In the Dominican Archive San Luis Beltran (Bogotá) there is a manuscript of an unknown cursus philosophicus signed by the Franciscan master Pedro Ceballos y Tena, dated in 1741, Quito. The last section of this cursus is entitled Articulus utilis desyllogismo falsigrapho. For the first time, we can reconstruct the long transition of the vocabulary and the conception of deceptive arguments called falsigraphi. Pseudo-Scotus showed the fallacies behind this sort of defective argumentation, despite the geometrical origin of this expression. In the Aristotelian texts, falsigraphus was a philosophical character who wrongly "drew" the geometrical principles in order to induce a demonstration about a specific problem (e.g. circle quadrature). However, Pseudo-Scotus preferred to highlight the op-position between the demonstrative syllogisms - and their immediate principles - and the sophistic arguments configured by linguistic ambiguities or fallacies. These types of fallacies appear in the Cursus philosophicus dictatus Limae (1701) under the name of syllogismum pse[u]dographum. The question is how the later readers of Pseudo-Scotus assumed the linguistic perspective on deceptive arguments focused on categorical mistakes, while neglecting the geometrical character of those ar-guments that involved the use of a "graphical reasoning". The contrast between pse[u]dographumand falsigraphus will show how the linguistic perspective on deceptive arguments was embraced by the later Scholastic. This linguistic emphasis achieves an interesting point, however, in Ceballos y Tena, who recovers the Pseudo-Scotus' view of the term falsigraphus to note the ambiguity of logical terms. The hypothesis of this work is the historical oscillation of deceptive arguments between the linguistic perspective and the graphical reasoning involved in geometrical demonstrations.


Electromagnetic wave propagation characteristic in the underground layer media and echoes simulation technique are important for the inversion of the structure underground.In this paper,the attenuation characteristic of ground penetrating radar(GPR) pulse propagated in the lossy media was studied.The echo simulation method based on the non-constant-Q attenuation model was proposed and the signal model of the GPR echoes and the simulated wave were established.The simulation results demonstrate the new method is valid.


Seismic assessment and subsequent retrofitting of existing road bridges is a growing challenge for structural engineers in earthquake-prone areas. Following the two catastrophic earthquakes which occurred in the last two years in Croatia, the awareness (both from the engineers and public) for older existing road bridges is heightened. As they were designed according to old codes, and due to their age, deterioration, and increased traffic volume over the last decades, these bridges are in need of assessment (and retrofitting when required). The first part of the paper provides a theoretical overview of bridge behavior during seismic events and the identification of critical structural elements, based on the bridge type and size. In the second part, the review on the most commonly used techniques for seismic retrofitting of these bridges is given, with practical examples were available. The techniques are divided based on the corresponding structural elements and bridge types, with a focus on reinforced and prestressed concrete bridges as the most common bridge types in Croatia and the surrounding region.


The Multilingual Central Repository (MCR) is based on the design of the EuroWordNet database. The MCR holds WordNets in various languages (English, Spanish, Italian, Catalan and Basque), which are interconnected via an Inter-Lingual- Index (ILI). In addition, the MCR holds a number of ontologies and domain labels related to all concepts. This paper describes the integration and evaluation of the MCR in a cross-lingual information retrieval system, developed by Irion Technologies, as well as a public exercise for evaluating combined MCR, WSD and CLIR strategies.


Given the growing role of entrepreneurial companies in international markets, recent research endeavors direct their attention towards understanding the role of digital technologies for the internationalization efforts of new ventures. Thereby, existing research is mostly focused on explaining the enabling role of digital technologies as a contextual frame, but widely neglects the role of the individual and his/her capabilities to make use of those technologies. This paper aims at closing the above research gap by focusing on digital capabilities and investigating their effect on the intention to engage in international entrepreneurship. With the help of structural equation modeling, we integrate the concept of digital capabilities into the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and empirically analyze the complex relationship between digital capabilities, the three TPB dimensions, and international entrepreneurial intention (IEI). Using a student sample from a major German university (n = 198), we find evidence for the significant role of digital capabilities for IEI through its positive effects on an individual's attitude towards international entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control.


Feet warrior is known as the most promising Chinese traditional sport entering into the Olympic Games.In a short time,it has made great progress.It is China's first independent intellectual property sports.Its development path has what kind of model value to our national traditional sports culture revival and is worth analyzing thoroughly.This paper analyzes the feet warrior cultural attribute and model value by using the method of literature review and logic analysis.The result shows that feet warrior exercise simultaneously has the leisure culture,athletics culture,the traditional culture,the pop culture,grass-roots culture and elite culture attribute.The cultural development diversity,own characteristic of athletic culture and the media industry development are the cultural root which feet warrior exercise can widely disseminate.Feet warrior exercise has the cultural function of promoting sports culture expense and the industrial development,the formation of young people life value ideographic symbols and the enlightenment function.Feet warrior exercise has a strong paradigm value to our national traditional sports in commercialization operation pattern,movement rule formulation,software and hardware facilities and associated training of personnel,movement project choice and propaganda promotion.


Speaking Arabic in America is dangerous, but speaking English as a second language can also be risky. For some, it might feel safer to speak Arabic—quietly and, if possible, in private spaces. Within geography, language learning is most often discussed in direct relation to research skills and methods, while neglecting to address critical geographies of language education, such as: Who taught or teaches you? When and where did you learn? When and where do you speak? Grappling with dimensions of learning languages that are rife with geopolitical violence, this article takes a relational, interpersonal approach to what it means to speak English and Arabic after Trump's election.


Time evolution of the supercurrent in mesoscopic Josephson junctions has been studied when junctions interacted with three-mode squeezed electromagnetic field(defined by C.F.Lo in Phys.Rev.A V47 733-735,when generalized multimode squeezed states at).The relation between quantum collapse and revival phenomenon in time evolution of the supercurrent and squeezing parameter with different mode-and-mode parameters of the three-mode quantized electromagnetic field is showed.


It is studied theoretically how the trade-off is achieved between the closeness of fit and the generalization power of the optimal GMDH(Group Method of Data Handing) model.The position where the model complexity is corresponding to the minimum of the external criterion is discussed by interpolation method. It is demonstrated that the relationship of model quality on a given learning data set and its generalization power on new,not previously seen data,with the respect to the data sample's noise level,which shows that the ratio between the structural bias and the effect of noise of the optimal GMDH model is in a small domain around 1,and its value changes with the noise and external criterion.This can be explained the way by which the optimal GMDH model arrives at an optimal trade-off between its closeness of fit and the generalization power.


This chapter describes the unmet needs of people with anaphylactic allergies and considers how pervasive technologies and ambient intelligence might support them in allergy management tasks. A working prototype solution, PervaLaxis Touchscreen, is presented which provides allergy management tools on a mobile phone and communicates with a wireless sensor to detect adrenaline injections. The results of usability testing are presented and demonstrate potential for mobile phone tools with ambient intelligence to provide useful and usable functionality to supplement the traditional system of training and education provided for allergy management. Test participants reported PervaLaxis Touchscreen tools, such as adrenaline injectors expiry date list, emergency support button and adrenaline injection sensing, as useful and stated the information and functions as more accessible by being integrated in the mobile phone.


Most of my graduate students today do not know about the DEW (Distant Early Warning) Line that was the cornerstone of the United States' air defense arsenal during the Cold War (1947-1991). The DEW Line was the nothernmost of three lines of radar stations across North America designed to provide early detection and characterization of Soviet bombers and land or sea invasions. An advanced design was used for the radar antennae that came with stringent ground motion (i.e., vibration) tolerances.


A process for making tea extract, tea cake and tea beverage includes such technological steps as pulverizing tea leaves to obtain fine granular milk (1-50 microns) and the addition of edible fine natural assistant. Its products include the extracts of white tea, oolong tea, green tea, black tea and yellow tea, granular tea extract, tea cake, multi-taste tea, beverage and health-care tea. Their advantages are full dissolving, no deposition, no layering and no floating substance. It can also be mixed with milk, sugar, wine, or fruit juice.


Process analytical technology (PAT) has been defined as a mechanism to design, analyze and control pharmaceutical manufacturing processes through measurement of critical process parameters which affect critical quality attributes. PAT checks the quality of raw material attributes both physically and chemically (i.e. at off-line, on-line, in-line). PAT involves a shift from testing the quality of building to the quality of products by testing at several intermediate steps. PAT saves a huge amount of time and money required for sampling and analysis of products. The main goal of PAT is to provide successful tools such as multivariate data analysis and acquisition tools, modern process analyzers or analytical chemistry, endpoint process monitoring, controlling tools and continuous improvement and knowledge improvement tools. In this review attempt has been carried out to explore the concept of PAT, different tools of PAT, goals of PAT, How it Works and Its benefits. Keywords: PAT, Pharmaceutical, Manufacturing process, Quality assurance.


Articular cartilage can be damaged by traumatic injury, is slow to grow and repair after injury, and can eventually be thinned or completely worn out, resulting in debilitating pain and reduced joint motion. This condition, called posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), is highly prevalent and affects approximately 6 million individuals with both physical and economic consequences affecting the wellbeing of the patient. Various in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models have been developed to better understand different mechanical and biochemical properties of cartilage affected by PTOA. In this work, we create an in vitro model of PTOA by examining the effects of sudden impact and continuous physiologic loading on the structural and biochemical properties of both native and engineered cartilage. We also evaluate the anti-inflammatory and repair-inducing effects of various chemical compounds (anti-apoptotic, inhibitors of matrix loss) in this engineered cartilage model of impact. Our results showed that a few of these compounds can have a positive, therapeutic effects on construct properties after impact or physiological loading. To study these conditions further, combinatorial studies involving the use of both immediate injury and continuous loading, as well as those involving the use of multiple compounds are underway.


