The Software Concordance is a hypermedia software development environment exploring how document technology and versioned hypermedia can improve software document management. The Software Concordance's central tool is a document editor that integrates program analysis and hypermedia services for both source code and multimedia documentation in XML. The editor allows developers to embed inline multimedia documentation, including images and audio clips, into their program sources and to bind them to any program fragment. Web style hyperlinks are also supported. The developers are able to move seamlessly between source code and the documentation that describes its motivation, design, correctness and use without disrupting the integrated program analysis services, which include lexing, parsing and type checking. This paper motivates the need for environments like the Software Concordance, describes the key features and architecture of its document editor and discusses future work to improve its functionality.


Wearable computing devices, such as smart watches, may include functional components (e.g., cover glass, displays, processors, memory, storage, battery, etc.) and cosmetic components (e.g., housings, bands/straps, etc.). While it may be desirable to offer wearable computing devices with a wide variation of cosmetic components (e.g., to appeal to a larger group of customers), it may be similarly be desirable to limit variation of the functional components (e.g., to reduce design complexity and/or manufacturing costs). Some manufacturers may accomplish the dual goals of offering a wide variety of cosmetic components and a limited variety of functional components by allowing for limited swapping out of some cosmetic components (e.g., bands or straps). However, providing variations in other cosmetic components (e.g., housing or case) may require the use of a unique lamination process for each variation (e.g., separate manufacturing processes to mount cover glass to cosmetic components, and then attaching the display). Such a requirement for separate and unique lamination processes may undesirably cause delay and increase cost and/or complexity, for example, by fracturing a lamination process volume when producing wearable devices. As discussed in this disclosure, a wearable computing device may include a chassis configured to carry both cover glass and a display. The combined assembly of the cover glass, chassis, and display may form a modular display platform that can be easily integrated into various cosmetic components (e.g., case or housing). For instance, an upper housing and a lower housing may enclose the chassis, along with other functional components. DESCRIPTION In general, this disclosure describes aspects for manufacturing of wearable computing devices with common internal computing components but varying external housing components. Companies that offer a family of smart device products with various industrial designs (e.g., various 3D exterior surfaces) but common internal hardware components may be required to utilize a unique lamination process for each product's industrial design variation when following 2 Stroncek: MODULAR DISPLAY PLATFORM Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2020 an order of operations such as integrating the cover glass to cosmetic components and then, laminating the display to the cover glass via the unique lamination process. The unique lamination process allows for cosmetic variation in the smart device but adds significant costs and delays to the manufacture of the family of products related to that smart device. The coupling of the lamination process to the industrial design of the smart device fractures a lamination process volume into separate processes. If the order of operations is not followed, these companies will find it difficult (if not impossible) to manufacture at a desired quantity level at least some of the smart device's family of products. An alternate order of operations which manufacturers may use involves laminating the display to the cover glass via a unique lamination process and then, adding that lamination assembly comprising the cover glass and display to the rest of the product. This alternate flow increases a risk of damaging the components, influencing the industrial design of the product. Smart watch device manufacturers, in particular, cannot achieve minimum product sizes for certain display types without impairing or fracturing the lamination process volume, a large cost driver, when introducing cosmetic variation into a product's industrial design, especially when a unique lamination process is required for each industrial design. Maintaining a suitable lamination process volume while introducing cosmetic variation into a product family of devices is difficult and current practices are inefficient and often result in implications to the smart watch size and aesthetic. This disclosure relates to manufacture of smart watches with minimum product sizes for certain display types without impairing or fracturing a display lamination process volume. As described herein, currently available smart watch designs cause lamination volume fracturing because their manufacturing process produces a piece of cover glass securely affixed to a cosmetic component and adds, through a lamination process, a display panel to the cover glass but only after the cosmetic components have been first affixed to the glass. The aspects described herein provide a non-cosmetic component (e.g., a mechanical part) that decouples the industrial design from the lamination process by carrying the cover glass, which enables the addition of cosmetic components after the addition of the display to the cover glass through the lamination process. These aspects allow for common internal hardware to be used with various cosmetic geometry and materials, which facilitates the cosmetic variation in a product family. 3 Defensive Publications Series, Art. 3298 [2020] https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/3298 The aspects described herein configure the non-cosmetic component to support classic watch gaskets for sealing and integrating cosmetic components.


Prostaglandins with cytoprotective activity were studied for a long time and a few PGE1 and PGE2 stable analogs were promoted as drugs: arbaprostil, enprostil, misoprostol and rioptostol. Nocloprost, a 9β-chlorine prostaglandin analog, has been also promoted as a cytoprotective drug; the succes with this compound stimulated the reserches, and many 9βor 11β-substituted prostaglandins were synthesized and studied for their biological activity. In the same dirrection we previously synthesized new 9β-halogenated prostaglandins having also an ester group at the carbon atom 6. These compounds were now used in a molecular docking study to predict their potential cytoprotective (anti-ulcer) activity. The study has been done with CLC Drug Discovery Workbench 2.4. software and an oxidoreductase enzyme receptor, chosen from the Protein Data Bank, ID: 4KEW. Two recognized drugs, omeprazole (co-crystallized with the enzyme) and nocloprost were used as standard in the study. The 9β-halogenated prostaglandin analogs were finally docked. Nocloprost and all 9βhalogenated compounds had docking score greater than that of omeprazole. The majority of the 9βhalogenated analogs have a docking score even greater than that of nocloprost, indicating that these compounds could have potential cytoprotective activity. Correlations between docking score and substituents on the prostaglandin skeleton have been done.


The behavior of high-voltage cutouts of specified structure in capacitive-load switching may be evaluated by a method based on electric field calculations and dynamic calculations of the gas fluxes. Agreement of the calculation results permits estimation of critical regions of the structure and modification of the structure to increase the switching capacity.


LOW-VOLTAGE CONTINUOUS-TIME LINEAR EQUALIZER FOR DIGITAL VIDEO APPLICATIONS by Poonam V. Agale This thesis presents a low-voltage continuous-time linear equalizer for the digital video application of 1080p HD video with a data rate of 3 Gbps. The equalizer was designed in the CMOS 45 nm technology with a supply voltage of 1V and bias current of 1.5 mA. The equalizer has a variable gain, which can be adjusted to suit the cable length and physical parameters. The circuit design of the equalizer filter includes a 3-stage filter, where each stage has been implemented as a variable gain amplifier along with a linear transconductance amplifier as a gain control stage. The equalizer is capable of compensating for the loss of a coaxial cable within the range 0-240 m in length, with each stage compensating for a cable of 80 m. The circuit design of the equalizer was implemented in the CMOS 45 nm technology in Cadence Virtuoso. The equalizer was also tested in Matlab, using the model of the coaxial cable to demonstrate the equalization of the data. The transient results of the equalized data, as well as the eye diagrams, are presented in this work.


In order to solve problem of Hopfield neural networks learning on variable object,we establish one dynamic Hopfield Neural networks. and its learning algorithm on base of [1].The dynamic learning problem is therefore handled.


Recently, SAW material parameters have been reported for CNGS, CTGS, SNGS and STGS. These materials are in the same family as LGS, LGN and LGT but have a lower density, differing coupling coefficients, higher velocity, and differing temperature coefficients. As compared with quartz, these materials have a higher density, lower velocity, higher electromechanical coupling coefficient, and higher temperature of operation without degradation of piezoelectric properties. Initial efforts have been made on investigating the various SAW parameters of CNGS and CTGS. Very little material is available, but very interesting properties have been found while investigating the Y-cut CNGS and CTGS substrates. It has been observed that there is a temperature compensated propagation angle near room temperature which is both promising in itself, as well as suggesting other compensated cuts may be possible at differing cut angles. Electromechanical coupling, velocity, temperature coefficient of frequency, power flow angle, and fractional frequency curvature results are provided and compared with those of quartz. In addition, a comparison of previously published results for CNGS, CTGS, SNGS, and STGS Y-cut substrates are given. These results include coupling coefficient, velocity, capacitance, and reflectivity measurements for various propagation angles. These results are also compared with previously reported measurement for LGT and LGN and a discussion is provided. Based on reflectivity measurements and parameter extraction, a COM model is used to predict SAW resonator performance and fabricated SAW resonator results are provided and compared with the COM model.


