Obesity significantly increases risk of breast cancer development, and following diagnosis, obese breast cancer patients have an overall worsened prognosis. The complex relationship of obesity to breast cancer growth and aggressiveness must continue to be examined. Within breast adipose tissue, obesity causes a state of chronic, macrophage-driven inflammation. Chronic inflammation is associated with increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Increased collagen within the mammary microenvironment is a risk factor for tumor formation, as well as more aggressive tumors, in mouse models. In breast tumors from obese patients, tumor desmoplasia is also found to be increased. To better understand how obesity affects mammary tumor growth, inflammation, and fibrosis, we used a diet-induced obesity mouse model paired with the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)+ TC2 mammary tumor cell line in female FVB mice. We observed that TC2 mammary tumors grew significantly faster in obese mice compared to lean mice and had significantly more macrophage infiltration. TC2 tumors from obese mice also had significantly more collagen deposition than TC2 tumors from lean mice, indicating that obesity leads to more fibrotic tumors. To identify how weight loss alters the mammary gland and mammary tumor microenvironments, obese mice were switched from a high-fat diet to a low-fat diet for six weeks, to induce weight loss. In non-tumor-bearing mammary glands, weight loss led to a significantly decreased number of crown-like structures, a marker of adipose tissue inflammation, similar to observations in human adipose tissue. TC2 mammary tumors grew at an intermediate rate between tumors from lean and obese mice, indicating that weight loss may be a viable option to reduce tumor aggressiveness, particularly for obese patients with other breast cancer risk factors. Understanding these weight-related changes in the mammary gland and mammary tumor microenvironments will provide greater insight into possible interventions for obese breast cancer patients.
 Citation Format: Genevra M. Kuziel, Lisa M. Arendt. Examining the effects of obesity and weight loss on mammary tumor inflammation and fibrosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 724.


In this paper, a few Hadamard-type inequalities for convex functions of $3-$ variables on a rectanguler box are defined. Mapping related to convex functions on a rectanguler box are also described.


Over the next 50 years, Brazil, Russia, India and China—the BRICs economies—could become a much larger force in the world economy. Using the latest demographic projections and a model of capital accumulation and productivity growth, we map out GDP growth, income per capita and currency movements in the BRICs economies until 2050.


OBJECTIVE
To study how to use the technology of information management, data-base and graphics to develop the dental clinic information system.

METHODS
Base on the expert's demonstration and investigation, we made up the operative cord of the dental clinic. The PowerBuilder and SQL Anywhere Tools V6.0 was used to develop the information system.

RESULTS
There are 7 different sub-functional models in our system, and they are about patients, workers, finance, capital, expandable, technician lab., and maintenance. The system has been used in 8 dental clinics, and about 1,100 cases history were managed. The result showed us that the system has a strong and perfect function for clinical service, and it is easy to be used.

CONCLUSION
The system could enhance the user's management level and benefit to patients and clinical service.


Organic dyes, which are utilized for optical recording medium, have some excellent characteristics such as anti-oxidizing, non-toxic, high resolution, and so on. And some kind of dyes show such a high reflectivity like metals near the wavelength region corresponding to the absorption.


Quantitative relationships are developed between some physicochemical properties and topological features of alkylbenzenes. Valence connectivity indices of different orders and types (rnxn are employed to encode molecular topology and the properties regressed are enthalpy of atornisation (~H.) arid vaporisation (~Hv) at 298.15K, boiling point (tb), molar volume (vM) and molar refraction [R] at 293.15K and diamagnetic susceptibility (xM). A high degree of correlation (r> 0.99) in all the cases indicates the role of molecular size and shape in these properties. The relationships are statistically significant and can be employed to predict the properties with confidence within the experimentallirnits.


By using of CO2 laser beam and YAG laser beam, the butt welding of BT20 titanium alloy sheet with 2.5mm thickness was carried on. It was found that the joint geometry of welded joint was different because of different laser beam models. The stable welding process and good welding quality were guaranteed by using suitable welding parameters. On the condition of butt welding without welding wire, the welded defect such as undercut on the weld face was generated because of the heat physics properties of BT20 titanium alloy and the high energy density laser beam, which affected the mechanical properties of welded joint seriously, especially the fatigue strength and the fracture toughness. Use of the active fluxes in the welding procedure, or making use of laser welding technique with filler wire and revolving scanning beam could be a good method to solve undercut and improve the mechanical properties of laser welded joint.By using of CO2 laser beam and YAG laser beam, the butt welding of BT20 titanium alloy sheet with 2.5mm thickness was carried on. It was found that the joint geometry of welded joint was different because of different laser beam models. The stable welding process and good welding quality were guaranteed by using suitable welding parameters. On the condition of butt welding without welding wire, the welded defect such as undercut on the weld face was generated because of the heat physics properties of BT20 titanium alloy and the high energy density laser beam, which affected the mechanical properties of welded joint seriously, especially the fatigue strength and the fracture toughness. Use of the active fluxes in the welding procedure, or making use of laser welding technique with filler wire and revolving scanning beam could be a good method to solve undercut and improve the mechanical properties of laser welded joint.


"AMERICAN HISTORY IN VERSE" for boys and girls. Collected and Edited by Burton Stevenson. Cloth. 456 pages. Boston, New York, Chicago, Dallas, Atlanta, San Francisco: Houghton Mifflin Company.


As the late Ben Pimlott liked to point out, what is so fascinating about monarchy is the absolute conflation of the personal and the political. Elsewhere in the so-called 'Commonwealth Realms', it ...


Digital watermarking consists of hiding subliminal information into digital media content, also called host data. It can be the basis of many applications, including security and media asset management. In this paper, we focus on the imperceptibility requirement for image watermarking. We present the main features of the human visual system (HVS) to be translated into watermarking technology. This paper highlights the need for dedicated inputs from the human vision community. The human visual system (HVS) is very complex and able to deal with a huge amount of information. Roughly speaking, it is composed of a receiver with a pre-processing stage, the eye and the retina, a transmission channel, the optic nerve, and a processing engine, the visual cortex. Mainly because of our lack of knowledge about brain behavior, i.e. about the way a stimulus is processed through its huge neural network, the large effort to understand and model the HVS behavior has partly remained fruitless. The aim of this paper is not to provide a thorough description of the HVS. For complete HVS models and more specific details, the reader is referred to existing literature. Here, we only try to understand, in a synthetic way and from an engineering perspective, the HVS features on which the designer of a watermarking algorithm can rely, i.e. its sensitivity and masking capabilities.


Draping for shoulder surgery in the beach chair position can be an awkward procedure. We suggest a technique using a single transparent hip fracture fixation drape. The prepared arm is placed through a hole previously cut in the central window of the drape. The adhesive area is secured around the operative site and the drape is then positioned across a bar as for hip fracture surgery (Fig. 1). Once applied, it allows the anaesthetist complete access to the patient. The drape is readily available, disposable, cheap and has a large pocket to collect excess fluid.

Figure 1

Set up for shoulder surgery using hip fracture fixation drape.


We investigate the radial behavior of galactic rotation curves by a Fourth Order Gravity adding also the Dark Matter component. The Fourth Order Gravity is a Lagrangian containing the Ricci scalar, the Ricci and Riemann tensor, but the rotation curves are depending only on two free parameters. A systematic analysis of rotation curves, in the Newtonian Limit of theory, induced by all galactic sub-structures of ordinary matter is shown. This analysis is presented for Fourth Order Gravity with and without Dark Matter. The outcomes are compared with respect to classical outcomes of General Relativity. The gravitational potential of point-like mass is the usual potential corrected by two Yukawa terms. The rotation curve is higher or also lower than curve of General Relativity if in the Lagrangian the Ricci scalar square is dominant or not with respect to the contribution of the Ricci tensor square. The curves are compared with the experimental data for the Milky Way and the galaxy NGC 3198. Although the Fourth Order Gravity gives more rotational contributions, in the limit of large distances the Keplerian behavior is present, and it is missing if we add a Dark Matter component. By modifying the theory of Gravitation consequently also the spatial description of Dark Matter could undergo a modification. At last we compare the gravitational potential by Fourth Order Gravity with respect to more used potential induced by power law of Ricci scalar.


In this paper, we will introduce a test system used for multi channel high voltage power supply, and also briefly introduce circuit construction and circuit design, operation principle and specifications. This instrument is mainly used to test single channel or multi channel high voltage power supply in laboratory or in open field. Especially, it is very useful for the testing of detector's biase.The maximum high voltage value tested by this instrument is 6 kV. The range of output current of high voltage power supply under test is from 100μA to 10mA. This instrument is portable, and of simple construction, high integration, small dimension.It can be operated with AC/DC power supply.


The definition of business is generalized; at the same time the importance of business work is elaborated. And from attributions of business and management the relationships between them are discussed. At last the future business strategy is proposed to ensure the existence and development of enterprises.


The objective of the present study was to study the safety and efficacy of propofol as a general anaesthetic in horses in combination with acepromazine and xylazine. Twelve horses were divided into two groups of six horses each. Gelding operation was performed in all the horses following induction of anaesthesia. In group I, acepromazine (0.088 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly, 15 minutes prior to injection of propofol, while xylazine (1 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly 15 minutes prior to injection of propofol in group II. In both the groups propofol (6 mg/kg) was injected intravenous. Quality of induction of anaesthesia was satisfactory in both the groups. Mean time of lateral recumbency after propofol injection was 100 ± 12.65 secs in group I and 80 ± 12.65 secs in group II. Duration of propofol anaesthesia was 16.17 ± 1.14 and 22.67 ± 5.07 minutes in group I and II respectively. Mean time of complete recovery was 38.17 ± 2.87 in group I and 32.50 ± 8.00 minutes in group II, No complications were noted either during anaesthesia or during recovery. No significant difference in induction time, duration of anaesthesia and complete recovery was seen among the two groups. It is concluded that propofol could be safely used as a general anaesthetic for short surgical procedures such as castration in horses.


