The sister developed Hodgkin's disease terminally, an interesting occurrence in keeping with the increased incidence of lymphatic malignancies in patients with immunologic deficiency.


Copolymer of Methacrylonitrile (MAN) with Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was synthesized by free radical polymerization method by using bis (1-oxododecyl) peroxide as initiator in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 60C. The copolymer samples were characterized by FTIR, H-NMR, C-NMR and dielectric studies. The monomer reactivity ratio was computed both by Fineman-Ross (F-R) and Kelen-Tudos (K-T) methods. The reactivity ratio values revealed the formation of random copolymers. The formation of random copolymer was also supported by azeotropic composition evaluation method. The dielectric constant (ε) of methacrylonitrilemethyl methacrylate (MAN-MMA) copolymers was found to dependent both on temperature and frequency. The increase in dielectric loss (tan) with temperature is attributed to formation of more dipoles at higher temperatures. The Refractive index and molar refractivity and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) of the copolymers was also reported. The appearance of absorption bands corresponding to >C=O, -OCH3 and –CN groups and the vanishing of absorption bands corresponding to olefinic bond conforms the formation of MAN-MMA copolymer.


Traceability is extremely important when developing safety critical software systems. The automotive industry has strict regulations that require developers to be able to demonstrate traceability links from requirements to end products. Keeping traceability links up to date is a very expensive task; both financially and in terms of man hours. This paper conducts research into the effects of error detection and representation when traceability links become inconsistent. Additionally, we look at the effects of automating some of the process for fixing inconsistencies. The research is conducted by performing 2 experiments using a traceability management tool developed at Gothenburg University. The first investigates the use of notifications of issues and the second the use of automation when fixing issues. Our results showed that with notifications in small projects there is no significant difference when compared to finding and fixing issues manually. Our second experiment showed a significant difference in time when using automation to assist with fixing issues compared to correcting issues manually. Keywords—Traceability, requirements, software engineering, issue resolution.


Ultraviolet (UV) total solar irradiation, 290–385 nm (UVT), at ground level in Valladolid, Spain (lat. 41°40′N, long. 4°50′W and 840 m a.s.l.), has been recorded from February 2001 to June 2008. The temporal evolution of the UVT irradiation follows a sinusoidal pattern with maximums in summer and minimums in winter. A complete statistical study of hourly and daily values of UVT solar irradiation has been carried out. The results show that the stability is greater in the summer months and it can be concluded that the maximum values can be considered as representative of UVT irradiation. During an average year, the accumulated UVT solar irradiation is 244.5 MJ m−2. The relationships between UVT and global solar irradiation have been analysed finding a relationship of 4.2% between them. A potential relationship between both also provides good results. The dependence of UVT solar radiation with solar elevation and cloudiness has been studied. It can be concluded that solar elevation is the main factor to take into account for modelling the UV solar radiation. The dependence of UV/G ratio with cloudiness has been shown introducing the clearness index or global hemispherical transmittance (kt). This ratio has an increasing trend with the cloud cover and hence, it can be deduced that the presence of clouds reduces the global radiation more strongly than the UV component does. UV hemispherical transmittance (ktuv) has been evaluated. It has been found that ktuv values represent almost 70% of the global hemispherical transmittance in Valladolid city. With a potential relationship between both transmittances coefficient of determination values higher than 0.9 are also achieved. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society


Our research paper describes secure imaging system based on chaotic noise generating circuit. A chaotic system operates based on a synchronized Master–Slave Chaotic circuits. Indeed the analog circuit is used as a master generator having chaotic and random number. In that frame, chaotic behavior is so difficult to be predicted by analytical methods without knowledge of the initial condition. Moreover, the chaotic systems show unpredictable and complex behaviors. These characteristics, make the chaotic circuit's ideal tools for improving the level of security. Moreover, in this paper, new technique has been used, and the chaotic signal with the gray image signal are masked. The sender and receiver must be able to produce exactly the same chaotic noise in order to add and subtract same chaotic noise. This becomes possible with synchronization between Chaotic circuit. The results from the experiments with statistical tests prove that suggested gray encryption of the image and decryption on the basis of chaotic.


Nowadays, organisations function in an environment that is highly unpredictable and uncertain due to the permanent nature of change. Nkomo and Kriek (2004) suggest that the dynamics of this fast changing environment may be recapitulated by four themes, which are informationalism, diversity, globalization and networks. In the South African context tertiary institutions are no exception, especially if one thinks of these institutions as complex systems and as 'living beings'. The economic, social, political and legal context has a significant impact on the behaviour of these organisations. For example, in the post-apartheid era opportunities as well as challenges widened for companies to compete with organisations in the global international community (Park, 2003). The consequent fact of organisational life has been the intensification of the contest for survival and improvement in order to be successful in the contemporary business world. With information discovered, disseminated and communicated as promptly as the speed of light organisations are faced with the challenge of improving their efficient response to this new information.


We have carried out a phytosociological study of the thermophilous serial shrublands of the Valencian area (Spain), this is supported by an accompanying synthesis of the bioclimatic and dynamic relationships of the region. The shrubland investigated can be divided into four major groups. This present report includes the attached distribution maps and we have constructed flowsheets and a floristic key, which will aid in the rapid and sample identification of the various associations


In the world of spacecraft integration and test, "Test As You Fly" (TAYF) is the mantra. This is sometimes easier said than done since methods to stimulate the various sensors can be difficult, and commanding many flight actuators while the spacecraft is sitting on the ground is impractical. As such, a mixture of sensor stimulation, sensor emulation and other environment simulations are used to dupe the spacecraft into believing it is flying, thus enabling the flight software (FSW) and control algorithms to be tested in their final flight configurations. When building and testing very small satellites, some additional obstacles are present. For example, installing external simulators and emulators necessary for activities such as attitude determination and control (AD&C) testing and mission simulations late in the integration schedule may be precluded due to a lack of physical access. Using special electrical ground support equipment (EGSE) interfaces to stimulate the spacecraft may introduce other challenges - no one wants to stand before a launch readiness review board and say that one set of FSW was used during final mission tests and simulations, but that another version will be loaded just prior to launch! The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission is a constellation of eight microsatellites that is currently in the integration and test phase. The CYGNSS payload is comprised of a set of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, which compare direct and ocean-reflected signals to measure surface wind speeds. Each microsat has a suite of AD&C sensors and actuators that must be simulated or stimulated during test. Designing a simulation and test environment that was cost-effective for a NASA Class D mission and dealt with the limitations of size, while maintaining a TAYF philosophy, presented significant challenges. This paper discusses how satellite size translated into challenges in the design of the FSW and EGSE, and how this impacted the overall test and simulation approach. Unique and creative solutions developed will be described, such as the use of "man-in-the-middle attack" techniques (commonly used by cyber hackers) to allow the FSW to execute normally even while communicating over non-flight interfaces. Finally, the pros and cons of the various design choices will be discussed.