There are several theories and hypotheses that state that our universe may be simulated on some alien computers. It would be a Virtual Universe without physical existence. It is also discussed whether Robots (or Computers) might ever have a conscience. In both cases, there would be feelings and emotions being produced on these machines, as the feelings of beings in a virtual universe would be produced on these computers. The paradox comes when we know that every computer can be replaced by a Universal Turing Machine. Since this machine essentially writes and reads symbols on a tape, so the simple "back and forth" of the tape being read and written by Turing's machine should produce the same feelings as the electronic computer produce in its simulation! Or does it just prove that these feelings could not be generated on a computer?


societies for hundreds of years. The only exceptions in the distant past were specialist communities whose fishing, pottery making or canoe building provided goods for ex change. In the early and middle 20th century large-scale mining, with its environmen tal, social and economic impacts, destroyed agriculture on islands such as Nauru and Banaba. More recently, the many facets of urbanism, the presence of military establishments and the flow of aid funds have undercut and sometimes replaced the agricultural economies of particular islands. Where agriculture remained the dominant component of the economy, crops, techniques, agricultural systems and farmers' goals changed in the third quarter of this century. These changes have not been recorded adequately in all areas, but the evidence is sufficient to suggest widespread trends which are likely to become very clear in the last decade of the century. These trends suggest that agriculture will prove an increasingly frail basis for island economies in the near future. Furthermore, local social and political structures which, in the past, were rooted in systems of land allocation, labour organization and produce distribution, will lose the legitimacy formerly gained from their functional base in agriculture. While indigenous systems of subsistence agriculture are experiencing ma


Recently Paul Richter of Berlin has given a translation of the dermatologic portion of a treatise on medicine written in the tenth century after Christ by Ali ibn al-Abbas commonly called Haly Abbas, a Persian who wrote in Arabic, the then dominant tongue. 1 The entire translation is most interesting and among other subjects includes a number of shrewd statements in regard to varicose veins and their associated diseases. Haly Abbas goes on to say, "Furthermore what appertains to both feet as elephantiasis, and the veins that are known as varicose veins, and the ulcer that is recognized as being peculiar to the city of Balkh." Further along he practically repeats this statement with a slight extension: "On both feet and on both legs there arises elephantiasis, the veins that are called varicose veins and the ulcer which is recognized as being peculiar to the city of Balkh. Elephantiasis is


Introduction In the post-pandemic era, the cultivation of vocational adaptability among college students holds equal significance to fostering subjective well-being in the face of an increasingly daunting professional landscape. This intricate process can be influenced by exploratory expeditions into potential career paths, sincere introspection, and a profound sense of vocation. Methods Drawing upon Bandura's self-regulation theory, this research project employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to scrutinize the interconnectedness between career exploration, self-reflection, vocational calling, vocational adaptability, and subjective well-being within a sample of 1077 Chinese undergraduates. Results The findings demonstrated that career exploration and self-reflection positively predicted career adaptability and subjective well-being. In addition, career calling had a significant mediating effect in this model. Conclusion The findings of this study shed light on the significance of career exploration and self-reflection in fostering both adolescent career adaptability and subjective well-being. And are expected to provide a reference for the career construction and development of college students and career education in colleges and universities.


The estimation of triangular mesh curvature is implemented by establishing local quadric surface at vertexes of mesh. Deduction course of quadric surface curvature calculation is presented. Errors and complexity of two curvature estimation methods, which are the ecumenical quadric surface fitting method and the quadric paraboloid surface fitting method respectively, are compared. Technique for curvature group display is put forward. This technique can display features of mesh distinctly, even though the curvature values of mesh distribute non-uniformly in their variety range.


Using data on party representation for the Rules, Appropriations, and Ways and Means Committees from the 47th–103rd Congresses, I test the implications of a recently developed theory by Dixit, Grossman, and Gul. Their theory predicts that, in any particular Congress, majority and minority party representation on committees should be a function of the maximum political strength enjoyed by the majority party during the entire period for which it has held majority status up to, and including, that Congress. I refute this hypothesis and find that for any given Congress, majority party representation on committees is determined, rather, by the current political strength of the majority party. These findings speak to broad questions about our understanding of the role of the minority party in legislative organization and lawmaking in legislative politics, and in the US Congress, in particular.


Objective Using the Hygdrogel wound dressing to cure second burns in order to decrease the patients'pain and promote the wound healing.Methods Fortyfive patients with burn were used the Hygdrogel wound dressing;the control group was used SDAgZn,then to observe the patients'pain and the healing time.Results The treatment group obtained 95.5%(43/45) 0Ⅰdegree pain,while the control group obtained 17.3%(8/45) 0Ⅰdegree pain(P0.01).Compared with the control groups,the treatment group's wound healing time with superficial partial thickness burn was shortenedby 2.48 days,and the deep partial thickness burn was shortenedby 4.61 days.Conclusion Hygdrogel wound dressing is a burn dressing that can decrease the patients'pain.


The conceptual purpose of this article is to reveal the dynamics of multicultural Islamic education from the perspective of Muhammadiyah educational institutions. A qualitative writing method with a historiographical approach to reveal cultural history, cultural practices and explanations of the cultural texts of the Muhammadiyah educational institution. The findings of this conceptual research on multicultural Islamic education are the disclosure of the dynamics of the Muhammadiyah institution which has a moderate Islamic style seen from the attitude values instilled in cadres, students and students in each educational institution it manages. Multicultural values are instilled through al-Islam and Muhammadiyah subjects as a characteristic of Muhammadiyah education, which is different from other educational institutions. Because this subject is characteristic, it becomes an "objective identity" that is accepted by the public outside of Muhammadiyah. In this context, there are five objective identities as the elaboration of al-Islam and Muhammadiyah into the Muhammadiyah education system, namely; 1) cultivating tajdîd/innovative ways of thinking, 2) having anticipatory abilities, 3) developing a pluralistic attitude, 4) cultivating independent character, and 5) taking moderate steps.


Meta-analyses have shown that the driver braking characteristics reported in the literature often vary due to differences in study methodologies (Green, 2000; Muttart, 2005; Summala, 2000). This paper provides additional insight on driver braking performance by 1) characterizing driver behavior during the execution of surprise and expected braking maneuvers, and 2) investigating the effect of gender, age, and vehicle driven on this behavior. Sixty-four drivers performed surprise and expected braking maneuvers from 45 mph (72.4 km/h) at an inflatable barricade, and subsequently performed expected braking maneuvers in response to an auditory alarm. Participants drove one of two instrumented vehicles: 1) a 2006 Mercedes-Benz R350, or 2) a 2007 Volvo S80. Drivers' braking inputs and corrected stopping distance were measured. Results indicate that drivers' braking performance varied by gender, age, and vehicle driven. These results and their relationship to the extant braking literature are discussed. The findings are expected to benefit those involved in crash reconstruction, researchers modeling driver braking behavior, as well as designers of brake-by-wire systems.


The invention belongs to the field of medicine and animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, and provides a device for manufacturing parasite egg slide specimen for long-term use. The device consists of a hollow transparent slide and a silica gel plug, wherein a square gap is formed in the middle of the transparent slide; the gap is communicated with a tunnel; and the cylindrical silica gel plug is put into the tunnel. The device is equivalent to a miniature parasite egg storage bottle which can be observed under a microscope, can store a parasite egg specimen for a long time, can also be observed under the microscope, and is applicable to parasitological teaching and scientific research.


The research discusses the synthesis of cholesterlyl palmitate by immobilized C.antarctica lipase from cholesterol and palmitic Acid,the effects of different organic solution,reaction medium,ratio of alcohol to acid,enzyme amount,reaction temperature,molar ration of substrate on esterification are studied in details.The results show that,with cyclohexane as solvent,30 ℃,1:1 ratio of cholesterol to palmitic acid,2% enzyme,48 hours of reaction time,the esterification rate can reach up to above 83%,and the purity of HPLC and LS-MS obtained by separation is up to 98%.The half time and the operational stability of immobilized C.antarctica lipase could be at least 120 d in the reaction system without significant decrease in its activity.


Through the studies of the induction and differentiation of leaves and petioles of two varieties of cherry rootstock,we got the conclusion that the differentiating ability of petioles is more efficient than the leaf-discs,BA does better than KT,NAA is more effective than IBA.From all these factors considered,we get the a formula used both for shoot induction and subculture:MS+BA 1~2 mg/L+KT 1~2 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+IBA 0.5 mg/L.The highest frequency of shoot induction reaches 42%~67%.In the medium of 1/2MS with ABT 2 mg/L,the rooting rate can reach 91.8% and the survive rate can reach 93.8%.


This article reflects the definition of conception of the pedagogical mastership and its elements. Forming of the pedagogical mastership of future teachers in conditions of professional training is based on the chosen model of didactic interaction and represents forming of each of the pointed elements personal and energetic.


This paper begins with a brief description of desicion tables, and then presents a discussion of alternative expressions for them as sequential testing procedures for computer implementation and as Boolean functions. An algorithm is developed which, in a finite number of steps, will convert any given limited entry decision table into an "optimal" computer program, one with minimum average processing time. The algorithm is more general than procedures previously developed and guarantees optimality of the resultant computer program. Previous procedures required two distinct steps and gave no assurance of overall optimality. Computer implementation of the algorithm is also discussed.


6 'The Novelist as Teacher', op. cit., p. 201. 7 From the title poem of Beware, Soul-Brother. 8 'Men of soul' is obviously intended to suggest artists, intellectuals, teachers, perhaps even politicians; the sense of the poem suggests, however, that he has his fellow-writers chiefly in mind. 9 Achebe's relating Ala to the arts recalls Wole Soyinka's similar use of the Yoruba god, Ogun; see 'And after the Narcissist?', African Forum (New York), I (Spring 1966), pp. 59-64. 10 'Achebe on Commitment and African Writers', op. cit., p. 16; Achebe notes that the 'zone of occult instability' is a 'beautiful expression' borrowed from Frantz Fanon. The necessity of moving away from the past is, of course, a central idea in Fanon's writings; it should be noted too


human, which are now so clear to us. The story is not one of smooth or even jolting development in one clearly identifiable direction. It is also a tale of contradictions, stops and starts. And even apparently solid continuity (as, for example, with regard to the non-ordination of women) is deceptive, for the settings, both social and doctrinal, within which the tradition has existed are immeasurably diverse. From a quite different consciousness, Eastern Orthodoxy, with its sense of authority for faith embodied not simply in the ecclesiastical magisterium but more pervasively through the whole body of the faithful, represents a view comparable in certain ways to that which now emerges. Such a view puts more weight, in the holding and transmission of Christian belief, on the community as a whole and on its members, frankly recognized and appreciated for their necessary diversity and not for their capacity to toe the line. It does not overestimate the place of theology-that is, the orderly, rational statement of belief-among the expressions of Christian life and awareness. It will be more ready than we have often been to encourage new expressions of Christian vitality, in spirituality and moral action, which might be hard to square with certain traditional patterns or statements of belief. It will not expect the same expressions to be everywhere appropriate and valid. It might seem that, with or without awarenessof some of the historical and human factors which I have been trying to recognize, Christian life is now in fact pressing towards such paths as these. There is a sense in which we must simply come to terms with the facts. Their implications in relation to the more official doctrinal activities of the churches (for example, in ecumenical negotiations and attempts to establish formal agreement between Christian bodies) must surely begin to impose themselves.