The design of digital technologies is often influenced by the infrastructural, economic, and social realities of the environment of the designer. Thus, the Human Computer Interaction (HCI) community emphasize various strategies to learn from and about target users (Brown et al., 2010). However, products that are designed with the amount of detail recommended by the HCI community require a significant amount of time, energy and skill and as a result are expensive. The high cost of these services force individuals and organizations to resort to commercial products and it is often the case that commercial products that are successful for one group of people might be unsuitable for another (Johns et al., 2002). To address this problem, user groups often adapt the technology to suit their needs, use the technology in unintended ways or ultimately reject them. In this paper we present a case-study where locally developed technology was preferred over commercial solutions. We draw design insights from this experience on how we might design educational technologies while considering the culture of the target users. Keywords: Education, Result computation in Higher Education, Educational Software Tools, Digital Tools in Higher Education DOI : 10.7176/DCS/9-8-05 Publication date : August 31st 2019


Immigrant selection rules were altered in the early 1990s, resulting in a dramatic increase in the share of entering immigrants with a university degree and in the skilled economic class. These changes were very successfully implemented following significant deterioration in entry earnings during the 1980s. This paper asks whether these change in immigrant selection contributed positively to immigrant entry earnings during the 1990s. Moving to the 2000s, the paper asks whether, after almost two decades of deterioration, the entry earnings of immigrants improved early in the decade, and if not, why not. We find that through the 1990s, altering immigrant characteristics did little to improve earnings at the bottom of the earnings distribution, and hence poverty rates among entering immigrants. A rapidly increasing share of immigrants with university degrees and in the skilled class found themselves at the bottom of the earnings distribution. They were unable to convert their education and "skilled class†designation to higher earnings. This inability may be related to language, credentialism, education quality, or supply issues, as discussed in the paper. However, the changing charcateristics did increase earnings among immigrants at the middle and top of the earnings distribution. We also find that from 2000 to 2004 the entry earnings of immigrants renewed their slide, but for reasons that differed from the standard explanations of the earlier decline. Following a significant increase in the supply of entering immigrants intending to work in IT and engineering during the late 1990s and early 2000s, these immigrants were faced with the IT downturn. The result was declining entry earnings, concentrated largely among these workers.


An optimal control theory for linear quadratic finite time horizon problem is presented and combined with distributed parameters model of the BLDC (BrushLess Direct-Current) motor. Method appropriateness for minimization of the phase current control error and energy delivered to the drive is proven. The paper focuses on finding the best weighting configuration of the objective function. Presented control strategy is performed and presented employing the numerical computations.


Based on finite element theory,the commercial software ANSYS has been used to compute the three-dimensional distribution of electromagnetic field for round bloom continuous casting mold electromagnetic stirrer.Numerical simulation of mould electromagnetic stirrer of round bloom continuous casting has been carried out,and the effects of factors such as mold tube thickness,diameter,electric current and frequency on magnetic field distribution have been studied.Experiment has been done to validate the model.The result shows that the simulated values coincide well with the measured ones,the magnetic field is shielded by mold tube;the thicker the mold tube,the more obvious is the shielding action;the magnetic flux density in the small diameter mold is stronger than that in the bigger diameter mold,and the magnetic flux density decreases with increasing frequency and increases with increasing current.


This paper presents an accurate, highly efficient and learning free method for large-scale radar odometry estimation. By using a simple filtering technique that keeps the strongest returns, we produce a clean radar data representation and reconstruct surface normals for efficient and accurate scan matching. Registration is carried out by minimizing a point-to-line metric and robustness to outliers is achieved using a Huber loss. Drift is additionally reduced by jointly registering the latest scan to a history of keyframes. We found that our odometry pipeline generalize well to different sensor models and datasets without changing a single parameter. We evaluate our method in three widely different environments and demonstrate an improvement over spatially cross validated state-of-the-art with an overall translation error of 1.76% in a public urban radar odometry benchmark, running merely on a single laptop CPU thread at 55 Hz.


In Aotearoa New Zealand, as in many pluralistic democracies, the continuing disparity in educational outcomes has resulted in a growing call for changes in teacher preparation to better support culturally diverse learners in ways that are responsive to the particular national and cultural contexts. This paper presents findings from a teacher education program specifically designed to address this need within the national context of


Aldosterone (3.3 x 10–8 to 10–7 m) exerted a small positive inotropic effect on cat Langendorff heart preparations depressed by pentobarbital and on cat papillary muscles depressed by low calcium. ...


By analyzing the types and characteristics of suspected arson case,main tasks in fire and criminal investigations in suspected arson case have been put forward.The differences between fire and criminal investigations and the importance of the cooperation between the fire department and criminal investigation department have been discussed.


This study intends to investigate pre-marital course practices based on religious moderation as an effort to oppose extremism. This is founded on the concept that the family is the smallest institution in a country, so it is very vital to develop a balanced attitude. The Ministry of Religious Affairs as the spearhead of this strategy has its own purpose in fulfilling this policy. One of the goals is how to genuinely avoid mafsadat early on. The concept of averting this mafsadat in the study of ushul fiqh and fiqh (Islamic law) is known as the sadd al-żarī'ah approach. This study is a literature review based on primary data from rules addressing the implementation of pre-marital courses. Meanwhile, secondary data were obtained from studies linked to the issue of this study. The content analysis method is used to derive findings. The findings in this study indicate that a pre-marital course focused on religious moderation as an effort to fight radicalism is a course model that provides training for future married couples to be moderate. Meanwhile, in the sadd al-żarī'ahperspective, a pre-marital course focused on religious moderation is a measure to prevent mafsadat.


Objective To investigate the value of Neuroleptanalgesia(NLA) in the therapy of radiofrequency ablation(RFA).Methods Thirty-two patients scheduled for RFA were randomly divided into two groups,each with 16 cases: the local analgesia group(received local analgesia by 1% lidocaine) and Neuroleptanalgesia group(received NLA by 0.04 mg/kg Midazolam,1 μg/kg Fentanly,1 mg/kg Flurbiprofen Axetil Injection).The changes of vital signs,,including heart rate(HR),Blood pressure(BP),SpO2,the sense of gastrointestinal discomfort and pain during the surgery were compared between the two groups.Results In local analgesia group,7 cases were found with gastrointestinal discomfort during the surgery,12 cases with apparent changes of HR and/or BP(20%),12 cases with decline of SpO2 and 2 cases suffered unendurable pain.In Neuroleptanalgesia group,no patient was found with gastrointestinal discomfort,decline of SpO2 and unendurable pain;one patient was found with apparent changes of HR and/or BP(20%);and one had vomiting and dizziness after the surgery.Conclusion In terms of painless,safety and humanity,NLA is preferred for RFA than local analgesia.


Abstract The burden of stroke in Brazil, as in other developing countries, has considerably increased over the past years. With incidence rates ranging from 105 to 137 cases per 100 000 persons per year and mortality reaching 24%, stroke is a major public health issue in this continental country. Although most strokes in Brazil can be attributed to classic treatable cardiovascular risk factors, infectious diseases such as Chagas disease, arboviruses hemorrhagic fevers, neurocysticercosis, and malaria are also important risk factors. Socioeconomic disparities and population unawareness about stroke symptoms are great challenges in Brazil. There was an improvement in stroke awareness after the Brazilian Stroke Society and the World Stroke Organization launched several campaigns throughout the country. Another important step was taken in 2012, when the Brazilian Ministry of Health published the Brazilian National Stroke Act, including reimbursement for rtPA, creation of stroke centers qualified according to the hospital complexity, integration of the Brazilian Emergency Medical System, establishment of a budget for the rehabilitation system, and education and training of healthcare professionals and of the population. Since these measures, the number of stroke centers increased from 35 in 2008 to 149 in 2017 and stroke mortality in public stroke centers decreased from 17.9% in 2010 to 12.8% in 2014. Although much has improved, Brazil still has major social inequalities and further measures are needed to guarantee a high-quality stroke care.


The two inevitable trends are bound to lead to a new history of the subject,that is,after the victory of the proletarian revolution,where is the future of the socialist road to? First of all,that is necessary to find out "what socialism is and how to build socialism." This paper comprehensively surveys Marx and Engels envisaged the future of society as well as the history of the relevant historical facts of the international communist movement,the history of the use of combined methods,backward countries of the East after the proletariat to seize power,how to build,how to consolidate and develop the socialist course of this difficult exploration of the theory to describe and explore the phenomenon.


Abstract In this paper the author attempts to extrapolate Bouwer's argument (Bouwer 1990:12–21) of cabaret as alternative discourse even further, and seeks to construct an exploratory argument that a measure of cabaret texts may be sufficiently journalistic in style and structure to be considered so-called New Journalism. The author seeks a common ground between cabaret and New Journalism by defining and tracing the histories of both phenomena. Signs of intertextuality are identified, and once established, the principal stylistic and structural traits are applied to a measure of cabaret texts. The author then incorporates these traits with the news and news values model of De Beer (1977:31–76), to propose an integrated model for the analysis of cabaret texts as New Journalism. The paper does not postulate a rigid theoretical framework, but aims to stimulate further discourse and research on the proposed intertextual reading between cabaret and New Journalism.