On July 1, 1898, Private (Pvt.) John J. L. Taylor and his unit, (Company E, 10th US Cavalry, known as the "Buffalo Soldiers") attacked the San Juan Heights, an elevation about a mile east of Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, in what would later be called the Battle of San Juan Hill during the Spanish-American War [5]. From a prone position, as his unit established a defensive perimeter, Pvt. Taylor sustained a penetrating wound to his right ankle (Fig. 1). He was evacuated and taken on board the US Army Hospital Ship (USAHS) Relief. The surgeon on board found an entrance wound but no exit wound. Pvt. Taylor's ankle was swollen and ecchymotic [3]. Before operating, the surgeon moved Pvt. Taylor into another room with a large woodframed glass box containing rotating glass discs, electric sparks flashed between metal electrodes and a small flickering glowing glass tube (Fig. 2). Pvt. Taylor needed a radiograph. The importance of Wilhelm Röntgen's (1845-1923) discovery of "... a new kind of invisible light" [4] just 3 years earlier was self-evident to the medical community in general, and the military medical community in particular. Within 6 months of his discovery, radiography was used to find bullets in soldierswounded in the Italo-Abyssinian War (1896). Within a year, published articles described how physicians could apply this new technique to view inside the human body without using a scalpel [8]. Soon, the Army Medical Museum in WashingtonDCpossessed aRöntgen-ray machine operated by Dr. William Gray. Three years after Röntgen's discovery, the surgeon on board the USAHS Relief took images of Pvt. Taylor's ankle in what then was a 9-minute process. The exposed plate showed that the bullet had likely ricocheted and cartwheeled off the ground before embedding its butt end into the bony part of the medial malleolus. The bone did not splinter despite bullet's penetration [3]. The early gas radiograph tubes were temperamental. They held a partial vacuum and were described as a soft tube, which generated less radiation and had less penetration into the body, requiring longer exposure times. As


A high precision time-various model is obtained by system identification of electro-slag remelting process. We use least squaresmethod with forgetting factor for system identification, setting the melting current gained at spot as input, and actual melt-rate as output. Thedependability of the model is also validated. After a compare with the model established by electro-slag remelting mechanism, the modelgained by identification is proved to be better and more convenience for use. The advanced control method based on this model is successfullyused in electro-slag remelting plant of Xingtai Metallurgy and Roller Group and achieved a good effect.


The purpose of this report was to document the effects of several bus priority systems implemented on NW 7th Avenue in Miami, Florida, on traffic stream flow and passenger movement characteristics. Data were collected regarding traffic volume, vehicle occupancy, system delay (air photos), violations of the reserved lane, auto travel time and accidents. Analyses were conducted to determine the effects of each bus priority system on the operational characteristics of automobile traffic and passenger movements on NW 7th Avenue. Some of the general conclusions were: (1) none of the implemented bus priority systems produced an adverse effect on auto traffic and, in fact, the auto traffic was generally improved under all bus priority systems; (2) the bus priority system consisting of a reversible, exclusive bus lane and traffic signal progression produced better operation for the automobile traffic than did the systems which used the exclusive bus lane and traffic signal preemption; (3) the initiation of the exclusive lane was associated with a significant increase in bus accident rates; after a 'start up' period, the bus accident rate decreased somewhat but still remained higher than the bus accident rate before the initiation of the bus lane; (4) the rate of violation of the reserved lane was relatively low (about 5%); there was an indication that the violation rate decreased with time as drivers learned of the reserved lane and left turn restrictions.


As a speciality of Chinese traditional culture,"Feng Shui Xue" insist on that the location of house or tomb supposed to have an influence on the future of family.Now some people consider that it has the component of science.How to treat it and let human being realize the speciality,and how to make good use of it,to enlighten and instruct our modern life are our most important tasks.But some people deem "Feng Shui Xue"is entirely superstition and we must animadvert on it.


Khalil, S.M. and Finkl, C.W., 2011. Spoil or Resource? Managing sediment for coastal restoration. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 64 (Proceedings of the 11th International Coastal Symposium), 1433 – 1437. Szczecin, Poland, ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal erosion is a worldwide problem, but its effects are particularly evident in the Mississippi River delta plain where loss of coastal wetlands is the highest in the world. This eco-catastrophe is caused by a combination of natural factors and anthropogenic intervention. Diminishing sediment supply along with subsidence modulated by sea-level rise, marsh degradation and submergence, repetitive storm impacts, and barrier island fragmentation, individually or in combination, are the main natural causes of erosion. Restoration of this wetland loss involves the redistribution of sediment from fluvial and coastal mar ine sources. When sediments are viewed as a resource and not as spoil, a need emerges for managing these resources. Sediment volumes required for initial restoration of degraded coastal wetlands range in the hundreds of millions of cubic meters. Presently these large sediment/sand volumes for marsh/barrier island restoration are generally dredged from offshore sand sources and pumped or transshipped to project areas. A partial solution to wetland loss in Louisiana's deltaic plain lies in Mississippi River sediments, but these riverine sediment resources are not sufficient to restore the entire coastal plain to its former footprint in the face of rising sea level and reduced sediment supply. Regional understandings of sediment resources are thus suggested for better planning and management of multiple-use conflicts. To this end a Louisiana Sediment Management Plan (LASMP) has been conceptualized and formulated. Implementation of LASMP will help manage sediment resources more strategically to optimize regional planning strategies and reduce construction costs.


University students' body and mind development have provided the condition for training dialectical thought.Training university students' dialectical thinking ability has a positive effect.But university students' dialectical thinking ability is comparatively low.In teaching,teachers should train students' dialectical thinking ability in their teaching by encouraging them to carry on the practice.


Herein, we report the first synthesis of a demethylated form of cholesterol (18,19-di-nor-cholesterol), in which the C18 and C19 methyl groups of the β-face were eliminated. Recent molecular simulations modeling 18,19-di-nor-cholesterol have suggested that cholesterol's opposing rough β-face and smooth α-face play necessary roles in cholesterol's membrane condensing abilities and, additionally, that specific facial preferences are displayed as cholesterol interacts with different neighboring lipids and transmembrane proteins. Inspired by these poorly characterized biochemical interactions, an extensive 18-step synthesis was completed as part of a collaborative effort, wherein synthesizing a "smoothened" cholesterol analogue would provide a direct way to experimentally measure the significance of the β-face methyl groups. Starting from known perhydrochrysenone A, the synthesis of 18,19-di-nor-cholesterol was accomplished with an excellent overall yield of 3.5%. The use of the highly stereoselective Dieckmann condensation and the employment of Evans' chiral auxiliary were both key to ensuring the success of this synthesis.