Fuzzy inference has been used in a variety of fields, mainly machine control. Either special-purpose programming language or special-purpose development tool is usually used in software implementation of fuzzy inference. For example, EIAJ (Electronic Industries Association of Japan) standardized FDL (Fuzzy System Description Language) to describe fuzzy inference easily and concisely in Japan in 1996. FDL library and a translator named fdltoc to generate C language were developed at the same time. Therefore, it became possible to convert FDL to C language for software implementation. On the other hand, HDL (Hardware Description Language) is usually used in hardware implementation of fuzzy inference, because there is no hardware development environment for fuzzy inference using IF-THEN type rules and fuzzy sets. However, it is not easy for software engineers to design them with HDL. Moreover, it is not possible to generate HDL by high-level synthesis from C language translated by fdltoc, because C language generated by fdltoc has a description of dynamic memory allocation and uses libraries. This paper proposes a translator from FDL to SystemVerilog named FDLtoSV. The comparison result of software implementation using C language generated by fdltoc and hardware implementation using SystemVerilog generated by FDLtoSV with respect to speed show that the proposed hardware implementation result is about 102 times faster than software implementation result. In addition, its circuit scale is available in a low-cost FPGA.


This is a great introduction to the foundations of Christian Education in the 21st century, which covers and is worthy of use as a textbook. The book offers the reflective writings of current scholars in the field covering Christian Education topics related to foundations; developmental perspectives; educational implications; organization, administration, and leadership; family and specialized ministries. These topics not only describe the scope the field, but also are key to understanding many of the curriculum issues in this field.


The adrenal glucocorticoids regulate carbohydrate formation and protein synthesis (l-6), but the mechanism by which they influence either of these processes remains to be elucidated. The administration of glucocorticoids to rats is followed by increased formation of several liver enzymes that participate in amino acid degradation or gluconeogenesis; e.g. tyrosineol-ketoglutarate transaminase (7), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (8), glucose 6-phosphatase (9, lo), fructose 1 ,B-diphosphatase (10, II), glycogen synthetase (12), tryptophan pyrrolase (13)) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (14, 15)) and pyruvic carboxylase (16). Karlson (17) has suggested that several hormones may function by stimulating enzyme synthesis and considerable evidence from the literature may be cited in support of this concept (18, 19). Greengard, Weber, and Singhal (20) have postulated that "the regulatory effect of glucocorticoids may be brought about by action on the cellular concentration of certain enzyme proteins." Their proposal was based on data showing that glycogen formation in rats given cortisone plus either actinomycin D or puromycin was less than the amount of glycogen formed by rats given cortisone alone. Weber, Singhal, and Stamm (21) and Kenny and Ku11 (22) have reiterated this postulate. The concept that the primary effect of glucocorticoids is on enzyme induction is not in agreement with the previous findings of Kvam and Parks (10) that ethionine did not diminish the early effects of hydrocortisone on blood glucose and liver glycogen in fasted, adrenalectomized rats. Segal and Lopez (23) have questioned the proposal of Greengard et al. (20). The results of t,he present investigation indicate that the primary effect of glucocorticoids is not on induction of enzyme formation, although the latter process may be required for the maximum expression of the hormones' activity.


Abstract This study examined the social representation (SR) of nanotechnologies and its relationships with those of science and technology. It aimed to understand the role of pre-existing and neighbouring forms of shared knowledge in orienting the way laypeople autonomously develop ideas about an unfamiliar issue, and related implications for its perceived risks and public acceptance or rejection. The study involved 489 Italian participants, stratified according to gender, age and education level. They completed an ad-hoc questionnaire with multiple free association tasks to the word-stimuli nanotechnologies, science and technology, and close-ended questions to gauge 'familiarity' levels with nanotechnologies and 'engagement' in nanotechnologies through media. The results suggested the presence of a rather shared and organised SR of nanotechnologies whose content is cautiously enthusiastic. The biomedical domain seems to be the most easily accepted field of application for nanotechnologies, indicating a 'preferential channel' through which they could be more welcome and trusted. Concerning inter-representation relationships, comparisons among SRs identified a strong connection among these three objects, indicating the existence of a coherent representation system where the SR of nanotechnologies is nested in those of science and technology, which, in turn, are in a reciprocal relationship. Fine-grained comparisons allowed for grasping further insights. The results showed that the SR of nanotechnologies is the least enthusiastic, highlighting critical voices among laypeople, although peripherally. Specifically, it presents elements of perceived risks and rejection on one hand, and elements indicating a detached approach in which individuals struggle to detect potentialities and advantages on the other, contrary to what has been found for science and technology at large.


We report on the use of dusty plasma chemical vapor deposition for the coating of micron and submicron sized particles. Particles are introduced into a capacitively coupled low-pressure plasma where they become charged and remain electrostatically confined over extended periods of time. Introduction of a hydrocarbon in the plasma results in the formation of a cross-linked solid (plasma polymer) which deposits on the particle surface in the form of a film. The thickness of the coating varies from 3 nm to more than several hundred nanometers and is found to be a linear function of time. The size distribution and the uniformity of deposition are studied as a function of the deposition time and particle size and the results are interpreted qualitatively via a surface deposition model.


The objective of this study was to describe the arterial distribution of the hindfoot of the llama (Lama glama). Ten adult llamas, preserved in 6% formalin solution at 0°C, were dissected. The arterial system was perfused with a solution of 14% coloured plaster; the venous system was perfused with a solution of 17% coloured industrial gelatine. Angiographies were also obtained. In the llama, the arterial distribution is of the saphenous type and this simple sort of irrigation could be used as a didactic model. The caudal branch of the saphenous artery divides into the small lateral plantar artery and the larger medial plantar artery, which continues as the plantar common digital artery III, and it is the main blood supply of the hindfoot. The dorsal pedal artery is underdeveloped and the perforating tarsal artery does not exist in this species. The plantar common digital artery III divides into the plantar proper digital II, III and IV. Branches from the plantar proper digital artery III supply the digits. We compared the arterial distribution of the hindfoot of the llama with that of other domestic animals including the one‐humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).


In this paper, we consider the projective special linear group $PSL_2(59)$ and construct some 1-designs by applying the Key-Moori method on $PSL_2(59)$. Moreover, we obtain parameters of these designs and their automorphism groups. It is shown that $PSL_2(59)$ and $PSL_2(59):2$ appear as the automorphism group of the constructed designs.


Limited research efforts have been made for Mobile CrowdSensing (MCS) to address quality of the recruited crowd, i.e., quality of services/data each individual mobile user and the whole crowd are potentially capable of providing, which is the main focus of the paper. Moreover, to improve flexibility and effectiveness, we consider fine-grained MCS, in which each sensing task is divided into multiple subtasks and a mobile user may make contributions to multiple subtasks. In this paper, we first introduce mathematical models for characterizing the quality of a recruited crowd for different sensing applications. Based on these models, we present a novel auction formulation for quality-aware and fine-grained MCS, which minimizes the expected expenditure subject to the quality requirement of each subtask. Then we discuss how to achieve the optimal expected expenditure, and present a practical incentive mechanism to solve the auction problem, which is shown to have the desirable properties of truthfulness, individual rationality and computational efficiency. We conducted trace-driven simulation using the mobility dataset of San Francisco taxies. Extensive simulation results show the proposed incentive mechanism achieves noticeable expenditure savings compared to two well-designed baseline methods, and moreover, it produces close-to-optimal solutions.


In 1998, the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc. (ABET1) implemented Engineering Criteria 2000 (EC2000). To support implementation, ABET is conducting a series of regional engineering faculty workshops. This paper focuses on how assessment was used to improve the structure of the workshop and to insure its continued effectiveness in view of the community's evolving awareness and understanding of EC2000. This paper describes the overall project methodology and implementation. Results reported include survey data from nine of 12 workshops. For the one-year post workshop results, data from the first four workshops are reported.


The invention discloses a cassia seed vinegar beverage. The cassia seed vinegar beverage is prepared from following raw materials by weight: 1-6 parts of table vinegar or primary vinegar, 3-10 parts of white granulated sugar, 3-8 parts of honey, 1-3 parts of cassia seed, and 0-0.15 part of a food additive. A product is obtained by steps of triturating the cassia seed, adding water, decocting for 10-30 min, filtering to obtain a filtrate, adding the table vinegar or the primary vinegar, the white granulated sugar and the honey into the filtrate, stirring, sterilizing and filling. An obtained product meets the taste and requirements of modern people and is deeply loved by people.


Regularized formulation was applied to eliminate the Cauchy singularity of the meshless local boundary integral equation(LBIE) method.Firstly,the regularized potential integral equation was deduced,then the regularized formulation was presented for the local boundary integral equation when the source point was located at the boundary.Numerical results show the efficiency of the algorithm.


