Standard Zircaloy-4 sheets, charged with 230-250ppm hydrogen by the gas-charging method and homogenized at for 72hrs in a vacuum, were corroded in pure water and aqueous LiOH solutions using static autoclaves at . Their corrosion behaviors were characterized by measuring their weight gains with the corrosion time and observing their microstructures using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The elemental depth profiles for hydrogen and lithium were measured using a secondary ion mass spectrometry(S1MS) to confirm their distributions at the oxidelmetal interface. The normal Zircaloy-4 specimens corroded abruptly and heavily at the concentration of Li ions more than 30ppm in the aqueous solution. This is due to accelerations by the rapid oxidation of many Zr- hydrides formed by the large amount of absorbed hydrogen, resulting from the increased substitution of ions with -sites in the oxide as the Li ion concentration increased. The specimens that had been charged with amounts of hydrogen greater than its solubility corroded early with a more rapid acceleration than normal specimens, regardless of the corrosion solutions. At longer corrosion times. however, normal specimens showed a rather accelerated corrosion rate compared to the hydrogen-charged specimens. These slower corrosion rates of the hydrogen-charged specimens at the longer corrosion times would be due to the pre-existent Zr-hydride in the matrix, which causes the hydrogen pick- up into the specimen to be depressed, when the oxide with an appropriate thickness formed.


To the Editor:— An opinion expressed inThe Journal, March 7, page 855, in answer to a query from a doctor in California is entirely false and is not held, I am sure, by a majority of urologists. Carcinoma of the prostate differs from carcinoma elsewhere in the body in no particular respect so far as treatment is concerned except for the newer procedures of diethylstilbestrol and castration. An early diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate can and has been repeatedly made, and when made by the urologist trained to do radical prostatectomy, it can and has been repeatedly cured. The problem is one of early diagnosis, and this has been made and confirmed when the lesion is not larger than 1 cm. in diameter. In these cases, confirmation has usually been made by frozen section after perineal exposure, and if after such biopsy the presumptive clinical diagnosis has been


From 1993 to 2010, we have treated 156 patients benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 1,052 patients localized prostate cancer high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Four different HIFU devices, SonablateR‐200, SonablateR‐500, SonablateR‐500 version 4 and Sonablate® TCM, have been used for this study. Clinical outcome of HIFU for BPH did not show any superior effects to transurethral resection of the prostate, laser surgery or transurethral vapolization of the prostate. However, HIFU appears to be a safe and minimally invasive therapy for patients with localized prostate cancer, especially low‐ and intermediate‐risk patients. The rate of clinical outcome has significantly improved over the years due to technical improvements in the device.


When a 20-year-old unemployed black wrote a sympathetic eye-witness report of the September riots, the first reaction of the South African authorities was to confiscate and ban it Johannes Rantete — aged 20, son of a factory worker, matriculated, unemployed, wishing to go on to university but lacking the funds to do so — is, in his own phrase, a 'born newsman'. When Sebokeng, like Sharpeville, Evaton, Katlehong, Soweto and other Vaal Triangle townships, blew up in early September 1984, Rantete got on his bicycle (decorated in 'Rasta' colours) and collected material for an eye-witness account of the turmoil. His account, published as The Third Day of September, includes a powerful statement of the community's viewpoint as he perceives it. In early September Ravan Press was already preparing a new publishing vehicle, the Storyteller Series, in order to stimulate writing and reading at a more popular level than had so far been achieved with Staffrider magazine and the Staffrider Series of books. Rantete's MS started to reach Ravan in chunks immediately after the events he describes took place, and was completed — together with a set of colour photographs — by 14 September. Over the following month Ravan edited and put the MS into production, while Rantete wrote extra sections to keep pace with events. The Third Day of September was published on 14 October, and distribution began immediately, particularly in Sebokeng itself. But distribution was hampered by intense police activity, following 'Operation Palmiet' on 23 October when 7,000 police and soldiers carried out a house-to-house search in Sebokeng, and forced all residents to pass through police checkpoints. In mid-November Ravan received reports that copies of Rantete's book had been confiscated by the police, who would hold them until they had checked with the Publications Directorate as to whether the book was banned. On 23 November Johannes Rantete was detained under Section 29 of the Internal Security Act, 1982. Security police then visited Ravan Press and demanded the photographs which Rantete had delivered with the MS, and which were the basis of the black-and-white sketches which illustrate the book. But, because of their documentary interest, the photos had meanwhile been posted to another Ravan Press author, working on an illustrated history of South Africa since 1976. They never arrived. In a telephone conversation with Ravan Press, a Captain Kruger of the Security Police stated that until the photos were recovered the interrogation of Rantete could not begin. Ravan managed to obtain a photostat set of the photographs and issued this to the police. Rantete was released on 14 December: he had been held in isolation and questioned, but not otherwise ill-treated. Meanwhile on 7 December The Third Day of September was banned. Ravan Press decided to lodge an appeal to the Publications Board, and to apply for a suspension of the ban pending appeal. The application, which was drawn up by Gilbert Marcus of the Centre for Applied Legal Studies, University of the Witwatersrand (author of 'Blacks Treated More Severely', Index on Censorship 6/1984) was heard by Professor Van Rooyen, Chairman of the Appeal Board, on 19 December and a suspension was granted. On 3 January the appeal was successful. Distribution of the book resumed. It went well in the city bookshops because of media attention. But distribution continued to be difficult in Sebokeng itself: the police had succeeded in intimidating both distributors and readership. We publish here the first part of The Third Day of September.


The invention discloses a method for separating bismuth and iron out of a bismuth and iron mixed solution through extraction and ammonium hydroxide decomposition and producing pure bismuth hydroxide and belongs to the field of nonferrous metallurgy. The method comprises the steps of firstly, reducing high-valence iron ions in the bismuth and iron mixed solution into low-valence-state ferrous ionsthrough iron powder, and conducting filtration and separation, so that a low-valence bismuth and iron solution is obtained; then, conducting bismuth extraction and separation through a quaternary ammonium salt extraction agent, so that a bismuth-enriched organic phase and ferrous raffinate are obtained, wherein the ferrous raffinate can be directly applied to iron removal, and reverse extraction is not conducted on the bismuth-enriched organic phase; and directly conducting ammonium hydroxide decomposition on the bismuth-enriched organic phase, so that the bismuth hydroxide is generated, and meanwhile, the quaternary ammonium salt extraction agent is regenerated. According to the method, by means of valence state adjustment and the extraction procedure, the problem of separation of the bismuth and the iron is solved, and the bismuth and the iron are separated thoroughly; then, by means of the innovative ammonium hydroxide decomposition step, dissociation of the bismuth is directly completed, and a bismuth product and the regenerated extraction agent are obtained through one step; the procedure is simplified, and consumption of reagent is reduced; and the problems of separation andseparated utilization, in the wet method bismuth smelting process, of the bismuth and iron solution are solved.


The article presents the results of assessing the comfort potential and development prospects of the urbanized geosystems of Volgograd and Orenburg on the basis of the developed geoinformation index of the urban environment comfort development potential (City Development Potential Index, CDPI). To ensure a comfortable and sustainable living environment in cities, it is necessary to carry out an active environmental impact to reduce the anthropogenic load. Urban green spaces are an important component for improving the well-being and health of citizens. An index was calculated based on indicators of the total area of technical geosystems of the territory, consisting of the sum of the areas of individual functional zones and the ratio of existing and projected natural-anthropogenic components to areas suitable for expanding green areas. Cartographic models have been constructed that reflect the differentiation of urban landscapes. Areas with negative index values have been identified where it is impossible (or minimally possible) to plant greenery on the territory due to the high density of existing anthropogenic geosystems. Low positive index values (from 0 to 0.5) refer to trees and shrubs relatively suitable for planting. The closer the positive value of the indicator to 1, the higher the potential for the development of recreational areas and the lower the existing anthropogenic load of the totality of technogenic subsystems. Calculations of index values for the studied cities showed significant differences related to the features of the planning structure, spatiotemporal development of infrastructure and the relief component of the landscape. The city of Volgograd is characterized by predominantly negative and low positive values of the index. Index values for determining the potential for the development of comfort in the city of Orenburg are much higher.


Phonon anomalies in the intermediate valence compounds SmS, TmSe and YS were studied extensively using a three-body force rigid shell model. Three-body interactions were used because, due to valence fluctuations, the radii of rare-earth ions change significantly and, therefore, the amount of overlap with neighboring chalcogen ions also changes. Change in the radii of the rare-earth ions results in the deformation of the rare-earth ions, whereas change in the amount of overlap with the neighboring chalcogen ion gives rise to long-range three-body interactions between the transferred charges of the lattice. Both of these changes strongly influence the phonon dispersion curves, particularly along the zone boundary. Results obtained from the model are in agreement with the measured data for phonon dispersion as compared to the results obtained using a three-body rigid ion model. Results for Debye temperature variations and two-phonon IR/Raman spectra for these crystals have also been presented, probably for the first time, but could not be compared with experimental data due to their non-availability.


Objective To analyze and clone the differentially expressed genes in nickel transformed cells or their normal cells. Methods Differential Display PCR(DD PCR),TA cloning method,cycle sequencing and Northern blot analysis were used. Results There were some differentially expressed genes that were isolated and cloned in nickel transformed cells or their normal.Of them, at least two genes(named MS 515 and IC 82) were differential.Compared with Genbank, MS 515 was found to share high homology with reported genes,while IC 82 was completely novel. Conclusions Nickel carcinogenisis is various from nickel compounds and individual cell lines.Different nickel compounds can affect different genes in different cells.MS 515 and IC 82,which were cloned and differentially expressed,might play important roles in nickel induced transformation and carcinogenesis.