Continuous improvement in products/services is a vital element of Total Quality Management (TQM). To strengthen competitive advantage in the market, organisations must continuously improve quality of products and services. Whether this process is termed Jidoka, Kaizen, PDSA, 5-S, Six Sigma, or JIT, the purpose is to continually improve product/service quality or process quality. However, these models focus solely on mundane benefits. Developing a model of continuous improvement from an Islamic perspective is the major objective of this study. By nature, the study is an exploratory one and theoretically based on library research and is rooted in the Qur'ān and Sunnah. The major outcome of this research is development of a new model of continuous improvement, named NAMS cycle. This cycle is composed of four inter-related components: al-Nīyyah bi al- Ikhlās, al-'Amal, al-Muḫāsaba and al-Ṣhukr. Having the initial letters of the components the model is named. In turn, each component consists of a number of elements, for example al-Nīyyah bi al- Ikhlās consists of intention, objectives, and planning. Organisations have to fulfil two prerequisites for successful implementation of the model in their premises which are top management commitment and strongly motivated work team.


The current study investigates how second language (L2) listening comprehension is associated with three dimensions of L2 vocabulary knowledge: size, depth, and fluency. Vocabulary knowledge tests administered to 290 participants measured L2 auditory vocabulary size, depth, and fluency. Afterward, participants took an International English Language Testing System (IELTS) listening test that measured L2 listening comprehension. Using a structural equation modeling technique, we found that all three dimensions of vocabulary knowledge are significant predictors of L2 listening comprehension. Size of auditory vocabulary in the L2 has the strongest predictive power over L2 listening comprehension. The results of the current study offer useful pedagogical implications for improving L2 listening comprehension.


(54) HIGHLY LINEAR VARIABLE GAIN Related U.S. Application Data AMPLIFIER (63) Continuation of application No. 10/217,076, filed on (75) Inventors: Kirk B. Ashby, McKinney, TX (US); Aug. 12, 2002. Oliver I. Werther, McKinney, TX (US) Publication Classification Correspondence Address: DALLAS OFFICE OF FULBRIGHT & (51) Int. Cl. ................................................... HO3F 3/45 JAWORSKI L.L.P. (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 330/254 2200 ROSS AVENUE SUTE 2800 (57) ABSTRACT DALLAS, TX 75201-2784 (US) Disclosed are Systems and methods which provide very linear amplification of Signals using a linearized transcon (73) Assignee: Microtune (Texas), L.P., Plano, TX ductance circuit. A transconductance amplifier configuration is shown which provides highly linearized operation utiliz (21) Appl. No.: 10/890,421 ing a Darlington pair feedback circuit. Also shown are gain control configurations in which current Steering circuitry is (22) Filed: Jul. 13, 2004 adapted to operate in its most linear region.


This article considers the intermedial way of working (working across media) from the point of view of a funding agency. The Mondriaan Foundation is an important funding body in the Netherlands for visual arts, design and heritage. The project applications received by the foundation are increasingly intermedial; they mirror a changing cultural field in which collaborations between neighbouring disciplines, fields of knowledge and experts from these fields increase. The article considers the role of new media within this transformation and outlines the ways in which the foundation deals with intermediality when it comes to the assessment of applications.


We present a method to measure the orbital angular momentum (OAM) state of light by coordinate transformation. The input OAM mode with annular shape is uniaxially compressed into a linear-shaped light, so that the upper and lower portions of OAM mode overlap to produce an interference pattern, showing easily recognizable fringes both in the near field and far field. The far-field measurement is more suitable for detecting large OAM but with the cost of additional diffractive element. The incident light can illuminate any position of the device, showing good tolerance to adjust the optical path. In a practical application, the proposed scheme can be realized only by one or two elliptical lenses, which provides a convenient and economic method for measurement of OAM state.


The meaning of "aesthetics," like the meaning of "love," depends on who says it, and where. Here I shall equate aesthetics with "philosophy of art," that is, abstract ideas and arguments regarding the fundamental nature of art, its basis and role in human culture, and, where extant, related standards for evaluating art.1 I have recently completed an extensive survey of such theories in non-Western settings, and I have found that aesthetic theory seems to exist everywhere, not only in complex states, such as those of the pre-Columbian Aztecs and classical India, but also among nomadic hunter-gatherers, such as the Inuit and Australian Aborigines.2 Typically the theories are explicit in the former and implicit in the latter, where they are often lodged "between the lines" of traditional myths and folktales as well as the discourses of daily life.3 But however manifest, they provide integrated-and, in my view, compelling-charters for indigenous art production and appreciation. Given the apparent universality of philosophies of art, it is interesting to reflect on Western culture. Certainly our fine arts have been the subject of prolonged and extensive speculative thought: Wladslaw Tatarkiewicz's monumental three-volume History of Aesthetics records a vast panoply of ideas about Western art, from the pre-Socratic and early Hebrew thinkers down to the modern era.4


Several writers 1 have called attention during the past few years to the conflicting results reported from various laboratories to which specimens of blood taken from the same individual at the same time were sent. In most cases the explanation offered for these differences has been that the various laboratory workers had used antigens which varied in strength. 2 This is undoubtedly true. However, in a recently completed series of more than 6,000 Wassermann reactions done on the serum from 5,000 individuals, we have made use of only one antigen, so that any variation described here cannot be attributed to this factor, as it has been repeatedly shown that this antigen is for all practical purposes constant, 3 and our conclusions after the use and comparison of more than twenty different lots of this cholesterin fortified alcoholic extract of human heart muscle antigen are in accord with those of the


The natural condition of history is the paradox. The half century of upheavals which saw the devolution of colonial empires and the humbling of the West's hybris, also witnessed the culminating impact of Western culture upon non-European nations. Toynbee even suggests that this development points to the eventual evolution of a universal civilization, geared to the Westernized rhythm of an industrial society.


The combustion processes of solid fuel slabs with and without boron particle addition were investigated in a planar step combustor. The study was performed under conditions of air inlet velocity and temperature relevant to ramjet applications. The highly turbulent, multiphase combustion process has been analyzed with various intrusive and non-intrusive diagnostic techniques. Gas phase temperature distributions and particle velocities as well as concentrations of various stable reaction products have been determined in order to show the movement and the combustion of the reacting particle phase in the recirculation zone and the downstream boundary layer with the embedded reaction zone. Large scale, coherent vortex structures were observed. These structures exist predominantly in the region above the hydrocarbon diffusion flame located inside the developing boundary layer and show an intense and highly turbulent mixing process. The results show dependencies of the energy release on the flow field related to the presence of reacting or non-reacting particles.