Isosorbide is a well-investigated and accessible biomass-derived compound that has found wide use in medicine, cosmetics, and material sciences. The efforts to employ this rigid bicyclic diol as a sustainable...


This study attempts to find out perception on study habits of Senior High School students and analyze relationship between study habits and academic performance and various other factors that affects study habits. It is generally believed that a student learns effective study habits in school. So Senior High School students are generally assumed to have effective study habits, but, the environment of school is very different and need of effective study habits. So, this research consists of details about why effective study habits are needed at Senior High School level and effective study habits that a Senior High School student must have in order to learn and eventually score better. Also, we conducted a survey in La Paz National High School to analyze study habits of students. Keywords: Study Habits, Effective Study Habits.


'Standard' has become a commonly used word across all business sectors. The need for the highest quality of goods and services is steadily growing. Ethiopia can produce much fresh fruit and export it. However, trade standards are spreading around the world. It is become harder for developing countries to export goods to markets in developed nations. Fresh fruit export is a crucial industry with great potential for economic growth in the country. This study's primary goal is to assess the required fruit standards in the case of Ethiopia by looking at the country's fresh fruit exports. The information was collected from Ethiopian fresh fruit growers using a purposive sampling technique and a standardized questionnaire. Additionally, descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation were used to evaluate the data in SPSS. The study in Ethiopia's findings demonstrated that the quality requirements that producers adhere to and the quality standards that customers seek are not mutually exclusive. Producers believe they are maintaining the quality of fresh fruits by routine monitoring, using appropriate inputs, using best agricultural practices, and planting new fruit trees. The table indicates that fresh fruit growers have attempted to use the necessary inputs.


The article is focused on the foreign war correspondents' views on the professional knowledge, skills and competencies of Russian military personnel in Manchuria during the RussianJapanese war of 1904–1905. The main sources for the research were the materials of representatives of British, German, French and Austro-Hungarian press published after their return from the theatre of war. Foreign witnesses of the Russian participation in the Russian-Japanese war of 1904–1905 in Manchuria tried to find the reasons for Japan's success, consequently the issues of professional competence of the Russian soldiers and officers often were in the focus of their attention. The author reviews the evaluation of military training of Russian cavalry, infantry and artillery, taking into consideration citizenship and professional experience of foreign observers. Changing attitudes of foreign journalists to these issues have received considerable attention. Comparison of views of the war correspondents shows a lot of similarities between them. Many witnesses noted insufficient professional knowledge and competencies of Russian soldiers and non-commissioned officers. The reason for this was low level of literacy among enlisted men. As for the officers, estimates of their professional knowledge, skills and competencies vary considerably. The main cause for this was heterogeneity of the officer corps in the early 20th century.


Hypothesis / aims of study Phytotherapeutic agents are very popular in many European contries as herbal remedies and represent up to 80% of all drugs prescribed for these disorders. Debruyne et al reported that Permixon○R (lipid-sterolic extract of SPE) and alpha1-blocker are equivalent in the medical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with BPH over 12 months. Nobiletin, is a polymethoxy flavonoid abundantly present in Citrus fuits, including shekwasha (Citrus depressa) produced in southern parts of Japan such as Okinawa. Current studies have shown that nobiletin exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic, antiatherosclerotic and antitumor activities. This study aimed to clarify the effect of a shekwasha extract containing nobiletin and tangeretin (called as nobiletin mixture), on urodynamic functions in anesthetized rat cystometry. Futhermore, the binding activity of nobiletin on muscarinic, alpha1-adrenergic and purinergic resceptors was examined.


Research has shown that benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common non-cancerous neoplasm (tissue growth or tumor) among American men. BPH, a chronic condition associated with increasing lower urinary tract symptoms, affects nearly 3 out of 4 men in their 70's. In addition, approximately 15% of all men suffer from symptoms of prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate) at some point during their lives, and recent epidemiologic data suggest that chronic prostatitis may be associated with an increased risk for development of both BPH and prostate cancer. Furthermore, prostate cancer ranks as the 3rd most common cancer in men worldwide and the 2nd leading cause of cancer deaths among men in the U.S.1-4


Neuropathophysiology research is receiving considerable attention. Studies have demonstrated that under oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated at high levels inducing cellular and DNA damage, thereby resulting in apoptosis of neuronal cells. This is implicated in the etiology of several neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. This study was undertaken to examine the role of glutathione as a Neuroprotective bioactive compound on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Assessment of DNA damage with the help of Comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis) and DNA fragmentation Assay were carried out on cultured SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The treatment with glutathione markedly attenuated hydrogen peroxide-induced cell viability loss and apoptotic neuronal cell death. These results provide evidence that glutathione may act as a significantly bioactive compound and support the possibility that it may be important in health and disease, and for protection against DNA damage by oxidative stress.


Abstract : The purpose of this effort was to model the dynamic response of the CH-47A helicopter to a crash impact using program KRASH and to correlate the results with data from a CH-47A crash impact test. An improved version of KRASH developed at Boeing Vertol was used for this purpose. This report contains details of the development of a CH-47A KRASH structural model, the pretest predictions, and the description of the CH-47A crash impact test data. Post-test improvements to the structural model to improve correlation with test data are discussed. Problems related to the computer program which arose during the course of the simulation and correlation efforts are discussed in detail. It is concluded that the use of KRASH for simulation of the dynamic response of helicopters to crash impact is currently limited. It is recommended that KRASH be improved in order for it to be useful as a design tool for the analysis of structural crashworthiness. (Author)


The Maphephetheni area is a unique area. First of all, it was the first rural area with Photovoltaic (PV) experience in KwaZulu-Natal. In 1996 a project was started by Solar Engineering Services to install Solar Home Systems (SHSs) in 50 households in this area. Secondly, Maphephetheni is now one of the few areas with both SHSs and grid accessibility. This survey investigated the experiences of households with access to both SHS and grid electricity. Specific objectives included comparing the usage of grid electricity and SHSs; to compare the daily lives of the households when using the SHS and using grid electricity; and to find out if a SHS is seen as an inferior energy source. All six households that qualified were interviewed, two households with grid electricity and a functioning SHS and 4 households with grid access but a non-functioning SHS. The survey was conducted through structured interviews of approximately one hour, with some space for unstructured discussion to express feelings about the usage of the different kinds of energy sources. There was a warm welcome in most of the families and they loved to talk about the subject. Results indicated that SHSs were not seen as inferior energy sources in the rural area of Maphephetheni. Half of the households preferred SHS to grid electricity, and all households were very content about the working of the SHS, while there were some complaints about the functioning of the grid. All those families who did not have a working SHS at the moment wanted it fixed. The households themselves did not have the feeling that much changed after they accessed the grid, but the equipment used with electricity increased, as did the number of lights in use. Refrigeration, cooking and bulk water heating changed slightly because most families already had a refrigerator before they accessed the grid (a move from gas to electricity), and cooking and water heating were still mostly done with paraffin. Kettles were now used for making tea.


This paper describes a formalization of agent-based models (ABMs) as random walks on regular graphs and relates the symmetry group of those graphs to a coarse-graining of the ABM that is still Markovian. An ABM in which $N$ agents can be in $\delta$ different states leads to a Markov chain with $\delta^N$ states. In ABMs with a sequential update scheme by which one agent is chosen to update its state at a time, transitions are only allowed between system configurations that differ with respect to a single agent. This characterizes ABMs as random walks on regular graphs. The non-trivial automorphisms of those graphs make visible the dynamical symmetries that an ABM gives rise to because sets of micro configurations can be interchanged without changing the probability structure of the random walk. This allows for a systematic loss-less reduction of the state space of the model.


This study aims to examine the influence of students' usage and attitudinal factors related to Information and communication technology (ICT) social media on students' collaborative problem-solving performance across five Asian countries. Variables concerned social media usage from different types, i.e., emails, instant-messaging software, social network sites, and for different purposes, i.e., recreational use and academic use within different contextual factors provided by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLMs) was applied to analyze this relationship between ICT-based social media factors and students' collaborative problem-solving performance among Asian young teenagers. A total of 46,268 participants from 1,265 schools across five Asian countries were extracted from PISA 2015 database. Three significant findings were indicated as follows, (1) students' usage and attitudinal factors related to ICT-based social media do have made significant contributions on their collaborative problem-solving performance; (2) the effects of ICT-based social media can be varied in terms of different types of social media and its usage for different purposes; (3) students with interests in ICT-based social media tended to have significantly positive influence on their collaborative problem-solving performance. These findings shed lights on the optimization and promotion of educational technology assist learning, creating greater access to quality education.