The analysis of 13C labelled lipids by mass spectrometry is challenging due to the complexity from labelling the large number of carbon atoms in lipids. To further add to the complexity, different adducts can be produced during electrospray ionisation and in-source fragmentation which can create complex overlapping isotope patterns that can only be resolved using high resolution mass spectrometry. Co-elution of lipids even after chromatographic separation also adds to the potential for overlapping mass spectra. Here, we describe a procedure that enables full 13C labelled patterns to be resolved in complex microalgal lipid extracts as well a procedure that provides structural labelling information. Mass resolving powers of 240,000 full width half maximum (FWHM) and fast targeted MS/MS allowed the differentiation of isotopologues, adducts and unresolved lipid species after chromatographic separation. This enabled the percentage of 13C enrichment to be calculated for each individual lipid species over a time series in the microalgal lipidome. The application of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) also allowed the degree of labelling within the head-group vs acyl chains to be determined, further adding to the detail of information collected. This information is particularly useful for studying lipid synthesis and re-modelling processes and can be extended to other biological systems.


An E1 Nifio-like steady response is found in a greenhouse warming simulation resulting from coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamical feedbacks similar to those producing the present-day E1 Nifios. There is a strong negative cloud-radiation feedback on the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly associated with this enhanced eastern equatorial Pacific warm pattern. However, this negative feedback is overwhelmed by the positive dynamical feedbacks and cannot diminish the sensitivity of the tropical SST to enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations. The enhanced eastern-Pacific warming in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system suggests that coupled dynamics can strengthen this sensitivity. cloud-thermostat hypothesis inferred from the negative correlation between changes in the solar radiation flux induced by clouds and the SST during ENSO extremes (Ramanathan and Collins, 1991). The latter hypothesis was questioned widely (Fu et al., 1992; Wallace, 1992). The intensity of tropical warming is of fundamental importance to global climate change. A better understanding of the roles of the coupled dynamical and cloud-radiation feedbacks in the tropical warming is essential for assessing greenhouse warming. In this report, we examine this issue both conceptually and quantitatively with the aid of a stateof-the-art global coupled ocean-atmosphere-sea ice model


Thirty two Awassi male lambs with initial body weight (27 ± 1.78 kg), and four to five months old, were allocated into four equal groups in factorial experiment to study the effect of two roughage to concentrate rations (R:C, 60:40 and 40:60) supplemented with two levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0 and 5 g SC/head/day) on daily intake, weight gain and digestion of nutrients. The diets were offered in quantity to achieve 150 g daily gain. Results revealed that R:C ratios had no significant effect on daily nutrients intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), nitrogen free extract (NFE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicelluloses, while crude protein(CP), ether extract (EE) and metabolizable energy (ME) increased significantly (P < 0.01). Results showed significant (P < 0.01) decrease in crude fiber (CF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose intake with high concentrate ration. DM, OM, CP, EE, NFE, ME, NDF, cellulose, and hemicelluloses intake were not affected by S. cerevisiae supplementation; whereas, CF and ADF increased significantly (P < 0.01) with S. cerevisiae supplementation. Results also indicated that final body weight (FBW), total BW gain (TBWG), daily body weight gain (DBG) and feed conversion ratio of lambs were not significantly affected by R:C ratios. FBW and TBWG were not affected by addition of S. cerevisiae, whereas, DBG was significantly (P < 0.05) affected, where, higher values were achieved by a group of lambs fed diet with added S. cerevisiae. The digestibility coefficients of DM, OM,CP, EE, NFE and TDN and DCP values increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing level of concentrate in the rations, while no effect on CF digestibility was observed. In contrast, the digestibility coefficients of all nutrients and nutritive values of experimental rations increased significantly (P < 0.05) with S. cerevisiae supplementation. Consequently, S. cerevisiae supplementation may improve DBG and nutrients digestibility of CP and CF in diets meant for lambs.


Treatment of the intratendinous ganglion should include preserving the tendon, which may be weakened by the ganglion (Kannus and Jozsa, 1991; Seidmen and Margles, 1993). Histopathological findings revealed that the tendon substance weakness was caused by a degenerative change in the tendon adjacent to the proximal edge of the lesion, and hyperplastic synovial cells accumulated into the collagen fibres of the tendon in our case. Therefore, it was suitable for the EPL tendon to be resected en bloc with the ganglion and reconstructed with the tendon transfer.


An overview is presented of the NASA-Lewis Free-Piston Stirling Space Power Convertor Technology Program. The goal is to develop the technology base needed to meet the long duration, high capacity power requirements for future NASA space initiatives. Efforts are focused upon increasing system power output and system thermal and electric energy conversion efficiency at least fivefold over current SP-100 technology, and on achieving systems that are compatible with space nuclear reactors. Stirling experience in space and progress toward 1050 and 1300 K Stirling Space Power Converters is discussed. Fabrication is nearly completed for the 1050 K Component Test Power Converters (CTPC); results of motoring tests of cold end (525 K), are presented. The success of these and future designs is dependent upon supporting research and technology efforts including heat pipes, bearings, superalloy joining technologies, high efficiency alternators, life and reliability testing and predictive methodologies. An update is provided of progress in some of these technologies leading off with a discussion of free-piston Stirling experience in space.


Fe del Mundo, M.D., Honorary FAAP , of Quezon City, Philippines, who dedicated her life to improving the care of children in the Philippines, died of a heart attack Aug. 6 at age 99.

Dr. del Mundo claims many firsts in medicine, including first woman to head a government general hospital (1945),


The Eruptions of Vesuvius naturally create a wider and deeper interest than those of any other volcano, owing to the mountain lying within sight and hearing of one of the most populous and frequented eities of Europe. And in these days of telegraphs and newspaper correspondence the mingled feelings of alarm and admiration which these phenomena excite at Naples are rapidly spread over the civilized world, tinged with all the exaggerations and embellishments that the imagination of writers, who, probably, witness an eruption for the first time, can bestow on them.


A happy couple is having their wedding at a beach resort on an island near the coast of Venezuela. After the wedding party, the customers take their things from their rooms and ask for the key to the honeymoon suite they have reserved. The receptionist tells them that they have no reservation for the room and that it is not available. The groom asks for a different suite at the resorti¦s expense since someone failed to make their reservation correctly. How should the resort management handle the issue?


In recent years many risk factors for the development of breast cancer that are linked to estrogens have been identified, and roscovitine (ROSC), a selective cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, has been shown to be an efficient inhibitor of the proliferation of human breast cancer cells. Therefore, we have examined the possibility that interference with estrogen signaling pathways, using tamoxifen (TAM), a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), could modulate the efficacy of treatment with ROSC. In conjunction with TAM, ROSC exhibited enhanced anti‐proliferative activity and CDK inhibition, particularly in estrogen‐dependent MCF‐7 cells. The interaction between both drugs was synergistic. However, in ER‐α‐negative cells the interaction was antagonistic. Exposure of MCF‐7 cells to ROSC abolished the activating phosphorylation of CDK2 and CDK7 at Ser164/170. This in turn prevented the phosphorylation of the carboxyl‐terminal repeat domain of RNA Polymerase II and ER‐α at Ser118, resulting in the down‐regulation of the latter. Concomitantly, wt p53 was strongly activated by phosphorylation at Ser46. Our results demonstrate that ROSC negatively affects the functional status of ER‐α, making it potentially useful in the treatment of estrogen‐dependent breast cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1103–1117, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This study compared 48 adolescents with cancer and a contrast group of 40 healthy adolescents on two indexes of adjustment, self-image, and perceived social support. Overal4 the findings suggested that adolescents with cancer were relatively well-adjusted, although they exhibited, in comparison to healthy adolescents, a less positive self-image in terms of their social and sexual self Several differences were found when the relationship between stressors appraised as most difficult to deal with and perceived social support was examined. Adolescents with cancer dealing with stressors related to family and interpersonal relationships perceived relatively higher levels of social support than did healthy adolescents. In contrast, healthy adolescents perceived greater levels of social support than did adolescents with cancer when stressors related to external demands were identified as most difficult to manage. These results support the importance of considering the relationship between situations appraised as stressful and the process of adjustment to cancer for adolescents.


The invention provides a method and a device for grain equalization of undersea optical cables. The grain equalization device of undersea optical cables comprises: a first optical branching component, which is connected to the optical transmission lines of the undersea optical cables from a part of output branch of an optical attenuation component, an optical amplification component and the optical attenuation component; an output side beam receiving component, which receives branching optical signals from the first optical branching component; an optical amplification control component, which responds to the signals from the output side beam receiving component and controls the state of the optical amplification component; a second optical branching component, which outputs a part of beams in branches; an input side beam receiving component, which receives branching optical signals from the second optical branching component; and an optical attenuation component, which responds to the signals from the input side beam receiving component and controls the state of the optical attenuation component, wherein, the optical amplification control component selects the output constant state of the optical amplification component, and the optical attenuation control component selects the output of the optical attenuation component that has the state of expected optical signal level difference.


Luminescence spectra have been obtained for [M(CO)6](M = Cr, Mo, or W) and [M(CO)5L][M = Mo or W, L = pyridine (py); M = W, L = 3-bromopyridine (3-Br-py)] complexes in argon and methane matrices at 12 K for the first time.


According to the engineering geological investigation report,this paper introduced the section partition methods and structure design key points of foundation pit supporting structure,and according to the principle of dynamic design,information construction,made on-site monitoring to the implementation of foundation pit engineering,put forward emergency processing measures in foundation pit excavation process,for reference.


This study examines the performance of genetic algorithms (GAs) on solving a pickup and delivery vehicle routing problem, typically faced by home delivery service providers. A number of combinations of GA's three main algorithmic operators, namely, selection, crossover, and mutation is implemented, and the data envelopment analysis (DEA) is adopted to evaluate and rank these various combinations of GA operators. The numerical results demonstrate that DEA is appropriate in determining the efficient combinations of GA operators. Among the combinations under consideration, the combination using tournament selection and simple crossover is generally more efficient. The findings also contribute to algorithm development and evaluation of vehicle routing problems from the operations research perspective.


