Ford invented the product line that makes possible to mass produce by reducing the delivery time and production costs. Regarding the software industry, this, roughly presents both a manufacturing and mass production that generates products that are denoted as individual software and standard software (Pohl et al., 2005): a clear influence of Fordism in the development paradigm of Software Product Lines (SPL). However, this development paradigm was not designed to support user requirements changes at run-time. Faced with this problem, the academy has developed and proposed the Dynamic Software Product Lines (DSPL) (Hallsteinsen et al., 2008) paradigm. Considering this scenario, we objective contribute to DSPL field presenting a new way of thinking which DSPL features should be connected at run-time to a product based on an analysis of quality attributes in service levels specified by the user. In order to validate the proposed approach we tested it on a context-aware DSPL. At the end of the exploratory validation we can observe the effectiveness of the proposed approach in the DSPL which it was applied. However, it is necessary to perform another studies in order to achieve statistical evidences of this effectiveness.


The position-dependent single tree simulator SILVA, a well established for est management system for pure and mixed species stan ds is extende d for a qua lity model to increase the economic output , which has been based on the volume growth only until now. The integration of th e quality modules for branchiness, bu tt rot, and wood density in the SILVA framework is described. The module of branchiness is presented to show the interaction between the wood quality model and silviculrural treatment provided by the thinning mode l of SILVA. Tne branchiness module is realised by a model of plastic crown deformation depending on inter-tree competition. First results show a clear relevance of stand stru ctur e and hence silvicultural treatment on wood quality considerin g branchiness.


Abstract In this note we give an alternate proof of the multinomial theorem using a probabilistic approach. Although the multinomial theorem is basically a combinatorial result, our proof may be simpler for a student familiar with only basic probability concepts.


This paper discusses XML based Robot Description Language which can describe structures and ability of any robot using common documents. XML is the most promising language for storing and delivering information. So structures and abilities is described using XML. A robot's structure and ability is stored using XML and grouping. The robot's structure is consisted of joints, motors, frames. Joints are a ball joint, a hinge and a slider joint. And a developer can create user definition frame. RDL can not only be use to show specifies of any robots but also linked robot simulator. Then the robot simulator can check robot stability.


This paper analyzes the fragmentary dramaturgy of theatrical spectacle Prazer, by Cia. Luna Lunera, in relation to the literature of Clarice Lispector, which the both objects of study are in a permanent state of incompleteness. It is understood here that this fragmentary character of the spectacle approaches the concept of Postdramatic Theater formulated by Hans-Thies Lehmann, and the concept of Performative Theatre formulated by Josette Feral. Also, there are studies on characteristics of fragmentary and discontinuous narrative in the book Uma aprendizagem ou o livro dos prazeres by Clarice Lispector, relating it to the spectacle Prazer.


The invention discloses a beidou GPS double-module vehicle-mounted intelligent control system. The beidou GPS double-module vehicle-mounted intelligent control system comprises vehicle-mounted monitoring management equipment 1 and terminal monitoring and management equipment 2, wherein the vehicle-mounted monitoring and management equipment 1 and terminal monitoring and management equipment 2 transmit and implement related information and instructions through a wireless communication signal system, a car owner implements and controls remote functions of the vehicle-mounted monitoring and management equipment 1 through a functional interface of the terminal monitoring and management equipment 2, and therefore the information and the instructions of a car are transmitted and implemented in a remote mode, various remote functions on the car of window ascending control, oil circuit and engine flameout control, air-conditioning heating and refrigeration control, tail box opening control, audio/video monitoring and management control, early warning, defense organization, GPS and beidou positioning and navigation and other intelligent monitoring and management are achieved. The beidou GPS double-module vehicle-mounted intelligent control system can be applied to vehicle remote early warning, guard against theft, emergency command, monitoring and management of vehicle localization and navigation, is mature in technology, is flexible to apply and is convenient to use.


The efficiency of fishway installed in rivers can be directly evaluated by means of fish monitoring. On the other hand, when it is difficult to monitor the fish in certain conditions, or when planning a fishway, the efficiency can be evaluated indirectly through the hydraulic analysis. In this study, the hydraulic analysis technique for evaluating the efficiency of a fishway was presented. The River-2D model with the fish physical habitat module was used for the analysis of the attraction efficiency, and the weighted usable area was proposed as an index of the efficiency. In the analysis of passage efficiency, the three-dimensional model, Flow-3D, was used as an evaluation tool to describe the fluid behavior on a hydraulic structure with free surface. The ice-harbor type fishway at Baekgok weir in the Deokcheon River was selected as a test-site, and the efficiency was estimated using the hydraulic analysis. And then it was compared with fish monitoring data acquired from the river. As a result, it is difficult to replace the hydraulic analysis results with the efficiency quantitatively, but it can help to grasp the general tendency.


The agricultural landscape structure in relations between spatial units (forest edge, shrubberies, field borders and roadsides), its green cover and animal communities is studied. The share of parasitoid Hymenoptera of the Pimplinae subfamily in structural elements of agricultural landscape is presented. The relationships between species diversity and the abundance of Pimplinae communities and the complexity level of agricultural landscape are considered. For examining these dependences, multivariate statistical analysis, eg. principal component analysis is used.


Thousands of road accidents occur each year, one of the main causes being drowsiness at the wheel. Therefore, this paper proposes an enhanced scheme called ALIVE Mind to detect drowsy drivers and take action on their car using Machine Learning and EEG. For that matter, we built and designed a circuit board called AMC 2.0 that allows a simple EEG headset to read brain waves from a driver and send this data to a computer via Bluetooth. Those signals are then saved and analyzed by a deep neural network to find if the driver is drowsy or is about to sleep. To evaluate our solution, we conducted simulations and collected brain signals of a subject driver while on a driving simulator. With those values, we were able to train a model to detect whether the subject was drowsy or awake. Finally, when the system detects that the driver is in a fatigued state, it can take control of the car to park it in a safe place. Preliminary results show the effectiveness of the ALIVE Mind project and how it outperforms previous works in terms of minimizing computational needs and improving the prototype's convenience and suitability for car constructors.


Abstract The diverse sources of agricultural extension information do not guarantee increased farmers' capabilities to adopt agricultural innovations. Consequently, efforts to accelerate the adoption of agricultural innovations should pay particular attention to farmers' compatibility with different information sources. This study aims to analyze farmers' perceptions of various information sources about rice commodity innovations and determine the information sources influencing farmers' capabilities in adopting rice innovations. The study was conducted from June to December 2019 through a structured survey approach with 270 rice farmers in Subang, West Java and Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia, by using structural equation model analysis. The results showed that rice farmers had positive perceptions of government, private, and self-subsistent extension. The capability level of rice farmers showed that all indicators were significantly different. Farmers could improve their capabilities and sustainability of rice farming by adopting agricultural innovations. Information from government and private extension providers had a positive effect on the capacity and capability of rice farmers. The role of self-subsistent extension was more of a facilitator and did not directly affect the capacity and capability of farmers. Participatory extension activities are recommended as a form of intervention that can improve rice farmers' capacity and capability in terms of technology adoption processes. The extension activities should be provided as a series, rather than one-off events, so that farmer knowledge accumulates over time through a style and pace to match their skills and level of education.


The theme of the Septuagint and Messianism is a natural topic in the series of Leuven colloquia. The Septuagint has been dealt with in many of these conferences, albeit not individually, and Messianism has also received attention, especially from Joseph Coppens. Johan Lust, former student of Coppens, has addressed the question of Messianism in the LXX fairly exhaustively. As a matter of fact, during the current congress a collection of Lust's articles on this topic ( Messianism and the Septuagint. Collected essays , K Hauspie (ed.), Leuven-Peeters, 2004) was made available.


We present a case of a 69 year-old female with partial atrioventricular canal treated with surgical complete correction of defect.


There is a considerable literature on the issue of hate speech. And there is a considerable literature on religious toleration (both contemporary and historic). But the two have not been brought into relation with one another. In this paper, I consider how the argument for religious toleration extends beyond a requirement of non-persection and non-establishment. I consider its application to the question of religious vituperation. The focus of the paper is on 17th and 18th century theories. Locke, Bayle and other Enlightenment thinkers imagined a tolerant society as a society free of hate speech: the kind of religious peace that they envisaged was a matter of civility not just non-persecution. The paper also considers the costs of placing limits (legal or social limits) on religious hate-speech: does this interfere with the forceful expression of religious antipathy which (for some people) the acceptance of their creed requires?


ABSTRACT:The article explores social mobility of Africans in the rural areas of Brazil in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, specifically in the hinter-land of Rio de Janeiro in Recôncavo da Guanabara. The article examines what is known about two African women, Gracia Maria and Rosa Maria da Silva, who lived in the parishes of Iguaçu and Jacutinga. Despite the inherent hardships of captivity, the trajectories of these women can be reconstructed to some extent from their wills that portray their success in producing manioc flour and establishing alliances that enabled them to improve their social standing and their recognition as slave ladies.


The paper presents optimization of energy and peak power of the pulse oaf laser with a slow passive Q-switch. The excited states absorption (ESA) in absorber is included in an optimization process. The described laser's model provides determination of the optimal values of unsaturated absorber transmission and reflectivity of the output mirror as a function of the normalized initial gain coefficient z and a, characterizing the ratio of the absorption cross- section of the nonlinear absorber to the emission cross- section of the laser medium. In addition, the a parameter has been modified with its value dependent on the magnification M, determining the ratio of the cross-section of the laser beam in the laser medium to the cross-section of the laser beam in the nonlinear absorber. To optimize the passively Q-switched laser the charts and simple analytical formulas, presented in the paper, can be applied. The paper presents also analytical formulas determining the values of laser pulse generation, i.e., pulse duration, its energy, and peak power. As an example, optimization of energy and peak power of the pulse of Nd:YAG laser, with Cr4+:YAG crystal as passive Q-switch, pumped by 100 W matrix of laser diodes was presented. It was shown that for laser energy optimization, ESA slightly changes the value of optimal unsaturated absorber transmission and optimal reflectivity of the output mirror of the laser.