This study focuses on decentralized applications for face verification system Humanity exploits biometric characteristics for identification for over a few thousand years. The properties of biometrics make them perfect for our purpose. Biometric characteristics of a human are unique and do not change. The augmented usage of cameras and the distribution among the majority of the population made industries utilize them more efficiently. These two factors made us choose face recognition for verification. Face recognition is a buzz word in technology these days. It is an accurate method that requires no movement of the user. Face recognition has evolved so much that it does not require a special background environment or special representation of a face. Thus, face recognition is the perfect choice. There are, though, some sensitive matters regarding the system. Biometric characteristics should be very well protected, as they do not change. The burst of blockchain technology and the sense of decentralization forced us in that direction. Decentralization could not be used in any submission, but where it can be applied it offers a secure user-oriented environment. Decentralized applications and blockchain opened a new era.
The purpose of this thesis is due to the build of a login system with face recognition to explore the scientific area and the machine learning algorithms it includes. The application buttresses the neural network trend, using an alternation of AlexNet for the face recognition task. Furthermore, we explore smart contracts Ethereum and blockchain technology building a decentralized data repository. That way we ensure the decentralization of the application, as it needs no central authority to perform.
Face verification has some several steps, each one having their algorithms. The first four chapters analyze these steps. They begin with preprocessing, a stage forgotten by many. We have presented four algorithms, Histogram Equalization, SQI, Tan & Trigg's algorithm and a preprocess with LBP. In the following chapter, we investigate the algorithms for face detection. The analysis begins with some outdated methods as color segmentation, geometric features matching. They are not primarily in use today, but they can assist a system and we would like to honor them as the first steps of face detection. Also, template matching could be added to this category, with the difference that it is still used in tasks where available time and computational power are very limited. Afterwards, we present the crucial work of Viola and Jones and the HoG algorithm. The latter is chosen to be the algorithm of that phase in the application. An intermediate chapter before face recognition is facial landmarks detection and affine transformation. We reviewed the categories of algorithms and choose to present only the holistic-based approach. From the deformable templates, we presented the most underlying algorithm AAM. We intensify our attention on the cascade regressor algorithms. From this category we chose the fundamental ESR and the prevalent alternation ERT. Finally, the last chapter which occurs with computer vision and face is the face recognition. There you will find the classic algorithms PCA(Eigenface), LDA (Fisherface) and LBPH. Moreover, there is an extensive analysis of neural networks and especial CNNs. Chapter 6 includes the basic theory needed to understand how blockchain, Bitcoin and Ethereum works. We do not dive in the specific details of the networks as it is not the scope for this thesis. Eventually, in chapter 8 we present our implementation describing detailed how it works and why we made some choices. In the last two chapters you will find some results of the algorithms for observation and a conclusion including future work.


The purpose of this study is investigating the effects of combination of policosanol intake and combined exercise to the defence mechanism and the changes of fat cell control hormones by analyzing the changes of inflammatory markers LDH and CPK, and Leptin when having policosanol intake and combined exercise together against obese women for 12 week. These groups are randomly assigned to the control group, policosanol intake group, combined exercise group and combined treatment group with 12 obese women in esch group and they performed muscular resistance exercise and an aerobic exercise which was walking twice a week. After 12 weeks the LDH showed significant differences(p


The invention discloses lithium-ion battery electrolyte with high fire retardant and electrochemical properties and a preparation method thereof. The lithium-ion battery electrolyte contains a solvent, lithium salt, a fire retardant and additives. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, dissolving the lithium salt into an organic solvent to obtain electrolyte with the concentration of 0.8-1.2mol/L; and S2, adding the fire retardant and additives to obtain fire retardant electrolyte, wherein the mass percentage content of the fire retardant accounts for 10-50% of the total mass of the fire retardant electrolyte, and the usage amount of the additive accounts for 1-10% of the total mass of the electrolyte. The lithium-ion battery electrolyte with high fire retardant and electrochemical properties has the advantages that the additive is added in the electrolyte for a lithium ion battery, and meanwhile, an additive or an additive composition which can prevent the fire retardant from degrading electrochemical properties of the electrolyte is added, so that the electrolyte has fire retardant property or noninflammability, and the security of the battery is improved; meanwhile, the influence on the electrochemical properties of the battery caused by the fire retardant is overcome, so that the properties of the battery are excellent.


FDI refers to capital inflows from abroad that are invested in or to enhance the production capacity of the  economy. Despite globalization, the essential role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in economic development has not changed. However, many mechanisms and dynamics of FDI- assisted development have changed: there is greater variation in the kinds of FDI, the benefits each offers, and the manner in which each interacts with the host economy. FDIseenas an important catalyst for economic growth in the developing countries,


The research has been done in Bolaang Mongondow. The aim of the research are to know the comparative advantage of coffee in Bolaang Mongondow North Sulawesi which is analized by Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRCR) value and to know the input and output price changes and its impact to the coffee farming comparative advantage. The area of research is selected by purposive method in Bolaang-Mongondow Regencies which are the production centre of coffee. The primarydata are collected through interview with 20 coffee farmers while the secondary data are gained from related institutions. Descriptive analysis using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was implemented in the research to know the comparative advantage value. Sensitivity analysis is used to determine the impact of prices changing to Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRCR). The result shows that coffee farming in Bolaang Mongondow has a comparative advantage which is indicated by the value of DRCR 0,0791. Both Private and Social benefit value are profitable. The p rivate benefit is Rp.5.821.590 and social benefit is Rp. 5.525.338.


final section can be read as thoughtful overviews of where China stands in its quest for innovation. The book represents the work of a well-schooled economist, and the analysis reflects the methods and foci of her discipline. Readers interested in the broader historical and political contexts of China's path to innovation may therefore feel some disappointment. Little is said, for instance, about the legacy of technological capabilities from the Maoist era and, more importantly, the role of national security and techno-nationalist influences on determining the Chinese path. While reference is made to the economic reforms, the complex challenges of reforming the science and technology institutions receive only limited attention. Chinese policies for science and innovation are treated quite selectively, with virtually nothing said about the role of national R&D programmes which have been so important in channelling (with mixed results, to be sure) government support for innovation. Although the book contains case material, the contexts in which the cases are analysed are not explored. For instance, in the interesting chapter on fibre optical cable, one wonders whether Western export controls played a role in limiting the availability of core technologies and thus became a driver of Chinese policy to support indigenous efforts. In the PV solar case, we are told that the leading Chinese companies were R&D intensive, but no mention is made of government programmes in supporting enterprise R&D. More often than not, when Fu writes about the "role of government," she is focused mainly on the role of state-owned enterprises, a subject of importance to be sure, but hardly the complete story of China's state directed research and innovation policies. Fu's chapter on the role of universities offers original insights into their functions in assisting enterprises in absorbing foreign technology. However, the activities of foreign companies in supporting university research and the collaborations between university-based scientists in China and scientists at leading universities abroad, especially those in the US, are not addressed in spite of the fact that both have significantly enhanced the role of Chinese universities as agents of innovation. Thus, the "path" is not completely "marked." But, by bringing together in one place a series of suggestive technical papers which add depth to our understanding of the different phases of China's post-Mao technological development, and by synthesizing aspects of the wider discourse on the "path to innovation," the volume is a useful contribution to the rapidly expanding literature on innovation in China.


The historical significance and architectural splendour of Hatra are widely acclaimed. The site is a walled Arab city in Northern Mesopotamia with extraordinarily well-preserved monuments dating back to the 2nd and 3rd centuries A.D. The aim of our project is to collect, organize and preserve the huge amount of data already generated by archaeological researches on the site. The material to be catalogued comprises graphic, photographic and written documents about the site's topography, architecture, excavations, restorations and finds. It is thus essential to design a DB with an open architecture and integrable with other types of information (such as cartography, plans, photos). The archives must be entered in a GIS platform in order to organize the enormous and heterogeneous amount of data and render them easily accessible. Data analysis will furnish a more complete picture of the history of Hatra and show where information is lacking. It will also enable an estimate to be made of the damage that has already occurred and the present threats, so that appropriate measures for its future safeguarding and management can be planned.


This work represents not only a forensic analysis into the Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial but also a rough idea of the current state of the educative institution, as a participant institution in the processing, transmission, or storage of information related to credit cards, in the application of the standard Payment Card Industry – Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS), which has the purpose of reducing credit card fraud and increasing data security. An evaluation based on the requisites set by the standard was previously done to determine the level of attainment of the institution on a general level to all the controls of the norm PCI – DSS, taking in consideration that this standard consists of physical, logical, and documental controls. A potential research of credit card data was then done as this was the most important task since the main focus of the standard is the protection of credit card data that has been processed, stored, or transmitted through the internet. OpenSource tools were used to identify non-encoded and unencrypted credit card data that was trafficking through the LAN; it was then determined that the Institution does not comply with several requisites of the norm. Finally, a plan of action based on the standards was made to be executed within the University and to manage the identified risks.


In this paper, a three-step magnetic annealing process is used to linearize magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with two exchange pinning layers: one used to strongly pin the reference synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) and the other one used to weakly pin the magnetic sensing layer. With respect to a more conventional two-step annealing process, the advantage of the three annealing cycle is to provide independent control over the three relevant internal fields, which apart from the demagnetizing field, control the linear response of large area/low aspect ratio MTJs: the sensing layer soft pinning field (SL-Hex), the sensing layer uniaxial anisotropy field (SL-Hk), and the reference layer strong pinning field (RL-Hex). As a result of the three annealing process, a configuration, where SL-Hk and SL-Hex point both in a direction orthogonal to RL-Hex, can be achieved resulting in very good linearity and low coercivity without compromising the sensitivity of the devices, as desired for applications, such as magnetocardiography that targets the detection of magnetic fields in the pT/Hz0.5 range at room temperature and low frequencies within the 1/f noise.


A series of polyimides has been synthesized by solution polycondensation reaction at high temperature of benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) with various aromatic diamines containing two ether bridges or bulky units such as hexafluoroisopropylidene (6F) or fluorene groups. Their solubility, film forming ability and thermal stability have been evaluated and compared with related conventional polyimides based on pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA).