With the aim of exploring the evolution of the Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI, 2000–2005), the earliest complete version of the index — namely, the ESI 2002 — is examined. In this piece of research, the investigation is specifically focused on the clustering of the participating countries into groups that demonstrate distinct ES-related characteristics, as these have been put forward and described in the primary relevant literature. The main two directions of this study cover (a) whether (and how accurately) the proposed clustering can be replicated, and (b) to what extent the reported clusters are consistent, i.e. how well the underlying groupings can be generalised to other (novel) countries. To this end, a variety of parametric and non-parametric clustering techniques — which tackle the problems of cluster creation as well as of cluster prediction — are applied, initially to the entire dataset and, subsequently to subsets of the dataset that are systematically derived via cross-validation. While self-organising maps are revealed as the most appropriate technique for recreating the clusters put forward in the relevant literature, probabilistic neural networks constitute the most accurate methodology for cluster prediction. The results concerning the overall performance attained by these techniques demonstrate that, although the means of creating the original (reported) clusters cannot be derived using either parametric or non-parametric methods, the generalisation/prediction potential of the proposed clustering is satisfactory, especially when using artificial neural network-based techniques.1


Conventional thinking abhors inputting any current harmonic into the city power grid, and has hindered the entrance of photovoltaic power as the urban electrical source. Most modern electrical loads, however, are in fact the current harmonic generators, and unavoidably the line voltage is distorted. Regulations on harmonics should be reviewed, and efforts made to better cope with the harmonics. The new solar-to-ac converter (STAC)** provides conversion of solar photovoltaic into AC power by emulating a negative conductance load to the line voltage. As small-power sources distributed over the city, the current harmonic from STAC act to cancel the effect of the harmonic from other loads, resulting in less voltage waveform distortion in the city lines. This paper describes the underlying reasons for the beneficial current harmonic, and presents experimental results to illustrate "voltage waveform strengthening" when the non-liner positive load's effect are canceled by the non-liner negative conductance of the STAC-operated solar cells. Inverter-operated solar cells on the other hand may cause higher harmonic contents and even short circuit in the city lines. In a properly power-factor-controlled city grid, STAC-operated solar power is now ready for large scale consumption.


Dissociative and sexual behaviors were assessed in a sample of 350 children ages 7-18. Four groups were evaluated: a nonpsychiatric comparison sample, a psychiatric sample with no history of sexual abuse, a psychiatric sample with clear evidence of sexual abuse, and another group for whom sexual abuse was likely but not substantiated. All children completed the Trauma Symptom Checklist-Children (TSC-C), and varying numbers completed the Rorschach and MMPI. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBC), Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI), and Child Dissociation Checklist (CDC). Mean differences on the Dissociation and Sexual Concerns subscales of the TSC-C existed between the nonpsychiatric and psychiatric groups. The Dissociation subscale was significantly correlated with MMPI Scale 8 and CDC. Sexual Concerns were significantly related to sexual content on the Rorschach, CBC sex problems, and the CSBI. Duration and nature of abuse significantly contributed over and above age and gender in predicting total score on the Dissociation subscale.


Clustering of neutrino arrival directions would provide hints for their astrophysical origin. The two-point autocorrelation method is sensitive to a large variety of cluster morphologies and, due to its independence from Monte Carlo simulations, provides complementary information to searches for the astrophysical sources of high energy muon neutrinos. We present the analysis of the autocorrelation function as a function of the angular scale of data collected during 2007-08 with the ANTARES neutrino telescope.


The paper is about combining roles of practitioner and analyst of that practice. I write about writing a thesis about a practice in which I work myself: one human-centred design project. I first describe how I found a research approach: I went from action via description to reflexivity. Then I attempt to write reflexively about several awkward situations in which I found myself - I treat my experiences as material for further study. Representation, telling stories, providing accounts seems to be central in my project(s). I conclude the paper with several suggestions for making my research relevant for both practice and scholarship.


Introduction:
 Hypertension is caused by multi-factors, and the pathogenesis is linked to, generally, the increases in the protein expressions and functions of renal sodium transport proteins along the nephron. One of the major side effects of clozapine (common antipsychotic drug) is hypertension. The mechanism is unknown.

 Hypothesis:
 the pathogenesis of the clozapine-induced hypertension is associated with increases of renal sodium transport proteins.

 Methods:
 we examined the blood pressures (BP) and protein expressions of major sodium transport proteins profiled along the renal tubules in the C57Bl6/J male mice (9 weeks old, n=4-5/group) treated with clozapine at three doses of 5,10 and 20 mg/ kg for 1 week via intraperitoneal injection.

 Result:
 blood pressures (tail-cuff, BP98A, softron, Japan) were higher in clozapine at 20mg/kg/day than vehicle (SBP: 130±1.64 vs 109±1.39, DBP: 87 ±4.12 vs 69±2.10 mmHg, n=5/group) and not altered at 5 & 10 mg/kg/day. There were no differences in BW, serum/urine creatinine and electrolytes except for a slight increase in serum sodium at dose of 20 mg/kg (152.8±0.71 vs 150.6±0.40, mmol/L).In renal homogenates, total protein abundance of NaPi2 (western blotting,199±26% of vehicle) NKCC2(184±20), NCC(213±14),and ENaC-α(217±47),were higher at 20 mg/kg than vehicle. No increases were found in protein expressions of NHE3, αNKA, ENaC-β and ENaC-γ. The expressions of renin, AT1R and ACE at 20mg/kg were similar between groups while ACE2 was decreased (42±10). No increases were found in protein expressions of pNKCC2 in 5&10mg/kg(100±50,45±15); NCC was increased at 5 mg/kg (175±9); α NKA was increased in 5mg/kg (216±5) and 10mg/kg (163±2) groups.In plasma membrane enriched fraction (17k), NKCC2(204±43) and ENaC-α(381±28)were higher at 20 mg/kg than vehicle. In intracellular membrane enriched fraction (200k), NKCC2(521±127) was higher than vehicle. Phosphorylated NKCC2 was increased in renal homogenates(331±35),17k(427±87) 200k(521±127) but WNK4 was not changed.

 Conclusions:
 increases of renal sodium transport proteins, mainly pNKCC2 and NKCC2, contribute to the dose-related increase of BP in mice treated with clozapine and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the clozapine-induced hypertension.


Our cover features scanning electron microscopy of the altered thymic architecture in the thymus of FVB/N mice. The image relates to the article by Franckaert et al. (pp. 1535–1547) in which the authors describe multiple architectural and cellular features that precede premature thymic involution in FVB/N mice. FVB/N thymuses revealed additional surface fissures, distinct from the separation of thymic lobes in that the fissures were interconnected by a fibrous network. In this article, the authors identified pro-T-cell loss as the main driver of premature thymic involution, and highlight the plasticity of the thymic stroma, capable of maintaining function across diverse interstrain architectures.


Current studies indicate that Self-Esteem is positively related to Self-Concept Clarity; findings highlighting that people with a higher Self-Concept Clarity also attained high levels of Self-Esteem. The Self-Concept Clarity Scale (Campbell, Trapnell, Heine, Katz, Lavallee & Lehman, 1996) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) were applied on a sample of 149 Romanian students. Results indicate strong correlations between the two constructs, the male students obtaining stronger correlation levels than the female students. The obtained findings support previous research conducted on students of other nationalities. 12 Published by Elsevier Ltd.


An analytical comparative method is proposed f or the evaluation of relative performance of design alternatives by multiple criteria which are expressed in terms of quantitative design variables. Any one of the latter may be included in one or more of the criterion functions. For each criterion the appropriate performance function is applied to the absolute values, which are then converted to weighted relative values. Subsequently multiple statistical parameters are employed, also accounting for the deviation of individual criterion performances. Finally, those alternatives with above-average values for all statistical criteria can be rank-ordered. The effect can be investigated of design variables on the overall performance of each alternative. The method also allows the performances to be ascertained of alternatives at each phase or over the complete life cycle and of phases in the life cycle for the given set of alternatives.


Recently, it has been emerged a novel topic with a prospective applicability which is called the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT) and its subsequent continuation: Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) which is expected to play a crucial role in various fields of the engineering and medicine. The optimal collaboration between IoNT and IoBNT would result in prospective tools to be used inside of the so-called nanomedicine whose main target might be in the level of the prevention, identification and diagnosis of diseases in their very early phases. We suggest to implement a course in the last year of the program of electrical and telecommunication engineering encompassing the areas and disciplines such as physics, computing, calculus, physiology, nonlinear systems and telecommunications in a coherent manner. We provide a pedagogical example to be implemented in the capstone project with a duration of up to 16 weeks or 4 months.


In this study, a Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was prepared on a titanium implant by an electrochemical deposition process. The titanium pre-treatment by anodizing in 1.65 mol/L sulfuric acid with (10V) at room temperature. The deposition was all conducted at a constant voltage of 6.0 V, for 1 h at room temperature. The coatings thus prepared were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thickness of the coated layer. The electrochemical deposition of HA occurred on the titanium as a cathode. Coated titanium by HA after anodizing revealed a good corrosion protection efficiency even at a temperature ranged (293-323) K in artificial saliva. Activation energy and pre-exponential factor (kinetic parameters) were calculated and discussed. Also, thermodynamic values ΔG and ΔH were calculated and it shows that corrosion reaction was non-spontaneous and exothermic in nature before treatment but after anodizing the corrosion reaction become endothermic.