In traditional system of FBG filter brim demodulation,two optical power meters are necessary to receive signal.Because of randomicity of noise of each optical power meter,interferences of noise from optical power meters cannot be eliminated.Using optical switch in the photoelectric receiver can make it possible that only one optical power meter is needed,which is convenient for eliminating interferences of noise.The noise immunity of FBG filter brim demodulation is then enhanced.Use this technology in the experiment of cantilever beam,the noise immunity works well.The technology,which doesn′t need expensive complex wavelength demodulation equipments,has promising applications in engineering practice.


Tetracationic cyclo-tetraphosphane [(LC)4P4]4+ as triflate salt (LC = 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-diisopropyl-imidazol-2-yl) is obtained from the reduction of [LCPCl2]+ with 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-dihydropyrazine and represents the first salt of the cationic cyclo-phosphane series with the general formula [LnPn]n+.


A "knowledge system" is a system to allow users to select technical knowledge on a lexical basis from technical papers written in English and share that knowledge. It supports users to read technical paper written in English, understand technical knowledge in English, and complement knowledge with other users' knowledge. We experimented for accumulating English special knowledge, translating it to Japanese, and adding information how much people know the knowledge. And we evaluated the complementation and comprehensiveness of the technical knowledge between two different systems that we proposed and among the users. The experiment(s) showed that the number of Japanese-translated words tends to increase with increasing number of users and the environment facilitates acquiring technical knowledge in their mother language. Using this system, users can collect knowledge comprehensively. In addition, the system provides an effective way to create a high-quality environment for helping users to read English-written technical papers.


La1-xMgxNi2.8Co0.7 (x=0.1, 0.3, 0.5) hydrogen storage alloy was synthesized by solid diffusion method. The microstructure of the alloy was analyzed by XRD when the content of Mg was changed. When x equaled to 0.3, there was relative much La2Ni7 phase in the alloy and the alloy exhibited better integrated electrochemical performance. Its maximum discharge capacity reached 355.4mAh/g and capacity retention after 50 cycles(S50)was 77.80%. The results showed the existence of La2Ni7 phase would be conductive to the integrated electrochemical performance of the alloy.


Abstract Snow cover contains various impurities from natural and anthropogenic sources. These impurities percolate into the soil, groundwater and surface water during snowmelt, significantly influencing their composition. We consider the metals content in snow cover in south Sakhalin, Sea of Okhotsk. Samples were taken in February–April 2011 by the Laboratory of Avalanche and Debris-flow Processes of the Sakhalin Department of the FEGI FEB RAS. Sample analysis was performed by the Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, FEGI FEB RAS. Overall, the metals present in the highest concentrations were Ca, K, Mg and Na. Other metals have low concentrations at the level of total mineralization of surface water and groundwater. Thus, the main sources of metals in south Sakhalin snow cover are the water surface of the sea and anthropogenic sources.


Biscuit, cracker and cookie recipes for the food industry , Biscuit, cracker and cookie recipes for the food industry , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


Double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) is currently endorsed as an option for detecting adenomatous polyps and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the rate


This summer I was in NYC and found a couple of nice coffee shops with good coffee and internet access so that they were suitable


Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious complications among renal transplant patients. Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) is routinely used as first‐line prophylaxis against Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and other opportunistic infections including UTI. Aerosolized pentamidine is an alternate agent used for PCP prophylaxis; however, it does not provide coverage against uropathogens. This is a retrospective study of 81 renal transplant recipients who received TMP‐SMX or aerosolized pentamidine for PCP prophylaxis at our center over 1 year. Survival analysis demonstrated increased cumulative incidence of UTI among patients receiving pentamidine for PCP prophylaxis compared to those receiving TMP‐SMX (log‐rank test P < .001). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model showed pentamidine prophylaxis (HR 3.740; 95% CI 1.745‐8.016; P = .001) and female sex (HR 4.025; 95% CI 1.770‐9.154; P = .001) to independently increase UTI risk. Age, induction agent, graft type, diabetes, and delayed graft function (DGF) were not associated with increased risk. This study concludes that the use of pentamidine for PCP prophylaxis compared to TMP‐SMX is associated with increased risk of UTI. Secondary UTI prophylaxis may be considered for patients who are unable to tolerate TMP‐SMX and who have other risk factors for UTI; however, the efficacy of this has not been studied.


ABSTRACT Present work aims to study the fatigue life behaviour of additively manufactured (AM) stainless steel 316L in a laser shock peening (LSP) process. The fatigue behaviour of as-built samples and LSPeened sample were studied on the AM samples. A new diode-pumped laser system was utilized as an instrument to perform LSP operations. LSP operation was performed under two different sacrificial layers of different materials i.e. vinyl tape and aluminium tape. The other essential LSP parameters, namely energy, pulse width, spot size, overlap, and number of layers were kept constant based on the previous experimental findings. The characterization was done for analyzing the residual stresses using a hole drilling process, and a 4-point bending machine. A considerable improvement in compressive residual stress and fatigue life was observed in the LSPeened samples. Such improvements in residual stresses and fatigue life may pave a road to establishing diode-pumped lasers for LSP applications.


PURPOSE: To obtain a composition suitable for preparing an agent for a unit for intrarectal administration, capable of attaining the approximately complete absorption of active ingredient without using an absorption auxiliary, by mixing calcitonin optionally blended with a stabilizer with a vehicle liquid at a room temperature. CONSTITUTION: Calcitonin optionally blended with a stabilizer (e. g. human albumin) is dissolved in a liquid vehicle comprising (A) ≥70wt.%, especially ≥80wt.% of a polyethylene glycol or a polypropylene glycol of various molecular weights, (B) ≤15wt.%, especially ≤10wt.% of a physiologically permissible aqueous buffer solution (e.g. phosphate buffer solution or citric acid buffer solution) having pH 4.5-6 and (C) ≤15wt.%, especially ≤10wt.% of a 2-6C alcohol (e.g. sorbitol or glycerol) containing two or more hydroxyl groups. Preferably, the content of calcitonin is 20-800 IU based on 1mL of the vehicle. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


Spicuzza L, Sciuto C, Leonardi S, et al. Early occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea in infants and children with cystic fibrosis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012; 166( 12): 1165- 1169; doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.1177[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3]

Investigators from the University of Catania in Italy sought to determine the occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and nocturnal hypoxemia among children with cystic fibrosis (CF). They enrolled children from their CF unit who were in stable clinical condition, defined as a stable forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the absence of respiratory symptoms such as increased cough, sputum production, and/or increased dyspnea. They also enrolled healthy age-matched controls.

### PICO

Question : Among children with cystic fibrosis who have minimally impaired lung function and are clinically stable, what is the occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea?

Question type : Diagnostic

Study …

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A method is described for growing cell suspension cultures of Chenopodium rubrum photoautotrophically for prolonged periods of time. By using a two-tier culture vessel the growth medium with the cells was separated from the CO2 reservoir. Definite CO2 concentrations were established by a K2CO3/KHCO3 buffer. Photoautotrophic growth in C. rubrum cell suspension cultures was correlated with the CO2 level. At 0.5% CO2 the cell cultures contained 68 μg chlorophyll/g fresh weight and showed an increase in fresh weight of about 80% in 18 days. At 1% CO2 an increase in fresh weight of 165% in 18 days was observed. The chlorophyll content rose up to 84 μg/g fresh weight.

The photoautotrophic growth was also greatly influenced by the 2,4-D content of the medium. Cell growth was enhanced by lowering the auxin concentration. Best growth was attained (210% increase in fresh weight) at 10−8M 2,4-D.

The photosynthetic activity of the cells was measured by the light dependent 14CO2 incorporation. At 0.5% CO2 the cell suspensions assimilated about 100 μmol CO2/mg chlorophyll × h. In the presence of 1% CO2 the light driven assimilation was raised up to 185 μmol CO2/mg chlorophyll × h. In both cases, the dark incorporation of CO2 was merely 1.8% of the values obtained in light.


ABSTRACT Community-based programs for older adults are key health-promoting resources; however, barriers to participation exist, including transportation, cost, accessibility, and social in-groups. To address such barriers, a neighborhood-based Seniors' Satellite program was implemented. We explored the benefits of participating in this program, and barriers and facilitators to participation, through a mixed methods program evaluation. The Satellite attracted older adults at risk of isolation and those more socially connected, from the local neighborhood and more distant areas. Findings suggest program participants valued the combination of social contact, exercise, and fun, in a local, friendly setting, and gained social and health benefits.


The aim of present study was to determine the effect of different drying methods (Freeze drying, oven dried at 70°C, oven dried at 50°C and sun dried) on carotenoids, flavonoids and vitamin C content of local edible seaweeds (K. alvarezii, C. lentilifera and S. polycystum). Total carotenoids, total flavonoids and vitamin (content was determination by using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. However, the individual carotenoids compound (beta-carotene and lutein), individual flavonoids compound (quercetin and kaempferol), and catechin compounds (epicatechin, catechin hydrate, epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate) have been identified and quantified by High Performanced Liquid (hromatogram with (18 reversed phase column. Among the drying treatments, freeze drying had retained greater amount of carotenoids, flavonoids and vitamin C content compared to oven dried at 70°C, 50°C and sun dried. In comparable of oven dried at 50°C and 70°C, oven dried at 70°C was found to retain greater amounts of total carotenoids, total flavonoids, and vitamin C compared to oven dried at 50°C, Whereas, epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallate shown better result in oven dried at 50°C than oven dried at 70°C, Sun dried had retained the least amount of carotenoids, flavonoids and Vitamin C content compared to freeze drying and oven drying. As a conclusion, freeze drying was superior compared to oven drying at 50°C , 70°C and sun drying to retain the carotenoids, beta-carotene, lutein, flavonoids, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate and ascorbic acid content.