Comparative cytochemical studies on the activity of DPN‐diaphorase, TPN‐diaphorase and some coenzyme‐dependent dehydrogenases revealed marked differences in the degree of liver parenchymal damage of intact and adrenalectomized rats fed 3′‐methyl‐4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene.


The integration of collaborative practices in essay writing within higher education constitutes a pivotal advantage, frequently producing outcomes surpassing those of independent composition endeavors. However, although collaboration is necessary and can yield many positive outcomes, a collaborative effort is not always successful. A paucity of empirical studies has highlighted the causes of the dysfunctions of teamwork in Jamaica. In higher education, participants often express frustration and unwillingness to engage in teamwork because of the various dysfunctions they are likely to experience. Consequently, in response to this gap, this case study explored both functional and dysfunctional attributes Academic Writing participants encountered at a university in Jamaica, as they worked collaboratively to complete their expository and argumentative essays. This mixed methods study collected data from interviews, peer reviews, and a questionnaire. The findings identified both functional and dysfunctional qualities. The results showed that the major functional attributes were clear communication, respect, commitment, and accountability. The main dysfunctional attributes were lack of trust, miscommunication, commitment, disrespect, and limited time management skills. Finally, this paper highlights best practices that educators can use to create and promote functional and effective teams in the teaching and learning environment.


String matching is one of hot spots in computer science. Many algorithms for string matching have been proposed, but designing an efficient and practical string matching architecture to satisfy high-speed data streaming is difficult and needs further study. In this paper we propose a high throughput configurable string matching architecture based on Aho-Corasick algorithm. The architecture can be realized by random-access memory (RAM) and basic logic elements instead of designing new dedicated chips. The bit-split technique is used to reduce the RAM size, and the byte-parallel technique is used to boost the throughput of the architecture. By the particular design and comprehensive experiments with 100MHz RAM chips, one piece of the architecture can achieve a throughput of up to 1.6Gbps by 2-byte-parallel input, and we can further boost the throughput by using multiple parallel architectures.


Purpose – To show how Bateson's difference which makes a difference can be interpreted from a cybernetic view, i.e. in terms of control theory.Design/methodology/approach – Depending on the observer's choice of the system boundaries, communication or structural coupling may be recognized. With the help of Bateson's example he uses to explain his term of information the paper demonstrates how the two perspectives can be related to each other and in which way his metalogical "hypothesis non fingo" reflects this refraction of perspectives.Findings – Hypotheses describing structural coupling in the perspective of communication become explanations which then in circularity are verified by structural coupling. In his example Bateson describes a structural coupling between a dog owner and his dog in order to explain how he informs dogs.Originality/value – Provides information on Bateson's theory of explaining


 Layer additive manufacturing process where geometry is built up layer by layer by sintering powder material using a high power laser Process is sensitive to powder size, powder contaminates, layer thickness, laser speed, and laser power Parts are typically HIPedafter to reduce porosity Geometry volume size is limited to build box Smallest printable feature size around .020" Geometry tolerance is around +/-.005"


In a recent posting of a submitted paper Weatherley et al. re-analyse the spectroscopic data from our observations of Abell 1835 IR 1916, a galaxy we claimed to be at redshift z=10.0 (Pello et al., 2004, A&A, 416, L35). They conclude that the emission line is not detected in their analysis. Although their reduction procedure is accurate and robust, there are several differences with ours. The most important one concerns the stacking of the spectral frames. In the case of compact target sources [here: seeing-limited object,~3 pixels FWHM in the spectral direction, on a 1" (~7 pixels) wide slit] spectral shifts occur between individual frames. Our reduction corrects for this effect using a nearby strong emission line from a compact reference object, as described in Pello et al. However, Weatherley et al. neglect this effect. This difference turns out to be crucial. E.g. adopting their combination scheme as closely as possible but correcting for the spectral drifts we recover the line detection. We conclude that more work is needed to fully understand the origin of our differences. However, their non-detection claim needs further investigation and cannot be uphold based on the arguments presented in their original version of the paper. More information is beeing posted on this http URL With this material we also invite other researchers to re-analyse independently the ISAAC spectroscopic observations.


Bullying is a problem that often occurs in school communities. One factor that contributes to the continuance of bullying is the number of passive witnesses to the bullying who stand by and do nothing to prevent it or to help the victim. Decreased pro-social behavior in bystanders has been correlated with low self-efficacy. In such cases, people prefer to avoid intervening in the situation because they are afraid of becoming the next victim of bullying and because they do not know what to do. The present research consists of two studies, the first of which is focused on I CARE training to increase self-efficacy on bystanders. Both studies used the same participants. The effectiveness of the training was evaluated using the Self-Efficacy Scale, the Prosocial Behavior Scale, and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Data from the second study showed a significant correlation between self-efficacy and pro-social bystander behavior. The results show that, after the I CARE training, 1) the student participants know what to do when bullying occurs, 2) they try to stop the bullying, and 3) they become more confident in their ability to help the victims of bullying. In addition, the results of Study 2 show that self-efficacy has a positive correlation with the pro-social behavior of bystanders. Thus, a bystander with higher self-efficacy also has higher pro-social behavior. If bystanders intervene when bullying occurs, the bullying will likely stop. Therefore, I CARE training programs in schools can increase selfefficacy behaviors in witnesses of bullying incidents and promote pro-social behaviors to help victims.


The dynamic interaction of vehicles/bridges is an important part of the research field of the Electromagnet Suspension (EMS) maglev train. However, multiple factors affect the dynamics of the coupling system, which increases the complexity of the vehicle-bridge coupling system, and makes it difficult to analyze. Herein, combining the advantages of theoretical derivation and numerical calculation, a fast and accurate analysis method of maglev vehicle and bridge system is proposed to analyze the influence of bridge and controller on the dynamics of the maglev system. This work is directed to the Changsha maglev express line, in which the mathematical equations for the vehicle- bridge system is presented. Then the influence of the parameter on the system is analyzed. Finally, the vibration experimental test system is set up, and the vibration test of the maglev vehicle bridge is tested by the test scheme, and the experimental results data are given. The test results of vibration acceleration are in good agreement with the calculation results of the proposed method, which verifies the accuracy of the model and the analysis method. Therefore, the research in this paper can provide theoretical guidance for Maglev engineering, and the analysis method in this paper can also be used in the study of other vehicles, such as the high-speed maglev train.


Coding the moving, painful, secret stories of gay, positive people in PNG, I come to the letter 'V'. What should it be: 'Vincent'? 'Vernon'? 'Vaughan'? No ... he is frightened, lonely, and now far from home. But he is willing to risk telling his story, wanting to tell it 'to help all those gays in PNG'. So it has to be 'Victor': my prayer and hope for him.


Joe Orion's play The Good and Faithful Servant was written in 1964 and first broadcast on UK television by Rediffusion in April 1967. Maurice Charney, discussing the play in his article in Connotations 18.1-3, presents it as an anomalous work within the context of Orton' s drama, contending that "[e]ven though it follows Entertaining Mr Shane and precedes Loot, Orton makes none of his characteristic attempts to make the play farcical, and it lacks his usual violence and sexual energy" (139); and he continues: "Because it is so uncharacteristic of Orton, it is no surprise that it is his least produced and least discussed play" (148). Charney argues for the excellence of the play, "just because it is so anomalous, so uncompromising, so absolute" (149).Charney' s article in Connotations elaborates upon the view he had presented in an earlier article on the play, included in the 2003 Casebook devoted to Orion's work, in which he wrote: "It is the play of Orion's that has attracted the least interest both in the theatre and in critical discussion. The fact is significant in itself because it is the play that seems least "Ortonesque," as that term has been used to describe Orton7 s characteristically witty, epigrammatic, grotesquely lurid, and highly sexual style" (Charney, "Orton7 s Bitter Farce" 21). Charney considered that this powerful play, which contains painful autobiographical details (albeit successfully disguised), "has been more or less shunted aside/' and that the time had come for it to be given the attention and recognition it deserved (21).In relating to Charney's view of The Good and Faithful Servant, I primarily focus in this essay on his contention, as phrased in the 2003 article and further specified in the later one, that the play has attracted the least interest because it has seemed the least Ortonesque. In line with this contention, I suggest that the specific case of The Good and Faithful Servant not only ties in with the highly significant issue of a playwright's critical reception, but also exemplifies a more general phenomenon in regard to critical modes that is worthy of further elaboration. While Charney primarily sets out to promote the play's excellence, he does not inquire into the question of why it is that the play, seemingly the least Ortoneseque, has been overlooked in critical discourse engaging with Orton' s work. In order to address this question it is necessary to consider the broader issue that regards the role played by the critics in the reception of a dramatist and his plays. My aim here is to examine the lack of interest in the play within the context of the critical dynamics, and to account for the dismissive attitude towards it as deriving from the governing principles underlying the process of critical reception of an individual playwright. Before dealing with the specific case of Orton' s play, I therefore present a brief overview concerning the issue of a playwright's critical reception, which I have discussed in detail elsewhere.1I note from the start that in engaging with the issue of the reception of playwrights and their dramatic works, I draw on the institutional approach. That is, generally speaking, scholars dealing with the canonization processes of literary and theatrical works can be roughly divided into those who attribute the canonization to the works' intrinsic properties, and those who perceive institutional factors (such as journalists, reviewers and academics) as the ones accounting for the works' canonization (a notable example of the latter is Pierre Bourdieu).2 Relating to the theatre reviewers, in line with the institutional approach, I have previously shown how reviewers play a dominant role in the admission of a new playwright into the theatrical canon (Zarhy-Levo, "The Theatrical Critic"). In examining the critical responses to the first plays of various playwrights (such as John Osborne, Brendan Behan, Shelagh Dalaney, John Arden, Harold Pinter, Joe Orton, Tom Stoppard, and Sarah Kane), I demonstrated that the reviewers employ certain strategies that serve to provide an initial legitimacy for dramatists whose acceptance into the theatrical canon has not yet been determined. …