Emergency Writing: Irish Literature, Neutrality, And the Second World War is a landmark of Irish modernist studies because it situates late modernist Irish prose and poetry in their often-forgotten context of the political quandary of Irish Emergency. Teekell shows through sustained close readings how Irish wartime prose and poetry developed syntactical circumlocutions to challenge and occasionally subvert the principle of neutrality adopted by the Irish government during World War II


The author estimates the Czech Treasury yield curve at a daily frequency from 1999 to the present. He uses the parsimonious yield curve model of Nelson and Siegel (1987), for which he suggests a parameter restriction that avoids abrupt changes in parameter estimates and thus allows for the economic interpretation of the model to hold. The estimation of the model parameters is based on market prices of Czech government bonds. The Nelson-Siegel model is shown to fit the Czech bond price data well without being over-parameterized. Thus, the model provides an accurate and consistent picture of the Czech Treasury yield curve evolution. The estimated parameters can be used to calculate spot rates and hence par rates, forward rates or the discount function for practically any maturity. To eh author´s knowledge, consistent time series of spot rates are not available for the Czech economy.


The bright F8 V star t Andromedae was previously reported to have a 4.6 day Doppler velocity periodicity, consistent with having a Jupiter-mass companion orbiting at 0.059 AU. Follow-up observations by both the Lick and Advanced Fiber-Optic Echelle spectrometer (AFOE) planet survey programs conÐrm this periodicity and reveal additional periodicities at 241 and 1267 days. These periodicities are consistent with Keplerian orbital motion and imply two additional companions orbiting at 0.83 and 2.5 AU, with minimum (M sin i) masses of 2.0 and 4.6 respectively. Non-Keplerian M JUP , explanations for the observed Doppler velocity variations, including radial and nonradial pulsations, rotational modulation of surface features, and stellar magnetic cycles, are examined. These explanations seem unlikely based on the observed photometric and chromospheric stability of the star. This putative three-planet system is found to be dynamically stable by both analytic techniques and numerical simulations. The outer two companions both reside in eccentric orbits, as do all nine known extrasolar planet candidates in distant orbits. If real, this multiple-planet system is the Ðrst around a main-sequence star, and its study should o†er insights into planet formation, planet-planet interactions, and the observed eccentricities of planetary orbits. Subject headings : binaries : spectroscopic È planetary systems È stars : individual (t Andromedae)


Abstract : The Naval Research Laboratory and other Navy laboratories cooperated to conduct an investigation to determine the vertical effective radiated power (VERP) of the TACAMO-IV-A airborne VLF transmitting system. The mobile nature of this system required special techniques for this investigation. A series of comparison tests was made in which the TACAMO-IV-A was located near the ground-based transmitting station NAA at Cutler, Maine, and operated at 18.2 kHz, a frequency close to that of NAA(17.8kHz). Simultaneous field-strength measurements of special transmissions from the two transmitting systems were made at great distances. Precise measurements of the NAA radiated power and a comparison of the received field strengths were used to determine the TACAMO-IV-A VERP. This report is intended as an analysis of the results of the VERP measurements with particular emphasis on its application to the prediction of communication coverage to surface or subsurface receiving systems. The results show that the system design objective of an average VERP of 100 kW was obtained. However, optimum communications from the TACAMO systems are achieved while flying in a tight, 2- to 3-minute-orbit pattern. Even under optimum conditions the received field strengths from the TACAMO-IV-A and other TACAMO systems have an orbit-produced periodic fluctuation of 3 dB. Since this fluctuation occurs at least once each orbit, the effective VERP for communication coverage predictions for the TACAMO-IV-A is 71 kW, which is 1.5 dB below the average 100 kw. (Author)


PURPOSE:To enhance the magnetic and mechanical nonlinearity by installing the individual voice coil into the magnetic gap each formed at ssveral areas in the length direction of the center pole, thus ensuring a high-performance electricity-sound conversion with a reduced distortion mudulus. CONSTITUTION:Center pole 2 made of the columnar or cylindrical mangetic material is fixed in plural units at th upper part of the center of flange 1 made of the nonmagnetic material, and air escape holes 3-5 are drilled through at the periphery and the center area of pole 2. furthermore, ring-shaped permanent magnet 6 of a prescribed thickness is held between 1st and 2nd plates 7 and 8 made of the magnetic material, and then plate 8 is fixed to flange 1. At the same time, frame 11 is fied to plate 7, and diaphragm 13 is attached between frame 11 and voice coil bobbin 14. Then 1st and 2nd voice coils 18 and 19 are installed between pole 2 and plares 7/8 with a link to diaphragm 13, and coils 18 and 19 are supported by 1st and 2nd dampers 15 and 16 so that these coils may be shifted in the length direction.


LAGP (Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3) as a lithium ion conducting filler, was added into P(VDF-HFP) based gel polymer electrolytes to study its effects on the morphology, structure, ionic conductivity and battery performances. The composite membranes show an enormous number of micropores, and exhibit high swelling when activated with liquid electrolyte. The addition of a glass ceramic filler increases the amorphous phase of the polymer by acting as facile gel centers and enhances the ionic conductivity. The electrochemical stability window is up to 5.0 V versus Li+/Li. The discharge capacity of cells assembled with LAGP/P(VDF-HFP) membranes reaches 169 mA h g−1 and retains over 96% of its initial capacity after 100 cycles, and its rate performance improves after the addition of LAGP. The results indicate that the LAGP/P(VDF-HFP) composite materials can be developed as excellent polymer electrolyte membrane for lithium ion batteries.


2-[(N-ethylamino)methyl]-4-nitrophenol, as timing group, was synthesized from p-nitrophenol. An intermediate was prepared from 2-[(N-ethylamino)methyl]-4-nitrophenol and the coupler group through six steps. Reaction of S,S′-carbonyldi-1-enthyl-5-mercaptotetrazole and S,S′-carbonyldi-1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole with the intermediate yield two DIAR (development inhibitor archimeric (releasing)) couplers. Their structures were characterized by ()~1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), IR((infrared spectrum)) and MS(mass spectrum).


Microtubule (MT)-dependent MT nucleation occurs on the lateral surface of pre-existing MTs and provides a highly efficient means of amplifying MT populations and reorganizing MT architectures. The ‑tubulin ring complex (TuRC) serves as the template to initiate nascent MT polymerization. And augmin, a hetero-octameric protein complex, acts as a recruiting factor to target TuRC to pre-existing MTs and trigger new MT growth. Although MT-dependent MT nucleation has been extensively studied in both animal and plant cells, it remains unclear how the augmin complex assembles in plant cells, especially in cell cycle- and cell type-specific manners, and how its spatial structure orchestrates the nucleation geometry. In this review, we summarize the advances of augmin-dependent MT nucleation and its geometry regulation, and highlight recent findings and emerging questions concerning the role of the augmin complex in establishing MT arrays and its cell cycle-specific compositions in plant cells.


Many texts on sickle cell disease (SCD) usually highlight on its pathophysiological features, and the clinical correlates, turning a blind eye, as it were, to the enzymatic actions behind these features. Even when authors touch on the enzymes, they are done in a piece-meal manner. This review looks at the various studies on sickle cell disease, in which the actions of enzymes underlying the SCD condition have been considered. The search engine used is HINARI, that allows free access (particularly to researchers like some of us in the developing countries) to some top biochemical and medical journals.


Hardware-in-the-Loop tests of components for high-voltage dc transmission grids, for example circuit breakers, require converter systems capable of generating a high output current with fast transients of the output signal at different output voltages. In this paper, a three-level buck converter (N3L) employing three different supply voltages to enable a wide voltage operation range is presented. The modulation of the converter is investigated in detail with special focus on ripple cancellation, the startup of the interleaved converter and the level shifting between different converter output voltages. A prototype system is designed and constructed, optimized for pulsed power operation and compared to a two level and to a neutral point clamped converter design. The system has been simulated numerically and the design boundaries are validated by measurements on the prototype system.


A tunneling field-effect transistor with an ultrashort channel-length of 25 nm has been experimentally realized using InAs/AlSb heterostructures. The conduction between the source and the drain is through a sequential process, including tunneling and drift-diffusion mechanisms. According to its operating principle, the transistor is inherently free of the conventional short-channel effects. The results demonstrate a new scheme of building nanometer-scale transistors.


Objectives Cervical cancer is one of the most commonly occurring female cancers with increasing incidence. The mainstay of treatment for locally advanced disease is primary chemoradiotherapy. Pre-operative imaging in combination with laparoscopic extraperitoneal para-aortic node dissection (LEPAND) has been used to best target this treatment. This study looked at all women in the Belfast Trust over the last 9 years who had this investigation as part of their pre-treatment workup. Methods Retrospective data was collected for all those who had LEPAND for locally advanced cervical cancer from January 2010 to December 2018. All women had pre-operative imaging that suggested positive pelvic nodes but negative para-aortic nodes. Results Sixty women were identified in this group ageing 23–69 with median age 39. 93.3% had stage 2b cervical cancer, the remainder were 1b2 or 3b. 17% had adenocarcinoma of the cervix and 83% had squamous cell carcinoma. The median survival overall is 5 years. 70% of women had primary LEPAND surgery before chemoradiotherapy with the remainder having primary treatment before surgery. 15% of the study population died, 90% of which died within two years of diagnosis. 67% of these women had primary LEPAND followed by chemoradiotherapy with the others proceeding straight to primary treatment prior to surgery. 5% (3/60) had positive para-aortic nodes on histopathology although 100% appeared node negative on MRI/PET imaging. None with positive nodes had recurrences but 66% died within 2 years. Conclusions Despite having negative nodes on imaging 5% had positive para-aortic lymph nodes on histopathology. LEPAND surgery prevented undertreatment in these women.


Up to now, economics has no mathematically founded concept that allows to distinguish between economic wealth and economic growth (prosperity). Intuitively, wealth is a fixed state and as such constant over time. Growth by itself implies time dependency. By using new economic concepts, we can now confirm our intuition with mathematical formulas. There is a clear quantitative distinction between wealth and growth. This distinction has a large impact on how we have to rebuild economic theories and how to overcome economic crises. An impressive overview on the topic is also given in the video "Quadratic prosperity growth".