The present qualitative study investigates the reasons given by 236 Norwegian upper secondary school leaders when they either accepted or refused to take part in a research project. The analysis shows that those who agreed to participate gave two main reasons, while the range of reasons among those who refused was more diverse. Moreover, when making their decisions the school leaders considered the consequences for their schools and their teachers, and to some extent, their students. These findings are discussed in relation to consequence ethics and value judgments, in the hope of contributing to a renewed perspective on research ethics. There is a tendency to consider research ethics a matter of how researchers should treat their participants to safeguard the participants' interests. However, the findings of the present study suggest that it is equally important to understand the participants' perspectives, which will in turn help researchers provide the information needed to better inform, and hopefully recruit participants for research projects.
Key words: accountability, consequence ethics, professional development, reading, research ethics.


ABSTRACT We aimed to identify longitudinal leisure activity profiles among working adults and their links to recovery experiences and job performance. Leisure activities, recovery experiences, and job performance were investigated among 831 employees using survey data collected in spring 2013 (T1) and 2014 (T2). Through latent profile analysis (LPA), four stable longitudinal leisure activity profiles were identified. "Social Sports(wo)men" (46%) engaged in physical and social activities but rarely in creative or cultural activities. "Active Artists" (23%) pursued all leisure activities, particularly creative activities. "Socially & Culturally Inactives" (17%) exercised frequently but seldom engaged in social, cultural or creative activities. "Inactive Soloists" (14%) spent little time on physical activities. "Active Artists" reported most beneficial recovery experiences and job performance. Our results corroborate the importance of leisure activities (particularly diverse and creative activities) in facilitating recovery from work stress and job performance.


Context. The addition of a 28 m Cherenkov telescope (CT5) to the H.E.S.S. array extended the experiment's sensitivity to lower energies. The lowest energy threshold is obtained using monoscopic analysis of data taken with CT5, providing access to gamma-ray energies below 100 GeV for small zenith angle observations. Such an extension of the instrument's energy range is particularly beneficial for studies of active galactic nuclei with soft spectra, as expected for those at a redshift ≥ 0.5. The high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects PKS2155 − 304 ( z = 0 . 116) PG1553 + (0 . 43 < z < 0 . 58) are among the brightest objects in the gamma-ray sky, both showing clear signatures of gamma-ray absorption at E > 100 GeV interpreted as being due to interactions with the extragalactic background light (EBL). fitted in both cases by a log-parabola spectral model (with a 5.0 σ statistical preference for non-zero curvature for PKS2155 − 304 and 4.5 σ for PG1553 + 113), were found consistent with spectra derived from contemporaneous Fermi -LAT data, indicating a sharp break in the observed spectra of both sources at E ≈ 100 GeV. When corrected for EBL absorption, the intrinsic H.E.S.S. II mono and Fermi -LAT spectrum of PKS2155 − 304 was found to show significant curvature. For PG1553 + 113, however, no significant detection of curvature in the intrinsic spectrum could be found within statistical and systematic uncertainties.


Colony forming units in agar (CFU-C) were assayed in both bone marrow and peripheral blood of dogs during haemopoietic recovery after lethal total-body irradiation (1200 R) and allogeneic transfusion of blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from histocompatible donors. MNC had been collected from the peripheral blood by continuous-flow centrifugation leucapheresis and cryopreserved at -196°C until transfusion.

Two groups of dogs were studied. Group 1 dogs (n = 12) were given between 0.39 and 2.76 times 109 MNC per kg body wt. Group 2 dogs (n = 14) were transfused with a similar number of MNC, ranging from 0.51 to 1.87 times 109 per kg body wt., but in addition underwent immuno-suppressive therapy with methotrexate. In group 1 dogs, there was a rather good correlation between the number of CFU-C in the regenerating bone marrow and the recovery of the peripheral blood granulocyte values. The regeneration of the CFU-C population in the bone marrow of methotrexate-treated dogs showed a somewhat more heterogeneous picture than in dogs of group 1 and in dogs that, in a previous study, were transfused with autologous MNC. The minimum time interval required for the reconstitution of peripheral blood CFU-C to normal levels was 2–4 weeks but usually took from 4–14 weeks.


2 Abstract: The importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) for the host countries has been arguable since its emergence. Numerous country-specific and cross-countries studies have been conducted to investigate the impacts of the FDI on host countries from different angles. Review of empirical evidence may help us enhance our understanding about of the effects of the FDI on host countries and to develop a framework that may help if not for all but for most of the host countries in capitalizing FDI. This study reviewed the empirical evidence related to the FDI impacts focusing on economic growth and human capital in the host countries. This study would help to understand which assumptions about the FDI are supported robustly by empirical evidence. Moreover, this study points to various directions for further research.


The Colorado River Bas in experienced t he worst drought on record from 2000 -2004. Though this drought wa s unprece de nted in the observed streamflow record (1906 -present) reconstructed streamflows dating back to 1490 generated from tree -ring chronologies have shown droughts of greater magnitude and duration. Yet , the decision to adopt the informat ion from tree -ring s is not with out question. Alternate techniques to reconstruct streamflows base d on tree -ring s can display different magnitudes of past flow . Though the magnitudes are different these various reconstructions do show similar system state, i.e., wet or dry state . We present a technique to combine reconstructed streamflow state information with the observed records flow magnitude. This a achieved using a nonhomogeneous Markov chain model with kernel smoothing coupled with a K -nearest neighbor sampling al gorithm. The technique is demonstrated for the Lees Ferry stream gauge on the Colorado River. The coupled models retain t he ability to generate basic statistics similar to the observed record while also capturing the state properties of the reconstructed s treamflows.


Background: The tongue controls the bolus during mastication, keeps the bolus in the oral cavity and generates pressure to direct the bolus through the hypopharynx. A decrease in tongue movement and strength can increase the oral and pharyngeal food residues. Food residues have the potential to increase the risk of dental caries. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between tongue strength and the prevalence of dental caries in individuals with Down syndrome.  Methods:  Sixteen children with Down syndrome participated in this cross sectional study; none of them had dysphagia and they had normal diet. The tongue strength was measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) and dental caries were assessed by Decayed – Missing –Filled Teeth Index (DMFT). A speech therapist measured and investigated tongue strength and a dentist did the dental examination and filled out the DMFT form. Results: The mean age of participants was 11.06 (SD=2.83). Most of the participants were female (n=14, 87.50%). All of the subjects had mixed dentition. The mean of tongue strength was 10.23KPas (SD= 7.08). There was no correlation between tongue strength and the total number of DMF plus dmf, according to Pearson correlation (p=0.96; r= -0.01). Conclusion: Tongue strength was very low in these children compared with reports in the literature. There was no correlation between the tongue strength and number of DMF and dmf; the main reason is that the development of dental problems such as caries are multi factorial. In other word there are additional factors apart from poor tongue strength that can cause caries.


The standard cosmological model suggests that after the "Big Bang", 14 billion of years ago, the universe entered a period of expansion and cooling. In the first one millionth of a second appear quarks, gluons, electrons and neutrinos, followed by the appearance of protons and neutrons. In this paper, we describe the "cosmic battle" between gravitation and energy, responsible for the lighter chemical elements and the formation of the stars. We describe the thermodynamics of irreversible processes of systems which are far away from equilibrium, a route that is followed by the universe, seen as a living system.


Based on attention recovery theory, the article investigates the association of healing landscape nodes with stress levels, crowd activity and place atmosphere in Xiling Lake Park in Wu'an City through a questionnaire and SPSS correlation analysis to assess the healing effects of different healing environments. The questionnaire is a systematic documentation of the survey content and data in the form of questions, and SPSS correlation analysis is an analysis of two or more elements of the variables that are correlated to measure the closeness of the correlation between the two variables. Analysis of the data revealed that the Lakeside Fitness Area and the Lakeside Pavilion had the best effect on the recovery of people from stress, etc. The final correlation analysis revealed a significant healing effect of physical and mental immersive natural landscape elements and behavioural interactive landscape elements on human stress. This contributes to the extension of attention recovery theory and the improvement of healing landscape design strategies in urban parks.


Abstract Calymperes schmidtii Broth. in J. Schmidt and C. subintegrum Broth. in J. Schmidt, hitherto regarded as conspecific, are shown to represent distinct species.


In this paper, the specification of fuzzy random quantities is considered for selected cases of problematic information as it appears frequently in engineering practice. The problem of inconsistency regarding uncertainty and imprecision is addressed. Quantification strategies are proposed for the following cases: (i) samples of small size (ii) samples with imprecise elements and (iii) samples obtained under inconsistent environmental conditions. Typical expert knowledge is included in the considerations. For solution, traditional statistical methods are combined with non-stochastic models for dealing with imprecision. Statistical uncertainty and imprecision are reflected separately in the quantification results. The entire range of possible stochastic models is covered and can be forwarded to a structural analysis and reliability assessment. This provides valuable information for subsequent decision-making. The risk of deriving wrong decisions due to biased or narrowed uncertainty quantification can be reduced significantly. The proposed quantification strategies are demonstrated by way of numerical examples.


This paper outlines the significance of enhancing the instantaneous protection reliability of low voltage circuit breakers and describes their main failure modes. The instantaneous failure mechanism of low voltage circuit breakers was analyzed so that measures to improve instantaneous protection reliability can be determined. Furthermore, the theory of the instantaneous characteristics calibration device for low voltage circuit breakers and the method of eliminating the non-periodic component of test current are given in detail. Finally, the test results are presented.


