What is the problem and what is known about it so far? Although cigarette smokers are generally advised to quit by setting a date on which they will stop abruptly, whether some people will be more successful by gradually reducing cigarette smoking (cutting down) before quitting altogether is not clear. Why did the researchers do this particular study? To find out if gradual reduction is as good as abrupt quitting for attempts to stop cigarette smoking. Who was studied? 697 adult cigarette smokers. How was the study done? The smokers were randomly assigned to 2 groups. In the gradual-cessation group, the participants were given instructions on how to progressively decrease or cut down the number of cigarettes they smoked over a 2-week period before a planned quit date, on which they were instructed to try to stop all cigarette smoking. Participants in the abrupt-cessation group were told to continue smoking as they normally would until the scheduled quit date 2 weeks later. Participants in both groups were given nicotine patches before and after their quit date, as well as either short-acting nicotine gum or lozenges after the quit date to further reduce their urge to smoke. Participants in the gradual-cessation group were also instructed to use short-acting nicotine-replacement products, such as gum or lozenges, before the quit date. The researchers then followed the participants after the quit date to assess whether they had been able to quit and whether symptoms differed between the groups. What did the researchers find? At both 4 weeks and 6 months after their planned quit dates, more participants in the abrupt-cessation group than in the gradual-cessation group had quit completely. Overall, participants who said they would prefer to gradually reduce their cigarette use before the quit date were less likely to stop altogether regardless of group assignment. There were no important differences between the 2 groups in the symptoms that bothered the participants (for example, urges to smoke). What were the limitations of the study? To avoid influencing the results, it is preferable that the participants and researchers not know which group each participant is in during the study. That was not possible in this study. What are the implications of the study? Although gradually cutting down smoking first may help some smokers quit, overall it is better to abruptly stop.


The computation of the geometrical-spreading factor and the number of caustics is in general considered to be the most fundamental step in order to compote zero-order ray solutions for elementary-wave Green's functions along a ray that originates at a point source and passes through a 3-D vertically and laterally inhomogeneous isotropic medium.


A new method for evaluating some complex characteristics of the primary structure of E.coli promoters is proposed. The method, of nonparametric statistical significance, selects important conserved single-base positions in combination with 2-base coupling relations of identity and complementarity. The extended consensus of promoter characteristics thus obtained was used to scan unknown sequences for similarity with E.coli promoters. In terms of this method, a complete set of 244 E.coli promoters was shown to be structurally inconsistent. The set was then broken down into functionally homogeneous subsets of promoters to enhance the selectivity of the search for E.coli-specific promoter sequences, with a high significance level being attained.


Expression of cold-regulated genes needed for protection against freezing stress is mediated, in part, by the CBF transcription factor family. Previous studies with temperate cereals suggested that the CBF gene family in wheat was large, and that CBF genes were at the base of an important low temperature tolerance trait. Therefore, the goal of our study was to identify the CBF repertoire in the freezing-tolerant hexaploid wheat cultivar Norstar, and then to examine if the coding region of CBF genes in two spring cultivars contain polymorphisms that could affect the protein sequence and structure. Our analyses reveal that hexaploid wheat contains a complex CBF family consisting of at least 65 CBF genes of which 60 are known to be expressed in the cultivar Norstar. They represent 27 paralogous genes with 1–3 homeologous copies for the A, B, and D genomes. The cultivar Norstar contains two pseudogenes and at least 24 additional proteins having sequences and (or) structures that deviate from the consensus in ...


A 2304-bit flexible decoder for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is presented for Wireless-MAN applications. Based on modified turbo-decoding message-passing (M-TDMP) algorithm, the decoder achieves low complexity as well as fast convergence which produces high throughput of 138 Mbps working at 50 MHz. By adopting a novel scheme for early termination of iteration, the proposed decoder obtains large power efficiency. The decoder is implemented in SMIC 0.18 ¿m 1P6M CMOS technology, features a power dissipation of 179-mW operating at 50 MHz, and costs an area of 12.5 mm2.


In the lighting system of modern city,outdoor lamps and lanterns with the simple and new style always provide people with aesthetic enjoyment,creating a harmonious picture along with modern city.From the angle of its development trend and the current situation of lamps market,with the author's own parctical experience,the article shows the views on lamp development and its design in the sfuture.


A system for integrating a packaging supply chain from a point that a digital contract proof is available through delivery of finished packaging materials to an end user, wherein said system comprises a computer system accessible for interactive communications with users, said computer system comprising a first memory area for storing functionality and data for end user members of the supply chain; a second memory area for storing functionality and data for converter members of the supply chain; and a third memory area for storing functionality and data for other members of the supply chain.


The notion of dislocated quasi metric is a generalization of metric that retains, an analogue of the illustrious Banach's Contraction principle and has useful applications in the semantic analysis of logic programming. In this paper we introduce the concept of generalized dislocated quasi metric space.The purpose of this note is to study topological properties of a metric, its connection with generalized dislocated metric space and to derive some fixed point theorems. Keywords: Generalized dislocated metric, Generalized dislocated quasi metric, Contractive conditions, coincidence point, b-property.


This article presents a novel state estimation scheme for humanoid robot locomotion using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for fusing encoder, inertial and Foot Sensitive Resistor (FSR) measurements. The filter's model is based on the non-linear Zero Moment Point (ZMP) dynamics and thus, coupling the dynamic behavior in the frontal and the lateral plane. Furthermore, it provides state estimates for variables that are commonly used by walking pattern generators and posture balance controllers, such as the Center of Mass (CoM) and the linear time-varying Divergent Component of Motion (DCM) position and velocity, in the 3-D space. Modeling errors are taken into account as external forces acting on the robot in the acceleration level. In addition, an observability analysis for the non-linear system dynamics and the linearized discrete-time EKF dynamics is presented. Subsequently, by utilizing ground-truth data obtained from a vicon motion capture system with a NAO humanoid robot, we demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme contrasted to the linear filters, even in the case where disturbances are introduced to the system. Finally, the proposed approach is implemented and employed for feedback to a real-time posture controller, rendering a NAO robot able to walk on an outdoors inclined pavement.


This guide provides recommend sources of articles, books, and websites to support students in the Welding Technology program. Use these databases to locate popular, technical and scholarly/peer-reviewed journal articles about welding.


Hamadi Beach is one of the beaches that is quite popular among the Jayapura community. However, there is no data and information or adequate scientific studies regarding the level of suitability of the area and carrying capacity of the environment so that it is feared that it can affect the comfort and safety of visitors, which is actually a reference in the management and development of a tourist area, so that sustainability is also constant maintained and can be sustainable. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of suitability of the Hamadi Beach area as a tourist location at Jayapura City and find out the carrying capacity of the Hamadi Beach Tourism Area. The research was conducted in December 2018 to May 2019 in the coastal tourism area of Hamadi, Tobati Village, South Jayapura District, Jayapura City, Papua Province. The method used is the method of observation and literature. The results obtained from the study showed that the suitability level of the Hamadi Beach area as a tourist location in Jayapura City with the tourist suitability index at station 1 was 91.43% (S1 category or highly suitable), station 2 was 91.43% (S1 category or highly suitable) and station 3 is 74.29% (S2 category or suitable), with the average suitability value of all stations is 85.72% classified as S1 category or highly suitable. The carrying capacity of the Hamadi Beach Tourism Area is 9,117 people/day, of which 5,736 people/day for swimming activities and 3,381/day for beach recreation activities.Key Words: Suitability; Carrying capacity; Recreation; Hamadi beach


Putting responsibility in the hands of farmers to determine agricultural extension programs can make services more responsive to local conditions, more accountable, more effective, and more sustainable. To realize these benefits, the role of the public sector has to be redefined to permit multiple approaches which account for user diversity, and to develop partnerships with farmer organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector for service delivery.


Microparticles with nanostructures on the surface have the characteristics of nanomaterials, yet they avoid aggregation and dispersion problems due to the nature of the nanomaterials. We report a simple, cost-effective, catalyst-free, and scalable production of urchin-like ZnO/Zn microspheres through thermal oxidation from Zn microparticles at 350–550 °C in air for a period of 6–36 hours. The novel, urchin-like microspheres are composed of (from inner to outer): a hollow core, a thin-shell of Zn, a thick-shell of ZnO and ZnO nanowires grown radially on the surface with a tip diameter of 20 nm, with a high aspect ratio (length/diameter), and a high population density. In our study, the Kirkendall effect was proposed for the formation of the hollow core/void of the urchin-like microspheres. Selective directional growth of ZnO nanowires with (100) orientation, followed by interdiffusion and propagation of oxygen and zinc for the lengthening the ZnO nanowires, were proposed for the formation mechanism of the ZnO nanowires. Studies on the field emission properties of the microspheres show that the microspheric emitter has a low turn-on field of 2.2 V μm−1, a high field enhancement factor of 6804.8, a high luminance of 24 000 cd m−2, and excellent luminance uniformity.


With the development of education globalization and commercialization, the career development of principal becomes a popular topic in educational circles.A common teacher who wants to become a mature principal to lead the school to develop healthily will go through four stages.,i.e.the preparative stage,adaptation stage,competent stage and mature stage.Each stage has different requirements.Only in the way of conforming the requirements,the principal will make grate contribution to our education.