Boundary-layer-transitionexperiments on a 5-deg half-anglecone at 0-deg angle of attackwere performed in the T5 hypervelocity shock tunnel. The test gases investigated included air, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. Reservoir enthalpies were varied from 3 to 27MJ/kg and reservoir pressures from 10 to 95MPa, depending on the gas and tunnel settings. No clear relationship is found to exist between the transition Reynolds number based on the boundary-layer-edge conditions and the reservoir enthalpy. However, when the reference temperature conditions are used instead, the different test gases are distinguishable and ordered according to their dissociation energy. Data from a free- ight experiment are also compared with the shock tunnel experiments. When the transition Reynolds numbers are evaluated at the boundary-layer-edge conditions, they are an order of magnitude higher than the tunnel results. However, when the reference conditions are used, the  ight data fall within the same range as the experiments, although the trend with reservoir enthalpy is reversed.


The stability, structure and reactivity of Na(H2O)7, Na2(H2O)7, and Na2(H2O)10 clusters have been investigated by means of the density functional theory (DFT) method. In all cases, the 3s Na electrons are located far from their nuclei and hydrated. Particular emphasis has been placed on the influence of the water-generated electric field on sodium dimer polarization. The metal atoms hydrolysis reaction has been studied for the lone sodium atom as well as for the sodium pair; the calculated activation energies are found to be very similar in terms of magnitude. Reaction mechanisms are proposed that exhibit the role of the hydrogen bond cooperative effects in combination with proton tunneling.


This essay analyses some medieval images representing the Biblical story of Judas'suicide. From a historian's point of view, those images must be seen in the context of a scholastic discourse on mortal sins and human responsibility. Miniatures and sculptures of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries mark a high point in the developement of pictorial representations of that theme. They render Judas in the shape of an anti-image: with deformed physiognomic characteristics, vile gestures and the attributes of vices. A central aspect of my argument will focus on the hanging-tree. A number of pictures indicate a significant transformation of this motif The former tree is replaced by a representation of gallows. I will argue that this development reflects a corres ponding revaluation of Judas' death within the scholastic discourse. Since in early-medieval literature, death at the hanging-tree is recognised as a refer ence to a denigrating death, without mourning and the presence of relatives, that is, the absence of memoria, the motif of the hanging Judas at the gallows now underscored that hanging itself, the most shameful of acts, and was a sort of penance for Judas' betrayal. During the later Middle Ages, perhaps as a result of the canonisation of the iconography of the passion, the motif of suicide appeared to lose its popularity without the wide application of this rhetoric of denigration.


Pressure and time of impact have been calculated by Hertz theory of impact, taking data from some experiments on explosion. The calculated temperature rise, by adiabatic compression of an entrapped gas bubble, is within a reasonable range of that obtained experimentally. The calculated times have been compared with experimental observations on impact explosion delays. The adiabatic compression of solids has been referred to.


Final Report Summary BIOBUILD (High Performance, Economical and Sustainable Biocomposite Building Materials.) Executive Summary: BioBuild was a three and a half year project funded by the European Commission. The aim of the project was to develop biocomposite materials for use in construction applications which would have a lower embodied energy than existing construction materials. The project was coordinated by NetComposites Ltd who assembled a consortium of thirteen partners involved in the research, development and manufacture of biocomposite materials.


Astrovirus (HAstV) causing diarrea in colombian children: seven yeasr of study: In order to find the behavior of theAstrovirus isolates from diarrheic samples taken from children under 5 in four different cities of Colombian, there were tested 1147 samples between 1996 and 2002. The diagnosis of HastV was done by EIA and there were found 2,8% of global prevalence. Fourteen of the positive samples were typed by RT PCR and sequencing the 384bp region of the ORF2 segment of the viral genome (which codes for the capsid protein). Neighbor joining was done in order to make the phylogenetic study. The conclusions of the study were that in Colombia, HastV has an endemic behavior and the Colombian strains, obtained from samples of geographically distant or the same places, show that there is no genetic variability among the same genotype and among strains with the same typed but collected out of this country.


A field of solar cells, to a semiconductor solar cell. From bottom to top with the bottom of the ohmic electrode, the substrate, the intrinsic layer of semiconductor material, a transparent insulating layer, a transparent conductive film, an intrinsic semiconductor material surface layer made of one or both sides of a sputtering process and by etching the ohmic electrode, the transparent conductive film made of the gate metal, gate metal external power supply, making the bottom surface of the base ohmic electrode substrate, a bottom ohmic electrode is grounded. Electric field region is more than a conventional pn junction solar cell close to the surface, and a large width, is more conducive to the absorption of sunlight, the efficiency is improved. Can be applied to manufacture GaN, ZnO and other wide direct band gap intrinsic semiconductor material of the solar cell, it is difficult to avoid the p-doped. In certain adjustable range gate voltage, the gate voltage by adding a strong, effective elimination of the metal-semiconductor work function difference between the insulating layer and the unintentionally doped field effect of charge on the surface, to improve the open circuit voltage.


Since Yanukovych came to power in 2010, Russia and Ukraine have superficiallymaintained an unprecedented close relations in history. However, after the Ukrainian crisis,triggered by Yanukovych s postponement of the EU accession in 2013 and the Russia'sannexation of Crimea, the Russo-Ukrainian relations are in serious crisis that can lead to amilitary clash. Meanwhile, the conflict between the both states is linked to theconfrontational relationship between Russia and the West. The West accused of Russia'sannexation of Crimea and support for the civil war in Donbas as a violation of Ukraine sterritorial integrity and sovereignty, and a serious challenge to the postwar internationalorder. Russia, on the other hand, argued that the annexation of the Crimean peninsula did notviolate Ukraine s territorial integrity and sovereignty, but rather solved the problem of'self-determination' of the Crimean people. If so, what changes have occurred in theRusso-Ukrainian relations, which are moving towards confrontation and conflict startingfrom the Crimean incident? This study analyzes the responses and policies of Russia andUkraine while examining the development process of the Ukraine crisis based on the aboveconsciousness, and probes the causes and purposes of the both states confrontational foreignpolicy.


The vinyl acetate-acrylate latex was prepared by hydroxyethyl cellulose(HEC) as protective colloid.The factors that influence stability of the latex had been studied during polymerization,such as the proportion of the copolymer monomer,the concentration of the protective colloid,temperature and the amount of the initiator.The results indicated that the stable latex was able to be prepared by HEC as protective colloid and some properties of the latex were better than that of conventional latex,especially the electrolyte stability.


The novel Mei Jin,Bao Zi and the Sheeptells a love tragedy of the minority male and female Bao Zi and Mei Jin in the west of Hunan province.The author expresses his praise on the beauty and goodness through highlighting the unusual love narration,showing the special love pattern of the minority men and women in the west of Hunan province,which aims to criticize and satirize the reality through the expression of love narration and the plot development interspersed in the realistic narrative.Reading intensively,it can be found that the author's unusual tragedy aesthetic view and consciousness of destiny are presented behind the love tragedy.In the novel,the author repeats the good old days again and again,which achieves the actual self redemption of soul.


This dissertation was designed to evaluate the effect of BCL(refinded Bambusae Caulis in Liqua-men) oral administration and herbal acupuncture on alcohol metabolism and liver function. For this study. mice were damaged by a large quantity of alcohol and received treatment of either BCL 1 mg/kg in oral or BCL 250㎍/kg in herbal acupuncture-BL18 . BL19 bilateral. and then such parameters as GOT. GPT. catalase and superoxide dismustase(CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD) were measured. The results of the experiments were summarized as follows. 1. Compared with control group, the proper degree of alcohol in serum was not significantly differ from oral administration group and herbal acupuncture group. 2. Compared with control group. the activity of GOT in serum was significantly reduced both oral administration and herbal acupuncture group. 3. Compared with control group. the activity of GPT in serum was significantly reduced both oral administration and herbal acupuncture group. 4. The activity of catalase in liver cell tissue, compared with control group. was not sigificantly affected either by oral administration and herbal acupuncture group. 5. The activity of CuZn-SOD in liver cell tissue was not significantly change in herbal acupuncture and oral administration group. The activity of Mn-SOD was significantly increased in oral administration group. while it was not the case in acupuncture group. In conclusion. we consider that BCL oral administration and herbal acupuncture is highly effetive in recovering alcohol metabolism and liver disfunction induced by alcohol.