The invention discloses a power converter includes at least one resonance converter circuit; said resonance converter circuit includes main bridge (110) which is connected with input signal (Vin); resonance network (120), one end is connected with the main bridge (110), the other end is connected with the commutating circuit (130); said resonance network (120) includes resonance capacitance (Cm3), the first resonance transformer (T1) and the second resonance transformer (T2), the first resonance transformer (T1) and the second resonance transformer (T2) are in series and then in series with the resonance capacitance (Cm3), then one end is connected with the middle point of the main bridge (110), the other end is connected with the input signal, the middle point of said first resonance transformer (T1) and the second resonance transformer (T2) are connected with the negative end of the output signal (Vout). Two magnetic components of the resonance network in the invention possess function of transferring energy to the secondary border, at the same time the transformer does not need the secondary border winding with central wrapping, the design and production of transformer are more conveniently.


The economic and strategic importance of tungsten is widely recognized, but several concerns exist on its stable future supply. Portugal is one of the main tungsten producers in Europe, having generated ≈121 kt of contained tungsten in mineral concentrates from 1910 to 2020, i.e., ≈3.3% of the global production documented for the same time period. Since the early nineties, tungsten mining in Portugal is confined to the Panasqueira deposit which accounts for 79% of the country reserves (≈5.4 kt). However, according to the performed Generalized Verhulst and Richards curve-fitting forecasts, there is a significant future potential for increasing production in Portugal due to the low (<2%) depletion rates of the remaining known tungsten resources (≈141 kt). This projected growth is not necessarily guaranteed, depending on many unpredictable economic, technological, and political factors, besides appropriate social consents. Even so, a prudent land-use planning oriented to long-term needs should avoid the sterilization of the most relevant tungsten resources so far identified in the country. These are resources of "public importance", as objectively demonstrated with a weighed multi-dimensional (geological, economic, environmental, and social) approach. Safeguarding the access to these resources does not implicate more than ≈6% of the Portugal mainland territory. The joint interpretation of results independently gathered for tungsten production forecasts and for the definition of areas hosting tungsten resources of public importance, provides additional support to political decisions on the urgent need to reconcile mineral exploration surveys and mining with other land uses.


With an increasing need for reduction in energy consumption level and continuing growth of energy use by commercial buildings has created a need to develop innovative techniques to reduce and optimize building energy use. Recently Building Energy Management System (BEMS) have gained popularity because of increasing interest in building energy conservation and savings. Building Energy Management System has the ability to control and monitor the building's energy needs. Building Energy Management System not only provides indoor thermal comfort but also creating a safe and healthy environment within residential buildings including institutional, commercial and industrial buildings and able to reduce energy consumption. In order to improve the overall energy efficiency and save electricity expenditure of the Building lead to electricity saving. The Objective of this paper is to review different methods or techniques suggested by the researchers for controlling and monitoring the energy consumption patterns in buildings. Additionally, it highlights various developed software in Building Energy Management System Especially BEMOSS (Building Energy Management Open Source Software) and also discuss benefits of Building Energy Management System.


Research programmes at the Ph. D. level in Library and Information Science carried out in the universities of India during the six years (2008–2013) have been analyzed to find out the current trends and areas of research, growth pattern and productivity of universities along with broad and narrow subject areas in the discipline. The present study helps the LIS research community to make them aware of the current scenario and direction of research in this era of information and communication technology. To know the current trends in research in library and information science discipline, the special feature i.e. "Theses of the Month" of 'University News-A weekly journal of higher education' is consulted, in which theses submitted and accepted by the Indian Universities is listed regularly. Quite a good results and findings are come out based on data analysis.


Levels of $^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$ populated following the ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ decay of the ${0}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ground state of $^{96}\mathrm{Y}$ have been investigated by \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray and conversion electron singles, \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray multispectral scaling, \ensuremath{\gamma}-\ensuremath{\gamma} and \ensuremath{\gamma}-${\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ coincidence, and \ensuremath{\gamma}-\ensuremath{\gamma} angular correlation measurements. These data have been used to establish the population of eight excited levels of $^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$, to confirm the ${0}^{+}$ assignment of the 2695-keV level, and to determine a half-life of 5.4(1) s for $^{96}\mathrm{Y}$. The deduced beta transition strengths establish the decay to the ground state, with logft of 5.6, as one of the fastest first-forbidden decays known and support the notion of double subshell closure at Z=40 and N=56. The observed strong hindrance of transitions to excited ${0}^{+}$ states is indicative of shape coexistence. The observed level pattern of the band built on the ${0}_{2}^{+}$ state exhibits similarities to nearby vibrational-like nuclei having four valence protons and four valence neutrons. A four-particle, four-hole interpretation of the ${0}_{2}^{+}$ state is supported by the data, and we determine a deformation parameter, ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\sim}0.2, for this intruder bandhead.


In chemical and hydrocarbon industry operational efficiency is improved by model-based solutions. Historical process data plays an important role in the identification and verification of models utilized by these tools. Since most of the used information are measured values, they are affected by errors influencing the quality of these models. Data reconciliaton aims the reduction of random errors to enhance the quality of data used for model development resulting in more reliable process simulators. This concept is applied to the development and validation of the complex process model and simulator of an industrial hydrogenation system. The results show the applicability of the proposed scheme in industrial environment.


After the20th national conference of public security came to the successful close,the regularized construction of police troops has became a topic of general interest in the theoretical field and the reform of police education and training has gradually become important.Presently,the police training is now in full swing in the whole countries and many local public security colleges are trying to find transforming ways.Undoubtedly,the present education and training are lack of theoretical foundation and the reform at present has many problems and puzzles.


For some years now one can observe a fascinating phenomenon regarding development issues – poverty, food security, safeguarding the environment. There is wide agreement on the need to tackle these problems and, at the same time, a visible reluctance to commit the necessary funds. In some areas we have even experienced a reduction of resources, particularly in the field of agriculture and, even more so, in agricultural extension. While "agriculture" was a main thrust of development activities for a number of decades, even the word itself had more or less disappeared in the last few years from official documents, at least in our own country. For some time, extension was seen as something out-dated, to be replaced by...well, that was not quite so clear.


2 INTRODUCTION 3 RELGIOUS ORIENTATION 3 SOCIALLY DESIRABLE RESPONDING 5 PRIMING 6 CONTEXT EFFECTS 7 METHOD 10 PARTICIPANTS 10 MEASURES 10 PROCEDURE 11 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 12 RESULTS 13 REGRESSSION ANALYSIS 14 INT AND EXT ANOVA 14 INT, EXT AND QUE ANOVA 14 INT, EXT, QUE, PRO AND NON ANOVA 15 DISCUSSION 15 LIMITATIONS 19 FUTURE DIRECTIONS 21 REFERENCES 22 TABLE 28 FIGURES 29 CAPTIONS 32 APPENDIX A: SOCIALLY DESIRABLE RESPONDING MEASURE 33 APPENDIX B: RELIGIOUS ORIENTATION MEASURE 38 APPENDIX C: DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY 42 APPENDIX D: INFORMED CONSENT 43 APPENDIX E: ON-LINE STUDY DESCRIPTION 44


Inkjet-printed strain gauges on flexible substrates have recently been investigated for biomedical motion detection as well as the monitoring of structural deformation. This study performed a topographical analysis of an inkjet-printed strain gauge constructed using silver conductive ink on a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate. Serpentine strain-gauge sensors of various thicknesses and widths were fabricated using inkjet printing and oven sintering. The fabricated gauge sensors were attached to curved surfaces, and gauge factors ranging from 2.047 to 3.098 were recorded. We found that the cross-sectional area of the printed strain gauge was proportional to the gauge factor. The correlation was mathematically modelled as y = 0.4167ln(x) + 1.3837, for which the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.8383.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an applicator for a nose cavity with improved medicine application efficiency. SOLUTION: This applicator for the nose cavity is based on a manually activated compressed air source connected to a flow-in groove 8 fro generating a compressed air jet stream, the storage container 3 of a medicine and a measuring device for preparing the division amount of the medicine taken in by the compressed air jet stream and carried through a flow-out groove 9 to the inside of the nose cavity. The measuring device is composed of a measuring drum 5 for which the storage container 3 of the medicine is formed by the inner side of the measuring drum 5. Further, the flow-in groove 8 is connected to one end of a measuring groove 7 and the flow-out groove 9 is connected to the other end of the measuring groove 7. the medicine prepared inside one division room 13 of the measuring drum 5 is pushed out to the inside of the measuring groove 7 by the method of completely taking in the medicine by a compressed air jetting object and carrying it to the inside of the nose cavity. COPYRIGHT: (C)1997,JPO


Quantitative studies of haemopoiesis over a number of years have shown that there are large numbers of small lymphocytes in bone marrow, and the possibility has been raised that these cells could serve as haemopoietic stem cells. This highly colntrov-ersial problem has been reviewed on several occasions, as fresh evidence has accumulated Courtice, 1960a, 1964b). Recent work has thrown new light on the possible potentialities of these cells and has suggested the need for further study of their identity and cellular interrelationships: (a) It has come to be realized that lymphocytes are a functionally heterogeneous group, and that manv of the marrow lymphocytes may be a group sui generis 1964b). (b) Lymphocyte formation may take place in the marrow on a much more extensive scale than had been realized previously (c) Since the use of phytolhaemagglutinin in the culture of blood leucocytes by Hungerford, Donnelly, & Beck and Nowell it has become generally accepted that the small lymphocvtes can pass from an inactive to an active phase (Yoffey, 1964b) and undergo growth and proliferation. A recent paper in this Journal is one of many devoted to a study of the growth of the small lymphocytes. (d) The use of chromosome markers has made it possible to de-nonstrate that marrow cells can repopulate thymus, spleen and lymph nodes (e) Transfusion-protection experiments in lethally irradiated


Aim: This study aimed to examine the opinions of physicians and nurses in the municipalities in Telemark, Norway regarding information given in written reports from the old age psychiatri unit and to examine the usefulness of collaboration when patients leave the hospital.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey. A questionnaire was developed and sent to 497 health professionals. The data were analyzed by both qualitative and quantitative methods.Results: Physicians and nurses in the municipalities have different knowledge and experiences regarding the services offered by the old-age psychiatry hospital. They described the reports from the hospital as informative and useful for further treatment of the patient. Collaboration practices were also evaluated as useful. Ambulant examination of patients and participation in meetings, education and guidance were evaluated as positive approaches.Conclusions: Physicians and nurses in the municipalities in Telemark county expressed satisfaction with the information in the reports and the existing collaboration practice when old age psychiatry patients leave the hospital. They want more of the services offered today.