T HIS PAPEU deals with severe visual disturbances noted after ventriculography or ventricular decompression in 5 patients harboring intracranial tumors. I t also a t tempts to confirm a logical explanation, based on anatomopathological findings, for this unfortunate though rare sequence of events. Perusing the available literature one is surprised to find but scant reference to the complications that may follow the introduction of air directly into the ventricular system or the drainage of the ventricular cavities. Only occasionally can one find words of caution about the rapidity with which to exchange air or to tap a ventricle in the surgical at tack of an intracranial spaceoccupying lesion. There can be no doubt about the usefulness of ventriculography and its high degree of accuracy in the detection of intracranial space-taking lesions. Nevertheless, it is felt tha t insufficient stress has been laid upon the rare but possible risks involved in the performance of such a test or of such a procedure as ventricular decompression, both of which occasionally may produce permanent sequelae. I t is a well known fact that , if an intracranial tumor is present, ventriculography will often aggravate the pre-existing neurological picture, forcing the neurosurgeon to perform immediate surgery. When the intracranial pressure is elevated, a sort of balance exists among various intracranial forces. This balance at times is very precarious and the mere puncture of a ventricle will upset it. I t


Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com [12,13]. Ghrelin, a somatotropic and orexigenic hormone has also been recognized as an important regulator of energy metabolism [14]. It's important to notice that the amount of brown(BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) has to be considered, as well as their ability to transdifferentiate. They present two opposite functions both essential for survival: white adipocytes store energy released between meals and the brown ones burn lipids to maintain thermogenesis [15]. Some genes are specific for each cell type; UCP1 is restricted to BAT [16] and leptin is absent from classic multilocular brown adipocytes [17]. Over the last decades, the adipose organ has gained particular interest as an endocrine organ and a potential target to new therapeutic strategies, as browning could be harnessed to tackle obesity and metabolic syndrome [18,19].


brunnen, or Chamber Fountain; Smith concludes that such works help constitute a "new epistemology" (p. 130) that regarded abstract philosophical speculation and words as less useful than handcrafted objects for knowledgeably mastering and conceiving of the world. Julie Berger Hochstrasser's "Human Nature: Observing Dutch Brazil" catalogues lines of influence in early visual depictions of the fauna and human inhabitants of Brazil to denaturalize the act of looking: in the essay's chief example, Caspar Schmalkalden's seventeenth-century image of a sloth turns out not to have been made precisely from his observations during his Brazilian travels, but rather may have echoed an earlier image by Georg Marcgraf. Hochstrasser's essay is marred, however, by describing painters and paintings as "sincere" (p. 168) and "lifelike" (p. 170), despite the implicit challenges her study poses to the concept of natural realism. Marjorie Swann's "'Procreate like Trees': Generation and Society in Thomas Browne's Religio Medici" considers Browne's notorious wish that humans could procreate nonsexually, like trees or flowers. Swann counters the embarrassed reactions of earlier criticism by engaging with Browne's wish directly, ascribing it to his idealization of a life free from the flux and degradation of reproduction. This is fascinating material, but I wish that Swann had not been so quick to stymie the literal erotic content of Browne's wish: reading this essay alongside Cohen's would likely prove very productive. Even with the expansiveness of this anthology, I would have liked it to cover some additional material: Cohen could have considered at greater length the challenge posed to his fantastic speculations by the unrelenting violence humans inflict on nonhuman animals, while Crane might have considered the ideological operations of so-called aristocratic hunting practices for bourgeois hunters (as a royal charter confirmed the hunting rights of London's citizens in 1131, and Canterbury, Colchester, and Swansea obtained similar provisions later in the same century). These are, however, quibbles: this unusually strong anthology will serve admirably for both private study and classroom use for any scholar willing to be inspired by critical animal theory or ecocriticism. Karl Steel Brooklyn College, CUNY


The spectral properties, as well as photoinduced electron and energy-transfer processes, of fatty acid derivatives of α,ω-diphenylpolyenes including stilbene, diphenylbutadiene, diphenylhexatriene, and various heteroatom substituted stilbene derivatives were investigated in multilayer assemblies constructed using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. The majority of surfactant α,ω-diphenylpolyene derivatives were found to exhibit spectral properties characteristic of «H» aggregates when incorporated into multilayer assemblies. The tendency of surfactant stilbenes to form «H» aggregates was observed to be greater than that exhibited by other α,ω-diphenylpolyene surfactants studied


The widespread basal expression of fragile X gene (FMR 1)suggests that it is a house keeping gene,essential to the survival and function of the cells,but unrelated to proliferation and phenogenesis. The spatial temporal specific expression of FMR1 further suggests that it is an important development-regulating gene,essential to development,particularly to the development of CNS and reproductive system,and may play an important role in cell migration and differantiation.It may also be a posttranscription regulator,by binding to mRNA,regulates the posttranscription processing,transportation,translation and localization of mRNAs.The diversity of pathogenesis of Fra (x) individuals may be caused by the variation of the downstream genes regulated by FMR1.


Contents: Introduction: Painting and music at the crossroads: The Middle Ages and Renaissance Newton's Opticks Harmony for ear and eye The crossroads Popularity, music and the visual arts: An international language Musical biography: Carpani exploding the cannon Vox Populi Steps to Parnassus: 'How eye and ear are entranced': Haydn and EsterhA!zy patronage Artaria & Compagnie: dealers in prints and music Haydn and Goya Talking pictures and moving images: the discourse on the visual arts in 18th-century opera: Sacrificing Iphigenia: Algarotti, Tiepolo and Vanloo Gluck and the visual arts Painting the cannon's roar Musical icons and the cult of Haydn: A public image Updating the image The reluctant sitter Age and youth The cult of Haydn Physiognomy, phrenology and Frankenstein Hero Developing tastes: The culture of looking in England in the early 1790s: A visual education: Haydn as collector A popular collection Looking and listening in London 'Picture after picture': The Creation and The Seasons: Creating waves 'Pictures for the ear' Motion and the dynamics of light Observing nature Moving pictures 'Last Judgement': Evolutionary ends Still courting popularity Beyond the crossroads Appendix: Haydn's collection Bibliography Index.


ABSTRACT The essay juxtaposes, as in a poetic metaphor, Czech sea voyages to Southeast Asia in the late colonial era, as described in the travellers' writings, and the author's recent voyage on a container ship from Rotterdam to Singapore. A reflection on sea travel and an experiment in historical research, it is an account of accessing the past through the experience of a voyage. The essay reflects on size, speed, time, and modernity; on containers, classes, nations, colonies, and empires, past and present. How can our present journeys help us grasp the experiences of past travellers, as well as our relationship with them, our nearness and our distance? How can old travelogues enrich our perception of present-day travel, shipping, and colonialisms? How do present, past and future overflow into each other, on the fluid borders between physical, economic and industrial reality and narrative/poetic imagination? How is containerisation, whose (pre)history this essay traces, part of our 'knowledge production'? The essay performs these questions with a Czech accent that reflects a specific historical situation and the self-image of a variously colonised European people who navigate(d) in particular, often clownishly improper ways, in the world of colonies and empires, old and new.


Inspired by the work of David McClelland and his associates (1, 5, 6 ) , several programs have been developed for teaching achievement motivation to underachieving students (2, 3 ) . These programs have been integrated into the regular classroom and have produced significant improvements in grades. Our program was developed in an attempt to provide similar training in an outpatient format. All subjects were enrolled in the Achievement Motivation Training classes offered to the general public for a tuition fee by our center. The 23 participants ranged in age from 8 to 44 with a median of 16. These included 9 elementary, 6 high school, and 6 college students, along with one high school dropout and one college graduate. There were 15 males and 8 females, all Caucasian. All subjects completed the program consisting of six weekly 1-hr. sessions, all taught by the first author. The program is described elsewhere (4 ) , but it essentially involves the teaching of achievement-oriented cognitions by providing immediate feedback to stories told. by the students in response to pirmres. The results indicated that the students ( n = 21) were successful in increasing their achievement imagery (P1.m = 65.77, p < .001), determined by comparing their achieve ment motivation scores before and after training. Data on study behavior were available for a smaller sample ( n = 9 ) , but these students increased their study rime from a mean of 4.75 hr. per week to a mean of 12.46 hr. per week (Rn8 = 18.79, p < .005) and the mean number of days studying per week from 3.67 to 5.87 (F1.8 = 12.85, p < .01) as a function of training. However, the most important outcome was that of grades, which were available for 12 students. The mean grade point average increased from 1.67 (on a four-point system) before training to 2.87 at follow-up one year later (F1.U = 25.29, 9 < .001). Although the results are encouraging, the validity of the findings is limited by the lack of a no-treatment control group. However, a study employing a no-treatment group is currently underway with underachieving students in Grades 3 to 11.


Because of the additional sideslip angle and the strap-down seeker's narrow field-of-view (FOV), the crosswind and moving target make it difficult for missiles to maintain lock-on condition. A novel hybrid guidance (HG) law is proposed in this paper, which can keep the target within FOV all the flight time despite crosswind and unknown maneuverability of the target. The crosswind and the moving target are unified as a generalized target model to simplify the guidance problem. Based on the generalized target model, a new form of the additional sideslip is proposed. We combine two guidance laws in the HG law. One is a FOV constrained sliding mode control guidance law (FOVSMC) and the other is a pure proportional navigation guidance law (PPN). Numerical simulations are conducted and the results prove the proposed law's validity.


Properties of (10, 10) single-walled carbon nanotubes under uniaxial pressure are investigated by means of pressure-controlled molecular dynamics simulations using an order- N tight-binding method. We use an extended Andersen method in order to control pressure of system. This scheme allows us to investigate the pressure-dependence of structural stability as a function of time in the presence of many-body quantum mechanical effect. At small strains, the potential energy of the carbon nanotube increases in accordance with the Hooke's law. In this elastic regime, the carbon nanotube keeps straight as a whole. The finite temperature effects on the strains are analyzed.


It has become a truism that ethics is now being treated with the importance that it so obviously deserves. One of the singular merits of ethics is the commercial benefit that it confers. It has been argued in various forums that ethics is beneficial: it is the purpose of this paper to examine the forms that the evidence has taken, and to draw a conclusion about that evidence. It will be argued that the evidence supports the conclusion, but not in the most obvious ways.