This study aims to identify and analyze the effect of inflation, GDP growth, firm size, leverage and profitability towards the stock price on the property and real estate sectors listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2005-2013. The first hypothesis is the inflation rate influences negatively on the stock price, the second hypothesis is GDP growth influences positively on the stock price, the third hypothesis is the firm size influences positively on the stock price, the fourth hypothesis is leverage influences negatively on the stock price, and the fifth hypothesis is profitability influences positively on the stock price. Stock prices measured by the Annual Closing Price are seen in the company's annual financial statements. The sample of this study is the industrial property and the real estate listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2005-2013. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling in order to obtain a total sample of 10 companies and real estate properties that meet the criteria established for research sample. Inflation is measured by the consumer price index rate, GDP growth is seen from the changes in nominal GDP, the size of the Company is measured by total sales, leverage is measured using the Debt Equity Ratio (DER) and profitability is measured by Return on Assets (ROA). Data analysis techniques is performed with the classical assumption, hypotheses are tested using multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 for windows.The results showed that in partial inflation, GDP growth, and leverage have no effect on stock prices, while the size of the company and profitability have positive effect on the stock price on the company property and real estate sectors listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange.


Abstract Following on their previous work, in which they found the annular modes to be a preferred response of a simplified general circulation model atmosphere to a number of mechanical forcings, the authors now explore the quantitative relationship between forcing and response. In particular, the applicability of the fluctuation–dissipation theorem to this problem is investigated. First, the set of model trials is expanded by including runs in which the applied forcings are thermal rather than mechanical. For thermal forcings confined to the extratropics, "annular mode–like" responses, reminiscent of those found in earlier work, are found, but, as found in previous studies, the response is less like an annular mode when the forcing has significant amplitude in the tropics. Assuming small departures from the control climatology, and making a few further assumptions, the authors derive a theoretical relationship between forcing and response. This relationship is a statement of the fluctuation–dissipation ...


Invasive species have the potential to alter the dynamics of detrital subsidy from high to low productivity areas through changes in quantity and nutritional quality of detrital material. We examined the effect of the invasive alga Codium fragile ssp. fragile on the nature of detrital export from subtidal algal beds off Nova Scotia, Canada, by comparing changes in mass, nutri- tional quality (%C, %N, C/N ratio), concentration of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP, a sec- ondary metabolite that deters grazers), and isotopic composition (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) between C. frag- ile and the native kelp Saccharina latissima at 4 wk intervals over 16 wk of degradation in cages on a sand bottom at 19 m depth. C. fragile degraded more slowly, and had a consistently lower C/N and higher DMSP concentration, than S. latissima. Isotope signatures did not differ between algal species: δ 15 N became slightly enriched (~1‰) after 16 wk of degradation, with no change in δ 13 C. We also compared macrofaunal communities associated with degrading thalli of each algal species and found significantly higher abundances of invertebrates (mainly capitellid poly- chaetes) on S. latissima after 8 wk of degradation, resulting in lower evenness (J') and diversity (H') on S. latissima compared to C. fragile. Macrofaunal community composition became similar between algal species at 12 and 16 wk in concordance with decreases in C/N ratio in S. latissima and DMSP concentration in C. fragile. Our results indicate that differences in biochemical compo- sition and the rate of degradation between C. fragile and native kelps result in community-level effects in areas linked to shallow algal beds via the transfer of detritus.


It is difficult to discribe the sense of consumer catisfaction cegree(CSD) with traditional evaluation methods.Base on the importance of evaluation category about consumer satisfaction,this paper improves the traditional weighted_average method;and then,sets up the sigle_factor and multi_factor fuzzy evaluating model of the CSD;finally,gives a practical example to illustrate the condition.


Abstract : The long-term goal of this research is to develop an understanding of the predictability of small-scale atmospheric circulations appearing in forecasts generated by state-of-the-art, high-resolution mesoscale models. Using previously collected observations and archived simulations performed using the Navy's Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) model, as well as new simulations, we focus on assessing the predictability of winds, mountain waves, and clear air turbulence (CAT) in the lee of the Sierra Nevada. The specific questions addressed in our research are as follows: (1) How sensitive are downslope winds to atmospheric conditions upstream of the mountain barrier?; (2) When such sensitivity is not extreme, can forecast errors in downslope winds and mountain-wave structure be linked to large characteristic errors in the atmospheric conditions forecast to occur on the upstream side of the mountains?; (3) Can systematic improvements in COAMPS be identified to remove these errors?; and (4) What do ensemble forecasts indicate about the sensitivity of downslope winds and mountain waves to the upstream conditions, and how can such forecasts be best used to predict these events? The answers to these questions are of direct benefit to operational forecasters using COAMPS to produce aviation and other forecasts over complex terrain. Although the focus is on the forecasting of terrain-induced mesoscale disturbances, these findings are likely to be relevant to the predictability of other mesoscale phenomena. The investigators used the COAMPS model to conduct a series of 70-member ensemble simulations of high-wind events observed during the Terrain-Induced Rotors Experiment (T-REX). By examining the ensemble spread, they obtained an unprecedentedly complete description of the sensitivity of mountain waves, CAT, and downslope winds to small variations in the initial conditions.


Abstract The aim of the study was to analyse the differences in the consumption frequency of fruit juices and sweetened beverages according to gender, age and the prevalence of overweight. The study involved 1,700 adolescents aged 13-19 from north-eastern Poland. The frequencies of juices and beverages consumption are presented in 5 categories: from less than once a week to daily. On the basis of measurements of body weight and height the relative body mass (rBMI) is calculated, using standardization by Cole. The study showed that 77.8% of the sample had normal weight and 16.9% were overweight. Girls more often consumed fruit juices than boys and sweetened beverages less often. Girls with age drank less frequently fruit juices and sweetened beverages. Among boys, only the frequency of fruit juice consumption decreased with age. Daily consumption of sweetened beverages among young people increased the risk of being overweight by more than 60% compared to young people consuming them once a week. The frequency of consumption of fruit juices and sweetened beverages was more strongly related to age and sex than to body mass. The prevalence of overweight among adolescents was associated with the frequency of sweetened beverage consumption, but not with the frequency of fruit juice consumption.


Based on power bond graph-block diagram method,the general mathematical models of the suspension cylinder, hydraulic pipes and accumulator are established,and the simulation model is established based on SIMULINK control simulation software. A heavy-duty anti-rolling suspension system is used as a study object,quantitative analyzing the dynamic characteristics response of hydraulic pipes on heavy-duty anti-rolling suspension system under different frequency.The results show that the hydraulic pipes' inertia effect, flow resistance losses and pipe wall elasticity have great impact on the dynamic performance of hydraulic system, especially the high frequency servo hydraulic system. Introduction Heavy-duty anti-rolling suspension system is used to suppress rolling trend and improve the driving safety while driving, A heavy-duty truck anti-rolling suspension system with poor running smoothness is due to the smaller size of the pipe between the external accumulator and cylinder.Hydraulic pipe is the important component of the heavy-duty anti-rolling suspension system, the hydraulic pipes' inertia effect, flow resistance losses and pipe wall elasticity have great impact on the dynamic performance of hydraulic system, especially the high frequency servo hydraulic system. Many papers in establishing the hydraulic system models usually ignore or simplify the influence of hydraulic pipes on hydraulic system.In fact, the influence of hydraulic pipes parameters on hydraulic system, especially the high frequency servo hydraulic system dynamic response should not be ignored. Pipes have capacitive,resistive and sentimental effects which are distributed on the entire road。 At present, the main research methods on dynamic characteristics of pipes are method of characteristics,frequency method,distributed-parameters bond graph method and so on。 Sectional lumped parameter method is one of the frequency method,which is suitable when the pipeline is short,the frequency pulse is low, or a larger error occurs;For the high-precision processing on the friction,the recursive algorithm of the method of characteristics is regular and accurate,but for the boundary value problems and the difficulties in connecting to related fluid component models,the method of characteristics used in practical engineering is limited; Distributed-parameters method is one of another frequency method,which is accurate in studying pipes。 This paper uses lumped parameter pipeline impedance with limited number to replace Distributed-parameter pipeline impedance approximately and the sectional lumped parameter method which simplifies the transfer matrix to create bond graph model of hydraulic pipeline, simultaneously,referring to method including dynamic friction put forward by LI Hong-ren and CHENG Zhao-di,it amends the sectional lumped parameter model。 In this paper, a heavy-duty truck anti-rolling suspension system with external accumulator is studied as an object, studying the hydraulic pipe parameters between the cylinder and the accumulator influence on the dynamic characteristics of the anti-rolling suspension system, the 5th International Conference on Information Engineering for Mechanics and Materials (ICIMM 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 605 physical model of the anti-rolling suspension system,including pipes model is established based on power bond graph-block digram modeling throry, the dynamic simulation model is set up using SIMULINK,mainly studying the influence of pipe parameters between cylinder and accumulator on dynamic characteristic of the anti-rolling suspension system. Physical and Simulation Model Heavy-duty anti-rolling suspension system is a nonlinear system, the physical model can be simplified an equivalent dynamic model as shown in figure 1, the equivalent model compses of cylinder, accumulator, hydraulic pipe, equivalent resistance components and sprung mass, etc. Fig.1 Simplified model of anti-rolling suspension system Fig. 2 N section bond graph model of hydraulic pipe The diagram 2 is the bond graph model of pipe divided into N segments. 1 f R / 2 f R —static friction fluid resistance, 5 − ⋅ ⋅ m s N 。General expression 4 128 d l R f π ρυ = ( ρ -fluid density, 3 − ⋅m kg ;υ -fluid movement viscosity, s m / 2 ; l -pipe length,m; d -pipe diameter, m ) ; 1 d R / 2 d R — dynamic friction fluid resistance , 5 − ⋅ ⋅ m s N 。 General expression f d R r l R 6392 . 0 ) / ( 987 . 1304 − = ; 1 I / 2 I —fluid sense, 4 − ⋅m kg 。Linear expression A l I ρ = ( ρ -fluid density, 3 − ⋅m kg ;l -pipe length,m;A -pipe cross-sectional area, 2 m ); 1 C / 2 C —fluid capacity, 1 5 − ⋅ N m 。Linear expression ) 1 1 ( 2 0 f w K E l r C + = π ( w E -pipe volume elastic modulus,Pa; f K -fluid volume elastic modulus, Pa). The simulink simulation model is shown in figure 3.