For the adjustment of control circuits, it is crucial to verify their stability and the extent of changes in some parameters of the controller, such as proportional gain. The calculation procedure uses an algorithm to determine the roots of a polynomial in the transfer function's denominator, which is part of Matlab. An example will demonstrate the use of the algorithm.


Vehicle cornering stability and stable handling are important both from the viewpoints of safety and passenger comfort. To attain superior stability and maneuverability, it is desired that the vehicle system can control lateral velocity and yaw rate at any desired values simultaneously. This requires at least one additional control input, which is independent of the front steering angle. This paper explores the use of the differential torqute (force) between two front wheels, that of two rear wheels, and the rear steering augle as a second control input. The analysis utilizes a linearized vehicle model for lateral and yaw motions. A control algorithm with two independent control inputs, which features gain scheduling mechanism, is presented. Performance evaluation is based on a simulation study on a nonlinear vehicle model and an experimental study with a four wheel steering and four wheel drive laboratory model vehicle.


The real-time identification of the material performance parameter and the real-time prediction of the optimum technical parameter are the two most important factors during the intellectualized control of sheet forming,the time of real-time identification and the precision of real-time prediction straightly influence the success of the intellectualized control of sheet forming.In this paper,the neural network technology was used to realize the identification of the material parameter and the prediction of the optimum technical parameter during the process of cap bending intellectualized control,the input data was provided by the two methods of numerical analysis and experiment,the identification model and the prediction model restraining precision has achieved 0.1% in the data scope provided by numerical analysis and experiment,the precision is enough high to satisfy the request of cap bending intellectualized control.


The IMPROVE System Lumber Drying Program is intended to increase awareness of the lumber drying system as a critical component in the manufacture of quality lumber. Its goals are to help mills improve lumber drying quality and identify sources of drying losses, both grade and volume. The Lumber Drying Program is designed to systematically evaluate the drying operation, thus identifying opportunities to improve drying quality, both in the drying operation and at every prior stage of lumber manufacture. A package of analytical tools for the IMPROVE System is under development. These tools will measure and improve processing efficiency and product quality in sawmills, veneer mills, and plywood plants. They will provide means to evaluate how effectively logs are being converted into end products, to identify opportunities to increase product yield and value, and to predict the results of proposed improvements. Objectives of the IMPROVE Lumber Drying Program are to provide easy-to-use methods and techniques that a kiln operator can use routinely in the course of normal work around the kilns without doing special studies or interfering with production. To help meet these objectives, we have written the Checklist and Guidebook for Softwood Drying Quality. Kiln operators can use the checklist to readily evaluate how well their operations rate on those factors that most strongly affect drying quality. Particular emphases are given to kiln operation as well as kiln maintenance and lumber, handling. The guidebook section explains the importance of each item on the checklist and tells how to evaluate it. It also provides a quick reference on drying quality. It was not our intent to cover all the detailed components of the lumber drying system, nor was that practical. We encourage you to use the checklist and guidebook as guidelines and adapt them to fit your individual situations. Many other maintenance and operating factors are important and should not be neglected, but these do not have as direct a bearing on drying quality. Additional information


〔Abstract〕 This paper aims to identify cultural attitudes reflected in the traditional whaling songs of Japan. A corpus of 50 songs from nine prefectures is analyzed. The findings suggest that the songs may provide some insight into social, folkloric and spiritual attitudes accompanying traditional whaling. These attitudes include veneration of whales and symbolic invocation of both whales and deities. Observing broadly distributed common forms and imagery across the corpus, between songs of different genres and regions, this paper suggests that these songs are local affirmations of a wider social, folkloric and spiritual consensus. In these respects they may be said to differ from the more narrative whaling songs and sea shanties of British and American origin.


The ground-state structures, HOMO–LUMO gaps, singlet–triplet splitting, and the UV–vis absorption spectra for Si, Ge-substituted analogues of the recently synthesized disk-like π-conjugated molecules, like octathio[8]circulene, popularly termed "sulflower", and 2H-benzo[cd]pyrene, popularly termed "olympicene", are studied using density functional theory. Unlike their pure organic counterparts, these molecules are found to be nonplanar with substantial puckering from the high symmetric structures. The origin of puckering is traced to pseudo Jahn–Teller (PJT) distortions due to favorable mixing of the occupied molecular orbitals (OMO) and unoccupied molecular orbitals (UMO). Even though the HOMO–LUMO and singlet–triplet gaps for these molecules are smaller than their organic counterparts, the reorganization energies (both hole, λh, and electron, λe) for the Si, Ge analogues of sulflower and olympicene are much higher. Therefore, these molecules are expected to be rather inefficient for field effect transis...


During the last two decades, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcing bars have been extensively investigated and a number of FRP bars are now commercially available. However, the use of FRP bars as internal reinforcement in concrete structures is still unfamiliar to many practicing Australian engineers. This paper provides an overview on the current research and developments on FRP bars to ensure that Australia is properly informed in the engineering research for this advanced material allowing its responsible introduction and wide use in civil infrastructure. Firstly, research and developments on the application of FRP bars as internal reinforcement in concrete beams, columns and slabs are presented. Secondly, the results of the on-going efforts on the evaluation of the potential use of FRP bars in geopolymer concrete structures are discussed. Thirdly, the concept of material hybridization to develop a viable hybrid FRP bar for concrete structures was presented. Finally, some field applications of the GFRP bars to a number of civil infrastructures in Australia were highlighted.


Through the analysis on the production process of L-TSA oil, the factors of affecting the demulsibility of steam turbine oil are sought from the base oil, additive and blending process. The results show that the degree of clay-refining, water content have serious effects on the demulsibility of base oil, with the result that the demulsibility of steam turbine oil become bad; The dosage of metal deactivator and antirust additive has certain influences on the demulsibility of finished oil; At the same time, the study shows that the demulsibility of steam turbine oil will become bad also when the process of mechanical is polluted by engine oil, especially polluted by diesel engine oil, or when the concentration of partial additives is high due to the illegitimate approach of adding additives.


Hypsugo was regarded as a subgenus of Pipistrellus by many authors, but its generic distinctiveness is now widely accepted. According to recent taxonomic arrangements, nine species are known to occur in Southeast Asia. During the investigation of material recently collected from Lao PDR and Vietnam we identified an additional species and hence describe it here as Hypsugo dolichodon n. sp. It resembles H. pulveratus, but is larger with conspicuously long canines and differs considerably in the DNA barcode gene sequence.


One one-thousandth of a milliliter of a blood broth culture of hemolytic streptococcus Type 30, Gay strain, when injected intrapleurally in rabbits is uniformly fatal to normal animals (18/18). This same strain of streptococcus injected subcutaneously at the angle of the jaw produces a severe local infection, but the majority of animals survive and develop antibodies to one or more of the antigens of this strain. When anti M precipitins and skin sensitivity develop, animals are usually protected against subsequent intrapleural infection with the same organism (11/14). When anti M precipitins and skin sensitivity do not develop, animals die of subsequent intrapleural infection (7/7). When anti M precipitins and skin sensitivity are partially neutralized by previous intravenous injection of M antigen, animals usually survive reinfection (3/5). When anti M precipitins and skin sensitivity are completely neutralized by previous intravenous injection of M antigen, animals usually die following subsequent infection (10/11). On the other hand, when anti C precipitins and skin sensitivity are neutralized by intravenous injection of Group A "C" antigen, previous to challenge, the immunity of the animals is usually unaffected and they resist intrapleural infection with the streptococcus (7/8). In all eight of these animals M antibodies still remained. Antibodies and skin sensitivity to the nucleoprotein Cl8K appear irregularly and without relation to immunity.


An approach to building information system of the smart city, based on the technology of SOA is discussed in the paper. The proposed approach will improve the manageability of the system, increase its speed and reliability, as well as no less important to provide security.


The tank sloshing problem is very important at design time in LNG/LPG ships. This problem causes impulsive loads to ship structures and is often treated as a non-linear one. In order to estimate these impulsive loads, properly many studies have been carried out through both experimental and numerical approaches. Impulsive pressure on the wall of a tank induced by forced multi-degree oscillations is focused in this research. It is shown in the past authors' experiment that forced multi-degree oscillations cause stronger impulsive pressure as compared to individual oscillations. Numerical analysis by a particle method based on finite volume technique is introduced in this study to simulate the above phenomena. The suggested particle method is shown to be useful for simulating a strong nonlinear phenomenon. The authors discuss the calculated results of pressure time history with the experimental results.


Since the publication by the palæontographical Society of the third part of my monograph of the 'Eocene Mollusca', containing descriptions of the several Eocene species of Cypræa then known, I have obtained from the beds in the New Forest, foeming parts of the Bracklesham Bay series, several additional species; and Mr. Wetherell has also been so fortunate as to obtain another remarkably fine species from the cutting lately made near Highgate for the Highgate and Edgeware Railway. I now forward descriptions of these new Cyprœœ for publication in 'The Geological Magazine;' and I avail myself of the same opportunity to correct an error committed by me in the same part of my monograph, in referring to Marginella pusilla, a species described by me from High Cliff, a small Marginella from Headon Hill, which I now propose to seperate under the specific name œstuarina.