The aim of this paper is to assert and - if possible- to demonstrate, two simple concepts. The first one assigns to libraries the role of gateway instead of place of reading. Libraries help, above anything else, to search, find, uncover, take and collate texts that will be later read elsewhere, if necessary, and they are only marginally and residually institutions devoted to reading in loco and to promote reading tout court. The second one warns about a too narrow definition of reading. Nowadays there are so many ways to read, and one has to pay attention not to classificate as non reading things that are likely alternative ways of reading. Among them there are one, the reference reading, which is particularly linked to libraries.


Full adder is an important component for designing a processor. As the complexity of the circuit increases, the speed of operation becomes a major concern. Nowadays there are various architectures that exist for full adders. In this paper we will discuss about designing a low power and high speed full adder using Gate Diffusion Input technique. GDI is one of the present day methods through which one can design logical circuits. This technique will reduce power consumption, propagation delay, and area of digital circuits as well as maintain low complexity of logic design. The performance of the proposed design is compared with the contemporary full adder designs.


5G construction is in the ascendant and at the same time the construction and layout of 6G have been recently started. In the 6G era, many new technologies and new methods will be applied, and 6G will also meet new application scenarios and usage requirements. This paper introduces and analyzes the key candidate technologies and application scenarios brought by the sixth-generation mobile communication, which has construction and guiding significance.


The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is widely used in numerical simulations of acoustic fields. When the size of the model is too large, the amount of the grid points in the computational region is correspondingly huge, then the simulation will cost a lot of calculation time using CPU in a serial program. In this paper we use the graphic processing unit (GPU) to solve this problem. First, we use GPU to accelerate the numerical simulation of 2D second-order FDTD for the fluid medium model and get a 50-time speedup. Then we accelerate a 3-D model in horizontally layered isotropic medium and obtain a 10-time speedup. Based on this research, we can use GPU to accelerate simulations of more complicated models with MPI or OpenMP.


Were the ordinary citizens of imperial metropoles during the 19th and 20th centuries arduous supporters or apathetic observers of their country's colonial expansionism, or did their relationship to ...


Integrating parallel and distributed computing (PDC) topics in core computing courses is a topic of increasing interest for educators. However, there is a question of how best to introduce PDC to undergraduates. Several educators have proposed the use of "unplugged activities", such as role-playing dramatizations and analogies, to introduce PDC concepts. Yet, unplugged activities for PDC are widely-scattered and often difficult to find, making it challenging for educators to create and incorporate unplugged interventions in their classrooms. The PDCunplugged project seeks to rectify these issues by providing a free repository where educators can find and share unplugged activities related to PDC. The existing curation contains nearly forty unique unplugged activities collected from thirty years of the PDC literature and from all over the Internet, and maps each activity to relevant CS2013 PDC knowledge units and TCPP PDC topic areas. Learn more about the project at pdcunplugged.org.


Measurements of electric field fluctuations, Reynolds stress and poloidal flow have been performed in the boundary region of the HT-7 tokamak using a Langmuir probe array. Sheared radial electric field and poloidal flow have been found in the vicinity of the limiter and the turbulence has been clearly modified in this region. Furthermore, the electrostatic Reynolds stress component shows a radial gradient close to the velocity shear layer location. All results here indicate that the radial gradient of Reynolds stress may play an important role in the driving of poloidal flows in the plasma boundary region.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are linked to the self‐association of β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), respectively. We have shown that IAPP‐GI, a soluble IAPP analogue and mimic of nonamyloidogenic and nontoxic IAPP, binds Aβ with high affinity and blocks its cytotoxic self‐assembly and fibrillogenesis. We have also shown that IAPP and Aβ interact with each other into nonfibrillar and nontoxic heterocomplexes that suppress cytotoxic self‐association by both polypeptides. The Aβ–IAPP interaction might thus be a molecular link between AD and T2D. We studied the role of individual IAPP‐GI and IAPP regions in their inhibitory function on Aβ40 self‐association and cytotoxicity. We found that the presence of the two hot‐spot regions of the Aβ–IAPP interaction interface in IAPP(8–28) is not sufficient for inhibitory function and that, in addition to IAPP(8–28), the presence of the N‐terminal region IAPP(1–7) is absolutely required. By contrast, the C‐terminal region, IAPP(30–37), is not required although its presence together with IAPP(1–7) in IAPP‐GI results in a marked enhancement of the inhibitory effect as compared to IAPP(1–28)‐GI. We suggest that the inhibitory effect of IAPP‐GI and IAPP on Aβ40 fibrillogenesis and cell toxicity is mediated primarily by interactions involving the hot regions of the Aβ–IAPP interaction interface and the N terminus of IAPP while a concerted and likely structure‐stabilizing action of the N‐ and C‐terminal IAPP regions potentiates this effect. These results identify important molecular determinants of the amyloid suppressing function of the Aβ40–IAPP interaction and could contribute to the design of novel inhibitors of Aβ40 aggregation and cell degeneration.


This work deals with design and application questions of context-redefined computer lan-guages for new information technologies. Realization problems of such languages are discussed for intelligent learning agents (ILA), which applied for solving of resource consumption behavior pre-diction tasks in communal services. Additional attention for implementing functions conversion methods was charged. The same approach can be used for another task solution too. Intelligent agent has complicated actions, which is defined by environment interaction and by internal states forming. As a result there are problems of intelligent agents design: search and formation of learning algorithms for intelligent agent; variation and invasion of these algorithms into the own intelligent agent. The article deals with the second problem. The approach is in the application of context-redefined language and it support system for problem solution. We concentrate attention to princi-pal unpredicted changing of source function algorithms. The main part of the intelligent learning agent is performance element. There are six compo-nents of agent performance element [1]. All of them are discussed from the context-redefined lan-guage use point of view. We interested in the conditions and methods context forming for every component of per-formance element. And we pay extra attention to methods of constructive function interpretation, which can be varied or can be also changed. Main idea is to extract changing parts of component algorithms and organize proper interac-tion between every part and the context which can change it directly or indirectly. As a result, re-quired adaptive algorithm variation takes place on the base of obtained knowledge. One of the proper tasks is in forming this process during real time functioning of ILA.


PT PLN (Persero) East Java Distribution Unit conducts organizational culture transformation programs, employee engagement, and quality of work life for employees with the aim to forming an employee work culture that is in line with core values, fostering strong emotional relationships towards work, and increase employee loyalty to the company, so as to increase employee contribution in order to support continuous improvement of employee performance. This type of research is causal explanatory research. The population in this study were all employees 166 people, the sampling technique used the Slovin method (error 5%) in order to obtain 117 respondents. The data analysis technique used is the validity test, reliability test, and the coefficient of determination. The hypothesis test used is multiple linear regression in the form of the F test and t test. This research was conducted in the city of Surabaya with a research sample of PT PLN (Persero) East Java Distribution Unit. The conclusion proved that organizational culture, employee engagement, and quality of work life partially or simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance. Suggestions regarding this research are organizational culture, employee engagement, and quality of work life are still the company's main concerns.


Simultaneous radiotherapy and chemotherapy improve survival in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma compared to radiotherapy alone. Addition of cetuximab (an anti-EGFR antibody) to radiotherapy combined with cetuximab also improves survival. Postoperative (adjuvant) radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy improves (disease-free) survival in patients with a microscopically incomplete resection and/or extracapsular spread of nodal disease compared to adjuvant radiotherapy alone. We previously published our experience with primary radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the period 1998–2002. We found an overall long-term survival of 30–40%. Since then, we adjusted the following: all patients receiving primary radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy receive nutritional support using a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)-tube tube; radiotherapy technique has changed; patients unfit for radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy receive radiotherapy combined with cetuximab; radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy and occasionally radiotherapy combined with cetuximab are also given in the adjuvant setting. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility, effectiveness and toxicity of radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy or cetuximab in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated in our institute between 2008 and 2010 and to compare the results with the updated data of the previous cohort. Patients and methods


In this paper, new configurations with two gap-coupled triangular microstrip antennas and its compact version have been investigated at S band. The gap coupled configuration yields 2.38 times and compact gap coupled configuration gives 2.65 times BW as compared to that of a corresponding equilateral triangular microstrip antenna (ETMSA). The area reduction for the latter configuration is by factor of 2.05 as compared to an ETMSA


This essay provides a brief overview of the modern historiography on the problem of Soviet Belarusization in the BSSR in the interwar period. The article analyzes the scientific works of Belarusian, Russian, and foreign historians of the last few decades. The focus is on the views of historians on the goals and objectives of Belarusization, its driving forces, the stages that it has passed, and the reasons and consequences of its termination and curtailment. At the same time, special attention is paid to the Belarusization of the school education system. In modern historiography, Belarusization is considered from two points of view. Firstly, in a broad sense, it is understood as a national policy in general, consistent with the specific conditions of the BSSR. Secondly, in a narrow sense, as national-cultural construction in the republic, or national-cultural revival. As shown in the essay, despite the fact that the Soviet Belarusization was a significant phenomenon in the entire socio-political life of Belarus in the 1920s and 1930s, and reflected the processes of national- state and national-cultural construction in the republic, historical analysis of this problem still remains on the periphery of the research interests of modern Belarusian historians. The same applies to the creation of Belarusian national schools in the years of the policy of Belarusization.