The effects of agronomic measures including sowing norm,date and types of seedling tray on rice long-age seedlings,were studied by using super rice,II-you 602,in wheat(rapeseed)-rice planting area in Chengdu basin.The results indicated that in normal sowing time,though rooting ability of long-age seedlings decreased from 30 to 42 days after sowing,the population size of seedlings declined slowly,root-shoot ratio,width of stem base and dry weight per unit seedling height increased.However,between 42 and 54 days after sowing,the population size of seedlings decreased sharply,root-shoot ratio and dry weight per unit seedling height began to decline,and rooting ability of long-age seedlings continued to fall.With postponement of sowing time,the population size of seedlings increased,but root-shoot ratio,rooting ability and dry weight per unit seedling height not improved dramatically and even declined.The sowing norm of 431.03 to 554.19 g m-2 was beneficial to population size and individual quality.The effects of plastic cell-tray were better when seedling age over a certain phase(about 40 days after sowing),the descending of seedling quality and population size was slower,whether further seedling age was prolonged or sowing norm properly increased.The above results showed that sowing date of around April 15,sowing norm of 431.03 to 554.19 g m-2,using hard plastic cell-tray and seedling age of about 42 days were good for raising mechanical transplanting long-age seedlings by the dry raising method of rice seedlings in Chengdu basin.


According to the outer membrane protein A (OmpA) gene sequences of Riemerella anatipestifer and Escherichia coli recorded in GenBank,two pairs of primer with highly conservative region in the two strains were designed by Primer Premier 5.0 software,rapid multiplex PCR detection method of Riemerella anatipestifer and Escherichia coli was established,the 670 and 408 bp specific DNA fragment could be amplified by the PCR method we established,from their genome of Riemerella anatipestifer and Escherichia coli those were isolated respectively,which consistent with experimental design.The amplified DNA fragments were cloned and sequenced and matched with Riemerella anatipestifer and Escherichia coli gene sequences.The detection limit of Riemerella anatipestifer and Escherichia coli were 4×104 CFU/mL,3×104 CFU/mL,respectively.The established PCR method was specific,rapid and sensitive,it can be used for the diagnosis of Riemerella anatipestifer,Escherichia coli and mixed infection in ducks.


This paper focuses on the auditor characteristics: auditor size,auditor industry specialization and auditor opinion;client size and the auditor-client relationship: auditor turnover,and use the client firm's cost of capital as a proxy for the degree to which the market values these quality attributes.The first two characteristics are negatively related to the cost of equity capital,and the cost will increase when auditor issues non-clean opinion.These results are more significant for small clients.We further test the relation when auditor switch,and find a negative relation with a switch from none-big to big auditor,and a positive relation with a switch from big to non-big auditor,especially in the small clients.


This thesis briefly introduced a miniature automatic high precision power test device. This device has reached a satisfactory result through the experiment and testing. This test device can give wireless remote measuring on the ax power,the safety level improved dramatically comparing to the former device and system. At the same time,this device can more accurately measure the power data on ax system,this gives reliable evidence on increasing the energy transmitting efficiency and energy saving. The devise utilizes the comparatively advanced ZigBee wireless data transmitting system,with this system,the device self consumption of energy are kept at a very low level,this make good combination of high efficiency and low energy consuming. Compare with former device and system,this device possess its creative feature on transmitting the data and possesses the high potential of popularizing and applying.


Soil salinity principally affects soil properties, environment and productivity of agricultural areas for developing countries. Currently, no inversion algorithms exist for directly determining soil salinity from microwave remote sensing data, but we hope to draw on the soil moisture retrieval algorithms to obtain soil salinity amount. So the effect of moisture and salinity on dielectric constant and the backscattering coefficient (VV and HH polarization mode) are simulated using the advanced integral equation model (AIEM) combined with the modified Dobson dielectric mixing model. The results indicate that real part of dielectric constant decreases with soil salinity content, however, the imaginary part increases with it especially for the high moisture regions. Both soil moisture and salinity affect the VV and HH polarization backscattering coefficient, with moisture the backscattering coefficient increases evidently, but with soil salinity backscattering coefficient increase at the small moisture region and it remains unchanged for the HH polarization or expresses the weakly downward tendency for VV polarization respectively at the high moisture region. Moreover, the simulation results also suggest that VV or HH polarization can be used to retrieve soil salinity for the soil with low moisture (<0.3 cm3•cm-3).


The Confessing Church did not address itself to Hitler's foreign policy until war seemed imminent during the Czechoslovakian crisis of September, 1938. On the day of the Munich Agreement (September 30) liturgies of thanksgiving were held instead of a prayer service of confession and intercession written and circulated a few days earlier by three members of the Provisional Administration of the Confessing Church, Albertz, Bohm, and Miller. A controversy was touched off the following October 27 when the S.S. newspaper, Das Schwarze Korps, printed the prayer service and accused its authors of treason. Confessing Church moderates, led by Bishops Marahrens, Wurm, and Meiser, made no accusations of treason, but publicly disassociated themselves from the authors. Confession and intercession were unsuitable for the occasion, said the critics, and the failure to mention explicitly Hitler and the Sudeten Germans was a grievous error. On both counts Confessing Church radicals defended the prayer service and accused the bishops of yielding to pressure from Nazi authorities. The authors denied that either what the prayer service contained or omitted constituted a criticism of Hitler's foreign policy. Even though the Confessing Church did not question the morality of Hitler's foreign policy or consider whether it could in good conscience support a Hitler war effort, the prayer service set a precedent, followed by many Confessing Church clergymen thereafter: instead of proclaiming the righteousness of Germany's cause and praying for victory, Albertz, B6hm, and MUiller confessed Germany's sins, interceded for all peoples, and prayed for peace.


Objective To research the effects of social withdrawal on the metabolic learning and memory,to shed more lights on the relationship between social activities such as parent-child relationship,social isolation,collective life and feeding behaviors in children. Methods A total of 39three-month-old male C57BL/6Jmice were randomly divided into communally and lonely living groups,both of which were then subject to the conditioned flavor preference training using the metabolic energy as the unconditioned stimulus.As the feeding training was done in a single-living behavioral cage,where the communally but not lonely living mice would produce strong social withdrawal.The effects of social withdrawal on the metabolic learning and memory were assessed. Results Prior to conditioned flavor preference training,the social withdrawal group of mice drunk less flavored solution during the pre-test period compared with the control group,but had no significant preference over the two unconditioned flavors.After the conditioning,both groups of mice preferred to the flavor coupled with energy metabolism over the other one.However,the social withdrawal group of mice produced less flavor preference compared with control.During the entire training process,there were no significant changes in body weight of both groups of mice. Conclusion Social withdrawal indeed significantly affects feeding behavior,especially on the metabolic learning and memory in mice.The research emphasizes on the impact of proper social interaction for diet feeding behavior in children.


Overbank deposits provide a potentially valuable record of flows that have passed through a submarine channel. The architecture of overbank deposits has generally assumed to relate to autogenic processes related to channel construction. In previous models, which are largely based on passive margins, the distribution and geometry of these deposits is relatively simple, and hence generally predictable. Here, we show how the interaction of different flow types with the complex morphology on a highly-tectonically modified margin can profoundly affect overbank depositional processes, and hence also the resultant deposit geometry and architecture. Our case study is the Acquarone Fan, located in the intraslope Gioia Basin in the south-eastern Tyrrhenian Sea, whose topography is mainly controlled by the presence of the Acquarone structural ridge, which results in the confinement of the left south-west side of the channel-levee system. The research is carried out through analysis of multibeam bathymetric and high-resolution Chirp sub-bottom profiler data. Seven depositional units (Units I-VII) record the recent depositional history of the fan; their thickness has been mapped and their parent flow-types have been interpreted through their seismic response. According to unit thickness maps, two main patterns of deposition are recognized in the overbank area. Their depocenters coincide with different extensive sediment wave fields developed in specific tracts of the right levee and in the frontal splay area. We show that the location of the depocenters varies in time according to the prevalent flow-type and by its interaction with the surrounding seafloor topography and channel planform. We interpret that the lateral confinement of the channel by the structural high generates episodic rebound of the overspilling flow and the inversion of the channel asymmetry. The vertical stratification of the flow strongly influences the overbank deposition where the channel planform has a non-linear shape such as bends and knick-points. In particular, the vertical stratification influences the hydraulic jump size that conditions the amount of overspill and thus the location of overbank depocenters. This study highlights that variations in the sediment distribution and composition on the overbank can be related to the way different flows interact with tectonic setting.