Abstract. The influence of spines on nocturnal acid accumulation was examined for two Crassulacean acid metabolism plants, the barrel cactus Ferocactus acanthodes (Lemaire) Britton & Rose var. lecontei (Engelm.) Lindsay and the cylindropuntia Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. var. bigelovii. The ambient photo-synthetically active radiation (PAR) required for 90% saturation of nocturnal acid accumulation by O. bigelovii was 23 mol m−2 d−1 for stems that were 32% shaded by spines and 16 mol m−2 d−1 when the spines were removed. For F. acanthodes, 90% saturation occurred for an ambient PAR of 45 mol m−2 d−1 where the stem was 78% shaded by spines and 21 mol m−2 d−1 when the spines were removed. For comparison, the ambient PAR averaged 21 mol m−2 d−1 at various times of the year and stem positions for O. bigelovii fully exposed to solar irradiation. Although spines can reflect some PAR toward the stem surface, their presence decreases the PAR incident on the stem surface, thereby decreasing the nocturnal acid accumulation. For O. bigelovii, periodically removing the spines led to a 60% greater increase in stem volume over 21/2 years. The effect of variation in spine-shading on stem surface temperature was determined for F. acanthodes using computer simulations and an energy budget model. A substantial reduction in daytime stem temperatures and a smaller increase in night-time temperatures as the spine-shading increased had very little influence on nocturnal acid accumulation for both winter and summer days. Thus, the main effect of spines on the metabolism of cacti is apparently to reduce the PAR incident on the stem surface and thereby to reduce productivity.


This invention relates to the field of location-based services, and in particular to the field of location-based services involving mobile devices. With the disclosed method it is possible to provide individual information at a certain location to individual users, wherein said information may be based on a location profile that may be updated depending on inputs of the user itself or other users.


In recent years, with the rapid development of 5G wireless communication technology, it develops towards the direction of millimeter wave with higher transmission rate and larger frequency band capacity, and the scattering, attenuation and polarization effects of rainwater media on the propagation of millimeter wave are generated. In this paper, the ellipsoid particle model is constructed to simulate raindrop particles, the equivalent dielectric constant of raindrop medium is used, the scattering characteristics of raindrop are calculated by Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) algorithm, and the near-field visualization is carried out by VisIt software.


The author studied the seasonal variations in water temperature at various depths and sub-regions in the area of Caroline and Marshall Islands. The seasonal variation in the water temperature at surface and 50 meters in depth was found to be different from those of 150, 200 and 300 meters in depth. In the earlier period of the year the water temperatures at surface and 50 meters in depth were lower than those of the latter period but the water temperatures at the other deeper layers in the earlier period were higher than those of the latter period of the year.


Abstract The quality of dehydrated products is a concern because, due to their very low moisture content, they tend to rehydrate quite easily, thus compromising the chemical, enzymatic or microbial stabilities, as well as the nutritional and sensorial properties. Having this in mind, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of storage in walnuts, under certain conditions of temperature, relative humidity and different types of packaging. The fruit samples used were from Chile, Portugal, Romania and United States. The storage of the walnuts lasted for 90 days, and the conditions tested were: room temperature; a stove at 30 and 50 °C without control over relative humidity of the air; refrigeration and freezing. The two types of plastic package tested were low density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). The water activity was measured by a hygrometer; moisture content by oven drying until constant weight and colour with a colorimeter. From the results obtained it was concluded that the samples from the different origins are different with respect to moisture content, water activity and colour, regardless of the storage conditions and type of package. Furthermore, it was verified that to assure the good preservation of the walnuts the storage at 50 oC should be avoided, since it caused an extensive dehydration of the product and a high change in colour in comparison to the unstored samples. Finally, regarding the type of package, it


Rarely have I enjoyed a book so much. I was a bit put off by the main title, since I think real life is not a "wrong place" but exactly where we should educate people to look for mathematical ideas and apply mathematical tools. Author Simonson explores games, Penn and Teller magic tricks, locks, Talmudic inheritance and visiting the sick, the price of wine, Fibonacci tunes, tightropes and kites, where to stand to see how many sides a building has, the geometry of social distancing, Knuth's chocolate bar adventure, the efficacy of covid vaccines, strategy in the TV show Jeopardy!, how to use an unfair coin to choose fairly, and choosing the weight of a bowling ball. The mathematics involved includes discrete probability, combinatorics, permutations, and the sum of a geometric series.


Anaesthesiologist is compared to a Pilot as even the slightest mistake can cause irreversible damage. It is the responsibility of the Anaesthesiologist to follow safety protocol checklist before starting any operation just as the pilot does before take- off of an Aircraft since safety of human life is involved in both the situations. Safety protocol to be followed remains same,whether anaesthesia is administered in an institute or in the nursing home. As a private practitioner, I am writing about how we proceed to administer anaesthesia or Monitored Anaesthesia Care.


The present paper is concerned about the author's investigation report on the spatial-temporal variation analysis on the built-up areas of Guangzhou-Foshan metropolitan area since 1988.As is well known, the economy of Guangzhou-Foshan region has been springing up rapidly, Jeading to the rampant expansion of urban built-up areas. For our research purpose, this paper has chosen Landsat TM images of the four different periods (1988, 1995, 2001 and 2005) to pursue the built-up area variations of the region.Our analysis over the characteristic features of the spatial-temporal variations of the built-up areas has been done with the help of GIS and UII index.First of all, a built-up area expansion map has been prepared;Secondly, UII values of different periods and orientations of the built-up area expansion have been studied by the rendering buffer zones from the mid-point of the line that links the two cities.The results of our analysis have shown that the built-up areas in the region under discussion have increased dramatically from 260.47 km~2 in 1988 to 1 360.93 km~2 in 2005.UII was higher during 1988-1995, during the entire period (1988 _ 2005), the higher geographical expansion occurred to the outskirts of the two cites mainly eastwards and southwest-wards.Our analysis also indicates that in the area under discussion the built-up area expansion includes: the high-speed economic development and population explosion along with the rampant expansion of built-up area.


Introduction: This study examined a cognitive model of depression among undergraduate students of medical and allied health sciences. Methods: Participants (N = 279) completed a series of questionnaires related to depression (Beck Depression Inventory-Malay), negative cognitions (Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Malay), dysfunctional attitude (Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-Malay), stressful life events (Life Events Survey), self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy) and quality of life (WHO Quality of Life- BREF). Results: Results of descriptive analysis revealed a higher percentage of severe depression among males when compared to female students. Results of structural equation modeling indicated an adequate fit of the model ( 2 = 21.29, df = 15, p > .13; GFI = 0.97; CFI = 0.97; RMSEA = .04). Conclusion: The findings also indicated the potential roles of self-efficacy in mediating depression. The results are discussed in terms of self-regulating strategies of managing depression and the roles that university authorities may play in helping students to regulate depression.