This paper examined a method of using eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the state matrices to control power system oscillation using HVDC supplementary controller. HVDC devices eliminate line loses, increases transmission ability through damping of power oscillators and improves real power in an ac systems. Using eigenvalues and residue method the damping controllers are designed to solve a inter-area oscillation of two area four machine systems. The results ascertained the success of this method.


WHEN speaking of ""red lantern streets,""what's the first thing that comes to mind?Sordid alleys, haunted by ladies of the night? While ""red lantern districts"" both in the East and the West have something in common, pleasures here in China are purely gastronomical in nature.


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Why do we like to walk when we move slowly, but run when moving quickly? There are many ways of approaching such a question, but a fairly fundamental start can be made by considering the energetic requirements of gaits. Back in 2006, Manoj Srinivasan and Andy Ruina (at Cornell


Urban space is the place where individual meets collective dimension, environment in which different social practices take place. Mazzacurati suggests a trip into an unprecedented Venice, described and examined in its deepest and less canonical features. Urban space is constituted by shared territories, by areas made of earth and water (Mestre, Danieli Hotel, S.Alvise, Murano, a bar near San Marco and Sacca Fisola), inhabited and used, according to their needs and producing a variety of anthropological phenomena, by Giovanni, Roberta, Ernesto, Carlo, Ramiro e Massimo, who are six Venice citizens. Six different stories, six fragments of existence with a common space as background; six cross sections of a humble and popular reality, hanging between heavenly and infernal, which give voice to a city. One Venice, many Venice.


Power plants in the 25 to 250 kW-size range will enable utilities, IPPs and ESCOs to provide economic power for a variety of applications. Small, low-cost, highly efficient gas turbines provide the utility industry with a four-generation technology that features numerous benefits and potential applications. These include firm power to isolated communities, commercial centers and industries; peak shaving for utility systems to reduce the incremental cost of additional loads; peak shaving for large commercial and industrial establishments to reduce demand charges, as well as standby, emergency power and uninterruptible power supply (UPS).


This study examines the effort of two African writers, Manama Ba and Chimamanda Adichie in projecting a new image and identity for the women in their novels So Long A Letter and Purple Hibiscus respectively. These writers capture various challenges of the African Women. Currently, most African female writers are addressing  themselves seriously to the task of redeeming the African women's personality. This study has shown that women not only have the potential for contributing meaningfully to the progress of the society bin have indeed contributed immensely to society's progress, and that they deserve a better position than what they have been credited with. It is hoped that this research will contributed towards building up knowledge of the new woman in Africa as reflected in the works studied.


This chapter assesses how the United Nations, in cooperation with the African Union, formed one of the largest and most expensive peacekeeping operations ever deployed to stop the bloodshed in Darfur. The operation took the name United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID). The United States initiated and orchestrated the most important political aspects that made the deployment of UNAMID possible. At the United Nations, the United States was intimately involved in the drafting and negotiation of UN resolutions pertaining to the Darfur issue and prodded various UN Security Council members to support the respective resolutions. Once UNAMID was approved by the UN Security Council, the United States was deeply involved in recruiting UNAMID participants. Some countries—such as Egypt, China, Canada, and Ethiopia—had a political stake in the Darfur conflict and thus volunteered forces to deploy to Darfur. Nevertheless, the large majority of countries did not join UNAMID on their own initiative. Rather, they were wooed into the coalition by the United States. U.S. officials thereby followed specific practices to recruit these troops. Many of these practices exploited diplomatic embeddedness: U.S. officials used preexisting ties to ascertain the deployment preferences of potential recruits and constructed issue linkages and side payments. The United States was assisted in the UNAMID coalition-building process by UN staff, most notably from the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations (UNDPKO).


The section of the rhythmic sediments (flysch s.1) in the Sofijska Stara Planina Mountain is divided into a preflysch and a flysch (flysch s.s.) part. Conodonts are extracted for the first time in that area from carbonate interbeds. They are established in the flysch part of the sequence. On the whole 14 taxa are established, 13 of them being determined in the terms of species. They belong to two different associations, which indicate the conodont zone Palmatolepis linguiformis and Palmatolepis triangularis. The first zone lies within the range of the Upper Frasnian, and the section one – of Lower Famennian of Upper Devonian. Both zones are indicated in Bulgaria for the first time. The comparison carried out on the basis of biostratigraphic and sedimentologic data on the rocks and sections described with the flysch and preflysch deposits in the Černa Gora area (SW Bulgaria) and Eastern Serbia (Suva and Kučaj Planina Mountain) show certain similarities in their development and are mutually supplemental within the stratigraphic range. The turbidite sedimentation (incl. fluxoturbidites in the preflysch) started during Eifelian and ended during Lower Visean. Within the frames of the whole zone of turbidite sedimentation the typical flysch accumulation of sediments (flysch s.s.) started in Upper Guvetian and ended in Lower Visean. Discrimination between authochthonous relics and those related to olistostromes (olistostromes of the feeding rises) plays a substantial role in the stratigraphic interpretation.


Chronic stress can have an adverse effect on behavior changes and damage to the pyramidal neurons of the brain. Pyramidal neurons of the brain play an important role in awareness, decision making, cognitive function, spatial memory formation and working memory. The effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) found in arabica coffee can affect the improvement of cognitive function, working memory, and histology of brain pyramidal neurons. The content of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in coffee has active compounds that can maintain the number of brain pyramidal neurons due to stress. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of arabica coffee extract on the average number of brain pyramidal neurons exposed to UCS stress. The research method used was a post-test experimental study with controlled group design. A total of 24 adult zebrafish (3 months old) were divided into 4 groups. Four groups (KN, KP, K25, K50) were acclimatized (1 week) first, for groups K25 and K50 were given arabica coffee extract as much as 25mg / dl and 50 mg / dl for 4 days before inducing unpredictable chronic stress (UCS). The results of the study proved that the extra ethanol group of arabica coffee at a dose of 50 mg / dl could maintain the number of pyramidal neurons in zebrafish treated with modified UCS stress (P <0.05). In conclusion, giving ethanol extract of arabica coffee at a dose of 50 mg / dl has a neuroprotectant effect on zebrafish exposed to UCS stress.


This article deals with the problem of the impulse response and acoustic parameters estimation of a room. The impulse response can be obtained using a clever analysis of the Empirical Transfer Function Estimate (ETFE). It is shown that the impulse response estimation is asymptotically unbiased with a bounded variance. The acoustic parameters are determined numerically from this estimation and according to their definitions. The performance of the methods is shown by an example employing a song as a test input instead of the usual pink noise. Since the method uses a reduced number of data in the input and output vectors, the computation time is reduced without significantly increasing the error with respect to the ideal response.


Chronobiology focuses on variations in biological rhythms across time. This article describes biologic cycles, particularly circadian cycles and their underlying neuroanatomy. Metabolic rhythms are reviewed and their impact on disease and symptom variation discussed. Clinical and chronopharmacological implications and diagnostic applications are presented, highlighting chronotherapy's perspective.


CNC Partner, a novel training system on NC machining, is presented in this paper. It creates a semi‐immersive desktop virtual training environment with a sense of high reality at a low cost. With the CNC Partner, a trainee can learn the knowledge of NC programming and acquire the practical operation skills on a CNC machine tool prior to operate a real one. The framework of CNC Partner is established and described in detail. And its functions on training are summarized. The functions of CNC Partner‐assisted teaching are also introduced. Up to now, over 200 sets of CNC Partner systems have been installed in several vocational education schools in China. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 466–474, 2011


This research aims to analyze whether the, Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Net Interest Margin (NIM),) and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) have significantinfluencesimultaneously and partially toward Return On Asset (ROA). This research classifiedthe verifiation research. The population is conventional commercial bank period 2006-2015. Sample was determined by the higher bank asset, a total of ten companies. The secondary data were taken such as from financialreport of Banks started from 2006 until 2015. The technique of data analysis in this research using panel regression analysis. ROA as a dependent variable, NPL, LDR, NIM and CAR as independent variables. Data processing using E-views 6. The result provides evidence that NPL and CAR have significantinfluencesimultaneously toward ROA, while NIM and LDR are not significantinfluencesimultaneously toward ROA. NPL partially have negative significantinfluencetoward ROA, LDR and NIM partially positive are not significantinfluencetoward ROA, and CAR partially have positive significant influence towd ROA.


This article contains responses of electric utility executives to some questions posed by the author. Both investor-owned and independent power utilities are represented. Some of the topics covered include who should pay for stranded investment, business strategies, the role of electric utilities on the information superhighway, and the role of independents as both competitors and suppliers to investor-owned utilities. The emphasis is on the role of utilities in a rapidly changing business environment, specifically competition.


This study aims to determine the policies of Bank Syariah Mandiri Branch Manado in resolving murabahah receivables disputes for customers who are unable to pay and the realization of DSN No. fatwa. 47 / DSN-MUI / II / 2005 at Bank Syariah Mandiri, Branch Manado. The method used a qualitative research method using a normative approach. The informants interviewed were as many as five informants who were employees of the Bank Syariah Mandiri Branch of Manado. The concept of the settlement of murabahah receivables for customers who are unable to pay has two stages. First for customers who are categorized as having a reduced ability to pay but can still pay off the remaining debt by restructuring. The second stage is for customers who are classified as no longer able to pay their remaining debts even though the bank has provided several policies. Sharia Financial Institutions (LKS) may settle for customers who cannot complete or pay off their financing by agreed amounts and times; the system has been by the provisions of sharia in terms of the properties of the DSNI-MUI.