Why Even Attend Conventions? General Strategies for Convention Survival Mastering the Convention Program Program Formats Their Differences and You Convention Session Etiquette Surviving Your Own Professional Presentations Meeting Your Social Needs Surfing the Exhibits for Products and Publishers Money Matters and Traveling Smartly Communicating and Getting Involved Expanding Your Professional Networks Accentuating the Positive Coping with Fears and Getting the Most Out of the Convention


It has been recognized that mechanical stress arising from elevated fluid flow and variations in osmolarity is an important regulator of the water‐electrolyte transport in the real tubule. The collecting duct is the terminal segment of the renal tubule, which is commonly exposed to the highest level of mechanical forces. It consists of electrically uncoupled principal and intercalated cells having different morphology and discrete functional roles. Using genetic animal models, we previously demonstrated that mechano‐activated TRPV4 and TRPC3 Ca2+‐permeable channels mediate responses to high flow and hypotonicity, respectively. However, both channels are not considered to be truly mechanosensitive, but rather being activated in response to a primary putative mechanosensor. Piezo1 has been recently identified as a Ca2+‐permeable channel directly activated by the plasma membrane stretch. Piezo1 expression has been found in the renal epithelia, but its role in mechanosensitive Ca2+ signaling is not known. Here, we used freshly isolated split‐opened cortical collecting ducts to show that selective Piezo1 activators, YODA‐1(20uM) and Jedi2 (500uM) acutely increase [Ca2+]i in both principal and intercalated cells. The responses were abolished when extracellular Ca2+ was buffered with EGTA suggesting a direct Ca2+ influx via Piezo1. Interestingly, we detected two disparate calcium responses to Piezo1 activation with the majority (70%) cells showing a fast transient response with a sustained plateau, whereas the remaining (30%) population had much slower gradual calcium increase, to the same plateau level. The subsequent immunofluorescent analysis revealed that the cells with rapid responses to Piezo1 stimulation express AQP2, a selective marker of principal cells. In contrast, AQP2‐negative intercalated cells matched the population of cells with the slow response. Genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of TRPV4 and TRPC3 (with GSK2193874 and Pyr10, respectively) did not affect Piezo1‐dependent elevations in [Ca2+]i arguing against a functional link between channel activation with flow‐ and osmo‐sensitive Ca2+ signaling. In summary, our results demonstrate that Piezo1 is functional in both principal and intercalated cells of the collecting duct with a greater expression in the former. Activation of the channel is not directly associated with mechanosensitive Ca2+ signaling via TRPV4 and TRPC3. Future studies are necessary to unravel the significance and physiological roles of different Piezo1 expression in principal and intercalated cells of the collecting duct.


Epithelia maintain an effective barrier by actively remodeling cell-cell junctions in response to mechanical stimuli. Cells often respond to mechanical stress through activation of RhoA and dynamic remodeling of actomyosin. Previously, we found that local leaks in the epithelial tight junction barrier are rapidly repaired by localized, transient activation of RhoA, a process we termed "Rho flares", but how Rho flares are initiated remains unknown. Here, we discovered that intracellular calcium flashes occur in Xenopus laevis embryonic epithelial cells undergoing rapid remodeling of tight junctions via activation of Rho flares. Calcium flashes originate at the site of leaks and propagate into the cell. Depletion of intracellular calcium or inhibition of mechanosensitive calcium channels (MSC) reduced the amplitude of calcium flashes and diminished the activation of Rho flares. Furthermore, MSC-dependent calcium influx was necessary to maintain global barrier function by regulating repair of local tight junction proteins through efficient contraction of junctions. Collectively, we propose that MSC-dependent calcium flashes are an important mechanism allowing epithelial cells to sense and respond to local leaks induced by mechanical stimuli.


List of Spanish language films approved and available at Spokane Falls Community College Library List of all Spanish Films DVD and VHS August 2013


1. The inlet guide vane driving apparatus comprising: a drive ring having a first connector for connecting the drive rod and accommodating the rod on the pivot center of the drive ring in the axial direction, crank pins, the first ends of which are respectively connected to a corresponding second connector located on rotary center of the drive ring in axial direction, crank arms, each of which has a third connector attached respectively to toromu corresponding end of the crank shaft and respectively to the blades associated with the nozzle, and a third connector located on the rotation center of the drive ring in axial napravlenii.2. Inlet guide vane driving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the crank levers are connected to said blades splined soedineniem.3. Inlet guide vane driving apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the spline centered vtulkoy.4. Inlet guide vane driving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drive ring, crank pins and crank arms are disposed in the same plane of the four-rod mehanizmy.5. Inlet guide vane driving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drive ring is rotated around said rotary axial center either clockwise or counterclockwise depending on the direction of movement of the drive sterzhnya.6. Inlet guide vane driving apparatus according to claim 4, which is smaller in size than the apparatus in which the components of the four-rod IU


This article examines research literature on educational hypermedia design and divides the literature into two groups, one advocating no author control of the user's path through the material, the other advocating varying degrees of control. The no control researchers' work is determined to be lacking in audience and goals analyses as well as results evaluation while the researchers advocating control lack grounding in theory.


High-power LED lamp color (1) with an infrared remote control function, a reflector (10), (22) comprises an LED module (20) having metallic connection elements and at least two LED modules, and a lamp housing (30, 30 ') having a control board (31, 31') and a light connection element (34, 34 ', 34' ') which wherein in the reflector (10) and in particular on the back of the reflector, a reflector connecting element (16) having a through hole (12) and further comprising a light line opening (13) are arranged, wherein the LED module (20) comprises a base socket (21, 24) which is directly connected to the back of the reflector (10) is connected and from which the contained on it LED chips (22) in the reflector, wherein the base cap (21, 24) having metallic connection elements to which the LED chips (22) are connected, wherein said lamp housing (30, 30 ') to the back of the reflector (10) is connected, wherein the control board (31, 31 '), an infrared receiver (33, 33') extending in line with the ...


This study focuses on the mental health and the role of resilience in Mexican refugees in the El Paso, Texas border region who experienced acts of violence, extortion, kidnapping, torture, arson, or other traumatic events in Mexico. This is an exploratory study that uses using mixed methods. We gathered data using: the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and the O'Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. We conducted extended interviews with adult participants (n=30) who escaped from the violence in Mexico to El Paso. Surprisingly, results did not show evidence of post- traumatic stress disorder. On the contrary, participants were highly resilient. Among the major themes that emerged from the interviews, cultural components identified by the participants consisted of: support to families (familism), the ability to talk to others about their own experiences (personalism), the idea that they have no control over their situation (fatalism), and putting things in God's hands (faith), which mediate the effects of the experienced violence.


Computer assisted proofs in topological dymamics consist of three steps: the construction of a sufficiently good multivalued representation of the dynamical system based on rigorous numerics, the combinatorial computations of topological invariants which provide some information about the dynamical system and finally applying the relevant theory which allows to draw conclusions of interest from the computed topological invariants. In order to obtain a multivalued representation of the dynamical system it is necessary to integrate it in a rigorous way to obtain bounds for the trajectories. This is achieved by applying some kind of Taylor expansion, for instance the Lohner method performed in interval arithmetic to include bounds for rounding errors (comp. [9]). The associated wrapping effect and exponential growth of error bounds causes that this process is computationally very expensive and in some cases impossible to carry out. One of the methods used to overcome the problems is the introduction of intermediate sections but even this method in some situations fails. In this note we present a modification of the method of intermediate sections, which can significantly extend the range of problems in dynamical systems solvable by means of computer assisted proofs based on topological tools. Throughout the paper N, Z, Q, R, C denote respectively the sets of positive integers, integers, rational numbers, real numbers and complex numbers. For n ∈ N we denote by Zn the additive group of integers modulo n. Given a subset A of a topological set X by clX A, intX A and bdX A we denote respectively the closure, the interior and the boundary of A in X. When X is clear from the context, we drop the subscript X.


The maker movements, a general term for the rise of inventing, designing, and tinkering, and the addition of engineering standards to the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) have spawned a major evolution in technology classes throughout the country. At Georgia Institute of Technology, a new curriculum attempts to bring the maker movement to high school audiences through both curricular and extra-curricular channels. The curriculum is structured around engineering standards and learning goals that reflect design and advanced manufacturing content, along with employability skills, while borrowing best practices from 'wood shop' and 'technology education' classes. The hope is that this course will bolster many of the 'Attributes of Engineers in 2020' described by the National Academy of Engineering and 21 Century Skills—these skills and attributes can be beneficial to any college or career path, not just one in engineering. The course incorporates design-build activities into entrepreneurial and business contexts, providing relevance to foundational math skills and science practices while integrating problem solving and cutting-edge technology. The course requires that students draw and render design concepts, communicate design concepts to their peers and clients, fabricate design artifacts, and document their requirements and decisions while engaging in the engineering


Author(s): Jacobs, Lara A.; Blacketer, Michael P.; Peterson, Brian A.; Levithan, Elena; Russell, Zachary A.; Brunson, Michael | Abstract: In March 2020, many United States-based parks and protected area (PPA) managers implemented disease control measures (e.g., park and facility closures) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. This thought-piece considers expected transformations in PPAs during unprecedented circumstances. We employ a challenges and opportunities framework to explain pandemic-induced alterations in visitor accessibility, PPA management, and scientific research. We acknowledge the complex difficulties that visitors, managers, and researchers may experience during pandemics and provide a listing of opportunities that result from these challenges. We suggest that PPA managers explore alternative solutions that maintain recreation access during future times of uncertainty. Maintaining access allows PPAs to continue serving as places for healthy recreation and restoration for park visitors and may create new opportunities for visitors, managers, and researchers. We underline the necessity to include human disease impacts into adaptive management frameworks and the shifting needs for current and prospective research. These details can affect the availability and accessibility of PPAs, how managers approach and adapt to unusual circumstances, and the focus of future recreation research. [This is a paper from "Systemic Threats to Parks a Protected Areas," the 2020 George Wright Society Student Summit.]