Party system development in new democracies is impacted by various legacies of the previous authoritarian regime. This study employs survey research to test for the impact of the authoritarian experience on the orientation of Brazilian politicians toward party building. The manipulation of political parties by the Brazilian authoritarian regime of 1964-85 generated an antipathy towards disciplined parties on the part of civilian politicians who supported the military. This antipathy was strong in the first years of democracy but diminished over time, as the crisis of Brazil's New Republic heightened elite awareness of the necessity of effective parties. The findings generate hypotheses that can be tested in other post-authoritarian party systems.


Extraction efficiencies of levonorgestrel were compared when using liquid-liquid phase extraction and solid phase extraction,which provided references for levonorgestrel sample pre-treatment.The recovery rates of levonorgestrel extracted with four different liquid organic solvents including dichloromethane,chloroform,hexane,ethyl,and one solidphase extraction column,StrataTM-X(60 mg,3 mL) were analyzed with the quantity detection of high performance liquid chromatography method.The recovery rates were listed in an order of ethyl(97.22%) dichloromethane(91.89%) hexane(91.67%) chloromethane(91.33%) StrataTM-Xcolumn(87.11%),with relative standard deviations 1.05%,3.29%,2.75%,3.48%,0.97% respectively.Experiment results indicated that liquid-liquid phase extraction method had a higher recovery rate than solid-phase extraction method.The results of relative standard deviation showed that solid-phase extraction is more stable than liquid-liquid phase extraction.


In the advancement of theory and knowledge of KM, lots of models have been evolved and developed. These models developed by different researchers / authors are applicable in different contexts and situations in different organizations.
In this regard, this paper tries to review three important and well researched models of KM, which have been developed, researched and applied in industries / organizations in the realm of three important core organizational resources namely people, processes and technologies and tries to evaluate its applicability in the educational context. Educational Institutions are into knowledge intensive activity and KM has become all the more important.


Looking for alternative sources in animal nutrition, microalgae began to be explored, gaining space in commercial production. The aim of this review is to present available information about the use of microalgae in animal nutrition, as well as its effect and applications. Many microalgae are important sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These PUFA is poorly synthesized by animals, so they should be included in their diet. In addition, they are a rich source of almost all of the important minerals as well as vitamins. Additionally, some microalgae generally have a high protein content and high digestibility. In this context, microalgae already available on the market, become an alternative replacing conventional ingredients. To our knowledge, the use of small amounts of microalgae biomass in the feed can benefit the physiology of the animals, improving the immune response, resistance to diseases, antiviral and antibacterial action, intestinal function, and stimulation of probiotic colonization. In general, the addition of these compounds to the diets of animals enhances their overall health and immune status, productivity, and the quality and stability of the resulting animal products. Although the use of microalgae is increasingly directed towards many types of animals: cats, dogs, ornamental fish, horses, poultry, swine, sheep, and cow, studies still need to be explored.


A low-profile high gain wide-angle beamsteerable metasurface lens (MSL) antenna with transmission-type slotted end loaded cross-dipole as unit cell is proposed for millimeter-wave applications. The proposed unit cell is highly insensitive to wider oblique angle of incidence of upto 60° and polarization. The MSL array is constructed using a 25 × 25 matrix of unit cells with an overall size of 7.7 λ0 x 7.7 λ 0 x 0.14 λ 0 • The slot coupled microstrip patch antenna is designed as the feed source placed at a focal distance of 20 mm beneath the MSL resulting in a f/D ratio of 0.24. The mechanically steered beams along 0°, ±30°, ±45° and ±60° are achieved by spatially exciting four distinct MSLs with the feed source. Hence, 3-dB spatial beam coverage of 120° (± 60°) is realized with a gain tolerance of 1.9 dB. The maximum gain of 19.5 dBi is achieved in the broadside direction with a gain enhancement of 13.4 dB.


Abstract The frequency of occurrence of cloud cover was analysed taking into consideration its circulation-related conditioning. The atmospheric circulation types according to Osuchowska-Klein (1978) classification were used. The study was made based on diurnal climatological observations carried out in Poznań-Ławica in years 1966–1998. It was found that the cloudless skies and small cloudiness were associated with anticyclonic types of atmospheric circulation and the east macrotype. Moderate cloudiness occurred equally at cyclonic and anticyclonic circulation types. Larger cloud coverage of the sky was associated with cyclonic circulation, especially with the west macrotype.


This book provides an interesting reference in the field of the service business extension within the manufacturing world. Authors present a structured summary of the results achieved over a 14-year period of research with the aim of providing both theoretical advances and managerial guidelines. The main purpose is to show how service strategy and operations can be organised and managed in order to get the maximum out of the investments. Empirical findings used to draw conclusion are mainly related to capital goods manufacturers, so this industry is the primary beneficiary of the book's contribution. Nonetheless, the holistic consideration of all the relevant aspects is a quite unique approach in the related literature and some ideas could be transferred to other industries.


At a stage when histological damage detectable witha light microscope is slight, various indices of the thyroid function in rats immunized with total homologous thyroid extract are impaired, suggestin


This article studies the emergence of government-initiated civic crowdfunding platforms. Such platforms can be considered as governmental responses for bottom-up peer-to-peer support mechanisms related to urban innovation, which also allows top-down governance and governmental support systems for civic entrepreneurship. To better understand the implications of these innovative ICT-enabled interaction interfaces for collective urban innovation, this study investigates participation inequalities from the perspective of campaign instigators, using in-depth interviews (N=28), and from the perspective of the citizen-funder, using a survey (N=265). The analysis shows that urban crowdfunding practices mainly contribute to higher-level development of collective identities with increased neighborhood capacities. Although participation in such ICT-enabled interaction interfaces could reinforce digital inequalities and existing power balances, this research shows a more nuanced perspective, in which online and offline practices intertwine. Furthermore, while civic crowdfunding campaigns are driven by a traditional 'participation elite', the deliberation process on development projects involves new publics that are not typically engaged in civic activities. Hence, civic crowdfunding formulates a new mode of civic engagement in which institutional involvement acts as a trust broker between civic funders and civic entrepreneurs, as well as adding legitimacy to innovation processes in the public sphere.


The performance of the system is heavily coupled by the efficiency of underlying communication and processing architecture. Growing need of high performance computing and decreasing size of technology has enhanced the growth of multicore era. They are more focused on communication then computation. And urge to design and develop an efficient communication architecture has forked a new dimension in computer architecture i.e. Network on chip (NoC). Bus-based system involves arbitration delay. Crossbar involves scalability issue and point to point increases in complexity in routing wires. Hence we connect the cores through network on the Chip. However, NoCs have been proved to be reliable, scalable and exible but still there are a lot of challenges related to fault tolerance, quality of service, power and area that need to be addressed. In this report, adaptive routing algorithms which have been developed to improved the performance of NoC in terms of fault tolerance and congestion awareness are explained. These algorithms are cost-effective and efficient. Firstly, we propose a cost-effective fault tolerant routing algorithm for irregular 2D mesh without using tables. We exploit one hop visibility of LBDR to eliminate tables. This algorithm handles one or many single link faults within 2D mesh and uses reconfigured paths (minimal and/or non-minimal), if links fail. We use turn model based approach to avoid deadlock. Since our method does not need virtual channels to achieve deadlock freedom, it is more area and power effective. Then, we present low-cost, congestion-aware, non-minimal and fully adaptive (CHARM) routing algorithm for 2D and 3D meshes that offers high degree of adaptiveness by permitting cycles in channel dependency graph while remaining deadlock free. CHARM uses only one, two and two virtual channels along the X, Y and Z dimensions, respectively, thus becomes low-cost algorithm. It is a a reconfigurable, deadlock free and cost-efficient fault tolerant routing algorithm without using VCs. To overcome limitation of dimension order routing in spidergon, an adaptive routing algorithm has been proposed which allows the packet to take across link at any place according to current congestion level. Our scheme is minimal path based and packet take across link only once if required. If a packet want to take across link and that link is congested, then it can take left or right link and go for across link at any other intermediate node. Spidergon is a popular NoC (Network-On-Chip) developed to realize cost effective multi processor SoC (MPSoC) using a fixed optimized topology [1]. Increasing diversity of ap-plications, quality of service requirements and deterministic routing schemes inhibit the performance by creating con-gestion bottlenecks. Proposed routing algorithm exploits the path diversity of spidergon NoC and selects the optimal path on the basis of congestion level (CL). CL depicts current traffic conditions. Proposed scheme is deadlock free and uses only one extra virtual channel to achieve improved communication. Proposed scheme is compared with native ndeterministic routing schemes of spidergon NoC i.e. aFirst and aLast. Results demonstrate that the our algorithm distributes traffic evenly while reducing hot-spots. Considerable performance improvement is achieved on modified router architecture.


Static security correction is an important measure to ensure the safe and stable operation of power system and plays vital guiding role for drawing-up of operation modes and planning and construction of the system. This paper presents a preventive static security correction method which is based on BPA data format,combining the modern Interior Point Theory and Compensation Method to meet the requirements of the N-1security rule. The results of testing it in the real power grid show that this method can filter out N-1 faults quickly and accurately and give the reasonable operation mode. Consequently,it can eliminate possible contingences which do not meet the N-1rules and improve the system's security and stability.


Hydrological and sedimentological dynamics are controlled by hillslope‐channel (de)coupling, which is influenced by several natural and anthropogenic factors. However, studies on sediment connectivity are recent and present numerous challenges to be overcome. Furthermore, there is a need to explore and identify sediment connectivity governing processes and phenomena. In this study, hydrological monitoring and indices application were used to access aspects of sediment connectivity in a small catchment (0.89 km2), located on a plateau in southern Brazil. The indices are a combination of variables conceptually known as controllers of the spatial and temporal organization of sediment flows in the system. The application of these tools proved to be relevant for the characterization of structural and functional connectivity of the study area. The tools applied were structural index of connectivity (IC); index of hydrosedimentological connectivity (IHC), based on observed events; field connectivity index (FIC). The characterization of structural connectivity highlighted natural sinks and blankets zones as the main elements of disconnection in the catchment. The functional connectivity was evaluated for five distinct magnitude events, the results showed a higher influence of sediment availability and antecedent moisture conditions than the other structural factors. The FIC validated the theoretical indices in the study area and highlighted the importance of coupling thresholds between the numerous sediment sources in a known event.


Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death during adolescence. High gravitational force events among teenage drivers, such as quick starts and hard stops, have been shown to be highly correlated with the crash rate. A training program (LAG) was designed for administration on a low cost driving simulator which was aimed at reducing behaviors that make quick accelerations unsafe and quick decelerations unnecessary. Thirty-six participants were randomly assigned either to the LAG or placebo groups. LAG was evaluated on a more advanced driving simulator before and after training. The evaluation included both quick acceleration and quick deceleration scenarios. The authors' results indicated that LAG training successfully achieved most goals: 1) where quick decelerations are unnecessary, LAG participants were braking significantly earlier and tended to maintain a larger time headway than placebo participants; 2) where quick acceleration behaviors were considered as unsafe (e.g., yielding to pedestrians in front of crosswalk), LAG participants glanced more frequently for potential threats than placebo participants while coming to a stop and then accelerated slowly initially; and 3) where quick acceleration behaviors are sometimes necessary (e.g., in the middle of the intersection), LAG participants again glanced more frequently than the placebo participants but then accelerated initially more quickly than the placebo group once it was clear there were no threats.


A study of ground-water levels and flow in east-central Nassau County, N.Y., began in October 1985. The 11.4 square-mile area encompasses parts of Bethpage, Hicksville, Levittown, Plainview, Plainedge, and Farmingdale. Approximately 1,200 feet of unconsolidated Cretaceous deposits and 50 to 100 feet of Pleistocene deposits overlie bedrock throughout the area. The unconsolidated deposits consist mostly of sand, gravel, silt, and clay and have good water-transmitting properties except where clay forms continuous layers that can impede ground-water flow. The area is mostly residential and industrial. Pumpage for public supply exceeds 10 million gallons per day, most of which eventually discharges from the ground-water system to tidewater as sewage outflow. Industrial pumpage during summer exceeds 10 million gallons per day, but most of the water is returned to the system through recharge basins. Ground-water levels in this area fluctuate seasonally in response to natural recharge, pumping, and use of recharge basins.


BY PROF. ERNST HAECKEL.* When Jean Lamarck in 1809, in his profoundly thought out Philosophic zoologique, laid the foundations of the theory of descent which is now universally accepted, he explained, as we know, the gradual transformation of organic forms principally by their own natural activities. The practice and use of organs strengthened them. Inactivity and disuse weakened them. Both the progressive transformation which in the first case the organ had experienced by growth, and the retrogressive alteration which in the second case it had experienced by diminution, could be transmitted by heredity to the animal's descendants. By the accumulation and settlement of these slight changes, in the course of generations, new "good," or distinct, species sprang from varieties. Of the many grand ideas in whose conception Lamarck stood far in advance of his times, the assumption of the hereditj' of acquired characters certainly belongs to the most significant. If he was not so fortunate in the empirical establishment of


The present study aimed at developingreflective thinking skills among EFL prospective teachers through Facebook- delivered writing activities. The design of the present study was a pre-post, one experimental group. The participants of the study were forty-five EFL prospective teachers (Primary Education) at Faculty of Education, Aswan University. The present study used the reflective thinkingscale, developed by the researcher, as an instrument for assessing the participants' EFL reflective thinking skills. Participants were asked to practice writing activities and tasks delivered through a Facebook group "Think and Write" which created for the purpose of the current study. Data were collected and participants' scores in the reflective thinkingscale were used as measures of their development in reflective thinking skills. Results revealed that the participants' reflective thinking skills were developed as a result of participating in the Facebook group. Accordingly, the Facebook- delivered writing activities were found to be effective in developing reflective thinking skills among EFL prospective teachers.


Abstract : Several commercial heats of air- and vacuum-melted AISI 4340 steel were investigated to determine their mechanical properties. Data were derived from Charpy impact tests and tensile tests. The effect of decreasing phosphorous and sulfur content is correlated with changes in impact energy at 100 percent fibrous fracture, mechanical anisotropy, and tensile properties. It is concluded that by reducing the phosphorous plus sulfur content to a maximum compositional limit of 0.020 weight percent, significant improvement in material toughness results and the degree of anisotropy is reduced. (Author)


forest i. We must also know the structure of thè-tree, i.e., the sons of each p i. Notice that forest j results from forest j01 by a single operation combine. This operation creates the next root node p j and links two nodes, each of them a root of forest j01 or an original item, to p j as its sons. We know also that the roots of forest j are p i+1 : : : p j , where i = deroot(j). This imposes certain combinatorial relations between sets of roots and leaves of successive forests. The following fact and the next lemma are simple consequences of such combinatorial relations. Let #(S) denote the cardinality of any set S. Fact 5.6 Let i = deroot(j) and i 0 = deroot(j 01). Then #(leaves j) = #(leaves j01) + 2 0 (i 0 i 0). Furthermore, i 0 i 0 2 f0; 1;2g. Lemma 5.7 Let 0 < j < m, and let i = deroot(j) and i 0 = deroot(j 0 1). Then one of the following three situations holds. (ii) i 0 i 0 = 1, p j has sons p i and at for some t, and leaves i = leaves i01 [ fa t g. (iii) i 0i 0 = 0, p j has sons at and ar for some t, r, and leaves i = leaves i01 [ fat; arg. We conclude that thè-tree of can be recovered in O(log m) time using m processors, provided the sets W k and the function deroot are known, since leaves j = W k , where k = #(leaves j). Lemma 5.8 All sets W k can be computed in O(log m) time with m processors.


Objective:To explore the method and evaluate the efect of LCP fixation for intraarticular and unstable distal radial fractures. Methods:Thirty patients with the fractures were treated with LCP.According to AO classification,there were 4 cases of type B2 fractures,9 cases of type B3,7 cases of type C1,8 cases of type C2,2 cases of type C3.Results:Followed up from 6 to 24 months(average12 months ),17 patients achieved excellent,9 good and 3 fair with 1 poor,accordingtoSarmientoscale.Clinical outcome was alsoevaluated by X ray and wrist function assessment.There were 19 cases graded as excellent ,8 cases as good,and 3 cases as poor.The overall satisfaction rate was 90%.Conclusion:Volar LCP fixation is a safe and effective treatment for intraarticular and unstable distal radial fractures,which could prevent reduction lost,reduce need for bone grafting and avoid tendon irritation.


Abstract The climatological heat and salt budgets at OWS Papa are examined over the years 1960 to 1981. The average surface fluxes of heat and freshwater are estimated to be 25±15 W m−2 and 4.4±4.3 mg m−2 s−1, respectively. Year to year changes in these fluxes are found to be uncorrelated with changes in ocean heat and salt content above 200-m depth. Different hypotheses of how the surface fluxes are balanced are tested using a one-dimensional model of vertical mixing with prescribed horizontal and vertical heat and salt transport. The surface freshwater flux must be at least 3 mg m−2 s−1, on average, in order to balance model-computed vertical diffusion. Additional surface input is balanced by the vertical advection of salt from below. Other processes are required to balance the heat budget. Assuming that the surface flux estimates are in error and correcting them to give zero net fluxes of both heat and freshwater leads to a systematic erosion of the main pycnocline and deepening of winter mixed layers,...


In this study, the effects of extraction temperature, extraction time and liquid–solid ratio on the extraction yield of polysaccharide (HSSEP) from Umbilicaria esculenta cultivated in Huangshan Mountain were investigated using Box–Behnken response surface design. A second-order polynomial equation was employed to optimize the heat water extraction of HSSEP. The optimal extraction conditions of HSSEP were: 100.37 °C extraction temperature, 0.98 h extraction time and 11.02 mL/g liquid–solid ratio. Under these conditions, the maximum extraction yield of HSSEP was 27.68%. Additionally, two purified polysaccharide fractions, designated as HSSEP1 and HSSEP2, were prepared from HSSEP. The results indicated that HSSEP1 and HSSEP2 were acidic polysaccharides. HSSEP1 was mainly composed of mannose, glucose and galactose, in a ratio of 12%, 76% and 12%, respectively, while HSSEP2 was mainly composed of glucose. This study demonstrated the optimal extraction conditions and structure characterizations of HSSEP for the first time.


Charitable and philanthropic organizations play a vital role in shaping the social, political, intellectual, legal, and moral landscape of our country. Few can argue that the costs of regulation impede the ability of charitable and philanthropic organizations to engage in meaningful advocacy.


Gamification has recently gained a great deal of attention in various research communities. The application of game elements in non-game contexts has shown a lot of potential and the expectations of researchers and businesses are high. However, few studies exist that empirically test the effectiveness of gamification applications in business settings. To fill this gap, we present results from workshops that promoted environmentally friendly business practices. 261 individuals participated in a study in which various gamification elements were applied. Our findings illustrate that enjoyment and curiosity, both of which are strongly fostered by gamification elements, exert a significant influence on individuals' attitudes and subsequently their behavioral intentions to adopt sustainable business practices. In contrast, the impact of external regulation turned out to be insignificant. The findings highlight the important role of enjoyment and curiosity for a sustainable change and bear important implications for academics and practitioners.


this study examines the needs for developing skills of trainees in courses offered by institu- tions of Tourism of the Distrito Federal. It was used a research tool developed from the knowledge, skills and attitudes of the Tourism professional defined by the Ministry of Education and Culture. A hundred and sixty five students of Tourism in nine institutions participated in the study. Descriptive statistics were performed to analyze the data. The results show that students sampled demonstrated mastery of basic skills required of professionals in Tourism, but not those actually associated with the exercise of the profession in question. Bases are provided to rethink the skills of Brazilian professionals of Tourism and for future studies.


Four US Federal Government programs designed by the Office of Telecommunications Policy to help determine how frequencies are used by US Government stations and to help keep the assignment data base accurate and current are described. These programs are spectrum measurements; five year review of assignments, usage reporting; and field survey. The history leading up to the establishment of these programs is described.