Summary. We have studied prospectively the use of the Flowtron intermittent compression system for the home treatment of fixed flexion deformities of elbows and knees, resulting from chronic haemophilic arthropathy. A total of 16 elbows (six unilateral and five bilateral), and 10 knees (six unilateral and two bilateral) in 11 patients were studied. Treatment caused a decrease in flexion contracture of the elbows from 41 ± 3° to 28 ± 3°(P<0.01), an improvement of 32%. The knees showed a decrease in flexion contracture from 31±3° to 20 ± 2° (P<0.0001), an improvement of 35%. Prophylactic factor replacement was not used during the study and there were no bleeds attributable to the treatment. We conclude that the use of the Flowtron in home treatment of fixed flexion deformities in haemophiliac patients is safe, effective and cheap.


building a clean and healthy living culture should be an inseparable part of the pesantren. In Fact, the spread of skin diseases among students and the neglect of students in maintaining cleanliness have become a separate phenomena. To solve these problems, an analysis of the pesantren's policies is needed, both related to aspects of taharah education/learning, as well as aspects of optimizing facilities and infrastructure in supporting the implementation of clean and healthy living. This research is a case study, with an analytical-descriptive approach. The analytical method used is the evaluation of Stake model (countenance). Collecting data using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that: 1) it is necessary to develop methods in teaching, especially in taharah material with a contextual learning approach (CTL) and problem-based (PBL). 2) the pesantren needs to optimize the infrastructure to support the implementation of clean and healthy living, such as empowering the, providing baths and clean water, regulating dormitory management so as not to overcapacity, etc.


The author throughout maintains that other books on improvisation are too narrowly focused and follow restricting conventions, but as one progresses through this volume the author's own particular interests and musical prejudices soon surface. In fact the book is heavily biased towards improvisation within a contemporary serious music context (and mainly drawn from the 1960s and 1970s) and the jazz, commercial or non-Western music aspects play a very minor role in the overall text. One of the very few references to a rock work is the Pink Floyd's 'Atom Heart Mother' which itself dates from 1970. It is not until the latter part of the book, in fact chapter eleven, that the book begins to concentrate on jazz improvisation, with the statement, 'We have given jazz its own chapter to reassert its tremendous importance and power'. The basic problems which I have already outlined, unfortunately, reoccur in the same way. After a brief introduction to a very simple blues harmonic sequence, no attempt whatsoever is made to examine blues modes or even the concept of the 'blue' note and also there is a baffling assumption from the examples, which now employ jazz chord symbols, that the reader is already entirely familiar with jazz chord nomenclature. As in previous chapters the text quickly moves into esoteric and complex matters without sufficient explanation. Once again these implied assumptions would seem to indicate a lack of understanding of the needs of the potential reader. In conclusion, my feelings about this book are that while Roger Dean's overall aims and objectives (namely to encourage a more open approach to improvisation) are to be applauded, the resulting volume falls down in too many ways. It seems that he cannot make his mind up whether this is really an analytical survey of improvisational techniques or a practical workbook and accordingly it falls seriously between two stools. The referencing and music examples are well done, which again points to its more useful function as a reference book. It would have little to offer a budding jazz or rock player but perhaps offers more to potential free jazz and contemporary music improvisers, though the latter group are likely to be rather a specialised readership. It tries to do far too much and in doing so lacks real focus. The author attempts to be all-embracing and chooses a wide variety of music as examples, but in fact is so selective in what he does not investigate that the book becomes just as narrow as the specialist ones he chooses to criticise. Finally, the text moves far too quickly in each chapter from the very simple introductions into rather esoteric and complex matters with insufficient explanation or detail. Creative Improvisation might serve as a useful springboard for further investigations into the subject, but lacks sufficient specialisation in any of the areas discussed to be of real practical benefit for the reader.


This paper develops a theory of capital structure in an international setting with corporate and personal taxes. The authors generalize the analysis of M. M. Miller (1987) to an international equilibrium characterized by differential international taxation and inflation in otherwise perfect international capital markets. The authors' analysis highlights the key role that corporate tax arbitrage plays in generating an international capital structure equilibrium, and they set forth a number of mechanisms for tax arbitrage transactions. They close the paper by outlining some implications of their analysis for national differences in capital structure, the international Fisher effect, and international tax effects on yield differentials. Copyright 1990 by American Finance Association.


Background . Panfacial fractures involves fractures of several bones of face. They are associated with malocclusion, dish face deformity, enopthalmos, diplopia, cerebrospinal fluid leak and soft tissue injuries. Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to present a case of minimizing surgical wound and morbidity. Case . A 40 year old female presented with severe maxillofacial injuries caused by motor vehicle collisions about 5 days prior to admission. The assessment of the patient is mild head injury, panfacial fractures, lacerated wound at face,  rupture of globe of occular sinistra. An open reduction and internal fixation  (ORIF) and enucleation of globe occular sinistra was performed.  Intraoral vestibular incision is made in the upper and lower vestibular region. Mucoperiosteal flap elevation of vestibular will exposure of the anterior maxilla and mandibular fractures. Intermaksilary fixation within 3 week and restore aesthetic with prosthesis fitting eyeball and denture. Discusion . The goal of  treatment of  panfacial fracture is to restore both the functions and pre-injury 3-dimensional facial contours. To achieve this goal two common  sequences of management of Panfacial fractures are proposed, "Bottom up and inside out" or "Top down and outside in". Other sequences exist but there are variations of these two major approaches. Conclusion . A minimally invasive approach to  the fracture site is an alternative method  to manage panfacial fracture with a simple, effective and lower complication rate.


A philosopher once said the road to hell is paved with good intentions. As all fraud examiners know, given the right circumstances--for example, a personal financial crisis coupled with weak internal controls on the job--many otherwise law-abiding employees will rationalize their way into stealing from the companies they work for. The following case study illustrates such a situation and shows how CPAs can protect their clients and employers from pay-and-return billing scams. This particular ruse shouldn't have lasted as long as it did; a simple, inexpensive service could've stopped it much earlier. NO WAY OUT As Veronica, an accounting clerk at a dental supply wholesaler, hung up the phone, her cheeks reddened with anger and embarrassment. She knew her coworkers at the dozen or so desks nearby had heard everything--as usual. This call had been from yet another of her husband's many frustrated creditors, who demanded money she didn't have. The outstanding debts arose from a business that was operated strictly by her spouse, not her. But as Veronica knew so well, in the community property state where she and Les lived, his debts were her debts, too. When Veronica married Les eight years ago, he had been a fast-talking hustler. But success had eluded him; one after another his business ventures failed. Then, three years ago, to get a fresh start, the couple filed for personal bankruptcy. Yet, somehow, they again had gotten over their heads in debt. This time, though, because you can declare bankruptcy only once every seven years, they became desperate. AN APPARENT IMPROVEMENT In the office, Veronica's colleague, Jenny, had tried not to eavesdrop. But the low partition between their cubicles ensured she would hear most, if not all, of the calls Veronica received from creditors. Since Jenny knew her friend was in trouble, she wasn't surprised when Veronica time and again shared her tale of financial woe. But as the months passed, Veronica simply stopped talking about her debts. A DIFFICULT CHOICE More than a year later, Jenny accidentally discovered why Veronica was silent on the subject. At the end of one workday, when no one else was around, Jenny clearly saw Veronica slip a vendor check into her purse. Now it began to make sense: Veronica was stealing from the company. Jenny was incensed and couldn't think of anything else for several days. Still, the thought of turning in Veronica made her ill. But after being with the company nearly 10 years, Jenny had a personal stake in it. However, she reasoned, if Veronica kept stealing, it would only worsen her problems, so Jenny decided to report her friend anonymously. First she thought of phoning her boss but realized he'd recognize her voice. Then it hit her: She would call the company's CPA firm; they surely would want to know about this, and they wouldn't know who she was. Calling from a pay phone, Jenny was questioned by a manager at the firm. "How do you know she's stealing?" he demanded. "Because I saw her," Jenny replied defensively. "And who are you?" the manager wanted to know. The conversation ended when Jenny refused to identify herself. The manager said: "You tell me you witnessed a theft, but you won't say who you are. You could be anybody. I can't take this further unless I have more evidence." Jenny refused to say anything more and hung up. Jenny never confronted Veronica with what she knew, but she wanted no more to do with her. Although Jenny saw Veronica steal another check about six months later, she clenched her teeth and kept her mouth shut. That is until several weeks later when Claude, a CPA recently hired as the company's internal auditor, invited her into his office. ON THE TRAIL TO DISCOVERY With records in his cubbyhole office already piled high around him, Claude explained to Jenny that--as part of his new responsibilities--he was meeting with a number of employees to get their opinions on the company's accounting operation. …


The late 1990s and early 2000s were marked by the appearance of a number of ambitious historical novels by Irish writers, including Joseph O'Connor's Star of the Sea (2004), which enjoyed both critical and commercial success internationally as well as in Ireland. The turn towards historical fiction occurred as Ireland experienced an unprecedented economic boom accompanied by rapid social change during the period now notoriously referred to as the Celtic Tiger. The concern with Ireland's belated entry into modernity that was a hallmark of the Celtic Tiger period is reflected in Star of the Sea, in which, this essay argues, there is an attempt to construct a national subject position fully compatible with modernity. To this end, for instance, the Irish language is represented in the novel as a standardized, written language, so that the voiceless victims of the Famine, many of whom were Irish-speaking and illiterate, can be reclaimed for twenty-first-century Ireland. O'Connor is however concerned as much wi...