The contact voltage-drop of counterpart contacts in the closing course of electromagnetism relay is observed and recorded in its failure test using dynamic contact resistance measurement system. It is found that the voltage-drop varies with time, and its waveform takes on complicated variation and attenuation. Meanwhile, the contact goes through a process of dynamic bouncing, tiny vibration and static state with time. The analysis on test data shows that the contact failure of relay, to a certain extent, is related to the bouncing time and the maximum value of contact resistance in the closing course. Therefore, the curve variation law of bouncing time to operating times and contact resistance maximum can be considered synthetically for failure predication of relay contacts.This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.003603511).


Bimetallic nanoparticles exhibit advantageous catalytic, optical and electrical properties and among
the various methods of synthesis of nanoparticles, green synthesis gained great attention due to its
simplicity, cost effective, ecofriendly and versatility. In view of this, the present work intended to
synthesize the ZnO-CuO bimetallic nanoparticles using aqueous root extract of Suaeda maritima (L.)
Dumort. The bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized were observed to be spherical in shape with particle
size in the range of 20-45 nm and the particles were distributed with less aggregation. The synthesized
nanoparticles have 41% of zinc element and 33% copper with hexagonal phase crystalline structure of
zinc oxide and monoclinic copper oxide phase. The synthesized ZnO-CuO bimetallic nanoparticles
were used for the hydro-dechlorination of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and 3-chlorophenol. The results indicated
that rapid dechlorination was observed during the initial time of study. The percentage dechlorination
of 19.37 ± 0.243 and 15.52 ± 0.193% was observed within 5 min of the study for 1,2-dichlorobenzene
and 3-chlorophenol, respectively. The high % dechlorination was achieved within 25 min wherein the
% dechlorination was observed to be 93.35 ± 0.103 and 89.75 ± 0.091 for 1,2-dichlorobenzene and 3-
chlorophenol, respectively. This study reports the cost-effective and eco-friendly method for synthesizing
ZnO-CuO bimetallic nanoparticles that can utilize for the dechlorination of various polychlorinated
aromatic compounds in natural samples.


ABSTRACT This study focuses on feminist community work in addressing violence against women, particularly intimate partner violence. With reference to a case study conducted in Finland on intimate partner violence we ask, (1) What are the central features of feminist community work in addressing violence against women and (2) What guides feminist community work in preventing the violence? The analysis brings forth three aspects of feminist community work that are crucial in preventing violence against women: (1) gaining a diverse understanding of female victims and their experiences, (2) using different community-based methods and spaces to approach the issue, and (3) forming partnerships with agents and agencies. Our findings show that increasing people's awareness of violence through feminist community work may prevent intimate partner violence and bring best results when guided by a perspective on gender as a social construct and by an intersectional and holistic approach to violence.


Objective:To investigate the therapeutic possibility and effect of the serious spine and spinal cord injuried patients by reduction and dorsal vertebral decompression through one sideway vertebral pedicle,and by recombinant allograft through the vertebral pedicle and the pedicle screw internal fixation.Method:After reduction or dorsal vertebral decompression by osteotomy,and recombinant allograft with special made annular saw cannula through one sideway vertebral pedicle,classified and typed patients by X-ray and CT,evaluated their therapeutic effects at the same time,evaluated recovery of spinal cord function by Frank grade.Result:Patients except A grade have improved 1~2 grade.Corrected kyphosis angle of the patients no infection and no disrupted screws reduces averagely 3°;some have the early postoperative responses to recombinant allograft,but these responses vanished after several weeks.Conclusion:Reduction and dorsal vertebral decompression by osteotomy through one sideway vertebral pedicle can attain the ideal effect to decompress spinal cord,and it is simple,safe and effective by recombinant allograft and vertebral pedicle screw internal fixation.


In this paper, we consider a multi-coil diffusion MRI system and compare the achievable performance bounds for two image reconstruction methods using, respectively, the Matched Filtering (MF) and the Sum-of-Squares (SoS) techniques. This performance comparison is related to the parameter estimation accuracy of the multi-tensor diffusion model expressed in terms of Cramér-Rao Bounds (CRB). In particular, this analysis allows us to thoroughly quantify the large gain in favor of the MF approach and to illustrate the significant acquisition time reduction we can obtain if we replace the standard SoS technique by the MF-based one.


Introduction A highly specific, rapid, robust and sensitive assay for Factor Xa (FXa) activity will greatly improve monitoring and optimization of anticoagulant therapy by direct FXa inhibitors and by low molecular weight (LMW) heparins. We have developed a new point-of-use diagnostic system that will provide results in less than 30 minutes, enabling rapid medical decisions based on quantitation of FXa activity and anticoagulant drugs in patients' blood. Anticoagulant therapy with unfractionated or LMW heparins needs aggressive monitoring in pregnant women, patients with renal insufficiency, and neonates, in particular in cases of treatment-related side effects, including heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and bleeding tendency (Chest, 2008). New oral anticoagulants rivaroxaban (Xarelto®) and apixaban (Eliquis®) have been effective in reducing risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, and in preventing and treating deep vein thrombosis. Both drugs directly inhibit FXa and have significant therapeutic potential as an alternative to warfarin. Unlike warfarin, these drugs do not require constant monitoring and dose adjustment to maintain anticoagulation within the therapeutic interval. However, excessive anticoagulation and consequent hemorrhage risks have been sufficiently common problems to warrant clinical development of specific antidotes for FXa inhibitors. Currently available anti-Xa heparin assays may not be appropriate for rivaroxaban and apixaban measurements. Additionally, recently published data indicate that new oral anticoagulants interfere with the measurement of common test parameters, expanding the need for more specific diagnostic tests (Clinical Chemistry, February 2013). This novel rapid and specific FXa assay will allow monitoring LMW heparins and the new FXa inhibitors, identify heparin-refractory patients as well as those requiring antidotes to oral Factor Xa inhibitors, in addition to directly measuring FXa activity in patients with inherited deficiency of Factor X, congenital antithrombin deficiency, and acquired FXa deficiencies. Method A diagnostic assay to measure FXa activity in human plasma using electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology was developed at Wellstat Diagnostics, LLC. The assay utilizes a synthetic peptide containing an FXa substrate sequence that is recognized by specific antibodies (labeled with an ECL-active ruthenium chelate) only after specific cleavage by FXa protease. The resulting ECL signal is directly proportional to FXa activity within the physiological range. The assay has been adapted to also provide quantitative measurement of activity of anticoagulant drugs that inhibit FXa. In the modified format the resulting ECL signal is inversely proportional to the concentration of rivaroxaban, apixaban or heparin in plasma. Results The ECL-based assay measures activity of anticoagulant drugs on FXa in human plasma with high intra- and inter-assay reproducibility, accuracy and specificity. Using FX-deficient plasma spiked with Factor X in the range 1-100 ng/mL, we have demonstrated linear increases of ECL signal directly proportional to the concentration of spiked Factor X activated by a specific Russell Viper Venom activator. Serial dilutions of anticoagulant drugs rivaroxaban, apixaban and enoxaparin (LMW heparin) in normal donor plasma showed exponential decreases of ECL signal in the range of concentrations relevant to the therapeutic doses of all three drugs. The dynamic range of the drug detection was 15 - 500 ng/mL for rivaroxaban and apixaban, and 0.2 - 2 IU/mL of enoxaparin. The assay was specific to activity of FXa, while insensitive to variable concentrations of other clotting factors in human plasma, as well as to the presence of other drugs in plasma that don't directly inhibit FXa. Conclusions The point-of-use FXa assay is shown to be highly specific, robust, rapid and reproducible for measurements of anticoagulant activity of apixaban, rivaroxaban and enoxaparin in human plasma. Use of this point-of-use system for monitoring anticoagulant therapy may be further extended to measure other blood clotting factors (for example, Factor IXa, VIIa, FVIII), for monitoring activity of drugs acting on these factors and for rapid diagnosis of coagulation disorders. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Everyone has read of the impending energy and food shortages. In addition, the headlines scream that the chlorofluorocarbon gases used as propellants for most aerosol cans and as refrigerants are going up into the stratosphere; there, they are supposed to be destroying the ozone layer that protects the earth from deadly ultraviolet radiation. And at least one scientist has predicted an early return of the ice age. These and similar stories all have at least two things in commonthey help to sell newspapers, and they demonstrate there is a great deal unknown in many areas of science and technology. This is especially true in the water-supply field as the decade of the 1980s approaches. A 1972 study done by Resources for the Future for the Commission on Population Growth and the American Future reports that eight of the 22 water regions in the US face water deficiencies by 1980; by the turn of the century at least half the water regions may have water deficiency problems. Today these figures seem very conservative in view of new demands for large quantities of water to meet expanding agricultural and energy production needs in the US, especially in the West.


Key Words-Linear control systems; robust control; large-scale systems; singular-value decomposi- tion; structured singular value; symmetric circulant plants. Ahstraet-Plant structure is utilized for the simplification of system analysis and controller synthesis. For plants where the directionality is independent of frequency, the singular-value decompositioin (SVD) is used to decouple the system into nominally independent subsystems of lower dimension. In


Magnetic flux leakage(MFL) measurement is the most widely used non-destructive evaluation technique for in-service inspection of gas and oil pipelines.A new de-noising algorithm was presented for removing the seamless pipe noise(SPN) and the system noise contained in the MFL data.The algorithm utilizes the wavelet transform domain adaptive filtering method by combining the wavelet transform and the adaptive filtering technique to remove the SPN contained in the MFL data,and then exploits the coefficients de-noising approach with wavelet transform to cancel the system noise in the output MFL data of the wavelet transform domain adaptive SPN rejection system.The application results of the proposed algorithm to the MFL data from field tests were presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.