Acknowledgements Preface 1. The Classical, the Modern, and Japanese Cinema in the Global System 2. Yasujiro Ozu: A Short History of the Home Drama 3. Kenji Mizoguchi and his Women 4. Men with Swords and Men with Suits: The Cinema of Akira Kurosawa 5. Mikio Naruse: A Japanese Woman's Cinema 6. Remembering the War: Three Postwar War Films Conclusion Filmography Bibliography Glossary


The "three in an organic whole" governance model in Rui'an Rural Association(Rui'an Rural Cooperation Association) is an icebreaking attempt for constructing Chinese new rural communities.The remarkable progress in the last two years makes peoples see the feasibility,meanwhile,some embarrassments have also occurred during the process of consolidating and developing the "three in an organic whole" governance model.A study on the challenges that the development of the Rui'an model will be likely faced with,and the feasible promotion of the model to other parts of rural China will be helpful to governments and rural associations in their self-positioning in constructing new rural communities.


Because of size and complexity concerns, implementing feedback control for ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuators is often difficult or costly in many of their envisioned biomedical and robotic applications. It is thus of interest to develop open-loop control strategies for these actuators. Such strategies, however, are susceptible to change of IPMC dynamics under varying environmental conditions, a predominant example being the temperature. In this paper we present a novel approach to open-loop control of IPMC actuators in the presence of ambient temperature changes. First, a method is proposed for modeling the temperature-dependent actuation dynamics. The empirical frequency response of an IPMC actuator, submerged in a water bath with controlled temperature, is obtained for a set of temperatures. For each temperature, a transfer function of a given structure is found to fit the measured data. A temperature-dependent transfer function model is then derived by curve-fitting each zero or pole as a simple polynomial function of the temperature. Open-loop control is then realized by inverting the model at a given temperature based on the auxiliary temperature measurement. However, the obtained model for IPMC actuators is of non-minimum phase and cannot be inverted directly. A stable but non-causal algorithm is adopted to implement the inversion. Furthermore, a finite-preview algorithm is proposed to enable near real-time tracking of desired outputs. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is effective in improving the tracking performance of IPMC actuators under varying temperatures.


FOR a number of years the seriously crippled child has evoked the practical sympathy JL of philanthropists, chiefly with a view to making his life happier and it possible providing him with some sort of occupation. Parliament, too, from time to time has taken notice of the mentally and physically handicapped children, but one feels that in the past it has been because they were rather a nuisance in ordinary schools. The Education Act of 1944, however, laid very special emphasis on the needs of those children who for various reasons might have a difficulty in fitting in with the ordinary school curriculum. It enforced upon local education authorities the duty of providing for the education of &dquo; all pupils who suffer from any disability of mind or body &dquo; and required them to provide &dquo; either in special schools or otherwisc special educational treatment suitable for their disability &dquo; (section 8). The Minister of Education had to &dquo; make regulations defining the several categories of pupils requiring special educational treatment and making provision as to the special methods appropriate for the pupils in each category,&dquo; and this he did in the Handicapped Pupils and School Health Regulations of r945. In response to the anxiety shown by well-informed members of all parties he also appointed an Advisory Committee on Handicapped Children under the chairmanship of mar. Fred 3>lesser, BLP. This committee meets


Modular teaching approach which was developed as an alternative to traditional methods provides students a flexible learning environment, gives them opportunity of learning at their own pace by making choices among alternatives, and self-evaluation. With this descriptive study we aimed at determining students' opinions on the efficiency of modular teaching curriculum implemented at vocational and technical high schools. For that aim a 27 item Likert-style scale was administered on 1180 students enrolled at eight vocational and technical high schools in Elazığ city center. Students stressed that there were problems with aim, content, teaching-learning activities and evaluation part of the modules. It is offered that module parts should be revised and the problems faced during teaching-learning process should be solved.


Objective To analyze the internet-based reporting of viral hepatitis B in Hubei from 2008 to 2010.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the cases of viral hepatitis B reported in Hubei through internet-based reporting system from 2008 to 2010.Results The case number reported by county level medical institutions accounted for the largest proportion(about 40%).Among the different types of medical institutions,the cases reported by general hospitals accounted for the highest proportion(over 50%),followed by township health centers(12%-14%).Hepatitis B cases accounted for the highest proportion(86.66%) compared with other types of viral hepatitis cases.Among the hepatitis B cases,80.68% were laboratory confirmed.The majority of the hepatitis B cases were chronic ones(56.54%),the acute cases accounted for 3.91%.Conclusion Great improvement had been made in the classified reporting of hepatitis B cases and in the reporting of laboratory confirmed cases,but it is necessary to further improve the quality of reporting to increase its reliability.


The western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is one of three regions on Earth that have experienced the greatest warming over recent decades. Here we used paleo records from fossil mosses and peats on the WAP to explore a new paleoclimate archive that links climate, cryosphere and ecosystem dynamics for reconstructing climate change in recent millennia. Continuing retreat of ice and permanent snow has recently exposed numerous entombed mosses and intact peatbank ecosystems along the WAP around 65 S latitude that have been buried under ice and snow during the cold "Little Ice Age" (LIA). Radiocarbon dating indicates ages of 850-600 cal yr BP from re-exposed moss samples from retreating ice and of 100 cal yr BP from near shrinking snow. This age difference suggests that initial climate cooling and subsequent ice advance overran peatbanks immediately below the ice margin at the onset of the LIA, followed by permanent snow expansion often from low elevation upslope at the end of the LIA. Furthermore, detailed macrofossil and pollen analysis of a peat core from a moss peatbank on nearby mainland Antarctic Peninsula show dramatic shifts from a waterlogged peatland dominated by pure stands of Antarctic hairgrass (Deschampsia antarctica) before the LIA at 2400-600 cal yr BP to an aerobic peatbank dominated by erect mosses Polytrichum strictum and Chorisodontium aciphyllum in the last 50 years. At present the nearest known occurrence of Deschampsia "bog peats" is in South Georgia, about 1900 km north at 54 S, a location having a mean annual temperature 6 C higher than the study region on the WAP. If we use this modern spatial relationship as an analogue, then this suggests that the climate a few centuries ago was much warmer (up to 6 C) than today and supported very different ecosystems on the WAP. Our results show that these re-exposed sub-fossil mosses and peats are potentially very useful for the reconstructions of coastal low-elevation terrestrial climates. These records will not only complement climate histories as we know mostly from marine and ice core records but also provide more relevant environmental settings for understanding animal and ecosystem dynamics on the WAP.


This study presents high‐resolution two‐dimensional distributions of radium isotopes in the shallow intertidal aquifer of Tolo Harbor, Hong Kong, illustrating the importance of salinity, groundwater residence time, and tidal flushing and mixing in controlling radium behavior in the system. The activities of radium isotopes are low in the fresh groundwater zone with activities increasing in the transition zone (1 < salinity < 25) due to desorption of radium from sediment surface coatings. In the high salinity zone (salinity > 25), the activities of radium isotopes increase with depth due to tidal flushing and mixing of the recirculating seawater in the shallow aquifer as well as increasing residence time with depth. The dissolved radium isotopes are identified to be in disequilibrium in shallow intertidal aquifer based on radium isotopic ratios and observed depletion of dissolved radium isotopes compared to the theoretical mixing line between the equilibrium activity and fresh groundwater. The influence of continuous tidal flushing of the shallow intertidal aquifer on radium is revealed, and shallow sediments are observed to have less total exchangeable radium isotopes than deeper in the aquifer. A new one‐dimensional reactive transport model that considers a depth‐dependent production rate is applied to simulate the vertical distribution of radium isotopes in the intertidal aquifer as seawater infiltrates the beach. Using least squares fitting of the model to field data, the vertical infiltration seepage velocity is estimated to be ~0.5 m/day, and the dimensionless adsorption partition coefficient of radium isotopes (K) is 350. This agrees well with K values (202–365) calculated using an adsorption/desorption model as well as measured values (266 in February and 205 in April). Based on the spatial distribution of radium isotopes and flow patterns in the intertidal aquifer, groundwater in Ra disequilibrium zone is recommended as the endmember for tide‐ or wave‐driven submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) that has shallow flow paths, and groundwater in Ra equilibrium zone is recommended as endmember for seasonally driven or density‐driven SGD that has deep flow paths.


Rilke and Andreas-Salom6 met in 1897, studied and traveled together in Russia in 1899-1900 and participated in the Psychoanalytical Congress of 1913. AndreasSalom6 studied with Freud in Vienna in 1912-13 and became a lay analyst. At this time the friendship between Rilke and Andreas-Salom6 cooled but was carried on through a lively exchange of letters' and texts which, among other topics, rethought and revised Freud's concept of sexuality as developed in Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualmoral.2 Whereas Freud focuses on the development of infantile sexuality in order to define the origins of neurosis, Rilke and Andreas-Salom6 refer to different phases of this development in order to define sexual partnership. Examining the relevance of the individual's sexual experience for the partner Rilke and AndreasSalom6 investigate the potentials of intercourse to conquer and/or to transgress individual differences. Both authors are


A seamless battery integration with higher power conversion efficiency and lower system power rating can be achieved by adopting the DC-series battery integration topology into a photovoltaic (PV) string inverter system, the PV-battery series inverter. The PV-battery series inverter uses the partial-power processing technique to achieve flexible current control between PV string and battery. In the process of designing the partial-power DC-DC optimizer, different types of DC-DC converters and different size of batteries can be considered, and the system efficiency and the power rating vary based on the system design. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the different type partial-power optimizers for the PV-battery series inverter in residential rooftop applications « 10kW PV output power, < 500V DC-bus voltage), in consideration of the DC-DC converter topology. Non-isolated and isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters are considered and selection of battery voltage in each case is made to have the optimized system design. The operation of the designed DC-DC optimizer is verified through controller hardware-in-the-loop test.