In this work an optimization of a Rankine cycle, nested into a long-range intercity bus for the recovery of exhaust gas exergy is carried out. In order to optimize WHR-systems, it is of great importance to carry out a holistic optimization of the system in combination with all its subsystems and components. The applied working fluid is cyclopentane and the expander design is of scroll type. The main contributors to efficiency changes are the expansion machine and the heat exchangers. As can be seen in the literature, the process optimization is often carried out by assuming a constant efficiency of the expansion machine. If this is done, the relationship between the thermodynamic points of state applied to the inand outlet of the expander and its efficiency is neglected. Thus, the full optimization potential of the process remains unused and leads to a non-realistic behaviour of the expander. In this paper a holistic approach to optimize the expansion machine and the thermodynamic process states is presented. The optimization is carried out by using accurate thermophysical properties of the working fluid. Part of this optimization is a novel approach to enable the scalability of the expander. The basis is a semiempirical model well-known in the literature. This model allows the prediction of the expander performance in a wide operating range. To enable the optimization of the sizing of the expander, the model parameters are scaled based on the geometry and selected characteristic numbers. A stationary optimization is carried out. Thanks to its reasonable computational effort of the modelling approaches, an application in transient optimizations is feasible in future works.


The extensive application of virtual community in college students has influenced the process of college students' politics socialization.On the basis of defining virtual community and college students' politics socialization,as well as the functions and values of virtual community's politics socialization,this paper conducts an analysis on virtual community's positive and negative influences on college students' politics socialization,taking data collected from 584 questionnaires to college students.Countermeasures are also provided thereafter.


The aim of this study was to identify any personal factors that may facilitate the initial transfer of learning among students taking a permanent online ICT training course for teaching staff. Some deductive categories were created based on previous studies, and with the help of the NVivo software and its triangulation, a qualitative analysis of the three data sources—two reflective training activities completed by the subjects and an interview—was used to determine the relevance of some of the identified personal characteristics in the transfer process occurring within the context of distance techno-pedagogical training. Among them, we highlight four relevant ideas for transfer in the context: participants' motivation to innovate in their classes with the use of technologies; self-efficacy, characterized as confidence acquired by the subjects to carry out online training; previous training and professional experiences; and the analysis of their training needs in relation to the critical and reflective use of ICT. We also confirmed that the favourable reaction of the subjects to these factors can serve as an indicator of a possible transfer and that online ICT training should continue to seek to design activities that have positive results in relation to these aspects.


The flip-chip technology has many advantages over standard wire bonding processes especially as interconnection technique for MEMS operating in harsh environments. In this paper, silver based micro contact bumps are investigated with test assemblies on their reliability for an operating temperature of 500 °C. The contact bump materials are a nano-silver sinter paste and a glass-solder filled with silver particles. Our experiments showed an optimal mixture ratio of silver and glass of 80/20 with regard to stability and electrical performance of the contact material. Silicon based test-chips mounted on Al2O3, AlN and Si3N4 substrates, metallized with platinum were the test devices for process optimization and reliability measurements. The stability and electrical performance of the contact materials were investigated. We used an analytical approach to identify material and process parameters that influence the stress inside a contact bump after processing. Our experimental results indicate a high influence of the sensor substrate CTE and the process temperature on the lifetime in the micro contact. After processing the test-assemblies were exposed to extreme thermal shock cycles with ΔT = 470 K. We analyzed the lifetime of the micro contacts during the cycles with in-situ resistance measurements of the test-structures. Sintered silver and conductive glass contacts are both promising high-temperature flip-chip interconnections. Longer lifetimes of contact bumps with sintered silver were detected. We observed early contact failures after 10 to 20 thermal shocks for the devices with Al2O3 and AlN substrates. A test assembly contacted by silver-sintering on Si3N4 had the first contact failure after 54 thermal shock cycles.


Forward by Thomas J. Bernard. Introduction by Bruce A. Arrigo. 1. Marxist Criminology and Social Justice, by Michael Lynch and Paul Stretesky. 2. Socialist Feminist Criminology and Social Justice, by Nancy Jurik. 3. Peacemaking Criminology and Social Justicy, by Hap Pepinsky. 4. Prophetic Criticism and Social Justice, by Richard Quinney. 5. Anarchist Criminology and Social Justice, by Jeff Ferrell. 6. Postmodern Feminist Criminology and Social Justice, by Nancy Wonders. 7. Semiotics and Social Justice, by Peter Manning. 8. Constitutive Criminology and Social Justice, by Greg Barak and Stuart Henry. 9. Critical Race Theory and Social Justice, by Katheryn Russell. 10. Chaology and Social Justice, by T.R. Young. 11. Catastrophe/Topology Theory and Social Justice, by Dragan Milovanovich. 12. Queer Theory and Social Justice, by Brett Stockdill. 13. In Search of Social Justice: Toward a Critical and Integrated Theory, by Bruce A. Arrigo. GLOSSARY. INDEX.


The aim of the study was to determine various morphological characteristics from birth to the age of 150th day of Boer x Hair goat F1 crossbred (BH) kids and pure Hair goat (HG) kids raised in semi-intensive conditions and reveal factors suc h as the effects of genotype, dam age, dam's live weight, year, birth type and sex on this parameter. This study was applied between the years 2011-2012 in Çatak in the Van region and between the years 2013-2014 at the Yuzuncu Yil University Research and Practice Farm. Various body measurements; wither height, back height, rump height, sacrum height, body length, chest length, chest depth, ches t circumference, circumference of leg, cannon bone circumference, chest width, front-rump width, mid-rump width were determined 2 9.8, 28.4, 28.7, 26.2, 28.7, 17.0, 13.3, 30.4, 26.9, 5.2, 5.9, 6.0, and 8.7 cm at birth, respectively; 43.8, 43.8, 44.6, 40.6, 43.6, 22.2, 19.3, 51.7, 41.4, 6.6, 9.2, 9.3, and 11.3 cm at 60th day, respectively; 56.1, 53.4, 54.4, 47.5, 53.3, 27.3, 24.1, 61.4, 49.6, 7.3, 10.6, 11 .1, and 13.2 cm at 150th day, respectively for BH kids; 27.3, 25.9, 29.3, 25.3, 27.1, 15.9, 12.3, 29.0, 21.3, 5.1, 5.0, 5.6, and 7.4 cm at birt h, respectively; 40.4, 40.1, 42.9, 37.6, 40.5, 22.3, 18.4, 48.1, 36.4, 6.0, 7.9, 9.1, and 10.8 cm at 60th day, respectively; 50.3, 49.2, 51.0, 4 5.7, 50.4, 27.5, 22.9, 57.3, 43.4, 6.5, 9.5, 10.7, and 11.9 cm at 150th day, respectively for HG kids. When all of the data was considered, it w as concluded that the BH kids are much better than the HG kids for both morphological and zoometric values.


Learning activities in Raudlotul Athfal (RA) Timpik who have passed tend to
place the teacher as a center of learning (teacher center) and lectures become the
primary choice learning strategies, in this case the teachers tend to dominate
activity during learning while students tend to be passive. These conditions lead to
learning outcomes can not yet meet expectations. This study aims to determine
read write and calculate upgrades BCCT approach in B grade students RA Timpik
of the school year 2010/2011. This research was conducted for 5 (five) months in
B grade students RA Timpik. The methods of data collection in this study using
tests and observation. Data collection tools include the item on test, guidelines for
observation and test results sheet. The data analysis technique in this study
include: (1) quantitative data with a comparative descriptive analysis, and (2)
qualitative data with qualitative descriptive analysis. The results presented as
follows: 1. BCCT approach can improve read write and calculate skills in B grade
students RA Timpik Susukan, this is the mark with the increasing percentage of
mastery learning as follows: (a) Learning the first cycle, the percentage of
students who pass on aspects of reading as much as 25.87%; on aspects of writing
as much as 12:23%; and on aspects of numeracy of 21:13%, (b) Learning Cycle
II, the percentage of students who completed the aspect of reading as much as
53.3%; on aspects of writing as much as 34.4%, and on aspects of numeracy as
much as 52.2%, and (c) Learning cycle III, the percentage Students who pass on
aspects of reading as much as 86.7%; on aspects of writing as much as 72.3%, and
on aspects of numeracy as much as 78.9%. 2. BCCT approach can increase
students' activeness of read write and calculate in B grade students RA Timpik
Susukan. It is characterized by the increased value of student activity, namely: the
first cycle of learning activities 5.71 (enough). Cycle II is 7.43 (good) and cycle
III is 8.86 (very good).
This research can be used as a consideration for teachers who want to apply
BCCT approach in learning, especially in the level of Early Childhood Education
(ECD), as in RA because BCCT approach can make learning a fun and can attract
students to improve of read write and calculate skills.


basic noun, burning a basic verb). D classifies adjectives, predominantly on semantic groundswith some syntactic confirmation for the differences-in terms of seven categories: dimension, physical property, color, human propensity, age, value, and speed. Some syncretism and neutralization of category distinctions is allowed for. D describes a range between strongly adjectival languages, where co-hyponyms of a basic adjective are adjectives, and strongly verbal languages, where co-hyponyms of a basic adjective are verbs. This is an interesting exercise in the classification of adjectives, but there are no surprises-except for the title, the point of which escapes me. 'A method of semantic description' (65-115) justifies distinguishing between nuclear and nonnuclear verbs in the Dyirbal language of Australia by comparing J[aljuy], the 'mother-in-law language', with G[uwal], the style used between other interlocutors. Nuclear vocabulary items are supposedly defined in terms of semantic components, non-nuclear items in terms of nuclear ones (cf. Weinreich [1962] 1980:308-9). J has only about 25% of the vocabulary of G; its lexical items tend to be broadly denotative, with more specific identification achieved through circumlocution. Consequently, one verb in J corresponds to many in G; yet when asked for a G equivalent of a given J verb, only one G verb is typically given by speakers, and such a verb is semantically nuclear. D claims that nuclear verbs have semantic correspondents across languages, and that they are defined in terms of semantic components; thus he implies that a set of universal semantic components exists which includes, inter alia, the component 'not-water'. More evidence for such 'universal semantic components' is needed. Apparently D does not believe a semantic metalanguage needs syntactic structure; otherwise, why should he say (113) that 'It appears that SOME syntactic bracketing must be retained in the semantic descriptions of phrases'? D's essay is an interesting exercise in semantic description, and the distinction between nuclear and non-nuclear terms for a small set of verbs is nicely justified on the basis of the comparative speech styles of G and J. But could a similar analysis be made for the entire vocabulary of, say, English, where no such comparative method lies to hand? 'The semantics of giving' (117-39) takes give as a nuclear verb, and relates it to non-nuclear lend, sell, rent, pay, donate, award, and present. D distinguishes nuclear give from its non-nuclear relatives on the grounds that it has no converse; he does not explain why take should not be so counted. He also claims that have is not in the English lexicon-a notion that had some currency in the mid sixties. But if have is not in the lexicon, where is it? D offers an interesting discussion of give-related verbs, but there is no advance over Bendix 1966. 'Syntactic orientation as a semantic property' (141-55) looks at some of the effects which aspectual verbs and manner adverbs have on the verbs within their scope. Little here is original, and there are many errors. Thus D writes (151): 'die is clearly related to finish living, rather than to cease living' (citing McCawley 1968's 'cease to be alive'); this overlooks the fact that Max died can be paraphrased by Max ceased to be alive but not by ?*Max finished living. (The possibility of Max finished with living is not even hinted at.) It is hard to justify the reprinting of this essay.