Development of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) phase change material (PCM) is a popular research topic. Chemical reactions between the PEG and additive degrade the energy storage density obviously. We prepare a PEG8000/copper‐based oxide composite to solve this problem. FT‐IR results show that the molecular structure of the PEG8000 polymer does not change, thereby, indicating that no chemical reactions occur. Crystallization temperature of the composite is increased by 4.8 °C, corresponding to the formation of the hydrogen bond during the exothermic process. Crystallization fraction (Fc) of the composites is over 100% on the role of the interface effect. The present study represents an important step toward the development of composite PCMs with highly comprehensive performance.


The foraging constancy of the solitary bee, Trichocolletes sp., was documented in a semi-arid ecosystem where three morphologically similar legumes co-occur. To quantify the degree of floral similarity among the forage plants, Dillwynia hispida, Dillwynia uncinata and Pultenaea densifolia, discriminant function analysis of petal dimensions and a spectral analysis of corolla colour was undertaken. Petal size varied moderately among species resulting in 2–14% of specimens being misclassified, usually as D. uncinata. Subtle variation in corolla colour in the ultraviolet wavelengths contributed to the distinctiveness of each species. All three species exhibit an UV-absorbing region at the base of the standard petal which contrasts sharply with the rest of the UV-rerlecting petal. Between 450 nm and 470 nm, per cent reflectance drops for D. hispida and P. densifolia, but remains steady for D. uncinata. Above 480 nm, parts of the standard petal in all species reflect similar amounts of light with little variation exhibited among species. Nectar was only offered by D. hispida and D. uncinata, whereas P. densifolia produced an excess of pollen which may serve as a reward. Despite the subtle differences in floral morphology and rewards among these sympatric legumes, Trichocolletes bees only remained faithful to a given species in 43% of 183 interplant flights. Inconstant foraging by Trichocolletes sp. increases the pool of resources because rewards in all three legume species can be obtained in exactly the same manner.


Photograph of Charles Brantley Aycock. Image from the North Carolina Historic Sites. [4]Charles Brantley Aycock, governor of North Carolina, was born on a farm near Fremont in the broad, flat valley of the Neuse River [5]. Ancestors of his father, Benjamin Aycock, and his mother, Serena Hooks, had come to the valley from England during the colonial period. Benjamin and Serena Aycock were industrious, thrifty, and pious, and both had a good sense of management. About 1840 they settled in a house on 50 acres of land. By 1860 they had accumulated 1,036 acres, and in 1863 they owned 13 slaves. Benjamin Aycock participated avidly in the Primitive Baptist church and the Democratic party. He served in the North Carolina Senate from 1863 to 1866 and for eight years was clerk of court of Wayne County [6]. In the senate he distinguished himself by his willingness to centralize power in the Confederate government and his unwillingness to elevate the status of the Negro.


Abstract Left-behind children are one of the main issues in China's child welfare services. The change in the family environment has destroyed these children's original levels of resilience. Hence social service and support from social organizations are needed. The study examines the impact of different types of social support social organizations provide to enhance the resilience of left-behind children in rural China. Types of social support analyzed include material, mental, informational, behavioral, and social interaction support. Data was collected from 384 rural left-behind children using a pre-coded questionnaire. Respondents were randomly selected from Guangxi, China in 2022. They had an average age of 12.781 years, with 45.83% male and 54.17% female. Multiple linear regression was used to conduct an empirical analysis of the different types of social support provided by social organizations. The results found that material, mental, informational, and behavioral support provided by social organizations had significant effects on the resilience of rural left-behind children in China. Further research should be conducted on the importance of providing material, mental, informational, and behavioral support to left-behind children to better help improve their resilience.


We present a simple algebraic procedure that can be applied to solve a range of quantum eigenvalue problems without the need to know the solution of the Schrödinger equation. The procedure, presented with a pedagogical purpose, is based on algebraic consistency conditions that must be satisfied by the eigenvalues of a couple of operators proper of the problem. These operators can be either bilinear forms of the raising and lowering operators appropriate to the problem, or else auxiliary operators constructed by resorting to the factorization of the Hamiltonian. Different examples of important quantum-mechanical textbook problems are worked out to exhibit the clarity and simplicity of the algebraic procedure for determining the spectrum of eigenvalues without knowing the eigenfunctions. For this reason the material presented may be particularly useful for undergraduate students or young physicists.


We introduce an algorithm aimed to identify large-scale filaments founded on the conception that these structures are bridges of matter that connect high density peaks. Our method is based on two standard tools, the Minimal Spanning Tree (MST) and the Friends of Friends (FoF) algorithm. Briefly, the complete process consists of five stages. Initially, we use the FoF algorithm to select intermediate density regions to stave off underdense zones (voids). Next, we build the MST by restricting it only to the regions defined in the previous step. Then the tree is pruned according to the length of its branches keeping the most dominant and discarding the more tenuous ones. Finally, the filaments are individualised according to the mass of the ends and smoothed using a B-spline fitting routine.
To assess the results of the filament finder we apply it to a cosmological simulation. By focusing our analysis on those filaments whose halos at the ends have large masses, we found that the radial density profile, at scales around $1\, h^{-1} \mathrm{Mpc}$, follow a power law function with index -2. Even though the method only relies on halo positions, it is capable to recover the expected velocity field in filamentary structures. Large infall velocities coming from low density environment approach perpendicularly to the filaments and diverges toward to the ends. By studying the transverse velocity dispersion, we estimate the dynamical linear density following Eisenstein et al. (1997), finding a good correspondence between that and the actual mass per unit length of the filaments.


In computer science education (CSEd) it is a well-known challenge to create learning environments in which everyone can experience equal opportunities to identify themselves with the subject, get involved, and feel engaged. Especially for underrepresented groups such as girls or not computer enthusiasts, CSEd seems to lack sufficient opportunities at its current state. In this paper, we present a novel approach of using interdisciplinary online courses in the context of bee mortality and discuss the possibilities of such courses to enhance diverse learning in CSEd. We report summarized findings from a one-year period, including 16 workshops where over 160 secondary school students (aged 10-16) have participated in our online courses. Pre-test-post-test surveys have been conducted to gain insights into students' perceptions and attitude changes. The results show the potential of such interdisciplinary approaches to spark interest in computer science (CS) and to raise positive feelings toward programming. Particularly striking are the results from differentiated analyses of students grouped by characteristics such as low initial self-efficacy, coding aversion, or less computer affinity. We found multiple significant effects of our courses to impact students of those groups positively. Our results clearly indicate the potential of interdisciplinary CSEd to address a more diverse audience, especially traditionally underrepresented groups.


REFLECTOR ANTENNA DEPLOYABLE. According to the Invention, THIS INCLUDES REFLECTOR STRUCTURE ARTICULEE 11, 13 ON WHICH CAN BE MOUNTED ONE SHELL reflector 15, WHICH IS ADJUSTABLE THANKS TO FORM LINKS TENSION 16. EQUIPMENT OF SATELLITES.


We report an investigation and a theoretical assessment of energy loss prediction in crystalline and amorphous soft magnetic materials. There were tested a sample made from non-oriented silicon iron (NO FeSi) M800-65A, industrial type alloy, cut longitudinally to the rolling direction and a toroidal sample of Co67Fe4B14.5Si14.5 amorphous ribbon. The losses behaviour of the crystalline NO FeSi strip was studied as function of frequency in the range of 5 Hz to 200 Hz at a given magnetic polarization (Jp) of 0.5 T and 1 T. In the case of the amorphous Co-based ribbon the losses variation was studied as function of frequency in the range of 5 Hz to 10 kHz at a given magnetic polarization of 20 mT. Using the concept of loss separation for the data analysis, in the approximation of linear magnetization law and low frequency limit, it can be considered in both cases, that the excess losses can be quantitatively assessed within the theoretical framework of the statistical loss model based on magnetic object theory.


"The will of power" is the important resource for the Chinese literature in the first half of the 20th century. However, the school of the warring-states strategy which kernel thought is "the will of power" is indentified as "the Fascist literature". The reason is that the intrinsic value and social effect of the doctrine has greatly changed with the handoff of the period, especially after Sino-Japan war. Besides, the members' misreading and discrepant interpretation of the doctrine should also be considered.


Assia Djebar's literary work is based on a dichotomy of space that reflectsthe gender segregation in Muslim society where women are confined to thedomestic space while men occupy the public space. By analyzing Djebar'sautobiographical novel Fantasia: An Algerian Cavalcade (1985), we aim toconsider the male-female binary opposition and its migration to a hybrid spacecentered on the French language – the language of the former colonizer. Thisgenerates what the author calls her androgynous state representing, in a Platonicsense, the union of masculine and feminine. Djebar argues that the Frenchlanguage allows her to cross the line that separates the sexes in Muslim society.Thus, this type of writing that refuses bipolarity generates a linguisticwandering characterized by plurality and movement.