The combination of a spouted bed with microwave heating to improve heating uniformity was evaluated. Experiments were performed on a laboratory system in which evaporated diced apples of about 24% moisture were dried to about 5% at 70°C air temperature using four levels of microwave power density (0 to 6.1 W/g). With the combination method, temperature uniformity in diced apples was greatly improved as compared to that with a stationary bed during microwave drying. Products had less discoloration and higher rehydration rates as compared to conventional hot air drying or spouted bed (SB) drying. Drying time could be reduced by >80% compared with SB drying without microwave heating.


INTRODUCTION: FIRST MARTYR 1. Situating Acts 2. Perfect Martyr: Situating Stephen within Acts 3. Disrupting Acts: Reading Stephen alongside James, the Brother of Jesus 4. "Father, Forgive Them:" The Place of the Perfect Prayer in the Construction of Christian Identity EPILOGUE


An algorithm is developed for determining the cloud optical thickness and effective particle radius simultaneously on a global scale using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) multispectral radiance data. In the algorithm, the treatment of thermal radiation in Nakajima and Nakajima is improved by reformulating the thermal emission in the atmospheric layers. At the same time, the lookup table for thermal emission is parameterized in terms of the equivalent water vapor path in order to include the effect of various vertical water vapor profiles. The algorithm is applied to AVHRR radiance data corresponding to reported aircraft and balloon measurements of cloud microphysical parameters. A comparison shows a good agreement between in situ and satellite-retrieved values thus obtained. The algorithm is further applied to 4-month Global Area Coverage data of 1987 to generate global distributions of the cloud optical thickness and effective particle radius for every 0.5 83 0.58 box in a 2608‐608 latitudinal region. Similarities and differences in the global features of the effective particle radius and the optical thickness are found as compared with the previous studies.


Objective To explore involvement of the Nogo-A/NgR pathway in neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on focal ischemia in rats. Methods Male SD rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control (C), IPC, Tat-NEP1-40 and Tat-β-Gal groups. Temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 10min was used for IPC. Transient MCAO (tMCAO) was established at 72h after IPC. The neurologic deficit scores (NDS) were assessed at 24h after reperfusion. The animals were then decapitated and brain infarct volumes were evaluated with 2% 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). The expression of Nogo-A and NgR were determined by confocal laser scanning microscope. Results The NDS in IPC and Tat-β-Gal groups were lower than that in controls (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). The infarct volume in IPC and Tat-β-Gal groups were significantly smaller than that in controls at 24h after reperfusion (P<0.05). There was no difference between Tat-NEP1-40 and Control groups. Tat-NEP1-40 partially reversed the amelioration of NDS and the reduction in infarct volume that was induced by IPC after focal ischemia, where as the vehicle (Tat-β-Gal) did not affect the NDS and volume after ischemia. Few Nogo-A and NgR was found in non-ischemic brain tissue. Cerebral ischemia induced expression of Nogo-A and NgR, which was markedly repressed in rats treated with IPC. Conclusion IPC induces delay ischemic tolerance possibly via a partial involvement of the Nogo-A/NgR pathway in the brain.


6 Introduction 7 Literature Review 8-13 Methods 14-18 Data Collection 14-15 Procedure 16 Ethical Consideration 17 Analysis 18 Results 19-25 Demographics 19-20 Quantitative Data 21-23 Themes 24-25 Discussion 26-30 Bibliography 31-32


Abstract The phase equilibria in the Co-rich corner of the Co–Mn–Ta system were investigated by means of optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction. Six isothermal sections in the Co-rich corner of the Co–Mn–Ta ternary system at 1300°C, 1200°C, 1100°C, 1000°C, 900°C, 800°C were experimentally determined. On the basis of previous and present experimental data of the phase equilibria, the thermodynamic assessments of the Mn–Ta binary and Co–Mn–Ta ternary systems were carried out by using CALPHAD. The thermodynamic parameters of the Mn–Ta binary and the Co–Mn–Ta ternary systems have been optimized for reproducing the experimental results in each system. An agreement between the calculated results and experimental data is obtained.


There is growing support in theis country for a moratorium on the death penalty until the problems associated with it have been "fixed." This article argues that the death penalty cannot be "fixed," primarily because there is too much racism and because of the inevitability of mistakes. The author believes that the moratorium movement will legitimize the death penalty and make its ultimate abolition difficult. Rather, the author believes that those concerned with the manner in which the death penalty is adminstered should work only towards its abolition.


This research examines the measurement and evaluation practices in postgraduate education in the emergency distance education process that came with the Covid-19 pandemic. A case study design in line with qualitative research approaches has been used in the study. The study group consisted of 27 students enrolled in a postgraduate education institute and receiving education in different programs. It was found in the study that performance-based evaluations that are required to be delivered within a certain deadline are the most preferred evaluation approaches in postgraduate classes and that time limitations are implemented in each online exam. Reiteration, responsibility, cooperation, saving time, space independence, not experiencing exam anxiety, fast communication, and providing feedback were positive aspects of distance evaluation practices. While technical problems, content and evaluation incompatibility, difficulty in accessing e-resources, subjective grading, decrease in motivation, excessive assignments and task descriptions, cheating behavior, and digital literacy insufficiency were found as the negative aspects. The current study suggests that when performing the distance evaluation, students and teachers should have digital skills and adopt not result but the process and product-oriented evaluation approaches to keep up with this process.


Basic optical properties of dielectric thin films for interference applications and of metallic optical coatings are reviewed. Some design considerations of how to use thin films best in optical systems are given, and some aspects of thin film production technology relevant to the optical designer and the optician are addressed. The necessity of proper specifications, inclusive of test methods, is emphasized.


In order to study the sources and concentrations of heavy metals in atmospheric PM10, a total of 144 samples were collected in two areas of Handan, China. The metal contents of Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb in the sample were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Contamination characteristics and sources were analysed by the geo-accumulation index and the enrichment factor method. Results indicated that heavy metal elements Mn, Cu, and Pb accounted for 96.9% of the total concentration. In addition, the seasonal levels of concentrations of the six elements from high to low were in the order of winter > fall > spring > summer. In both areas, the metal contents of Cd, Pb, and Cu were at levels 6, 4 and 2, respectively. Co and Ni were not considered polluting elements. The element Cd was mainly from anthropogenic sources, while the element Mn was mainly from natural sources. The enrichment factor values of Cu and Pb were between 10 and 100. The study revealed that pollution by heavy metals in industrialised cities is astounding, and leads to serious consequences for human health. Urgent measures are required to reinforce prevention and control of this pollution.


We develop a product market theory explaining why firms invest in general training of their workers and managers. We consider a model where firms first decide whether to invest in general human capital, then make wage offers for the trained employees in the market and finally engage in product market competition. Multiple equilibria can emerge, with and without training. Unlike existing theories of general training, our approach does not require asymmetric information on the labor market. Firms train, if others do the same, because they would otherwise suffer a competitive disadvantage or have to pay high wages to poach workers. In the case of worker training, government intervention can be socially desirable to turn training into a focal equilibrium.


The paper combines balance scorecard with system dynamics to develop the dynamic balance scorecard method to study the green supply chain.According to the ideas behind this method,it establishes the index system for the evaluation of the performance of the green supply chain on aspects of finance,customer,internal process and learning and development as well as the corresponding sysntem dynamics simulation model.Finally it simulates the relationships between employee training and supply chain internal process and between market share and profit using the model.


Currently, online learning becomes a new trend in the Indonesian education. But, the educators are not ready to adapt to online learning, especially in online learning assessments. This study aims to describe the alternative assessments in online learning that can be implemented at elementary education along with its advantages and disadvantages. This study employed a qualitative approach with the literature review method. Researchers collected a number of reputable national and international journal articles, textbooks, handbooks, regulations, and so on from the google scholar database, science direct, eric, and others related to research problems and objectives. The analysis of the literature review uses the critical appraisal method. The results of this study showed that online learning assessments that can be implemented in elementary education were formative and summative assessments. It included cognitive assessments, performance assessments, portfolios, writings and journals, self-assessment and peers-assessments. The use of online learning assessments has many advantages such as the availability to conduct tests on demand and at any time, provides direct feedback to users, the students' quick access to the test results, and a more accurate measurement of student learning. However, online assessment systems also have several drawbacks, such as students who have low information technology (IT) skills might be disadvantaged. For this reason, in implementing online learning and assessment, teachers and students should master information and communication technology skills.


This final report summarizes the technical reports for Phase III of this project. The third phase included the operation, maintenance, upgrade and performance reporting of a 10,080 square foot Solar Industrial Process Heat System installed at the Famariss Energy Refinery of Southern Union Refining Company near Hobbs, New Mexico. This report contains a description of the upgraded system, and a summary of the overall operation, maintenance and performance of the installed system. The results of the upgrade activities can be seen in the last two months of operational data. Steam production was significantly greater in peak flow and monthly total than at any previous time. Also monthly total cost savings was greatly improved even though natural gas costs remain much lower than originally anticipated.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of percutaneous herbal administration in the treatment of autumnal diarrhea.Methods 384 subjects were randomized into two groups: treatment group in which 192 cases were treated with plaster made from "Gegen Qinlian Decoction" under percutaneous apparatus and control group in which 192 cases were treated with routine therapy.The clinical efficacy was observed.Results The total effective rate was 97.92% in treatment group,higher than 65.11% in control group(P0.01).Conclusion Percutaneous herbal administration is quite effective in the treatment of childhood autumnal diarrhea.