System management and control train passenger rail vehicles. The system control and management, comprising in each vehicle (VT) a module (20) configured by software (24) groups of output signals (S1-Sn) from corresponding groups of input signals (E1-En) and also assigned an identification number (x) for each vehicle, a MODEM (25) being provided for connection to GSM, a touch screen (23) and respective remote modules E / S (27, 28) to communicate the status of inputs / outputs of a particular physical environment; different vehicles (VT) of a train are interconnected by a network (21) including at least four groups of signals or buses.


Of 46 adult patients with active leukaemia whose white cells were examined using a Hemalog D automated differential leucocyte counter, 45 showed abnormalities indicative of their disease, and the odd one out would not have been missed due to associated thrombocytopenia. Sequential studies while on chemotherapy allowed rapid and accurate neutrophil counts to be performed even in the presence of profound leucopenia and the re-emergence of blast cells in some cases was detected 2--3 weeks earlier than by microscopy. These findings indicate that the Hemalog D is reliable in the detection and can be useful in the follow-up of patients with leukaemia.


Considering the problem of freight train formation,this paper adopts semi-sparated two-stages of linear 0-1 programming model for combined solution of each stage.Besides,in allusion to local optimal solution,we express it by sequence diagram.First,according to the split of the non-resorting or shunting trains,the former can be used heuristic arrangement.As to the later,it′s sequence of pushing train stock to hump may be transformed into part maching case.We regard the max of total hump workloads and the min of waiting time as objective functions,then establish ModelⅠ.Trains′ disintegration time is rising by disintengration direction number′s increasing.However,it can′t be confirmed under the condition of no concrete disintegration scheme.(That is the independence of Model I.) Through fuzzification of disintegration time in Model II,we deal with the defects of independeces of Model I and Model II to reach continuous characteristic of two models′ planning.Trains′ new edition and decision variable are multidimensional structures.This paper transforms multi-dimensional sparse variables to one-dimensional series,which relieves the sparseness,then can get weo-dimensional decision variable.Afterward,build planning Model II for direct solution.Secondly,we gets the conclusion that the hump is the main bottleneck of railway marshalling.The method is establishing simulated data by simulation.In the end,we give out more detailed improvement measures for the scarcity of railway resources and the modeling of marshalling efficiency.


A new bathymetric map of Lake Sanabria is presented, showing depth isolines each meter and some morphometric parameters. The lake form, based on the relative hypsographic curve (cumulative area-depth), is concave (C). This lake shows high values of volume development (Dv) and of the depth relation (mean depth / maximal depth ratio: zm / zmax), which indicates a nearly flat bottom and high slopes in the shores, like those of some types of glacial lakes. The relative depth (Zr) has an intermediate value and the indexes: basin area / lake volume (Ac / V) and basin area / lake area (Ac / A) are quite high, when compared to other lakes. The values of these parameters indicate the large influence of external factors on the lake dynamics.


Impoverished university students are a special group,whose psychological state may influence their future development.This article examines the psychological characteristics of the impoverished university students.Base on Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory,the article points out the psychological conflicts experienced by the impoverished university students,that is,desire for self-actualization and dissatisfaction of the basic biological needs,desire for safety,a desire for love and esteem,depression,self-contempt,and loneliness caused by self-closure.


This paper presents an study of the radar interferometry in cultivated areas in frame of the project ERS -1/2 Agricultural Monitoring Experiment in Entre Rios, Argentina. The objective of the project is to obtain accurate and updated information on agricultural production being able to take decisions in the different policies of the agricultural administration. The project is divided in three areas: remote sensing in charge of AGF/DLR in Germany, GIS in charge of UNER (University of Entre Rios) and CONAE and field work carried out by UNER, both in Argentine. For this work SLC ERS data acquired at 1st and 2nd June 1996 (tandem mission) have been used. The data integration and comparison have been made in a previous selected test area and aided with ground truth data acquired simultaneously with the satellite acquisition times. The interferometric process have been made at the Department of the Theory of the Signal and Communications at the UPC in Barcelona with a for this working group development software. This work has been made to study the application and effectiveness of the inteferometry in a rather flat and total cultivated area. First a coherency image have been made using precise orbits information,next the corresponding interferogram and the flat Earth corrections have been made, then the phase unwrapping process and finally a digital elevation model of the test area up to the river coasts have been produced. The final results have been analyzed taken into account the agricultural activities and the ground truth at the acquisition times.


Research has shown that a relationship exists between phonological awareness and literary skills. It has been suggested that a structured programme of musical activities can be used to help children develop a multi-sensory awareness and response to sounds. The relationship between musical ability and literacy skills was examined in a study that showed an association between rhythmic ability and reading. A further pilot intervention study showed that training in musical skills is a valuable additional strategy for assisting children with reading difficulties.


Majority of ventricular tachycardias (VTs) are caused by scar‐related macroreentry in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. These VTs usually exhibit the reentry circuit on electroanatomic maps. We here describe a rare case of VT that exhibits a focal activation pattern on the electroanatomic map despite reentrant VT.


In this study, the compensatory strategies speakers adopt for conveying the voiced-voiceless distinction of consonants in whispered speech were investigated. Of 8 native Dutch speaking subjects each, 26 Dutch minimal word pairs containing voiced and voiceless obstruents, were recorded. Acoustic analysis with the software Praat revealed that both in whisper and in normal speech (1) preceding vowels are longer for voiced obstruents, (2) duration of the silent interval and (3) of the burst are longer in voiceless obstruents and (4) the burst intensity in voiceless obstruents is greater. These recordings were subjected to a pool of Dutch listeners (N=16), judging for each of 1056 items if it was the voiced or the voiceless member of the minimal pair. This revealed no marked sensitivity of these contrasts in whispered speech. These results supports the Redundant Cue Hypothesis (RCH), stating that voicing perception in whisper depends mainly on the secondary voicing cues that remain in whisper.


This brief presents an overview of trends in violence affecting civilians in the second quarter (Q2) of 2020, by assessing four major forms of individual harm experienced throughout the conflict (killing, injury, abduction and sexual violence). While the impact of violence extends beyond these forms of harm, they have been the most common incidents documented throughout the conflict in South Sudan.


This Good Practice Guide aims to provide introductory guidance on unlubricated sliding wear testing. It contains a discussion on the most effective approach to friction and wear testing and considers the different aspects that should be taken into account when designing a programme of friction and wear testing under unlubricated sliding wear conditions.
Specific guidance on how test conditions should be set and the procedures that should be used are given in Appendix A, and the results of an interlaboratory exercise that was used to validate the procedure are described in Appendix B.


smaller than those in the ionospheric plasma, the shield can operate up to several volts negative with respect to the emitter without introducing appreciable error. A slightly negative potential on the shield is desirable to prevent "stripping" electrons from the beam plasma, since it automatically limits the electron current collected to the ion current striking the shield. The probe systems (Fig. I , bottom) are designed to supply a constant current to heat the probe emitter and provide a means of determining the potential developed between the probe filament and spacecraft ground. The processed data from this potential measurement and the probe heater current are supplied to the spacecraft telemetry. The electronic configurations for the two probe systems are similar, but the beam probe system has an added transformer near the probe, and the ambient probe system has an added negative voltage power supply to provide the necessary bias voltage. The only other differences in the two systems are values of resistors and transformer windings due to the differences in heating requirements of the two different emitter designs. The calibration procedures for the two probe systems basically consisted of 1) stabilizing a plasma source at a desired ion density, 2) measuring the plasma potential at the "probe location" using a reference probe, 3) positioning the probe to be calibrated at the probe location, 4) recording the telemetry output voltage (TM-V) to establish the relationship between plasma potential and TM-V, and 5) recording TM-V for ambient probe bias voltages of -|-50vto -lOOv. The ambient probe calibration was performed in a 5-ftdiam by 12-ft-long vacuum system, so that a low-energy argon ion source developed to calibrate plasma spectrometers such as the ALSEP and OGO instruments could be used to provide the low-density plasma necessary. From this calibration, the bias voltage of — 50v was chosen. The beam probe calibration was performed in a 2-ft-diam by 6-ft-long vacuum system. A 10-cm-diam mercury ion engine (supplied by NASA-Lewis Research Center) was used to generate the 3-kv ion beam. The 250-ma design current corrsponded to a density of 10 ions/cm. Typical calibration results for the beam probe system are shown in Fig. 2 and are accurate throughout the ion density and potential range of interest. The results for the ambient probe system are very similar but are subject to more doubt than for the beam probe because of sheath considerations in this density range. The validity of the calibration of the ambient probe may be demonstrated during the SERT-II flight when the spacecraft is forced to potential differences with respect to the space plasma.