LAYOUT CONNECTION insulation displacement SLOT IN WHICH AN AUXILIARY PIECE INSERT 4 MOVED BY ROD 5 REMOVABLE FORMING LEVER IS USED TO ENSURE THE NECESSARY PRESSURE CUP SHEATH 20 INSULATION OF ELECTRIC WIRE AND CONNECTED 2 THE INTEGRATION OF THE SOUL OF THIS LEAD 21 SLOT. AUXILIARY PIECE INSERT 4 CROSSING IS BY A CHIMNEY ROD PASSAGE AND FEATURES A 40 PUSH ON SUPPORT WIRE CONNECTED, IT ALSO INCLUDES A gUIDE DEVICE 43 ROLLER gUIDE TO COOPERATE WITH GROOVES 73 formed in the CASE CONTAINING THE ARRANGEMENT 7 CONNECTION TO GIVE A pSEUDO CIRCULAR INCLUSION MOVEMENT WHICH ALLOWS TO ACCELERATE ITS TIPPING WHEN IN MOVEMENT BETWEEN EXTREME POSITIONS.


Preface. Acknowledgments. About the Authors. PART I: Suicide and Self-Injurious Behaviors. 1 Suicide in Children and Adolescents ( With contributions by Karen Michelle Hunnicutt Hollenbaugh and Alexis M. Rae ). 2 School-Based Suicide Prevention Programming. 3 Working With Suicidal Students in Schools: Assessment and Intervention. 4 Working With Students who Engage in Nonsuicidal Self-Inflicted Injury. 5 After a Suicide: Postvention in the School Environment. PART II: Violence Assessment, Response, and Postvention. 6 Utilizing Face-to-Face Clinical Interviews With Violent and Potentially Violent Students and Their Families. 7 Using a Systems of Care Approach With Post-Violent and Potentially Violent Students. 8 Utilizing Psychological First Aid When Responding to School Violence Survivors and Their Parents. 9 Adapted Solution-Focused Survivors-Parents Debriefing Model. PART III: Legal Issues and Preparation. 10 Ethical and Legal Issues. 11 Wrap-up: Preparedness and Promising Future Interventions. Appendix: Ethical Decision-Making Model. References. Index.


Various Mg-Al type hydrotalcites were examined as catalysts for the epoxidation of olefins and N-oxidation of pyridines using hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic activity of hydrotalcites increased with increasing the basicity of their surface. Adding cationic surfactants, e.g., n-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, to the above system remarkably accelerated the reaction rate. The hydrotalcites, into which were introduced both Ru and Co cations in the Brucite layers, were found to be good catalysts for the oxidation of various alcohols in the presence of molecular oxygen. Moreover, these hydrotalcites could smoothly catalyze also the oxygenation of diphenylmethane, fluorene, and xanthene at benzylic position with excellent yields. The hydrotalcite catalysts could be easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused with retention of their high catalytic performance for the above oxidations.


THE concept of "medical" castration has gained considerable attention in the therapy of carcinoma of the prostate, but a similar application of androgenic hormones to the "medical" castration of the female suffering from carcinoma of the breast has been given very little clinical trial. Androgenic substances should be administered with caution in the presence of neoplastic disease for they differ markedly from estrogens in their growth-stimulating properties. Therefore, in giving male sex hormones to a patient with malignant disease of the breast, the advantages of suppressing ovarian activity must be weighed against the possible danger of stimulating the cancerous growth. We recently treated a woman suffering from extensive metastatic carcinoma of the breast by surgical castration and concomitant administration of methyl testosterone. The transformation of the patient from one who was bed ridden to an ambulatory one, and the arrest and recalcification of the extensive skeletal metastases was so impressiv...


Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has been greatly reduced in most developed countries through the use of vaccine and improved hygienic conditions. However, the magnitude of the problem is underestimated and there are no well-established Hepatitis A virus prevention and control strategies in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis A virus infection among children aged 2 to 9 years in Rumuewhor, Emuoha LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from the 89 children enrolled in this study, and analyzed for the presence of HAV IgG antibodies using ELISA techniques. Of the 89 participants, 22 (24.7%) tested positive for HAV IgG antibodies, while 67 (75.3%) were negative. The children within the ages of 4 to 6 years had the highest seropositivity rate (33.3%) while those less than 4 years had the least seropositivity rate (22.4%). The prevalence rate ratio of the males to females was 1:1.3. There was no significant difference (p between IgG seropositivity and age groups and gender. However, there was a statistical association of IgG seropositivity rates with respect to immunization. The seroprevalence rate recorded in this study was significant, indicating that the virus is endemic in this study area. Proper awareness, health education and vaccination are imperative to controlling and preventing HAV infection in Rumuewhor, Emuoha, Rivers State, Nigeria.


Networking news is of rich information,strong time effectiveness and multimedia.When the net paged,pictures,especially the dynamic first catch people's eyes.It is hard for the mass to resist the temptation of the pictures,which can mobilize people's sensible experince and visual-aesthesia thinking,and trigger people's interest to perceive the world in order to catch reader'mind,then the spreading content can be enlarged and deepened.However,in today's network open to everything and full of forceful technique,one can make use of technical strongpoint to bowdlerize some pictures,which will transfer a great deal of information with eroticism,violence and dangerous trap.It is desirable to solve the ethic problem concerned.


Problems detected in the V&V phases or even after deliveries can be huge regarding the cost associated to an early detection during the development cycle. This is usually linked to lost or misunderstanding during exchange of specification between the different teams of the development process. Furthermore, the description of software component as proposed by AUTOSAR, suffers from the impossibility to give a description of such component at a higher abstraction level. This paper intends to present the methodology and the toolset achieved within the EDONA [1] work package 1. First, the EAST-ADL2 [4] system architecture description to AUTOSAR [2] software components modeling is described. In a second part, this paper focuses on the problem of requirement linking and traceability management during the development. In the last part EDONA results regarding verification and validation during the modeling process are discussed. This work is tested in EDONA against an industrial use case provided by Continental. This use case consists in an understandable function within vehicles, the Turn Signal Indicator, which will be used all along this paper to illustrate the proposed method and toolset.


The objective of this document is to support the simulation results reported by Corbin et al. (2005) by documenting the requirements, conceptual model, simulation methodology, testing, and quality assurance associated with the Hanford Soil Inventory Model (SIM). There is no conventional software life-cycle documentation associated with the Hanford SIM because of the research and development nature of the project. Because of the extensive use of commercial- off-the-shelf software products, there was little actual software development as part of this application. This document is meant to provide historical context and technical support of Corbin et al. (2005), which is a significant revision and update to an earlier product Simpson et al. (2001). The SIM application computed waste discharges composed of 75 analytes at 377 waste sites (liquid disposal, unplanned releases, and tank farm leaks) over an operational period of approximately 50 years. The development and application of SIM was an effort to develop a probabilistic approach to estimate comprehensive, mass balanced-based contaminant inventories for the Hanford Site post-closure setting. A computer model capable of calculating inventories and the associated uncertainties as a function of time was identified to address the needs of the Remediation and Closure Science (RCS) Project.


Introduction: OffWorld is building millions of smart robots working on the human supervision on earth and in space, turning the solar system into a habitable place for life and civilization. Enabling human expansion off our home planet is the most important objective of our civilization, for three reasons:  species level life insurance policy,  sustainable development on earth,  opening up the new frontier. What we absolutely require in space is a robotic workforce for tough jobs. We need to be able to excavate underground habitats and extract water ice and materials. From the collective volatile's we need to make drinkable water, breathable air and rocket propellant. In order to sustain expansion we need to be able to manufacture basic structures and solar cells so that we can produce unlimited power. Ultimately, these systems will need to replicate themselves for rapid and economic expansion. In order to do this, we need to emulate the entire infrastructure value chain from mining, processing, fabrication, assembly and construction. However, we cannot just export current Earth-based practices and technology. We must reinvent how we undertake these processes here on earth, and transfer them directly to the expansion of civilization into the solar system.


Summary 1. The serum proteins of calves from birth to weaning, and the maternal colostral whey have been examined with the 'classical' Tiselius electrophoresis apparatus. Differences were shown between calves fed colostrum and those partially deprived of colostrum. 2. A study of the pre-colostral calf serum showed the presence of albumin and of two major components with mobilities similar to the α and β globulins of adult serum. A component forming approximately 1·4 % of the total serum proteins and with a mobility similar to that of γ1 or fibrinogen represented the γ1 globulin. This globulin component was not unconverted fibrinogen and may be autogenous γ globulin or γ globulin passively acquired in utero. 3. Autogenous γ globulin was evident in colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived calves shortly after birth. The γ1 and γ2 components could be distinguished by the 10th day after birth, at which time the γ1 globulin was the greater. By the 30th day the γ2 globulin exceeded the γ1 globulin and a smaller component termed the γ3 globulin could usually be detected between the γ2 and the salt boundary. 4. Albumin concentrations generally fluctuated inversely to changes in the total serum globulins. 5. The α globulins associated with fetuin declined shortly after birth in the colostrum-fed group. In the deprived group α globulin first rose and then fell. In both groups minimum α globulin values were reached at about the 30th day, when the α1 globulin, although initially the major component in pre-colostral calf serum, was more depleted than the α2. 6. The β globulin frequently showed a transient though marked increase when the α globulins were at their lowest values. 7. No changes in the electrophoretic mobilities of the major serum proteins were detected as the calves matured, and no significant difference was found between the mobilities of the electrophoretic components of calf and adult sera. 8. The electrophoretic examination of colostral whey, colostral lacto-globulin fractions and calf serum immediately after suckling usually showed one lacto-globulin component. The relationship between the serum γ globulins and the lacto-globulin. is discussed. The author wishes to thank Dr M. Robertson, F.R.S., and Sir Alan Drury, F.R.S. for their interest and encouragement during the course of this work, Dr W. R. Kerr for his co-operation in supplying most of the serum and colostrum samples, and Dr A. W. Stableforth and Dr J. S. Paterson for making certain cattle available for these experiments.