Abstract : This paper discusses a second generation microprocessor-based prototype system to acquire, analyze, and store selected environmental and physiological data from a pilot during flight. The Aircrew Inflight Physiological Data Acquisition System (IFPDAS) II consists of an input multiplexer and analog-to-digital converter, a heart rate detector, a microprocessor, and a permanent memory device. The microprocessor's operating system monitors eight sensors, extracts desired information, and stores these reduced in permanent memory. After the flight these data are transferred to a land-based computer which completes the data processing and graphs the following environmental and physiological information versus flight time: (1) cabin absolute pressure, (2) cabin altitude, (3) Z-G's, (4) heart rate, (5) breathing rate, (6) minute ventilation volume, (7) inspired oxygen quantity, and (8) expired oxygen quantity. The completed IFPDAS II prototype provides the desired information well within the required accuracy.


After ingestion of moulded beet pulp silage, cases of cerebro-cortical necrosis (CCN) and mortalities were observed in a dual purpose Belgian Blue (BB) herd. Contamination with Paecilomyces spp., a mould that produces byssochlamic acid, malformins and patulin, was proven. Twenty-five days after progressive introduction of beet pulp silage into the ration, most of the animals showed diminished appetite, excessive salivation and decreased milk production. Some of them showed anorexia, head pressing and blindness while 4 animals died within 1 week after onset of neurological symptoms. The survivors had been treated successfully with thiamine and recovered completely within five days. Once the beet pulp silage had been identified as causative agent, it was removed from the animals' ration and no more clinical cases were observed. Silage was obviously moulded and analysis revealed the presence of 1.6 million CFU Paecilomyces spp./g of silage. Although no further investigation was undertaken to identify the mycotoxins, intoxication with patulin was suspected, since other mycotoxins produced by these species are less toxic. Although it has not been described that CCN can be induced by ingestion of Paecilomyces spp., it seems that there is a close relation between ingestion of Paecilomyces-contaminated silage and clinical signs observed in this herd.


xi In the V irg in ia C ity mining d is t r ic t , pre-Belt gneisses and the Late Cretaceous g ran itic Browns Gulch stock host numerous quartz vein systems. Hypogene m ineralization is c h ie fly goldand silver-bearing base-metal su lfides. The U.S. Grant 3 -level vein system, N40o-50°E; 35o-50°NW, 0.3 to 5.0 m wide, is contained in a shear zone exhibiting about 10 m of syn-ore r ig h t-la te ra l movement. The vein system is composed of elongate quartz lenses, quartz s tringers , tabular quartz bodies, and variable amounts of crushed and altered gneiss. Altered wall rock gneiss exhibits early potassic a lte ra tio n (microcline and possibly quartz) arid a subsequent propyli t i c assemblage (carbonate, p y rite , quartz, c h lo rite , other p h y llo s ilic a tes , and a z e o lite ? ). Posta lte ra tio n m ineralization occurs as p y r ite , followed by variable amounts of contemporaneous galena, sphalerite , chalcopyrite, sparse te tra h e d rite , and rare specular (?) hematite. A dd itionally , some ( la te s t) sphalerite replaces p y r ite , galena, and chalcopyrite. Observable gold is very ra re . Quartz deposition is p re -, syn-, and post-sulfide m ineralization. The V irg in ia C ity d is t r ic t is one of several d is tr ic ts in the Tobacco Root precious-metal mining region. The region is cored by the 77-72 m.y. old quartz monzonite Tobacco Root batho lith . A regional zoning is present with respect to the batholith in the form of low s ilv e r-to -g o ld and high copper-to-s ilver ratios near the batho lith , and high s ilve r-to -g o ld and low copper-to-s ilver ratios far.from the batholith (V irg in ia C ity d is t r ic t ) . I t is proposed that ores of the d is t r ic t are of Latest Cretaceous to Early T ertia ry age (70-60 m .y .B .P .), based on the occurrence of deposits in the Late Cretaceous Browns Gulch stock, the crosscutting of the El Fleeda 4-level vein system by a 51 m.y. old andesite plug, . and the regional zoning with respect to the batho lith . An epithermal precious-metal genesis model has been applied to the ores of the d is t r ic t . A geothermal convection ce ll powered by heat from Late Cretaceous plutonism, produced large-scale regional circulation, of hydrothermal flu id s a t shallow crustal le ve ls . These flu id s collected (remobilized ? ), transported, and deposited the ore constituents.


Nature is a source of inspiration for the self-assembly of functional molecular nanoarchitectures based on intermolecular bonds. This work investigates the self-assembly of molecules (i) polyacryli...


Dexmedetomidine (DEX) can protect the lung from ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The aims of this study were to determine whether DEX attenuates lung injury following lower extremity I/R and to investigate the related toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. Twenty‐eight SD rats were divided into four groups (n = 7): Sham, I/R, I/R + DEX (25 μg/kg prior to ischemia), and I/R + DEX + Atip (250 μg/kg atipamezole before DEX treatment). Lower extremity I/R was induced by left femoral artery clamping for 3 hours and followed by 2 hours reperfusion. Quantitative alveolar damage and the wet/dry (W/D) ratio were calculated. Interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the lung were measured. The TLR4 and MyD88 mRNA expression levels were measured by RT‐PCR, nuclear factor (NF)‐κB, and phosphorylated NF‐κB by western blot, respectively. Quantitative alveolar damage, W/D ratio, MPO, BALF and serum IL‐1, IL‐6, and TNF‐α, and TLR4, MyD88, NF‐κB, and p‐NF‐κB expression significantly increased in the I/R group relative to the Sham group. DEX preconditioning significantly reduced lung edema, and histological injury relative to the I/R group. Serum and BALF IL‐1, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels, MPO activity and TLR4, MyD88, NF‐κB, and p‐NF‐κB expression were also significantly reduced in the I/R + DEX group compared with the I/R group. Atipamezole partially reversed all the aforementioned effects. DEX preconditioning protects the lungs against lower extremity I/R injury via α2‐adrenoceptor‐dependent and α2‐adrenoceptor‐independent mechanisms. It also suppresses the TLR4 pathway and reduces inflammation.


The economic fluctuation of the United States,the world′s largest economy,has a significant impact on many countries.Basing on the quarterly data in 1999-2009 and the Vector Autoregressive model(VAR),we reach these conclusions: China′s exports to the U.S.trade has obvious conduction in the China-US economic fluctuations,but there will be the conduction delay of half a year,its significant conduction time is about one and a half years,and the later conduction is not obvious;In China-US economic fluctuations conduction of China import from U.S.,there will be a delay of one year,after which there will be a conduction period of six months,but the transmission is significantly lower than the conduction of China′s exports to U.S.;The transmission function of U.S.direct investment in China and China′s direct investment in U.S.are not significant in both the long term and the short term.


Evidence has been produced by a number of workers (Branion, Guyatt & Kay, 1931; Jacobson, 1933; Guyatt, Kay & Branion, 1933; Kay & Skill, 1934; Duncan & Miller, 1936) that the addition of beryllium carbonate to the diet of animals decreases the absorption of phosphorus from the intestine. Since it is thought that a considerable proportion of the P absorbed from the intestine is absorbed as orthophosphate, it has been suggested that when beryllium carbonate is added to the diet absorption of P is limited owing to the formation of insoluble beryllium phosphate. However, a considerable amount of the P of cereal foodstuffs is present as phytate which must be hydrolysed before absorption of P can take place. Lowe & Steenbock (1936) compared the total and inorganic P content of faeces of rats on a diet containing phytate with the total and inorganic P content of the faeces of rats on an identical diet to which 3 % beryllium carbonate had been added and concluded that the hydrolysis of phytate in the gastro-intestinal tract of the rat was greatly diminished by beryllium carbonate. Thus, it seems that two factors may contribute to the reduced P absorption: a precipitation of orthophosphate and a reduction in phytate hydrolysis. In a series of experiments already reported (Moore & Tyler, 1955a, b) the intestinal absorption and excretion of Ca and P in the pig were investigated. The technique used was essentially that of Bergeim (1926), in which animals were slaughtered at different times after feeding and the contents of the various sections of the gastro-intestinal tract analysed. Incidentally to the main study it was decided to investigate the mode of action of beryllium carbonate in decreasing the absorption of P from the intestine of the pig, since the above technique seemed particularly well suited to the problem.


This study evaluated how Evidence Based-Practice (EBP) knowledge, attitudes, and individual differences could predict EBP behaviors in a sample of health providers. A cross-sectional design was used to collect data using a sample of convenience of 132 Puerto Rican mental health providers between 24-80 years of age. An evidence-based professional practice scale (EBPP-S) and a socio-demographic form were utilized. Knowledge of EBP, provider's age, and holding a doctoral degree were the strongest predictors of EBP behaviors. The educational and health ramifications of the findings are discussed.


Innovation and entrepreneurship is the soul of entrepreneurship, and realizing the integration of innovation and entrepreneurship education and collaborative experiment platform in colleges and universities is an important way to promote the development of entrepreneurship and facilitate higher quality employment. In this paper, the authors propose the 3D-IVF intelligent sensor overlay algorithm wisdom laboratory system structure and application mode through in-depth investigation of collaborative laboratory, build the macroenvironment and construction demand of collaborative experiment management platform of innovation and entrepreneurship education, comprehensively analyze the current situation, problems, and effectiveness of its integration of innovation and entrepreneurship education and professional education. In addition, we explore the operation mechanism of its organizational system, curriculum system, management system, and platform construction in the practice of integrating innovation and entrepreneurship education with professional education. The average coverage rate of the 3D-IVF-based 3D coverage algorithm is 92.15%, and the deployment time is 2.5857 s; the average coverage rate is improved by 0.76%, and the deployment time is reduced by 0.1712 s. Design FIR filter using MATLAB and Hilbert transform filter, generate HDL code, and implement it on FPGA. Use the designed low-pass and band-pass filters to filter the 100 KHz square wave signal sampled by the ADC. When the number of iterations of the algorithm reaches 30, the coverage rates of the four-node deployment strategies will stabilize, i.e., the forces between the nodes of the 3D-VF-based 3D coverage algorithm of this paper. The equilibrium state is reached. We use resources and real-time experimental data sharing to realize collaborative design among team members, further optimize the curriculum structure of innovation and entrepreneurship education, adopt diversified forms of curriculum implementation, and implement a diversified curriculum evaluation system, etc.