hosts, thepotential for sustained daily contactforweeksandoften months, andimproper precautions taken forprotection, makethemwellsuited fortuberculosis transmission. However, community-based outbreaks, which arethe sourceofmuchpublic concern,have notbeenreviewed since 1964, when 109community outbreaks were examined. Since fewofthecharacteristics ofinstitutional settings arepresentinthecommunity, thelessons learned may notbeapplicable tocommunity-based outbreaks. Furthermore, recentstudies withanalysis byrestriction fragment length polymorphisms havedocumented unexpectedly high ratesofprimary disease incertain urban communities, suggesting that our understanding ofcommunity-based transmission may beincomplete. We reviewed allreported community-based outbreaks oftuberculosis occurring inthelast 30yearsto assessthebasis ofour currentunderstanding ofcommunity-based transmission. Morethan70outbreaks were identified, withschools being themostcommon site. Inmost,adelay indiagnosis, sustained contactwiththeindex case,inadequate ventilation, orovercrowding was contributory. We conclude thatcommunity-based outbreaks oftuberculosis continue tooccur andthat wellestablished risks contribute tomostoutbreaks. Manyoutbreaks can beprevented orlimited by attention tobasic infection control principles. (Arch Intern Med.1996;156:1053-1060) Ourcurrent understanding ofcommunitybased transmission oftuberculosis isbased onlittle deliberate science. Riley etal,'-3 inaseries ofclassic studies that useda closed ventilatory system between guinea pigs andpersons withtuberculosis, determinedthat "aerial dissemination" ofpulmonary tuberculosis was,indeed, themajormeansofspread,' andthey also found that somepatients weremoreapttodisseminate infection thanothers.2'3 Loudon andSpohn4 investigated theinfluence of coughing oninfectiousness andfound that persons whocoughed morethan 48times pernight weremoreinfectious thanless frequent coughers. Theprevalence ofMycobacterium tuberculosis infection anddis


Both preference logics and preference representation in logic programming are concerned with reasoning about preferences on combinatorial domains, yet little research has been published using preference axioms in logic programming with preferences. In this paper, we propose a rational semantic for prioritized logic programming by combining rational preference with ideas underlying answer set programming. The rational semantics can implement a pervasive prioritized reasoning idea: The more preferential the precondition is, the more preferential the conclusion is. Rational preference logic is used to modeling the behavior of a rational agent. In this paper, we use rational preference axioms as the preference propagation principles.


Background: Epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly being recognized as a key factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endothelial dysfunction assessed by brachial artery flow-med...


The effect of poloidal asymmetry of impurities on impurity transport driven by electrostatic turbulence in tokamak plasmas is analyzed. It is found that if the density of the impurity ions is poloidally asymmetric then the zero-flux impurity density gradient is significantly reduced and even a sign change in the impurity flux may occur if the asymmetry is sufficiently large. This effect is most effective in low shear plasmas with the impurity density peaking on the inboard side and may be a contributing factor to the observed outward convection of impurities in the presence of radio frequency heating.


Phenyl phenglimino-o- and p-toluates (II and III resp.) and phenyl phenylimino-o-methoxybenzoate (IV) react readily with metallic sodium in ethyl ether to produce mainly substituted benzildianils. Under the same conditions, phenyl phenyliniino-p-methoxybenzoate (V) fails to react appreciably, but yields in boiling n-butyl ether a complex mix- ture which can be partially hydrolyzed to give compounds VI-IX.


This essay seeks to illuminate our understanding of 'space' by showing how Le Corbusier's concept of dwelling draws upon the notion of the secular sacred. The vehicle of analysis is the close correlation between the disposition of his own apartment, at 24 Rue Nugesser et Coli, Paris (1933), and a critical sequence of his Le poème de l'angle droit, published 22 years later. The correlation gives substance and structure to his repeated declaration to 'make the house a temple', in turn part of the universal claims of his concept of unité and therefore a significant element of his cultural aspirations regarding housing. The terms of reference for such a reformulation have their source in Romantic thought, with which this essay begins. However, the particular configuration of themes on which Le Corbusier's domestic symbolism depends—a primordial room oriented to the horizon, the contemplation of a paradigmatic woman by a creative male, a representational regime oriented to controlling the cultural background—is already present in certain Marian paintings of the fifteenth century. The configuration seeks to ensure a form of salvation re-interpreted by Le Corbusier in the light of artistic poésie and philosophical reflection. At the same date, Paul Valéry argues for the paradox of painting as a pure noumenal philosophy. This suggests that the long history of the secular sacred depends upon requiring the transcendent to be also transparent to thought, an ambiguity that lies at the heart of the universality claimed for 'space' by Sigfried Giedion.


Archiving news videos is regarded as important, since they are valuable as sources of important social information. When exploiting archived news videos as information sources, it is important to understand its contents comprehensively. To achieve it, we need to view a large number of news videos effectively. On the other hand, social networking services (SNS) are explosively prevalent. SNS users aim to send and receive information in which they are interested. Thus, we have decided to structurize news videos based on the responses from SNS users. In this paper, we report a method that relates news stories to Web news articles as a basic tool for the structuring.


We examine the consequences of using a surface delta interaction to obtain the nuclear magnetic dipole g factors for 86Kr in a 2 proton hole model space. We find that the g factors of lowest the 2+ and 4+ states are equal to one, or more properly gl. The inclusion of a spin-orbit interaction is also discussed. Comparisons are made with large space calculations.


The effect of the loaded condition on the manoeuvrability of ships is investigated in this report. Detailed captive model tests were carried out for four ship models. Examining the results, the effect of the loaded condition on both the forces acting on the hulls and the interactions among the hulls, propellers and rudders is discussed. In particular, it is reported that the lateral inflow velocity at the rudder in the ballast condition differs among the tested models. The lateral inflow velocity of some ship models is kept about zero within the hull's drifting angle of about 15 degrees in the ballast conditions. Manoeuvring motions are simulated from the results of the captive model tests and it is shown that the manoeuvrability in the ballast condition depends on the characteristics of the rudder inflow as well as the hull force and that the directional stability can worsen in the ballast condition with zero trim.


In this paper, we address the problem of automatically detecting and tracking a variable number of persons in complex scenes using a monocular, potentially moving, uncalibrated camera. We propose a novel approach for multi-object tracking by detection in a particle filtering framework. First, in order to improve detection performance, moving objects are automatically extracted using boosting factor and labeling method. Then, multiple objects are tracked in particle filtering framework by adaptively selecting block template according to human model and adaptively updating template using current detection. Finally, we resolve the data association using Hungarian assignment algorithm and compute the observation likelihood function of each particle filter using the associated detection. We present a new method to deal with the variety of the number of objects at random times. The resulting algorithm robustly tracks a variable number of dynamically moving objects in complex scenes with occlusions. The approach relies only on information from the past and is suitable for online application, and does not require any camera or ground plane calibration. We evaluate the performance on a variety of datasets and show that it improves upon state-of-the-art methods.


This work analyzes the strategies that have been adopted by enterprises at the current context of high concurrency, based on the adoption of information and communication technologies, new organization processes and human resource valorization. In the following, we analyze the issues related to the development of individual and organization competences, which aims to guarantee the enterprise competiveness. Our work, emphasize the study of the supermarket sector and the strategies that have been implemented in this segment.


The tissue levels of KW-2228 in rats were determined by the ELISA after intravenous or subcutaneous administration. 1. At 5 min after intravenous administration of 50μ g/kg of KW-2228, the plasma level of KW-2228 was 846.0±49.4ng/ml (mean±S.D.), and then biexponentially disappeared, reaching 2.976±0.62ng/ml at 8hr. The elimination half life of KW-2228 in plasma was 1.23hr. The levels of KW-2228 in tissues were lower than those in plasma at all time points. The kidney showed higher level of KW-2228 than any other tissues, but Cmax in kidney was 214.9±26.7 ng/g, about 1/4 of that in plasma. The Cmax in other tissues were lower than in kidney, ranging 1/10 to 1/40 of that in plasma. The elimination half-lives of KW-2228 in spleen and bone marrow were 2.48 and 3.08hr, respectively, which were 2 ?? 3 fold longer than those in plasma or other tissues. 2. After subcutaneous administration, the level of KW-2228 in plasma reached the Cmax of 118.3±22.8ng/ml at 2hr then monoexponentially disappeared. The half-life of KW-2228 in plasma was 1.72hr. The levels of KW-2228 in tissues also reached the Cmax at 2hr, and then monoexponentially disappeared as in plasma. Cmax in tissues were in the following order, kidney, lung, heart, adrenal gland, liver, spleen and bone marrow. The Cmax in kidney was 7/10 of that in plasma, and in other tissues, below 1/7. The half-lives of KW-2228 in kidney, lung, heart, liver and adrenal gland were 1.39 ?? 2.33hr, almost same as in plasma. However, the half-lives in spleen and bone marrow were 2.70 and 4.28hr, longer than those in other tissues. In all tissues, the half-lives of KW-2228 after subcutaneous administration were longer than those after intravenous administration. The mean residence time of KW-2228 in the bone marrow, its target tissue, after subcutaneous administration, was longer than that after intravenous administration. The difference in effectiveness of KW-2228 resulting from the administration route might be due to the difference of the mean residence time of KW-2228 in the bone marrow.


An equipment on which airborne missile flight-control software is debugged and validated,is designed and implementated against the amount of interface,the complexity of arithmetic and the real-time capability.The design and implantation of the equipment is introduced with the key technique.The simulating result on the equipment is given.