This study deals with The diversity of Plankton and Its relations with the Quality of Sungai Asahan Mouth's Waters, the research has been conducted on August 2009. Sample was taken from three stations with three depth namely 0 m (surface), depth of end line in light penetration, depth under end line of light penetration, and three repetitions. In defining the points of taking sample is by adopting purposive random sampling. Sample of plankton was taken there using a net plankton tool. For identification of plankton sample was completed at Ecology Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, North Sumatra University Medan. The outcome there were obtained 12 plankton class comprising 5 pythoplankton Class and 7 Zooplankton Class. The highest abundantly rate, relative dense and the emerging frequency found on station 3 there are Coscinodiscus genus, Coscinodiscaceae Class is 13591,83 individu/l, 14,59% and 100%, The totality highest abundantly rate on Stasion 3 of 93142,85 individu/l. Where as the totality lowest abundantly rate was noted on station 1 of 19102.041 individu/l. The highest diversities index rate was found on station 3 noted 2.92 whereas the lowest diversities rate noted on station 1 of 2.48. The highest equality index rate found on station 1 was noted 0.48 while the lowest equality rate was found on station 3 with 0.78. The highest similarities index rate was found on station 1 noted 74.285% whereas the lowest similarities index rate was found on station 1 and 3 with 59.793%. The variance analysis inter stations showed its diversity index rate and abundantly plankton between Station 1 and 2, Station 1 and 3, Station 2 and 3 there is no significantly difference indicated this community is resemblance. Still, the variance analysis between its depth showed its diversity index rate and abundantly plankton inter depth 0 m (surface) with the depth of end line light penetration, for the depth under end line of light penetration there is no significant difference, whereas between the depth 0 m (surface) with the depth under end line of light penetration is significantly different. The analysis correlation of Pearson on physical and chemical properties of waters over the abundantly plankton index rate showed that temperature, light penetration, light intensity, TDS, pH, salinity, DO, and phosphate correlated positively, whereas TSS, BOD5, COD and nitrate correlated negatively. The quality of water based its diversities index rate is classified into a moderate polluted.


ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic requires military nurse leaders in various patient care settings to engage in disaster response. Evidence supports essential leadership attributes for nurses that include skilled communication, organizational influence, and personnel management. Yet, nursing expertise that shapes nurse leader responsibilities during disaster management remains unclear. A description of how military nurse leaders contributed their nursing expertise during the COVID-19 pandemic response at one U.S. Military health care facility is provided to begin to delineate disaster management responsibilities.


The destruction brought about by the Germanic peoples while advancing into the Roman Empire did not diminish the significance of the ancient culture because, for the most part, the immigrants became acculturated. On the other hand the migrants wanted to protect their own characteristics, for example by conversion to non-Roman Christianity, thereby preventing total assimilation. Typically, cultural hybridizations resulted from an additive union of both elements. A cross-cultural interaction with real innovations became possible where the migrants did not have to fear for their identity. The best example of this is the Franks, who, during their advances through Gaul, did not give up the connections to their homeland and who, in sharp contrast to long distance migrations of other "gentes," could expect a further influx of supporters from their homeland. It was not the migrating but the expanding "gentes" that played a crucial role in the origins of Europe. The limited importance of migrations becomes clear i...


Checkpoint inhibitors block the 'off' signals that are engaged when T cells interact with antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs). This increases T cell activation and enhances the anti-tumor response. Here we demonstrate the use of advanced flow cytometry to evaluate these immunotherapies in vitro by co-culturing immune cells from two donors in an MLR assay.
 Assays were set up as either one-way or two-way MLR co-cultures. One-way assays combined isolated DCs from one donor with CD4+ T cells from another. Two-way assays mixed PBMCs from two donors. Cells and checkpoint inhibitors were plated in 96 or 384-well formats for 3–6 days. Samples taken during the time course were analyzed for cell subsets and cytokine concentrations using the iQue® Advanced Flow Cytometry Platform.
 Expression of activation marker CD25 on T cells was 3-fold greater after 6 days in co-culture with DCs (62 ± 2 %) compared to T cells in monoculture (22 ± 9 %). The addition of an anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor induced a further, concentration dependent increase in CD25 expression. This was accompanied by increased production of cytokines indicative of activation and inflammation, such as TNFα and CCL2. Throughout the study, there were large differences in sensitivity to drug response between donor pairs. For example, IFNγ release increased 13.5-fold upon addition of anti-CTLA4 (17 ng/mL) with one donor pair, compared to only 1.3-fold with another. This highlights the need to characterize drug activity using multiple immune cell donor pairs.
 These data exemplify the use of advanced flow cytometry to generate pharmacological data for checkpoint inhibitor activity on T cells in MLR, with the potential to profile libraries of novel therapeutics in minimal time.


Securities Board, Nepal, an apex regulator and facilitator of capital market, and Nepal Stock Exchange Ltd., only a single stock market, are the main constituents of securities market in Nepal. This paper attempts to study the growth trend and analyze the performance of Nepalese securities market. Likewise, the variables such as number of listed and traded companies and their securities, number of transactions, trading turnovers, paid up value, market capitalization and NEPSE index are analyzed for the secondary market.

 Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol.1(1) 2004 pp.85-92


To test the theory that an individual's attitude toward his work will vary positively with his attitude toward medical care seeking, that is, an individual who places a higher value on his work will more readily seek medical care, 130 respondents from three socioeconomic levels were interviewed about their attitudes toward work, health care, and medical care seeking. Data were analyzed in a step-wise mutiple regression procedure. The variable, correctness of information, explained six percent of the variance in the dependent variable; correctness of information, trust, and education together explained 13 percent of the variance. Readiness to seek medical care was found to vary inversely with education. The hypothesis was not supported by the data, and it was concluded that the theory as presently constituted does not adequately portray the relationship between health and work.


In reality networks may have random property, small-world property and scale-free property, so in this paper we introduce the heterogeneous network model. We construct the heterogeneous network based on ER random network, WS small-world network and BA scale-free network. Then we use the random rules to interconnect the three sub networks that generate the heterogeneous network. By analyzing the characteristic network data, we can draw the corresponding degree distribution graph. We study the spreading behavior of the infectious SIRS model with immunization based on the heterogeneous network and two different artificial immunization strategies. Then we perform simulation experiments by using the A(H1N1) type influenza virus in the heterogeneous network. The result shows that artificial immunization can greatly reduce the number of infections even though the network has only a single property, and can obtain more pronounced effect, so as to effectively control the disease spreading on heterogeneous networks.