It focuses on the fore crack in the bottom lower-beam of 80 MN hydraulic press. The model of finite-element was built to analysis the field of stress that the cracks are or not in all lower-beam of 80 MN hydraulic press. The result of calculation offers scientific basis to draft a program and to prevent the emergency happening.


A method for operating a fuel injection system for an at least one cylinder having internal combustion engine, each cylinder, an actuator for injecting fuel into the cylinder assigned by charging or discharging the actuator at least and wherein the injection of fuel into at least two chronologically successive, programmed injection phases is carried out is characterized in that the time is at least one of the at least one actuator caused preinjection speed dependent substantially simultaneously with a effected by the at least one actuator main injection programmed.


The plant species visited by Apis mellifera L. were surveyed by pollen analysis in Santa Luzia do Parua municipality, located in northwestern Maranhao state. Natural vegetation is Amazon rainforest, mean annual temperature varies between 26°C and 27°C, relative air humidity between 79 and 82%, and total rainfall between 2000 and 2400 mm. This study was conducted from August 2005 to July 2006 in three apiaries of the region, with monthly sampling of honey, pollen and plants. The samples were analyzed by the acetolysis method. The pollen types were identified and counted in honey samples to determine mean frequency of the three apiaries. In the pollen samples, pollen types were identified by comparison with the pollen of plants (flower buds) deposited in the reference collection. The main plant families used as floral resource by A. mellifera are Amaranthaceae, Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Urticaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae-Mimosoideae, Flacourtiaceae, Myrtaceae, Poaceae and Rubiaceae. In the honey samples, the pollen types of Mimosa pudica, Borreria and members of the Arecaceae family were most important during the rainy season. At harvest time (transition between rainy and dry season), Hyptis, Borreria, and an undetermined pollen type of the Asteraceae family were most important. The pollen types that show major constancy in the sample pollen were Euterpe oleracea, Asteraceae type 1, Mimosa pudica and Borreria.


This paper investigates the information content of futures option prices when the futures price is regulated while the futures option price itself is not. The New York Board of Trade provides the empirical setting for this type of dichotomy in regulation. Most commodity derivatives markets regulate prices of all derivatives on a particular commodity simultaneously. NYBOT has taken an almost unique position by imposing daily price limits on their futures contracts while leaving the options prices on these futures contracts unconstrained. The study takes a particular interest in the volatility and futures prices of the options-implied risk neutral density when the underlying futures contract is locked limit.


In a climate control system (1) for a vehicle, comprising at least one refrigerant circuit (2), at least one temperature control circuit (3, 7, 8, 90, 100, 110) for controlling the temperature of a vehicle inner chamber (4), and at least one vehicle component (6, 600, 601), in particular of an electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle, at least one device (42) for absorbing heat from the temperature control circuit (3, 7, 8, 90, 100, 110) and at least one device (21) for releasing heat to the temperature control circuit (3, 7, 8, 90, 100, 110) are provided. In a method for controlling the temperature of vehicle components using at least one refrigerant circuit (2) and at least one temperature control circuit (3, 7, 8, 90, 100, 110), heat is absorbed from the temperature control circuit into the refrigerant circuit on the low-pressure side of the refrigerant circuit, and heat is released to the temperature control circuit by the refrigerant circuit on the high-pressure side of the refrigerant circuit.


Computer-aided analysis and design (CAD) software tools for electromagnetic structures have become indispensable for microwave engineers in industry and academia. It is almost customary to gradually forget or underestimate the significance of items we use on an everyday basis, and CAD tools have not escaped this rule either. In line with Edward Teller's aphorism that "a state-of-the-art calculation requires 100 hours of CPU time on the state-of-the-art computer, independent of the decade," users will always seek a better and faster modeling package. However, it is hard to imagine where the microwave engineering world would be had integral and differential equationbased methods for Maxwell's equations not taken the long road that leads from basic research to commercialization. The evolution of techniques such as the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), the finite element method (FEM), the finite integration technique (FIT), the transmission-line matrix (TLM), as well as integral-equation-based solvers from subjects of academic research to software products has enabled microwave engineers to explore and design circuit topologies of unprecedented complexity and performance. This evolution is a technology transfer success story, which brought and continues to bring useful and robust modeling tools to thousands of end users in the microwave community. The significant impact of this technology transfer can be measured by the large number of microwave circuit products whose design is enabled by advanced simulators; by the research breakthroughs of graduate students, their innovative work being empowered by CAD tools; and by the excitement of undergraduate students when they access electromagnetic software packages to get involved with real-life microwave design projects.


The present invention relates to a hot-melt adhesive composition for bookbinding, and more particularly to a hot-melt adhesive composition for bookbinding comprising a polyol, methylene diphenyl isocyanate, a thermoplastic rubber, a pressure-sensitive adhesive resin, a plasticizer, a defoamer, an antioxidant and a UV stabilizer. The hot-melt adhesive composition for bookbinding comprising the above components is excellent in temperature resistance, maintains its physical properties even at low temperatures, and is excellent in abrasion resistance, impact resistance and flexibility so that the bound book can be spread 360 ° without departing from the long- The effect of not binding the bookbinding machine in the bookbinding process.


Report from Sergeant of Police H. H. Stringer to Chief of Police J. E. Curry, describing his participation in the arrest of Lee Harvey Oswald.


Use is subject to license terms. This distribution may include materials developed by third parties. This product is covered and controlled by U.S. Export Control laws and may be subject to the export or import laws in other countries. Nuclear, missile, chemical biological weapons or nuclear maritime end uses or end users, whether direct or indirect, are strictly prohibited. Export or reexport to countries subject to U.S. embargo or to entities identified on U.S. export exclusion lists, including, but not limited to, the denied persons and specially designated nationals lists is strictly prohibited.


Objective To determine pathological typ e of the acetabulum in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Methods The anterior, posterior and lateral images of hip in 54 patients (male 12, female 42) with DDH (76 hips) were analyzed using 3D-CT reconstructive technique. The mean age was 4.54 years (4 months~16 years). There were included the left hip (14), left hip with aseptic necrosis o f femoral head (2), right hip (6), bilateral hips (22) and bilateral with open r eduction on opposite side ( 8) . All cases were divided into operative group and non-operative group. The former were subdivided into three groups. Results Three principal types were found in this series, which were named as edge defect, maldirection and false acetabulum formation. 5 posteriolateral edge defects was found in DDH. No significant difference existed between the two patient groups. Conclusions Previous treatment did not affect the distrib u tion of pathological type of the acetabulum in DDH. 3-D reconstruction techniqu e is helpful to acquire valuable information in planning strategy of treatment.


Asthma and allergic diseases are heterogeneous. Measurement of biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) may help to discriminate between different phenotypes and may assist with clinical prognostication.


A stochastic distributed feedback mechanism is proposed to account for the experimental results (blue shift of the wavelength, reduction of the threshold) on the lasing of a dye in a liquid crystal matrix. It is shown that this mechanism involves scattering by inhomogeneous fluctuations of the order and provides a correct quantitative description of the experimental data.


We investigate the optical absorption properties of colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets and compare them to CdSe quantum dots. Starting from inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) measurements on their intrinsic absorption coefficients μi, we compare these results with a theoretical approach by a continuum absorption Lorentz local field model. We show that the platelets' intrinsic absorption coefficients μi are strongly thickness and aspect ratio dependent, which results in the possibility to tune the absorption properties of this material class by the lateral size and thickness. The continuum intrinsic absorbance of the platelets is considerably larger if compared with quantum dots making them more efficient absorbers with higher light–matter interaction that is essential for their use in, for example, solar cells. The obtained μi values can be used for concentration determination of CdSe nanoplatelets in solution and solid films which is essential for all optical experiments with con...


Application of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), a synthetic cytokinin, to the growth medium in vitro stimulates the formation of adventitious shoots on stem explants of Anagallis arvensis . They regenerate from dedifferentiating epidermal cells of stem internodes. The process starts from periclinal and anticlinal divisions in a few of neighbouring cells. The amount of adven-titious shoots increases with an increasing BA concentration. The BA treatment also affects phyllotaxis, but only of adventitious shoots, and not of normal lateral shoots developing in leaf axils. Leaf arrangement on adventitious shoots is always variable, even on the control medium. Generally, patterns observed in case of in vitro shoots do not differ from those reported earlier for intact A. arvensis plants. BA treatment also leads to the teratologic development, i.e. fasciation and the formation of abnormally shaped leaves, but again in adventitious rather than in normally developing shoots. We postulate that the variability of phyllotaxis characteristic for adventitious shoots and their responce to BA treatment, result from the fact that their apical meristems develop de novo from initially unorganised meristematic centres, whereas meristems of normally developing lateral shoots are well organised from the time of their initiation.


Although axons play a key role in neuronal computation, the small size of CNS axons precludes direct characterization with electrical recordings. We implement high signal-to-noise ratio VSD imaging to determine cortical axon functional properties.