The potassium hexatitanate whisker was used as solid-phase extractant and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) as sensitive detector.The main factors of adsorption and desorption behavior were studied.The results show that the adsorption rates of Co2+, Ni2+ and Cr3+ by potassium hexatitanate whisker are over 95% at pH 7.0 after oscillating for 5 min and holding for 30 min, and Co2+, Ni2+ and Cr3+ can be eluted from potassium hexatitanate whisker with 10 mL HCl(3 mol/L) oscillating time of 5 min and holding time of 40 min.The detection limit of Co2+, Ni2+ and Cr3+(3σ, n = 9) are 0.009 2, 0.005 3, 0.008 9 mg/L, respectively, the relative standard deviation(RSD) are 0.98%, 0.75% and 0.87%, respectively.Under the optimum conditions, the method is applied to the determination of analyte in waster water of phosphor, and the obtained recovery is 90%?102%.


The present invention relates to a device for receiving a protected object, in particular of a spectacle frame, comprising a surface with an outer layer (1) and an inner layer (2), said surface along one of its extensions in a plurality of parallel segments (7) is divided, each formed mutually transversely to this extent of the surface mounted.


Spontaneous subcapsular renal hematoma is a rare occurrence. We report a 42-year-old male with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis who developed sudden-onset right flank pain. Imaging showed a large subcapsular collection in the right kidney, for which urgent nephrectomy was done due to hemodynamic instability. Histopathology from the nephrectomy specimen was suggestive of pauci-immune glomerulonephritis with crescents. The patient received pulse methylprednisolone followed by injectable cyclophosphamide.


Preface: Saito, H Regulation of Mast Cell Development: Shiohara, M. Koike, K Regulation of Mast Cell Activation through Fc[epsilon]RI: Yamasaki, S. Saito, T Role of Oxidants in Mast Cell Activation: Suzuki, Y. Yoshimaru, T. Inoue, T. Niide, O. Ra, C Roles of Adaptor Molecules in Mast Cell Activation: Tkaczyk, C. Iwaki, S. Metcalfe, D.D. Gilfillan, A.M Eicosanoid Mediators of Mast Cells: Receptors, Regulation of Synthesis, and Pathobiologic Implications: Boyce, J.A Role of Mast Cell Proteases in Tissue Remodeling: Saito, H Mast Cell Mediators in Airway Remodeling: Oh, C.K Mast Cell-Derived Cytokine Expression Induced via Fc Receptors and Toll-Like Receptors: Okayama, Y Mast Cells in Allergic Airway Disease and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Pawankar, R Chemokine Receptor Expression by Mast Cells: Juremalm, M. Nilsson, G Mast Cell [beta]2-Adrenoceptors: Kay, L.J. Peachell, P.T Potential Role of Stem Cell Factor in the Asthma Control by Glucocorticoids: Da Silva, C.A. Frossard, N Mast Cell Ion Channels: Bradding, P Using Mast Cell Knock-In Mice to Analyze the Roles of Mast Cells in Allergic Responses in vivo: Tsai, M Grimbaldeston, M.A. Yu, M. Tam, S.-Y. Galli, S.J Mast Cell-Specific Genes - New Drug Targets/Pathogenesis: Saito, H.


Adenostemma is a genus in the Asteraceae family consisting of more than 20 species distributed in tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, America, and the Pacific Islands. They have been used in folk medicine as remedies for diseases such as fever, inflammation, edema, digestive disorders, and lung injury. This review aims to provide information about Adenostemma species, the traditional uses of these species, chemical constituents, and therapeutic potential based on scientific evidence. The literature search was conducted through Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and KNApSAcK using several search terms. It was revealed in our studies that Adenostemma plants have various secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, fatty acids, saponins, and tannins. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimelanogenic, antitumor, and antiviral activities have been shown by scientific evidence of its extracts and isolated compounds. Adenostemma species were demonstrated by this investigation to offer a prospective source for the development of new drugs. However, phytochemical and pharmacological data are currently limited and require further studies.


In the past decade, many diseases of bacterial origin have yielded dramatically to the newer chemotherapeutic and antibiotic agents. Brucellosis has not been one of them. Of the scores of remedies that have been offered for this disease with more or less enthusiasm, none have proved satisfactory under critical evaluation and most of them have been discarded. In the early days of the sulfonamide compounds and of streptomycin, enthusiasm for their efficacy in brucellosis ran high, but further experience has demonstrated that their therapeutic value is minimal. 1 Both sulfadiazine and streptomycin suppress Brucella in vitro. Although neither drug by itself is distinctly effective clinically, there is evidence that even in vivo each has some suppressive action on Brucella. These considerations led us to evaluate the effect of the simultaneous use of these drugs in a case of human brucellosis. REPORT OF A CASE A Transylvania-born white man, aged 52


It is the introduction of how to change the traditional Chinese herb and medicine into the information management design.By indexing this information with our software,the users can easily get the message and clearly know about the traditional Chinese herb and medicine.


The tendency to dissociate is characterized by deficits in autobiographical memory. Poor reality monitoring, i.e., the ability to decide whether an event truly happened or was imagined may give rise to autobiographical memory problems. It was hypothesized that the tendency to dissociate, as measured by the Dissociation Experience Scale (DES), is related to deficiencies in reality monitoring. Yet, the results of two laboratory measures of reality monitoring showed no such relationship in a sample of undergraduate students scoring high on the DES. The tendency to dissociate was found to be related to self-reports of traumatization. This association, however, was mediated by a measure of deliberate attempts to suppress memory elements from entering consciousness. This finding suggests that memory problems relating to trauma may be due to "willful forgetting".


: We cut as an object of analysis the case of Genivaldo de Jesus Santos, tortured and murdered by federal road policemen (PRF) on May 25, 2022 in Umbaúba, Sergipe, cutting the text of police occurrence written by the police officers involved in the event, in which effects of defense of these agents resonate. We anchor ourselves on the theoretical assumptions of Pecheutian Discourse Analysis (AD), considering not the content of discursive materiality, but the way in which effects of meaning are constituted. The question we seek to answer is: how, in this discourse, violence is reproduced and legitimized as a State policy regarding the poor, black and peripheral population.


In both of these examples, we have proved that X(Q) = ∅ by showing that X(Qv) = ∅ for some place v. In the first case it was v = ∞, the real place. In the second case we showed that X(Q2) was empty: the argument applies equally well to a supposed solution over Q2. Given a variety X over a number field k and a place v of k, it is a finite procedure to decide whether X(kv) is empty. Moreover, X(kv) is automatically non-empty for all but finitely many places v, which can be determined: this follows from the Weil conjectures. It is therefore a finite (and usually very straightforward) process to check whether X(kv) is non-empty for all v. For some families of varieties, this is enough to ensure that X(k) is nonempty. For example:


Introduction: The CDC estimates an average of around 5 central line associated blood stream infections(CLABSIs) per 1000 catheter-days in the United States. As more patients with central lines are located outside the ICU, CLABSI rates for non-ICU patients have been on the rise. There are approximate


Significance We combine proxy sea level records, downscaled tropical cyclone data sets, and storm surge models to investigate the impacts of rising sea levels and tropical cyclones on coastal inundation in New York City. The flood risk for New York City due to tropical cyclones and their resultant storm surges has increased significantly during the last millennium. Mean flood heights increased by >1.2 m from ∼A.D. 850 to A.D. 2005 due to rising relative sea levels. Additionally, there were increases in the types of tropical cyclones that produce the greatest surges for the region. Subsequently, the 500-y flood height return periods have fallen to ∼24.4 y throughout the millennium. In a changing climate, future inundation of the United States' Atlantic coast will depend on both storm surges during tropical cyclones and the rising relative sea levels on which those surges occur. However, the observational record of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic basin is too short (A.D. 1851 to present) to accurately assess long-term trends in storm activity. To overcome this limitation, we use proxy sea level records, and downscale three CMIP5 models to generate large synthetic tropical cyclone data sets for the North Atlantic basin; driving climate conditions span from A.D. 850 to A.D. 2005. We compare pre-anthropogenic era (A.D. 850–1800) and anthropogenic era (A.D.1970–2005) storm surge model results for New York City, exposing links between increased rates of sea level rise and storm flood heights. We find that mean flood heights increased by ∼1.24 m (due mainly to sea level rise) from ∼A.D. 850 to the anthropogenic era, a result that is significant at the 99% confidence level. Additionally, changes in tropical cyclone characteristics have led to increases in the extremes of the types of storms that create the largest storm surges for New York City. As a result, flood risk has greatly increased for the region; for example, the 500-y return period for a ∼2.25-m flood height during the pre-anthropogenic era has decreased to ∼24.4 y in the anthropogenic era. Our results indicate the impacts of climate change on coastal inundation, and call for advanced risk management strategies.


A gain-cell embedded DRAM (GC-eDRAM) is an attractive logic-compatible alternative to the conventional static random access memory (SRAM) for the implementation of embedded memories, as it offers higher density, lower leakage, and two-ported operation. However, it requires periodic refresh cycles to maintain its data which deteriorates due to leakage. The refresh-rate, which is traditionally set according to the worst cell in the array under extreme operating conditions, leads to a significant refresh power consumption and decreased memory availability. In this paper, we propose to reduce the cost of GC-eDRAM refresh by employing failure detection to lower the refresh-rate. A 4T dynamic complementary dual-modular redundancy bitcell is proposed to offer per-bit error detection, resulting in a substantial decrease in the refresh-rate and over 60% power reduction compared with the SRAM. The proposed approach is also compared with the conventional SRAM and GCeDRAM implementations with integrated error correction codes, demonstrating significant area and latency reductions.