ELIMED (Medical Applications at Extreme Light Infrastructure) is a task-force originally born by an idea of ELI-Beams (Prague, CZ)and INFN-LNS (Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics of Catania, I) researchers. It now involves other groups interested in the possibility to design and develop a new generation of hadrontherapy facilities using laser-accelerated ion beams. ELIMED main goal is to perform proof-of-principle experiments aimed to demonstrate that laser-accelerated high-energy proton beams (up to 70 MeV in the first phase) can be potentially used for the specific case of ocular proton therapy. For this purpose new devices for beam handling and transport will be developed as well as new methods for radiobiology and dosimetry. The involvement of INFN-LNS group takes advantage of the well-established expertise in dosimetry measurements and Monte Carlo calculations for medical physics, which has been achieved in several years of eye tumor treatments in the CATANA proton therapy facility. Recently, in the framework of an INFN activity, they have also designed, fabricated, calibrated and experimentally tested at PALS laser laboratory (Cz) a Thomson Parabola ion spectrometer with a wide acceptance and able to characterize laser-driven proton beams up to 20 MeV.


Atgues that, rightly practiced, the Psalms of Israel make available an evangelical world of Yahweh's sovereignty a world marked by justice, righteousness, mercy, peace, and compassion.


During signal acquisition in a global navigation satellite system acquisition stage, a method of signal parameters estimation with low computational complexity is needed. However, due to the influence of sign transitions, the correct peak corresponding to the signal parameters is difficult to detect. For the estimation of the code phase of the received signal in the presence of sign transitions with low computational complexity, an acquisition method based on a complex signal phase (AMCSP) is proposed. The problem of estimating the sign transition position and the code phase is transformed into a problem of solving for a complex signal phase. Special block matrixes are constructed to obtain the complex signal phase, and integration processing is utilized to improve the detection probability performance. Based on an analysis of undesirable cases, a final code phase estimation process is proposed. Furthermore, expressions for the detection performance and computational complexity of AMCSP are derived. Simulation results demonstrate that the computational cost of AMCSP is much lower than that of a fast Fourier transform-based method.


The invention relates to a microfluidic chip and a manufacturing method thereof. The microfluidic chip comprises an upper chip unit and a lower chip unit; the surfaces of the chip units are respectively provided with a liquid storing hole, a liquid channel communicated with the liquid storing holes and a microchannel communicated with the liquid channel; the upper chip unit and the lower chip unit are attached to each other and the microchannel is sealed between the two chip units; the microfluidic chip also comprises a micro valve, wherein the micro-valve main body is one of the following structures: a three-dimensional micrometer and three-dimensional nanometer hierarchical structure of polymers formed on the microchannel in array arrangement, a three-dimensional micrometer structure ofpolymers formed on the microchannel in array arrangement or a three-dimensional nanometer structure of polymers formed on the microchannel in array arrangement; the polymers can generate specific responses to an external field under the action of the external field; and the specific responses are reversibility transformation of one or more of surface chemical compositions of the polymers, the above structures and surface properties, thus realizing controllable operations for the flow state of a microfluid in the microchannel. The micro valve in the microfluidic chip is manufactured in situ and miniaturized on the microfluidic chip, thus realizing switch gradient control for the flow of the microfluid and fast switch reversibility transformation.


SIR-C SAR data were related to the above ground biomass of regenerating tropical forests in Amazonia, Brazil. C- and L- band SAR data in the conventional polarization configurations showed no signi...


As part of its research and technology activities, the french space agency CNES studies a spaceborne SAR earth observation system to provide complementary information with o tical sensors. The major problems encountered are s ue to high raw data flow to be transmitted from satellite to earth in the available communication channels or limited recorder storage. The proposed paper deals with strip ma ping mode k y and the use of parametric mode E to process azunut S A R data before transmission. This modelisation can outperform spectral analysisvia FFT and since the SAR mage can be directly generated from this parametric vector, the transmission of only this parameter vector results in a useful transmission rate reduction. INTRODUCTION For the last 15 years, the main part of effort of (VARAN) know how and of SPOT experience, CNES is now studying a spaceborne SAR system to be operated in parallel with the optical SPOT family around the 2OOO's. The efficient acquisition and dissemination of S A R data for earth observing missions imposes a difficult technological challenge. Usually raw SAR data are gathered on-board the spacecraft and either directly transmitted to the ground or stored on high-density taps for subsequent transmittal. For operational mtssions such an approach places severe demands on the on-board storage capacity, the telecommunications link capability and the ability to achieve timely dissemination of processed data to users. The above problems can be alleviated b generating SAR ,images on-board the spacecr& where a signifhnt data volume reduction can be realized with 307 91-72810/92$03.00 0 IEEE 1992 processing. Fmdy we evaluate the proposed algorithm com ared with more conventional to transmit and the computational complexi are reduced by orders of magnitude without on&ard image generation. PROBLEM FORMULATION The S A R is an active sensor to obtain hi resolution slaved such that pulses are transmitted at a constant interval along the flight of the aircraft. The radar returns from each pulse are sampled to generate one range record. The returns from successive ulses are stacked to form a phase history (raw S A R Lta). The real-time spaceborne S A R processing consists of two major successive steps : The first step of the SAR process passes each range record through a filter matched to the radar linear frequency modulated pulse. It is called range compression. The second step is mainly focused on the autofocusin center our following discussion on the latter issue : the data in the azimuth, or cross-ran e direction, have to of a stationnary target and a mo radar p atform. approaches : wit % such an algorithm the data volume ound images by processing t P e backscattere !f echo signals. The radar transmitter is clutterclock, and the azimuth compression. We w!h be processed with a filter matche f to the Dop ler shift There are 2 major concepts to per Y orm the azimuth P (b) basic SPECtral ANalysis (SPECAN) This alEorithm makes use of the concepts of derampmg followed by spectral analysis to obtain increased computational efficiency. The or signal is then converted into a constant requency sinusoid. The sinusoid can then be compressed by a spectral analyser such as an FFI' one. The single FlT is the main advantage over the fast convolution approach which requres both forward and inverse m;TS. SPECAN AZIMUTH PROCESSING We suppose in this section that the signal has been range compresset and migration prrected. These first stages are extensively bcussed m the literature [2], [3],J4] and are not treated in this paper. Un er this assumption, the discret azimuth line to be processed can be expressed as the one dimension convolution of the expected line with a chirp C, sampled with a sampling interval of A This chirp can YdFM be considered as the product of an ideal chirp and of a finite length window W. W represents the azimuth real antenna gain, with the antenna footprint boundary defined by its -3db limits. With no loss of generality W will be assumed to be a rectangular window. The finite extension of W allows to chose Alarge enough to satisfy Shannon condition. Thus the received signal S of a unique target at location z rn A will be : [s] S ( t ) C ( t ) r e c t 7 ( t ) * A , 6 ( t z ) at t n A (1) where : C(t) is the ideal linear FM chirp, rect ( t )is a rectangular window of T duration, 6 is the dirac pulse, * represents the convolution product I A,,, I is the target reflectivity thus : S ( t ) = A,exp{j n K t 2 j 2 n f , t } r e c t 7 ( t ) * 8 ( t z) = A,,,exp{jn i c ( t 2)'j ~ n f ~ ( t c } r e c t , ( t t ) at t n A (2) where K is the Doppler rate, f d is the centroid frequency. The negative term associated to f d in the exponential is a conventional one, and represents the case of a backward looking squint mode, if f is a positive value. The discret sequence can be expressed as : S ( n ) A,exp{j n K ( n m ) 2 A 2 j 2 n f d ( n m ) A } r e c t , ( n m ) (3) The specan a roach [SI consists in multiplying the received signJ& areference chirp R, with an opposite Doppler rate : R ( n ) = S ' ( n ) = exp{+ jnKn2A2+ j2nfdnA)(4) to obtain the signal g : g ( n ) A,exp{j$}exp{j2nKmnA2}rect7(nm ) ( 5 ) whereb=-nKm2A2+2nf,mA The Fourier transform of g(t) gives : G ( f ) A,exp{ j + } FT{exp{ j n K 2 m n A 2 } r e c t , ( n r n ) } where FI' is the Fourier transform operator. Thus : G( f 1 Given (6) Am ~ X P { i 0 > F T ( r e c t 7 ( R m ) 1 f K r n & ( 7 ) sin (nf T) s i n ( n f T / A ) F T { r e c t , ( n m ) } = exp{ j2r rmA}