Abstract Some people who experience substance-induced psychosis later develop an enduring psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia. This study examines the proportion of people with substance-induced psychoses who transition to schizophrenia, compares this to other brief and atypical psychoses, and examines moderators of this risk. A search of MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and Embase identified 50 eligible studies, providing 79 estimates of transition to schizophrenia among 40 783 people, including 25 studies providing 43 substance-specific estimates in 34 244 people. The pooled proportion of transition from substance-induced psychosis to schizophrenia was 25% (95% CI 18%–35%), compared with 36% (95% CI 30%–43%) for brief, atypical and not otherwise specified psychoses. Type of substance was the primary predictor of transition from drug-induced psychosis to schizophrenia, with highest rates associated with cannabis (6 studies, 34%, CI 25%–46%), hallucinogens (3 studies, 26%, CI 14%–43%) and amphetamines (5 studies, 22%, CI 14%–34%). Lower rates were reported for opioid (12%), alcohol (10%) and sedative (9%) induced psychoses. Transition rates were slightly lower in older cohorts but were not affected by sex, country of the study, hospital or community location, urban or rural setting, diagnostic methods, or duration of follow-up. Substance-induced psychoses associated with cannabis, hallucinogens, and amphetamines have a substantial risk of transition to schizophrenia and should be a focus for assertive psychiatric intervention.


Anti-icing of highways has been in use since the late 1930's. The application of granular sodium chloride at the early stages of a snowfall began around 1938. By the mid-1950's, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, or mixtures of both were in common use on highways and streets carrying large volumes of traffic. By the 1970's, it became common practice to wet the granular sodium chloride with water or a liquid calcium chloride solution. Anti-icing is not a new technique and before investing in expensive equipment or exotic de-icing solutions, it is important to remember that the chemistry of freezing-point depression has not really changed over the years. If it is too cold for sodium chloride to have an effect, it is too cold for any freezing-point depressant.


The country's economy grows faster as a result of automation. Additionally, automation is beneficial to micro, small, medium, and large size industries. Our nation's export market is one of the tops for fruit exports. Because there is less understanding of effective quality products in developing countries, diseases caused by contaminated fruits and vegetables have been on the rise. Fruits' external attributes, such as color, shape, and size, are considered their sensory characteristics. The Adriano microcontroller, which runs this system, controls how the sensors are used. It describes the dielectric experiments conducted for fruits in detail and in chronological order, along with the relevant sensing apparatus, analytical modeling techniques, and results. Utilizing this approach, eating of low-quality fruit


AlN films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering on the SiO2 films with different thickness. Preferred orientation, grain size, surface roughness and grain growth of the AlN films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). It's found that when the thickness of SiO2 films are 100 nm and 200 nm, the AlN films have characteristics of good C-axis preferred orientation, good surface roughness and vertical grain growth, which are suitable for application in thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators (FBARs). When the thickness of SiO2 film is 300 nm, although the AlN film has characteristics of good C-axis preferred orientation and surface roughness, the grain growth is tilted, which is not suitable for application in the FBARs.


to very recent assessments of the study by historians Allan Brandt, Susan Lederer, Susan Smith, and Vanessa Northington Gamble; bioethicists John Fletcher and Arthur Caplan; and law professors Patricia King and Harold Edgar. Essays survey the impact of Tuskegee on the participation of blacks in the health-care system, and contemporary reverberations of the study appear in the ethical debate surrounding research on AIDS pharmaceuticals, where commentators draw parallels between drug studies in underdeveloped countries and the Tuskegee experience. Other materials allow us to see the Tuskegee story unfold both in public and in private. In matter-of-fact, medical-journal prose a detached third-person narrator describes the role of "the nurse" as the study progressed; Eunice Rivers, both author and subject of that article, speaks in a very different voice in an interview recorded years later. We listen to Tuskegee participants in previously unpublished letters between Public Health Service officials, local physicians, and study "patients." Interviews and transcripts of Senate hearings convey the testimony of people who witnessed Tuskegee firsthand; an aged Herman Shaw articulates a survivor's view at the Tuskegee Apology ceremony. As a result of Reverby's judicious editing, the reader is treated to prime examples of "the differing ways the story of the study gets told" (p. 4). While additional commentary and archival sources of Tuskegee could easily fill several other books, at more than six hundred pages this is already a hefty volume; it would be churlish to suggest that it should contain more. It will take up a heretofore-vacant spot on the shelf next to Jones's Bad Blood. There it may serve as a sourcebook for teachers, a useful reference for scholarship, and a welcome addition to the library of other readers who wish to explore the disquieting history of the Tuskegee Study.


of the of the the multiplicity of physical, and biological that are involved in the emission pro-cess. Here, 2 nutrient enriched-and 1 control mesocosms filled with Mediterranean seawater were studied over a three-week period. PMA generated from the mesocosm waters were characterized in term of chemical composition, size distribution and size segregated cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), as a function of the seawater chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, pigment composition, virus and bacteria abundances. The aerosol number size distribution flux was primarily affected by the seawater temperature, and did not vary significantly from one mesocosm to the other. The aerosol number size distribution flux was primarily affected by the seawater temperature and did not vary significantly from one mesocosm to the other. Particle number and CCN aerosol fluxes increase by a factor two when the temperature increases from 22 ◦ C to 32 ◦ C, for all particle submicron sizes. This effect, rarely observed in the literature, could be specific to oligotrophic waters and/or to this temperature range. In all mesocosms (enriched and control mesocosms), we detected an enrichment of calcium (+500%) and a deficit in chloride (-36%) in the submicron PMA mass compared to the litera-ture inorganic composition of the seawater. There are indications that these chloride deficit and calcium enrichment are linked to biological processes, as they are found to be stronger in the enriched mesocosms. This implies a non-linear transfer function between the seawater composition and PMA composition, with complex processes taking


The invention discloses an efficient recirculating culture method of bullfrogs. The efficient recirculating culture method comprises the steps of building a pond which is divided into three parts, arranging anti-escape nets, injecting water and sterilizing the water, next putting net cages in which a nutritional slow release agent is placed into the pond, arranging suspended plates, trap lamps and shading curtains, planting lotus roots and hornwort, putting tadpoles of the same specification into the net cages, putting froglets, each having the weight of 3-20g or 20-50g, and bullfrogs of more than 50g into the pond, respectively, feeding according to different growing periods of the bullfrogs, circulating the water in the pond each day, clearing the net cages regularly, observing the growing states of the bullfrogs each day, and immediately transferring in the pond. According to the efficient recirculating culture method, the pond is divided into different areas, the tadpoles are put into the net cages, while the froglets and the adult frogs are put into the different areas of the pond by weight, and the feed is put into the pond according to the body weights of the bullfrogs; the method is efficient, high in yield, high in circulation rate, advantageous for increasing the yield of the bullfrogs, and capable of increasing the economic value of the bullfrogs.


A rearing experiment on the chestnut tiger butterfly, Parantiea sita (Lepidoptera. Danaidae), was made under a photoperiod of 12L-12D or 16L-8D at 15, 20 or 25CC. Mean egg, larval and pupal stages were about 5,7 and 12; 18, 23 and 40; and IO, 15 and 27 days, at 25, 20 and 15"C, respectively, and they had not entered diapause under any conditions. It takes 2 weeks for halfofthe fernales to mature eggs even at 25 ℃ . Field researches in 3 habitats of P. sita in the Kii Peninsula. Esuzaki (alt. about 20 m), on the south coast facing the Pacific Ocettn, was used mainly by the overwintering generation and few individuals were seen between spring and autumn. At Yamada about m), at the southern of the Izumi Range, individuuls of irnmature stages were seen on the evergreen milkweed, tomentosa-(Asclepiadaceae). At the study site of Mt Wasamata m), on the eastern slope of the mountain, lots of adults were seen from July to August and a few eggs and larvae were also seen on the deciduous milkweed (;ynanchum caudatum in the The 3 habitats estimated from effective accumula-tjye temperatures ofeach habitat could not explain the actual occurrence of each habitat. This may be because of the high migratory nature of this species.


A new proof of the Saxon-Hutner theorem in the relativistic domain is presented, employing the Hori-Matsuda method.

On a presente une preuve nouvelle du theoreme Saxon-Hutner, dans le domain relativiste. Cette preuve emploi la methode de Hori-Matsuda.


In this paper, we present the design and construction of a simple and inexpensive 3D display made up of polygonal elements. We use a per-pixel transformation of image and depth to produce accurate picture and depth map on an arbitrary planar display facet from any viewpoint. Though the facets are rendered independently, the image and depth for rays from the eye-point through the facet pixels is produced by our method. Thus, there are no artifacts on a facet or at facet boundaries. Our method can be extended to any polygonal display surface as demonstrated using synthetic setups. We also show a real display constructed using off-the-shelf LCD panels and computers. The display uses a simple calibration procedure and can be setup in minutes. Frame-sequential and anaglyphic stereo modes can be supported for any eye-orientation and at high resolutions.