The slowdown in the process of capital formation in continental Europe in the 1990s is analysed. Sector-level data from the OECD's International Sectoral Data Base (ISDB) are used. Econometric estimates of an investment function indicate structural instability in the early 1990s and, specifically, a break in the coefficient linking the growth of capital stock to demand. This result neither seems to be related to non-linearities in the relationship between capital formation and expected demand, nor to the sectoral composition of European economies. Evidence is found that the drop in the accelerator is at least partly attributable to greater demand uncertainty in the 1990s as compared with the earlier period.


Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) represents a global epidemic and causes significant mortality mostly in developing countries. With the emergence of HIV pandemic the steady decline in the incidence of tuberculosis was halted in developed countries and in fact it is reversed. Similarly an epidemic of diabetes mellitus is sweeping the country. Aims and Objectives: Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on solid media from different groups like HIV/AIDS patients, Diabetics, immunocompetent persons and to study the isolation rates in smear negative suspected cases. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on sputum of tuberculosis suspected patients from different risk groups. All the specimens were examined microscopically by using Ziehl-Neelsen's staining and decontamination was performed using Modified Petroffs technique. The decontaminated deposit was cultured on LJ slopes. Results: Out of a total of 50 HIV positive cases, 25 diabetic cases and 25 immunocompetent persons with suspected tuberculosis 44%, 8% and 68% were found to be co-infected with tuberculosis. Out of total of 100 cases of symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis, 34 (34%) were sputum positive and 66 (66%) were sputum negative. Maximum no. of sputum positive cases are among symptomatic immunocompetent persons (60%) followed by HIV positive cases (34%) and Diabetics (8%). All the strains isolated were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and no non-tuberculous mycobacteria spp (NTM) were isolated. Conclusion: Conventional culture technique is the gold standard for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Priority for tuberculosis control remains early detection and effective treatment of active cases of tuberculosis.


Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION von Willebrand factor (vWF), a large adhesive plasma glycoprotein, plays a central role in the adhesion of platelets to injured vessel wall and also serves as a carrier protein for coagulant factor Ⅷ (FⅧ), stabilizing the activity of FⅧ in plasma. The vWF gene of 178 kb in length is localized at chromosome 12p12-pter. The gene contains 52 exons


In this study, the effect of CO2 concentration on carbonation depth, semi-carbonated zone, pore size distribution and carbonation products in concrete were investigated. The CO2 concentration was increased from 0.035 % to 2 % and 20 % at 70 % relative humidity and 20 °C. The results show that the carbonation process of 2 % CO2 was more similar to natural carbonation than 20 % CO2, as evidenced by the better linearity fitness of carbonation depth. The length of semi-carbonated zone was 6 mm at 2 % CO2 and 8 mm at 20 % CO2 within 16 weeks, a number that cannot be ignored when predicting the service life of concrete under carbonation. CH remained in a small amount in the completely carbonated zone instead of being completely consumed, and CH consumed at 20 % CO2 is about 1.5-2.0 times that of 2 % CO2. The content of CaCO3 in the completely carbonated zone at 20 % CO2 was higher than that of 2 % CO2. CaCO3 could fill in large pores between hydration products, so the porosity, average pore size and aperture decreased with CO2 concentration.


In Hungary, irrigation determines the success of water-intensive beet cultivation. Taking into account the guidelines of the circular economy, we investigated the effect of irrigation with pre-treated nutrient-rich effluent from an intensive catfish-farm on the growth stages of sugar beet and fodder beet. In the two-year-experiment (2020, 2021), two sugar beet ('Helenika', 'Grandiosa') and two fodder beet ('Rózsaszín Béta', 'Béta Vöröshenger') cultivars were grown. In addition to the effluent water of the fish farm, the water of the Körös oxbow lake and a mixed water type (1:3 effluent and Körös water, added gypsum) were used for irrigation (sprinkler irrigation methods, 4 replications). The experiment was performed in 64 lysimeter vessels/units (1 m2) in Szarvas. During the research we sought answers to the following questions: (1) whether the onset and length of sugar growth stage and accumulation stage differ depending on water quality, (2) which beet variety has the highest relative chlorophyll content, (3) whether irrigation water quality affected the relative chlorophyll content of beet cultivars. SPAD values measured with the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter were used to estimate the relative chlorophyll content of beet leaves.


Abstract. A wide variety of observation data sets are used to assess long-term simulations provided by chemistry-climate models (CCMs) and chemistry-transport models (CTMs). However, the upper troposphere – lower stratosphere (UTLS) has hardly been assessed in the models yet. Observations performed in the framework of IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) combine the advantages of in situ airborne measurements in the UTLS with an almost global-scale sampling, a ~ 20-year monitoring period and a high frequency. If a few model assessments have been made using IAGOS database, none of them took advantage of the dense and high-resolution cruise data in their whole ensemble yet. The present study proposes a method to compare this large IAGOS data set to long-term simulations used for chemistry-climate studies. For this purpose, a new software (named Interpol-IAGOS) projects all IAGOS data on the 3D grid of the chosen model with a monthly resolution, since generally chemistry-climate models provide 3D outputs as monthly means. This provides a new IAGOS data set (IAGOS-DM) mapped at the model's grid and time resolution. As a first application, the REF-C1SD simulation generated by MOCAGE CTM in the framework of CCMI phase-I has been evaluated during the 1994–2013 period for ozone and the 2002–2013 period for carbon monoxide. This comparison is exclusively based on the grid cells sampled by IAGOS, thus the assessed model output (MOCAGE-M) is obtained by applying a corresponding mask onto the grid. First, climatologies are derived from the IAGOS-DM product. Good correlations are reported between IAGOS-DM and MOCAGE-M spatial distributions. As an attempt to analyse MOCAGE-M behaviour in the upper troposphere (UT) and the lower stratosphere (LS) separately, UT and LS data in IAGOS-DM were sorted according to potential vorticity. From this, we derived O3 and CO seasonal cycles in eight regions well sampled by IAGOS flights in the northern mid-latitudes. They are remarkably well-reproduced by the model for lower-stratospheric O3 and also good for upper-tropospheric CO. The data projection onto the model's grid is a necessary step for a more accurate assessment, as it allows to filter out biases only due to either spatial or temporal resolution. Beyond the MOCAGE REF-C1SD evaluation presented in this paper, the method could be used by CCMI models for individual assessments in the UTLS and for model intercomparisons with respect to IAGOS data set.


Background: Renal transplant patients show a high incidence of anemia, which is often responsible for cardiovascular morbidity and graft rejection. Anemia reportedly impacts the health-related quality of life (HRQoL); however, only a limited number of related studies have been conducted on renal transplant recipients. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of anemia and its effects on QoL of renal transplant patients in Saudi Arabia.


In this study, we consider a hierarchically structured base station (BS)-assisted cellular system equipped with a backend distributed data storage in which nodes randomly arrive and depart the cell. We numerically motivate and characterize the fundamental trade-off between the average repair bandwidth cost versus storage space where BS communication cost (higher than that of local) and link capacity constraints exist while the number of failed nodes can vary dynamically. We establish the capacity region that is most relevant to 5G and beyond networks, which are layered by design. We hope that this study shall motivate novel regeneration code constructions that will be able to achieve the presented limits.


We argue that the use of electronic communication technologies in changing organizational forms can be facilitated by the explicit and ongoing adaptation of those technologies to changing contexts of use. This paper reports on an exploratory study of the use of a computer conferencing system in a Japanese R&D project group. We found that the system's use was significantly influenced by the activities of a few individuals who shaped users' interaction with the conferencing technology, modified features of the technology, and altered the context of use. These activities---which we call technology-use mediation---promoted effective electronic communication both initially at the point of adoption, as well as over time as needs, preferences, experiences, and conditions changed. Drawing on these insights, we develop a theoretical framing of the mediation process which suggests that it can be a powerful organizational mechanism for helping organizations provide the ongoing attention and resources needed to adapt electronic communication technologies to changing conditions, contexts, and organizational forms.


Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is an attenuated double-stranded DNA poxvirus currently developed as a vaccine vector against HIV/AIDS. Profiling of the innate immune responses induced by MVA is essential for the design of vaccine vectors and for anticipating potential adverse interactions between naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immune responses. Here we report on innate immune sensing of MVA and cytokine responses in human THP-1 cells, primary human macrophages and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The innate immune responses elicited by MVA in human macrophages were characterized by a robust chemokine production and a fairly weak pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Analyses of the cytokine production profile of macrophages isolated from knockout mice deficient in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) or in the adapter molecules MyD88 and TRIF revealed a critical role for TLR2, TLR6 and MyD88 in the production of IFNβ-independent chemokines. MVA induced a marked up-regulation of the expression of RIG-I like receptors (RLR) and the IPS-1 adapter (also known as Cardif, MAVS or VISA). Reduced expression of RIG-I, MDA-5 and IPS-1 by shRNAs indicated that sensing of MVA by RLR and production of IFNβ and IFNβ-dependent chemokines was controlled by the MDA-5 and IPS-1 pathway in the macrophage. Crosstalk between TLR2-MyD88 and the NALP3 inflammasome was essential for expression and processing of IL-1β. Transcription of the Il1b gene was markedly impaired in TLR2−/− and MyD88−/− BMDM, whereas mature and secreted IL-1β was massively reduced in NALP3−/− BMDMs or in human THP-1 macrophages with reduced expression of NALP3, ASC or caspase-1 by shRNAs. Innate immune sensing of MVA and production of chemokines, IFNβ and IL-1β by macrophages is mediated by the TLR2-TLR6-MyD88, MDA-5-IPS-1 and NALP3 inflammasome pathways. Delineation of the host response induced by MVA is critical for improving our understanding of poxvirus antiviral escape mechanisms and for designing new MVA vaccine vectors with improved immunogenicity.


This paper introduces the multichannel buffered serial port(McBSP)on TMS320C54XX series of DSP.The hardware and software design of the interface between McBSP and MAX3111 with IrDA mode are discussed in detail.