It has been shown that the TCP connections through the congested routers with the active queue management (AQM) can be modeled as a nonlinear feedback system. In this paper, we design H/sup /spl infin// robust controllers for AQM based on the linearized TCP model with time delays. For the linear system model exhibiting LPV nature, we investigate the H/sup /spl infin//-performance with respect to the uncertainty bound of RTT (round trip time). The robust controllers and the corresponding analysis of H/sup /spl infin//-performance are validated by simulations in different scenarios.


Chs. 12-24 is a collection of prophecies picturing the certainty of doom and destruction for the city and nation, which "vary greatly in form, style, length, and subject". The whole block is framed by two sign-acts (12:1-16; 24:15-27). As examples of variety, there is a grouping related to true and false prophecy, a detailed defence of God's justice in his treatment of the 'righteous' and 'lawless' across generations, and two extended metaphors, portraying Jerusalem as Lord's fondling bride who subsequently goes whoring after other gods and Samaria and Jerusalem as sisters who insatiably whore after other nations in political alliances. There are prophets in Israel but their words are false and worthless, dangerous like ravaging foxes. They speak from their own 'hearts', the implied contrast being divine inspiration as received by Ezekiel.Keywords: destruction; divine inspiration; Ezekiel; God's justice; Israel; Jerusalem; prophecies; Samaria


Abstract With a view to understanding the defects due to self-irradiation in 241Am (α-active with T ½=433 years) doped BaCO3 and their role in thermally induced free radical reactions/electron-hole recombination, trap level spectroscopic studies were conducted on BaCO3: 241Am and BaCO3: Eu (lanthanide analogue of Am) using Thermally Stimulated Luminescence (TSL) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) techniques. In the case of 241Am-doped BaCO3 phosphor, three glow peaks at 357, 420 and 500 K (for rate of heating β=2.5 K sec−1) were observed and their spectral character has shown that Am2+ acts as the luminescent centre. The TSL glow pattern and the ESR spectrum arising due to internal α-irradiation was unaltered with further (external) γ-irradiation of the phosphor. The ESR studies on these samples have shown that the carboxy CO2- radicals are produced due to α-irradiation and their thermal instabilities are responsible for triggering the processes responsible for the observed TSL peaks. In the γ-irradiated B...


Vigna angularis, from the legume family, contains phytoestrogens. Phytoestrogens can activate estrogen receptors and are safer than estrogen. The study aims to analyze the potential of Vigna angularis as an activator of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) through in silico studies. The analysis of molecular docking used SAR (Structure Activity Relationship). A previous study has shown that Vigna angularis contains isoflavones such as Genestein (0.5%), daidzein (14.9%), glycitein (25.8%), formononetin (13%), and biochanin A (45.5%). The results of molecular docking to ERα show that genestein has a free energy binding value of -9.3 and the same amino acid structure, with a control level over estrogen of 66%. In conclusion, in silico studies have shown that genestein from Vigna angularis is the main component that activates the ERα.


Objective To study on genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) isolates and to analysis the relation between drug resistance and genotype of Variable number tandem repeat(VNTR)in Sichuan area.Methods Six tandem repeat loci of the 124 isolates of M.tuberculosis in Sichuan area were analyzed by PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis.The results of genotyping were analyzed with Gel-Pro analyzer 3.1 software and BioNumerics 3.0 software,and the relation between genetic type and drug resistance was explored.Results A total of 37 different allele profiles were identified by the VNTR for all the 124 isolates,74.19%(92/124)and 25.81%(32/124)belonged to cluster type and single type respectively.Drug resistant M.tuberculosis was significantly associated with cluster type.Conclusion There is obvious genetic polymorphism in the M.tuberculosis isolates in Sichuan area.And the clustering type was perhaps the main epidemic strains.It is suggested that surveillance of the epidemic genotype to be strengthened.


A 33‐year‐old man was treated with intensive chemotherapy for myeloid blastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), which developed after radiotherapy and chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. After achieving a second chronic phase, he underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Despite many complications, 1 year after BMT the disease was in complete remission and the patient was in excellent condition. The incidence of CML following treatment for Hodgkin's disease is briefly discussed. This is the first report of prolonged complete remission for blastic crisis of CML, which developed after combined treatment for advanced Hodgkin's disease.


ABSTRACTThis research aims to break down the complexity of architectural thought from its origin in the habitat, through the use of hermeneutics as a means of interpretation, based on the theories of authors such as Ramirez, Saldarriaga, Iglesia, Heidegger, Doberti, Cuervo, Aisa, among others, who dedicated themselves to reflect on the implementation of the habitability of architecture, concluding that architectural knowledge demands to be addressed in its complexity, which implies an integrality of the different areas of knowledge for conceptual management. Equally, the importance of the interpretation of the space-human being relationship, for the development of life.


Synopsis:― (1) The use of about 5% Calcium Silicide (Ca Si) preheated powder n the ladle of the cupola furnace improves the desulphurising action for the molten east iron, and increases its tensile strength slightly. Si content increases slightly and total carbon and manganese content decreases slightly b addition of CaSi powder in the ladle, (2) The use of CaSi powder n the ladle cannot eliminate the blow hole completely, as CaSi contains a little amount of gas which remains still after the preheating. (3) The use of abont 5% calcium silicide lump from the charging door of the furnace improves the desulphurising action for the molten cast iron not remarkably compared with CaSi powder in the ladle; because the light CaSi escapes out from the chimney, and it varies as the furnace condition, etc. (4) It is concluded that the use of suf ficient amount of preheated CaSi powder in the ladle improves the desulphurising action and the mechanical properties and the quality of casting to a certain ex-


The integration of object-oriented concepts into deductive databases has been investigated for a certain time now. Various approaches to incorporate updates into deduction have been proposed. The current paper presents an approach which is based on object versioning; different versions of one object may be created and referenced during an update-process. By means of such versions it becomes possible to exert explicit control on the update process during bottom-up evaluation in a rather intuitive way. The units for updates are the result sets of base methods, i.e. methods, whose results are stored in the object-base and are not defined by rules. However, the update itself may be defined by rules. Update-programs have fixpoint semantics; the fixpoint can be computed by a bottom-up evaluation according to a certain stratification.