Introduction: Accuracy of diagnosing advanced hepatic fi brosis is an essential step for successful management of patients with liver disease. Many scoring systems has been proposed to help appropriately predict the levelof hepatic fi brosis. Scoring systems such as AST/ALT score and APRIscore have been compared head tohead in thepast. In an attempt toincrease the predictabilityand di ff erential accuracy of these non-invasive tests, we planned to combined AST/ALT and APRI scores. Our study attempted to evaluate whether combining AST/ALT score and APRI score will lead to a higher accuracy of identifying patients with advanced liver fi brosis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on patients who had presented to the single gastroenterology clinic who a Transient elastography test. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates thatcombining resultinhigheraccuracy whenitis orAPRIscore alone. However, given our study is retrospective, additional randomized are corroborate bene obtaining LDH Introduction: Current guidelines recommend staging Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) using the Barcelona-Clinic-Liver Cancer (BCLC) Classi fi cation. This staging system uses a set of criteria to stratify patientstoguidetheir management.Albumin-Bilirubin(ALBI)scoreandalfa-fetoprotein(AFP)levelswere recentlyadded totheBCLCclassi fi cation.Tumor sizeisoneof themain prognosticfactorsassociated with all-cause mortality and recurrence after treatment. Tumor size , / 5 3cm is a vital cuto ff to de fi ne treatment and . 5 years survival. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the AFP levels and tumor size at diagnosis in patients with HCC and their prognosis. Methods: AretrospectivestudywasperformedforallpatientsdiagnosedwithHCCatLiverAssociatesofTexas,P.A.,betweenJanuary2014toOctober2021.Allpatientsunderwentlaboratorytesting,including AFPlevels,atthetimeofdiagnosis.ThesizeofthemasswasdeterminedatthetimeofdiagnosisusingimagingtestingsuchasdynamicabdominalCT/MRIScan.Alinearregressionmodelwasusedtoassessthe correlation between levels of AFP and tumor size at diagnosis in patients with HCC. A value of p , 0.05 was considered statistically signi fi cant. Results: 231patientswereidenti fi edwithHCC,ofwhich191patientshadinformationfortumorsizeincmandAFPlevelatthetimeofdiagnosis.Themeanagewas67.8years.Thestudyincluded191deceased patients with an average period of survival after of 37 months. were 88 50 Hispanic, 31 African American, 27 Asian, 4 Native American, and 31 unspeci AFP of statically signi (p positive (95% CI: to For cuto value of tumor . cm, a two-sample t-test was executedandasigni fi cantdi ff erencewasnotedinAFPlevelbetweenthetwogroups(p 5 0.012).Patientswithtumorsize , 3cmhadanaverageAFPlevelof111.53(SD 5 246.05),andpatientswithtumorsize . 3 cm had an average AFP level of 323.60 (SD 5 443.94). Conclusion: The positive correlation between AFP with tumor size at diagnosis suggests its potential as a prognostic tool for patients with HCC. Given that there is a positive correlation between AFP with tumor size, and tumor size above . 3cm reduces survival, further studies are necessary to validate these results. Conclusion: The data from our study suggests that patients with a history of both Alcohol-related cirrhosis and NASH cirrhosis were negatively impacted by COVID-19 pandemic. Our data revealed that patients with a history of both Alcohol-related cirrhosis and NASH cirrhosis were at a high risk of disease progression


Jujube witches′ broom disease(JWB) is a destructive disease caused by a phytoplasma.Based on multi-way investigation,29 kinds of germplasm were collected from whole China.Four kinds of strains,Junzao,Nanjingmuzao,Chengtuozao and Qingxuyuanzao were selected out by the method of grafting healthy germplasm to be checked onto seriously diseased plant,which was affirmed much more effective for selecting highly-resistant germplasm than the traditional method of grafting diseased bark onto healthy germplasm to be checked,for 8-year selection and validation.The Junzao strain affirmed to have high resistance to JWB were used to reconstruct the crown of diseased tree,the reconstruct trees had been fruiting for 5 years.Those strains with high resistentance to JWB not only could be used to breed new cultivars but also could be reconstruct the crown of diseased tree.


A communication blackout is one of the major problems that occurs during the reentry of a satellite into the Earth's atmosphere, which is caused by the reentry plasma blocking electromagnetic waves near the satellite for telecommunication. Moreover, it prevents tracking and data transmission, resulting in inaccurate prediction of landing sites and data loss. Therefore, there is a necessity to evaluate the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the reentry plasma and to mitigate the communication blackout. An inflatable aeroshell technology with lightweight and large-area features enables aerodynamic drag at high altitudes to reduce aerodynamic heating and to mitigate communication blackouts. Thus, a nanosatellite mission using such an inflatable aeroshell has been proposed. For the purpose of telecommunication possibilities during the reentry in future nanosatellite missions, a detailed investigation of communication blackout mitigation by inflatable aeroshell is required. In the present article, the plasma flow and electromagnetic wave propagation near the nanosatellite during atmospheric reentry were revealed by using a computational science approach. A low-temperature and low-density wake is formed behind the nanosatellite. Moreover, an electromagnetic wave propagation path is formed in the wake, indicating that this path is maintained during the reentry, and no communication blackout occurs when using the deployable nanosatellite.


Embodiments of the invention disclose an image display method and a user terminal. The method comprises the steps that: firstly, the user terminal obtains pixel point information of a target picture; secondly, according to a prestored mapping relationship between the pixel point information of the picture and a display resolution, the display resolution of the user terminal is adjusted to a resolution that matches the pixel point information of the target picture; and finally, the target picture is displayed by using the adjusted display resolution. According to the embodiments of the invention, the display resolution of the user terminal is adjusted by the user terminal according to the pixel point information of the target picture, thereby avoiding the problem of poor display effect caused by the fact that the pixel point information of the target picture does not match the display resolution of the user terminal. By implementing the embodiments of the invention, the display effect of the picture can be improved.


Rheological, elongational flow, and scanning electron microscopy measurements have been performed on cationic monomers associated with specific counterions. The monomers are formed through the reaction of allyl bromide and a variety of dimethylalkylamine derivatives. The results show that above a specific monomer–counterion concentration, highly elongated structures are formed in solution. These structures are adequately described as polymerizable rod-like micelles. The physical properties of these fluids are interpreted in terms of a micellar sphere to rod transition which gradually occurs over a specific concentration range (>1g/dL, in general). At higher concentrations, these rod-like entities are capable of interacting with each other. Therefore, even though the forces holding the structures together are certainly weaker than a chemical bond, polymeric-like properties are observed in these polymerizable viscoelastic fluids.


Fitness and skill are embedded constructs that have been the primary foci of the field of physical education. The emphasis of one of these constructs over the other is a matter of context that cannot, given their embedding, lead to the exclusivity of one in the education of and through the physical (Williams, 1930), particularly as we seek to develop more efficacious school based systems of physical education that transcend into a lifespan perspective for the individual. The NASPE national standards for physical education and sport provide a broad, integrated, and age-related plan for fitness and skill within physical education but the degree to which the goals of this plan are actually realized in schools is in question. It is proposed that a lifespan agenda for fitness and skill will be more appropriately and effectively realized by emphasizing and exploiting in practice: a) a balanced and integrated approach to the knowing how and knowing that of physical education; b) the macro level constructs associated with physical activity, such as joy, meaning and values; and c) the time scales of influence to movement and physical activity in an integrated healthy lifestyle.


Premise of research. The sexuality of flowers is an important reproductive character in angiosperms. An insight into the evolutionary events that led to the appearance of monoecious and dioecious species can be gained by comparing closely related groups with contrasting characters. For this study, we focused on the tribe Chamaedoreeae, within which dioecy appears to have evolved twice from a monoecious ancestor. Methodology. To improve our knowledge of flower structure and ontogeny in this group, SEM and anatomical sectioning were performed on inflorescences and flowers of the dioecious species Chamaedorea tepejilote and the monoecious species Hyophorbe lagenicaulis at different developmental stages. Pivotal results. Our data highlighted that the higher degree of spatial sexual separation seen in the dioecious C. tepejilote, compared to the monoecious H. lagenicaulis, is accompanied by a more accentuated dimorphism between male and female flowers. More specifically, in the case of C. tepejilote, the vestigial reproductive organs (staminodes of the female flower and pistillode of the male flower) are more rudimentary structures, in terms of their developmental differentiation, than their homologs in H. lagenicaulis. Conclusions. Our data suggest that the unisexual flowers already present in the monoecious ancestor of the Chamaedoreeae underwent further modifications either shortly before or since the appearance of dioecy in the genus Chamaedorea. These structural changes were presumably the result of genomic mutations causing earlier developmental arrest of the vestigial reproductive organs and are likely, in turn, to have conferred enhanced resource-allocation efficiency.


In fact, the 1000 clinical hours requirement was dropped by the WCPT in 1991 and a Declaration of Principle on education adopted in its place. The Declaration stated that: 'WCPT recommends its Member Organisations to promote in their own countries, physical therapy education based on university or university level studies or the equivalent, of four years minimum full time (or equivalent) duration.'


The papers in this symposium are a selection of those presented at the first annual conference of the Oxford Centre for the Analysis of Resource Rich Economies (Oxcarre) held in December 2007. Countries rich in natural resources have had diverse economic experiences, with some using resources to achieve rapid economic growth, and others experiencing a resource 'curse'. The objectives of the conference, and of Oxcarre, are to develop research into the particular economic issues faced by resource rich economies, to inform policy design in these countries, and to bring together experts in this field from around the world.


The taste function has been followed by subjective and objective tests in a material operated upon for otosclerosis. From the result of this investigation the following may be pointed out: It is necessary to use objective test methods to get reliable information about the taste function. It may be possible to decrease the number of cases in which the chorda tympani is sectioned at theoperation for otosclerosis.


Let me be honest. From the moment I accepted Susan Starr's offer to curate a special supplement to celebrate 100 years of the Bulletin of the Medical Library Association (BMLA)/Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA), I knew I was going to include the Doe lecture by Nina W. Matheson, AHIP, FMLA [1]. I remember standing in the back of the ballroom listening and knowing that it was changing my life.