T he practice of anesthesiology is a demanding and potentially hazardous occupation (1). Much of the literature to support this claim reflects research involving medical students, residents, or young physicians. However, little attention has been directed toward the challenges faced by older anesthesiologists. The successful practice of anesthesiology requires a high degree of knowledge and skill, as well as mental and physical stamina. Those who fail to maintain these standards are at risk of causing serious injury to their patients. Many other professions that place similar demands on their practitioners have been more aggressive about monitoring the health, well-being, and competence of their aging practitioners. The airline industry has set a good example. Commercial pilots are required to take regular examinations to demonstrate their continued good health and professional skills. Contractual and legal age limits determine whether a pilot can remain active. These practices are in sharp contrast to the relative laissez-faire attitude of anesthesiology's professional organizations and licensing boards with regard to older practitioners. The purpose of this review is to examine some of the issues that challenge practicing anesthesiologists as they age and to suggest some remedies to assist them, their colleagues, and, ultimately, their patients.


The fruit flies, Pterandrus rosa (Ksh.) and Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) were observed to follow distinctly different diurnally cyclical patterns in their mating habits. Temperature thresholds were found but light intensity was the most important environmental factor having a bearing on the differences in mating habits of the two species. Mating by C. capitata was inhibited by light intensities below 200 foot candles, while in P. rosa the optimum zone was between 20 and zero foot candles. In C. capitata mating was consumated on the day of commencement, whereas P. rosa broke off copulation only on the ensuing day. The data indicate that differential frequency of optimal light intensities at close of day, coincident with favourable temperatures for sex activity, may influence the area distribution of the two species in the Western Cape Province.


group CONCLUSIONS: In this 20 year review of our experience with robotic prostatectomy, complication rates and continence improved over time. Confounding factors such as grade/stage migration, changes in prostate cancer screening, level of resident/fellow involvement, the advent of hypersensitive PSA, and changing recommendations for adjuvant/salvage therapy certainly in fl uenced outcomes such as operative time, BCR, and margin status. Nonetheless, this study provides insight into the changing landscape of prostate cancer treatment over the past two decades. CONCLUSIONS: A previously established mortality risk score can be employed in patients undergoing RP for prostate cancer to stratify 30-day mortality risk as well as risk of major morbidity. This risk score is reliable, accurate, and applicable to both minimally invasive and open RP. patients who failed prior treatment with whole gland ablation (SRARP) and focal therapy (fSRARP). METHODS: The study assessed 339 patients compared in two groups: 145 patients who had primary focal therapy and 194 patients who had primary whole gland treatment. SRARP was performed in all cases using a standardized technique developed at respective in-stitutes with the da Vinci Xi Surgical System. Our primary endpoint was the comparison of the functional and oncological outcomes between the groups. RESULTS: The median total operative time for fSRARP was 18 mins higher than SRARP (P < 0.001). Signi fi cantly higher rates of nerve-sparing was performed in fSRARP (focal vs whole gland; bilateral e 15.2% vs 9.3%; unilateral 49% vs 28.4%; p < 0.001). SRARP group had higher rates of ISUP GGp 5 (26.3% vs 19.3%; p < 0.001) and deferred ISUP score due to altered pathology (14.8% vs 0.7; p < 0.001) while fSRSRP had higher rates of ISUP GGp 4 (11.7% vs 10.7%; p < 0.001) and (cid:1)


Based on the internal relation notion of Humboldt's linguistic theory,this paper seeks to analyze the phenomenon of phonetically-translated foreign words and its formative mechanism.The paper believes that phonetic translating foreign words is a mental creation,the translation embodies an internal wit form of the words and the spirit feature of the translator,and the translation process is the unity result of the translator's cognition and reality based on his experience.


Summary form only given. GaAs barrier-N-N+ (BNN) diode arrays have been successfully designed and fabricated. Frequency doubling to 66 GHz has been achieved with an output power of 2.4-2.6 W and an efficiency in excess of 10%. In addition to the BNN arrays, a number of new device concepts have been developed in the course of this research which offer the promise of more efficient frequency multipliers with both higher cutoff frequency and higher power handling capability. These include the multi-quantum-barrier varactor (MQBV), and the Schottky-quantum-barrier varactor (SQBV). Measured C-V characteristics of the MQBV (4*20 mu m/sup 2/) show a C/sub max//C/sub min/ ratio of 5 with a C/sub min/ of 10 fF. In excess of 10 times reduction in thermionic current compared to the single-barrier device has also been obtained. The performance of the MQBV can be further improved by incorporating a Schottky-barrier structure on multi-quantum barriers to form the SQBV. The advantages SQBV has over the MQBV are discussed. A SQBV array with a Schottky-barrier structure in series with a yield of 99% (1300 devices), and an output power of 3.8-10 W with an efficiency of 1.7-4% at 99 GHz has been achieved. >


Electric motor manufacturing technology is evolving due to automotive transport development. Besides, environmental issues and the need of CO2 emission reduction have led to an increasing demand for electric drives efficiency.Permanent magnet synchronous machines are widely employed for traction systems and distributed windings produced by using insert techniques are growing in popularity. These methods require preformed wires such as the well-known hairpin shape.The advantages of hairpins are discussed in the pertinent literature. In the present paper, the manufacturing process of a hairpin is investigated by analysing its mechanical behaviour via Finite Element simulations. In fact, many problems might occur during the forming of a hairpin, depending on the shape required.In particular, this study aims at describing the influence of the geometry of the wire cross-section on the resulting final shape of the formed hairpin. Suitable ranges of geometrical and manufacturing parameters are identified to avoid torsional-flexural instabilities.


This article considers the contribution of research undertaken as part of the IEA studies to Australian education, and in particular to educational theory, practice, policy making and the conduct of research. While there have been criticisms of the tests employed and constraints have been imposed on publication, the research carried out has gone well beyond the monitoring of student performance and has made a substantial contribution to Australian education over a period of 30 years. Areas where policy making has been influenced include retention rates, social class differences, gender differences, time and school learning, and curriculum differences between the Australian states. In addition, IEA research has contributed to the improvement of educational practice by showing the significance of student attitudes and values, an emphasis on process, opportunity to learn, time spent on homework, and class size as well as whole group instruction. Neville Postlethwaite's marked influence on this work is acknowledged.


Direct digital control systems are used to collect and process large streams of data. The data is used in enhanced applications that rely on the accuracy of the measured data. This paper described a method of calibrating temperature sensors in a heating, ventilating and air-conditioning direct digital control system to account for the errors in the sensor, wire, and analog-to-digital converter. The resulting uncertainties are presented and discussed.


A simple cylindrical retarding electron energy analyzer (CREA) with a retarding field was designed on the basis of a calculation of the potential distribution and the electron trajectories. A prototype analyzer was constructed and the performance was examined. The resolution obtained was about 0.3% at the FWHM at the electron energy of 500 eV, which was in fairly good agreement with the calculated resolution of 0.5%. The transmission efficiency of the CREA was about 30% at the electron energy of 200 to 500 eV. The Auger spectrum of a Ag sample measured with a modulation technique was very similar to a spectrum observed by a CMA.


Aimed at the controllor design of space flexible manipulator with unknown parameters, based on singular perturbation approach, the robust adaptive neural network control to track the desired trajectory and vibration PD control were proposed. The neural network function was built to approach the comprehensive modeling error in slow-subsystem firstly, then the NN cotrol and the adaptive law were designed. The fast-subsystem controller will suppress the vibration of the flexible link using an PD control scheme. The simulation results show that the whole controllor can guarantee the trajectory tracking and suppress the flexible vibration.


Yttrium-90 90Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan is an immunotherapeutic agent that has recently been approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular, or CD20+ transformed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan has delivered highly encouraging responses in clinical studies and represents a major advance in the management of patients with difficult forms of NHL. This agent is notable for its emission of b radiation only, which minimizes or eliminates the need for radiation safety precautions normally associated with radiopharmaceuticals and permits treatment to be carried out in an outpatient setting. Moreover, dosimetry is not required prior to therapy for approved usage in the European Union, and preparation of the radiolabeled monoclonal antibody is straightforward and easily learned. Traditionally, nuclear medicine physicians have been solely responsible for the management of patients undergoing radiotherapy, but logistic, patient selection, and haematological safety considerations call for a multidisciplinary team approach to optimize outcomes with 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan. The team should include the haemato-oncologist or haematologist, immunopathologist, clinical nurse specialist, nuclear medicine physician, radiopharmacist, radiation protection specialist, and other nurses, junior and administrative staff, as appropriate. The team approach draws on a wide range of specialist skills and early data from a major UK institution show that treatment benefits are maximised when treatment is administered on a collaborative basis. Thus, 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan represents a significant therapeutic advance, and provides new opportunities for optimizing therapeutic outcomes through the multidisciplinary approach to patient care.


Seasoning paprika is, economically, one of the most important vegetable spices and some of the factors that most likely determine its quality may be red colour and antioxidation capacity. This study was carried out to evaluate the varietal influence on the colour levels and on the most effective biological bioantioxidants: ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol. The variations induced during the drying and grinding operations were also determined and the effect of a biological activity inductor (Ti 4+ -ascorbate) on the composition of these quality parameters in both the fresh and the dried fruit pericarp was analysed. An important decrease of all the parameters studied was observed during processing, especially on the ascorbic acid content (about 75%), red colour (14-58%), and on the level of α-tocopherol (25-30%). Red colour retention in paprika was strongly related to the total bioantioxidant diminution. All the compounds studied were increased when two leaf Ti 4+ treatments were applied to plants during the crop cycle, but there was some important varietal differences in the intensity of the response.


The authors present their own experience about the colposcopic findings in the vagina after radical operative interventions, radiological or combined radiological and surgical treatment of carcinome of the genitals in women. On the basis of 902 checkups of such patients in whom there were 65 (7,20%) suspect colposcopic findings and 43 (4,76%) relapses the authors present detailed descriptions of the colposcopic patterns of relapses, that is, metastases and degenerative changes in the vagina after the above mentioned therapeutical procedures.