Part 1 Introduction: why semiconductors? technology and technological change the new diplomacy - an introduction survey of the argument. Part 2 Perspectives and tools: setting the scene the EC perspective the firm perspective the international system perspective the theoretical agenda. Part 3 Government and industry - the early years: the development of semiconductor technology the commercial development of the semiconductor industry the loss of European competitiveness in semiconductor production the post-champion nature of the European based semiconductor industry. Part 4 EC governance and policies for semiconductors: the development of EC policy for semiconductors the firm-Commission bargain why target electronics? towards an understanding of European chip policy EC involvement in research and development policy partnerships - the liberal policy mask the interventionist consensus EC strategic targeting of electronics intra-Commission rivalries in the creation of electronics policy the main policy actor for electronics policy and competitiveness. Part 5 Firm strategy and European collaboration: corporate collaboration corporate technology policy JESSI - a study in chip collaboration JESSI - the private sector participant perspective JESSI - a self-evaluation the restructuring of JESSI JESSI - critical conclusions Eureka/JESSI as frameworks for inter-firm collaboration corporate motives for European collaboration - an assessment. Part 6 Power and policy in the international system: government-industry collaboration in the United States SEMATECH - the domestic partnership government-industry collaboration in Japan - the VLSI project international semiconductor trade policies and their impact on EC policy direction. Part 7 Conclusions: the creation of EC semiconductor policy the control of EC semiconductor policy some consequences of EC semiconductor policy a neofunctionalist rationale for policy partnership implications for theory.


BACKGROUND
Atheroablation yields improved clinical results for balloon angioplasty (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, PTCA) in the treatment of diffuse in-stent restenosis (ISR).

METHODS AND RESULTS
We compared the mechanisms and clinical results of excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) versus rotational atherectomy (RA), both followed by adjunct PTCA; 119 patients (158 ISR lesions) were treated with ELCA+PTCA and 130 patients (161 ISR lesions) were treated with RA+PTCA. Quantitative coronary angiographic and planar intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) measurements were performed routinely. In addition, volumetric IVUS analysis to compare the mechanisms of lumen enlargement was performed in 28 patients with 30 lesions (16 ELCA+PTCA, 14 RA+PTCA). There were no significant between-group differences in preintervention or final postintervention quantitative coronary angiographic or planar IVUS measurements of luminal dimensions. Angiographic success and major in-hospital complications with the 2 techniques were also similar. Volumetric IVUS analysis showed significantly greater reduction in intimal hyperplasia volume after RA than after ELCA (43+/-14 versus 19+/-10 mm(3), P<0.001) because of a significantly higher ablation efficiency (90+/-10% versus 76+/-12%, P = 0.004). However, both interventional strategies had similar long-term clinical outcome; 1-year target lesion revascularization rate was 26% with ELCA+PTCA versus 28% with RA+PTCA (P = NS).

CONCLUSIONS
Despite certain differences in the mechanisms of lumen enlargement, both ELCA+PTCA and RA+PTCA can be used to treat diffuse ISR with similar clinical results.


Fish and mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) differ in the amino acid residues placed between their conserved cysteines. We have expressed the MT of an Antarctic fish, Notothenia coriiceps , and characterized it by means of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Overall, the architecture of the fish MT is very similar to that of mammalian MTs. However, NMR spectroscopy shows that the dynamic behaviour of the two domains is markedly different. With the aid of absorption and CD spectroscopies, we studied the conformational and electronic features of fish and mouse recombinant Cd-MT and the changes produced in these proteins by heating. When the temperature was increased from 20 to 90 (cid:176) C, the Cd-thiolate chromophore absorbance at 254 nm of mouse MT was not modified up to 60 (cid:176) C, whereas the absorbance of fish MT decreased significantly starting from 30 (cid:176) C. The CD spectra also changed quite considerably with temperature, with a gradual decrease of the positive band at 260 nm that was more pronounced for fish than for mouse MT. The differential effect of temperature on fish and mouse MTs may reflect a different stability of metal-thiolate clusters of the two proteins. Such a conclusion is also corroborated by results showing differences in metal mobility between fish and mouse Zn-MT. the and reactivity of the metal-thiolate clusters. Our data demonstrate that zinc is higher for fish MT than for mouse MT, suggesting a in biological reactivity for the two proteins. It is that the redox properties of MT are fish fish


During the history of kalām, scholars attempted to define knowledge. However, their definitions were criticized in different aspects. As the definition theory proposed by the Peripatetics was incorporated into kalām, asserting a complete definition of knowledge turned to be a more difficult task. Discerning the problems one faced in defining knowledge, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī argued its indefinability by asserting that it's self-evident. As a result of the influence exerted by ʿAḍud al-Dīn al-Ījī and Sayyid Sharīf al-Jurjānī who considered knowledge to be definable, it has been assumed in the literature that the indefinability of knowledge because of its being obivous is exclusive to al-Rāzī. However, along with expressing that knowledge is indefinable, Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī claimed that this view was adopted by the majority of the verifiers ( muḥaqqiqūn ). In this respect, he presents the available definitions of knowledge as description ( taʿrīf ), instead of definition ( ḥadd ), and did not need to criticize them on the basis of the conditions of theory of definition. According to him, these descriptions are expressions for terminological ( iṣtilāhī ) meanings scholars ascribed to knowledge in their disciplines, that had been assigned as corresponding to its explicit meaning in language. The difference between al-Ījī`s and al-Taftāzānī`s approaches in this matter manifested itself in the first chapters of their al-Mawāqif and Sharḥ al-Maqāṣid , respectively. This study examines comparatively how al-Taftāzānī received and commented on the previous literature he had inherited regarding the definitions of knowledge. It also deals with how he constructed his view on the basis of this comment.


In the paper the author presents a slightly modified Beth's method that helps to prove if a formula is or is not a tautology of the following non-classical sentential calculi: Łukasiewicz's three valued sentential calculus (Ł3), Priest's paradox logic (LP), and nihilistic sentential calculi: n'1, n'3, n'4, n'5.


D Brandt, M Marino, A Jette National Institutes of Health, Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Bethesda, USA Boston University School of Public Health, Health & Disability Research Institute, Boston, USA Contact: email@example.com Background The Work -Disability Functional Assessment battery (WDFAB) is a newly developed self-reported measure that used the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as the conceptual framework. The WD-FAB development process began with a large item pool to represent the nine broad 'Activity' subdomains in the ICF. Through a series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the WD-FAB items were empirically categorized into 8 distinct conceptual subdomains: Basic Mobility, Upper Body Function, Fine Motor Function, and Community Mobility, and, Communication and Cognition, Resilience/Sociability, SelfRegulation, and Mood States. Objective: In this study we compared the domain structure of the Activity subdomains of the ICF framework using the empirically derived subdomain structure of the WD-FAB. Methods Two coders employed an ICF linking methodology that involved assigning each item in the WD-FAB to an ICF subdomain. A third party resolved discrepancies. Results were compared with WD-FAB factor analysis findings. Results While most items from the Basic Mobility, Upper Body Function, Fine Motor Function, and Community Mobility scales map onto the ICF Mobility Chapter, those scales also contain items that map to 4 other ICF Activity Chapters. The Communication & Cognition scale draws primarily from the Learning & Applying Knowledge, General Tasks & Demands, and Communication Chapters, yet also contains items that map to 3 other ICF Activity chapters. Both the Self-Regulation and Resilience/Sociability scales map to Interpersonal Interactions & Relationships, yet include Learning & Applying Knowledge, General Tasks & Demands, Self-Care, and Community, Social & Civic Life. Conclusions Empirical outcomes suggest the WD-FAB factor structure differs from the hypothesized ICF subdomains. The physical function scales show more alignment with the ICF Activity subdomains than the mental health functions subdomains.


* Introduction: The Role of Liberalism in American Politics * The Ambiguous Legacy of Puritanism * John Locke and the Theory of Liberal Constitutionalism * Liberalism, Republicanism, and Revolution * Liberalism, Republicanism, and the Constitution * Defining the Constitutional Text and the Emergence of Party Politics * Some Notes on Jacksonian Democracy * Abolition and the Crisis of Liberalism * Laissez-Faire Conservatism and the Legitimation of Corporate Capitalism * The Dilemmas of Populist Reform * The Problem of Progressivism * The New Deal and the Apotheosis of Reform * Liberalism in Search of New Directions * Race, Gender, Difference, and Equality * Liberalism in Retreat: The Conservative Critique * Rights-Based Liberalism * Problems of Liberalism: Rights, Economy, Community, and the State * Conclusion


Wild species of crop plants carry useful genes which can be used for breeding programs. This study was performed to investigate genetic variation of 46 genotypes from five Carthamus species and to evaluate their drought tolerance under field conditions (normal and deficit moisture environments) during 2011at Isfahan university of technology research farm. Results indicated that safflower species had different response to drought stress. Results showed that drought stress significantly reduced seed yield in C. tinctorius and C. palaestinus. The wild species of C. palaestinus had higher seed yield, its component and oil percent compared other species in both moisture conditions. Drought tolerance indice (STI) showed that C. palaestinus had the highest drought tolerance. Cluster analysis based on agro-morphological traits indicated that three species C. tinctorius, C palaestinu and C. oxyacanthus had the most similarity among studied species. Finally in respect to high hybridization of two main safflower relatives C. palaestinus (because high STI) and C. oxyacanthus (because high stability under drought condition) are suitable source for transferring drought tolerance genes to cultivated species.


This research develops an exchange rate pass- through model, that centers on the firms''commitment in capacity to 'price to market'' (PTM) and firms'' strategic moves in the form of a two-stage game. An econometric evaluation of the exchange rate pass-through model is also conducted to explain PTM empirically by applying the factors outlined by our model. The present research attempts the following: (i) the development of a simple two-period model of exchange rate pass-through under uncertainty in the absence of firms'' capacity commitment, and (ii) the development of a simple two-period model of exchange rate pass-through under uncertainly in the presence of firms'' capacity commitment on the basis of recent developments in industrial organization theory: Dixit (1980), Eaton and Ware (1987) and Jean Tirole (1991) and (iii) the formulation of the error correction models of the export prices of five export industries in Malaysia. The related areas include local-currency pring of exports, currency donimatation of exports and exchange rate pass-through.