Forces developed in grinding process are non-linear in nature, due to this non-linear functionality of forces vibration generates in spindles as well as whole machine. Spindle chosen for a particular operation is a very tedious job. The present research work was carried out to study to reduce the machine vibrations to minimum level so that production rates will be high with minimum cycle time. Keywords—deep groove ball bearing; equivalent chip thickness; spindle simulator; torque & power;


Situational development and utilization of long-tail Web applications often involves scenarios with multiple persons interacting. Keeping private data under control comes into focus when using applications in sensitive domains, such as financial management. Main problems comprise the lack of data restriction capabilities in an adequate granularity, missing awareness on data restricted as well as missing visual representations both on previewing such private data and replacement of non-shared data on the invitee's side. To this end, we present an innovative sharing process with fine-grained control of private data, sharing awareness and impression management. Further, policy compliance for private data enables corporate use, fostering the utilization of the collaborative Web mashup paradigm in business application scenarios. A user study shows the suitability of the corresponding interaction features for the target group of Web users with no programming skills.


PURPOSE: To obtain an aqueous or alcoholic composition containing a thermoplastic polymer for assisting hair-dressing, to be applied to the hair before shampooing, effective for protecting the hair from the damage caused by heat and useful for the thermal dressing of hair to a particular style or form. CONSTITUTION: A composition containing a polymer having a Tg of about <120 deg.C is applied to wet or dried hair before dressing, heated at the glass transition temperature of the polymer while the hair is in a desired dressed style and cooled below the glass transition temperature to harden the polymer for assisting the dressing of hair to the final hair style. The fixing agent may contain plural sulfonated dicarboxylic parts and/or neutralized sulfonate parts. This composition contains about 0.1-20 wt.% (based on the composition) of water and/or an alcohol carrier and a water-soluble or alcohol-soluble thermoplastic fixable polymer or resin.


In this paper,seven key techniques of case-based structural scheme design were given:CBR,KDD,OO,RBR,FIS,NN and GA.Using OO technology,case-based integrated information system for high-rise building structural design was also given.As many as 1008 high-rise building cases were retrieved to construct case-base and its management system with the functions of data input,delete,statistics,and knowledge discovery.This paper gave technical and methodology supports for understanding the case-based structural design,making full use of current practical projects,and solving the practical problems as well as paved the way of implementation of the case-based information system based smart design support system.


#### Clinical Question

What do you do when you have a patient who says that they have pain and swelling in both legs when exercising, but appears to have no abnormalities on clinical examination?

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a disorder that typically presents as bilateral lower leg pain during exercise but is absent at rest. This is due to compression of a fascial compartment causing pain during exercise. It commonly presents in primary care but is often under-diagnosed due to a lack of awareness of the ailment by both patients and practitioners. If left undiagnosed it can lead to ischaemia and then infarction of the affected muscle compartment (Figure 1).1

Figure 1.
Compartments of the lower leg.

A 34-year-old male presented with a 4-week history of non-radiating, persistent 'bursting' pain of gradual onset in the posterior aspect of the right lower leg that occurred during exercise. The pain commenced after 40–60 minutes of exercise. The longer he exercised, the worse it became. When the pain first began, it would be relieved immediately at rest. Over time it remained as a dull ache for up to 30 minutes after the cessation of exercise. He also experienced paraesthesia in both the affected area and the …


Multiple ecological, economic, social, and political facets influence forest-planning decisions. Decision models have been widely used in forest management planning, but most are deterministic models. However, long-term forest planning problems are surrounded by potential uncertainties. To begin to account for uncertainty surrounding growth and yield under climate change conditions, a stochastic forest planning model was developed and tested. The intent of the model is to help identify potential current forest management actions that will perform well over a range of plausible climate change scenarios (futures). The stages of the model address how uncertainty about the future might unfold, with model solutions providing immediate management actions plus detailed contingency (recourse) plans for each future. The use of specialized decomposition methods of operations research has allowed for testing the model in a detailed and large application. Results from the case study showed that planning for an average deterministic case produces a misleading solution, underestimating the potential impact of climate change. On the other hand, only planning for a worst-case scenario ignores the potential value of management opportunities under other likely futures in which harvesting benefits could be greater. Overall, results advance our understanding of recognizing forest-wide uncertainty in forest management planning models.

 Stand-level decisions often have forest-wide implications. Forest planning helps coordinate management of stands to address ecological, economic, and social aspects. Decision models are often used, but most assume all the information is known. However, long-term forest planning is surrounded by potential uncertainties, such as climate change. We developed a model to identify current forest management actions that will perform well over a range of plausible climate change scenarios instead of just one. The novelty lies in how we solve the problem. Breaking it into smaller subproblems allows us to include more stand-level details while still tackling a large problem.


Knowledge of the effects of seed burial depth and the presence of straw on the soil surface on weed seedling emergence provides useful information for the development of weed management tactics. Buttonweed (Borreria densiflora DC.) is a troublesome weed that occurs in large infestations in soybean and sugarcane crops from north-central Brazil. This study investigated buttonweed emergence at different seed burial depths and straw amounts present on the soil surface. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions, under a factorial design between four seed burial depths and four amounts of surface straw. Percent seedling emergence and fresh biomass (g) were evaluated at twenty-five days after installation (DAI). Greater buttonweed emergence occurred in seeds that were placed on the soil surface either without surface straw or with up to 1,000 kg ha−1 of straw on the soil surface. With 4,000 kg ha−1 of surface straw, buttonweed emergence was prevented when seeds were placed at a depth of 0.5 cm or deeper in the soil. These data indicated emergence of this weed species was greater at depths near the soil surface and in soils with the least amounts of surface straw. Information generated in this study provides a starting point for the development of knowledge for understanding the biology of buttonweed emergence and its population dynamics. Such information may be directly transmitted to growers and lays the groundwork for an integrated management approach for this weed species.


When a logical qubit is protected using a quantum error-correcting code, the net effect of coding, decoherence (a physical channel acting on qubits in the codeword) and recovery can be represented exactly by an effective channel acting directly on the logical qubit. In this paper we describe a procedure for deriving the map between physical and effective channels that results from a given coding and recovery procedure. We show that the map for a concatenation of codes is given by the composition of the maps for the constituent codes. This perspective leads us to an efficient means for calculating the exact performance of quantum codes with arbitrary levels of concatenation. We present explicit results for single-bit Pauli channels. For certain codes under the symmetric depolarizing channel, we use the coding maps to compute exact threshold error probabilities for achievability of perfect fidelity in the infinite concatenation limit.


[Objective]To understand the current status and trend of narcotic analgesics use among inpatients in Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College from 2009-2012,and provide reference for rational drug use. [Methods]The sales amount,DDDs and DDDc of narcotic analgesics in this hospital from 2009-2012 were analyzed statistically. [Results]The use amount of narcotic analgesics showed upward trend,with annual sales increasing. The sales amount and DDDs of slow-release morphine tablets ranked first in 4 years. The sales amount of codeine phosphate tablets was decreasing annually. The sales amount and DDDs of pethidine injection both showed downward tendency.[Conclusion]The current status and trend of narcotic analgesics use in this hospital is relatively rational.


As a multicopper oxidase,laccase is important for its applications in industries such as environmental protection,biological energy,food industry,and paper biobleaching. In this paper,full-length sequence of cot A gene from 168 strains of Bacillus subtilis was cloned by PCR amplification. The size of the laccase gene cot A is 1 542 bp,consisting of one open reading frame,which encodes a polypeptide of 513 amino acids and a termination codon. The cot A gene was cloned and expressed in E. coli Transetta( DE3) under microaerobic conditions. The recombinant protein Cot A was purified by Ni-NTA column and characterized. The optimal temperature and p H of Cot A were 60℃and 4. 5,respectively. This enzyme showed better thermostability at 60℃. There was still 71. 70% residual enzyme activity after 90 min heat preservation. Under the optimum reaction condition,the Km,kcatand Vmaxof purified recombinant protein Cot A with ABTS as the substrate were approximate 63. 9 ± 5 μmol / L,39. 1 ± 1 / s and0. 005 μmol / L·min·mg, respectively. Moreover, the specific activity of recombinant protein Cot A under microaerobic conditions was 2 655. 4-fold higher than that of aerobically grown cells. Accordingly,the microaerobic fermentation method can significantly improve the specific activity of recombinant protein Cot A.


The crystal structures of the title complexes, [NMe4][ MnF4(OH2)2](1) and Rb[MnF4(OH2)](2), have been determined by three-dimensional Patterson–Fourier and least-squares methods based on X-ray (Mo-Kα) diffraction data. Complex (1) has been isolated from an aqueous solution of the corresponding fluorides. It crystallizes in space group C2/c with a= 16.092(3), b= 5.559(1 ),c= 10.844(2)A, β= 97.59(2)°, Z= 4, and R= 0.033. The structure consists of [MnF4(OH2)2]– anions, which are tetragonally elongated octahedra, linked by hydrogen bonds to form layers parallel to x00 planes with tetramethylammonium cations between the layers. Complex (2) crystallizes from acid solution as monoclinic crystals of space group C2/c with a= 13.932(2), b= 6.471(1), c= 10.635(1)A, β= 105.54(1)°, Z= 8, and R= 0.037. The structure consists of [MnF6]3– and [MnF4(OH2)2]– octahedra alternating in the ac direction. Rubidium cations as well as hydrogen bonds bind the anion chains together. The observed distortion of the octahedra in both structures is ascribed to the Jahn–Teller effect.


This article introduces the topic of this issue of the review. Because there has been no systematic evaluation, so far, of the impact of western assistance programmes for higher education in eastern and central Europe since they got underway in 1989‐1990, the hope is that this publication will kick off the necessary debate. In general, two stages in the reform process can be identified, a reparatory stage that lasted around three years, and now a holistic stage, that emphasizes a systemic approach to reform. It is hoped that the eight articles making up the topic will serve as catalysts for many more studies on all aspects of this vast problem.