Infliximab (IFX) plays a key role in the management of severe and refractory manifestations of Behçet syndrome (BS). However we had previously shown that its sustained use may be limited due to adverse events and lack of patient compliance (1).To assess the retention rate of IFX, adverse events, causes of discontinuation and outcome after cessation of IFX in a larger group of BS patients who were followed in a tertiary center.The charts of BS patients who were prescribed IFX between 2004 and 2020 were reviewed to determine demographic features, reasons for IFX use, previous and concomitant drugs, IFX duration, reasons for cessation of IFX and time to flare following cessation of IFX. Follow-up was censored on March 2020.A total of 252 patients (195 men, mean age 40±10 years) received IFX for uveitis (n=122), vascular involvement (n=82), parenchymal neurologic involvement (n=32), gastrointestinal involvement (n=11), arthritis (n=10), mucocutaneous involvement (n=4), and secondary amyloidosis (n=1). Ten patients had more than 1 involvement requiring IFX.During a median follow-up of 52 (IQR: 30-88) months, 122 (48%) patients were still receiving IFX for a median period of 33 (IQR: 15-56) months while 130 (52%) patients had discontinued IFX after a median follow-up of 17 (IQR: 7-31) months. Reasons for discontinuation were remission in 25 (19%) patients, adverse events in 39 (30%), lack of efficacy in 23 (18%) (4 primary and 19 secondary), lack of patient compliance in 36 (28%), pregnancy in 4, and preparation for surgery in 3 patients.Adverse events (n=39) that required the cessation of IFX were infusion reaction (n=17), infection (n=7), hepatotoxicity (n=4), malignancy (n=4), palmoplantar psoriasis (n=3), lichen planus (n=1), drug induced lupus (n=1), splenic infarction (n=1), and a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (n=1).Among the 25 patients who discontinued IFX due to remission, 5 (20%) had a relapse after 4, 21, 26, 29, 38 and 46 months. The remaining patients did not experience a relapse during a median follow-up of 35 (IQR: 24-68) months.At the end of the follow-up, 2 patients had died due to lung adenocarcinoma during IFX treatment and 3 patients had died 1 year, 3 and 8 years after IFX discontinuation. The causes of death were with right heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension in 1, and severe nervous system involvement in 2 of the patients.Despite its successful use for the management of potentially organ and life-threatening manifestations in more than half of our patients with BS, long term maintenance was not possible in 42%, mainly due to adverse events, lack of patient compliance and inefficacy.[1]Esatoglu SN, Tukek B, Taflan SS, et al. SAT0258 Drug Retention Rate and Prognosis After Discontinuation of Infliximab in Patients with Behçet Syndrome. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2020;79: 1071-1072.Reasons for infliximab treatmentNo of patientsNo (%) of patients who were still receiving infliximabNumber (%) of patients who discontinued infliximabReasons for discontinuationDuration of infliximab use(median (IQR) months)Eye involvement12259 (48)63 (52)Remission (n=17)Inefficacy (n=10)Lack of patient compliance (n=19)Adverse event (n=12)Others (n)=5)28 (12.5-52)Vascular involvement8240 (49)42 (51)Remission (n=10)Inefficacy (n=7)Lack of patient compliance (n=12)Adverse event (n=12)Others (n=4)18.5 (9-33.5)Parenchymal neurologic involvement3221 (66)11 (34)Adverse event (n=8)Inefficacy (n=2)Lack of patient compliance (n=1)25 (14.5-50)Gastrointestinal involvement114 (36)7 (64)Remission (n=1)Inefficacy (n=1)Adverse event (n=2)Lack of patient compliance (n=4)7 (2-17)Joint involvement102 (20)8 (80)Inefficacy (n=1)Adverse event (n=5)Lack of patient compliance (n=2)20 (4-35)Mucocutaneous involvement431Inefficacy (n=1)6, 10, 12, 104 monthsAA amyloidosis101Inefficacy (n=1)6 yearsNone declared


Thirty-one years ago, a treasure appeared, Andrews and Herzberg's (1984) Data. It was composed of 71 separate chapters, each contained only a single, modestly sized, data set; but as a group, they spanned an impossibly broad set of topics, including the number of deaths by horse kicks in the Prussian army, the Stanford heart transplant data, and the motion of stars. Each chapter began with the original reference to the data and a short description of them. All of the data sets had obviously been screened by the authors and had, hidden within them, secrets to be mined and useful lessons to be learned. Since the publication of this trove, unnumbered statistics' students have benefited from their instructors' using some of the content as examples to illustrate and enrich their courses. The days of courses dominated by unreal toy examples consisting of coin flips and dice throws were at an end. Data, as wonderful as it was, suffered from a shortcoming of its preweb time—there was no easy way to transform the various data sets into digital form, leaving the user to enter the data by hand. Some data sets, like Darwin's data on growth rates of plants (with only 15 rows and three columns), were easy to enter, and doing so helped familiarize you with the data. Others, like Cudworth's data on the motions of stars, which filled six book pages with four digit entries, were sufficiently tedious to enter so as to deter all but the most motivated.


Children of migrant farmworkers change schools frequently and must navigate through a maze of confusing and often inconsistent academic policies. Migrant students are often identified as English learners and some have disabilities, which results in additional academic and federal policies that families must contend with as they seek to support their children's educational endeavors. Further affecting the school experience is the difficulty parents often have in working with school personnel who are unable to support the cultural and linguistic needs of migrant families. This study sought to explore the parents' understanding of their children's disability and the special education process and to learn about how migrancy affects those experiences specifically when they attempt to obtain special education services. Through an interpretive perspective, four migrant parents of children with disabilities were interviewed using a semistructured interview to collect data related to their perception of the special education process. The findings of the study are discussed, and recommendations for policy and practice are provided.


Presents an experience‐based model which is an approach to management training and development, and describes a management course with an integrated framework. Distinguishes between team process and team task, and introduces team building as a way of achieving organizational objectives as well as a vehicle for overcoming "any other unspoken bottlenecks" to team skills acquisition.


This research aimed to propose an educational intervention based on the universal learning design - DUA, to strengthen inclusive pedagogical practices with a group of deaf students in a higher education institution in Bogota, Colombia. In this sense, three analysis variables were established: the teaching strategies that teachers use in their pedagogical practice, the learning strategies that deaf students use and the role of the interpreter in the training process, taking into account that when identifying variables The strategies involved in the teaching reflection on their practice and establish the adjustments and methodological designs can be implemented in the classroom, modify the interests and needs of the students to control their learning, permanence and promotion. The characteristics of the research led to the methodological development being based on a qualitative interpretative approach, through an action research design, using different story methods such as participant and non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The results obtained are a sample of the process of interpretation of the data, the procedure was based on the systemic and deep reading of each of the field notes, interviews and focus groups, as well as the visualization of the videos and their respective transcription; for the analysis and systematization of the information, the software ATLAS.ti® (8.0) was used in its trial version. The particular characteristics of the teaching-learning process of deaf students will be established, which are directly related to motivational aspects and the possibility of communication with their peers and teachers without the mediation of the interpreter, on the other hand they will determine the teaching strategies employed by teachers in an inclusive classroom, from their individual experience, to finally define a pedagogical approach, objectives, phases and evaluation of an educational intervention aimed at promoting strategic learning in the professional training process of the deaf student.


Background and aim: Iron is an essential element for women of reproductive age, especially in the period before pregnancy and during this period. This study was aimed to investigate the consumption of iron to prevent iron deficiency anemia based on the theory of planned behavior on pregnant women in Mashhad city. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done on 160 pregnant women referred to health center No. 1 in Mashhad town who were allocated to case (80) and control (80) groups randomly in 2014. Intervention was done in four 75- minute sessions. Data were collected using a questionnaire made by researcher based on the theory of planned behavior and blood lab exam (Ferritin). Questionnaires were distributed and completed immediately, and 3 months after educational intervention were repeated again. Results: The average rates of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control and intention to use of iron intervention group was increased 3 months after the intervention significantly (P 0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the effect of education in promoting iron consumption in pregnant women, it is suggested that iron supplementation promotion workshops should be held in health centers with the aim of preventing iron deficiency anemia in health centers.


The results of empirical research of the peculiarities of the revelation of civil, ethnic and religious identities of the population of six border regions of Russia are presented. The conditions of forming the Russian identity are described. The study deals with the analysis of the peculiarities of civil, ethnic and religious identities in the contemporary social-economic conditions. The peculiarities of forming the structure of identity of a contemporary human are showed. The maximal role belongs to civil identity, local identity, and, in descending order, to regional, ethnic, generation, professional, religious, social and political identity. The identification performs an important social-psychological function and satisfies the human needs in individuality, from one hand, and in the protection and belonging to the group, on the other hand. It is shown that the belonging to an ethnic group and community in the state is the most considerable base for identity of border regions of Russia rather than a religious identification.


Some of the real life decisions are made in decentralized manner under uncertainty. Stochastic bi-level linear programming problems are used to handle such decision making problems. In this paper, we have proposed stochastic bi-level linear programming problems where some of the right hand side parameters of the constraints in both first (leader) and second level (follower) as normal and log-normal random variables with known probability distributions. Rests of the model parameters are assumed to be deterministic. In order to solve the problem, deterministic models are established and solved by using fuzzy programming approach. Two numerical examples are presented to exemplify the usefulness of the proposed methodology. AMS subject classification:


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: claimed invention describes O-carbamoyl (D/L) phenylalninol of structural formula I pharmaceutically useful for treating diseases of central nervous system. The claimed method comprises treating phenylalninol with benzylchloroformate in the main aqueous solution to form N-benzyloxycarbonyl phenylalaninol by reaction with phosgen and treatment with excessive amount of concentrated solution of ammonium hydroxide to produce O-carbamoyl-N- benzyloxycarbonyl phenolalaninol and remove protecting group by hydrogenolysis. EFFECT: improved properties of the title compound. 10 cl, 1 tbl