Objective To investigate the effect of nursing intervention on oral mucosa injury induced by radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods 110 patients that were primary diagnosed as nasopharyngeal carcinoma in our hospital from September 2012 to Au-gust 2013 were divided into intervention group and control group according to hospitalization order, 55 cases in each group. The control group received conventional treatment and care while the intervention group adopted nursing intervention on the basis of conventional treatment and care. Then oral mucosal injury of all the patients was observed at the 4th 、6th weekends and after the radiotherapy.Results The occurrence of oral mucosal injury of the intervention group was significantly less than that of control group at the 4th, 6th weekends and the end of radiotherapy, P0.05, the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion An effective nursing intervention can effectively prevent and alleviate oral mucosal injury and reduce the pain of the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy. It ensure the radiotherapy successfully completed, and worthy of clinical application.


High power converters can be constructed by paralleling $N$ interleaved converters via Interphase Transformers (ITRs) to produce multilevel output voltages while minimizing circulating currents among converters. With the ITRs connected in cyclical cascade topology, the ITR voltage stress is highly dependent on number of parallel converters and phase shifts between Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) triangular carriers. To analyse the ITR system performance a model of cross-coupling produced by ITRs is needed to establish links between the converter voltages and ITR voltages and cross currents circulating among converters. The main goal of this paper is to give a comprehensive overview of a model of the system based on the ITR cyclical cascade topology which can be used for estimation of its performance. Based on this model, opportunities for minimisation of the ITR voltages and core losses, via optimization of the converter PWM carrier shifts, are identified and discussed. Application of the theoretical results is illustrated in an example case with $N=5$ converters.


Abstract Airborne multispectral scanner ( MSS) data, collected in June 1984, were used to estimate the green leaf area index ( GLAI) for 60 km2 of grassland. The methodology involved (i) radiometric and atmospheric correction, (ii) production of a vegetation index image, (iii) calculation of a calibration relationship between a vegetation index and GLAI, (iv) production of an image of estimated GLAI by inversion of the calibration relationship in (iii), and (v) accuracy assessment. The initial accuracy of GLAI estimation was ± 0-75 GLAI for an area and 17-40 per cent at the 95 per cent confidence level, for a six-class classification. Refinements to the methodology were evaluated by their effect upon the accuracy of GLAI estimation. In order of increasing importance these refinements were: suppression of environmental effects on the remotely sensed data, processing on a per-field rather than a per-pixel basis, calculation of the calibration relationship between a vegetation index and GLAI, using ground-ba...


If the target or any structure on the target undergoes micro-motion dynamics, such as mechanical vibrations or rotations, it will induce Doppler frequency modulation on the returned signal that generates sidebands about the target's Doppler frequency, which is referred to as the micro-Doppler effect. The micro-Doppler signatures enable certain properties of the target to be determined that may be used for target recognition. In this paper, taking the Micro-Doppler effect caused by the rotation of target in Bi-static inverse synthetic aperture radar (Bi-ISAR) system as example, a novel extraction method of the micro-motion feature is presented. With the proposed method, the micro-motion parameters of the target can be detected rapidly from the spectrogram and the computational efficiency can be enhanced compared with that of the modified extended Hough transform. A computer simulation is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Compounds of formula (I) which are inhibitors of Bub1 kinase, processes for their production and their use as pharmaceuticals are provided.


Politeness Principle is decided by culture and it also reflects culture.Different culture has different explanations and emphases about politeness.Leech's Politeness Principle cannot guide intercultural communication effectively because it neglects some factors restricted by context.Politeness Principle and context are closely connected owing to its differences in different cultural context.


Comparative experiments on the inactivation of Copepod were investigated in southern China. The 100% of inactivation effect may be attained by 3.0 mg/L of ozone for contacting time of 25 min, whereas 0.5 mg/L of dosage resulted in only 30% of inactivation rate. Copepod may not be completely inactivated by ozone oxidation for feasible dosage limited by higher bromide in raw water. The favorable environment of granular activated carbon (GAC) filter provided Copepod with conditions for excess propagation. The disinfection experimental results show that the inactivation rate is 90% by 2.0 mg/L of chloramines for contacting time of 30 min, whereas only 70% is attained with chlorine. The GC-MS examination indicates that the total organic substance is increased to 92 species including 13 sorts of halogenated hydrocarbon by chlorine disinfection, which is more than that of chloramines. More products of brominated trihalomethanes occur in treated water by chlorine disinfection and total amount of THMs is 3 times as high as that of chloramines.


We report the synthesis of glycosylated hydrogel membranes of poly{[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide]-co-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)} with the aim of developing bioactivated polymer substrates for cell culture. 3'-Sialyllactose, the saccharidic portion of the GM 3 ganglioside involved in cell-cell recognition over a wide range of biological processes, was chemically modified with an acrylate group and incorporated into the growing macromolecular network of hydrogels by free radical crosslinking copolymerization. The incorporation and accessibility of the sialic acid residues at the hydrogel surface was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using mouse monoclonal anti-GM 3 , and by electron microscopy after labeling with lectin-gold nanoparticles. The water content was further characterized by thermogravimetry.


actions with foils presented. On the theoretical side it was shown that two existing theories needed modification. The inclusion of plasma correlations into the theory of Compton scattering in a plasma was found to introduce a peak in the transmitted radiation, com patible with experimental results. The ponderomotive force structure was calculated with reflections included, and found to produce a periodic den sity distribution but no overall dyna mical effects in a model plasma. Various aspects of the diagnostics and interpretation of pico-second phe nomena associated with mode-locked lasers were discussed by D. J. Bradley (Belfast) and M. Duguay (Bell Tele phone Laboratories). Plasma diagnos tics by scattering of laser radiation was discussed for several applications including the measurement of magne tic fields and the observation of tur bulence in collision-free shocks. The first reports of CO2 laser scattering from plasmas were given by C. Yamanaka (Osaka), M. Kornherr (Garching) and A. Offenberger (Alberta). The meeting was attended by about 100 people. Representation from most of the major laboratories ensured that all the important topics were covered and that useful discussions were held on the state of the art and possible future developments. G.J. Pert