Aim: The current study was designed to evaluate the potential hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of copper-nicotinate complex (CNC) against methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD)-induced fatty liver in rats. Materials and Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into one of four equal-sized groups (G1-G4). The G1 group was fed a balanced diet and kept under normal conditions; the G2 group received CNC orally at a dose of 0.043 mg/kg body weight, 3 times/week for 4 weeks, and a balanced diet; the G3 group was fed an MCDD for 4 weeks; and the G4 group was fed an MCDD and administered CNC at the same dose and route as G2. Blood samples were collected for the determination of serum enzyme activity. After 4 weeks of treatment, liver specimens were collected for the evaluation of the oxidative/antioxidative markers, cytokine gene expression, and histopathological examination. Results: CNC improved MCDD-induced liver dysfunctions by recovering serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities to their normal levels. The glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly decreased, while lipid peroxidation (as reflected by malondialdehyde [MDA]) markedly increased in the liver tissue of the MCDD group. After cotreatment with MCDD and CNC, the GSH level and SOD activity markedly increased and the MDA level significantly decreased to return to normal levels. After cotreatment with MCDD and CNC, significant downregulation of the mRNA expression of hepatic interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 genes was found. Moreover, CNC reduced fatty liver complications by reducing the number of hepatic vacuolations, degenerative changes in the hepatocytes, and hemorrhage. Conclusion: CNC has the potential to limit tissue injury and possibly prevent the progression to severe liver disease caused by an MCDD.


Within the random-phase approximation (RPA) or ring sum, the ground-state correlation energy for a uniform gas of charged particles with density parameter {ital r}{sub {ital s}} tends as {ital r}{sub {ital s}}{r arrow}{infinity} to ({minus}0.803 Ry) {ital r}{sub {ital s}}{sup {minus}3/4}. This limit holds for fermions, as for bosons and distinguishable particles. For electrons, the next term in the low-density expansion (of order {ital r}{sub {ital s}}{sup {minus}1}) cancels the exchange energy. Corrections to RPA must cancel the {ital r}{sub {ital s}}{sup {minus}3/4} term, and can modify the {ital r}{sub {ital s}}{sup {minus}1} term.


AIMS
To identify and characterize the thematic foci, structure and evolution of nursing research on surveillance and patient safety.

DESIGN
Bibliometric analysis.

METHODS
Bibliometric methods were employed to analyse 1145 articles, using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer software.

DATA SOURCE
The Scopus bibliographic database was searched on April 7, 2023.

RESULTS
A keyword co-occurrence analysis found the most frequently occurring keywords to be: patient safety, nursing, nurses, adverse events, monitoring, critical care, quality improvement, vital signs, safety, alarm fatigue, education, nursing care, surveillance, clinical alarms, failure to rescue, evidence-based practice, acute care, clinical deterioration, communication, intensive care. Network mapping, clustering and time-tracking of the keywords revealed the focal themes, structure and evolution of the research field.

CONCLUSION
By assessing critical areas of the nursing research field, this study extends and enriches the current discourse on surveillance and patient safety for nursing researchers and practitioners. Critical challenges still have to be met by nurses, however, including the failure to rescue deteriorating patients. Further knowledge and understanding of surveillance and patient safety must be successfully translated from research to practice.

IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION
This study highlights the gaps in nursing knowledge with regard to surveillance and patient safety and encourages nursing professionals to turn to evidence-based surveillance practices.

IMPACT
In addressing the problem of surveillance and its effect on patient safety, this study found that, in most clinical care settings, preventing failures to rescue and adverse patient outcomes still remains a challenge for the nursing profession. This study should have an impact on nursing academics' future research themes and on nursing professionals' future clinical practices.

REPORTING METHOD
Relevant EQUATOR guidelines have been adhered to by employing recognized bibliometric reporting methods.


The subject of this study includes projects, the aims of the future and a vital prospect. The objects are deviant teenagers and young men. The aim of the paper is to reveal features of personal regulatory formations of persons with deviant behaviour and their relation to the future. Specific objectives are to carry out the analysis of the psychological literature; to give formation typology of the components of the relation to the future; to define difficulties in definition of vital prospects at young men with deviant behaviour.


This thesis provides preliminary evidence as to the advantageous application of combined motor training and non-invasive brain stimulation, on movement and brain plasticity in older adults and chronic stroke patients. The findings from this thesis have clinical implications for improving activities of daily living in these populations.


We present experimental evidence of the generation of distinct types of genuine multipartite entanglement between the spin, energy, and path degrees of freedom within single-neutron quantum systems. This is achieved via the development of new spin manipulation apparatuses for neutron interferometry and the entanglement is detected via appropriately designed and optimized non-linear witnesses. We demonstrate the extraordinarily high controllability and fidelity of the generated entangled states.


Design, optimization and assurance of GSM and 3G networks are becoming increasingly costly as a consequence of factors such as the high numbers of subscribers, the new and complex traffic patterns and the coexistence of different radio access technologies. One interesting indicator of network performance in a particular area is the quality of service perceived by the final user for specific services. This user perception is gaining importance with regard to services like short messaging or IP-based applications. In this scenario, traditional measurement tools employed by operators could be replaced by the new mobile phones, because they can be used as an environment where measurements can be done directly. This paper reports our experiences developing x-AppMonitor muAgent, a network performance monitoring tool which is executed in off-the-shelf mobile terminals and measures quality of service perceived by users. Practical results will be provided.


Various conformation-dependent properties of chain molecules have been successfully treated within the rotational isomeric state approximation. The conformation entropy is one of such properties which can be readily defined by the partition function, the sum of all possible configurations of the chain. Flexible polymers often exhibit crystallization and in some cases liquid-crystallization as well. In these first-order transitions, changes in the spatial arrangement of polymer chains are considered to be a major factor involved. In order to explicitly determine the conformational contribution to the melting entropy, the latent entropy observed under the isobaric condition must be corrected for the volume change. The entropy separation involves a hypothetical assumption that the volume of the isotropic fluid may be compressed to that of the solid state without affecting the configurational part of the entropy of molecules. Finally thermodynamic significance of the conformation entropy in these transitions is emphasized on the basis of the critical studies of the entropy-volume relation of chain molecules in the liquid state.


Inspired by the human visual sys- tem(HVS), hexagonal grid computation bears numerous advantages like equidistance, good angular resolution, isoperimetry and fixed neighbours. As the digital technology is advancing day by day, it is often need to handle large volumes of data for transmission and storage purpose. Hence there is a need to focus on different compression techniques without comprising the data quality for reducing the storage space, faster computation and with less computational cost. Image compression techniques exploits the human visual imperceptibility to encode the image with lesser number of bits for the same image. This paper, presents different compression methods like SVD(Singular Value Decomposition), DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for hexagonal image grid. Hexagonal image compression is accomplished by outsourcing hexagonal grid images. The performance comparison for different hexagonal image compression are made against rectangular grid and are analysed from MSE, size of the image, CR and PSNR. Hexagonal grid compression provides better results over all the compression methods when compared to the rectangular grid image compression. Although biological processes inspire the structure, the current state of the art of recording and output devices, are often constrained by their square structure. Therefore resampling techniques are used to outsource hexagonal grid images from the rectangular grid.


Fascination with the ability to regenerate tissues and organs has existed since the earliest observations of Prometheus, Thevenot, and Tremblay. However, what might be called the modern era of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine began only a quarter century ago. The initial focus of a newly defined scientific discipline referred to as "tissue engineering" involved the ex vivo creation of replacement tissues intended for subsequent in vivo implantation. Skin substitutes represented the earliest attempt at engineered tissues, and by the 1990s commercial development of these products had begun. The 1980s and 1990s were the "go-go years" of tissue engineering, but by the turn of the century commercial activity had encountered a variety of problems, including challenging regulatory hurdles and almost nonexistent third-party reimbursement mechanisms needed to sustain the commercialization effort.


ABSTRACT Following the outbreak of the Liberal Revolution, which broke out in Portugal after the revolutionary actions that happened in Porto on 24 August, and in Lisbon on 15 September 1820, a new political regime emerged and, consequently, changes in values as well as in ways of thinking and acting. It is a new conception of sovereignty with the shift of absolute power from the king to the nation. In this new imaginary signification arises the need to construct common good. In this sense, the question is posed: What is the idea of citizenship that Liberalism projected? The goals are: to interpret the specificity of the idea of citizenship, and to discuss the role assigned to instruction-education as a tool to promote citizenship. The sources are: constitutional catechisms, hygiene manuals, political textbooks, and handbooks. Regarding methodology, by reference to the Liberal Revolution, an interpretive analysis of the sources was conducted along two major dimensions and their respective descriptors: first dimension: liberal regime: constitution, state, laws, health, citizenship; second dimension: educational city: instruction-education, public education, illustration, health, citizenship. To conclude, liberalism triggered a concern with conceiving citizenship as a key factor in health promotion, and health as a crucial factor in the construction of citizenship, with instruction-education being given a fundamental role in the construction process. Citizenship in the 1820s already announced the health paradigm, which presupposes the community's and the citizen's empowerment.


It is shown that if a distribution u∈D′(Rn) has support in a convex cone not containing a straight line and its Fourier transform is carried by a closed cone K different from the whole space, i.e., ũ∈D′(K), K≠Rn, then u is zero. This result leads to a new and most general proof of the PCT theorem which covers nonlocal quantum fields with arbitrary high-energy behavior.